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Artículos originales (todos) *** Original articles (all)

Urological tumors.

February - March 2013

 

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[1]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Postoperative radiotherapy after radical prostatectomy for high-risk prostate cancer: long-term results of a randomised controlled trial (EORTC trial 22911).

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Lancet. 2012 Dec 8;380(9858):2018-27. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61253-7. Epub 2012 Oct 19.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/S0140-6736(12)61253-7

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Bolla M; van Poppel H; Tombal B; Vekemans K; Da Pozzo L; de Reijke TM; Verbaeys A; Bosset JF; van Velthoven R; Colombel M; van de Beek C; Verhagen P; van den Bergh A; Sternberg C; Gasser T; van Tienhoven G; Scalliet P; Haustermans K; Collette L

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire A Michallon, Grenoble, France. mbolla@chu-grenoble.fr

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: We report the long-term results of a trial of immediate postoperative irradiation versus a wait-and-see policy in patients with prostate cancer extending beyond the prostate, to confirm whether previously reported progression-free survival was sustained. METHODS: This randomised, phase 3, controlled trial recruited patients aged 75 years or younger with untreated cT0-3 prostate cancer (WHO performance status 0 or 1) from 37 institutions across Europe. Eligible patients were randomly assigned centrally (1:1) to postoperative irradiation (60 Gy of conventional irradiation to the surgical bed for 6 weeks) or to a wait-and-see policy until biochemical progression (increase in prostate-specific antigen >0.2 mug/L confirmed twice at least 2 weeks apart). We  analysed the primary endpoint, biochemical progression-free survival, by intention to treat (two-sided test for difference at alpha=0.05, adjusted for one interim analysis) and did exploratory analyses of heterogeneity of effect. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00002511. FINDINGS: 1005 patients were randomly assigned to a wait-and-see policy (n=503) or postoperative irradiation (n=502) and were followed up for a median of 10.6 years (range 2 months to 16.6 years). Postoperative irradiation significantly improved biochemical progression-free survival compared with the wait-and-see policy (198  [39.4%] of 502 patients in postoperative irradiation group vs 311 [61.8%] of 503  patients in wait-and-see group had biochemical or clinical progression or died; HR 0.49 [95% CI 0.41-0.59]; p<0.0001). Late adverse effects (any type of any grade) were more frequent in the postoperative irradiation group than in the wait-and-see group (10 year cumulative incidence 70.8% [66.6-75.0] vs 59.7% [55.3-64.1]; p=0.001). INTERPRETATION: Results at median follow-up of 10.6 years  show that conventional postoperative irradiation significantly improves biochemical progression-free survival and local control compared with a wait-and-see policy, supporting results at 5 year follow-up; however, improvements in clinical progression-free survival were not maintained. Exploratory analyses suggest that postoperative irradiation might improve clinical progression-free survival in patients younger than 70 years and in those with positive surgical margins, but could have a detrimental effect in patients aged 70 years or older. FUNDING: Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer (Comite de l’Isere, Grenoble, France) and the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Charitable Trust.

 

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[2]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Cabozantinib in patients with advanced prostate cancer: results of a phase II randomized discontinuation trial.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Clin Oncol. 2013 Feb 1;31(4):412-9. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2012.45.0494. Epub 2012 Nov 19.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1200/JCO.2012.45.0494

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Smith DC; Smith MR; Sweeney C; Elfiky AA; Logothetis C; Corn PG; Vogelzang NJ; Small EJ; Harzstark AL; Gordon MS; Vaishampayan UN; Haas NB; Spira AI; Lara PN Jr; Lin CC; Srinivas S; Sella A; Schoffski P; Scheffold C; Weitzman AL; Hussain M

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. dcsmith@umich.edu

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: Cabozantinib (XL184) is an orally bioavailable tyrosine kinase inhibitor with activity against MET and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2. We evaluated the activity of cabozantinib in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) in a phase II randomized discontinuation trial with an expansion cohort. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients received 100 mg of cabozantinib  daily. Those with stable disease per RECIST at 12 weeks were randomly assigned to cabozantinib or placebo. Primary end points were objective response rate at 12 weeks and progression-free survival (PFS) after random assignment. RESULTS: One hundred seventy-one men with CRPC were enrolled. Random assignment was halted early based on the observed activity of cabozantinib. Seventy-two percent of patients had regression in soft tissue lesions, whereas 68% of evaluable patients had improvement on bone scan, including complete resolution in 12%. The objective response rate at 12 weeks was 5%, with stable disease in 75% of patients. Thirty-one patients with stable disease at week 12 were randomly assigned. Median PFS was 23.9 weeks (95% CI, 10.7 to 62.4 weeks) with cabozantinib and 5.9 weeks (95% CI, 5.4 to 6.6 weeks) with placebo (hazard ratio, 0.12; P < .001). Serum total alkaline phosphatase and plasma cross-linked C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen were reduced by >/= 50% in 57% of evaluable patients. On retrospective review, bone pain improved in 67% of evaluable patients, with a decrease in narcotic use in 56%. The most common grade 3 adverse events were fatigue (16%), hypertension (12%), and hand-foot syndrome (8%). CONCLUSION: Cabozantinib has clinical activity in men with CRPC, including reduction of soft tissue lesions, improvement in PFS, resolution of bone scans, and reductions in bone turnover markers, pain, and narcotic use.

 

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[3]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Response in bone turnover markers during therapy predicts overall survival in patients with metastatic prostate cancer: analysis of three clinical trials.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Br J Cancer. 2012 Oct 23;107(9):1547-53. doi: 10.1038/bjc.2012.436. Epub 2012 Oct 2.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1038/bjc.2012.436

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Som A; Tu SM; Liu J; Wang X; Qiao W; Logothetis C; Corn PG

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, Unit 1374, The University of Texas  MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1155 Herman Pressler, Houston, TX 77230, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: The bone-forming metastases of prostate cancer result from complex stromal-epithelial interactions within the tumour microenvironment. Autocrine-paracrine signalling pathways between prostate cancer epithelial cells, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts stimulate aberrant bone remodelling, and the activity of these three cell populations can be quantitatively measured using prostate-specific antigen (PSA), bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP) and urine N-telopeptide (uNTx), respectively. The purpose of the present study was to test the hypothesis that serial measurements of BAP and uNTx during therapy would facilitate monitoring of disease activity and predict the overall survival (OS) in patients with metastatic prostate cancer receiving therapy. METHODS: Radionuclide bone scan, PSA, BAP, and uNTx data were retrospectively analysed from three clinical trials in patients with metastatic prostate cancer conducted  at our institution. Qualitative changes in bone scans and quantitative changes in PSA, BAP, and uNTx concentrations during therapy were correlated with OS. RESULTS: Baseline levels of BAP, but not PSA, were prognostic for OS in both androgen-dependent and castrate-resistant disease. A reduction in PSA, BAP, uNTx, or BAP/uNTx on therapy was predictive of improved OS in both patient groups. Conversely, an increase in PSA, or BAP on therapy was predictive of worse OS in both patient groups. Baseline number of lesions and response on bone scan during  therapy were neither prognostic nor predictive of OS in either patient group. CONCLUSION: These observations support the concept that serial measurements of bone turnover metabolites during therapy function as clinically informative predictive biomarkers in patients with advanced prostate cancer and skeletal metastases. PSA measurements and bone scans remain essential to monitor the overall disease activity and determine the anatomic distribution of skeletal metastases.

 

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[4]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Genome-wide association study in Chinese men identifies two new prostate cancer risk loci at 9q31.2 and 19q13.4.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Nat Genet. 2012 Nov;44(11):1231-5. doi: 10.1038/ng.2424. Epub 2012 Sep 30.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1038/ng.2424

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Xu J; Mo Z; Ye D; Wang M; Liu F; Jin G; Xu C; Wang X; Shao Q; Chen Z; Tao Z; Qi J; Zhou F; Wang Z; Fu Y; He D; Wei Q; Guo J; Wu D; Gao X; Yuan J; Wang G; Xu Y; Wang G; Yao H; Dong P; Jiao Y; Shen M; Yang J; Ou-Yang J; Jiang H; Zhu Y; Ren S; Zhang Z; Yin C; Gao X; Dai B; Hu Z; Yang Y; Wu Q; Chen H; Peng P; Zheng Y; Zheng X; Xiang Y; Long J; Gong J; Na R; Lin X; Yu H; Wang Z; Tao S; Feng J; Sun J; Liu W; Hsing A; Rao J; Ding Q; Wiklund F; Gronberg H; Shu XO; Zheng W; Shen H; Jin L; Shi R; Lu D; Zhang X; Sun J; Zheng SL; Sun Y

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Prostate cancer risk-associated variants have been reported in populations of European descent, African-Americans and Japanese using genome-wide association studies (GWAS). To systematically investigate prostate cancer risk-associated variants in Chinese men, we performed the first GWAS in Han Chinese. In addition  to confirming several associations reported in other ancestry groups, this study  identified two new risk-associated loci for prostate cancer on chromosomes 9q31.2 (rs817826, P = 5.45 x 10(-14)) and 19q13.4 (rs103294, P = 5.34 x 10(-16)) in 4,484 prostate cancer cases and 8,934 controls. The rs103294 marker at 19q13.4 is in strong linkage equilibrium with a 6.7-kb germline deletion that removes the first six of seven exons in LILRA3, a gene regulating inflammatory response, and  was significantly associated with the mRNA expression of LILRA3 in T cells (P < 1 x 10(-4)). These findings may advance the understanding of genetic susceptibility to prostate cancer.

 

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[5]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Predictors of adverse smoking outcomes in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Natl Cancer Inst. 2012 Nov 7;104(21):1647-59. doi: 10.1093/jnci/djs398. Epub 2012 Oct 26.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1093/jnci/djs398

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Barry SA; Tammemagi MC; Penek S; Kassan EC; Dorfman CS; Riley TL; Commin J; Taylor KL

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: The impact of lung cancer screening on smoking behavior is unclear. The aims of this ancillary study of the Prostate Lung Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial were to produce risk prediction models to identify individuals at risk of relapse or continued smoking and to evaluate whether cancer-screening variables affect long-term smoking outcomes. METHODS: Participants completed a baseline questionnaire at trial enrollment and a supplemental questionnaire 4-14 years after enrollment, which assessed several cancer-related variables, including family history of cancer, comorbidities, and  tobacco use. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to predict smoking status at completion of the supplemental questionnaire. The models’ predictive performances were evaluated by assessing discrimination via the receiver operator characteristic area under the curve (ROC AUC) and calibration.  Models were internally validated using bootstrap methods. RESULTS: Of the 31&emsp14;694 former smokers on the baseline questionnaire, 1042 (3.3%) had relapsed (ie, reported being a current smoker on the supplemental questionnaire). Of the 6807 current smokers on the baseline questionnaire, 4439 (65.2%) reported  continued smoking on the supplemental questionnaire. Relapse was associated with  multiple demographic, medical, and tobacco-related characteristics. This model had a bootstrap median ROC AUC of 0.862 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.858 to  0.866) and a calibration slope of 1.004 (95% CI = 0.978 to 1.029), indicating excellent discrimination and calibration. Predictors of continued smoking also included multiple demographic, medical, and tobacco-related characteristics. This model had an ROC AUC of 0.611 (95% CI = 0.605 to 0.614) and a slope of 1.006 (95% CI = 0.962 to 1.041), indicating modest discrimination. Neither the trial arm nor the lung-screening result was statistically significantly associated with smoking outcomes. CONCLUSION: These models, if validated externally, may have public health utility in identifying individuals at risk for adverse smoking outcomes, who may benefit from relapse prevention and smoking cessation interventions.

 

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[6]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Images in clinical medicine. Gynecomastia induced by prostate-cancer treatment.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - N Engl J Med. 2012 Oct 11;367(15):1449. doi: 10.1056/NEJMicm1209166.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1056/NEJMicm1209166

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Michalopoulos NV; Keshtgar MR

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, University College London, London, United Kingdom.

 

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[7]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - HIF2alpha acts as an mTORC1 activator through the amino acid carrier SLC7A5.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Mol Cell. 2012 Dec 14;48(5):681-91. doi: 10.1016/j.molcel.2012.09.017. Epub 2012  Oct 25.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.molcel.2012.09.017

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Elorza A; Soro-Arnaiz I; Melendez-Rodriguez F; Rodriguez-Vaello V; Marsboom G; de Carcer G; Acosta-Iborra B; Albacete-Albacete L; Ordonez A; Serrano-Oviedo L; Gimenez-Bachs JM; Vara-Vega A; Salinas A; Sanchez-Prieto R; Martin del Rio R; Sanchez-Madrid F; Malumbres M; Landazuri MO; Aragones J

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Santa Cristina, Research Institute Princesa, Autonomous University of Madrid, 28009 Madrid, España.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, which is essential for cell proliferation, is repressed in certain cell types in hypoxia. However, hypoxia-inducible factor 2alpha (HIF2alpha) can act as a proliferation-promoting  factor in some biological settings. This paradoxical situation led us to study whether HIF2alpha has a specific effect on mTORC1 regulation. Here we show that activation of the HIF2alpha pathway increases mTORC1 activity by upregulating expression of the amino acid carrier SLC7A5. At the molecular level we also show  that HIF2alpha binds to the Slc7a5 proximal promoter. Our findings identify a link between the oxygen-sensing HIF2alpha pathway and mTORC1 regulation, revealing the molecular basis of the tumor-promoting properties of HIF2alpha in von Hippel-Lindau-deficient cells. We also describe relevant physiological scenarios, including those that occur in liver and lung tissue, wherein HIF2alpha or low-oxygen tension drive mTORC1 activity and SLC7A5 expression.

 

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[8]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Effect of abiraterone acetate and prednisone compared with placebo and prednisone on pain control and skeletal-related events in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: exploratory analysis of data from the COU-AA-301 randomised trial.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Lancet Oncol. 2012 Dec;13(12):1210-7. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(12)70473-4. Epub 2012 Nov 9.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/S1470-2045(12)70473-4

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Logothetis CJ; Basch E; Molina A; Fizazi K; North SA; Chi KN; Jones RJ; Goodman OB; Mainwaring PN; Sternberg CN; Efstathiou E; Gagnon DD; Rothman M; Hao Y; Liu CS; Kheoh TS; Haqq CM; Scher HI; de Bono JS

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA. clogothe@mdanderson.org

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Bone metastases are a major cause of morbidity in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Abiraterone acetate potently disrupts intracrine androgen receptor signalling pathways implicated in the progression of the disease, including bone metastases. We assessed data for pain control and skeletal-related events prospectively collected as part of the randomised, phase  3 COU-AA-301 trial of abiraterone acetate plus prednisone versus placebo plus prednisone in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer after docetaxel chemotherapy. METHODS: The COU-AA-301 trial enrolled patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer in whom one or two lines of chemotherapy (one docetaxel based) had been unsuccessful and who had Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance statuses of 2 or less. Pain intensity and  interference of pain with daily activities were assessed with the Brief Pain Inventory-Short Form questionnaire at baseline, day 15 of cycle 1, and day 1 of each treatment cycle thereafter until discontinuation. We assessed, with prospectively defined response criteria that incorporated analgesic use, clinically meaningful changes in pain intensity and interference with daily living. We measured time to first occurrence of skeletal-related events, which we defined as pathological fracture, spinal cord compression, palliative radiation to bone, or bone surgery, and regularly assessed them throughout the study. Pain  palliation was assessed in patients who had clinically significant baseline pain, whereas all other analyses were done in the overall intention-to-treat population. COU-AA-301 is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00638690. FINDINGS: Median follow-up was 20.2 months (IQR 18.4-22.1). In patients with clinically significant pain at baseline, abiraterone acetate and prednisone resulted in significantly more palliation (157 of 349 [45.0%] patients vs 47 of 163 [28.8%]; p=0.0005) and faster palliation (median time to palliation 5.6 months [95% CI 3.7-9.2] vs 13.7 months [5.4-not estimable]; p=0.0018) of pain intensity than did prednisone only. Palliation of pain interference (134 of 223 [60.1%] vs 38 of 100 [38.0%], p=0.0002; median time to palliation of pain interference 1.0 months [95% CI 0.9-1.9] vs 3.7 months [2.7-not estimable], p=0.0004) and median duration of palliation of pain intensity (4.2 months [95% CI 3.0-4.9] vs 2.1 months [1.4-3.7]; p=0.0056) were significantly better with abiraterone acetate and prednisone than with prednisone only. In the overall population, median time to occurrence of first skeletal-related event was significantly longer with abiraterone acetate and prednisone than with prednisone only (25.0 months [95% CI 25.0-not estimable] vs 20.3 months [16.9-not estimable]; p=0.0001). INTERPRETATION: In patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer previously treated with docetaxel, abiraterone acetate and prednisone offer significant benefits compared with prednisone alone in terms of pain relief, delayed pain progression, and prevention of skeletal-related events. FUNDING: Janssen Research & Development and Janssen Global Services.

 

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[9]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - A study based on whole-genome sequencing yields a rare variant at 8q24 associated with prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Nat Genet. 2012 Dec;44(12):1326-9. doi: 10.1038/ng.2437. Epub 2012 Oct 28.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1038/ng.2437

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Gudmundsson J; Sulem P; Gudbjartsson DF; Masson G; Agnarsson BA; Benediktsdottir KR; Sigurdsson A; Magnusson OT; Gudjonsson SA; Magnusdottir DN; Johannsdottir H; Helgadottir HT; Stacey SN; Jonasdottir A; Olafsdottir SB; Thorleifsson G; Jonasson JG; Tryggvadottir L; Navarrete S; Fuertes F; Helfand BT; Hu Q; Csiki IE; Mates IN; Jinga V; Aben KK; van Oort IM; Vermeulen SH; Donovan JL; Hamdy FC; Ng CF; Chiu PK; Lau KM; Ng MC; Gulcher JR; Kong A; Catalona WJ; Mayordomo JI; Einarsson GV; Barkardottir RB; Jonsson E; Mates D; Neal DE; Kiemeney LA; Thorsteinsdottir U; Rafnar T; Stefansson K

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - deCODE genetics, Reykjavik, Iceland. julius@decode.is

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - In Western countries, prostate cancer is the most prevalent cancer of men and one of the leading causes of cancer-related death in men. Several genome-wide association studies have yielded numerous common variants conferring risk of prostate cancer. Here, we analyzed 32.5 million variants discovered by whole-genome sequencing 1,795 Icelanders. We identified a new low-frequency variant at 8q24 associated with prostate cancer in European populations, rs188140481[A] (odds ratio (OR) = 2.90; P(combined) = 6.2 x 10(-34)), with an average risk allele frequency in controls of 0.54%. This variant is only very weakly correlated (r(2) </= 0.06) with previously reported risk variants at 8q24, and its association remains significant after adjustment for all known risk-associated variants. Carriers of rs188140481[A] were diagnosed with prostate cancer 1.26 years younger than non-carriers (P = 0.0059). We also report results  for a previously described HOXB13 variant (rs138213197[T]), confirming it as a prostate cancer risk variant in populations from across Europe.

 

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[10]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind, Vehicle Controlled, Multicenter Phase IIb  Clinical Trial of the Pore Forming Protein PRX302 for Targeted Treatment of Symptomatic Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Urol. 2012 Nov 7. pii: S0022-5347(12)05468-7. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.11.003.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.juro.2012.11.003

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Elhilali MM; Pommerville P; Yocum RC; Merchant R; Roehrborn CG; Denmeade SR

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec. Electronic address: mostafa.elhilali@muhc.mcgill.ca.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: We conducted a safety and efficacy evaluation of intraprostatic injection of PRX302, a modified pore forming protein (proaerolysin) activated by  prostate specific antigen, as a highly targeted, localized approach to treat lower urinary tract symptoms due to benign prostatic hyperplasia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 92 patients with I-PSS (International Prostate Symptom Score) 15 or greater, peak urine flow 12 ml or less per second and prostate volume 30 to 100 ml were randomized 2:1 to a single ultrasound guided intraprostatic injection of PRX302 vs vehicle (placebo) in this phase IIb double-blind study. Injection was 20% of prostate volume and 0.6 mug PRX302 per gm prostate. Peak urine flow was determined by a blinded reviewer. Benign prostatic hyperplasia medications were prohibited. The primary data set of efficacy evaluable patients (73) was analyzed using last observation carried forward. RESULTS: PRX302 treatment resulted in an approximate 9-point reduction in I-PSS and 3 ml per second increase in peak urine flow that were statistically significant changes from baseline compared to vehicle. Efficacy was sustained for 12 months. Early withdrawal for other benign prostatic hyperplasia treatment was more common for patients in the vehicle group. Relative to vehicle, PRX302 apparent toxicity was  mild, transient, and limited to local discomfort/pain and irritative urinary symptoms occurring in the first few days, with no effect on erectile function. CONCLUSIONS: A single administration of PRX302 as a short, outpatient based procedure was well tolerated in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms due to benign prostatic hyperplasia. PRX302 produced clinically meaningful and statistically significant improvement in patient subjective (I-PSS) and quantitative objective (peak urine flow) measures sustained for 12 months. The side effect profile is favorable with most effects attributed to the injection itself and not related to drug toxicity.

 

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[11]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Quality of life in men with locally advanced prostate cancer treated with leuprorelin and radiotherapy with or without zoledronic acid (TROG 03.04 RADAR):  secondary endpoints from a randomised phase 3 factorial trial.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Lancet Oncol. 2012 Dec;13(12):1260-70. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(12)70423-0. Epub 2012 Nov 12.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/S1470-2045(12)70423-0

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Denham JW; Wilcox C; Joseph D; Spry NA; Lamb DS; Tai KH; Matthews J; Atkinson C; Turner S; Christie D; Gogna NK; Kenny L; Duchesne G; Delahunt B; McElduff P

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia. jim.denham@newcastle.edu.au

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Adjuvant androgen suppression and bisphosphonates with escalating doses of radiotherapy might improve efficacy outcomes in men with locally advanced prostate cancer. In this study, we investigated whether these treatments had a detrimental effect on patient-reported-outcome (PRO) scores. METHODS: We undertook a phase 3 trial with a 2x2 factorial design in 23 centres in Australia  and New Zealand in men with non-metastatic adenocarcinoma of the prostate (stage  T2b-4 or T2a, Gleason score >/=7, and baseline prostate-specific antigen concentration [PSA] >/=10 mug/L), and without previous lymph node or systemic metastases or comorbidities that could reduce life expectancy to less than 5 years. The men were randomly assigned in a 1:1:1:1 ratio to 6 months of neoadjuvant (short-term) androgen suppression (STAS) with leuprorelin (22.5 mg every 3 months, intramuscularly) or an additional 12 months (intermediate-term androgen suppression [ITAS]) of leuprorelin with or without 18 months of zoledronic acid (4 mg every 3 months, intravenously). Study drug administration commenced at randomisation after which radiotherapy started within the fifth month in all groups. Treatment allocation was open-label, and computer-generated  randomisation, stratified by centre, baseline concentrations of PSA, clinical stage of the tumour, Gleason score, and use of a brachytherapy boost, was done by use of the minimisation technique. PRO scores were calculated from European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer quality-of-life and prostate-specific quality-of-life module questionnaires and compared with multiple regression models at baseline, and end of radiotherapy, and 18 months and 36 months according to group and radiation dose. The trial is ongoing and the primary endpoint, prostate-cancer-specific mortality, will be reported in 2014. This study is the final report of PRO scores (a secondary endpoint). Analysis was by intention to treat. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00193856. FINDINGS: 1071 men were randomly assigned to STAS (n=268), STAS plus zoledronic acid (n=268), ITAS (n=268), and ITAS plus zoledronic acid (n=267). At  the end of radiotherapy, significant detrimental changes in PRO scores (p<0.01) occurred in all groups. There were no significant differences in global health status between groups at any timepoint. At 18 months, PROs that were significantly worse in the ITAS groups when compared with STAS were hormone-treatment-related symptoms (HTRS; STAS, 10.20 [95% CI 8.66-11.75]; ITAS,  17.36 [13.63-21.08], p<0.01; and ITAS plus zoledronic acid, 19.14 [15.43-22.85],  p<0.01), sexual activity (STAS, 26.38 [23.50-29.27]; ITAS, 14.40 [7.44-21.36], p<0.01; and ITAS plus zoledronic acid, 16.34 [9.39-23.28], p<0.01), social function (STAS, 90.31 [87.89-92.73]; ITAS, 87.35 [81.52-93.18], p=0.09; and ITAS  plus zoledronic acid, 83.66 [77.85-89.48], p<0.01), fatigue (STAS, 17.05 [14.58-19.51]; ITAS 24.52 [18.58-30.46], p<0.01; and ITAS plus zoledronic acid, 24.26 [18.33-30.18], p<0.01), and financial problems (STAS, 3.39 [1.29-5.48]; ITAS, 8.97 [3.92-14.02], p<0.01; and ITAS plus zoledronic acid, 8.92 [3.89-13.96], p<0.01). With the exception of HTRS, in which marginal differences  remained, persisting significant differences disappeared by 36 months. Other factors associated with significant detrimental changes in PRO scores were a brachytherapy boost, incomplete testosterone and haemoglobin recoveries, age, and smoking. INTERPRETATION: Compared with 6 months of androgen suppression, 18 months of androgen suppression causes additional detrimental changes at the 18 month follow-up in some PRO scores but not in global quality-of-life scores. However, with the exception of HTRS, these differences resolved by 36 months. The use of zoledronic acid every 3 months over 18 months does not result in additional detrimental changes, but the use of a brachytherapy boost to achieve radiation dose escalation in the prostate can adversely affect emotional function and financial problems. FUNDING: National Health and Medical Research Council of  Australia, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Australia, Abbott Pharmaceuticals Australia,  New Zealand Health Research Council, New Zealand Cancer Society, University of Newcastle (Australia), Hunter Medical Research Institute, Calvary Mater Radiation Oncology Fund, and Maitland Cancer Appeal.

 

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[12]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Characterization of the EZH2-MMSET histone methyltransferase regulatory axis in cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Mol Cell. 2013 Jan 10;49(1):80-93. doi: 10.1016/j.molcel.2012.10.008. Epub 2012 Nov 15.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.molcel.2012.10.008

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Asangani IA; Ateeq B; Cao Q; Dodson L; Pandhi M; Kunju LP; Mehra R; Lonigro RJ; Siddiqui J; Palanisamy N; Wu YM; Cao X; Kim JH; Zhao M; Qin ZS; Iyer MK; Maher CA; Kumar-Sinha C; Varambally S; Chinnaiyan AM

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Histone methyltransferases (HMTases), as chromatin modifiers, regulate the transcriptomic landscape in normal development as well in diseases such as cancer. Here, we molecularly order two HMTases, EZH2 and MMSET, that have established genetic links to oncogenesis. EZH2, which mediates histone H3K27 trimethylation and is associated with gene silencing, was shown to be coordinately expressed and function upstream of MMSET, which mediates H3K36 dimethylation and is associated with active transcription. We found that the EZH2-MMSET HMTase axis is coordinated by a microRNA network and that the oncogenic functions of EZH2 require MMSET activity. Together, these results suggest that the EZH2-MMSET HMTase axis coordinately functions as a master regulator of transcriptional repression, activation, and oncogenesis and may represent an attractive therapeutic target in cancer.

 

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[13]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Regulation of mitochondrial oxidative metabolism by tumor suppressor FLCN.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Natl Cancer Inst. 2012 Nov 21;104(22):1750-64. doi: 10.1093/jnci/djs418. Epub 2012 Nov 12.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1093/jnci/djs418

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Hasumi H; Baba M; Hasumi Y; Huang Y; Oh H; Hughes RM; Klein ME; Takikita S; Nagashima K; Schmidt LS; Linehan WM

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Urologic Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, 10 Center Dr, MSC 1107, CRC  Rm 1-5940W, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Birt-Hogg-Dube (BHD) syndrome is a hereditary hamartoma syndrome that predisposes patients to develop hair follicle tumors, lung cysts, and kidney cancer. Genetic studies of BHD patients have uncovered the causative gene, FLCN,  but its function is incompletely understood. METHODS: Mice with conditional alleles of FLCN and/or peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PPARGC1A), a transcriptional coactivator that regulates mitochondrial biogenesis, were crossbred with mice harboring either muscle creatine kinase (CKM) -Cre or myogenin (MYOG) -Cre transgenes to knock out FLCN and/or PPARGC1A in muscle, or cadherin 16 (CDH16)- Cre transgenes to knock out FLCN and/or PPARGC1A in kidney. Real-time polymerase chain reaction, immunoblotting, electron microscopy, and metabolic profiling assay were performed to evaluate mitochondrial biogenesis and function in muscle. Immunoblotting, electron microscopy, and histological analysis were used to investigate expression and the pathological role of PPARGC1A in FLCN-deficient kidney. Real-time polymerase chain reaction, oxygen consumption measurement, and flow cytometry were carried out using a FLCN-null kidney cancer cell line. All statistical analyses were two-sided. RESULTS: Muscle-targeted FLCN knockout mice  underwent a pronounced metabolic shift toward oxidative phosphorylation, including increased mitochondrial biogenesis (FLCN ( f/f ) vs FLCN ( f/f ) /CKM-Cre: % mitochondrial area mean = 7.8% vs 17.8%; difference = 10.0%; 95% confidence interval = 5.7% to 14.3%; P < .001), and the observed increase in mitochondrial biogenesis was PPARGC1A dependent. Reconstitution of FLCN-null kidney cancer cells with wild-type FLCN suppressed mitochondrial metabolism and PPARGC1A expression. Kidney-targeted PPARGC1A inactivation partially rescued the  enlarged kidney phenotype and abrogated the hyperplastic cells observed in the FLCN-deficient kidney. CONCLUSION: FLCN deficiency and subsequent increased PPARGC1A expression result in increased mitochondrial function and oxidative metabolism as the source of cellular energy, which may give FLCN-null kidney cells a growth advantage and drive hyperplastic transformation.

 

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[14]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D(3) and bladder cancer risk according to tumor stage and FGFR3 status: a mechanism-based epidemiological study.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Natl Cancer Inst. 2012 Dec 19;104(24):1897-904. doi: 10.1093/jnci/djs444. Epub  2012 Oct 29.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1093/jnci/djs444

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Amaral AF; Mendez-Pertuz M; Munoz A; Silverman DT; Allory Y; Kogevinas M; Lloreta J; Rothman N; Carrato A; Rivas del Fresno M; Real FX; Malats N

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, España.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Previous evidence suggests that 25-hydroxyvitamin D(3) [25(OH)D(3)] protects against several cancers. However, little is known regarding urothelial bladder cancer (UBC). We analyzed the association between plasma 25(OH)D(3) and overall risk of UBC, as well as according to stage and FGFR3 molecular subphenotypes. METHODS: Plasma concentrations of 25(OH)D(3) in 1125 cases with UBC and 1028 control subjects were determined by a chemiluminescence immunoassay. FGFR3 mutational status and expression in tumor tissue were assessed. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by logistic regression adjusting for potential confounders. Analyses were further stratified by tumor invasiveness and grade, FGFR3 expression, and smoking status. Cell proliferation  was measured in human UBC cell lines cultured with 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3). RESULTS: A statistically significantly increased risk of UBC was observed among subjects presenting the lowest concentrations of 25(OH)D(3) (OR(adj) = 1.83; 95% CI = 1.19 to 2.82; P = .006), showing a dose-response effect (P (trend) = .004). The association was stronger for patients with muscle-invasive tumors, especially among low-FGFR3 expressers (OR(adj) = 5.94; 95% CI = 1.72 to 20.45; P  = .005). The biological plausibility of these associations is supported by the fact that, in vitro, 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) upregulates FGFR3 expression in UBC cell lines with low levels of wild-type FGFR3. CONCLUSION: These findings  support a role of vitamin D in the pathogenesis of UBC and show that 25(OH)D(3) levels are associated with FGFR3 expression in the tumor. Because FGFR3 mutation  and overexpression are markers of better outcome, our findings suggest that individuals with low levels of plasma 25(OH)D(3) may be at high risk of more aggressive forms of UBC.

 

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[15]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - A unique galectin signature in human prostate cancer progression suggests galectin-1 as a key target for treatment of advanced disease.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Cancer Res. 2013 Jan 1;73(1):86-96. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-12-1260. Epub 2012 Oct 29.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1158/0008-5472.CAN-12-1260

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Laderach DJ; Gentilini LD; Giribaldi L; Delgado VC; Nugnes L; Croci DO; Al Nakouzi N; Sacca P; Casas G; Mazza O; Shipp MA; Vazquez E; Chauchereau A; Kutok JL; Rodig SJ; Elola MT; Compagno D; Rabinovich GA

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Laboratorio de Glicomica Estructural y Funcional, IQUIBICEN-CONICET, Departamento de Quimica Biologica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina. diegoladerach@qb.fcen.uba.ar

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Galectins, a family of glycan-binding proteins, influence tumor progression by modulating interactions between tumor, endothelial, stromal, and immune cells. Despite considerable progress in identifying the roles of individual galectins in tumor biology, an integrated portrait of the galectin network in different tumor  microenvironments is still missing. We undertook this study to analyze the “galectin signature” of the human prostate cancer microenvironment with the overarching goal of selecting novel-molecular targets for prognostic and therapeutic purposes. In examining androgen-responsive and castration-resistant prostate cancer cells and primary tumors representing different stages of the disease, we found that galectin-1 (Gal-1) was the most abundantly expressed galectin in prostate cancer tissue and was markedly upregulated during disease progression. In contrast, all other galectins were expressed at lower levels: Gal-3, -4, -9, and -12 were downregulated during disease evolution, whereas expression of Gal-8 was unchanged. Given the prominent regulation of Gal-1 during prostate cancer progression and its predominant localization at the tumor-vascular interface, we analyzed the potential role of this endogenous lectin in prostate cancer angiogenesis. In human prostate cancer tissue arrays, Gal-1 expression correlated with the presence of blood vessels, particularly in advanced stages of the disease. Silencing Gal-1 in prostate cancer cells reduced  tumor vascularization without altering expression of other angiogenesis-related genes. Collectively, our findings identify a dynamically regulated “galectin-specific signature” that accompanies disease evolution in prostate cancer, and they highlight a major role for Gal-1 as a tractable target for antiangiogenic therapy in advanced stages of the disease.

 

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[16]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Improvement in overall survival of patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma: prognostic factor trend analysis from an international data set of clinical trials.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Urol. 2012 Dec;188(6):2095-100. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.08.026. Epub 2012 Oct  18.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.juro.2012.08.026

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Patil S; Manola J; Elson P; Negrier S; Escudier B; Eisen T; Atkins M; Bukowski R; Motzer RJ

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Memorial-Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA. patils@mskcc.org

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: We assessed temporal shifts in the frequency of risk factors for patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma in a multicenter, international data set. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An international database of 3,748 patients treated with systemic therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma from 1975 to 2002 was constructed by pooling clinical trial data. Proportions of previously identified risk factors were examined during 6 specified time cohorts. Overall survival for each cohort was examined using the Kaplan-Meier method. Trends in overall survival from 1973 to 2008 were also examined in 25,271 patients from the SEER (Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results) database. RESULTS: Median overall survival from start of treatment increased with each consecutive time cohort group. In the earliest cohort median overall survival was 0.5 years (95% CI 0.43-0.57), which increased to 1.63 years (95% CI 1.28-1.79) in 2001 to 2002.  More patients had a history of nephrectomy in the most recent cohort (p = 0.001). The proportion of patients with low performance status, high lactate dehydrogenase and high adjusted calcium decreased by study entry year (each p <0.01). Analysis of overall survival from the SEER database showed similar improvement in the more contemporary diagnosis cohorts (p <0.001). Two-year overall survival in the earliest and latest diagnosis cohort was 14% (95% CI 13-14) and 22% (95% CI 21-24), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Higher representation of favorable risk factors in recent years may have partly contributed to the improvement in overall survival observed in more recent metastatic renal cell carcinoma clinical trials. These shifts could affect the outcome interpretation.

 

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[17]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Clinical decisions. Prostate cancer screening—polling results.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - N Engl J Med. 2012 Oct 25;367(17):e25. doi: 10.1056/NEJMclde1212034.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1056/NEJMclde1212034

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Colbert JA; Adler JN

 

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[18]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Prognostic importance of Gleason 7 disease among patients treated with external beam radiation therapy for prostate cancer: results of a detailed biopsy core analysis.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2013 Apr 1;85(5):1254-61. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2012.10.013. Epub 2012 Nov 20.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.ijrobp.2012.10.013

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Spratt DE; Zumsteg Z; Ghadjar P; Pangasa M; Pei X; Fine SW; Yamada Y; Kollmeier M; Zelefsky MJ

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: To analyze the effect of primary Gleason (pG) grade among a large cohort of Gleason 7 prostate cancer patients treated with external beam radiation therapy (EBRT). METHODS AND MATERIALS: From May 1989 to January 2011, 1190 Gleason 7 patients with localized prostate cancer were treated with EBRT at a single institution. Of these patients, 613 had a Gleason 7 with a minimum of a sextant biopsy with nonfragmented cores and full biopsy core details available, including number of cores of cancer involved, percentage individual core involvement, location of disease, bilaterality, and presence of perineural invasion. Median follow-up was 6 years (range, 1-16 years). The prognostic implication for the following outcomes was analyzed: biochemical recurrence-free  survival (bRFS), distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS), and prostate cancer-specific mortality (PCSM). RESULTS: The 8-year bRFS rate for pG3 versus pG4 was 77.6% versus 61.3% (P<.0001), DMFS was 96.8% versus 84.3% (P<.0001), and  PCSM was 3.7% versus 8.1% (P=.002). On multivariate analysis, pG4 predicted for significantly worse outcome in all parameters. Location of disease (apex, base, mid-gland), perineural involvement, maximum individual core involvement, and the  number of Gleason 3+3, 3+4, or 4+3 cores did not predict for distant metastases.  CONCLUSIONS: Primary Gleason grade 4 independently predicts for worse bRFS, DMFS, and PCSM among Gleason 7 patients. Using complete core information can allow clinicians to utilize pG grade as a prognostic factor, despite not having the full pathologic details from a prostatectomy specimen. Future staging and risk grouping should investigate the incorporation of primary Gleason grade when complete biopsy core information is used.

 

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[19]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Sertoli cell-specific expression of metastasis-associated protein 2 (MTA2) is required for transcriptional regulation of the follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) gene during spermatogenesis.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Biol Chem. 2012 Nov 23;287(48):40471-83. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M112.383802. Epub 2012 Oct 18.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1074/jbc.M112.383802

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Zhang S; Li W; Zhu C; Wang X; Li Z; Zhang J; Zhao J; Hu J; Li T; Zhang Y

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Human Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Desensitization of FSH response by down-regulation of FSHR transcription is critical for FSH action. RESULTS: Chromatin modifier MTA2 participates in the down-regulation of FSHR transcription. CONCLUSION: The FSH/Ar/MTA2 cascade may serve as an indispensable negative feedback mechanism to  modulate FSH transduction events in Sertoli cells. SIGNIFICANCE: Our findings provide new insights into mechanisms by which FSH is deregulated in male infertile patients. The effect of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) on spermatogenesis is modulated at a fundamental level by controlling the number of  competent receptors present at the surface of Sertoli cells (SCs). One underlying mechanism is the down-regulation of the expression levels of the FSH receptor (FSHR) gene after exposure to FSH. Here we report that metastasis-associated protein 2 (MTA2), a component of histone deacetylase and nucleosome-remodeling complexes, as a gene product induced directly by testosterone or indirectly by FSH, is exclusively expressed in SCs. Stimulation of SCs with FSH is accompanied  by up-regulation of MTA2 expression and enhancement of deacetylase activity. This effect requires the integrity of functional androgen receptor. Furthermore, MTA2  is a potent corepressor of FSHR transcription, because it can recruit histone deacetylase-1 onto the FSHR promoter and participates in the down-regulation of FSHR expression upon FSH treatment. Abolishment of endogenous MTA2 by siRNA treatment disrupted the desensitization of the FSH response and thereafter impaired the FSH-dependent secretory function of SCs. From a clinical standpoint, deregulated expression of MTA2 in SCs of human pathological testes negatively correlates to the deregulated level of serum FSH. Overall, our present results provide the first evidence that the FSH/androgen receptor/MTA2 cascade may serve  as an indispensable negative feedback mechanism to modulate the transduction events of SCs in response to FSH. These data also underscore an unexpected reproductive facet of MTA2, which may operate as a novel integrator linking synergistic actions of FSH and androgen signaling in SCs.

 

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[20]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Protease nexin 1 inhibits hedgehog signaling in prostate adenocarcinoma.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Clin Invest. 2012 Nov 1;122(11):4025-36. doi: 10.1172/JCI59348. Epub 2012 Oct 8.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1172/JCI59348

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - McKee CM; Xu D; Cao Y; Kabraji S; Allen D; Kersemans V; Beech J; Smart S; Hamdy F; Ishkanian A; Sykes J; Pintile M; Milosevic M; van der Kwast T; Zafarana G; Ramnarine VR; Jurisica I; Mallof C; Lam W; Bristow RG; Muschel RJ

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Gray Institute of Radiation Oncology and Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Prostate adenocarcinoma (CaP) patients are classified into low-, intermediate-, and high-risk groups that reflect relative survival categories. While there are accepted treatment regimens for low- and high-risk patients, intermediate-risk patients pose a clinical dilemma, as treatment outcomes are highly variable for these individuals. A better understanding of the factors that regulate the progression of CaP is required to delineate risk. For example, aberrant activation of the Hedgehog (Hh) pathway is implicated in CaP progression. Here, we identify the serine protease inhibitor protease nexin 1 (PN1) as a negative regulator of Hh signaling in prostate. Using human CaP cell lines and a mouse xenograft model of CaP, we demonstrate that PN1 regulates Hh signaling by decreasing protein levels of the Hh ligand Sonic (SHH) and its downstream effectors. Furthermore, we show that SHH expression enhanced tumor growth while overexpression of PN1 inhibited tumor growth and angiogenesis in mice. Finally, using comparative genome hybridization, we found that genetic alterations in Hh pathway genes correlated with worse clinical outcomes in intermediate-risk CaP patients, indicating the importance of this pathway in CaP.

 

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[21]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Re: Antitumor activity and safety of tivozanib (AV-951) in a phase II randomized  discontinuation trial in patients with renal cell carcinoma.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Urol. 2012 Dec;188(6):2149-50. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.08.170. Epub 2012 Oct 18.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.juro.2012.08.170

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Taneja SS

 

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[22]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Probability of metachronous testicular cancer in patients with biopsy-proven intratubular germ cell neoplasia depends on first-time treatment of germ cell cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Clin Oncol. 2012 Nov 10;30(32):4004-10. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2011.40.8914. Epub 2012 Oct 15.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1200/JCO.2011.40.8914

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Brabrand S; Fossa SD; Cvancarova M; Axcrona U; Lehne G

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Oslo Universitetssykehus HF, Radiumhospitalet, Postboks 4953 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo,  Norway. sigmund.brabrand@medisin.uio.no

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: To evaluate the probability of subsequent testicular cancer (STC) in patients with intratubular germ cell neoplasia unclassified (IGCNU) treated for first-time invasive germ cell cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Sixty-one patients with germ cell testicular cancer or extragonadal germ cell cancer received follow-up from diagnosis of IGCNU to development of STC, initiation of IGCNU-definitive treatment (orchiectomy/radiotherapy), emigration, death, or end  of follow-up. The probability of STC was assessed in subgroups according to chemotherapy burden. RESULTS: The probability of STC in the nonexposed patients was significantly increased compared with those exposed to chemotherapy (P = .05; 5-year probability of 54% [95% CI, 33% to 78%] and 23% [95% CI, 11% to 45%], respectively). In the group of patients treated with one to three cycles or no chemotherapy, the probability of STC was significantly increased compared with those exposed to four or more cycles (P = .03; 5-year probability of 42% [95% CI, 27% to 62%] and 22% [95% CI, 8% to 54%], respectively). Twenty-two of 22 patients were tumor-free and alive at a median of 56 months (range, 2 to 184 months) after diagnosis of STC. CONCLUSION: Platinum-based chemotherapy may reduce the probability of STC in patients with IGCNU, particularly in those treated with four or more cycles of chemotherapy. A watch-and-wait strategy for patients with  IGCNU may be justified in selected patients with future plans for paternity.

 

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[23]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Re: Two phase 2 trials of the novel Akt inhibitor perifosine in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma after progression on vascular endothelial growth factor-targeted therapy.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Urol. 2012 Dec;188(6):2147-8. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.08.168. Epub 2012 Oct 18.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.juro.2012.08.168

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Taneja SS

 

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[24]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - SnapShot: Bone Metastasis.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Cell. 2012 Oct 26;151(3):690-690.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2012.10.005.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.cell.2012.10.005

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Ell B; Kang Y

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.

 

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[25]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Endogenous Nodal signaling regulates germ cell potency during mammalian testis development.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Development. 2012 Nov;139(22):4123-32. doi: 10.1242/dev.083006. Epub 2012 Oct 3.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1242/dev.083006

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Spiller CM; Feng CW; Jackson A; Gillis AJ; Rolland AD; Looijenga LH; Koopman P; Bowles J

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Germ cells, the embryonic precursors of sperm or oocytes, respond to molecular cues that regulate their sex-specific development in the fetal gonads. In males in particular, the balance between continued proliferation and cell fate commitment is crucial: defects in proliferation result in insufficient spermatogonial stem cells for fertility, but escape from commitment and prolonged pluripotency can cause testicular germ cell tumors. However, the factors that regulate this balance remain unidentified. Here, we show that signaling by the TGFbeta morphogen Nodal and its co-receptor Cripto is active during a crucial window of male germ cell development. The Nodal pathway is triggered when somatic signals, including FGF9, induce testicular germ cells to upregulate Cripto. Germ  cells of mutant mice with compromised Nodal signaling showed premature differentiation, reduced pluripotency marker expression and a reduced ability to  form embryonic germ (EG) cell colonies in vitro. Conversely, human testicular tumors showed upregulation of NODAL and CRIPTO that was proportional to invasiveness and to the number of malignant cells. Thus, Nodal signaling provides a molecular control mechanism that regulates male germ cell potency in normal development and testicular cancer.

 

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[26]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - NFkappaB signalling is upregulated in a subset of castrate-resistant prostate cancer patients and correlates with disease progression.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Br J Cancer. 2012 Oct 23;107(9):1554-63. doi: 10.1038/bjc.2012.372.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1038/bjc.2012.372

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - McCall P; Bennett L; Ahmad I; Mackenzie LM; Forbes IW; Leung HY; Sansom OJ; Orange C; Seywright M; Underwood MA; Edwards J

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Unit of Experimental therapeutics, Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ UK. pamela.mccall@glasgow.ac.uk

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Cell line models suggest that activation of NFkappaB is associated with progression of prostate cancer. This pathway may be a therapeutic target if  these observations translate to clinical specimens. METHODS: Immunohistochemistry measured NFkappaBp65 (p65), NFkappaBp65 nuclear localisation signal (NLS), NFkappaBp65 phosphorylated at ser 276 (p65(ser276)), NFkappaBp65 phosphorylated at ser 536 (p65(ser536)), IkappaBalpha phosphorylated at ser 32/36 (pIkappaBalpha(ser32/36)) and MMP-9 protein expression in 61 matched hormone naive prostate cancer (HNPC) and castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) tumours. Animal and cell models were used to investigate the role of NFkappaB inhibition in prostate carcinogenesis. RESULTS: In HNPC tumours, NLS expression significantly associated with a shorter time to disease recurrence and disease-specific death. In CRPC tumours p65, pIkappaBalpha(ser32/36) and MMP-9 expression significantly associated with shorter time to death from disease recurrence and shorter disease-specific death. MMP-9 and pIkappaBalpha(ser32/36)  expression significantly associated with metastases at recurrence and were independent of Gleason sum and prostate-specific antigen at recurrence. Expression of phosphorylated Akt was associated with increased p65 activation in  mouse models and inhibition of NFkappaB in LNCaP cells significantly reduced cellular proliferation and induced apoptosis. CONCLUSION: These results provide further evidence that the NFkappaB pathway could be exploited as a target for CRPC.

 

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[27]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - TNF-alpha-mediated NF-kappaB survival signaling impairment by cisplatin enhances  JNK activation allowing synergistic apoptosis of renal proximal tubular cells.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Biochem Pharmacol. 2013 Jan 15;85(2):274-86. doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2012.10.012. Epub 2012 Oct 24.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.bcp.2012.10.012

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Benedetti G; Fredriksson L; Herpers B; Meerman J; van de Water B; de Graauw M

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Division of Toxicology, Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, The Netherlands.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity is an important limiting factor for cisplatin use. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is known to contribute to cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity by inducing an inflammatory process aggravating  the primary injury, thereby resulting in acute kidney injury (AKI). The present study investigates the pathways synergistically activated by cisplatin and TNF-alpha responsible for TNF-alpha-enhanced cisplatin-induced renal cell injury. To do so, immortalized renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (IM-PTECs) were co-treated with TNF-alpha and cisplatin. Under these conditions, cisplatin induced dose-dependent apoptosis in IM-PTECs, which was significantly enhanced by TNF-alpha. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that cisplatin inhibited the typical  TNF-alpha response and cisplatin/TNF-alpha treatment up-regulated cell death pathways while it down-regulated survival pathways compared to cisplatin alone. In concordance, the gene expression levels of kidney injury markers combined with activation of specific inflammatory mediators were enhanced by cisplatin/TNF-alpha treatment, resembling the in vivo cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity response. Furthermore, combined cisplatin/TNF-alpha treatment inhibited NF-kappaB nuclear translocation and NF-kappaB-mediated gene transcription leading to enhanced and prolonged JNK and c-Jun phosphorylation. JNK sustained activation further inhibited NF-kappaB signaling via a feedback loop mechanism. This led to an alteration in the transcription of the NF-kappaB-induced anti-apoptotic genes c-IAP2, Bcl-XL, Bruce and Bcl2 and pro-apoptotic genes Bfk and Xaf1 and consequently to sensitization of the IM-PTECs toward cisplatin/TNF-alpha-induced toxicity. In conclusion, our findings support a model whereby renal cells exposed to both cisplatin and TNF-alpha switch into a more pro-apoptotic and inflammatory program by altering their NF-kappaB/JNK/c-Jun balance.

 

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[28]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Sprouty genes function in suppression of prostate tumorigenesis.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012 Dec 4;109(49):20023-8. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1217204109. Epub 2012 Nov 13.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1073/pnas.1217204109

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Schutzman JL; Martin GR

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Departments of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Expression of Sprouty genes is frequently decreased or absent in human prostate cancer, implicating them as suppressors of tumorigenesis. Here we show they function in prostate tumor suppression in the mouse. Concomitant inactivation of  Spry1 and Spry2 in prostate epithelium causes ductal hyperplasia and low-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN). However, when Spry1 and Spry2 loss-of-function occurs in the context of heterozygosity for a null allele of the tumor suppressor gene Pten, there is a striking increase in PIN and evidence of neoplastic invasion. Conversely, expression of a Spry2 gain-of-function transgene in Pten null prostatic epithelium suppresses the tumorigenic effects of loss of Pten function. We show that Sprouty gene loss-of-function results in hyperactive  RAS/ERK1/2 signaling throughout the prostate epithelium and cooperates with heterozygosity for a Pten null allele to promote hyperactive PI3K/AKT signaling.  Furthermore, Spry2 gain-of-function can suppress hyperactivation of AKT caused by the absence of PTEN. Together, these results point to a key genetic interaction between Sprouty genes and Pten in prostate tumorigenesis and provide strong evidence that Sprouty genes can function to modulate signaling via the RAS/ERK1/2 and PI3K/AKT pathways. The finding that Sprouty genes suppress tumorigenesis caused by Pten loss-of-function suggests that therapeutic approaches aimed at restoring normal feedback mechanisms triggered by receptor tyrosine kinase signaling, including Sprouty gene expression, may provide an effective strategy to delay or prevent high-grade PIN and invasive prostate cancer.

 

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[29]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Tumor-associated stromal cells expressing E-prostanoid 2 or 3 receptors in prostate cancer: correlation with tumor aggressiveness and outcome by angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Urology. 2013 Jan;81(1):136-42. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2012.08.014. Epub 2012 Nov 11.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.urology.2012.08.014

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Miyata Y; Ohba K; Matsuo T; Watanabe S; Hayashi T; Sakai H; Kanetake H

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Nephro-urology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, and Department of Pathology, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan. int.doc.miya@m3.dion.ne.jp

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - OBJECTIVE: To clarify the detailed pathologic roles of prostaglandin E(2) in prostate cancer tissues, the present study investigated the clinical significance and prognostic roles of the density of tumor-associated stromal cells expressing  specific receptors for prostaglandin E2, termed “E-prostanoid (EP)1-4 receptors (EP1R-4Rs).” METHODS: The expression of each receptor was immunohistochemically examined in 114 formalin-fixed biopsy specimens. Correlations with clinicopathologic features were investigated in these specimens. Angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis were measured by the percentage of CD34-stained vessels (microvessel density) and D2-40-stained vessels (lymph vessel density). The relationships between the density of each EPR-stained cells and the microvessel density or lymph vessel density were evaluated in 62 prostate cancer tissues obtained by radical surgery for more detailed analysis in a wider area of prostate cancer tissue. RESULTS: The density of tumor-associated cells with EP2R  expression was positively associated with the N (P<.001) and M (P=.002) stages. Similarly, EP3R-positive stromal cell density was significantly associated with the N (P=.033) and M (P=.026) stages. The density of EP2R- and EP3R-stained cells correlated with the microvessel density (r=0.42, P<.001) and lymph vessel density (r=0.36, P=.012), respectively. A greater density of EP2R-stained cells was recognized as an independent predictor of progression (hazard ratio 7.26, P=.002) on multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION: EP2R- and EP3R-stained cells might play important roles in tumor progression, angiogenesis, and lymphangiogenesis in prostate cancer. The density of EP2R-stained stromal cells could offer a useful predictor of biochemical recurrence after radical surgery.

 

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[30]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - A prospective, randomized clinical trial comparing plasmakinetic resection of the prostate with holmium laser enucleation of the prostate based on a 2-year followup.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Urol. 2013 Jan;189(1):217-22. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.08.087. Epub 2012 Nov 20.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.juro.2012.08.087

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Chen YB; Chen Q; Wang Z; Peng YB; Ma LM; Zheng DC; Cai ZK; Li WJ; Ma LH

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology and Andrology, Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: We compared plasmakinetic resection with holmium laser enucleation of the prostate for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia by analyzing 2-year followup data from a prospective randomized clinical trial. MATERIALS AND  METHODS: A total of 280 patients were randomly treated with plasmakinetic resection or holmium laser enucleation of the prostate. Perioperative and postoperative outcome data were obtained during a 2-year followup. RESULTS: No significant differences between the 2 surgical groups were observed in the preoperative data. Both groups displayed significant improvements after surgery.  However, we identified no significant differences between the 2 groups in the 2-year followup data for I-PSS (International Prostate Symptom Score), quality of life scores or maximum flow rate values. Patients in the holmium laser enucleation group displayed a lower risk of hemorrhage, shorter bladder irrigation and catheter times, and shorter hospital stays. A larger amount of prostate tissue was retrieved in the holmium laser enucleation group, but the operation time was longer for this group than for the plasmakinetic resection group. CONCLUSIONS: Plasmakinetic resection and holmium laser enucleation of the  prostate are effective and safe treatments for benign prostatic hyperplasia. Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate can be applied to prostates of all sizes, and involves less risk of hemorrhage, decreased bladder irrigation and catheter times, as well as reduced hospital stay. Thus, we believe holmium laser  enucleation of the prostate should be proposed as a potential new gold standard surgical therapy instead of transurethral resection of the prostate for patients  with benign prostatic hyperplasia.

 

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[31]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Epidermal growth factor promotes protein degradation of epithelial protein lost in neoplasm (EPLIN), a putative metastasis suppressor, during epithelial-mesenchymal transition.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Biol Chem. 2013 Jan 18;288(3):1469-79. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M112.438341. Epub 2012  Nov 27.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1074/jbc.M112.438341

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Zhang S; Wang X; Iqbal S; Wang Y; Osunkoya AO; Chen Z; Chen Z; Shin DM; Yuan H; Wang YA; Zhau HE; Chung LW; Ritenour C; Kucuk O; Wu D

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Aberrant expression of EGF receptors has been associated with hormone-refractory  and metastatic prostate cancer (PCa). However, the molecular mechanism for EGF signaling in promoting PCa metastasis remains elusive. Using experimental models  of PCa metastasis, we demonstrated that EGF could induce robust epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and increase invasiveness. Interestingly, EGF was found to be capable of promoting protein turnover of epithelial protein lost in neoplasm (EPLIN), a putative suppressor of EMT and tumor metastasis. Mechanistic study revealed that EGF could activate the phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and degradation of EPLIN through an extracellular signal-regulated kinase ½ (ERK1/2)-dependent signaling cascade. Pharmacological inhibition of the ERK1/2 pathway effectively antagonized EGF-induced EPLIN degradation. Two serine residues, i.e. serine 362 and serine 604, were identified as putative ERK1/2 phosphorylation sites in human EPLIN, whose point mutation rendered resistance to EGF-induced protein turnover. This study elucidated a novel molecular mechanism for EGF regulation of EMT and invasiveness in PCa cells, indicating that blockade of EGF signaling could be beneficial in preventing and retarding PCa metastasis at early stages.

 

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[32]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Dutasteride Treatment Over 2 Years Delays Prostate-specific Antigen Progression in Patients with Biochemical Failure After Radical Therapy for Prostate Cancer: Results from the Randomised, Placebo-controlled Avodart After Radical Therapy for Prostate Cancer Study (ARTS).

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Eur Urol. 2013 May;63(5):779-87. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2012.11.006. Epub 2012 Nov 12.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.eururo.2012.11.006

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Schroder F; Bangma C; Angulo JC; Alcaraz A; Colombel M; McNicholas T; Tammela TL; Nandy I; Castro R

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: secr.schroder@erasmusmc.nl.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Rising prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels after radical therapy are indicative of recurrent or residual prostate cancer (PCa). This biochemical recurrence typically predates clinically detectable metastatic disease by several years. Management of patients with biochemical recurrence is controversial. OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of dutasteride on progression of PCa in patients  with biochemical failure after radical therapy. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in 294 men from  64 centres across 9 European countries. INTERVENTION: The 5alpha-reductase inhibitor, dutasteride. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: The primary end point was time to PSA doubling from start of randomised treatment, analysed by log-rank test stratified by previous therapy and investigative-site cluster. Secondary end points included time to disease progression and the proportion of subjects with disease progression. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: Of the  294 subjects randomised (147 in each treatment group), 187 (64%) completed 24 mo  of treatment and 107 discontinued treatment prematurely (71 [48%] of the placebo  group, 36 [24%] of the dutasteride group). Dutasteride significantly delayed the  time to PSA doubling compared with placebo after 24 mo of treatment (p<0.001); the relative risk (RR) reduction was 66.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 50.35-76.90) for the overall study period. Dutasteride also significantly delayed disease progression (which included PSA- and non-PSA-related outcomes) compared with placebo (p<0.001); the overall RR reduction in favour of dutasteride was 59% (95% CI, 32.53-75.09). The incidence of adverse events (AEs), serious AEs, and AEs leading to study withdrawal were similar between the treatment groups. A limitation was that investigators were not blinded to PSA levels during the study. CONCLUSIONS: Dutasteride delayed the biochemical progression of PCa in patients with biochemical failure after radical therapy for clinically localised  disease. The safety and tolerability of dutasteride were generally consistent with previous experience. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT00558363.

 

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[33]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Words of wisdom. Re: Combined androgen deprivation therapy and radiation therapy  for locally advanced prostate cancer: a randomised, phase 3 trial.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Eur Urol. 2012 Nov;62(5):932-3. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2012.08.041.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.eururo.2012.08.041

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Saad F

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - University of Montreal Hospital Center, Montreal, Canada. fredsaad@videotron.ca

 

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[34]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - The effect of chemokine receptor gene polymorphisms (CCR2V64I, CCR5-59029G>A and  CCR5Delta32) on renal allograft survival in Pakistani transplant patients.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Gene. 2012 Dec 15;511(2):314-9. doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2012.09.099. Epub 2012 Oct 4.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.gene.2012.09.099

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Firasat S; Raza A; Abid A; Aziz T; Mubarak M; Naqvi SA; Rizvi SA; Mehdi SQ; Khaliq S

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Centre for Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Sindh Institute of Urology and  Transplantation, Karachi, Pakistan.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Gene polymorphisms of the chemokine receptors CCR2 and CCR5 (CCR2V64I, CCR5-59029G>A and CCR5Delta32) have been shown to be associated with renal allograft rejection. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of these polymorphisms with allograft rejection among Pakistani transplant patients. METHOD: A total of 606 renal transplant patients and an equal number of their donors were included in this study. DNA samples were used to amplify polymorphic regions of CCR2V64I, CCR5-59029G>A and CCR5Delta32 by polymerase chain reaction using sequence specific primers. The amplified products of CCRV64I and CCR5-59029G>A were digested with restriction enzymes (BsaB1 and Bsp12861) respectively. The CCR5Delta32 genotypes were determined by sizing the PCR amplicons. The association of these polymorphisms with the biopsy proven rejection and other clinical parameters was evaluated using the statistical software SPSS v.17. RESULTS: In this study, the G/G genotype of CCR2V64I was associated with a high frequency of allograft rejection (p=0.009; OR=2.14; 95% CI=1.2-3.7). Rejection episode(s) in the GA+AA genotypes were found to be significantly lower as compared to the GG genotype (p=0.009; OR=0.4; 95% CI=0.2-0.8). The Kaplan-Meier curve also indicated a reduced overall allograft survival for patients with the G/G genotype of CCR2V64I (59.2 +/- 1.4 weeks, log  p=0.008). There was a significant association with rejection by female donors possessing the CCR2 GG genotype (p=0.02; OR=2.6; CI=1.1-6.3) and male donors with the CCR5-59029 GG genotype (p=0.004; OR=1.7; CI=1.03-3.01). CONCLUSION: This study shows an association of the CCR2V64I (G/G) genotype with renal allograft rejection. However, no such association was found for the CCR5 gene polymorphisms. Therapeutic interventions such as blocking the CCR2 receptor (especially G polymorphism) may yield better survival of renal allograft in this  patient group. Further, chemokine receptors may be added to the spectrum of the immunogenetic factors that are known to be associated with renal allograft rejection.

 

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[35]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Early salvage radiation therapy combined with short-term hormonal therapy in recurrent prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy: single-institution 4-year  data on outcome, toxicity, health-related quality of life and co-morbidities from 184 consecutive patients treated with 70 Gy.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Int J Oncol. 2013 Jan;42(1):109-17. doi: 10.3892/ijo.2012.1694. Epub 2012 Nov 13.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 3892/ijo.2012.1694

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Cortes-Gonzalez JR; Castellanos E; Sandberg K; Eriksson MH; Wiklund P; Carlsson S; Cohn-Cedermark G; Harmenberg U; Gustafsson O; Levitt SH; Lennernas B; Brandberg Y; Marquez M; Kalkner KM; Nilsson S

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden. jeff.cortes-gonzalez@ki.se

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - The aim of this study was to investigate the role of 70 Gy salvage radiotherapy (SRT) combined with short-term neoadjuvant hormonal therapy (NHT) in the treatment of recurrent disease after radical prostatectomy (RP), and to consider  quality of life (QoL), survival outcomes and impact of co-morbidities on treatment-related rectal-genitourinary toxicity. Electronic records of 184 SRT patients treated consecutively between October 2001 and February 2007 were analyzed. Median age was 64 years (median follow-up 48 months). NHT was given to  165 patients (median 3 months). Pre-RP and pre-SRT PSA, PSA doubling time, Gleason score (GS), seminal vesicle invasion (SVI) and detectable post-SRT PSA were recorded. Any detectable PSA or PSA >0.1 ng/ml + nadir was considered biochemical failure (BcF). The Charlson co-morbidity index was used to correlate  co-morbidities and rectal-genitourinary toxicity. Scores from the health-related  QoL EORTC QLQ-C30 and PR-25 questionnaires were also evaluated. In 116 (63%) patients, a long-lasting curative effect was indicated by undetectable PSA levels. In univariate analysis, using BcF as an outcome variable, p<0.001 was found for GS, pre-SRT PSA, SVI and detectable post-SRT PSA. Multivariate analysis showed p=0.01 for SVI, p=0.09 for GS, and detectable post-SRT PSA (p=0.01); with  metastases as an outcome variable, only SVI was significant (p=0.007). Cancer-specific and overall survival were 99 and 95%, respectively. Although microscopy showed SVI or GS 8-10 in the prostatectomy specimens 17/40 (43%) and 13/29 (45%), respectively, of patients still showed undetectable PSA at long-term follow-up (median 55 months) after SRT. Likewise, 11/31 (36%) patients with pre-SRT PSA >1.0 ng/ml and 80/134 (60%) patients with PSA doubling time (PSADT) <10 still showed undetectable PSA after 50 months. Slightly elevated acute and late rectal-genitourinary grade 3-4 toxicity was observed. No association with co-morbidity/toxicity was found. EORTC QLQ-C30 scores were similar to or slightly better than reference values. SRT with 70 Gy combined with 3-month NHT results in long-term undetectable PSA in >50% of patients with recurrence after RP with acceptable rectal-genitourinary toxicity and without negatively affecting long-term QoL. Non-metastatic patients should not be disqualified from receiving  SRT although presenting with poor prognostic factors at surgery.

 

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[36]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Levels of a subpopulation of platelets, but not circulating endothelial cells, predict early treatment failure in prostate cancer patients after prostatectomy.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Br J Cancer. 2012 Oct 23;107(9):1564-73. doi: 10.1038/bjc.2012.439. Epub 2012 Oct 9.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1038/bjc.2012.439

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Wong CK; Namdarian B; Chua J; Chin X; Speirs R; Nguyen T; Fankhauser M; Pedersen J; Costello AJ; Corcoran NM; Hovens CM

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre at Epworth Hospital, Richmond, Victoria, Australia.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Angiogenesis is one of the hallmarks of cancer driving tumour growth  and ultimately metastasis. Circulating endothelial cells (CECs) and circulating endothelial progenitor (CEPs) cells have been reported as candidate surrogate markers for tumour vascularisation. Our aim was to investigate the potential use  of these circulating cells levels as predictors of prostate cancer treatment failure and metastasis. METHODS: We examined the levels of CD31(+)CD45(-) cells (CECs) and CD31(+)CD45(-)CD117(+) (CEPs) in s.c. and orthotopic models of human prostate cancers and correlated measurements with tumour size, volume and microvessel density (MVD). We then performed a prospective cohort study in 164 men with localised prostate cancer undergoing prostatectomy. The CD31(+)CD45(-),  CD31(+)CD45(-)CD146(+) (CECs) and CD31(+)CD45(intermediate)CD133(+) (CEPs) populations were quantified and subsequently enriched for further characterisation. RESULTS: In preclinical models, levels of CD31(+)CD45(-) cells, but not CEPs, were significantly elevated in tumour-bearing mice and correlated with tumour size, volume and MVD. In our human prospective cohort study, the levels of CD31(+)CD45(-) cells were significantly higher in men who experienced treatment failure within the first year, and on logistic regression analysis were an independent predictor of treatment failure, whereas neither levels of CECs or  CEPs had any prognostic utility. Characterisation of the isolated CD31(+)CD45(-)  cell population revealed an essentially homogenous population of large, immature  platelets representing <0.1% of circulating platelets. CONCLUSION: Elevated levels of a distinct subpopulation of circulating platelets were an independent predictor for early biochemical recurrence in prostate cancer patients within the first year from prostatectomy.

 

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[37]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Re: Intensity-modulated radiation therapy, proton therapy, or conformal radiation therapy and morbidity and disease control in localized prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Urol. 2012 Dec;188(6):2230-1. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.08.075. Epub 2012 Oct 22.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.juro.2012.08.075

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Penson DF

 

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[38]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Favorable response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiation in a patient with prostatic stromal sarcoma.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Clin Oncol. 2012 Nov 20;30(33):e353-5. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2012.41.7758. Epub 2012 Oct 8.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1200/JCO.2012.41.7758

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Reese AC; Ball MW; Efron JE; Chang A; Meyer C; Bivalacqua TJ

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospitals, Baltimore, MD, USA.

 

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[39]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Positive predictive value of prostate biopsy indicated by prostate-specific-antigen-based prostate cancer screening: trends over time in a  European randomized trial*.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - BJU Int. 2012 Dec;110(11):1654-60. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11481.x. Epub 2012 Oct 8.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11481.x

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Bokhorst LP; Zhu X; Bul M; Bangma CH; Schroder FH; Roobol MJ

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. l.bokhorst@erasmusmc.nl

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Study Type—Diagnosis (validating cohort) Level of Evidence 1b. What’s known on the subject? and What does the study add? The European Randomized study of Screening for Prostate Cancer (ERSPC) showed a reduction in prostate cancer mortality of 21% for PSA-based screening at a median follow-up of 11 years. In the ERSPC, men are screened at 4-year intervals. A prostate biopsy is recommended for men with a PSA level >/= 3.0 ng/mL. The study shows that the positive predictive value (PPV) of a prostate biopsy indicated by PSA-based screening remains equal throughout consecutive screening rounds in men without a previous biopsy. In men who have previously had a benign biopsy, the PPV drops considerably, but 20% of the cancers detected still show aggressive characteristics. OBJECTIVE: * To assess the positive predictive value (PPV) of prostate biopsy, indicated by a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) threshold of >/=  3.0 ng/mL, over time, in the Rotterdam section of the European Randomized study of Screening for Prostate Cancer (ERSPC). PATIENTS AND METHODS: * In the Rotterdam section of the ERSPC, a total of 42,376 participants, aged 55-74 years, identified from population registries were randomly assigned to a screening or control arm. * For the ERSPC men undergo PSA screening at 4-year intervals. A total of three screening rounds were evaluated; therefore, only men aged 55-69 years at the first screening were eligible for the present study. RESULTS: * PPVs for men without previous biopsy remained equal throughout the three subsequent screenings (25.5, 22.3 and 24.8% respectively). * Conversely, PPVs for men with a previous negative biopsy dropped significantly (12.0 and 15.2% at the second and  third screening, respectively). * Additionally, in men with and without previous  biopsy, the percentage of aggressive prostate cancers (clinical stage >T2b, Gleason score >/= 7) decreased after the first round of screening from 44.4 to 23.8% in the second (P < 0.001) and 18.6% in the third round (P < 0.001). * Repeat biopsies accounted for 24.6% of all biopsies, but yielded only 8.6% of all aggressive cancers. CONCLUSIONS: * In consecutive screening rounds the PPV of PSA-based screening remains equal in previously unbiopsied men. * In men with a previous negative biopsy the PPV drops considerably, but 20% of cancers detected  still show aggressive characteristics. * Individualized screening algorithms should incorporate previous biopsy status in the decision to perform a repeat biopsy with the aim of further reducing unnecessary biopsies.

 

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[40]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - De novo thrombotic microangiopathy after kidney transplantation: clinical features, treatment, and long-term patient and graft survival.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Transplant Proc. 2012 Oct;44(8):2388-90. doi: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2012.07.039.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.transproceed.2012.07.039

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Caires RA; Marques ID; Repizo LP; Sato VA; Carmo LP; Machado DJ; de Paula FJ; Nahas WC; David-Neto E

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Nephrology Division, Hospital das Clinicas, University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - INTRODUCTION: Posttransplant thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA)/hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) can occur as a recurrent or de novo disease. METHODS: A retrospective single-center observational study was applied in order to examine the incidence and outcomes of de novo TMA/HUS among transplantations performed between 2000 and 2010. Recurrent HUS or antibody-mediated rejections were excluded. RESULTS: Seventeen (1.1%) among 1549 kidney transplant recipients fulfilled criteria for de novo TMA. The mean follow-up was 572 days (range, 69-1769). Maintenance immunosuppression was prednisone, tacrolimus (TAC), and mycophenolic acid in 14 (82%) patients. Mean age at onset was 40 +/- 15 years, and serum creatinine was 6.1 +/- 4.1 mg/dL. TMA occurred at a median of 25 days (range, 1-1755) after transplantation. Nine (53%) patients developed TMA within 1 month of transplantation and only 12% after 1 year. Clinical features were anemia (hemoglobin < 10 g/dL) in 9 (53%) patients, thrombocytopenia in 7 (41%), and increased lactate dehydrogenase in 12 (70%). Decreased haptoglobin was observed in 64% and schistocytes in 35%. Calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) withdrawal or reduction was the first step in the management of 10/15 (66%) patients, and 6 (35%) received fresh frozen plasma (FFP) and/or plasmapheresis. TAC was successfully reintroduced in six patients after a median of 17 days. Eight (47%)  patients needed dialytic support after TMA diagnosis and 75% remained on dialysis. At 4 years of follow-up, death-censored graft survival was worse for TMA group (43.0% versus 85.6%, log-rank = 0.001; hazard ratio = 3.74) and there was no difference in patient survival (53.1% versus 82.2%, log-rank = 0.24). CONCLUSION: De novo TMA after kidney transplantation is a rare but severe condition with poor graft outcomes. This syndrome may not be fully manifested, and clinical suspicion is essential for early diagnosis and treatment, based mainly in CNI withdrawal and FFP infusions and/or plasmapheresis.

 

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[41]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - p21-Activated kinase 6 (PAK6) inhibits prostate cancer growth via phosphorylation of androgen receptor and tumorigenic E3 ligase murine double minute-2 (Mdm2).

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Biol Chem. 2013 Feb 1;288(5):3359-69. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M112.384289. Epub 2012 Nov 6.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1074/jbc.M112.384289

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Liu T; Li Y; Gu H; Zhu G; Li J; Cao L; Li F

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - The androgen receptor (AR) signaling pathway plays a crucial role in the development and growth of prostate malignancies. Regulation of AR homeostasis in  prostate tumorigenesis has not yet been fully characterized. In this study, we demonstrate that p21-activated kinase 6 (PAK6) inhibits prostate tumorigenesis by regulating AR homeostasis. First, we demonstrated that in normal prostate epithelium, AR co-localizes with PAK6 in the cytoplasm and translocates into the  nucleus in malignant prostate. Furthermore, AR phosphorylation at Ser-578 by PAK6 promotes AR-E3 ligase murine double minute-2 (Mdm2) association, causing AR degradation upon androgen stimuli. We also showed that PAK6 phosphorylates Mdm2 on Thr-158 and Ser-186, which is critical for AR ubiquitin-mediated degradation.  Moreover, we found that Thr-158 collaborates with Ser-186 for AR-Mdm2 association and AR ubiquitin-mediated degradation as it facilitates PAK6-mediated AR homeostasis. PAK6 knockdown promotes prostate tumor growth in vivo. Interestingly, we found a strong inverse correlation between PAK6 and AR expression in the cytoplasm of prostate cancer cells. These observations indicate that PAK6 may be important for the maintenance of androgen-induced AR signaling homeostasis and in prostate malignancy, as well as being a possible new therapeutic target for AR-positive and hormone-sensitive prostate cancer.

 

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[42]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Molecular phenotyping of circulating tumour cells in patients with prostate cancer: prediction of distant metastases.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - BJU Int. 2012 Dec;110(11 Pt C):E1202-11. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11534.x. Epub 2012 Oct 9.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11534.x

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Giesing M; Driesel G; Molitor D; Suchy B

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Institute for Molecular Nanotechnology, Landau/Pfalz, Germany. Giesing@onkokonsult.com

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - What’s known on the subject? and What does the study add? The role of circulating cancer cells in metastogenesis is generally accepted. Two forms of these cells have been reported in a number of studies, cancer cell clusters (CCCs) and individual epithelial cancer cells. Clusters appear at higher frequencies in the  blood. CCCs have been reported to be rich in vimentin and poor in E-cadherin expression The resulting epithelial to mesenchymal transition, a prerequisite for metastasis formation, occurs in CCCs. We have developed a new set of biomarkers,  namely the antioxidant genes GPX1, SOD2 and TXNRD1, specific to cell trafficking  in the blood. Firstly, the study shows that diagnosis of distant metastases is feasible by applying molecular phenotyping with a five gene test that has 94% sensitivity and 81% accuracy. Again SOD2 and GPX1 showed the highest sensitivities. Secondly, the study shows the efficacy of palliative chemotherapy  in clearing the blood of CCCs overexpressing diagnostic genes. Clinically the overall lifespan ranged from 5 to 99 months under taxotere. We aimed to investigate the molecular reasons and found that MDR1 overexpression worsened survival by 31%. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to show the clinical impact of drug targeting and the counter-effect of drug resistance in CCCs on overall survival. The findings may, therefore, add a novel tool for clinicians in tailoring therapies individually. OBJECTIVES: * To find the molecular phenotype in circulating cancer cells from patients with prostate cancer (PCa) in order to predict distant metastases. * To determine genes affecting the study endpoints of overall survival and time to progression. PATIENTS AND METHODS: * Twenty-five urologists in several clinics participated in the study, with 51 patients with metastatic and 77 with non-metastatic PCa. * Molecular analysis was carried out in two forms of circulating cancer cells, cancer cell clusters (CCCs) and individual epithelial cancer cells (CECs). * Gene expression was studied using real-time reverse-transcriptase PCR. * Cycle threshold values were normalized with glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase in cancer cells and mononucleated cells, yielding comparative specific expression values from the relative quantification method with the help of the standard curve method for each patient and each gene locus. RESULTS: * Preclinical validation was performed using aggregated and non-aggregated SW480 cells showing  the independence of CCCs and CECs. * Prediction of metastases was achieved with five genes showing the highest sensitivity, SOD2, GPX1, AR, cyclin B and bFGF. *  The following results were obtained: 94% sensitivity, 65% specificity, 76% positive predictive value and 89% negative predictive value. The prevalence was 63%. Test accuracy was 81% with an odds ratio of 32 (P < 0.001). * Overall survival was worsened by preceding chemotherapies when leaving insufficient GPX1  clearance in blood. * Drug resistance genes were found to worsen the endpoints, among them MDR1 (P = 0.003; hazard ratio: 1.31; 95% CI: 1.09-1.58). CONCLUSIONS:  * SOD2, GPX1 and AR represent a novel biomarker set for circulating cancer cells  (clusters and scattered individual cells) in PCa. * The clinical usefulness of these biomarkers ranges from the prediction of clinical tumours to disease prognostication, therapy monitoring and therapy outcome prediction (hormonal therapies, chemotherapies). * The presence of CCCs and CECs after batch isolation allows the addition of genes for intensive studies, e.g. drug resistance.

 

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[43]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Efficacy versus effectiveness study design within the European screening trial for prostate cancer: consequences for cancer incidence, overall mortality and cancer-specific mortality.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Med Screen. 2012;19(3):133-40. doi: 10.1258/jms.2012.012071.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1258/jms.2012.012071

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Zhu X; van Leeuwen PJ; Holmberg E; Bul M; Carlsson S; Schroder FH; Roobol MJ; Hugosson J

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Room NH-227, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands. y.zhu@erasmusmc.nl

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of different study designs on outcome data within the European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer (ERSPC). METHODS:  Observed data from the Gothenburg centre (effectiveness trial with upfront randomization before informed consent) and the Rotterdam centre (efficacy trial with randomization after informed consent) were compared with expected data, which were retrieved from national cancer registries and life tables. Endpoints were 11-year cumulative prostate cancer (PC) incidence, overall mortality and PC-specific mortality. RESULTS: In Gothenburg, the 11-year PC incidence was higher than predicted (5.8%) in both the intervention (12.4%) and control arms (7.3%). The observed overall mortality was higher than predicted (15.9%) in both  the intervention (17.8%) and control arms (18.5%). The observed PC-specific mortality in the intervention arm was 0.56% versus 0.83% in the control arm, while the expected mortality was 0.83%. In Rotterdam, the observed PC incidence in the intervention arm (10.4%) was higher than expected (4.4%). The incidence in the control arm was 4.6%. The observed overall mortality was lower than expected: 13.6% in the intervention arm and 14.0% in the control arm versus an expected mortality of 16.1%. The observed PC-specific mortality was lower than expected (0.65%) in both the intervention (0.27%) and control arms (0.41%). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that an efficacy trial with informed consent prior to randomization may have introduced a ‘healthy screenee bias’. Therefore, an effectiveness trial with consent after randomization may more accurately estimate the PC-specific mortality reduction if population-based screening is introduced.

 

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[44]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - A 12-gene expression signature is associated with aggressive histological in prostate cancer: SEC14L1 and TCEB1 genes are potential markers of progression.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Am J Pathol. 2012 Nov;181(5):1585-94. doi: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2012.08.005.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.ajpath.2012.08.005

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Agell L; Hernandez S; Nonell L; Lorenzo M; Puigdecanet E; de Muga S; Juanpere N; Bermudo R; Fernandez PL; Lorente JA; Serrano S; Lloreta J

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Pathology, Hospital del Mar-Mar Health Park, Barcelona, España.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - The main challenge for clinical management of prostate cancer is to distinguish tumors that will progress faster and will show a higher tendency to recur from the more indolent ones. We have compared expression profiles of 18 prostate cancer samples (seven with a Gleason score of 6, eight with a Gleason score of 7, and three with a Gleason score of >/=8) and five nonneoplastic prostate samples,  using the Affymetrix Human Array GeneChip Exon 1.0 ST. Microarray analysis revealed 99 genes showing statistically significant differences among tumors with Gleason scores of 6, 7, and >/=8. In addition, mRNA expression of 29 selected genes was analyzed by real-time quantitative RT-PCR with microfluidic cards in an extended series of 30 prostate tumors. Of the 29 genes, 18 (62%) were independently confirmed in the extended series by quantitative RT-PCR: 14 were up-regulated and 4 were down-regulated in tumors with a higher Gleason score. Twelve of these genes were differentially expressed in tumors with a Gleason score of 6 to 7 versus >/=8. Finally, IHC validation of the protein levels of two genes from the 12-gene signature (SEC14L1 and TCEB1) showed strong protein expression levels of both genes, which were statistically associated with a high  combined Gleason score, advanced stage, and prostate-specific antigen progression. This set of genes may contribute to a better understanding of the molecular basis of prostate cancer. TCEB1 and SELC14L1 are good candidate markers for predicting prognosis and progression of prostate cancer.

 

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[45]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Re: A Phase 2 trial of sunitinib in patients with advanced non-clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Urol. 2012 Dec;188(6):2146-7. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.08.167. Epub 2012 Oct 18.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.juro.2012.08.167

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Taneja SS

 

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[46]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Silibinin inhibits prostate cancer cells- and RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis by targeting NFATc1, NF-kappaB, and AP-1 Activation in RAW264.7 cells.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Mol Carcinog. 2012 Oct 31. doi: 10.1002/mc.21959.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1002/mc.21959

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Kavitha CV; Deep G; Gangar SC; Jain AK; Agarwal C; Agarwal R

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Currently, there are limited therapeutic options against bone metastatic prostate cancer (PCA), which is primarily responsible for high mortality and morbidity in  PCA patients. Enhanced osteoclastogenesis is an essential feature associated with metastatic PCA in the bone microenvironment. Silibinin, an effective chemopreventive agent, is in phase II clinical trials in PCA patients but its efficacy against PCA cells-induced osteoclastogenesis is largely unknown. Accordingly, here we examined silibinin effect on PCA cells-induced osteoclastogenesis employing human PCA (PC3MM2, PC3, and C4-2B) and murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells. We also assessed silibinin effect on receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB ligand (RANKL)-induced signaling associated with osteoclast differentiation in RAW264.7 cells. Further, we analyzed silibinin effect on osteomimicry biomarkers in PCA cells. Results revealed that silibinin (30-90 microM) inhibits PCA cells-induced osteoclast activity and differentiation in RAW264.7 cells via modulating expression of several cytokines (IGF-1, TGF-beta, TNF-alpha, I-TAC, M-CSF, G-CSF, GM-CSF, etc.) that are important in osteoclastogenesis. Additionally, in RAW264.7 cells, silibinin decreased the RANKL-induced expression and nuclear localization of NFATc1, which is considered  the master regulator of osteoclastogenesis. Furthermore, silibinin decreased the  RANKL-induced DNA binding activity of NFATc1 and its regulators NF-kappaB and AP1, and the protein expression of osteoclast specific markers (TRAP, OSCAR, and  cathepsin K). Importantly, silibinin also decreased the expression of osteomimicry biomarkers (RANKL, Runx2, osteocalcin, and PTHrP) in cell culture (PC3 and C4-2B cells) and/or in PC3 tumors. Together, our findings showing that silibinin inhibits PCA cells-induced osteoclastogenesis, suggest that silibinin could be useful clinically against bone metastatic PCA. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

 

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[47]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Uncommon cause of chest pain in a renal transplantation patient with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease: a case report.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Transplant Proc. 2012 Oct;44(8):2507-9. doi: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2012.07.014.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.transproceed.2012.07.014

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Rodrigues L; Neves M; Machado S; Sa H; Macario F; Alves R; Mota A; Campos M

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Nephrology, Hospitais da Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal. luis.arodrigues@hotmail.com

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a common cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and, because of its intrinsic systemic involvement, its treatment can be a medical and surgical challenge. This condition is often associated with the presence of hepatic cysts and their prevalence generally increases with age. Most patients remain asymptomatic, but some of these will develop complications associated with enlargement and infection of their cysts. Chest pain is a rare manifestation of these complications and, after exclusion of more common cardiovascular and pulmonary causes, should raise the suspicion of an infected hepatic cyst in these patients. We report the case of a 62-year-old male who underwent a kidney transplantation from a cadaveric donor in 1997 (etiology of the ESRD was ADPKD), and was admitted to the emergency department with complaints of chest pain radiating to both shoulders and the interscapular region. An echocardiogram was showed compression  of the right atrium by a large liver cyst without associated ventricular dysfunction. Computer tomography-guided drainage of the cyst was performed and an Enterobacter aerogenes sensitive to carbamapenemes was isolated from respective cultures. The patient presented a favorable clinical outcome with prolonged administration of antibiotic therapy according to the antibiotic susceptibility testing. There was no need for surgical intervention.

 

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[48]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Genetic basis of kidney cancer: role of genomics for the development of disease-based therapeutics.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Genome Res. 2012 Nov;22(11):2089-100. doi: 10.1101/gr.131110.111. Epub 2012 Oct 4.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1101/gr.131110.111

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Linehan WM

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Urologic Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. linehanm@mail.nih.gov

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Kidney cancer is not a single disease; it is made up of a number of different types of cancer, including clear cell, type 1 papillary, type 2 papillary, chromophobe, TFE3, TFEB, and oncocytoma. Sporadic, nonfamilial kidney cancer includes clear cell kidney cancer (75%), type 1 papillary kidney cancer (10%), papillary type 2 kidney cancer (including collecting duct and medullary RCC) (5%), the microphalmia-associated transcription (MiT) family translocation kidney cancers (TFE3, TFEB, and MITF), chromophobe kidney cancer (5%), and oncocytoma (5%). Each has a distinct histology, a different clinical course, responds differently to therapy, and is caused by mutation in a different gene. Genomic studies identifying the genes for kidney cancer, including the VHL, MET, FLCN, fumarate hydratase, succinate dehydrogenase, TSC1, TSC2, and TFE3 genes, have significantly altered the ways in which patients with kidney cancer are managed.  While seven FDA-approved agents that target the VHL pathway have been approved for the treatment of patients with advanced kidney cancer, further genomic studies, such as whole genome sequencing, gene expression patterns, and gene copy number, will be required to gain a complete understanding of the genetic basis of kidney cancer and of the kidney cancer gene pathways and, most importantly, to provide the foundation for the development of effective forms of therapy for patients with this disease.

 

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[49]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Uric Acid Levels Correlate with Baseline Renal Function and High Levels are a Potent Risk Factor for Postoperative Chronic Kidney Disease in Patients with Renal Cell Carcinoma.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Urol. 2012 Nov 13. pii: S0022-5347(12)05521-8. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.11.043.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.juro.2012.11.043

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Jeon HG; Choo SH; Jeong BC; Seo SI; Jeon SS; Choi HY; Lee HM

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of  Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: We investigated the relationship between preoperative uric acid and the  glomerular filtration rate preoperatively and postoperatively in patients with renal cell carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Included in study were 1,534 patients who underwent radical or partial nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma between 1994 and 2008. Uric acid was measured preoperatively. The estimated glomerular filtration rate was calculated using the MDRD (Modification of Diet in Renal Disease) equation preoperatively and postoperatively within 7 days, and at  3 months, and 1 and 3 years. We looked for correlations of uric acid with the glomerular filtration rate, patient demographics and comorbidities. We also evaluated the predictive value of uric acid for the preoperative glomerular filtration rate and new onset chronic kidney disease, defined as a glomerular filtration rate of less than 60 ml/minute/1.73 m(2), after nephrectomy using multivariate regression analysis. RESULTS: Mean +/- SD uric acid was 5.2 +/- 1.5  mg/dl (range 1.3 to 11.3). Mean preoperative uric acid correlated with the preoperative glomerular filtration rate (r = -0.313, p <0.001) and was associated with prevalent chronic kidney disease. On multivariate regression analysis a decreased preoperative glomerular filtration rate correlated significantly with earlier year of surgery, older age, male gender, hypertension, high uric acid and larger tumors (each p <0.001). Hypertension, male gender and high body mass index correlated with high uric acid (each p <0.001). Older age (p <0.001), diabetes mellitus (p = 0.002), low preoperative glomerular filtration rate (p <0.001) and  high preoperative uric acid (p = 0.002) were significant predictors of new onset  chronic kidney disease 3 years after nephrectomy. CONCLUSIONS: Increased preoperative uric acid was an independent predictor of a low preoperative glomerular filtration rate and new onset chronic kidney disease in patients with  renal cell carcinoma who underwent nephrectomy.

 

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[50]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - A randomized, double-blind, multicenter, phase 2 study of a human monoclonal antibody to human alphanu integrins (intetumumab) in combination with docetaxel and prednisone for the first-line treatment of patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Ann Oncol. 2013 Feb;24(2):329-36. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mds505. Epub 2012 Oct 26.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1093/annonc/mds505

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Heidenreich A; Rawal SK; Szkarlat K; Bogdanova N; Dirix L; Stenzl A; Welslau M; Wang G; Dawkins F; de Boer CJ; Schrijvers D

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany. aheidenreich@ukaachen.de

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Intetumumab is a fully human mAb with antiangiogenic, antitumor properties which has shown potential therapeutic effect in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In a phase 2, randomized,  double-blind, multicenter study, men with metastatic CRPC without prior systemic  nonhormonal therapy were randomly assigned to 75-mg/m(2) docetaxel (Taxotere) and 5-mg prednisone plus placebo (N = 65) or 10-mg/kg intetumumab (N = 66) q3w. Placebo patients with progressive disease (PD) could cross over to 10-mg/kg intetumumab alone or with docetaxel. The primary end-point was progression-free survival (PFS). The secondary end-points included tumor response (complete response + partial response, CR + PR), prostate-specific antigen (PSA) response,  and overall survival (OS). RESULTS: All efficacy end-points favored placebo over  intetumumab, including PFS (median 11.0 versus 7.6 months, P = 0.014), tumor response (20% versus 16%, P = 0.795), PSA response (68% versus 47%, P = 0.018), OS (median 20.6 versus 17.2 months, P = 0.163). Common all-grade adverse events (AEs) with placebo and intetumumab were alopecia (43% versus 26%); diarrhea, leukopenia (both 34% versus 27%); neutropenia (35% versus 23%). Grade >/= 3 leukopenia (28% versus 17%) and neutropenia (26% versus 18%) occurred more often  with placebo than with intetumumab. Intetumumab serum concentrations increased with repeated dosing and did not reach steady-state. Greater decreases in N-telopeptide of type I collagen (NTx), C-telopeptide (CTx) and CTCs occurred with intetumumab than with placebo. CONCLUSION: The addition of intetumumab to docetaxel resulted in shorter PFS without additional toxicity among CRPC patients.

 

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[51]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Diffusion-weighted MRI and PSA correlations in patients with prostate cancer treated with radiation and hormonal therapy.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Anticancer Res. 2012 Oct;32(10):4467-71.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Iraha Y; Murayama S; Kamiya A; Iraha S; Ogawa K

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medical science, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara-cho, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan. irayu@med.u-ryukyu.ac.jp

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - AIM: To investigate the correlation between signal intensity (SI) on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and the levels of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in patients with prostate cancer treated with radiation and hormonal therapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Forty-four patients with prostate cancer treated with hormonal therapy and radiation therapy were evaluated. Areas with high SI on DWI were detected and the apparent diffusion co-efficient (ADC) values were measured. The ADC values and PSA levels were compared between patients with high-DWI SI and patients with a normal DWI signal. RESULTS: Fourteen patients had high SI on DWI. The mean ADC value in these cancerous lesions was lower than in non-cancerous tissues. The mean PSA level in patients with high-DWI SI was significantly higher than in patients with a normal signal. CONCLUSION: The present results suggest that SI on DWI appears to correlate with PSA levels in patients with prostate cancer treated with radiation and hormonal therapy.

 

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[52]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Effect of naturopathic and nutritional supplement treatment on tumor response, control, and recurrence in patients with prostate cancer treated with radiation therapy.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Altern Complement Med. 2013 Mar;19(3):198-203. doi: 10.1089/acm.2011.0657. Epub 2012 Oct 4.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1089/acm.2011.0657

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Braun DP; Gupta D; Birdsall TC; Sumner M; Staren ED

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Office of Clinical Research, Cancer Treatment Centers of America® (CTCA) at Midwestern Regional Medical Center , Zion, IL.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Abstract Objectives: Use of naturopathic and nutritional supplements (NNS) with antioxidant activity is controversial in patients receiving radiation therapy. The effects of concomitant use of NNS with antioxidant activity during radiation  therapy for prostate cancer were investigated in terms of clinical tumor responsiveness, kinetics, and durability. Materials and methods: A retrospective  investigation was done of 134 patients treated with curative intent for limited-stage prostate cancer by radiation therapy. Patients self-selected to receive NNS as part of their treatment and maintenance during an extended post-treatment interval of at least 2 years. The outcome measures were the following: prostate-specific antigen (PSA) nadir; >/=24 months post-treatment PSA; time to reach nadir; and time to last follow-up were compared across +NNS and -NNS. Results: Sixty-nine (69) patients elected to receive NNS while 65 did not. Seventy-seven (77) (+NNS 39, -NNS 38) patients received hormone therapy while 57 (+NNS 30, -NNS 27) did not. In the nonhormone cohort, median pretreatment PSA, nadir, post-treatment PSA, time to reach nadir, and time to follow-up were 5.5 ng/mL, 0.56 ng/mL, 0.61 ng/mL, 25 months, and 39.7 months for  the -NNS group and 5.1 ng/mL, 0.32 ng/mL, 0.44 ng/mL, 27 months, and 50.1 months  for the +NNS group, respectively (p>0.05 for all). Similarly, no significant differences were observed between +NNS and -NNS in the hormone-receiving cohort.  Conclusions: The clinical tumor response to radiation therapy in patients with limited-stage prostate cancer is not inhibited by concomitant NNS based on the magnitude of the PSA response, the velocity of the PSA nadir, and the duration of PSA normalization.

 

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[53]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Effect of abiraterone acetate plus prednisone on the pharmacokinetics of dextromethorphan and theophylline in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2013 Jan;71(1):237-44. doi: 10.1007/s00280-012-2001-0. Epub 2012 Oct 12.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s00280-012-2001-0

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Chi KN; Tolcher A; Lee P; Rosen PJ; Kollmannsberger CK; Papadopoulos KP; Patnaik A; Molina A; Jiao J; Pankras C; Kaiser B; Bernard A; Tran N; Acharya M

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada. kchi@bccancer.bc.ca

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: To assess the effect of abiraterone acetate plus prednisone on the pharmacokinetics of dextromethorphan HBr (CYP2D6 substrate) and theophylline (CYP1A2 substrate) in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). METHODS: Men with progressive metastatic mCRPC who failed gonadotropin-releasing hormone therapy and >/=1 lines of chemotherapy were enrolled. Patients received two doses of dextromethorphan HBr-30 mg (n = 18; group A) or theophylline-100 mg (n = 16; group B) under fasting conditions; one dose on cycle 1, day -8, and the other dose on cycle 1, day 8. Only patients with extensive CYP2D6 metabolizing status were assigned to group A. All patients received continuous daily oral abiraterone acetate (1,000 mg) plus prednisone (10 mg) starting on cycle 1, day 1. RESULTS: Coadministration of abiraterone acetate  plus prednisone increased the systemic exposure of dextromethorphan by approximately 100%. Ratios of geometric means for maximum plasma concentration (C(max)) (275.36%) and area under plasma concentration-time curves from time 0 to 24 h (AUC(24h)) (268.14%) of dextromethorphan were outside the bioequivalence limit. The pharmacokinetics of theophylline was unaltered following coadministration of abiraterone acetate plus prednisone. Ratios of geometric means [C(max); 102.36% and AUC(24h); 108.03%] of theophylline exposure parameters were within the bioequivalence limit. The safety profile of abiraterone acetate was consistent with reported toxicities. CONCLUSION: Abiraterone acetate plus prednisone increased the exposure of dextromethorphan, suggesting a need for caution when coadministrating with known CYP2D6 substrates. The pharmacokinetics  of theophylline was unaffected when coadministered with abiraterone acetate plus  prednisone.

 

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[54]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - PSA response to neoadjuvant androgen deprivation therapy is a strong independent  predictor of survival in high-risk prostate cancer in the dose-escalated radiation therapy era.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2013 Jan 1;85(1):e39-46. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2012.08.036. Epub 2012 Oct 23.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.ijrobp.2012.08.036

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - McGuire SE; Lee AK; Cerne JZ; Munsell MF; Levy LB; Kudchadker RJ; Choi SL; Nguyen QN; Hoffman KE; Pugh TJ; Frank SJ; Corn PG; Logothetis CJ; Kuban DA

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030-4009, USA. semcguir@mdanderson.org

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to evaluate the prognostic value of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) response to neoadjuvant androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) prior to dose-escalated radiation therapy (RT) and long-term ADT in high-risk prostate cancer. METHODS AND MATERIALS: We reviewed the charts of all patients diagnosed with high-risk prostate cancer and treated with a combination  of long-term ADT (median, 24 months) and dose-escalated (median, 75.6 Gy) RT between 1990 and 2007. The associations among patient, tumor, and treatment characteristics with biochemical response to neoadjuvant ADT and their effects on failure-free survival (FFS), time to distant metastasis (TDM), prostate cancer-specific mortality (PCSM) and overall survival (OS) were examined. RESULTS: A total of 196 patients met criteria for inclusion. Median follow-up time for patients alive at last contact was 7.0 years (range, 0.5-18.1 years). Multivariate analysis identified the pre-RT PSA concentration (<0.5 vs >/=0.5 ng/mL) as a significant independent predictor of FFS (P=.021), TDM (P=.009), PCSM (P=.039), and OS (P=.037). On multivariate analysis, pretreatment PSA (iPSA) and  African-American race were significantly associated with failure to achieve a pre-RT PSA of <0.5 ng/mL. CONCLUSIONS: For high-risk prostate cancer patients treated with long-term ADT and dose-escalated RT, a pre-RT PSA level>/=0.5 ng/mL  after neoadjuvant ADT predicts for worse survival measures. Both elevated iPSA and African-American race are associated with increased risk of having a pre-RT PSA level>/=0.5 ng/mL. These patients should be considered for clinical trials that test newer, more potent androgen-depleting therapies such as abiraterone and MDV3100 in combination with radiation.

 

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[55]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Identification of microRNA-98 as a therapeutic target inhibiting prostate cancer  growth and a biomarker induced by vitamin D.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Biol Chem. 2013 Jan 4;288(1):1-9. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M112.395947. Epub 2012 Nov 27.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1074/jbc.M112.395947

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Ting HJ; Messing J; Yasmin-Karim S; Lee YF

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - The anti-tumor effect of vitamin D has been well recognized but its translational application is hindered by side effects induced by supra-physiological concentration of vitamin D required for cancer treatment. Thus, exploring the vitamin D tumor suppressive functional mechanism can facilitate improvement of its clinical application. We screened miRNA profiles in response to vitamin D and found that a tumor suppressive miRNA, miR-98, is transcriptionally induced by 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (1,25-VD) in LNCaP. Mechanistic dissection revealed that 1,25-VD-induced miR-98 is mediated through both a direct mechanism, enhancing the VDR binding response element in the promoter region of miR-98, and  an indirect mechanism, down-regulating LIN-28 expression. Knockdown of miR-98 led to a reduction of 1,25-VD anti-growth effect and overexpression of miR-98 suppressed the LNCaP cells growth via inducing G2/M arrest. And CCNJ, a protein controlling cell mitosis, is down-regulated by miR-98 via targeting 3’-untranslated region of CCNJ. Interestingly, miR-98 levels in blood are increased upon 1,25-VD treatment in mice suggesting the biomarker potential of miR-98 in predicting 1,25-VD response. Together, the finding that growth inhibitive miR-98 is induced by 1,25-VD provides a potential therapeutic target for prostate cancer and a potential biomarker for 1,25-VD anti-tumor action.

 

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[56]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Expression of TIP60 (tat-interactive protein) and MRE11 (meiotic recombination 11 homolog) predict treatment-specific outcome of localised invasive bladder cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - BJU Int. 2012 Dec;110(11 Pt C):E1228-36. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11564.x. Epub 2012 Oct 9.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11564.x

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Laurberg JR; Brems-Eskildsen AS; Nordentoft I; Fristrup N; Schepeler T; Ulhoi BP; Agerbaek M; Hartmann A; Bertz S; Wittlinger M; Fietkau R; Rodel C; Borre M; Jensen JB; Orntoft T; Dyrskjot L

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark. lars@ki.au.dk

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - What’s known on the subject? and What does the study add? Several studies have shown that defects in DNA-damage response are associated with good survival after chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Furthermore, loss of cell cycle regulators may be  prognostic indicators of poor survival after cystectomy. However, the potential clinical impact of previous findings is hampered by insufficient validation of significant results in suitable cystectomy and radiotherapy cohorts. Here we use  a large cohort of patients receiving radiotherapy to successfully validate the importance of MRE11 as a predictive marker of disease-specific survival (DSS). Furthermore, using two independent patient cohorts we show for the first time that TIP60 is a predictive marker of DSS after cystectomy. We show that combined  use of TIP60 and MRE11 may hold the potential to guide treatment decisions. OBJECTIVE: * To determine the association between the proteins: tat-interactive protein 60 kDa (TIP60), p16, meiotic recombination 11 homolog (MRE11), phosphorylated ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), retinoblastoma protein (Rb),  Ki67, and p53 and clinical outcome in invasive lymph node-negative bladder cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: * Protein expression was measured by immunohistochemistry in cancer specimens from two independent cohorts of patients with bladder cancer treated with cystectomy (162 patients and 273) and one cohort of patients receiving radiotherapy (148). * Disease-specific survival (DSS) was used as the outcome measure, and patients with no disease-specific death were followed for a minimum of 36 months. RESULTS: * TIP60 was significantly correlated with DSS in both cystectomy cohorts (hazard ratio [HR] 0.42, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.26-0.68, P < 0.001 and HR 0.45, 95% CI 0.28-0.72, P =  0.001). * MRE11 was significantly correlated with DSS in the cohort receiving radiotherapy (HR 0.64, 95% CI 0.47-0.86, P = 0.005). * P16 was significantly correlated with DSS in all three cohorts (HR 0.46, 95% CI 0.30-0.75, P = 0.032; HR 0.60, 95% CI 0.37-0.97, P = 0.032; HR 0.52, 95% CI 0.28-0.96, P = 0.001). * Rb was significantly correlated with DSS in one cystectomy cohort (HR 1.71, 95% CI 1.13-2.75, P = 0.017). * Ki67, p53, and pATM were not significantly correlated with DSS in any of the cohorts. CONCLUSIONS: * TIP60 protein expression was a predictive marker for DSS after cystectomy in two independent cohorts. This novel marker was the strongest predictive factor in multivariate analysis in patients receiving cystectomy. * MRE11 was shown to be a predictive marker for DSS after radiotherapy. * We have shown that TIP60 and MRE11 hold the potential to guide patients with invasive bladder cancer to either cystectomy or radiotherapy. This  study was based on retrospective material and consequently we suggest that these  markers should be validated in a prospective study.

 

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[57]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Recruitment of NCOR1 to VDR target genes is enhanced in prostate cancer cells and associates with altered DNA methylation patterns.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Carcinogenesis. 2013 Feb;34(2):248-56. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgs331. Epub 2012 Oct  20.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1093/carcin/bgs331

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Doig CL; Singh PK; Dhiman VK; Thorne JL; Battaglia S; Sobolewski M; Maguire O; O’Neill LP; Turner BM; McCabe CJ; Smiraglia DJ; Campbell MJ

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - The current study investigated transcriptional distortion in prostate cancer cells using the vitamin D receptor (VDR) as a tool to examine how epigenetic events driven by corepressor binding and CpG methylation lead to aberrant gene expression. These relationships were investigated in the non-malignant RWPE-1 cells that were 1alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3) responsive (RWPE-1) and malignant cell lines that were 1alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3) partially responsive (RWPE-2) and resistant (PC-3). These studies revealed that selective attenuation and repression of VDR transcriptional responses in the cancer cell lines reflected their loss of antiproliferative sensitivity. This was evident in VDR target genes including VDR, CDKN1A (encodes p21( (waf1/cip1) )) and GADD45A; NCOR1 knockdown alleviated  this malignant transrepression. ChIP assays in RWPE-1 and PC-3 cells revealed that transrepression of CDKN1A was associated with increased NCOR1 enrichment in  response to 1alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3) treatment. These findings supported the concept  that retained and increased NCOR1 binding, associated with loss of H3K9ac and increased H3K9me2, may act as a beacon for the initiation and recruitment of DNA  methylation. Overexpressed histone methyltransferases (KMTs) were detectable in a wide panel of prostate cancer cell lines compared with RWPE-1 and suggested that  generation of H3K9me2 states would be favored. Cotreatment of cells with the KMT  inhibitor, chaetocin, increased 1alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3)-mediated induction of CDKN1A expression supporting a role for this event to disrupt CDKN1A regulation. Parallel surveys in PC-3 cells of CpG methylation around the VDR binding regions  on CDKN1A revealed altered basal and VDR-regulated DNA methylation patterns that  overlapped with VDR-induced recruitment of NCOR1 and gene transrepression. Taken  together, these findings suggest that sustained corepressor interactions with nuclear-resident transcription factors may inappropriately transform transient-repressive histone states into more stable and repressive DNA methylation events.

 

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[58]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Potential effect of the risk of ovarian cancer algorithm (ROCA) on the mortality  outcome of the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian (PLCO) trial.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Int J Cancer. 2013 May 1;132(9):2127-33. doi: 10.1002/ijc.27909. Epub 2012 Nov 5.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1002/ijc.27909

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Pinsky PF; Zhu C; Skates SJ; Black A; Partridge E; Buys SS; Berg CD

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of  Health, Bethesda, MD, USA. pp4f@nih.gov

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Recently, the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian (PLCO) Trial reported no mortality benefit for annual screening with CA-125 and transvaginal ultrasound (TVU). Currently ongoing is the UK Collaborative Trial of Ovarian Cancer Screening (UKCTOCS), which utilizes the risk of ovarian cancer algorithm (ROCA),  a statistical tool that considers current and past CA125 values to determine ovarian cancer risk. In contrast, PLCO used a single cutoff for CA125, based on current levels alone. We investigated whether having had used ROCA in PLCO could  have, under optimal assumptions, resulted in a significant mortality benefit by applying ROCA to PLCO CA125 screening values. A best-case scenario assumed that all cancers showing a positive screen result earlier with ROCA than under the PLCO protocol would have avoided mortality; under a stage-shift scenario, such women were assigned survival equivalent to Stage I/II screen-detected cases. Updated PLCO data show 132 intervention arm ovarian cancer deaths versus 119 in usual care (relative risk, RR = 1.11). Forty-three ovarian cancer cases, 25 fatal, would have been detected earlier with ROCA, with a median (minimum) advance time for fatal cases of 344 (147) days. Best-case and stage-shift scenarios gave 25 and 19 deaths prevented with ROCA, for RRs of 0.90 (95% CI: 0.69-1.17) and 0.95 (95% CI: 0.74-1.23), respectively. Having utilized ROCA in PLCO would not have led to a significant mortality benefit of screening. However, ROCA could still show a significant effect in other screening trials, including UKCTOCS.

 

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[59]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Changes in circulating pro-angiogenic cytokines, other than VEGF, before progression to sunitinib therapy in advanced renal cell carcinoma patients.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Oncology. 2013;84(2):115-22. doi: 10.1159/000342099. Epub 2012 Nov 15.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1159/000342099

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Porta C; Paglino C; Imarisio I; Ganini C; Sacchi L; Quaglini S; Giunta V; De Amici M

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Medical Oncology, I.R.C.C.S. San Matteo University Hospital Foundation, Pavia, Italy. c.porta@smatteo.pv.it

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - OBJECTIVES: This study included a cohort of advanced renal cell carcinoma patients treated with sunitinib. Since resistance to sunitinib may be mediated through angiogenic cytokines other than VEGF, we measured the circulating levels  of three pro-angiogenic cytokines: basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), and interleukin (IL)-6. METHODS: Cytokines were measured at baseline and on the first day of each treatment cycle until progression in 85 advanced kidney cancer patients treated with sunitinib using a  quantitative sandwich enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) technique. RESULTS: Even though  no statistically significant differences in the titers of the three cytokines were observed between baseline and the time of progression in the whole patient cohort, in 45.3, 46.6, and 37.3% of the patients a more than 50% increase between baseline and the time of progression was shown in circulating IL-6, bFGF, and HGF, respectively. Furthermore, this increase was more than 100% in 37.3, 44, and 30.6% of the patients, respectively. We also demonstrated that, in these patients, cytokines tended to increase and to remain high immediately before progression. CONCLUSIONS: In a large percentage of kidney cancer patients, progression is preceded by a significant increase in pro-angiogenic cytokines other than VEGF.

 

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[60]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Risk stratification of pT1-3N0 patients after radical cystectomy for adjuvant chemotherapy counselling.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Br J Cancer. 2012 Nov 20;107(11):1826-32. doi: 10.1038/bjc.2012.464.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1038/bjc.2012.464

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Xylinas E; Cha EK; Sun M; Rink M; Trinh QD; Novara G; Green DA; Pycha A; Fradet Y; Daneshmand S; Svatek RS; Fritsche HM; Kassouf W; Scherr DS; Faison T; Crivelli JJ; Tagawa ST; Zerbib M; Karakiewicz PI; Shariat SF

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College, Starr 900, 525 East 68th Street, Box 94, New York, NY 10065, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: In pT1-T3N0 urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB) patients, multi-modal therapy is inconsistently recommended. The aim of the study was to develop a prognostic tool to help decision-making regarding adjuvant therapy. METHODS: We included 2145 patients with pT1-3N0 UCB after radical cystectomy (RC), naive of neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy. The cohort was randomly split into development cohort based on the US patients (n=1067) and validation cohort based on the Europe patients (n=1078). Predictive accuracy was quantified using the concordance index. RESULTS: With a median follow-up of 45 months, 5-year recurrence-free and cancer-specific survival estimates were 68% and 73%, respectively. pT-stage, ge, lymphovascular invasion, and positive margin were significantly associated with both disease recurrence and cancer-specific mortality (P-values </= 0.005). The accuracies of the multivariable models at 2,  5, and 7 years for predicting disease recurrence were 67.4%, 65%, and 64.4%, respectively. Accuracies at 2, 5, and 7 years for predicting cancer-specific mortality were 69.3%, 66.4%, and 65.5%, respectively. We developed competing-risk, conditional probability nomograms. External validation revealed minor overestimation. CONCLUSION: Despite RC, a significant number of patients with pT1-3N0 UCB experience disease recurrence and ultimately die of UCB. We developed and externally validated competing-risk, conditional probability post-RC nomograms for prediction of disease recurrence and cancer-specific mortality.

 

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[61]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Towards in silico oncology: adapting a four dimensional nephroblastoma treatment  model to a clinical trial case based on multi-method sensitivity analysis.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Comput Biol Med. 2012 Nov;42(11):1064-78. doi: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2012.08.008.  Epub 2012 Oct 10.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.compbiomed.2012.08.008

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Georgiadi ECh; Dionysiou DD; Graf N; Stamatakos GS

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - In Silico Oncology Group, Institute of Communication and Computer Systems, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Technical University of Athens,  Greece.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - In the past decades a great progress in cancer research has been made although medical treatment is still widely based on empirically established protocols which have many limitations. Computational models address such limitations by providing insight into the complex biological mechanisms of tumor progression. A  set of clinically-oriented, multiscale models of solid tumor dynamics has been developed by the In Silico Oncology Group (ISOG), Institute of Communication and  Computer Systems (ICCS)-National Technical University of Athens (NTUA) to study cancer growth and response to treatment. Within this context using certain representative parameter values, tumor growth and response have been modeled under a cancer preoperative chemotherapy protocol in the framework of the SIOP 2001/GPOH clinical trial. A thorough cross-method sensitivity analysis of the model has been performed. Based on the sensitivity analysis results, a reasonable adaptation of the values of the model parameters to a real clinical case of bilateral nephroblastomatosis has been achieved. The analysis presented supports  the potential of the model for the study and eventually the future design of personalized treatment schemes and/or schedules using the data obtained from in vitro experiments and clinical studies.

 

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[62]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - 15-Lipoxygenase-1-mediated metabolism of docosahexaenoic acid is required for syndecan-1 signaling and apoptosis in prostate cancer cells.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Carcinogenesis. 2013 Jan;34(1):176-82. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgs324. Epub 2012 Oct  11.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1093/carcin/bgs324

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Hu Y; Sun H; O’Flaherty JT; Edwards IJ

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Fatty acid metabolism impacts multiple intracellular signaling pathways in many cell types, but its role in prostate cancer cells is still unclear. Our previous  studies have shown that the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) induces apoptosis in human prostate cancer cells by a syndecan-1 (SDC-1)-dependent mechanism. Here, we examined the contribution of lipoxygenase (LOX)- and cyclooxygenase (COX)-mediated DHA metabolism to this effect. Pan-LOX inhibitor (nordihydroguaiaretic acid), 15-LOX inhibitor (luteolin) or 15/12-LOX inhibitor (baicalein) blocked the induced effect of DHA on SDC-1 expression and apoptosis in human prostate cancer cells, whereas 5-LOX inhibitor, AA861, was ineffective. Human prostate cancer cells lines (PC3, LNCaP and DU145 cells) expressed two 15-LOX isoforms, 15-LOX-1 and 15-LOX-2, with higher 15-LOX-1 and lower 15-LOX-2 expressions compared with human epithelial prostate cells. Knockdown of 15-LOX-1 blocked the effect of DHA on SDC-1 expression and caspase-3 activity, whereas silencing 15-LOX-2, 5-LOX, COX-1, COX-2 or 12-LOX had no effect. Moreover, the ability of DHA to inhibit the activity of the PDK/Akt (T308) signaling pathway was abrogated by silencing 15-LOX-1. These findings demonstrate that 15-LOX-1-mediated metabolism of DHA is required for it to upregulate SDC-1 and trigger the signaling pathway that elicits apoptosis in prostate cancer cells.

 

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[63]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Large oncosomes in human prostate cancer tissues and in the circulation of mice with metastatic disease.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Am J Pathol. 2012 Nov;181(5):1573-84. doi: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2012.07.030. Epub 2012 Sep 27.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.ajpath.2012.07.030

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Di Vizio D; Morello M; Dudley AC; Schow PW; Adam RM; Morley S; Mulholland D; Rotinen M; Hager MH; Insabato L; Moses MA; Demichelis F; Lisanti MP; Wu H; Klagsbrun M; Bhowmick NA; Rubin MA; D’Souza-Schorey C; Freeman MR

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Division of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA. dolores.divizio@childrens.harvard.edu

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Oncosomes are tumor-derived microvesicles that transmit signaling complexes between cell and tissue compartments. Herein, we show that amoeboid tumor cells export large (1- to 10-mum diameter) vesicles, derived from bulky cellular protrusions, that contain metalloproteinases, RNA, caveolin-1, and the GTPase ADP-ribosylation factor 6, and are biologically active toward tumor cells, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts. We describe methods by which large oncosomes  can be selectively sorted by flow cytometry and analyzed independently of vesicles <1 mum. Structures resembling large oncosomes were identified in the circulation of different mouse models of prostate cancer, and their abundance correlated with tumor progression. Similar large vesicles were also identified in human tumor tissues, but they were not detected in the benign compartment. They were more abundant in metastases. Our results suggest that tumor microvesicles substantially larger than exosome-sized particles can be visualized and quantified in tissues and in the circulation, and isolated and characterized using clinically adaptable methods. These findings also suggest a mechanism by which migrating tumor cells condition the tumor microenvironment and distant sites, thereby potentiating advanced disease.

 

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[64]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Prospective, open-label, randomized, phase III study of two dose-dense regimens MVAC versus gemcitabine/cisplatin in patients with inoperable, metastatic or relapsed urothelial cancer: a Hellenic Cooperative Oncology Group study (HE 16/03).

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Ann Oncol. 2013 Apr;24(4):1011-7. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mds583. Epub 2012 Nov 7.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1093/annonc/mds583

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Bamias A; Dafni U; Karadimou A; Timotheadou E; Aravantinos G; Psyrri A; Xanthakis I; Tsiatas M; Koutoulidis V; Constantinidis C; Hatzimouratidis C; Samantas E; Visvikis A; Chrisophos M; Stravodimos K; Deliveliotis C; Eleftheraki A; Pectasides D; Fountzilas G; Dimopoulos MA

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, Athens University Medical School, Athens.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Background The combinations of methotrexate, vinblastine, Adriamycin, cisplatin (Pharmanell, Athens, Greece) (MVAC) or gemcitabine, cisplatin (GC) represent the  standard treatment of advanced urothelial cancer (UC). Dose-dense (DD)-MVAC has achieved longer progression-free survival (PFS) than the conventional MVAC. However, the role of GC intensification has not been studied. We conducted a randomized, phase III study comparing a DD-GC regimen with DD-MVAC in advanced UC. Patients and methods One hundred and thirty patients were randomly assigned between DD-MVAC: 66 (M 30 mg/m(2), V 3 mg/m(2), A 30 mg/m(2), C 70 mg/m(2) q 2 weeks) and DD-GC 64 (G 2500 mg/m(2), C 70 mg/m(2) q 2 weeks). The median follow-up was 52.1 months (89 events). Results The median overall survival (OS) and PFS were 19 and 8.5 months for DD-MVAC and 18 and 7.8 months for DD-GC (P = 0.98 and 0.36, respectively). Neutropenic infections were less frequent for DD-GC than for DD-MVAC (0% versus 8%). More patients on DD-GC received at least six cycles of treatment (85% versus 63%, P = 0.011) and the discontinuation rate was  lower for DD-GC (3% versus 13%). Conclusions Although DD-GC was not superior to DD-MVAC, it was better tolerated. DD-GC could be considered as a reasonable therapeutic option for further study in this patient population. Clinical Trial Number ACTRN12610000845033, www.anzctr.org.au.

 

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[65]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - The plasma membrane sialidase NEU3 regulates the malignancy of renal carcinoma cells by controlling beta1 integrin internalization and recycling.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Biol Chem. 2012 Dec 14;287(51):42835-45. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M112.407718. Epub 2012 Nov 8.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1074/jbc.M112.407718

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Tringali C; Lupo B; Silvestri I; Papini N; Anastasia L; Tettamanti G; Venerando B

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Medical Biotechnology, University of Milan, Segrate, 20090 Milan, Italy.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - The human plasma membrane sialidase NEU3 is a key enzyme in the catabolism of membrane gangliosides, is crucial in the regulation of cell surface processes, and has been demonstrated to be significantly up-regulated in renal cell carcinomas (RCCs). In this report, we show that NEU3 regulates beta1 integrin trafficking in RCC cells by controlling beta1 integrin recycling to the plasma membrane and controlling activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and focal adhesion kinase (FAK)/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling. NEU3 silencing in RCC cells increased the membrane ganglioside content, in particular  the GD1a content, and changed the expression of key regulators of the integrin recycling pathway. In addition, NEU3 silencing up-regulated the Ras-related protein RAB25, which directs internalized integrins to lysosomes, and down-regulated the chloride intracellular channel protein 3 (CLIC3), which induces the recycling of internalized integrins to the plasma membrane. In this manner, NEU3 silencing enhanced the caveolar endocytosis of beta1 integrin, blocked its recycling and reduced its levels at the plasma membrane, and, consequently, inhibited EGFR and FAK/AKT. These events had the following effects  on the behavior of RCC cells: they (a) decreased drug resistance mediated by the  block of autophagy and the induction of apoptosis; (b) decreased metastatic potential mediated by down-regulation of the metalloproteinases MMP1 and MMP7; and (c) decreased adhesion to collagen and fibronectin. Therefore, our data identify NEU3 as a key regulator of the beta1 integrin-recycling pathway and FAK/AKT signaling and demonstrate its crucial role in RCC malignancy.

 

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[66]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Re: The efficacy of in-and-out catheterization as a way of trial without catheterization strategy for treatment of acute urinary retention induced by benign prostate hyperplasia: variables predicting success outcome.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Urol. 2012 Dec;188(6):2310-1. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.08.153. Epub 2012 Oct 22.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.juro.2012.08.153

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Kaplan SA

 

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[67]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Phase II trial of everolimus for the treatment of nonclear-cell renal cell carcinoma.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Ann Oncol. 2013 Apr;24(4):1026-31. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mds582. Epub 2012 Nov 23.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1093/annonc/mds582

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Koh Y; Lim HY; Ahn JH; Lee JL; Rha SY; Kim YJ; Kim TM; Lee SH

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Background We investigated the efficacy of everolimus against nonclear-cell renal cell carcinoma (nccRCC). Patients and methods Patients with nccRCC received 10-mg everolimus once daily until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients who had received a VEGF- tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) previously were included. Results A total of 49 patients were enrolled. Twenty-three patients (46.9%) received prior anti-VEGF agents. A partial response was observed in five  patients (10.2%) and stable disease in 25 patients (51.0%). The disease progressed in 16 patients (32.7%) despite the administration of everolimus. Two of the five patients who showed an objective response to everolimus had chromophobe carcinoma, whereas two had papillary carcinoma and one had unclassifiable carcinoma. Thirty-six patients experienced disease progression during follow-up, and the median progression-free survival (PFS) was 5.2 months.  Chromophobe RCC patients seemed to have longer PFS than nccRCC patients with the  other histological subtypes (P = 0.084). Previous VEGF-TKI treatment did not influence the efficacy of everolimus, and the toxicity profiles were in line with previous reports. Conclusion Everolimus shows certain efficacy against nccRCC, particularly in patients with chromophobe RCC, and prior treatment with a VEGF-TKI appears not influencing the outcome of everolimus therapy in nccRCC patients. ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT00830895.

 

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[68]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Association between prediagnostic biomarkers of inflammation and endothelial function and cancer risk: a nested case-control study.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Am J Epidemiol. 2013 Jan 1;177(1):3-13. doi: 10.1093/aje/kws359. Epub 2012 Nov 20.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1093/aje/kws359

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Touvier M; Fezeu L; Ahluwalia N; Julia C; Charnaux N; Sutton A; Mejean C; Latino-Martel P; Hercberg S; Galan P; Czernichow S

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, INSERM U557, Paris 13 University, 74 rue Marcel Cachin, F-93017 Bobigny, France. m.touvier@uren.smbh.univ-paris13.fr

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Experimental and prevalent case-control studies suggest an association between biomarkers of inflammation, endothelial function, and adiposity and cancer risk,  but results from prospective studies have been limited. The authors’ objective was to prospectively examine the relations between these biomarkers and cancer risk. A nested case-control study was designed within the Supplementation en Vitamines et Mineraux Antioxydants (SU.VI.MAX) Study, a nationwide French cohort  study, to include all first primary incident cancers diagnosed between 1994 and 2007 (n = 512). Cases were matched with randomly selected controls (n = 1,024) on sex, age (in 2-year strata), body mass index (weight (kg)/height (m)(2); <25 vs.  >/=25), and SU.VI.MAX intervention group. Conditional logistic regression was used to study the associations between prediagnostic levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), adiponectin, leptin, soluble intercellular adhesion  molecule 1 (sICAM-1), soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, soluble E-selectin, and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 and cancer risk. All statistical tests were 2-sided. Plasma sICAM-1 level was positively associated with breast cancer risk (for quartile 4 vs. quartile 1, multivariate odds ratio (OR) = 1.86, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.06, 3.26; P(trend) = 0.048). Plasma  hs-CRP level was positively associated with prostate cancer risk (for quartile 4  vs. quartile 1, multivariate OR = 3.04, 95% CI: 1.28, 7.23; P(trend) = 0.03). These results suggest that prediagnostic hs-CRP and sICAM-1 levels are associated with increased prostate and breast cancer risk, respectively.

 

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[69]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Vorinostat and bortezomib synergistically cause ubiquitinated protein accumulation in prostate cancer cells.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Urol. 2012 Dec;188(6):2410-8. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.07.108. Epub 2012 Oct 22.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.juro.2012.07.108

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Sato A; Asano T; Ito K; Asano T

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan. zenpaku@ndmc.ac.jp

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: Protein ubiquitination is a novel strategy used to treat malignancies. We investigated whether the histone deacetylase inhibitor vorinostat (Cayman Chemical, Ann Arbor, Michigan) and the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib (LC Laboratories, Woburn, Massachusetts) would synergistically cause the accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins in prostate cancer cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: LNCaP, PC-3 and DU 145 cells (ATCC) were treated with vorinostat and/or bortezomib. Cell viability and induction of apoptosis were assessed. In vivo efficacy was evaluated in a murine subcutaneous tumor model using PC-3 cells. The influence of androgen receptor expression on bortezomib efficacy was examined using RNA interference. Changes in the expression of ubiquitinated proteins, cell cycle associated proteins and acetylated histone were evaluated. RESULTS: Androgen receptor expression seemed to decrease bortezomib activity. PC-3 and DU 145 cells were more susceptible to bortezomib than LNCaP cells and the silencing of androgen receptor expression in LNCaP cells enhanced bortezomib activity. Vorinostat and bortezomib synergistically induced apoptosis, inhibited prostate cancer cell growth and suppressed tumor growth in a murine xenograft model. The combination decreased cyclin D1 and cyclin-dependent kinase 4 expression, and increased p21 expression. The combination synergistically caused the accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins and histone acetylation. This histone acetylation was a consequence of the accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins. CONCLUSIONS: Vorinostat and bortezomib inhibit the growth of prostate cancer cells synergistically by causing ubiquitinated proteins to accumulate in cells. The current study provides a framework for testing the combination in patients with advanced prostate cancer.

 

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[70]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - NADiA ProsVue prostate-specific antigen slope is an independent prognostic marker for identifying men at reduced risk of clinical recurrence of prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Urology. 2012 Dec;80(6):1319-25. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2012.06.080. Epub 2012 Oct 26.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.urology.2012.06.080

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Moul JW; Lilja H; Semmes OJ; Lance RS; Vessella RL; Fleisher M; Mazzola C; Sarno MJ; Stevens B; Klem RE; McDermed JE; Triebell MT; Adams TH

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Division of Urologic Surgery and Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA. judd.moul@duke.edu

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - OBJECTIVE: To validate the hypothesis that men displaying serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) slopes </= 2.0 pg/mL/mo after prostatectomy, measured using a new immuno-polymerase chain reaction diagnostic test (NADiA ProsVue), have a reduced  risk of clinical recurrence as determined by positive biopsy, imaging findings, or death from prostate cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 4 clinical sites, we selected a cohort of 304 men who had been followed up for 17.6 years after prostatectomy for clinical recurrence. We assessed the prognostic value of a PSA  slope cutpoint of 2.0 pg/mL/mo against established risk factors to identify men at low risk of clinical recurrence using uni- and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression and Kaplan-Meier analyses. RESULTS: The univariate hazard ratio of a PSA slope >2.0 pg/mL/mo was 18.3 (95% confidence interval 10.6-31.8) compared with a slope </= 2.0 pg/mL/mo (P <.0001). The median disease-free survival interval was 4.8 years vs >10 years in the 2 groups (P <.0001). The multivariate hazard ratio for PSA slope with the covariates of preprostatectomy PSA, pathologic stage, and Gleason score was 9.8 (95% confidence interval 5.4-17.8), an 89.8% risk reduction for men with PSA slopes </= 2.0 pg/mL/mo (P <.0001). The Gleason score (<7 vs >/= 7) was the only other significant predictor (hazard ratio 5.4, 95% confidence interval 2.1-13.8, P = .0004). CONCLUSION: Clinical recurrence after radical prostatectomy is difficult to predict using established risk factors. We have demonstrated that a NADiA ProsVue PSA slope of  </= 2.0 pg/mL/mo after prostatectomy is prognostic for a reduced risk of prostate cancer recurrence and adds predictive power to the established risk factors.

 

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[71]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Robotic partial nephrectomy for small renal masses in patients with pre-existing  chronic kidney disease.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Urology. 2012 Oct;80(4):845-51. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2012.05.038.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.urology.2012.05.038

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Guillotreau J; Yakoubi R; Long JA; Klink J; Autorino R; Hillyer S; Miocinovic R; Rizkala E; Laydner H; Stein RJ; Kaouk JH; Haber GP

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - OBJECTIVE: To assess the outcomes of robotic partial nephrectomy in patients with pre-existing chronic kidney disease (CKD). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients who underwent robotic partial nephrectomy for renal tumors between 2007 and 2011 were identified from our prospectively maintained institutional database. Perioperative as well as short-term oncological and functional outcomes were assessed. A comparative analysis was performed between patients with pre-existing CKD (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] 15-60 mL/min, group 1, n = 52) and patients with eGFR >60 mL/min (group 2, n = 303). RESULTS: Group 1 patients were older (median 68 vs 57 years, P < .001), with higher American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) score (3 vs 2, P < .001) and a higher Charlson comorbidity index (7 vs 4, P < .001). Warm ischemia time (WIT) was similar in both groups (18 vs 18 minutes, P = .52). Group 1 had a higher postoperative complication rate (40.4% vs 21.1%, P = .003). Pathologic and oncological data were similar. After a median follow-up of 3 months (interquartile: 1-10), deterioration of eGFR was lower in group 1 patients (-5% vs -12%, P = .004). No endstage renal disease was  noted in either group. There was significantly less CKD upstaging in group 1 than in group 2 (11.5% vs 33.9%, P = .001). After multivariate analysis, preoperative  eGFR and WIT were independent predictors of latest eGFR. Less than 15% of patients with normal baseline renal function developed CKD stage III or higher. CONCLUSION: Despite a high risk of surgical complications, robotic partial nephrectomy only marginally affects renal function in patients with pre-existing  CKD.

 

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[72]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Increase in serum Ca2+/Mg2+ ratio promotes proliferation of prostate cancer cells by activating TRPM7 channels.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Biol Chem. 2013 Jan 4;288(1):255-63. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M112.393918. Epub 2012 Nov 20.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1074/jbc.M112.393918

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Sun Y; Selvaraj S; Varma A; Derry S; Sahmoun AE; Singh BB

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58201, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - TRPM7 is a novel magnesium-nucleotide-regulated metal current (MagNuM) channel that is regulated by serum Mg(2+) concentrations. Changes in Mg(2+) concentration have been shown to alter cell proliferation in various cells; however, the mechanism and the ion channel(s) involved have not yet been identified. Here we demonstrate that TRPM7 is expressed in control and prostate cancer cells. Supplementation of intracellular Mg-ATP or addition of external 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate inhibited MagNuM currents. Furthermore, silencing of TRPM7 inhibited whereas overexpression of TRPM7 increased endogenous MagNuM currents, suggesting that these currents are dependent on TRPM7. Importantly, although an increase in the serum Ca(2+)/Mg(2+) ratio facilitated Ca(2+) influx in both control and prostate cancer cells, a significantly higher Ca(2+) influx was observed in prostate cancer cells. TRPM7 expression was also increased in cancer cells, but its expression was not dependent on the Ca(2+)/Mg(2+) ratio per se. Additionally, an increase in the extracellular Ca(2+)/Mg(2+) ratio led to a significant increase in cell proliferation of prostate cancer cells when compared with control cells. Consistent with these results, age-matched prostate cancer patients also showed a subsequent increase in the Ca(2+)/Mg(2+) ratio and TRPM7 expression. Altogether, we provide evidence that the TRPM7 channel has an important role in prostate cancer and have identified that the Ca(2+)/Mg(2+) ratio could be essential for the initiation/progression of prostate cancer.

 

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[73]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Bicalutamide-induced hypoxia potentiates RUNX2-mediated Bcl-2 expression resulting in apoptosis resistance.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Br J Cancer. 2012 Nov 6;107(10):1714-21. doi: 10.1038/bjc.2012.455. Epub 2012 Oct 16.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1038/bjc.2012.455

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Browne G; Nesbitt H; Ming L; Stein GS; Lian JB; McKeown SR; Worthington J

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Biomedical Science Research Institute, University of Ulster, Cromore Road, Coleraine, Londonderry BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: We have previously shown that hypoxia selects for more invasive, apoptosis-resistant LNCaP prostate cancer cells, with upregulation of the osteogenic transcription factor RUNX2 and the anti-apoptotic factor Bcl-2 detected in the hypoxia-selected cells. Following this observation, we questioned through what biological mechanism this occurs. METHODS: We examined the effect of hypoxia on RUNX2 expression and the role of RUNX2 in the regulation of Bcl-2 and  apoptosis resistance in prostate cancer. RESULTS: Hypoxia increased RUNX2 expression in vitro, and bicalutamide-treated LNCaP tumours in mice (previously shown to have increased tumour hypoxia) exhibited increased RUNX2 expression. In  addition, RUNX2-overexpressing LNCaP cells showed increased cell viability, following bicalutamide and docetaxel treatment, which was inhibited by RUNX2 siRNA; a range of assays demonstrated that this was due to resistance to apoptosis. RUNX2 expression was associated with increased Bcl-2 levels, and regulation of Bcl-2 by RUNX2 was confirmed through chromatin immunoprecipitation  (ChIP) binding and reporter assays. Moreover, a Q-PCR array identified other apoptosis-associated genes upregulated in the RUNX2-overexpressing LNCaP cells. CONCLUSION: This study establishes a contributing mechanism for progression of prostate cancer cells to a more apoptosis-resistant and thus malignant phenotype, whereby increased expression of RUNX2 modulates the expression of apoptosis-associated factors, specifically Bcl-2.

 

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[74]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Melanoma antigen-A11 (MAGE-A11) enhances transcriptional activity by linking androgen receptor dimers.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Biol Chem. 2013 Jan 18;288(3):1939-52. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M112.428409. Epub 2012  Nov 21.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1074/jbc.M112.428409

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Minges JT; Su S; Grossman G; Blackwelder AJ; Pop EA; Mohler JL; Wilson EM

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Laboratories for Reproductive Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7500, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Prostate cancer growth and progression depend on androgen receptor (AR) signaling through transcriptional mechanisms that require interactions with coregulatory proteins, one of which is the primate-specific steroid receptor coregulator melanoma antigen-A11 (MAGE-A11). In this report, we provide evidence how increased expression of MAGE-A11 during prostate cancer progression enhances AR signaling and prostate cancer growth. MAGE-A11 protein levels were highest in castration-recurrent prostate cancer. The cyclic AMP-induced increase in androgen-dependent and androgen-independent AR transcriptional activity correlated with an increase in MAGE-A11 and was inhibited by silencing MAGE-A11 expression. MAGE-A11 mediated synergistic AR transcriptional activity in LAPC-4 prostate cancer cells. The ability of MAGE-A11 to rescue transcriptional activity of complementary inactive AR mutants and promote coimmunoprecipitation between unlike forms of AR suggests that MAGE-A11 links transcriptionally active AR dimers. A model for the AR.MAGE-A11 multidimeric complex is proposed in which one AR FXXLF motif of the AR dimer engages in the androgen-dependent AR NH(2)- and carboxyl-terminal interaction, whereas the second FXXLF motif region of the AR dimer interacts with dimeric MAGE-A11. The AR.MAGE-A11 multidimeric complex accounts for the dual functions of the AR FXXLF motif in the androgen-dependent AR NH(2)- and carboxyl-terminal interaction and binding MAGE-A11 and for synergy  between reported AR splice variants and full-length AR. We conclude that the increased expression of MAGE-A11 in castration-recurrent prostate cancer, which is enhanced by cyclic AMP signaling, increases AR-dependent growth of prostate cancer by MAGE-A11 forming a molecular bridge between transcriptionally active AR dimers.

 

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[75]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Associations of proteinuria, fluid volume imbalance, and body mass index with circadian ambulatory blood pressure in chronic kidney disease patients.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Kidney Blood Press Res. 2012;36(1):231-41. doi: 10.1159/000343412. Epub 2012 Nov  19.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1159/000343412

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Ohashi Y; Otani T; Tai R; Okada T; Tanaka K; Tanaka Y; Sakai K; Aikawa A

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Nephrology, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Background/Aims: Obesity and hypervolemic status are the main causes of hypertension in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, it is difficult to differentiate between them. We aimed to assess the associations of body mass index (BMI) and total body water (TBW) with ambulatory blood pressure (ABP). Methods: Body composition by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and 24-h ABP were measured in 40 patients with CKD. TBW was assessed using corrected  TBWBIA adjusted for body surface area (cTBWBIA) and the TBWBIA/TBWWatson ratio obtained using an anthropometric formula (Watson). Results: Elevated ABP (average 24-h BP >/= 135/85 mmHg) was noted in 23 patients, who were more likely to have a higher cTBWBIA and TBWBIA/TBWWatson ratio than patients without elevated BP. Patients with nocturnal non-dipping (<10% drop in BP during sleep) were more likely to have a higher TBWBIA/TBWWatson ratio. Proteinuria and the TBWBIA/TBWWatson ratio were significant independent factors for 24-h ABP. BMI had a positive correlation with the cTBWBIA, TBWBIA/TBWWatson ratio and furosemide use. Conclusion: Hypertension is dependent on proteinuria and fluid volume imbalance. The TBWBIA/TBWWatson ratio can serve as an indicator of fluid volume-dependent hypertension. BMI is affected by TBW, in which case BMI can become less involved with 24-h ABP.

 

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[76]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - A genetic variant of FcgammaRIIIa is strongly associatedwith humoral immunity to  cyclin B1 in African American patients with prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Immunogenetics. 2013 Feb;65(2):91-6. doi: 10.1007/s00251-012-0660-y. Epub 2012 Nov 1.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s00251-012-0660-y

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Pandey JP; Namboodiri AM; Kistner-Griffin E

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina,  Charleston, SC 29425-2230, USA. pandeyj@musc.edu

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - There are significant inter-individual differences in naturally occurring antibody responses to the tumor-associated antigen cyclin B1 in healthy subjects  with no history of cancer as well as in patients with multiple types of cancer, but the host genetic factors that might contribute to these differences have not  been identified. The aim of the present investigation was to determine whether the variation in endogenous antibody levels to cyclin B1 in patients with prostate cancer was associated with immunoglobulin GM and KM alleles, expressed on the constant regions of gamma and kappa chains, respectively. We also aimed to determine whether particular Fcgamma receptor (FcgammaR) genotypes, which have been implicated in the immunobiology of several cancers, contribute to the magnitude of humoral immunity to cyclin B1. DNA samples from 129 Caucasian American (CA) and 76 African American (AA) patients with prostate cancer were genotyped for several GM, KM, and FcgammaR alleles. Plasma samples from these subjects were also characterized for IgG antibodies to cyclin B1. No significant  associations were found between any genetic markers and the level of anticyclin B1 antibodies in CA patients. In AA patients, however, homozygosity for the valine allele at the FcgammaRIIIa locus was strongly associated with low antibody responsiveness to cyclin B1 (p = 0.0007). Since immunity to cyclin B1 has been shown to play a protective role, these results may, at least in part, explain the disproportionately higher rate of mortality in AA patients with prostate cancer.

 

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[77]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - miR-23b represses proto-oncogene Src kinase and functions as methylation-silenced tumor suppressor with diagnostic and prognostic significance in prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Cancer Res. 2012 Dec 15;72(24):6435-46. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-12-2181. Epub  2012 Oct 16.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1158/0008-5472.CAN-12-2181

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Majid S; Dar AA; Saini S; Arora S; Shahryari V; Zaman MS; Chang I; Yamamura S; Tanaka Y; Deng G; Dahiya R

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, VA Medical Center and UCSF, San Francisco, California 94121, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - The miRNAs have great potential as biomarkers and therapeutic agents owing to their ability to control multiple genes and potential to influence cellular behavior. Here, we identified that miR-23b is a methylation-silenced tumor suppressor in prostate cancer. We showed that miR-23b expression is controlled by promoter methylation and has great promise as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in prostate cancer. High levels of miR-23b expression are positively correlated with higher overall and recurrence-free survival in patients with prostate cancer. Furthermore, we elucidated the tumor suppressor role of miR-23b  using in vitro and in vivo models. We showed that proto-oncogene Src kinase and Akt are direct targets of miR-23b. Increased expression of miR-23b inhibited proliferation, colony formation, migration/invasion, and triggered G(0)-G(1) cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis in prostate cancer. Overexpression of miR-23b inhibited epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) causing a decline in mesenchymal markers Vimentin and Snail and increasing the epithelial marker, E-cadherin. Depletion of Src by RNA interference conferred similar functional effects as that of miR-23b reconstitution. miR-23b expression caused a dramatic decrease in tumor growth in nude mice and attenuated Src expression in excised tumors compared with a control miR. These findings suggest that miR-23b is a methylation-silenced tumor suppressor that may be a useful biomarker in prostate  cancer. Loss of miR-23b may confer proliferative advantage and promote prostate cancer migration and invasion, and reexpression of miR-23b may contribute to the  epigenetic therapy for prostate cancer.

 

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[78]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Lymphovascular invasion is independently associated with bladder cancer recurrence and survival in patients with final stage T1 disease and negative lymph nodes after radical cystectomy.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - BJU Int. 2012 Nov 26. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11455.x.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11455.x

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Tilki D; Shariat SF; Lotan Y; Rink M; Karakiewicz PI; Schoenberg MP; Lerner SP; Sonpavde G; Sagalowsky AI; Gupta A

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Klinikum Grosshadern, Munich, Germany.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - WHAT’S KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT? AND WHAT DOES THE STUDY ADD?: Lymphovascular invasion (LVI) is an important step in systemic cancer cell dissemination. LVI has been shown to be an independent predictor of disease recurrence and cancer-specific survival in urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB) for patients with carcinoma invading bladder muscle. Patients with final pathological stage T1N0 UCB who underwent radical cystectomy (RC) have not been separately analysed for influence of LVI on outcomes. Our study shows that LVI predicts disease recurrence and cancer-specific survival in patients with final stage T1 UCB after RC. OBJECTIVE: To determine the outcomes of patients with final pathological stage T1N0 disease after radical cystectomy (RC) for urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB) and to determine whether lymphovascular invasion (LVI) is an independent predictor of prognosis in these patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Records of 958 consecutive patients who underwent RC at three academic centres were reviewed. A total of 101 patients with negative lymph nodes and with final stage (the higher of the pre-RC clinical/transurethral resection [TUR] and  post-RC pathological stages) T1 UCB were identified. The median (range) follow-up was 38 (0.4-177) months and the median (range) number of nodes examined was 19 (9-80). RESULTS: Overall, 12/101 (11.9%) patients experienced cancer recurrence and 7/101 (6.9%) died from their cancer. The 3-year recurrence-free survival probability (SD) was 0.89 (0.04) and 3-year cancer-specific survival probability  (SD) was 0.96 (0.02). Six of 101 (6%) patients had LVI, of whom four experienced  disease recurrence and three died from bladder cancer. All recurrences and deaths occurred in patients who had either LVI and/or concomitant carcinoma in situ. On  multivariable analysis, LVI (hazard ratio [HR] 4.9, P = 0.01) and higher pathological stage (HR 8.5, P = 0.04) predicted cancer recurrence and LVI (HR 6.7, P = 0.01) predicted cancer-specific survival. CONCLUSIONS: LVI helps identify patients with final pathological T1N0 UCB who are at significantly increased risk of bladder cancer recurrence and death. These patients should be considered for close monitoring after cystectomy.

 

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[79]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Cancer risk in cystic fibrosis: a 20-year nationwide study from the United States.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Natl Cancer Inst. 2013 Jan 16;105(2):122-9. doi: 10.1093/jnci/djs481. Epub 2012 Nov 24.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1093/jnci/djs481

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Maisonneuve P; Marshall BC; Knapp EA; Lowenfels AB

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Eng, Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, European Institute of Oncology,  via Ripamonti 435, I-20141 Milan, Italy. patrick.maisonneuve@ieo.it

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Many patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) now reach adulthood, at which time the risk of cancer is increased. The aim of this study was to determine cancer risks in nontransplanted and transplanted CF patients. METHODS: From 1990  to 2009, we followed 41,188 patients who received care at one of the 250 CF care  center programs in the United States and compared the observed number of cancers  in nontransplanted and transplanted patients with that expected in the general US population. RESULTS: In 344,114 patient-years of observation of nontransplanted patients, the overall cancer risk was similar to the background risk (standardized incidence ratio [SIR] = 1.1, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.0 to  1.3). However, we observed an elevated risk of digestive tract cancer (SIR = 3.5, 95% CI = 2.6 to 4.7) involving the esophago-gastric junction, biliary tract, small bowel, and colon. There was also an increased risk of testicular cancer (SIR = 1.7, 95% CI = 1.02 to 2.7) and lymphoid leukemia (SIR = 2.0, 95% CI = 1.2  to 3.1) and a decreased risk of malignant melanoma (SIR = 0.4, 95% CI = 0.2 to 0.9). In 8235 patient-years of observation of transplanted patients, 26 tumors were observed compared with 9.6 expected (SIR = 2.7, 95% CI = 1.8 to 3.9). The increased risk was particularly high for digestive tract cancers (SIR = 17.3, 95% CI = 10.7 to 26.5), with most cases arising in the bowel. CONCLUSIONS: The overall burden of cancer in CF patients remains low; however they have an increased risk of digestive tract cancer, particularly following transplantation. They also have increased risk of lymphoid leukemia and testicular cancer, and decreased risk of melanoma.

 

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[80]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Assessing professional equipoise and views about a future clinical trial of invasive urodynamics prior to surgery for stress urinary incontinence in women: a survey within a mixed methods feasibility study.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Neurourol Urodyn. 2012 Nov;31(8):1223-30. doi: 10.1002/nau.22328. Epub 2012 Sep 28.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1002/nau.22328

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Hilton P; Bryant A; Howel D; McColl E; Buckley BS; Lucas M; Tincello DG; Armstrong N

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Directorate of Women’s Services, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK. paul.hilton@ncl.ac.uk

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - AIMS: To determine surgeons’ views on invasive urodynamic testing (IUT) prior to  surgery for stress (SUI) or stress predominant mixed urinary incontinence (MUI).  METHODS: Members of British Society of Urogynaecology (BSUG) and British Association of Urological Surgeons Section of Female, Neurological and Urodynamic Urology (BAUS-SFNUU) were sent an email invitation to complete an online “SurveyMonkey®” questionnaire regarding their current use of IUT prior to surgical treatment of SUI, their view about the necessity for IUT in various clinical scenarios, and their willingness to randomize patients into a future trial of IUT. A purposive sample of respondents was invited for telephone interview to explore further how they use IUT to inform clinical decisions, and to contextualize questionnaire responses. RESULTS: There were 176/517 (34%) responses, 106/332 (32%) from gynecologists/urogynecologists and 67/185 (36%) from urologists; all respondents had access to IUT, and 89% currently arrange IUT for most women with SUI or stress predominant MUI. For a variety of scenarios with increasingly complex symptoms the level of individual equipoise (“undecided” about IUT) was very low (1-6%) and community equipoise was, at best, 66:34 (IUT “essential” vs. “unnecessary”) even for the simplest scenario. Nevertheless, 70%  rated the research question underlying the proposed studies “very important” or “extremely important;” 60% recorded a “willingness to randomize” score >/=8/10. CONCLUSIONS: Most urogynecologists and urologists consider IUT essential before surgery in SUI with or without other symptoms. Most however recognize the need for further research, and indicated a willingness to recruit into multicenter trials addressing this question.

 

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[81]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Replacement treatment with microRNA-143 and -145 induces synergistic inhibition of the growth of human bladder cancer cells by regulating PI3K/Akt and MAPK signaling pathways.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Cancer Lett. 2013 Jan 28;328(2):353-61. doi: 10.1016/j.canlet.2012.10.017. Epub 2012 Oct 24.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.canlet.2012.10.017

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Noguchi S; Yasui Y; Iwasaki J; Kumazaki M; Yamada N; Naito S; Akao Y

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan. snoguchi@gifu-u.ac.jp

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - We recently reported that both microRNA (miR)-143 and -145 are downregulated in human bladder cancer T24 cells and that miR-143 targets ERK5. In this study, we assessed the anti-tumor effects of combination treatment with miR-143 and -145 on bladder cancer cell lines T24, SNK57, and NKB1, in which the expression levels of miR-143 and -145 are downregulated. The ectopic expression of both miR-143 and -145 led to a significantly synergistic growth inhibition of T24 and NKB1 cells,  but not that of SNK57 cells with the levels of miR-143 and -145 higher than those in T24 and NKB1 cells. The MAPK signaling pathway in NKB1 cells and both PI3K/Akt and MAPK signaling pathways in T24 cells were synergistically repressed by the co-treatment with miR-143 and -145. We newly elucidated that miR-143 targeted akt and that miR-145 targeted integrin-linked kinase (ilk) in T24 cells based on the  results of a luciferase activity assay. Silencing of ilk significantly inhibited  the growth of all the bladder cancer cells tested. Also, the level of phosphorylated ERK1/2 in T24 cells and that of phosphorylated Akt in SNK57 and NKB1 cells were decreased by ilk silencing. This study has provided novel important evidence with regard to the functions of anti-oncogenic miR-143 and -145 and also suggests the possible use of miR-143 and -145 for combination replacement therapy in cancers in which both miRNAs are downregulated.

 

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[82]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Human prostate tumor antigen-specific CD8+ regulatory T cells are inhibited by CTLA-4 or IL-35 blockade.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Immunol. 2012 Dec 15;189(12):5590-601. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1201744. Epub 2012 Nov 14.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 4049/jimmunol.1201744

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Olson BM; Jankowska-Gan E; Becker JT; Vignali DA; Burlingham WJ; McNeel DG

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI 53705, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Regulatory T cells play important roles in cancer development and progression by  limiting the generation of innate and adaptive anti-tumor immunity. We hypothesized that in addition to natural CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells, tumor Ag-specific Tregs interfere with the  detection of anti-tumor immunity after immunotherapy. Using samples from prostate cancer patients immunized with a DNA vaccine encoding prostatic acid phosphatase  (PAP) and a trans-vivo delayed-type hypersensitivity (tvDTH) assay, we found that the detection of PAP-specific effector responses after immunization was prevented by the activity of PAP-specific regulatory cells. These regulatory cells were CD8(+)CTLA-4(+), and their suppression was relieved by blockade of CTLA-4, but not IL-10 or TGF-beta. Moreover, Ag-specific CD8(+) Tregs were detected prior to  immunization in the absence of PAP-specific effector responses. These PAP-specific CD8(+)CTLA-4(+) suppressor T cells expressed IL-35, which was decreased after blockade of CTLA-4, and inhibition of either CTLA-4 or IL-35 reversed PAP-specific suppression of tvDTH response. PAP-specific CD8(+)CTLA-4(+) T cells also suppressed T cell proliferation in an IL-35-dependent, contact-independent fashion. Taken together, these findings suggest a novel population of CD8(+)CTLA-4(+) IL-35-secreting tumor Ag-specific Tregs arise spontaneously in some prostate cancer patients, persist during immunization, and  can prevent the detection of Ag-specific effector responses by an IL-35-dependent mechanism.

 

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[83]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Racial disparity in renal cell carcinoma patient survival according to demographic and clinical characteristics.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Cancer. 2013 Jan 15;119(2):388-94. doi: 10.1002/cncr.27690. Epub 2012 Nov 12.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1002/cncr.27690

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Chow WH; Shuch B; Linehan WM; Devesa SS

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. wchow@mdanderson.org

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) who are black tend to have poorer prognosis than similar patients who are white. This study examined whether the racial disparity in RCC patient survival varies by demographic and clinical characteristics. METHODS: Nearly 40,000 patients (4359 black and 34,991 white) diagnosed with invasive RCC from 1992 to 2007 were identified from 12 registries  in the National Cancer Institute Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program, covering approximately 14% of the US population. Relative survival rates through 2008 were computed using the actuarial method. RESULTS: Proportionally more blacks than whites were diagnosed with RCC under age 50 and with localized cancer. Overall, the 5-year relative survival rates were 72.6% (95% confidence interval 72.0%-73.2%) for white and 68.0% (66.2%-69.8%) for black patients. Survival was higher among women than men and among younger than older patients. Survival decreased with advancing tumor stage and, within each stage, decreased with increasing tumor size. Patients with clear cell RCC, a more common form among whites, had poorer prognosis than patients with papillary or chromophobe subtypes, which are more common among blacks. Survival for patients who received  no surgical treatment (10.5% of white patients and 14.5% of black patients) was substantially lower than for patients treated with nephrectomy, with similar survival among whites and blacks. In all other demographic and clinical subgroups of patients, whites consistently had a survival advantage over blacks. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with RCC who are white consistently have a survival advantage over those RCC patients who are black, regardless of age, sex, tumor stage or size, histological subtype, or surgical treatment.

 

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[84]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Nuclear export signal of androgen receptor (NESAR) regulation of androgen receptor level in human prostate cell lines via ubiquitination and proteasome-dependent degradation.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Endocrinology. 2012 Dec;153(12):5716-25. doi: 10.1210/en.2012-1841. Epub 2012 Oct 5.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1210/en.2012-1841

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Gong Y; Wang D; Dar JA; Singh P; Graham L; Liu W; Ai J; Xin Z; Guo Y; Wang Z

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital and Institute of Urology, Peking University, No. 8, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100034, China. gyl07@sina.com

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Androgen receptor (AR) plays a key role in prostate development and carcinogenesis. Increased expression and/or stability of AR is associated with sensitization of prostate cancer cells to low levels of androgens, leading to castration resistance. Hence, understanding the mechanisms regulating AR protein  stability is clinically relevant and may lead to new approaches to prevent and/or treat prostate cancer. Using fluorescence microscopy, Western blot, and pulse chase assay, we showed that nuclear export signal (NES)(AR), a nuclear export signal in the ligand binding domain (LBD) of AR, can significantly enhance the degradation of fusion protein constructs in PC3 prostate cancer cells. The half-life of GFP-NES(AR) was less than 3 h, which was 10 times shorter than that  of green fluorescent protein (GFP) control. Further analysis showed that NES(AR)  can signal for polyubiquitination and that degradation of NES(AR)-containing fusion proteins can be blocked by proteasome inhibitor MG132. Ubiquitination of GFP-AR or GFP-LBD was suppressed in the presence of dihydrotestosterone, which is known to suppress NES(AR) while inducing nuclear localization signal 2 in AR or LBD, suggesting that the export activity of NES(AR) is required for NES(AR)-mediated polyubiquitination. Treatment with MG132 also induced aggresome  formation of NES(AR)-containing fusion proteins in perinuclear regions of the transfected PC3 cells, indicating a role for NES(AR) in inducing unfolded protein responses. The above observations suggest that NES(AR) plays a key role in AR ubiquitination and proteasome-dependent degradation in prostate cancer cells.

 

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[85]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - A Prospective Randomized Trial of Povidone-Iodine Prophylactic Cleansing of the Rectum Before Transrectal Ultrasound Guided Prostate Biopsy.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Urol. 2012 Oct 2. pii: S0022-5347(12)05130-0. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.09.121.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.juro.2012.09.121

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Abughosh Z; Margolick J; Goldenberg SL; Taylor SA; Afshar K; Bell R; Lange D; Bowie WR; Roscoe D; Machan L; Black PC

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: Transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy can lead to urinary tract  infections in 3% to 11% and sepsis in 0.1% to 5% of patients. We investigated the efficacy of rectal cleansing with povidone-iodine before transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy to reduce infectious complications. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between 2009 and 2011, 865 men were prospectively randomized to rectal cleansing  (421) or no cleansing (444) before transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy. Patients received ciprofloxacin prophylaxis and rectal swab cultures were obtained before transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy. Patients completed a telephone interview 7 days after undergoing the biopsy. The primary end point was the rate of infectious complications, a composite end point of 1 or more of 1) fever greater than 38.0C, 2) urinary tract infection or 3) sepsis (standardized definition). Chi-square significance testing was performed for differences between groups and a multivariate analysis was performed to assess risk factors for infectious complications. RESULTS: Infectious complications were observed in 31 (3.5%) patients, including 11 (2.6%) treated and 20 (4.5%) control patients (p = 0.15). Sepsis was observed in 4 (1.0%) treated and 7 (1.6%) control patients (p = 0.55). On multivariate analysis resistance to ciprofloxacin in the  rectal swab culture (p = 0.002) and a history of taking ciprofloxacin in the 3 months preceding transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy (p = 0.009) predicted infectious complications. CONCLUSIONS: Rectal cleansing with povidone-iodine before transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy was safe, but the 42% relative risk reduction of infectious complications was not statistically significant. Patients who have received ciprofloxacin within 3 months of transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy should be considered for  alternate prophylaxis or possibly a delay of biopsy beyond 3 months.

 

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[86]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Female sex is an independent risk factor for reduced overall survival in bladder  cancer patients treated by transurethral resection and radio- or radiochemotherapy.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - World J Urol. 2012 Oct 23.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s00345-012-0971-5

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Keck B; Ott OJ; Haberle L; Kunath F; Weiss C; Rodel C; Sauer R; Fietkau R; Wullich B; Krause FS

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, University Hospital Erlangen, Universitatsstrasse 12, 91052, Erlangen, Germany, bastian.keck@uk-erlangen.de.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: To evaluate sex as a possible prognostic factor in bladder cancer patients treated with transurethral resection (TURBT) and radio- (RT) or radiochemotherapy (RCT). METHODS: Kaplan-Meier analyses and multiple Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were performed to analyze sex as a possible prognostic factor on the overall (OS) and cancer-specific (CSS) survival of 386 male and 105 female patients who underwent TURBT and RCT or RT with curative intent between 1982 and 2007. RESULTS: After a follow-up of 5 years, female sex demonstrated a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.79 (95 % CI 1.24-2.57) for OS; for CSS, the HR was 2.4 (95 % CI 1.52-3.80). Sex was an adverse prognosticator of both OS and CSS independent from age at diagnosis, cT stage, grading, concurrent  cis, LVI, focality, therapy response, resection status and therapy mode. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed significantly reduced OS of women compared with men, with a median survival of 2.3 years for female patients and 5.1 years for male patients (p = 0.045, log-rank test). The estimated median CSS was 7.1 years for female patients and 12.7 years for male patients (p = 0.11, log-rank test). CONCLUSIONS: Female sex is an independent prognostic factor for reduced OS and CSS in bladder cancer patients treated by TURBT and RT or RCT. These data are in  agreement with those reported for OS after radical cystectomy in muscle-invasive  bladder cancers. Therefore, further studies are strongly warranted to obtain more information about molecular differences regarding sex-specific carcinogenesis in  bladder cancer and about possible therapeutic considerations.

 

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[87]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Colorectal cancer screening in kidney disease patients: working backwards.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2013 Apr;28(4):774-7. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfs523. Epub 2012 Nov 4.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1093/ndt/gfs523

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Kiberd B

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Correspondence and offprint requests to: Bryce Kiberd; E-mail bryce.kiberd@dal.ca.

 

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[88]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Re: Combination of channel-TURP and ILC versus standard TURP or ILC for elderly with benign prostatic hyperplasia: a randomized prospective trial.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Urol. 2012 Dec;188(6):2311-2. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.08.154. Epub 2012 Oct 22.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.juro.2012.08.154

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Kaplan SA

 

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[89]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Prospective study on metabolic factors and risk of prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Cancer. 2012 Dec 15;118(24):6199-206. doi: 10.1002/cncr.27677. Epub 2012 Oct 22.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1002/cncr.27677

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Haggstrom C; Stocks T; Ulmert D; Bjorge T; Ulmer H; Hallmans G; Manjer J; Engeland A; Nagel G; Almqvist M; Selmer R; Concin H; Tretli S; Jonsson H; Stattin P

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Umea University Hospital, Umea University, Umea, Sweden. christel.haggstrom@urologi.umu.se

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: There are inconsistent data regarding the association between metabolic factors, separately and combined, and the risk of prostate cancer and death from prostate cancer. METHODS: In the Metabolic Syndrome and Cancer Project (Me-Can), data on body mass index (BMI); blood pressure; and blood levels of glucose, cholesterol, and triglycerides were collected for 289,866 men. Cox proportional hazard models were used to calculate relative risks (RRs) by exposures in quintiles as well as for z scores (with a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1) together with a composite sum of scores to assess the combined effect of metabolic factors. RRs were corrected for random errors in measurement. RESULTS: During a mean follow-up of 12 years, 6673 men were diagnosed with prostate cancer and 961 died of the disease. Men with high levels of glucose and  triglycerides were found to have a decreased risk of prostate cancer: top versus  bottom quintile of glucose: RR, 0.82 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.62-1.08; P value for trend = .03) and top versus bottom quintile of triglycerides: RR, 0.88 (95% CI, 0.74-1.04; P value for trend = .001). High BMI,  elevated blood pressure, and a high composite z score were found to be associated with an increased risk of death from prostate cancer: top versus bottom quintile  of BMI: RR, 1.36 (95% CI, 1.08-1.71); systolic blood pressure: RR, 1.62 (95% CI,  1.07-2.45); and per 1-unit increase of the composite z score: RR, 1.13 (95% CI, 1.03-1.25). CONCLUSIONS: The authors found no evidence of an association between  high levels of metabolic factors and the risk of prostate cancer, but high BMI, elevated blood pressure, and a composite score of all metabolic factors were associated with an increased risk of death from prostate cancer.

 

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[90]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Benzyl isothiocyanate induces protective autophagy in human prostate cancer cells via inhibition of mTOR signaling.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Carcinogenesis. 2013 Feb;34(2):406-14. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgs359. Epub 2012 Nov  21.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1093/carcin/bgs359

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Lin JF; Tsai TF; Liao PC; Lin YH; Lin YC; Chen HE; Chou KY; Hwang TI

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Central Laboratory, Shin-Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei 111, Taiwan.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) is a dietary chemopreventive agent that inhibits the growth of various human cancer cells by causing apoptotic cell death. In this study, we demonstrate that BITC not only induces apoptosis but also induces autophagy in human hormone-sensitive (Rv1) and -refractory (PC3) prostate cancer  cells. In BITC-treated cells, the induction of autophagy was detected by monitoring the processing of an autophagy marker protein, microtubule-associated  protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3), the aggregation of LC3 into granular structures and the formation of acidic organelles. Inhibition of autophagy using 3-methyladenine increased BITC-induced apoptosis, whereas the administration of caspase inhibitor suppressed BITC-induced cell death. Our data also showed that BITC inhibits mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase activity in a dose-dependent manner. The expression of phospho-mTOR (Ser2481), an indicator of  mTOR intrinsic catalytic activity, and phospho-UNC-51-like kinase 1 (Ser757), a direct substrate of mTOR, were decreased in BITC-treated cells. However, the increased expression of phospho-mTOR (Ser2448), phospho-AKT (Ser473) and antiapoptotic Bcl-2 were detected only in PC3 cells at later stages of BITC treatment. Collectively, our results show that BITC induces a protective autophagy response in Rv1 and PC3 cells through inhibition of the mTOR signaling  pathway. Activation of the AKT survival pathway was only observed in PC3 cells, representing a resistance mechanism of advanced prostate cancer upon BITC treatment. These findings could potentially contribute to the beneficial effect of BITC in prostate cancer treatments.

 

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[91]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - The utility of e-Learning to support training for a multicentre bladder online adaptive radiotherapy trial (TROG 10.01-BOLART).

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Radiother Oncol. 2012 Nov 22. pii: S0167-8140(12)00476-8. doi: 10.1016/j.radonc.2012.10.019.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.radonc.2012.10.019

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Foroudi F; Pham D; Bressel M; Tongs D; Rolfo A; Styles C; Gill S; Kron T

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Division of Radiation Oncology and Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia. Electronic address: farshad.foroudi@petermac.org.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: An e-Learning programme appeared useful for providing training and information regarding a multi-centre image guided radiotherapy trial. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the utility of this e-Learning programme. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Modules were created on relevant pelvic anatomy, Cone Beam CT soft tissue recognition and trial details. Radiation therapist participants’ knowledge and confidence were evaluated before, at the end of, and after at least 6weeks of e-Learning (long term). RESULTS: One hundred and eighty-five participants were recruited from 12 centres, with 118 in the first, and 67 in the second cohort. One hundred and forty-six participants had two tests (pre and post e-Learning) and 39 of these had three tests (pre, post, and long term). There was an increase confidence after completion of modules (p<0.001). The first cohort pre scores increased from 67+/-11 to 79+/-8 (p<0.001) post. The long term same question score was 73+/-14 (p=0.025, comparing to pre-test), and different questions’ score was 77+/-13 (p=0.014). In the second cohort, pre-test scores were 64+/-10, post-test same question score 78+/-9 (p<0.001) and different questions’ score 81+/-11 (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: e-Learning for a multi-centre clinical trial was feasible and improved confidence and knowledge.

 

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[92]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Investigative clinical study on prostate cancer part IX and X: estradiol and the  pituitary-testicular-prostate axis at the time of initial diagnosis and subsequent cluster selection of the patient population after radical prostatectomy.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Anticancer Res. 2012 Oct;32(10):4523-32.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Porcaro AB; Ghimenton C; Petrozziello A; Sava T; Migliorini F; Romano M; Caruso B; Cocco C; Antoniolli SZ; Lacola V; Rubilotta E; Monaco C

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Departments of Urology, University Integrated Hospitals, Civil Major Hospital, Verona, Italy. drporcaro@yahoo.com

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - AIM: To evaluate estradiol (E(2)) physiopathology along the pituitary-testicular-prostate axis at the time of initial diagnosis of prostate cancer (PC) and subsequent cluster selection of the patient population. PATIENTS  AND METHODS: Records of the diagnosed (n=105) and operated (n=91) patients were retrospectively reviewed. Age, percentage of positive cores at-biopsy (P+), biopsy Gleason score (bGS), E(2), prolactin (PRL), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), total testosterone (TT), free-testosterone (FT), prostate-specific antigen (PSA), pathology Gleason score (pGS), estimated tumor volume in relation to percentage of prostate volume (V+), overall prostate  weight (Wi), clinical stage (cT), biopsy Gleason pattern (bGP) and pathology stage (pT), were the investigated variables. None of the patients had previously  undergone hormonal manipulations. E(2) correlation and prediction by multiple linear regression analysis (MLRA) was performed. At diagnosis, the log E(2)/log bGS ratio clustered the population into groups A (log E(2)/log bGS </= 2.25), B (2.25<log E(2)/log bGS </= 2.48) and C (2.48< log E(2)/log bGS </= 2.59). The operated population was clustered according to the log E(2)/log pGS ratio into groups A (log E(2)/log pGS </= 2.25), B (2.25< log E(2)/log pGS </= 2.48) and C (2.48< log E(2)/log pGS </= 2.59). Simple linear regression analysis of bGS and pGS predicting E(2) was computed; differences between the clusters were assessed  by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and by contingency tables. RESULTS: At diagnosis, E(2) was correlated to TT (r=0.32, p=0.0006) and FT (r=0.25, p=0.0009); moreover, E(2) was independently-predicted by TT (p=0.009) and bGS (p=0.04) on MLRA. The bGS significantly predicted E(2) in all groups. Groups A, B and C differed in mean values for E(2) (p<0.0001), TT (p=0.005), FT (p=0.05), P+ (p=0.01) and bGS (p=0.003); moreover, the frequencies of the different bGPs were significantly different in the three groups (p=0.004). Interestingly, groups A, B, and C were associated with high-, intermediate- and low-bGS tumor grade, as well as with low-, intermediate- and high-serum levels of E(2), TT and FT, respectively. In the operated population, E(2) significantly correlated to FSH (r=-0.20, p=0.04),  TT (r=0.34, p=0.0008), FT (r=0.29, p=0.003), bGS (r=0.22, p=0.03) and V+ (r=0.26, p=0.01); moreover, E(2) was independently-predicted by TT (p=0.05) and bGS (p=0.03) on MLRA. The pGS significantly predicted E(2) in all groups that differed for mean values of E(2) (p<0.0001), TT (p=0.004), FT (p=0.002) and pGS (p=0.007), as well as for pT (p<0.0001) and pGS (p=0.008) frequencies. Interestingly, clusters A, B, and C were associated with high-, intermediate- and low-pGS-pT frequencies as well as with low-, intermediate- and high-mean serum levels of E(2), TT and FT, respectively. CONCLUSION: In a diagnosed- and operated-PC population, E(2) serum levels were functionally related along the pituitary-testis-prostate cancer axis; also the log E(2)/log bGS and log E(2)/log pGS ratio, clustered the population in three groups where the risk of progression might be ranked as high (group A), intermediate (group B) and low (group C). However, further confirmatory studies are needed.

 

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[93]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Invited commentary: circulating inflammation markers and cancer risk—implications for epidemiologic studies.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Am J Epidemiol. 2013 Jan 1;177(1):14-9. doi: 10.1093/aje/kws357. Epub 2012 Nov 20.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1093/aje/kws357

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Chaturvedi AK; Moore SC; Hildesheim A

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Infections and Immunoepidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics,National Cancer Institute, 6120 Executive Boulevard, EPS 7072, Rockville, MD 20852, USA. chaturva@mail.nih.gov

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Chronic inflammation, an established risk factor for cardiovascular disease, is increasingly being recognized as an etiologic factor in several cancers. In this  issue of the Journal, Touvier et al. (Am J Epidemiol. 2013;177(1):3-13) report on the association of 7 markers of inflammation, adiposity, and endothelial function with risk of overall cancer and breast and prostate cancers in a nested case-control study carried out within the SU.VI.MAX cohort (France, 1994-2007). Consistent with previous reports on this topic, Touvier et al. focused on a limited number of markers. Future studies of inflammation and cancer should be able to capitalize on emerging multiplexed methods for the simultaneous detection of larger numbers of inflammatory markers in low-volume specimens. This should allow a more comprehensive evaluation of the role of inflammation in cancer development. In this commentary, the authors review emerging methods for measurement of multiplexed inflammation markers, the design and analytic implications of the use of these methods in epidemiologic studies, and potential  public health implications of such studies. Given that many large prospective cohort studies have already collected and banked serum/plasma samples, rapid gains in our understanding of chronic inflammation and its role in cancer etiology are possible.

 

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[94]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Fatty acid patterns and risk of prostate cancer in a case-control study nested within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Am J Clin Nutr. 2012 Dec;96(6):1354-61. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.112.034157. Epub 2012 Nov 7.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 3945/ajcn.112.034157

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Dahm CC; Gorst-Rasmussen A; Crowe FL; Roswall N; Tjonneland A; Drogan D; Boeing H; Teucher B; Kaaks R; Adarakis G; Zylis D; Trichopoulou A; Fedirko V; Chajes V; Jenab M; Palli D; Pala V; Tumino R; Ricceri F; van Kranen H; Bueno-de-Mesquita HB; Quiros JR; Sanchez MJ; Lujan-Barroso L; Larranaga N; Chirlaque MD; Ardanaz E; Johansson M; Stattin P; Khaw KT; Wareham N; Wark PA; Norat T; Riboli E; Key TJ; Overvad K

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Cardiology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Aarhus University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark. ccd@soci.au.dk

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Fatty acids in blood may be related to the risk of prostate cancer, but epidemiologic evidence is inconsistent. Blood fatty acids are correlated through shared food sources and common endogenous desaturation and elongation pathways. Studies of individual fatty acids cannot take this into account, but pattern analysis can. Treelet transform (TT) is a novel method that uses data correlation structures to derive sparse factors that explain variation. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to gain further insight in the association between plasma fatty acids and risk of prostate cancer by applying TT to take data correlations into account. DESIGN: We reanalyzed previously published data from a case-control study of prostate cancer nested within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort. TT was used to derive factors explaining the variation in 26 plasma phospholipid fatty acids of 962 incident prostate cancer cases matched to 1061 controls. Multiple imputation was  used to deal with missing data in covariates. ORs of prostate cancer according to factor scores were determined by using multivariable conditional logistic regression. RESULTS: Four simple factors explained 38% of the variation in plasma fatty acids. A high score on a factor reflecting a long-chain n-3 PUFA pattern was associated with greater risk of prostate cancer (OR for highest compared with lowest quintile: 1.36; 95% CI: 0.99, 1.86; P-trend = 0.041). CONCLUSION: Pattern  analyses using TT groupings of correlated fatty acids indicate that intake or metabolism of long-chain n-3 PUFAs may be relevant to prostate cancer etiology.

 

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[95]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Three-dimensional radiobiological dosimetry of kidneys for treatment planning in  peptide receptor radionuclide therapy.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Med Phys. 2012 Oct;39(10):6118-28. doi: 10.1118/1.4752213.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1118/1.4752213

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Baechler S; Hobbs RF; Boubaker A; Buchegger F; He B; Frey EC; Sgouros G

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Institute of Radiation Physics, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland. sebastien.baechler@chuv.ch

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) delivers high absorbed doses to kidneys and may lead to permanent nephropathy. Reliable dosimetry of kidneys is thus critical for safe and effective PRRT. The aim of this work was to assess the feasibility of planning PRRT based on 3D radiobiological dosimetry (3D-RD) in order to optimize both the amount of activity to administer and the fractionation scheme, while limiting the absorbed dose and the biological effective dose (BED) to the renal cortex. METHODS: Planar and SPECT data were available for a patient examined with (111)In-DTPA-octreotide at 0.5 (planar only), 4, 24, and 48 h post-injection. Absorbed dose and BED distributions were calculated for common therapeutic radionuclides, i.e., (111)In, (90)Y and (177)Lu, using the 3D-RD methodology. Dose-volume histograms were computed and mean absorbed doses to kidneys, renal cortices, and medullae were compared with results obtained using the MIRD schema (S-values) with the multiregion kidney dosimetry model. Two different treatment planning approaches based on (1) the fixed absorbed dose to the cortex and (2) the fixed BED to the cortex were then considered to optimize the activity to administer by varying the number of fractions. RESULTS: Mean absorbed doses calculated with 3D-RD were in good agreement with those obtained with S-value-based SPECT dosimetry for (90)Y and (177)Lu. Nevertheless, for (111)In, differences of 14% and 22% were found for the whole kidneys and the cortex, respectively. Moreover, the authors found that planar-based dosimetry systematically underestimates the absorbed dose in comparison with SPECT-based methods, up to 32%. Regarding the 3D-RD-based treatment planning using a fixed BED constraint to the renal cortex, the optimal  number of fractions was found to be 3 or 4, depending on the radionuclide administered and the value of the fixed BED. Cumulative activities obtained using the proposed simulated treatment planning are compatible with real activities administered to patients in PRRT. CONCLUSIONS: The 3D-RD treatment planning approach based on the fixed BED was found to be the method of choice for clinical implementation in PRRT by providing realistic activity to administer and number of cycles. While dividing the activity in several cycles is important to reduce renal toxicity, the clinical outcome of fractionated PRRT should be investigated  in the future.

 

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[96]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Role of prostaglandin receptor EP2 in the regulations of cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and inflammation.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2013 Feb;344(2):360-7. doi: 10.1124/jpet.112.200444. Epub 2012 Nov 28.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1124/jpet.112.200444

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Jiang J; Dingledine R

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. jjiang3@emory.edu

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Population studies, preclinical, and clinical trials suggest a role for cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2, PTGS2) in tumor formation and progression. The downstream prostanoid receptor signaling pathways involved in tumorigenesis are poorly understood, although prostaglandin E2 (PGE(2)), a major COX-2 metabolite which is usually upregulated in the involved tissues, presumably plays important  roles in tumor biology. Taking advantage of our recently identified novel selective antagonist for the EP2 (PTGER2) subtype of PGE(2) receptor, we demonstrated that EP2 receptor activation could promote prostate cancer cell growth and invasion in vitro, accompanied by upregulation of the tumor-promoting  inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1beta and IL-6. Our results suggest the involvement of prostaglandin receptor EP2 in cancer cell proliferation and invasion possibly via its inflammatory actions, and indicate that selective blockade of the PGE(2)-EP2 signaling pathway via small molecule antagonists might represent a novel therapy for tumorigenesis.

 

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[97]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - The enzymatic activity of apoptosis-inducing factor supports energy metabolism benefiting the growth and invasiveness of advanced prostate cancer cells.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Biol Chem. 2012 Dec 21;287(52):43862-75. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M112.407650. Epub 2012 Nov 1.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1074/jbc.M112.407650

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Lewis EM; Wilkinson AS; Jackson JS; Mehra R; Varambally S; Chinnaiyan AM; Wilkinson JC

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) promotes cell death yet also controls mitochondrial homeostasis and energy metabolism. It is unclear how these activities are coordinated, and the impact of AIF upon human disease, in particular cancer, is not well documented. In this study we have explored the contribution of AIF to the progression of prostate cancer. Analysis of archival gene expression data demonstrated that AIF transcript levels are elevated in human prostate cancer, and we found that AIF protein is increased in prostate tumors. Suppression of AIF expression in the prostate cancer cell lines LNCaP, DU145, and PC3 demonstrated that AIF does not contribute to cell toxicity via a variety of chemical death triggers, and growth under nutrient-rich conditions is  largely unaffected by AIF ablation. However, under growth stress conditions, AIF  depletion from DU145 and PC3 cell lines led to significant reductions in cell survival and growth that were not observed in LNCaP cells. Moreover AIF-deficient PC3 cells exhibited substantial reduction of tumorigenic growth in vivo. This reduced survival correlated with decreased expression of mitochondrial complex I  protein subunits and concomitant changes in glucose metabolism. Finally, restoration of AIF-deficient PC3 cells with AIF variants demonstrated that the enzymatic activity of AIF is required for aggressive growth. Overall these studies show that AIF is an important factor for advanced prostate cancer cells and that through control of energy metabolism and redox balance, the enzymatic activity of AIF is critical for this support.

 

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[98]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - PARK2 and PACRG are commonly downregulated in clear-cell renal cell carcinoma and are associated with aggressive disease and poor clinical outcome.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Genes Chromosomes Cancer. 2013 Mar;52(3):265-73. doi: 10.1002/gcc.22026. Epub 2012 Nov 2.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1002/gcc.22026

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Toma MI; Wuttig D; Kaiser S; Herr A; Weber T; Zastrow S; Koch R; Meinhardt M; Baretton GB; Wirth MP; Fuessel S

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Tehnical University of Dresden, Germany. marieta.toma@uniklinikum-dresden.de

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PARK2 is an E3 ligase, known to be involved in ubiquitination of several proteins and to play a role in neuronal protection. The gene PARK2 and its potentially co-regulated gene PACRG have been previously found to be deleted in clear-cell renal cell carcinomas (ccRCCs). The aim of our study was to evaluate the mRNA and protein expression of PARK2 and PACRG in a large cohort of ccRCC, and to investigate their association with outcome. The expression of both genes was measured by quantitative PCR in 94 primary ccRCCs and autologous nonmalignant kidney tissues. PACRG and PARK2 protein expression was determined immunohistochemically using tissue microarrays comprising 133 ccRCCs. The mRNA and protein expression of PARK2 and PACRG was significantly downregulated in ccRCCs compared with nonmalignant tissues. Low levels of PARK2 mRNA were associated with high-grade ccRCC and lymph node metastasis. Patients with low PARK2 mRNA levels showed a higher tumor-specific mortality rate and a shorter overall survival (OS) than those with high PARK2 expression. Patients without PACRG mRNA expression in the tumor had a shorter disease-free survival and OS than those with tumors expressing PACRG. In multivariate analyses, neither PARK2  nor PACRG expression were independent prognostic factors. The protein expression  of PARK2 and PACRG was significantly downregulated in ccRCCs (82.8, and 96.9%, respectively), but no association with clinical outcome was noticed.

 

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[99]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Remodeling of the muscle layer (detrusor muscle) of hyperactive bladder disease in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Bull Exp Biol Med. 2012 Sep;153(5):778-83.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Nepomnyashchikh LM; Lushnikova EL; Neimark AI

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Institute of Regional Pathology and Pathomorphology, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia. pathol@soramn.ru

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - We studied remodeling of the detrusor of hyperactive bladder in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Detrusor remodeling was caused by degenerative and  atrophic changes and elimination of smooth muscle cells, compensatory hypertrophy of remaining cells, and diffuse or focal-diffuse replacement fibrosis. Focal or diffuse infiltration of all layers of the detrusor with lymphocytes and plasma cells is an important pathologic feature of hyperactive bladder. These changes correlated with pronounced remodeling of the glandular and fibrotic-muscular layers in the prostate gland. We have identified stereotyped patterns of the intracellular reorganization of smooth muscle cells in the detrusor of hyperactive bladder and in the prostate with benign prostatic hyperplasia, which  represent both the compensatory and adaptive reactions (hypertrophied cells with  minor ultrastructural changes) and the types of smooth muscle cell injury (“dark” electron-dense cells and “light” cells with pronounced lysis of myofilaments and  discomplexation of organelles).

 

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[100]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Chip-based nanostructured sensors enable accurate identification and classification of circulating tumor cells in prostate cancer patient blood samples.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Anal Chem. 2013 Jan 2;85(1):398-403. doi: 10.1021/ac3029739. Epub 2012 Dec 11.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1021/ac3029739

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Ivanov I; Stojcic J; Stanimirovic A; Sargent E; Nam RK; Kelley SO

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, Sunnybrook  Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - The identification and analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) is an important goal for the development of noninvasive cancer diagnosis. Here we describe a chip-based method using nanostructured microelectrodes and electrochemical readout that confirms the identity of isolated CTCs and successfully interrogates them for specific biomarkers. We successfully analyze and classify prostate tumor cells, first in cultured cells, and ultimately in a pilot study involving blood samples from 16 prostate cancer patients as well as additional healthy controls.  In all cases, and for all biomarkers investigated, the novel chip-based assay produced results that agreed with polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The approach developed has a simple workflow and scalable multiplexing, which makes it ideal for further studies of CTC biomarkers.

 

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[101]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Incidental findings at initial imaging workup of patients with prostate cancer: clinical significance and outcomes.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2012 Dec;199(6):1305-11. doi: 10.2214/AJR.11.8417.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 2214/AJR.11.8417

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Elmi A; Tabatabaei S; Talab SS; Hedgire SS; Cao K; Harisinghani M

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Division of Abdominal Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit St, White 270, Boston, MA 02114, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this article is to evaluate the frequency and clinical  relevance of incidental findings in patients with prostate cancer who underwent abdominopelvic contrast-enhanced CT examination for initial staging workup. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 355 initial staging abdominopelvic contrast-enhanced CT examinations conducted from January 2000 to December 2010 in patients with prostate cancer for incidental findings that were  not related to prostate cancer. A finding was judged to be potentially significant if therapeutic intervention, additional imaging, or tissue sampling was deemed advisable. The rate of incidental findings was correlated to patients’ age and stratified prostate cancer risk groups. RESULTS: We found 779 incidental  finding in 292 patients (82.3%), of which 75 findings in 73 patients (20.6%) were potentially significant. Indeterminate masses were the most prevalent significant finding (n = 62). Synchronous malignancy was detected in 21 patients (5.9%). Kidney cancer (n = 7 [1.97%]) was the most common malignancy, followed by lymphoma (n = 4 [1.13%]). Staging of the cancers revealed that 15 patients, including all of those with renal cancer, had N0M0 disease. Significant vascular  abnormalities were reported in six cases. Additionally, significant findings, synchronous malignancies in particular, were identified at a higher rate in patients older than 65 years. However, no significant differences were noticed between the different prostate cancer risk groups. CONCLUSION: Abdominal contrast-enhanced CT for initial staging of prostate cancer shows a considerable  prevalence of incidental vascular events and synchronous cancers, with kidney cancers being the most common. Notably, 71.5% of these malignancies were at early stage. Our results show an incremental value of CT in prostate cancer staging, with an emphasis on focused evaluation of the kidneys.

 

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[102]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Intraperitoneal catumaxomab therapy in a cirrhotic patient with malignant ascites due to urethelial carcinoma: a case report.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Onkologie. 2012;35(10):592-4. doi: 10.1159/000342670. Epub 2012 Sep 18.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1159/000342670

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Krawczyk M; Zimmermann S; Vidacek D; Lammert F

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Medicine II, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Refractory malignant ascites is a common complication in tumor patients. To date, chemotherapy and paracentesis represent the most widely used methods to relieve the symptoms. Lately, intraperitoneal therapy with catumaxomab, a trifunctional hybrid antibody, has been introduced for the treatment of malignant ascites, and its utility has been demonstrated in patients with distinct abdominal malignancies. CASE REPORT: We report the first case of successful catumaxomab treatment of malignant ascites in a patient with advanced  carcinoma of the urinary bladder and liver cirrhosis. Although at admission a large volume paracentesis was needed every other day, paracentesis was no longer  necessary after catumaxomab therapy. CONCLUSION: Catumaxomab might represent a safe treatment option for malignant ascites in the course of metastatic urothelial carcinoma, also in the setting of liver cirrhosis.

 

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[103]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - The REDUCE Follow-Up Study: low rate of new prostate cancer diagnoses observed during a 2-year, observational, followup study of men who participated in the REDUCE trial.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Urol. 2013 Mar;189(3):871-7. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.09.099. Epub 2012 Sep 25.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.juro.2012.09.099

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Grubb RL; Andriole GL; Somerville MC; Mahoney C; Manyak MJ; Castro R

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Division of Urologic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA. grubbr@wudosis.wustl.edu

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: The primary objective of the REDUCE (REduction by DUtasteride of prostate Cancer Events) Follow-Up Study was to collect data on the occurrence of  newly diagnosed prostate cancers for 2 years beyond the 4-year REDUCE study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The 4-year REDUCE study evaluated prostate cancer risk reduction in men taking dutasteride. This 2-year observational study followed men from REDUCE with a clinic visit shortly after study conclusion and with up to 2 annual telephone calls during which patient reported data were collected regarding prostate cancer events, chronic medication use, prostate specific antigen levels and serious adverse events. No study drug was provided and all biopsies during the 2-year followup were performed for cause. The primary objective was to collect data on the occurrence of new biopsy detectable prostate cancers. Secondary end points included assessment of Gleason score and serious adverse events. RESULTS: A total of 2,751 men enrolled in the followup study with numbers similar to those of the REDUCE former treatment groups (placebo and dutasteride). Few new prostate cancers were detected during the 2-year followup period in either former treatment group. A greater number of cancers were detected in the former dutasteride group than in the former placebo group (14 vs  7 cases). No Gleason score 8-10 prostate cancers were detected in either former treatment group based on central pathology review. No new safety issues were identified during the study. CONCLUSIONS: Two years of followup of the REDUCE study cohort demonstrated a low rate of new prostate cancer diagnoses in the former placebo and dutasteride treated groups. No new Gleason 8-10 cancers were detected.

 

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[104]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Emission guided radiation therapy for lung and prostate cancers: a feasibility study on a digital patient.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Med Phys. 2012 Nov;39(11):7140-52. doi: 10.1118/1.4761951.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1118/1.4761951

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Fan Q; Nanduri A; Mazin S; Zhu L

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: Accurate tumor tracking remains a challenge in current radiation therapy. Many strategies including image guided radiation therapy alleviate the problem to certain extents. The authors propose a new modality called emission guided radiation therapy (EGRT) to accurately and directly track the tumor based  on its biological signature. This work is to demonstrate the feasibility of EGRT  under two clinical scenarios using a 4D digital patient model. METHODS: EGRT uses lines of response (LOR’s) from positron emission events to direct beamlets of therapeutic radiation through the emission sites inside a tumor. This is accomplished by a radiation delivery system consisting of a Linac and positron emission tomography (PET) detectors on a fast rotating closed-ring gantry. During the treatment of radiotracer-administrated cancer patients, PET detectors collect LOR’s from tumor uptake sites and the Linac responds in nearly real-time with beamlets of radiation along the same LOR paths. Moving tumors are therefore treated with a high targeting accuracy. Based on the EGRT concept, the authors design a treatment method with additional modulation algorithms including attenuation correction and an integrated boost scheme. Performance is evaluated using simulations of a lung tumor case with 3D motion and a prostate tumor case with setup errors. The emission process is simulated by Geant4 Application for Tomographic Emission package (GATE) and Linac dose delivery is simulated using a  voxel-based Monte Carlo algorithm (VMC++). RESULTS: In the lung case with attenuation correction, compared to a conventional helical treatment, EGRT achieves a 41% relative increase in dose to 95% of the gross tumor volume (GTV) and a 55% increase to 50% of the GTV. All dose distributions are normalized for the same dose to the lung. In the prostate case with the integrated boost and no  setup error, EGRT yields a 19% and 55% relative dose increase to 95% and 50% of the GTV, respectively, when all methods are normalized for the same dose to the rectum. In the prostate case with integrated boost where setup error is present,  EGRT contributes a 21% and 52% relative dose increase to 95% and 50% of the GTV,  respectively. CONCLUSIONS: As a new radiation therapy modality with inherent tumor tracking, EGRT has the potential to substantially improve targeting in radiation therapy in the presence of intrafractional and interfractional motion.

 

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[105]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Risk factors for postoperative urinary tract infection and urinary retention in patients undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Am Surg. 2012 Oct;78(10):1100-4.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Kang CY; Chaudhry OO; Halabi WJ; Nguyen V; Carmichael JC; Mills S; Stamos MJ

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Surgery, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, California, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - The aim of this study was to analyze risk factors for postoperative urinary tract infection (UTI) and urinary retention (UR) in patients with colorectal cancer. Using Nationwide Inpatient Sample 2006-2009, a retrospective analysis of surgical patients with colorectal cancer was conducted. Patients were stratified into groups, with or without UTI/UR. The LASSO algorithm for logistic regression identified independent risk factors. A total of 93,931 surgical patients with colorectal cancer were identified. The incidences of UTI and UR were 5.91 and 2.52 per cent, respectively. Overall in-hospital mortality was 2.68 per cent. The UTI group demonstrated significantly higher in-hospital mortality rates compared  with those without. Both UTI and UR groups were associated with prolonged hospital stay and increased hospital charge. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed age older than 60 years, females, anemia, congestive heart failure, coagulopathy, diabetes with chronic complications, fluid and electrolyte, paralysis, pulmonary circulation disorders, renal failure, and weight loss were independent risk factors of UTI. Age older than 60 years, male gender, rectal and rectosigmoid cancers, and postoperative anastomotic leakage and ileus were independent risk factors for UR. Postoperative UTI increases in-house mortality. Postoperative UTI/UR in patients with colorectal cancer increases length of stay and hospital charges. Knowledge of these specific risk factors for UTI and UR is needed to counsel patients and prevent these complications in this high-risk population.

 

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[106]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Likelihood ratio test for detecting gene (G)-environment (E) interactions under an additive risk model exploiting G-E independence for case-control data.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Am J Epidemiol. 2012 Dec 1;176(11):1060-7. doi: 10.1093/aje/kws166. Epub 2012 Nov 1.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1093/aje/kws166

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Han SS; Rosenberg PS; Garcia-Closas M; Figueroa JD; Silverman D; Chanock SJ; Rothman N; Chatterjee N

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20852, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - There has been a long-standing controversy in epidemiology with regard to an appropriate risk scale for testing interactions between genes (G) and environmental exposure (E ). Although interaction tests based on the logistic model-which approximates the multiplicative risk for rare diseases-have been more widely applied because of its convenience in statistical modeling, interactions under additive risk models have been regarded as closer to true biologic interactions and more useful in intervention-related decision-making processes in public health. It has been well known that exploiting a natural assumption of G-E independence for the underlying population can dramatically increase statistical  power for detecting multiplicative interactions in case-control studies. However, the implication of the independence assumption for tests for additive interaction has not been previously investigated. In this article, the authors develop a likelihood ratio test for detecting additive interactions for case-control studies that incorporates the G-E independence assumption. Numerical investigation of power suggests that incorporation of the independence assumption can enhance the efficiency of the test for additive interaction by 2- to 2.5-fold. The authors illustrate their method by applying it to data from a bladder cancer study.

 

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[107]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Body mass index in 1.2 million adolescents and risk for end-stage renal disease.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Arch Intern Med. 2012 Nov 26;172(21):1644-50.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1001/2013.jamainternmed.85

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Vivante A; Golan E; Tzur D; Leiba A; Tirosh A; Skorecki K; Calderon-Margalit R

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Israeli Defense Forces Medical Corps, Tel Hashomer, Israel. asafvivante@gmail.com

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: The relationship between adolescent body mass index (BMI) and future  risk for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is not fully understood, nor is it known  the extent to which this association is limited to diabetic ESRD. We evaluated the association between BMI in adolescence and the risk for all-cause, diabetic,  and nondiabetic ESRD. METHODS: Medical data about 1 194 704 adolescents aged 17 years who had been examined for fitness for military service between January 1, 1967, and December 31, 1997, were linked to the Israeli ESRD registry in this nationwide population-based retrospective cohort study. Incident cases of treated ESRD between January 1, 1980, and May 31, 2010, were included. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) for treated ESRD among study participants for their BMI at age 17 years, defined in accord with the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention BMI for age and sex classification. RESULTS: During 30 478 675 follow-up person-years (mean [SD], 25.51 [8.77] person-years), 874 participants (713 male and 161 female) developed treated ESRD, for an overall incidence rate of 2.87 cases per 100 000 person-years. Compared with adolescents of normal weight, overweight adolescents (85th to 95th percentiles of BMI) and obese adolescents (>/=95th percentile of BMI) had an increased future risk for treated ESRD, with incidence rates of 6.08 and 13.40 cases per 100 000 person-years, respectively. In a multivariate model adjusted for sex, country of origin, systolic blood pressure, and period of enrollment in  the study, overweight was associated with an HR of 3.00 (95% CI, 2.50-3.60) and obesity with an HR of 6.89 (95% CI, 5.52-8.59) for all-cause treated ESRD. Overweight (HR, 5.96; 95% CI, 4.41-8.06) and obesity (HR, 19.37; 95% CI, 14.13-26.55) were strong and independent risk factors for diabetic ESRD. Positive associations of overweight (HR, 2.17; 95% CI, 1.71-2.74) and obesity (HR, 3.41; 95% CI, 2.42-4.79) with nondiabetic ESRD were also documented. CONCLUSIONS: Overweight and obesity in adolescents were associated with significantly increased risk for all-cause treated ESRD during a 25-year period. Elevated BMI constitutes a substantial risk factor for diabetic and nondiabetic ESRD.

 

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[108]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Transcript levels of androgen receptor variant AR-V1 or AR-V7 do not predict recurrence in patients with prostate cancer at indeterminate risk for progression.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Urol. 2012 Dec;188(6):2158-64. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.08.014. Epub 2012 Oct 22.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.juro.2012.08.014

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Zhao H; Coram MA; Nolley R; Reese SW; Young SR; Peehl DM

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: AR-V7, a ligand independent splice variant of androgen receptor, may support the growth of castration resistant prostate cancer and have prognostic value. Another variant, AR-V1, interferes with AR-V7 activity. We investigated whether AR-V7 or V1 expression would predict biochemical recurrence in men at indeterminate (about 50%) risk for progression following radical prostatectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: AR-V7 and V1 transcripts in a mixed grade cohort of 53 men in whom cancer contained 30% to 70% Gleason grade 4/5 and in a grade 3 only cohort of 52 were measured using a branched chain DNA assay. Spearman rank correlations of the transcripts, and histomorphological and clinical variables were determined. AR-V7 and V1 levels were assessed as determinants of recurrence  in the mixed grade cohort by logistic regression and survival analysis. The impact of TMPRSS2-ERG gene fusion on prognosis was also evaluated. RESULTS: Neither AR-V7 nor V1 levels in grade 3 or 4/5 cancer in the mixed grade cohort were associated with recurrence or time to recurrence. However, AR-V7 and V1 inversely correlated with serum prostate specific antigen and positively correlated with age. The AR-V1 level in grade 3 cancer in the grade 3 only cohort was higher than in grade 3 or grade 4/5 components of mixed grade cancer. TMPRSS2-ERG fusion was not associated with AR-V7, AR-V1 or recurrence but it was  associated with the percent of grade 4/5 cancer. CONCLUSIONS: The AR-V1 or V7 transcript level does not predict recurrence in patients with high grade prostate cancer at indeterminate risk for progression. Grade 3 cancer in mixed grade tumors may differ from 100% grade 3 cancer, at least in AR-V1 expression.

 

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[109]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - c-Met inhibitor SU11274 enhances the response of the prostate cancer cell line DU145 to ionizing radiation.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2012 Oct 26;427(3):659-65. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.09.117. Epub 2012 Sep 28.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.bbrc.2012.09.117

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Yu H; Li X; Sun S; Gao X; Zhou D

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Hormone-refractory prostate cancer shows substantial resistance to most conventional therapies including radiotherapy, constitutes a key impediment to curing patients with the disease. c-Met overexpression plays a key role in prostate cancer tumorigenesis and disease progression. Here, we demonstrate that  c-Met inhibition by SU11274 could significantly suppress cell survival and proliferation as well as enhance the radiosensitivity of DU145 cells. The underlying mechanisms of the effects of SU11274 on DU145 cells may include the inhibition of c-Met signaling, depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane potential, impairment of DNA repair function, abrogation of cell cycle arrest, and enhancement of cell death. Our study is the first to show the effectiveness of combining c-Met inhibition with ionizing radiation to cure hormone-refractory  prostate cancer.

 

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[110]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Factors related to the glomerular size in renal biopsies of chronic kidney disease patients.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Clin Nephrol. 2013 Apr;79(4):277-84. doi: 10.5414/CN107817.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 5414/CN107817

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Tsuboi N; Utsunomiya Y; Koike K; Kanzaki G; Hirano K; Okonogi H; Miyazaki Y; Ogura M; Joh K; Kawamura T; Hosoya T

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Background: Glomerular enlargement is an important process that preserves the optimal surface area of glomerular capillaries under both physiological and pathological conditions. However, information is limited regarding how the glomerular size is defined, especially in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients.  Methods: A total of 206 renal biopsy specimens obtained from two different patient cohorts with or without a diagnosis of glomerulonephritis (non-GN group and IgAN group) were examined. The mean glomerular volume was estimated from the  outer capillary area of individual glomeruli, and the clinicopathological factors at biopsy that were associated with the mean glomerular volume were analyzed in each group. Results: The mean glomerular volume showed maximal 5.8 and 7.9-fold variations between individuals in the non-GN and IgAN groups, respectively. In both groups, the body mass index and glomerular density (non-sclerotic glomerular number per renal cortical area of the biopsy) were consistently identified as independent factors that were associated with the mean glomerular volume. In addition, the multivariate analyses using the glomerular density/body mass index  ratio showed a more close association with the mean glomerular volume than the analyses using each measure separately. Conclusion: These results suggest that factors presumably reflecting both body consumption and nephron number have close relationships with the glomerular size, regardless of mechanism(s) underlying the injury. The most relevant factor affecting glomerular size may be a balance between these two measures.

 

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[111]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Outcomes of patients with surgically treated bilateral renal masses and a minimum of 10 years of followup.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Urol. 2012 Dec;188(6):2084-8. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.08.038. Epub 2012 Oct 18.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.juro.2012.08.038

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Singer EA; Vourganti S; Lin KY; Gupta GN; Pinto PA; Rastinehad AR; Linehan WM; Bratslavsky G

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute,  National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: Nephron sparing surgery has been advocated for patients with bilateral renal masses but long-term functional and oncological outcomes are lacking. We report the outcomes of patients with bilateral renal masses and a minimum 10-year followup. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients with bilateral renal masses evaluated at our institution who were treated with initial surgery at least 10 years ago and underwent interventions on each renal unit were included in the analysis. Collected data included demographics, hereditary diagnosis, number of renal interventions, renal function and mortality status. Overall and renal cell carcinoma specific survival was assessed. Comparisons were made of renal function and overall survival between groups with 2 renal units and a surgically solitary  kidney. RESULTS: A total of 128 patients met study inclusion criteria. Median followup in our cohort was 16 years (mean 17, range 10 to 49). The median number  of surgical interventions was 3 (range 2 to 10). Of the patients 87 (68%) required repeat interventions on the ipsilateral renal unit at last followup with a median of 6.2 years (range 0.7 to 21) between interventions. Overall and renal  cell cancer specific survival was 88% and 97%, respectively. Six patients (4.7%)  ultimately underwent bilateral nephrectomy. Although renal function was better preserved in patients with 2 kidneys (70 vs 53 ml/minute/1.73 m(2), p = 0.0002),  there was no difference in overall survival between those with bilateral kidneys  or a surgically solitary kidney. CONCLUSIONS: At a minimum 10-year followup after initial surgery, nephron sparing surgery allowed for excellent oncological and functional outcomes. Despite the need for repeat surgical interventions, nephron  sparing surgery enabled dialysis to be avoided in more than 95% of patients.

 

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[112]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Risk factors for surgical complications after renal transplantation and impact on patient and graft survival.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Transplant Proc. 2012 Nov;44(9):2803-8. doi: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2012.09.030.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.transproceed.2012.09.030

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Pillot P; Bardonnaud N; Lillaz J; Delorme G; Chabannes E; Bernardini S; Guichard G; Bittard H; Kleinclauss F

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, University Hospital Saint-Jacques, Besancon, France.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: We report herein the incidence of and factors predisposive to surgical complications (SC) after renal transplantation. METHODS: Between 2004 and 2008, we performed 200 renal transplantation. We retrospectively studied recipient and  donor characteristics, cold ischemia time, surgical revision in the month after transplantation, delayed graft function, surgical complications (vascular, urologic, wound, or bleeding), as well as graft and patient 5-year survival rates. RESULTS: Sixty-six surgical complications were reported among 49 patients  with a preponderance of urologic complications. We noted 6.1% Clavien I, 1.5% Clavien II, 30.3% Clavien IIIa, 53% Clavien IIIb, and 9.1% Clavien IVa SCs. Vascular complications showed a worse prognosis. Among recipients, dialysis duration before transplantation (40.3 +/- 50.8 months in SCs versus 28 +/- 26.5 months in the control unaffected group, P = .032) and anti-HLA immunization (34.7 +/- 48% versus 21.2 +/- 41%, P = .05) appeared to be risk factor. No significant  factor was identified among donors, although patients with surgical complications received older transplants than the control popuation (49.7 +/- 14.5 years versus 45.5 +/- 15.1 years, P = .08). A greater percentage of delayed graft function (30.6 +/- 46.6% versus 11.4 +/- 31.9%; P = .001) and graft rejection episodes (34.7 +/- 48.1% versus 17.9 +/- 38.4%, P .013) were observed among the SC compared with the control group. No significant difference in patient (89.5% versus 95.6% confidence interval, CI 95% [0.7-10.0]; P = .14) or graft survival (88.7% versus 91.8%, CI 95% [0.4-3.9] P = .63) was observed between the groups. CONCLUSION: Surgical complications, especially urologic complications appear frequently after renal transplantation. Dialysis duration and pre-transplant immunization were linked to the occurrence of a surgical complication, which did  not affect graft or patient survival.

 

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[113]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Paclitaxel plus doxorubicin chemotherapy as second-line therapy in patients with  advanced urothelial carcinoma pretreated with platinum plus gemcitabine chemotherapy.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Onkologie. 2012;35(10):576-80. doi: 10.1159/000342674. Epub 2012 Sep 18.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1159/000342674

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Kaya AO; Coskun U; Ozkan M; Sevinc A; Yilmaz AU; Gumus M; Unal OU; Ozdemir NY; Alici S; Berk V; Degerli H; Oner MK; Ozturk C; Kefeli U; Camci C

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Medical Oncology, Bakirkoy Dr Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey. aosmankaya@gmail.com

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: We retrospectively evaluated the efficacy and toxicity of paclitaxel  plus doxorubicin as a second-line treatment in patients with urothelial carcinoma, who had not responded to a prior platinum plus gemcitabine combination. PATIENTS AND METHODS: All patients received intravenous infusions of paclitaxel (175 mg/m(2)/h) and doxorubicin (50 mg/m(2)/30 min) on day 1. Chemotherapy courses were repeated every 21 days. RESULTS: The median followup duration was 13.5 months (range 2.8-22.4 months). Complete and partial responses  were observed in 2 (5.6%) and 10 (27.8%) patients, respectively. Median overall survival was 8.9 months (95% confidence interval (CI): 6.2-11.6). Median time to  progression was 3.8 months (95% CI: 2.7-4.8). The most common hematologic toxicities were neutropenia (n = 21, 58.3%), thrombocytopenia (n = 10, 27.8%), and anemia (n = 9, 25%). The most common nonhematologic toxicities consisted of fatigue (n = 15, 41.7%), nausea/vomiting (n = 13, 36.1%), peripheral neuropathy (n = 11, 30.6%), and mucositis (n = 6, 16.7%). Dose reductions by 25-35% were performed in 6 (16.7%) patients because of grade ¾ toxicity. Anthracycline-related heart failure did not occur. CONCLUSION: 3-weekly courses of cyclic paclitaxel plus doxorubicin were found to be effective and tolerable in patients with urothelial carcinoma, who had not responded to prior platinum- and  gemcitabine-based chemotherapy.

 

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[114]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - International multicentre study examining selection criteria for active surveillance in men undergoing radical prostatectomy.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Br J Cancer. 2012 Oct 23;107(9):1467-73. doi: 10.1038/bjc.2012.400. Epub 2012 Oct 4.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1038/bjc.2012.400

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Wong LM; Neal DE; Johnston RB; Shah N; Sharma N; Warren AY; Hovens CM; Larry Goldenberg S; Gleave ME; Costello AJ; Corcoran NM

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK. lihmingwong@gmail.com

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: The controversies concerning possible overtreatment of prostate cancer, highlighted by debate over PSA screening, have highlighted active surveillance (AS) as an alternative management option for appropriate men. Regional differences in the underlying prevalence of PSA testing may alter the pre-test probability for high-risk disease, which can potentially interfere with  the performance of selection criteria for AS. In a multicentre study from three different countries, we examine men who were initially suitable for AS according  to the Toronto and Prostate Cancer Research International: Active Surveillance (PRIAS) criteria, that underwent radical prostatectomy (RP) in regards to:1.the proportion of pathological reclassification(Gleason score >/=7, >/=pT3 disease),2.predictors of high-risk disease,3.create a predictive model to assist  with selection of men suitable for AS. METHODS: From three centres in the United  Kingdom, Canada and Australia, data on men who underwent RP were retrospectively  reviewed (n=2329). Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify predictors of high-risk disease. A nomogram was generated by logistic regression  analysis, and performance characterised by receiver operating characteristic curves. RESULTS: For men suitable for AS according to the Toronto (n=800) and PRIAS (410) criteria, the rates for upgrading were 50.6, 42.7%, and upstaging 17.6, 12.4%, respectively. Significant predictors of high-risk disease were:*Toronto criteria: increasing age, cT2 disease, centre of diagnosis and number of positive cores.*PRIAS criteria: increasing PSA and cT2 disease.Cambridge had a high pT3a rate (26 vs 12%). To assist selection of men in the United Kingdom for AS, from the Cambridge data, we generated a nomogram predicting high-risk features in patients who meet the Toronto criteria (AUC of 0.72). CONCLUSION: The proportion of pathological reclassification in our cohort  was higher than previously reported. Care must be used when applying the AS criteria generated from one population to another. With more stringent selection  criteria, there is less reclassification but also fewer men who may benefit from  AS.

 

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[115]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Cytotoxicity of herbal extracts used for treatment of prostatic disease on head and neck carcinoma cell lines and non-malignant primary mucosal cells.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Oncol Rep. 2013 Feb;29(2):628-36. doi: 10.3892/or.2012.2145. Epub 2012 Nov 19.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 3892/or.2012.2145

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Schmidt M; Polednik C; Roller J; Hagen R

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Wuerzburg, D-97080 Wurzburg, Germany. marianne.schmidt@klinik.uni-wuerzburg.de

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Previously, a growth inhibiting effect of PC-Spes on head and neck carcinoma cell lines had been demonstrated. In order to determine the toxic impact of particular herbs in the mixture, we exposed the head and neck cancer cell lines FADU, HLaC79 and its Paclitaxel-resistant subline HLaC79-Clone1 as well as primary mucosal keratinocytes to increasing concentrations of the herbal mixture Prostaprotect, which has a similar formulation as PC-Spes, as well as its single herbal components Dendranthema morifolium, Ganoderma lucidium, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Isatis indigotica, Panax pseudo-ginseng, Rabdosia rubescens, Scutellaria baicalensis and Pygeum africanum. Growth inhibition was measured using the MTT assay. Expression of P-glycoprotein (P-GP), multidrug resistance protein-1 (MRP-1), multidrug resistance protein-2 (MRP-2), breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) and androgen receptor (AR) were examined by western blot analysis. Pygeum  africanum extract clearly turned out as the main cytotoxic component of the Prostaprotect prescription mixture, and initated apoptosis in sensitive cell lines. All other extracts had only minor toxic effects. Western blot analysis revealed increased expression of P-GP in HLaC79-Clone1 cells, while HLaC79 and FADU cells were negative. All three cell lines were negative for MRP-1 and BCRP but positive for MRP-2. HLaC79 and its descendant HLaC79-Clone1 both expressed AR, as verified by western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. Primary mucosal keratinocytes were negative for all multidrug resistance markers as well  as for AR. Growth inhibition rates of the single herbal extracts were compared with previously published results in prostate carcinoma cell lines. The relationship between expression levels of AR and multidrug resistance markers in  relation to the measured toxicity of herbal extracts in our head and neck cancer  cell system is critically discussed.

 

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[116]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Renal biopsy findings of patients presenting with isolated hematuria: disease associations.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Am J Nephrol. 2012;36(4):377-85. doi: 10.1159/000342233. Epub 2012 Oct 9.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1159/000342233

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Liu H; Peng Y; Liu H; Liu Y; Yuan S; Liu F; Yang D; Chen X; He L; Fu M; Shao J; Yang L

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Nephrology Department, Renal Research Institute, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011,China.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Most nephrologists have believed that patients with isolated hematuria (IH) generally do not require treatment and have a good prognosis. The  aim of this study was to analyze the pathological characteristics and emphasize the importance of renal biopsy for patients with IH. METHODS: The pathological characteristics of 90 patients with IgA nephropathy confirmed by renal biopsy and presenting with IH were reviewed. We analyzed their pathological features according to the Oxford classification by using light and immunofluorescence. RESULTS: Total samples included 68 females and 22 males. The age of onset with IH focuses on 20-30 years. At presentation, the focal and/or segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) was the most frequent diagnosis (52.22%). The distribution of hematuria focused on 20-40 thousand. 46.67% of cases had global glomerulosclerosis which excluded the physical glomerular sclerosis, and the incidence of crescent formation was 24.44%. However, the proportion of glomerular sclerosis was mainly concentrated in less than 10%. Direct immunofluorescence showed simple IgA deposition was the most common (43.33%). 46.67% of patients had accompanying complement deposition, and 92.89% had complement 3 deposition. According to the Oxford classification, M(1)S(0)E(0)T(0) accounted for 53.33%. The incidence of M, S, E, and T was 100, 30, 14.44, and 22.22% respectively. 46.67% of patients included two or more pathological lesions. CONCLUSIONS: FSGS played an important role in patients with IgA nephropathy who presented with IH.  For those patients, renal biopsy was a valuable diagnostic tool and should be offered in clinical settings to provide them with maximal potential benefits.

 

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[117]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - 11C]choline positron emission tomography/computerized tomography for early detection of prostate cancer recurrence in patients with low increasing prostate  specific antigen.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Urol. 2013 Jan;189(1):105-10. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.09.001. Epub 2012 Nov 16.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.juro.2012.09.001

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Giovacchini G; Picchio M; Garcia-Parra R; Mapelli P; Briganti A; Montorsi F; Gianolli L; Messa C

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Tecnomed Foundation, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: The effectiveness of salvage therapy in prostate cancer is greater for low prostate specific antigen values. Therefore, early detection of tumor recurrence is warranted. [(11)C]choline positron emission tomography/computerized tomography has the potential of early restaging of prostate cancer with low prostate specific antigen, but the selection of patients at high risk for positive [(11)C]choline positron emission tomography/computerized tomography is desirable to optimize salvage therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective  study included 75 patients with prostate cancer with an increasing prostate specific antigen less than 1.5 ng/ml after radical prostatectomy who never received antiandrogen deprivation therapy or salvage radiotherapy who underwent [(11)C]choline positron emission tomography/computerized tomography for the restaging of disease. Binary logistic regression was used to assess predictive factors of positive [(11)C]choline positron emission tomography/computerized tomography. Included variables were trigger prostate specific antigen, prostate specific antigen doubling time, age, pathological stage and Gleason score. RESULTS: Median prostate specific antigen was 0.61 ng/ml. [(11)C]choline positron emission tomography/computerized tomography was positive in 16 of 75 patients (21%). On univariate analysis prostate specific antigen doubling time less than 6 months was the only factor significantly associated with an increased risk of positive [(11)C]choline positron emission tomography/computerized tomography (OR  7.77, 95% CI 2.34-25.80, p = 0.001). In patients with prostate specific antigen doubling time less than 6 months, the positive detection rate of [(11)C]choline positron emission tomography/computerized tomography increased to 50%. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with prostate cancer with biochemical failure after radical prostatectomy and prostate specific antigen less than 1.5 ng/ml, prostate specific antigen doubling time less than 6 months predicts positive [(11)C]choline positron emission tomography/computerized tomography. In these patients [(11)C]choline positron emission tomography/computerized tomography may  reduce by 50% the number in whom salvage therapy is initiated empirically without knowing the disease location.

 

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[118]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Postoperative radiation for prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Lancet. 2012 Dec 8;380(9858):1974-6. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61608-0. Epub 2012 Oct 19.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/S0140-6736(12)61608-0

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Efstathiou JA

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02114, USA. jefstathiou@partners.org

 

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[119]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Genetic variants in metabolizing genes NQO1, NQO2, MTHFR and risk of prostate cancer: a study from North India.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Mol Biol Rep. 2012 Dec;39(12):11145-52. doi: 10.1007/s11033-012-2023-z. Epub 2012 Oct 10.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s11033-012-2023-z

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Mandal RK; Nissar K; Mittal RD

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Quinone oxidoreductases (NAD(P)H): quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) and NRH: quinone oxidoreductase 2 (NQO2) are an antioxidant enzyme, important in the detoxification of environmental carcinogens. Methylene-tetra-hydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), plays a role in folate metabolism and may have oncogenic role  through disruption of normal DNA methylation pattern, synthesis, and impaired DNA repair. In a case-control study, genotyping was done in 195 PCa and 250 age matched unrelated healthy controls of similar ethnicity to determine variants in  NQO1 exon 4 (C > T, rs4986998), exon 6 (C > T, rs1800566), NQO2 -3423 (G > A, rs2070999) and MTHFR exon 4 (C > T, rs1801133) by PCR-RFLP methods. Heterozygous  genotype CT and variant allele career genotype (CT + TT) of NQO1 exon 4 showed increased risk of PCa (OR = 2.06, p = 0.033; OR = 2.02, p = 0.027). Variant allele T also revealed increased risk (OR = 1.87, p = 0.029). Similarly variant genotype TT (OR = 2.71, p = 0.009), combined genotype (CT + TT) (OR = 1.59, p = 0.019) and T allele (OR = 1.63, p = 0.002) of NQO1 exon 6 demonstrated significant risk for PCa. Diplotypes of NQO1 (exon 4 and 6), C-T (OR = 1.56, Pc = 0.007) and T-T (OR = 0.011, Pc = 3.86) was associated with an increased risk for  PCa. NQO2 and MTHFR did not show any risk with PCa. Our results strongly support  that common sequence variants and diplotypes of NQO1 exon 4 and 6 genes may have  role in PCa risk in the North Indian population, indicating the importance of genes involved in metabolism with respect to PCa risk. Additional studies on larger populations are needed to clarify the role of variation in these genes in  PCa carcinogenesis.

 

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[120]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Renal function and survival in 200 patients undergoing ECMO therapy.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2013 Jan;28(1):86-90. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfs398. Epub 2012 Nov 7.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1093/ndt/gfs398

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Kielstein JT; Heiden AM; Beutel G; Gottlieb J; Wiesner O; Hafer C; Hadem J; Reising A; Haverich A; Kuhn C; Fischer S

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School Hannover, Germany. kielstein@yahoo.com

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is increasingly used in the intensive care unit (ICU) setting to improve gas exchange in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome as well as in patients pre- and post-heart and lung transplantation. In this clinical setting, acute kidney injury (AKI) is  frequently observed. So far, it is unknown how AKI affects the survival of critically ill patients receiving ECMO support and whether veno-veno and veno-arterial ECMO have different effects on kidney function. METHODS: This is a  retrospective analysis of patients undergoing ECMO treatment in medical and surgical ICUs in a tertiary care centre. We evaluated all patients undergoing ECMO treatment at our centre between 1 January 2005 and 31 December 2010. Data from all 200 patients (83F/117M), median age 45 (17-83) years, were obtained by chart review. Follow-up data were obtained for up to 3 months. RESULTS: Three-month survival of all patients was 31%. Of the 200 patients undergoing ECMO treatment, 60% (120/200) required renal replacement therapy (RRT) for AKI. While  patients without RRT showed a 3-month survival of 53%, the survival of patients with AKI requiring RRT was 17% (P = 0.001). Longer duration of RRT was associated with a higher mortality. CONCLUSIONS: AKI requiring RRT therapy in patients undergoing ECMO treatment increases mortality in ICU patients. Future studies have to clarify whether it is possible to identify patients who benefit from the  combination of ECMO and RRT.

 

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[121]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Androgen receptor splice variants mediate enzalutamide resistance in castration-resistant prostate cancer cell lines.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Cancer Res. 2013 Jan 15;73(2):483-9. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-12-3630. Epub 2012 Nov 1.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1158/0008-5472.CAN-12-3630

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Li Y; Chan SC; Brand LJ; Hwang TH; Silverstein KA; Dehm SM

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Persistent androgen receptor (AR) transcriptional activity underlies resistance to AR-targeted therapy and progression to lethal castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Recent success in retargeting persistent AR activity with next generation androgen/AR axis inhibitors such as enzalutamide (MDV3100) has validated AR as a master regulator during all stages of disease progression. However, resistance to next generation AR inhibitors limits therapeutic efficacy  for many patients. One emerging mechanism of CRPC progression is AR gene rearrangement, promoting synthesis of constitutively active truncated AR splice variants (AR-V) that lack the AR ligand-binding domain. In this study, we show that cells with AR gene rearrangements expressing both full-length and AR-Vs are  androgen independent and enzalutamide resistant. However, selective knock-down of AR-V expression inhibited androgen-independent growth and restored responsiveness to androgens and antiandrogens. In heterogeneous cell populations, AR gene rearrangements marked individual AR-V-dependent cells that were resistant to enzalutamide. Gene expression profiling following knock-down of full-length AR or AR-Vs showed that AR-Vs drive resistance to AR-targeted therapy by functioning as constitutive and independent effectors of the androgen/AR transcriptional program. Further, mitotic genes deemed previously to be unique AR-V targets were  found to be biphasic targets associated with a proliferative level of signaling output from either AR-Vs or androgen-stimulated AR. Overall, these studies highlight AR-Vs as key mediators of persistent AR signaling and resistance to the current arsenal of conventional and next generation AR-directed therapies, advancing the concept of AR-Vs as therapeutic targets in advanced disease.

 

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[122]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Ligand-independent activation of EphA2 by arachidonic acid induces metastasis-like behaviour in prostate cancer cells.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Br J Cancer. 2012 Nov 6;107(10):1737-44. doi: 10.1038/bjc.2012.457. Epub 2012 Oct 4.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1038/bjc.2012.457

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Tawadros T; Brown MD; Hart CA; Clarke NW

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Genito Urinary Cancer Research Group, School of Cancer and Enabling Sciences, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, The University of Manchester, Manchester  Academic Health Science Centre, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4BX, UK.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: High intake of omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) has been associated with clinical progression in prostate cancer (CaP). This study investigates the signalling mechanism by which the omega-6 PUFA arachidonic acid  (AA) induces prostatic cellular migration to bone marrow stroma. METHODS: Western blot analysis of the PC-3, PC3-GFP, DU 145 and LNCaP cells or their lipid raft (LR) components post AA stimulation was conducted in association with assays for  adhesion and invasion through the bone marrow endothelial monolayers. RESULTS: Arachidonic acid increased transendothelial migration of PC3-GFP cells (adhesion  37%+/-0.08, P=0.0124; transmigration 270%+/-0.145, P=0.0008). Akt, Src and focal  adhesion kinase (FAK) pathways were induced by AA and integrally involved in transendothelial migration. LR were critical in AA uptake and induced Akt activity. Ephrin receptor A2 (EphA2), localised in LR, is expressed in DU 145 and PC-3 cells. Arachidonic acid induced a rapid increase of EphA2 Akt-dependent/ligand-independent activation, while knockdown of the EphrinA1 ligand decreased AA induced transendothelial migration, with an associated decrease in Src and FAK activity. Arachidonic acid activated Akt in EphA2(-) LNCaP cells but failed to induce BMEC transendothelial invasion. CONCLUSION: Arachidonic acid induced stimulation of EphA2 in vitro is associated fundamentally with CaP epithelial migration across the endothelial barrier.

 

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[123]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Wilms’ tumor-1 transcript in peripheral blood helps diagnose acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome in patients with pancytopenia.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Anticancer Res. 2012 Oct;32(10):4479-83.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Yamauchi T; Matsuda Y; Takai M; Tasaki T; Hosono N; Negoro E; Ikegaya S; Takagi K; Kishi S; Yoshida A; Urasaki Y; Ueda T

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Matsuoka, Eiheiji, Fukui, Japan. tyamauch@u-fukui.ac.jp

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND/AIM: Pancytopenia is caused by acute myeloid leukemia (AML), myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), aplastic anemia (AA), or by non-hematological diseases. Because Wilms’ tumor-1 (WT1) is overexpressed in patients with AML and  MDS, its expression level may be helpful for diagnosing these hematological malignancies. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We retrospectively investigated the WT1 transcripts in peripheral blood (PB) from 47 patients with decreased blood cell counts. RESULTS: The final diagnoses included AML, MDS, AA, drug poisoning, and non-hematological diseases. PB WT1 mRNA was overexpressed in AML and MDS, whereas the patients with other diseases mostly tested negatively for the transcript. The patients with MDS with higher marrow blast counts had higher PB WT1 mRNA levels.  The sensitivity of the PB WT1 transcript in detecting AML and MDS was 78%, and the specificity was 90%. CONCLUSION: The WT1 mRNA level in PB may help diagnose AML and MDS in patients with pancytopenia.

 

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[124]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Prognostic significance of serum retinol, serum alpha-tocopherol, and urinary neopterin in patients with head and neck carcinoma treated with external beam radiation.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 2012 Apr;82(2):77-84. doi: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000096.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1024/0300-9831/a000096

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Holeckova P; Krcmova L; Kalabova H; Kasparova M; Plisek J; Pala M; Vitek P; Solichova D; Zezulova M; Studentova H; Melichar B

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Institute of Radiation Oncology, Charles University First Medical School and Teaching Hospital Bulovka, Prague, Czech Republic.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - High serum or urinary neopterin concentrations are associated with poor prognosis in patients with tumors of different primary locations, but reports on neopterin  in patients with head and neck carcinoma are relatively less numerous. It has been established that decreased circulating concentrations of retinol and alpha-tocopherol are common in this population. We have evaluated the prognostic  significance of urinary neopterin, serum retinol, and alpha-tocopherol in 44 patients with head and neck carcinoma. Urinary neopterin, serum retinol, and alpha-tocopherol were determined with high-performance liquid chromatography. High urinary neopterin and low serum retinol were predictive of poor prognosis, while the prognostic significance of low alpha-tocopherol was of borderline significance. Serum retinol significantly decreased during external beam radiation, but a less marked decrease of alpha-tocopherol during therapy did not  reach statistical significance. An increase of urinary neopterin was evident late during the course of treatment. In conclusion, high urinary neopterin and low serum retinol are predictive of poor prognosis in patients with head and neck carcinoma.

 

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[125]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Brachytherapy using injectable seeds that are self-assembled from genetically encoded polypeptides in situ.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Cancer Res. 2012 Nov 15;72(22):5956-65. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-12-2127.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1158/0008-5472.CAN-12-2127

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Liu W; McDaniel J; Li X; Asai D; Quiroz FG; Schaal J; Park JS; Zalutsky M; Chilkoti A

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA. wengeliu@duke.edu

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Brachytherapy is a common clinical technique involving implantation of sealed radioactive “seeds” within a tumor to selectively irradiate the tumor mass while  minimizing systemic toxicity. To mitigate the disadvantages associated with complex surgical implantation and subsequent device removal procedures, we have developed an alternative approach using a genetically encoded peptide polymer solution composed of a thermally responsive elastin-like polypeptide (ELP) radiolabeled with (131)I that self-assembles into radionuclide seeds upon intratumoral injection. The formation of these nontoxic and biodegradable polymer seeds led to prolonged intratumoral retention (~85% ID/tumor 7 days postinjection) of the radionuclide, elicited a tumor growth delay in 100% of the  tumors in two human xenografts (FaDu and PC-3), and cured more than 67% of tumor-bearing animals after a single administration of labeled ELP. These results suggest that in situ self-assembly of biodegradable and injectable radionuclide-containing polypeptide seeds could be a promising therapeutic alternative to conventional brachytherapy.

 

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[126]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Stromal epigenetic dysregulation is sufficient to initiate mouse prostate cancer  via paracrine Wnt signaling.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012 Dec 11;109(50):E3395-404. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1217982109. Epub 2012 Nov 26.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1073/pnas.1217982109

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Zong Y; Huang J; Sankarasharma D; Morikawa T; Fukayama M; Epstein JI; Chada KK; Witte ON

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Carcinomas most often result from the stepwise acquisition of genetic alterations within the epithelial compartment. The surrounding stroma can also play an important role in cancer initiation and progression. Given the rare frequencies of genetic events identified in cancer-associated stroma, it is likely that epigenetic changes in the tumor microenvironment could contribute to its tumor-promoting activity. We use Hmga2 (High-mobility group AT-hook 2) an epigenetic regulator, to modify prostate stromal cells, and demonstrate that perturbation of the microenvironment by stromal-specific overexpression of this chromatin remodeling protein alone is sufficient to induce dramatic hyperplasia and multifocal prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia lesions from adjacent naive epithelial cells. Importantly, we find that this effect is predominantly mediated by increased Wnt/beta-catenin signaling. Enhancement of Hmga2-induced paracrine signaling by overexpression of androgen receptor in the stroma drives frank murine prostate adenocarcinoma in the adjacent epithelial tissues. Our findings provide compelling evidence for the critical contribution of epigenetic changes in stromal cells to multifocal tumorigenesis.

 

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[127]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - High level of circulating endothelial progenitor cells positively correlates with serum vascular endothelial growth factor in patients with renal cell carcinoma.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Urol. 2012 Dec;188(6):2055-61. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.08.039. Epub 2012 Oct 22.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.juro.2012.08.039

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Yang B; Gu W; Peng B; Xu Y; Liu M; Che J; Geng J; Zheng J

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: Although accumulated evidence indicates that circulating endothelial progenitor cells contribute to tumor neovascularization, to our knowledge the level of these cells and its correlation with serum vascular endothelial growth factor in patients with renal cell carcinoma have not been studied. We measured this level and investigated its clinical significance in patients with renal cell carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The level of circulating endothelial progenitor cells (percent of total peripheral blood mononuclear cells) was quantified by assaying the CD45(-)CD34(+)vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2(+) cell  phenotype in 53 patients with renal cell carcinoma, 33 with benign renal tumors and 40 healthy controls. Serum vascular endothelial growth factor was quantified. RESULTS: The mean circulating endothelial progenitor cell level in patients with  renal cell carcinoma was 0.281%, significantly higher than in patients with benign renal tumors and healthy controls (0.073% and 0.076%, respectively, each p <0.001). Patients with stage III-IV renal cell carcinoma had a statistically higher level of these cells than those with stage I-II (0.339% vs 0.243%, p <0.001). The mean level in patients with renal cell carcinoma greater than 7 cm was 0.331%, significantly higher than in those with tumors 4 or less and 4 to 7 cm (0.225% and 0.231%, respectively, each p <0.001). Mean serum vascular endothelial growth factor in patients with renal cell carcinoma was higher than in patients with benign renal tumors and healthy controls (315.5 vs 34.6 and 26.9 pg/ml, respectively, each p <0.001). The preoperative circulating endothelial progenitor cell level positively correlated with serum vascular endothelial growth factor in patients with renal cell carcinoma (r = 0.710, p <0.001). Levels of these cells and of vascular endothelial growth factor significantly decreased  postoperatively compared to preoperatively (0.081% vs 0.297% and 31.69 vs 310.70  pg/ml, respectively, each p <0.001). CONCLUSIONS: A high circulating endothelial  progenitor cell level was found in patients with renal cell carcinoma, which positively correlated with serum vascular endothelial growth factor. Results support the potential use of circulating endothelial progenitor cells as a novel  biomarker for renal cell carcinoma.

 

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[128]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Current management of prostate cancer: dilemmas and trials.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Br J Radiol. 2012 Nov;85 Spec No 1:S28-40. doi: 10.1259/bjr/13017671.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1259/bjr/13017671

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - O’Hanlon Brown C; Waxman J

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Surgery and Cancer, Division of Cancer, Imperial College London, UK.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - The past decade has witnessed significant advances in our understanding of the biology of prostate cancer. Androgen ablation/androgen receptor inhibition remains as the mainstay of treatment for advanced prostate cancer. Our understanding of the biology of prostate cancer has increased exponentially owing to advances in molecular biology. With this knowledge many intriguing issues have come to light, which clinicians and scientists alike strive to answer. These include why prostate cancer is so common, what drives the development of prostate cancer at a molecular level, why prostate cancer appears refractory to many families of cytotoxic chemotherapeutics, and why prostate cancer preferentially metastasizes to bone. Two clinical forms of prostate cancer have been identified: indolent organ confined disease, which elderly men often die of, and aggressive metastatic disease. A method of distinguishing between these two forms of the disease at an organ-confined stage remains elusive. Understanding the mechanisms  of castrate resistance is a further issue of clinical importance. New trials of treatments, including molecular agents that target prostate cancer from a range of angles, have been instituted over the past 10-15 years. We can look at these trials not only as a chance to investigate the effectiveness of new treatments but also as an opportunity to further understand the complex biology of this disease.

 

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[129]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Rad9 protein contributes to prostate tumor progression by promoting cell migration and anoikis resistance.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Biol Chem. 2012 Nov 30;287(49):41324-33. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M112.402784. Epub 2012 Oct 12.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1074/jbc.M112.402784

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Broustas CG; Zhu A; Lieberman HB

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Rad9 as part of the Rad9-Hus1-Rad1 complex is known to participate in cell cycle  checkpoint activation and DNA repair. However, Rad9 can act as a sequence-specific transcription factor, modulating expression of a number of genes. Importantly, Rad9 is up-regulated in prostate cancer cell lines and clinical specimens. Its expression correlates positively with advanced stage tumors and its down-regulation reduces tumor burden in mice. We show here that transient down-regulation of Rad9 by RNA interference reduces DU145 and PC3 prostate cancer cell proliferation and survival in vitro. In addition, transient  or stable down-regulation of Rad9 impairs migration and invasion of the cells. Moreover, stable reduction of Rad9 renders DU145 cell growth anchorage-dependent. It also decreases expression of integrin beta1 protein and sensitizes DU145 and LNCaP cells to anoikis and impairs Akt activation. On the other hand, stable expression of Mrad9, the mouse homolog, in DU145/shRNA Rad9 cells restores migration, invasion, anchorage-independent growth, integrin beta1 expression, and anoikis resistance with a concomitant elevation of Akt activation. We thus demonstrate for the first time that Rad9 contributes to prostate tumorigenesis by increasing not only tumor proliferation and survival but also tumor migration and invasion, anoikis resistance, and anchorage-independent growth.

 

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[130]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Association of a XRCC3 polymorphism and rectum mean dose with the risk of acute radio-induced gastrointestinal toxicity in prostate cancer patients.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Radiother Oncol. 2012 Dec;105(3):321-8. doi: 10.1016/j.radonc.2012.09.013. Epub 2012 Oct 15.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.radonc.2012.09.013

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Fachal L; Gomez-Caamano A; Peleteiro P; Carballo A; Calvo-Crespo P; Sanchez-Garcia M; Lobato-Busto R; Carracedo A; Vega A

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Fundacion Publica Galega de Medicina Xenomica-SERGAS, Grupo de Medicina Xenomica-USC, CIBERER, IDIS, Santiago de Compostela, España.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: We have performed a case-control study among prostate cancer patients treated with three-dimensional conformational radiotherapy (3D-CRT) in order to investigate the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), treatment and patient features with gastrointestinal and genitourinary acute toxicity. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 698 patients were  screened for 14 SNPs located in the ATM, ERCC2, LIG4, MLH1 and XRCC3 genes. Gastrointestinal and genitourinary toxicities were recorded prospectively using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v3.0. RESULTS: The XRCC3 SNP rs1799794 (G/G OR=5.65; 95% CI: 1.95-16.38; G/A OR=2.75; 95% CI: 1.25-6.05; uncorrected p-value=2.8x10(-03); corrected p-value=0.03; FDR q-value=0.06) as well as the mean dose received by the rectum (OR=1.06; 95% CI: 1.02-1.1; uncorrected p-value=2.49x10(-03); corrected p-value=0.03; FDR q-value=0.06) were  significantly associated with gastrointestinal toxicity after correction for multiple testing. Those patients who undergone previous prostatectomy were less prone to develop genitourinary toxicity (OR=0.38; 95% CI: 0.18-0.71; uncorrected  p-value=4.95x10(-03); corrected p-value=0.03; FDR q-value=0.08). Our study excludes the possibility of a >2-fold risk increase in genitourinary acute toxicity being due to rs1801516 ATM SNP, the rs1805386 and rs1805388 LIG4 markers, as well as all the SNPs evaluated in the ERCC2, MLH1 and XRCC3 genes. CONCLUSIONS: The XRCC3 rs1799794 SNP and the mean dose received by the rectum are associated with the development of gastrointestinal toxicity after 3D-CRT.

 

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[131]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Safety and activity of sunitinib in elderly patients (>/= 70 years) with metastatic renal cell carcinoma: a multicenter study.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Ann Oncol. 2013 Feb;24(2):336-42. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mds431. Epub 2012 Oct 9.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1093/annonc/mds431

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Brunello A; Basso U; Sacco C; Sava T; De Vivo R; Camerini A; Barile C; Roma A; Maruzzo M; Falci C; Zagonel V

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Unit of Medical Oncology 1, Istituto Oncologico Veneto-IOV, IRCCS Padova, Italy.  antonella.brunello@ioveneto.it

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Actual tolerability of sunitinib is still poorly documented in elderly patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Charts of elderly patients treated with sunitinib for mRCC were reviewed in six Italian centers to assess safety (primary objective), efficacy and correlation of toxicity with comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) (secondary  objectives). RESULTS: Sixty-eight patients were eligible, and the median age was  74 years. CGA was carried out in 34 patients (41% fit, 41% vulnerable and 18.5% frail). The dose reduction to 37.5 mg was made upfront or soon after the first cycle in 69.1%. More frequent toxic effects were fatigue (80.9%), mucositis (61.8%) and hypertension (58.8%). Cardiac events occurred in nine patients. In 10 patients, therapy was interrupted early due to rapidly progressive disease (10.3%) or severe toxicity (4.4%: 1 cardiac failure, 1 fatigue, 1 febrile neutropenia). At a median follow-up of 27.1 months, the median OS was 18.3 months and the median PFS was 13.6 months. Correlation was not found between frailty at  CGA with severe toxicity nor with response. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with sunitinib is effective in elderly patients; yet early interruptions were frequent. Starting treatment at reduced dose and escalating in the absence of severe toxicity could  be suggested.

 

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[132]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Nuclear, but not cytoplasmic, localization of survivin as a negative prognostic factor for survival in upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Virchows Arch. 2013 Jan;462(1):101-7. doi: 10.1007/s00428-012-1343-7. Epub 2012 Nov 20.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s00428-012-1343-7

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Kitamura H; Torigoe T; Hirohashi Y; Asanuma H; Inoue R; Nishida S; Tanaka T; Masumori N; Sato N; Tsukamoto T

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, South 1 West 16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8543, Japan. kitamura68447@gmail.com

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Survivin, a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein gene family, inhibits apoptosis and promotes mitosis. We determined whether nuclear or cytoplasmic localization of survivin could predict survival of patients with upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UUTUC). Immunohistochemical staining for survivin was carried out on archival specimens from 125 consecutive patients with UUTUC who underwent radical nephroureterectomy. Nuclear and cytoplasmic staining of survivin was scored and compared with clinicopathologic features and cancer-specific survival (CSS). Nuclear expression of survivin was significantly  correlated with tumor grade (p < 0.001), lymphovascular invasion (p = 0.022) and  poor survival with an estimated 5-year CSS probability of 54 % for tumors with nuclear expression of survivin vs. 73 % for those without nuclear expression of survivin (hazard ratio = 2.19; 95 % confidence interval = 1.02-4.70; p = 0.043).  The 5-year cancer-specific survival rates of patients with cytoplasmic survivin-negative and -positive tumors were 66 and 67 %, respectively. There was  no difference in survival between patients with cytoplasmic survivin-negative tumors and those with cytoplasmic survivin-positive tumors. Using univariate analysis, nuclear survivin expression, tumor grade, pathological T stage, pathological N stage, and lymphovascular invasion were the predictive variables for CSS. In contrast, cytoplasmic survivin expression had no prognostic relevance. These data suggest that nuclear accumulation of survivin represents biologic aggressiveness and that nuclear survivin is a negative prognostic marker in patients with resected UUTUC.

 

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[133]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Incidence, risk factors, and complications of postoperative delirium in elderly patients undergoing radical cystectomy.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Urology. 2013 Jan;81(1):123-8. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2012.07.086. Epub 2012 Nov  13.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.urology.2012.07.086

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Large MC; Reichard C; Williams JT; Chang C; Prasad S; Leung Y; DuBeau C; Bales GT; Steinberg GD

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - OBJECTIVE: To identify the risk factors for, and complications associated with, the development of delirium after radical cystectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From July 2008 to December 2009, 59 patients, aged >/=65 years and undergoing radical  cystectomy, were prospectively enrolled. The baseline cognitive status was assessed using the Mini-Mental Status Examination. Postoperative delirium was assessed using the Confusion Assessment Method. RESULTS: A total of 49 patients completed the surgery and all assessments. The incidence of postoperative delirium was 29%, with duration of 1-5 days. On univariate analysis, older age and preoperative Mini-Mental Status Examination score were associated with postoperative delirium. On multivariate analysis, only age was associated with postoperative delirium (odds ratio 1.52, 95% confidence interval 1.04-2.22, P=.03). The 2 groups did not differ in pathologic stage, length of surgery, intraoperative and postoperative narcotic usage, body mass index, age-adjusted Charlson comorbidity index, activities of daily living scores, smoking history, preoperative hematocrit, estimated blood loss, urinary tract infection, interval  to a regular diet, or length of hospital stay. The patients who developed postoperative delirium were more likely to undergo readmission (odds ratio 10.7,  95% confidence interval 2.2-51.8, P=.01) and reoperation (odds ratio 9.2, 95% confidence interval 1.5-55.3, P=.03) but did not differ in the 90-day and 1-year  mortality rates or incidence of postoperative complications. CONCLUSION: In patients aged>/=65 years, a lower preoperative Mini-Mental Status Examination score and older age were significantly associated with the development of postcystectomy delirium, as measured using the Confusion Assessment Method. The patients who developed delirium were more likely to undergo readmission and reoperation. Larger studies with multiple surgeons are needed to validate these findings.

 

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[134]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - CD4 helper T cells, CD8 cytotoxic T cells, and FOXP3(+) regulatory T cells with respect to lethal prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Mod Pathol. 2013 Mar;26(3):448-55. doi: 10.1038/modpathol.2012.164. Epub 2012 Oct 5.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1038/modpathol.2012.164

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Davidsson S; Ohlson AL; Andersson SO; Fall K; Meisner A; Fiorentino M; Andren O; Rider JR

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - 1] Department of Urology, Orebro University Hospital, Orebro, Sweden [2] School of Health and Medical Sciences, Orebro University, Orebro, Sweden.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Prostate cancer represents a major contributor to cancer mortality, but the majority of men with prostate cancer will die of other causes. Thus, a challenge  is identifying potentially lethal disease at diagnosis. Conflicting results have  been reported when investigating the relationship between infiltration of lymphocytes and survival in prostate cancer. One of the mechanisms suggested is the recruitment of regulatory T cells (T), a subpopulation of T cells that have a role in promoting tumor growth. T counteract tumor rejection through suppressive  functions on the anti-immune response but their prognostic significance is still  unknown. We report here the results of a conducted case-control study nested in a cohort of men treated with transurethral resection of the prostate and diagnosed  incidentally with prostate cancer. Cases are men who died of prostate cancer (n=261) and controls are men who survived >10 years after their diagnosis (n=474). Infiltration of both T and T cells was frequently observed and the majority of the T were CD4. T or T cells were not associated with lethal prostate cancer. However, we found a nearly twofold increased risk of lethal prostate cancer when comparing the highest with the lowest quartile of CD4 T cells (95% confidence interval: 1.3-2.9). Our conclusion is that men with greater numbers of CD4 T in their prostate tumor environment have an increased risk of dying of prostate cancer. Identification of CD4 T in tumor tissue may predict clinically relevant disease at time of diagnosis independently of other clinical factors.

 

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[135]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Role of Staging Laparoscopy in Primary Gall Bladder Cancer-An Analysis of 409 Patients: A Prospective Study to Evaluate the Role of Staging Laparoscopy in the  Management of Gallbladder Cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Ann Surg. 2012 Oct 10.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1097/SLA.0b013e318271497e

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Agarwal AK; Kalayarasan R; Javed A; Gupta N; Nag HH

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery and Liver Transplant, Govind Ballabh Pant  Hospital and Maulana Azad Medical College, Delhi University, New Delhi, India.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - OBJECTIVE:: To evaluate the role of staging laparoscopy (SL) in the management of gallbladder cancer (GBC). METHODS:: A prospective study of primary GBC patients between May 2006 and December 2011. The SL was performed using an umbilical port  with a 30-degree telescope. Early GBC included clinical stage T1/T2. A detectable lesion (DL) was defined as one that could be detected on SL alone, without doing  any dissection or using laparoscopic ultrasound (surface liver metastasis and peritoneal deposits). Other metastatic and locally advanced unresectable disease  qualified as undetectable lesions (UDL). RESULTS:: Of the 409 primary GBC patients who underwent SL, 95 had disseminated disease [(surface liver metastasis (n = 29) and peritoneal deposits (n = 66)]. The overall yield of SL was 23.2% (95/409). Of the 314 patients who underwent laparotomy, an additional 75 had unresectable disease due to surface liver metastasis (n = 5), deep parenchymal liver metastasis (n = 4), peritoneal deposits (n = 1), nonlocoregional lymph nodes (n = 47), and locally advanced unresectable disease (n = 18), that is, 6-DL and 69-UDL. The accuracy of SL for detecting unresectable disease and DL was 55.9% (95/170) and 94.1% (95/101), respectively. Compared with early GBC, the yield was significantly higher in locally advanced tumors (n = 353) [25.2% (89/353) vs 10.7% (6/56), P = 0.02]. However, the accuracy in detecting unresectable disease and a DL in locally advanced tumors was similar to early GBC [56.0%, (89/159) and 94.1%, (89/95) vs 54.6% (6/11) and 100% (6/6), P = 1.00]. CONCLUSIONS:: In the present series with an overall resectability rate of 58.4%,  SL identified 94.1% of the DLs and thereby obviated a nontherapeutic laparotomy in 55.9% of patients with unresectable disease and 23.2% of overall GBC patients. It had a higher yield in locally advanced tumors than in early-stage tumors; however, the accuracy in detecting unresectable disease and a DL were similar.

 

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[136]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Expression patterns of epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers in localized prostate cancer: significance in clinicopathological outcomes following radical prostatectomy.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - BJU Int. 2013 Jan;111(1):30-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11551.x. Epub 2012 Oct 26.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11551.x

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Behnsawy HM; Miyake H; Harada K; Fujisawa M

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Division of Urology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - OBJECTIVE: To analyse the expression patterns of multiple molecular markers implicated in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in localized prostate cancer (PC), in order to clarify the significance of these markers in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy (RP). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Expression levels of 13 EMT markers, namely E-cadherin, N-cadherin, beta-catenin, gamma-catenin, fibronectin, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 2, MMP-9, Slug, Snail, Twist, vimentin, ZEB1 and ZEB2, in RP specimens from 197 consecutive patients with localized PC were evaluated by immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS: Of the 13 markers, expression levels of E-cadherin, Snail, Twist and vimentin were closely  associated with several conventional prognostic factors. Univariate analysis identified these four EMT markers as significant predictors for biochemical recurrence (BR), while serum prostate-specific antigen, Gleason score, seminal vesicle invasion (SVI), surgical margin status (SMS) and tumour volume were also  significant. Of these significant factors, expression levels of Twist and vimentin, SVI and SMS appeared to be independently related to BR on multivariate  analysis. There were significant differences in BR-free survival according to positive numbers of these four independent factors. That is, BR occurred in four  of 90 patients who were negative for risk factors (4.4%), 21 of 83 positive for one or two risk factors (25.3%) and 19 of 24 positive for three or four risk factors (79.2%). CONCLUSION: Measurement of expression levels of potential EMT markers, particularly Twist and vimentin, in RP specimens, in addition to conventional prognostic parameters, would contribute to the accurate prediction of the biochemical outcome in patients with localized PC following RP.

 

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[137]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Combination of Diffusion-weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Extended Prostate Biopsy Predicts Lobes Without Significant Cancer: Application in Patient Selection for Hemiablative Focal Therapy.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Eur Urol. 2012 Oct 16. pii: S0302-2838(12)01229-8. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2012.10.010.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.eururo.2012.10.010

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Matsuoka Y; Numao N; Saito K; Tanaka H; Kumagai J; Yoshida S; Koga F; Masuda H; Kawakami S; Fujii Y; Kihara K

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: yoh-m.uro@tmd.ac.jp.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Significant cancer in contralateral sides of the prostate that was missed on prostate biopsy (PBx) is a concern in hemiablative focal therapy (FT) of prostate cancer (PCa). However, extended PBx, a common diagnostic procedure, has a limited predictive ability for lobes without significant cancer. OBJECTIVE: To identify prostate lobes without significant cancer using extended PBx combined with diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), which has the potential to provide pathophysiologic information on pretreatment assessment. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: We conducted a prebiopsy DWI study between 2007 and 2012 that included 270 prostate lobes in 135 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy (RP) for clinically localized PCa. INTERVENTION: Participants underwent DWI and 14-core PBx; those with PBx-proven PCa and who were treated with RP were analyzed. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Imaging and pathology were assessed in each side. Based on RP pathology, lobes were classified into lobes with no cancer (LNC), lobes with indolent cancer (LIC), and lobes with significant cancer (LSC). Predictive performance of DWI, PBx, and their combination in identifying lobes without significant cancer was examined. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: LNC, LIC, and LSC were identified in 23 (8.5%), 64 (23.7%), and  183 sides (67.8%), respectively. The negative predictive values (NPV) of DWI, PBx, and their combination were 22.1%, 27.8%, and 43.5%, respectively, for lobes  with any cancer (ie, either LIC or LSC), and 68.4%, 72.2%, and 95.7%, respectively, for LSC. The NPV of PBx for LSC was improved by the addition of DWI findings (p=0.001), with no adverse influence on the positive predictive value. Limitations included a possible selection bias under which the decision to perform PBx might be affected by DWI findings. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of DWI and extended PBx efficiently predicts lobes without significant cancer. This  procedure is applicable to patient selection for hemiablative FT.

 

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[138]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Selenoprotein P genetic variants and mrna expression, circulating selenium, and prostate cancer risk and survival.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Prostate. 2012 Nov 5. doi: 10.1002/pros.22611.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1002/pros.22611

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Penney KL; Li H; Mucci LA; Loda M; Sesso HD; Stampfer MJ; Ma J

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. kpenney@hsph.harvard.edu.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Low levels of selenium have been associated with increased risk of prostate cancer (PCa). Selenoprotein P is the most abundant selenoprotein in serum and delivers ten selenocysteine residues to tissues. Variation in the selenoprotein P gene (SEPP1) may influence PCa development or modify the effects  of selenium. We examined the association of SEPP1 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with PCa risk and survival, and tested for interactions. METHODS: The Physicians’ Health Study (PHS) is a prospective cohort of 22,071 US physicians; we utilized a nested case-control study of 1,352 PCa cases and 1,382 controls. We assessed four SNPs capturing common variation within the SEPP1 locus. In a subset of men (n = 80), we evaluated SEPP1 mRNA expression in tumors. RESULTS: Two SNPs  were significantly associated with PCa risk. For rs11959466, each T allele increased risk (odds ratio (OR) = 1.31; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.02,1.69;  P(trend) = 0.03). For rs13168440, the rare homozygote genotype decreased risk compared to the common homozygote (OR = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.33, 0.96). Moreover, there was a significant interaction of rs13168440 with plasma selenium; increasing selenium levels were associated with decreased PCa risk only among men with the minor allele (P(interaction) = 0.01). SEPP1 expression was significantly lower in men with lethal PCa than long-term survivors. CONCLUSIONS: SEPP1 genetic variation was associated with PCa incidence; replication of these results in an independent dataset is necessary. These findings further support a causal link between selenium and PCa, and suggest that the effect of selenium may differ by genetics. Prostate © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

 

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[139]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Early growth response protein 1 upregulation and nuclear translocation by 2’-benzoyloxycinnamaldehyde induces prostate cancer cell death.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Cancer Lett. 2013 Feb 28;329(2):217-27. doi: 10.1016/j.canlet.2012.11.006. Epub 2012 Nov 23.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.canlet.2012.11.006

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Kang HS; Ock J; Lee HJ; Lee YJ; Kwon BM; Hong SH

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Oral Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 700-412, South Korea.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - 2’-Benzoyloxycinnamaldehyde (BCA) induces apoptosis in human cancer cells through ROS generation. BCA upregulates proapoptotic genes such as activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3), NSAID-activated gene 1 protein (NAG-1), and growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible protein alpha (GADD45A) in prostate cancer cells. These genes are known to be induced by transcription factor early growth response protein 1 (EGR1). BCA induces significant EGR1 upregulation, while EGR1 knockdown decreases the induction of these genes with concurrent alleviation of cell death  by BCA. Antioxidant glutathione pretreatment with BCA removes EGR1 expression increase, suggesting that EGR1 upregulation is dependent on oxidative stress generated by BCA. In prostate cancer cells, EGR1 localizes in the cytoplasm; however, BCA remarkably upregulates EGR1 nuclear translocalization, suggesting its possible effect as a transcriptional activator. BCA induces transient upregulation of importin-7 (IPO7) which is critical for EGR1 nuclear translocation, and IPO7 knockdown led to a significant decrease in chemosensitivity to BCA. Taken together, our findings suggest that BCA induces prostate cancer cell death via EGR1 upregulation and nuclear translocalization, followed by activation of proapoptotic target genes.

 

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[140]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Onconephrology: the latest frontier in the war against kidney disease.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Am Soc Nephrol. 2013 Jan;24(1):26-30. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2012070690. Epub 2012 Nov 8.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1681/ASN.2012070690

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Salahudeen AK; Bonventre JV

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Nephrology Section, Department of General Internal Medicine, University of Texas  M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1400 Pressler Street, Unit 1465, FCT13.5050, Houston, TX, USA. aksalahudeen@mdanderson.org

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Renal diseases in patients with cancer have many unique features, and often these diseases require specialized approaches. Newer cancer therapy has increased cancer cure rate and survival time, but such benefit is not fully realized, partly because of therapy-associated toxicities. Fluid and electrolyte abnormalities are very common in patients with cancer, as are acute and chronic kidney injury. With the evolving complexities of newer cancer therapies, a comprehensive team approach is becoming necessary. It is essential for nephrologists to be informed and involved in cancer care. Many nephrologists caring for patients with cancer in the United States have recently met and formed a focus group, the OncoNephrology Forum, under the American Society of Nephrology. This update addresses what is clinically unique about onconephrology, the objectives and functions of the newly formed forum, and the potential of onconephrology becoming a subspecialty in nephrology.

 

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[141]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Prognostic Risk Stratification of Patients with Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder with Recurrence After Radical Cystectomy.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Urol. 2012 Oct 30. pii: S0022-5347(12)05353-0. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.10.065.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.juro.2012.10.065

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Nakagawa T; Hara T; Kawahara T; Ogata Y; Nakanishi H; Komiyama M; Arai E; Kanai Y; Fujimoto H

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic  address: tohru-tky@umin.ac.jp.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: We identify clinicopathological variables predicting overall survival in patients with recurrent bladder urothelial carcinoma after radical cystectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively collected data on 114 patients treated  with radical cystectomy for bladder urothelial carcinoma who subsequently had remote metastasis and/or local recurrence. The Kaplan-Meier method with the log rank test and multivariate Cox regression models were used to address overall survival after recurrence. RESULTS: During followup 99 of the 114 patients died.  Median survival in the 114 patients was 11.2 months. One and 3-year overall survival rates were 48.0% and 12.1%, respectively. On multivariate analysis independent predictors of poorer overall survival included less than 1 year to recurrence, symptoms at recurrence, 2 or more metastatic organs at recurrence, high serum C-reactive protein, high lactate dehydrogenase, no post-recurrence platinum based chemotherapy and no metastasectomy. Based on the 4 variables (time to recurrence, symptoms, number of metastatic organs and C-reactive protein), we  constructed a risk model predicting post-recurrence overall survival that classified patients into 3 groups with significantly different overall survival (p <0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Our data confirm that recurrent urothelial carcinoma after radical cystectomy is a highly aggressive, lethal disease. Seven clinicopathological factors were identified that predicted post-recurrence overall survival. Our risk model based on the 4 variables could be useful to provide relevant prognostic information to patients and physicians, and better stratify patients in clinical trials.

 

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[142]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Anti-cytotoxic T-cell lymphocyte antigen-4-induced regression of spinal cord metastases in association with renal failure, atypical pneumonia, vision loss, and hearing loss.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Clin Oncol. 2012 Nov 20;30(33):e356-7. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2011.41.4359. Epub 2012 Oct 8.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1200/JCO.2011.41.4359

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Voskens C; Cavallaro A; Erdmann M; Dippel O; Kaempgen E; Schuler G; Schuler-Thurner B; Heinzerling L

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.

 

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[143]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Is undetectable prostate-specific antigen always reliable to rule out prostate cancer recurrence after radical prostatectomy?

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Clin Oncol. 2012 Nov 10;30(32):e341-4. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2012.43.1767. Epub 2012 Oct 1.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1200/JCO.2012.43.1767

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Schriefer P; Steurer S; Huland H; Graefen M

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany. p.schriefer@uke.de

 

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[144]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Re: Long-term survival following partial vs radical nephrectomy among older patients with early-stage kidney cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Urol. 2012 Nov;188(5):1723-4. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.07.128. Epub 2012 Sep 19.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.juro.2012.07.128

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Penson DF

 

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[145]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Re: Projecting prostate cancer mortality in the PCPT and REDUCE chemoprevention trials.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Urol. 2012 Dec;188(6):2226-7. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.09.068. Epub 2012 Oct 22.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.juro.2012.09.068

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Walsh PC

 

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[146]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - The transcriptional regulator lola is required for stem cell maintenance and germ cell differentiation in the Drosophila testis.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Dev Biol. 2013 Jan 15;373(2):310-21. doi: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2012.11.004. Epub 2012  Nov 15.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.ydbio.2012.11.004

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Davies EL; Lim JG; Joo WJ; Tam CH; Fuller MT

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 279  Campus Drive, Beckman Center B300, Stanford, CA 94305-5329, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Stem cell behavior is regulated by extrinsic signals from specialized microenvironments, or niches, and intrinsic factors required for execution of context-appropriate responses to niche signals. Here we show that function of the transcriptional regulator longitudinals lacking (lola) is required cell autonomously for germline stem cell and somatic cyst stem cell maintenance in the Drosophila testis. In addition, lola is also required for proper execution of key developmental transitions during male germ cell differentiation, including the switch from transit amplifying progenitor to spermatocyte growth and differentiation, as well as meiotic cell cycle progression and spermiogenesis. Different lola isoforms, each having unique C-termini and zinc finger domains, may control different aspects of proliferation and differentiation in the male germline and somatic cyst stem cell lineages.

 

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[147]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Whole-body diffusion-weighted MRI compared with (18)F-NaF PET/CT for detection of bone metastases in patients with high-risk prostate carcinoma.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2012 Nov;199(5):1114-20. doi: 10.2214/AJR.11.8351.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 2214/AJR.11.8351

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Mosavi F; Johansson S; Sandberg DT; Turesson I; Sorensen J; Ahlstrom H

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Radiology, Uppsala University Hospital, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden.  firas.mosavi@akademiska.se

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of whole-body diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI) and (18)F-NaF PET/CT for detection of bone metastases in patients with high-risk prostate cancer. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Both patient- and lesion-based analyses were performed on 49 consecutive patients (median age, 67 years; age range, 57-80 years) with recently diagnosed high-risk  prostate cancer. All patients underwent bone scintigraphy, whole-body MRI including DWI and (18)F-NaF PET/CT before treatment. Bone scintigraphy, conventional MR images, and follow-up images were used as the standard of reference to evaluate (18)F-NaF PET/CT and DWI. RESULTS: On patient-based analysis, five patients had skeletal metastases on reference imaging that both DWI and (18)F-NaF PET/CT could verify, and (18)F-NaF PET/CT and DWI showed false-positive findings in four and one patient, respectively. With lesion-based  analysis, (18)F-NaF PET/CT and DWI showed nine and five true-positive lesions, zero and four false-negative lesions, and seven and two false-positive lesions, respectively. Two patients with uncountable bone metastases were analyzed separately. In these patients, (18)F-NaF PET/CT showed more bone metastases than  did DWI. CONCLUSION: We believe (18)F-NaF PET/CT is a sensitive modality for detection of bone metastases caused by prostate cancer. Whole-body DWI shows a higher specificity but lower sensitivity than (18)F-NaF PET/CT. Future studies with a larger patient cohort along with analyses of costs and clinical availability are needed before implementation of these methods can be considered.

 

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[148]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Common variation at 2q22.3 (ZEB2) influences the risk of renal cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Hum Mol Genet. 2013 Feb 15;22(4):825-31. doi: 10.1093/hmg/dds489. Epub 2012 Nov 25.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1093/hmg/dds489

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Henrion M; Frampton M; Scelo G; Purdue M; Ye Y; Broderick P; Ritchie A; Kaplan R; Meade A; McKay J; Johansson M; Lathrop M; Larkin J; Rothman N; Wang Z; Chow WH; Stevens VL; Ryan Diver W; Gapstur SM; Albanes D; Virtamo J; Wu X; Brennan P; Chanock S; Eisen T; Houlston RS

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Section of Cancer Genetics, Institute of Cancer Research, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of renal cell cancer (RCC) have identified four susceptibility loci thus far. To identify an additional RCC common susceptibility locus, we conducted a GWAS and performed a meta-analysis with published GWASs (totalling 2215 cases and 8566 controls of European background) and followed up the most significant association signals [nine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in eight genomic regions] in 3739 cases and 8786  controls. A combined analysis identified a novel susceptibility locus mapping to  2q22.3 marked by rs12105918 (P = 1.80 x 10(-8); odds ratio 1.29, 95% CI: 1.18-1.41). The signal localizes to intron 2 of the ZEB2 gene (zinc finger E box-binding homeobox 2). Our findings suggest that genetic variation in ZEB2 influences the risk of RCC. This finding provides further insights into the genetic and biological basis of inherited genetic susceptibility to RCC.

 

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[149]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Early initiation of continuous renal replacement therapy improves patient survival in severe progressive septic acute kidney injury.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Crit Care. 2012 Dec;27(6):743.e9-18. doi: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2012.08.001. Epub 2012 Oct 17.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.jcrc.2012.08.001

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Oh HJ; Shin DH; Lee MJ; Koo HM; Doh FM; Kim HR; Han JH; Park JT; Han SH; Yoo TH; Choi KH; Kang SW

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Brain Korea 21, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-752, Korea.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: The definition of “early” in terms of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) initiation has not been uniformly used. Therefore, we tried to elucidate whether the timing of CRRT application, based on the interval between the start time of vasopressors infusion and CRRT initiation, was an independent predictor of mortality in the patients with septic acute kidney injury (AKI). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Progressive septic AKI patients, in whom the infusion doses of vasopressors were increased compared with the initial dose during the first 6 hours of vasopressor treatment and CRRT was performed, between 2009 and 2011, were collected and divided into 2 groups based on the median interval between the 2 points. RESULTS: A total of 210 patients were included. The mean age was 62.4 years, and 126 patients (60.0%) were male. The most common comorbid  disease was malignancy (53.8%), followed by hypertension (35.7%) and diabetes mellitus (29.0%). The median interval between the start time of vasopressor infusion and CRRT commencement was 2.0 days. During the study period, 156 patients (74.3%) died within 28 days of CRRT application. The interval between 2  points was significantly shorter in the survivor compared with the death group (P < .001). Moreover, 28-day overall mortality rates in the early CRRT group were significantly lower than those in the late CRRT group (P = .034). Furthermore, early CRRT treatment was independently associated with a lower mortality rate even after adjustment for age, sex, causative organisms, and infection sites (P = .032). CONCLUSIONS: This retrospective cohort study suggests that early initiation of CRRT may be of benefit. Given the complex nature of this intervention, the ongoing controversies regarding early vs late initiation of therapy in acute and chronic situation, there is an urgent need to develop well-designed clinical trials to answer the question definitely.

 

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[150]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Tissue damage-associated “danger signals” influence T-cell responses that promote the progression of preneoplasia to cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Cancer Res. 2013 Jan 15;73(2):629-39. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-12-2704. Epub 2012 Oct 29.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1158/0008-5472.CAN-12-2704

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - He Y; Zha J; Wang Y; Liu W; Yang X; Yu P

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - The Committee on Immunology and Section of Dermatology/Department of Medicine University of Chicago, Chicago 60637, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - T-cell responses may be shaped by sterile “danger signals” that are constituted by damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMP). However, whether and what type of adaptive immune responses are triggered in vivo by DAMPs induced by tumor progression are not well characterized. In this study, we report that the production of HMGB1, an established DAMP released by dying cells, was critical for tumor progression in an established mouse model of prostate cancer. HMGB1 was required for the activation and intratumoral accumulation of T cells that expressed cytokine lymphotoxinalpha(1)beta(2) (LT) on their surface. Intriguingly, these tumor-activated T cells recruited macrophages to the lesion and were essential to promote the preneoplasia to invasive carcinoma in an LTbeta receptor (LTbetaR)-dependent manner. Taken together, our findings suggest that the release of HMGB1 as an endogenous danger signal is important for priming an adaptive immune response that promotes malignant progression, with implications for cancer prevention and therapy.

 

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[151]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Pre-emptive kidney transplantation to improve survival in patients with type 1 diabetes and imminent risk of ESRD.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Semin Nephrol. 2012 Sep;32(5):505-11. doi: 10.1016/j.semnephrol.2012.07.014.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.semnephrol.2012.07.014

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Pavlakis M; Kher A

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Renal Division and the Transplant Institute at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. mpavlaki@bidmc.harvard.edu

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Despite significant improvements in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy over the past 20 years, patients with type 1 diabetes are at high risk of developing end-stage renal disease and high mortality once end-stage renal disease develops. Type 1 diabetic patients treated with predialysis (pre-emptive) transplantation have a lower death rate than type 1 diabetic patients treated with dialysis. Living donor kidney transplantation is possible before starting dialysis and is associated with better kidney and patient outcomes as compared with transplantation while on dialysis. In addition, a variety of potential donors can be used, not just young, well-matched family members. Through paired kidney donation, blood group ABO-incompatible transplants and transplants across the barrier of anti-human leukocyte antigen antibodies, diabetic patients can receive living donor kidney transplants even if their intended donor is not a good match  for them. Despite these expanded options making living donation possible, only a  minority of type 1 diabetic patients receive a pre-emptive kidney transplant. Multiple barriers remain that prevent type 1 diabetic patients from enjoying the  reduced risk of death afforded by a pre-emptive kidney transplant, including lack of knowledge by primary care physicians, endocrinologists, and nephrologists; late referral for transplantation; patient and family misconceptions about timing of transplantation; and who can be a donor. The vast majority of type 1 diabetic  patients are listed for kidney transplantation after the initiation of dialysis.  Of these patients, thousands subsequently receive a live donor kidney transplant. We believe that the appropriate agencies and societies should address the barriers to pre-emptive kidney transplantation through nationwide educational initiatives and study the causes of failure to be transplanted before dialysis initiation.

 

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[152]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Donor-derived keratinocytes in actinic keratosis and squamous cell carcinoma in patients with kidney transplant.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Invest Dermatol. 2013 Apr;133(4):1108-11. doi: 10.1038/jid.2012.422. Epub 2012  Nov 29.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1038/jid.2012.422

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Verneuil L; Varna M; Leboeuf C; Plassa LF; Elbouchtaoui M; Loisel-Ferreira I; Bouhidel F; Peraldi MN; Lebbe C; Ratajczak P; Janin A

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - 1] Inserm U728, Paris, France [2] Laboratoire de Pathologie, UMR-S 728, Universite Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Paris, France [3] Department of Dermatology, CHU Caen, Caen, France [4] Universite de Caen Basse-Normandie Medical School, Caen, France.

 

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[153]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Successful treatment of renal cell carcinoma with sorafenib after effective but hepatotoxic sunitinib exposure.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Clin Oncol. 2013 Feb 20;31(6):e83-6. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2012.43.6485. Epub 2012 Nov 26.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1200/JCO.2012.43.6485

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Westgeest HM; van Erp NP; Honeywell RJ; Hoekstra R; Peters GJ; Verheul HM

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

 

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[154]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - B7-H1 as a Biomarker for Therapy Failure in Patients with Favorable Histology Wilms Tumor.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Urol. 2012 Nov 12. pii: S0022-5347(12)05477-8. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.11.012.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.juro.2012.11.012

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Routh JC; Grundy PE; Anderson JR; Retik AB; Kurek KC

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Division of Urologic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina. Electronic address: jon.routh@duke.edu.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: A minority of children with Wilms tumor will experience tumor recurrence. In a previous pilot study we found an association between expression  of an immune costimulatory molecule, B7-H1, and tumor recurrence in favorable histology Wilms tumor. We sought to verify the prognostic value of B7-H1 as a biomarker in favorable histology Wilms tumor. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a nested case-control study of tumors from the Fifth National Wilms Tumor Study.  We randomly selected 44 children unsuccessfully treated (cases) and 49 who were successfully treated for favorable histology Wilms tumor (controls). Cases and controls were matched based on tumor stage, and the analysis was restricted to children who underwent initial resection. We excluded patients with stage IV or V disease and those treated with chemotherapy or radiation. Tumor specimens were stained for B7-H1 expression. RESULTS: Of the 93 total samples analyzed 60 (65%)  demonstrated B7-H1 staining, with staining diffusely present in 13 (22%) and blastema predominant in 34 (57%). B7-H1 expression was associated with failure of initial therapy (p = 0.006). Patients with tumors showing less than 20% B7-H1 positive cells were at lower risk for treatment failure, while those with tumors  exhibiting greater than 60% B7-H1 positive cells were at greater risk for treatment failure. This association appeared to be independent of tumor stage. CONCLUSIONS: B7-H1 expression by favorable histology Wilms tumor is associated with an increased risk of failure of initial therapy.

 

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[155]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Ultrasmall superparamagnetic particles of iron oxide allow for the detection of metastases in normal sized pelvic lymph nodes of patients with bladder and/or prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Eur J Cancer. 2013 Feb;49(3):616-24. doi: 10.1016/j.ejca.2012.09.034. Epub 2012 Oct 18.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.ejca.2012.09.034

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Triantafyllou M; Studer UE; Birkhauser FD; Fleischmann A; Bains LJ; Petralia G; Christe A; Froehlich JM; Thoeny HC

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Radiology, Institute for Diagnostic, Interventional, and Pediatric  Radiology, Inselspital University Hospital Bern, Switzerland.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - AIM: Lymph node metastases influence prognosis and outcome in patients with bladder and prostate cancer. Cross sectional imaging criteria are limited in detecting metastases in normal sized lymph nodes. This prospective study assessed the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasmall superparamagnetic particles of iron oxide (USPIO)-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the detection of metastases in normal sized lymph nodes using extended pelvic lymph node dissection (ePLND) and histopathology as the reference standard. METHODS: Seventy-five patients (bladder cancer, n=19, prostate cancer n=48, both, n=8) were examined using 3T MR before and after USPIO-administration. A preoperative reading with two readers in consensus and a second postoperative reading with three independent blinded readers were performed. Results were correlated with histopathology and diagnostic accuracies were calculated for all readings. RESULTS: A total of 2993  lymph nodes were examined histopathologically. Fifty-four metastatic nodes were found in 20/75 patients (26.7%). The first reading had a sensitivity of 55.0%, specificity of 85.5%, positive predictive value (PPV) of 57.9%, negative predictive value (NPV) of 83.9%, and diagnostic accuracy (DA) of 77.3% on a per patient level. The second reading had a mean sensitivity of 58.3%, specificity of 83.0%, PPV of 58.0%, NPV of 84.4% and DA of 76.4% on a per patient level. The majority of missed metastases were smaller than 5mm in short axis diameter. CONCLUSIONS: USPIO-enhanced MRI in bladder and prostate cancer patients allows detection of metastases in normal sized lymph nodes and might guide the surgeon to remove suspicious lymph nodes not included in standard PLND.

 

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[156]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - A3 adenosine receptor mediates apoptosis in in vitro RCC4-VHL human renal cancer  cells by up-regulating AMID expression.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Urol. 2013 Jan;189(1):321-8. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.08.193. Epub 2012 Nov 19.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.juro.2012.08.193

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Nagaya H; Gotoh A; Kanno T; Nishizaki T

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Laboratory of Cell and Gene Therapy, Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences and  Division of Bioinformation, Department of Physiology, Hyogo College of Medicine,  Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Japan.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: Accumulating studies have shown that extracellular adenosine induces apoptosis in various cancer cells via diverse signaling pathways. We sought to understand adenosine induced apoptosis in human renal cancer cells and the underlying pathway. MATERIALS AND METHODS: RCC4-VHL (European Collection of Animal Cell Cultures, Salisbury, United Kingdom), ACHN (Cell Resource Center for  Biomedical Research, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohuku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan) and 786-O (ATCC®) human renal cancer cells  were cultured. MTT assay, TUNEL staining, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain  reaction and Western blot were done in cells untransfected and transfected with siRNA silencing the A(3) adenosine receptor targeted gene or the AMID targeted gene. RESULTS: Adenosine induced apoptosis in all cell types used in a concentration (1 to 10 mM) dependent manner. A similar effect was obtained with the A(3) adenosine receptor agonist 2-Cl-IB-MECA. Adenosine induced RCC4-VHL cell death was inhibited by the A(3) adenosine receptor inhibitor MRS1191 or by knocking down A(3) adenosine receptor or AMID. Adenosine up-regulated the expression of AMID mRNA and protein in RCC4-VHL cells, which was suppressed by A(3) adenosine receptor knockdown. Moreover, adenosine promoted AMID translocation from cytosol to nucleus. CONCLUSIONS: Adenosine induces RCC4-VHL cell apoptosis by up-regulating AMID expression and accumulating AMID in the nucleus via A(3) adenosine receptor.

 

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[157]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Elevated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-DNA adducts in benign prostate and risk  of prostate cancer in African Americans.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Carcinogenesis. 2013 Jan;34(1):113-20. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgs326. Epub 2012 Oct  12.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1093/carcin/bgs326

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Tang D; Kryvenko ON; Wang Y; Jankowski M; Trudeau S; Rundle A; Rybicki BA

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Carcinogen-DNA adducts, a marker of DNA damage, are capable of inducing mutations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, resulting in carcinogenesis. We have shown previously that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-DNA adduct levels in  prostate cancer cases vary by cellular histology and that higher adduct levels are associated with biochemical recurrence. A nested case-control study was conducted in a historical cohort of 6692 men with histopathologically benign prostate specimens. PAH-DNA adduct levels were determined by immunohistochemistry in benign prostate specimens from 536 prostate cancer case-control pairs (59% White and 41% African American). We estimated the overall and race-stratified risk of subsequent prostate cancer associated with higher adduct levels. Prostate cancer risk for men with elevated adduct levels (defined as greater than control  group median) was slightly increased [odds ratio (OR) = 1.28, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.98-1.67, P = 0.07]. After race stratification, elevated adduct  levels were significantly associated with increased risk in African American men  (OR = 1.56, CI = 1.00-2.44, *P = 0.05) but not White men (OR = 1.14, CI = 0.82-1.59, P = 0.45). Elevated PAH-DNA adduct levels were significantly associated with 60% increased risk of prostate cancer among cases diagnosed 1-4 years after cohort entry (OR = 1.60, CI = 1.07-2.41) with a greater risk observed in African Americans within the first 4 years of follow-up (OR = 4.71, CI = 1.97-11.26, ***P = 0.0005). Analyses stratified by age or tumor grade revealed no additional significant heterogeneity in risk. Increased prostate cancer risk associated with high PAH-DNA adduct levels in benign prostate was found only in African Americans; risk was greatest within 4 years of follow-up, possibly reflecting a carcinogenic process not yet histologically detectable.

 

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[158]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Macrophage delivery of an oncolytic virus abolishes tumor regrowth and metastasis after chemotherapy or irradiation.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Cancer Res. 2013 Jan 15;73(2):490-5. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-12-3056. Epub 2012 Nov 20.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1158/0008-5472.CAN-12-3056

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Muthana M; Rodrigues S; Chen YY; Welford A; Hughes R; Tazzyman S; Essand M; Morrow F; Lewis CE

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Academic Unit of Inflammation & Tumor Targeting, University of Sheffield Medical  School, Sheffield, United Kingdom.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Frontline anticancer therapies such as chemotherapy and irradiation often slow tumor growth, but tumor regrowth and spread to distant sites usually occurs after the conclusion of treatment. We recently showed that macrophages could be used to deliver large quantities of a hypoxia-regulated, prostate-specific oncolytic virus (OV) to prostate tumors. In the current study, we show that administration  of such OV-armed macrophages 48 hours after chemotherapy (docetaxel) or tumor irradiation abolished the posttreatment regrowth of primary prostate tumors in mice and their spread to the lungs for up to 27 or 40 days, respectively. It also significantly increased the lifespan of tumor-bearing mice compared with those given docetaxel or irradiation alone. These new findings suggest that such a novel, macrophage-based virotherapy could be used to markedly increase the efficacy of chemotherapy and irradiation in patients with prostate cancer.

 

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[159]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Nuclear Stat5a/b predicts early recurrence and prostate cancer-specific death in  patients treated by radical prostatectomy.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Hum Pathol. 2013 Mar;44(3):310-9. doi: 10.1016/j.humpath.2012.06.001. Epub 2012 Sep 29.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.humpath.2012.06.001

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Mirtti T; Leiby BE; Abdulghani J; Aaltonen E; Pavela M; Mamtani A; Alanen K; Egevad L; Granfors T; Josefsson A; Stattin P; Bergh A; Nevalainen MT

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Pathology, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki and HUSLAB, Helsinki 00014, Finland.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - There is an urgent need for reliable markers to identify patients whose prostate  cancer (PCa) will recur after initial therapy and progress to lethal disease. Gleason score (GS) is considered the most accurate predictive marker for disease-specific mortality after primary treatment of localized PCa. Most PCas cluster into groups of GS 6 and 7 with considerable variation in the disease recurrence and disease-specific death. In preclinical PCa models, Stat5a/b promotes PCa growth and progression. Stat5a/b is critical for PCa cell viability  in vitro and for tumor growth in vivo and promotes metastatic dissemination of cancer in nude mice. Here, we analyzed the predictive value of high nuclear Stat5a/b protein levels in 2 cohorts of PCas: Material I (n = 562) PCas treated by radical prostatectomy (RP), and Material II (n = 106) PCas treated by deferred palliative therapy. In intermediate GS PCas treated by radical prostatectomy, high levels of nuclear Stat5a/b predicted both early recurrence (univariable analysis; P < .0001, multivariable analysis; HR = 1.82, P = .017) and early PCa-specific death (univariable analysis; P = .028). In addition, high nuclear Stat5a/b predicted early disease recurrence in both univariable (P < .0001) and multivariable (HR = 1.61; P = .012) analysis in the entire cohort of patients treated by RP regardless of the GS. Patients treated by deferred palliative therapy, elevated nuclear Stat5a/b expression was associated with early PCa-specific death by univariable Cox regression analysis (HR = 1.59; 95% CI = [1.04, 2.44]; P = .034). If confirmed in future prospective studies, nuclear Stat5a/b may become a useful independent predictive marker of recurrence of lethal PCa after RP for intermediate GS PCas.

 

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[160]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Role of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma in bacillus Calmette-Guerin bladder cancer therapy.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Urol. 2012 Dec;188(6):2384-90. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.07.109. Epub 2012 Oct 22.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.juro.2012.07.109

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Langle Y; Lodillinsky C; Belgorosky D; Sandes EO; Eijan AM

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Area Investigacion, Instituto de Oncologia Angel H Roffo, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: We evaluated the effects of combined PPARg agonist with bacillus Calmette-Guerin in bladder cancer growth in vitro and in vivo, focusing on the tissue remodeling mechanisms induced by bacillus Calmette-Guerin. MATERIALS AND METHODS: PPARs are a superfamily of nuclear receptors that are transcription factors activated by ligands. Activation of PPARg, the gamma subtype, causes proliferation inhibition or differentiation of tumor cells. Previously, we reported that the inhibition of murine bladder tumor growth induced by bacillus Calmette-Guerin, which is the standard treatment for patients with nonmuscle invasive, high grade bladder cancer, increased PPARg expression in vitro and in vivo. In vitro the cell growth inhibition induced by bacillus Calmette-Guerin was enhanced by the PPARg agonist 15-d-PGJ2, raising the possibility that PPARg activation may be a therapeutic modality for this disease. RESULTS: In MB49 cells bacillus Calmette-Guerin and 15-d-PGJ2 induced PPARg expression, nuclear translocation and transcriptional activity. In vivo bacillus Calmette-Guerin reduced tumor size, an effect that was partially reversed when bacillus Calmette-Guerin was combined with the PPARg agonist rosiglitazone. The same result was found when we analyzed the effect of the PPARg antagonist BADGE (Fluka Chemical, Buchs, Switzerland) combined with bacillus Calmette-Guerin. Analysis of the activation of macrophages and fibroblasts demonstrated that rosiglitazone inhibited the tissue remodeling mechanisms induced by bacillus Calmette-Guerin. CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that PPARg is involved in the antitumor action of bacillus Calmette-Guerin. However, exogenous PPARg agonists would not be a favorable therapeutic modality because they can inhibit the tissue remodeling needed for an overall satisfactory bacillus Calmette-Guerin response.

 

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[161]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Polymorphism in protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor delta is associated with the risk of clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Gene. 2013 Jan 1;512(1):64-9. doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2012.09.094. Epub 2012 Oct 13.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.gene.2012.09.094

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Du Y; Su T; Tan X; Li X; Xie J; Wang G; Shen J; Hou J; Cao G

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is a common urological malignancy. Our previous study has indicated that the protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type  delta (PTPRD) gene may play a role. To determine the effect of PTPRD genetic polymorphisms on ccRCC occurrence and progression, a total of 377 ccRCC cases and 754 matched controls were enrolled in the study. DNA sequencing and genotyping, and immunohistochemistry were conducted to test the associations of genotypes with ccRCC risk and PTPRD expression level in somatic tissues. The C allele of PTPRD rs2279776 was associated with a higher risk of ccRCC (per allele OR=1.23, P=0.03). Patients without distant metastasis at the time of surgery were followed for a median of 33.1months. Overall survival was not different between different  rs2279776 genotype groups (P=0.30). The C allele was associated with a higher percentage of negative immunostaining in adjacent normal renal tissues (P=0.02).  PTPRD rs2279776 SNP may be a novel genetic risk factor of ccRCC.

 

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[162]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - STAT3 polymorphism can predict the response to interferon-alpha therapy in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Eur Urol. 2013 Apr;63(4):745-52. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2012.09.052. Epub 2012 Sep 28.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.eururo.2012.09.052

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Eto M; Kamba T; Miyake H; Fujisawa M; Kamai T; Uemura H; Tsukamoto T; Azuma H; Matsubara A; Nishimura K; Nakamura T; Ogawa O; Naito S

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: In our 2007 retrospective study, we reported that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (acute-phase response factor) (STAT3) gene were significantly associated with better response to interferon (IFN)-alpha in patients with metastatic renal cell  carcinoma (mRCC). OBJECTIVE: To prospectively confirm those results, the Japan Immunotherapy SNPs-Study Group for Kidney Cancer conducted this trial. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: In this multicenter, prospective study, 203 eligible patients were enrolled. We evaluated the correlation between the antitumor effects of IFN-alpha and 11 SNPs (STAT3-2, STAT3-0, SOCS3-1, IL4R-34, PTGS1-3, PTGS1-4, PTGS1-5, PTGS2-12, IRF2-67, ICSBP-38, and TAP2-5) in eight genes in 180  patients who received IFN-alpha for >12 wk. INTERVENTIONS: Patients were treated  with three doses per week of IFN-alpha 5 million IU. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: We analyzed the association of response to IFN-alpha and overall survival (OS) with genetic polymorphisms using a chi-square test and a logistic regression model. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: The response rate of IFN-alpha was 13.8% (28 of 203 patients; 9 complete responses [CRs], 19 partial responses [PRs]). The CR rate of 4.4% was higher than we expected. Response to IFN-alpha was not associated with any of the 11 SNPs examined. However, when we assessed patients with CR, PR, and stable disease >24 wk as a group representing  those with clinical response, a significant association was observed between STAT3-2 (rs1905341) and the clinical response of IFN-alpha (p=0.039). Namely, C/C genotype of STAT3-2 was significantly associated with the clinical response of IFN-alpha and OS. These results were generated in Japanese patients and should be studied in other ethnic groups. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first prospective study  demonstrating that a STAT3 polymorphism can be a predictive marker for treatment  with IFN-alpha for patients with mRCC.

 

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[163]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Sperm counts and endocrinological markers of spermatogenesis in long-term survivors of testicular cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Br J Cancer. 2012 Nov 20;107(11):1833-9. doi: 10.1038/bjc.2012.471.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1038/bjc.2012.471

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Brydoy M; Fossa SD; Klepp O; Bremnes RM; Wist EA; Bjoro T; Wentzel-Larsen T; Dahl O

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Section of Oncology, Institute of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen N-5021,  Norway. marianne.brydoy@helse-bergen.no

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to assess markers of spermatogenesis  in long-term survivors of testicular cancer (TC) according to treatment, and to explore correlations between the markers and associations with achieved paternity following TC treatment. METHODS: In 1191 TC survivors diagnosed between 1980 and  1994, serum-follicle stimulating hormone (s-FSH; n=1191), s-inhibin B (n=441), and sperm counts (millions per ml; n=342) were analysed in a national follow-up study in 1998-2002. Paternity was assessed by a questionnaire. RESULTS: At median 11 years follow-up, 44% had oligo- (<15 millions per ml; 29%) or azoospermia (15%). Sperm counts and s-inhibin B were significantly lower and s-FSH was higher after chemotherapy, but not after radiotherapy (RT), when compared with surgery only. All measures were significantly more abnormal following high doses of chemotherapy (cisplatin (Cis)>850 mg, absolute cumulative dose) compared with lower doses (Cis </= 850 mg). Sperm counts were moderately correlated with s-FSH  (-0.500), s-inhibin B (0.455), and s-inhibin B : FSH ratio (-0.524; all P<0.001). All markers differed significantly between those who had achieved post-treatment  fatherhood and those with unsuccessful attempts. CONCLUSION: The RT had no long-term effects on the assessed markers of spermatogenesis, whereas chemotherapy had. At present, the routine evaluation of s-inhibin B adds little in the initial fertility evaluation of TC survivors.

 

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[164]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Association between SDF1-3’A or CXCR4 gene polymorphisms with predisposition to and clinicopathological characteristics of prostate cancer with or without metastases.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Mol Biol Rep. 2012 Dec;39(12):11073-9. doi: 10.1007/s11033-012-2010-4. Epub 2012  Oct 11.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s11033-012-2010-4

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Isman FK; Kucukgergin C; Dasdemir S; Cakmakoglu B; Sanli O; Seckin S

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, Goztepe Teaching and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - In the present study, we aimed to investigate the association between SDF1-3’A and CXCR4 gene polymorphisms and the susceptibility and clinicopathological development of prostate cancer. SDF1-3’A and CXCR4 gene polymorphisms were assessed by polymerase chain reaction restriction-fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) in 149 healthy subjects and 152 patients with prostate cancer. There were no significant differences in the distributions of SDF-1 and CXCR4 genotypes between controls and prostate cancer patients. However, the patients with AA genotype of SDF1-3’A gene presented a higher risk for developing an advanced disease status as compared to patients with GG homozygotes (aOR = 2.02; 95 % CI = 1.05-3.90; P = 0.035). In addition, the distribution of AA genotype of SDF1-3’A gene was found significantly increased in the patients with bone metastasis in comparison to those without bone metastasis (aOR = 2.94; 95 % CI = 1.26-6.82; P = 0.012). On the other hand, CXCR4 gene polymorphism was not associated with the clinicopathological characteristics of prostate cancer. Our results suggest that  SDF1-3’A and CXCR4 gene polymorphisms may not be risk factors for the susceptibility to prostate cancer. However, SDF1-3’A gene polymorphism may be associated with the progression and bone metastasis of prostate cancer in a Turkish men population.

 

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[165]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Survival in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury treated with early hemodiafiltration.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Int J Artif Organs. 2012 Dec;35(12):1039-46. doi: 10.5301/ijao.5000133.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 5301/ijao.5000133

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Boussekey N; Capron B; Delannoy PY; Devos P; Alfandari S; Chiche A; Meybeck A; Georges H; Leroy O

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Intensive Care and Infectious Disease Unit, Tourcoing Hospital, University of Lille, Tourcoing, France. nboussekey@ch-tourcoing.fr

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: Early renal replacement therapy (RRT) initiation should theoretically influence many physiological disorders related to acute kidney injury (AKI). Currently, there is no consensus about RRT timing in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of all critically ill patients who received RRT in our ICU during a 3 year-period. Our goal was to identify mortality risk factors and if RRT initiation timing had an impact on survival. RRT timing was calculated from the moment the patient was classified as having acute kidney injury in the RIFLE classification. RESULTS: A hundred and ten patients received RRT. We identified four independent mortality risk factors: need for mechanical ventilation (OR = 12.82 (1.305 - 125.868, p = 0.0286); RRT initiation timing >16 h (OR = 5.66 (1.954 - 16.351), p = 0.0014); urine output on admission <500 ml/day (OR = 4.52 (1.666 - 12.251), p = 0.003); and SAPS II on admission >70 (OR = 3.45 (1.216 - 9.815), p = 0.02). The RRT initiation =16 h and RRT initiation >16 h groups presented the same baseline characteristics, except for more severe gravity scores and kidney failure in the early RRT group. CONCLUSIONS: Early RRT in ICU patients with acute kidney injury or failure was associated with increased survival.

 

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[166]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Loss of receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase beta/zeta (RPTPbeta/zeta) promotes  prostate cancer metastasis.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Biol Chem. 2012 Nov 23;287(48):40339-49. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M112.405852. Epub 2012 Oct 11.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1074/jbc.M112.405852

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Diamantopoulou Z; Kitsou P; Menashi S; Courty J; Katsoris P

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Division of Genetics, Cell, and Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Patras, 26500 Patras, Greece.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: The role of pleiotrophin and its receptors RPTPbeta/zeta and Syndecan-3 during tumor metastasis remains unknown. RESULTS: RPTPbeta/zeta knockdown initiates EMT, promotes pleiotrophin-mediated migration and attachment  through Syndecan-3 and induces in vivo metastasis. CONCLUSION: RPTPbeta/zeta plays a suppressor-like role in prostate cancer metastasis. SIGNIFICANCE: Boosting RPTPbeta/zeta or attenuating Syndecan-3 signaling pathways may lead to more effective therapeutic strategies in treating prostate cancer metastasis. Pleiotrophin is a growth factor that induces carcinogenesis. Despite the fact that many published reports focused on the role of pleiotrophin and its receptors, receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase (RPTPbeta/zeta), and syndecan-3  during tumor development, no information is available regarding their function in tumor metastasis. To investigate the mechanism through which pleiotrophin regulates tumor metastasis, we used two different prostate carcinoma cell lines,  DU145 and PC3, in which the expression of RPTPbeta/zeta or syndecan-3 was down-regulated by the RNAi technology. The loss of RPTPbeta/zeta expression initiated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and increased the ability of the cells to migrate and invade. Importantly, the loss of RPTPbeta/zeta expression increased metastasis in nude mice in an experimental metastasis assay. We also demonstrate that RPTPbeta/zeta counterbalanced the pleiotrophin-mediated  syndecan-3 pathway. While the inhibition of syndecan-3 expression inhibited the pleiotrophin-mediated cell migration and attachment through the Src and Fak pathway, the inhibition of RPTPbeta/zeta expression increased pleiotrophin-mediated migration and attachment through an interaction with Src and the subsequent activation of a signal transduction pathway involving Fak, Pten, and Erk1/2. Taken together, these results suggest that the loss of RPTPbeta/zeta may contribute to the metastasis of prostate cancer cells by inducing EMT and promoting pleiotrophin activity through the syndecan-3 pathway.

 

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[167]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Longitudinal analysis of pain in patients with metastatic prostate cancer using natural language processing of medical record text.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2012 Nov 9.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1136/amiajnl-2012-001076

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Heintzelman NH; Taylor RJ; Simonsen L; Lustig R; Anderko D; Haythornthwaite JA; Childs LC; Bova GS

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Information Systems and Global Solutions, Lockheed Martin Corporation, Valley Forge, Pennsylvania, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - OBJECTIVES: To test the feasibility of using text mining to depict meaningfully the experience of pain in patients with metastatic prostate cancer, to identify novel pain phenotypes, and to propose methods for longitudinal visualization of pain status. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Text from 4409 clinical encounters for 33 men enrolled in a 15-year longitudinal clinical/molecular autopsy study of metastatic prostate cancer (Project to ELIminate lethal CANcer) was subjected to natural language processing (NLP) using Unified Medical Language System-based terms. A four-tiered pain scale was developed, and logistic regression analysis identified factors that correlated with experience of severe pain during each month. RESULTS: NLP identified 6387 pain and 13 827 drug mentions in the text. Graphical displays revealed the pain ‘landscape’ described in the textual records and confirmed dramatically increasing levels of pain in the last years of life in all but two patients, all of whom died from metastatic cancer. Severe pain was associated with receipt of opioids (OR=6.6, p<0.0001) and palliative radiation (OR=3.4, p=0.0002). Surprisingly, no severe or controlled pain was detected in two of 33 subjects’ clinical records. Additionally, the NLP algorithm proved generalizable in an evaluation using a separate data source (889 Informatics for  Integrating Biology and the Bedside (i2b2) discharge summaries). DISCUSSION: Patterns in the pain experience, undetectable without the use of NLP to mine the  longitudinal clinical record, were consistent with clinical expectations, suggesting that meaningful NLP-based pain status monitoring is feasible. Findings in this initial cohort suggest that ‘outlier’ pain phenotypes useful for probing  the molecular basis of cancer pain may exist. LIMITATIONS: The results are limited by a small cohort size and use of proprietary NLP software. CONCLUSIONS:  We have established the feasibility of tracking longitudinal patterns of pain by  text mining of free text clinical records. These methods may be useful for monitoring pain management and identifying novel cancer phenotypes.

 

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[168]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Effect of vascular comorbidities on survival of type 2 diabetes patients on renal replacement therapy.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Am J Nephrol. 2012;36(6):509-15. doi: 10.1159/000345143. Epub 2012 Nov 17.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1159/000345143

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Kervinen M; Lehto S; Gronhagen-Riska C; Finne P

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Internal Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland. marjo.kervinen@kuh.fi

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Atherosclerosis is an important predictor of mortality in patients with end-stage renal disease. The aim of this study was to determine how various  vascular comorbidities such as coronary heart disease (CHD), peripheral vascular  disease (PVD) or cerebrovascular disease (CeVD) affect survival of type 2 diabetic patients on renal replacement therapy (RRT). METHODS: Patients who entered RRT because of type 2 diabetes in 2000-2008 (n = 877) were identified within the Finnish Registry for Kidney Diseases. The patients were followed up until death or end of follow-up. Survival probabilities were calculated using Kaplan-Meier curves. Multivariate modeling was performed using Cox regression. RESULTS: 41% of the patients had CHD, 27% PVD and 16% CeVD at the start of RRT. Patients with PVD had a 1.9-fold (95% CI 1.6-2.3) risk of death compared to those without PVD when adjusting for age and gender, while patients with CHD had a 1.5-fold (95% CI 1.2-1.8) and those with CeVD a 1.4-fold (95% CI 1.1-1.8) risk compared to those without these diseases. The hazard ratio (HR) for death was highest in patients with the combination of PVD and either CHD (HR 2.8, 95% CI 2.1-3.8) or CeVD (HR 2.9, 95% CI 1.6-5.2) as compared to patients without any vascular comorbidities. CONCLUSION: PVD is the vascular comorbidity that increases risk of death the most among patients with type 2 diabetes starting RRT. Prevention of PVD in this patient group would merit further studies.

 

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[169]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Challenges in recognizing treatment-related neuroendocrine prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Clin Oncol. 2012 Dec 20;30(36):e386-9. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2011.41.5166. Epub 2012 Nov 19.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1200/JCO.2011.41.5166

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Beltran H; Tagawa ST; Park K; MacDonald T; Milowsky MI; Mosquera JM; Rubin MA; Nanus DM

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Weill Cornell Cancer Center; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.

 

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[170]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Determinants of anxiety in patients with advanced somatic disease: differences and similarities between patients undergoing renal replacement therapies and patients suffering from cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Int Urol Nephrol. 2012 Nov 17.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s11255-012-0326-6

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Janiszewska J; Lichodziejewska-Niemierko M; Golebiewska J; Majkowicz M; Rutkowski B

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Palliative Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 2, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland, jjaniszewska@gumed.edu.pl.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - OBJECTIVE: Anxiety is the most frequent emotional reaction to the chronic somatic disease. However, little is known about anxiety and coping strategies in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing renal replacement therapies (RRTs). The purpose of the study was to assess the intensity and determinants of  anxiety in patients treated with different RRTs in comparison with end-stage breast cancer patients and healthy controls. METHODS: The study involved (1) ESRD patients undergoing different RRTs: 32 renal transplant recipients, 31 maintenance haemodialysis and 21 chronic peritoneal dialysis patients, (2) women  with end-stage breast cancer (n = 25) and (3) healthy persons (n = 55). We used State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Scale of Personal Religiousness, Mental Adjustment to Cancer Scale, Rotterdam Symptom Checklist with reference to medical history. The data thus obtained were analysed using the analysis of variance, the Tukey’s  HSD post hoc test and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. RESULTS: Both ESRD and breast cancer patients revealed higher level of anxiety state and trait than  healthy controls; however, there was no statistically significant difference found between both findings. There was a tendency towards higher levels of anxiety state in breast cancer patients when compared to ESRD patients undergoing the RRT treatment and for both groups non-constructive coping strategies correlated with the levels of anxiety state. With ESRD patients undergoing RRTs,  the intensity of anxiety state did not depend on the mode of treatment but on the correlation between the levels of anxiety and the general quality of their life,  psychological condition and social activity. CONCLUSION: In patients with advanced somatic disease (ESRD and end-stage breast cancer), non-constructive strategies of coping with the disease require further evaluation and possibly psychological support.

 

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[171]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Competing risks of death in patients with localized renal cell carcinoma: a comorbidity based model.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Urol. 2012 Dec;188(6):2077-83. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.07.100. Epub 2012 Oct 18.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.juro.2012.07.100

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Kutikov A; Egleston BL; Canter D; Smaldone MC; Wong YN; Uzzo RG

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urological Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19111, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: Multiple risks compete with cancer as the primary cause of death. These  factors must be considered against the benefits of treatment. We constructed a model of competing causes of death to help contextualize treatment trade-off analyses in patients with localized renal cell carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS:  We identified 6,655 individuals 66 years old or older with localized renal cell carcinoma in the linked SEER (Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results)-Medicare data set for 1995 to 2005. We used Fine and Gray competing risks proportional hazards regression to predict probabilities of competing mortality outcomes. Prognostic markers included race, gender, tumor size, age and the Charlson comorbidity index score. RESULTS: At a median followup of 43 months, age and comorbidity score strongly correlated with patient mortality and were most predictive of nonkidney cancer death, as measured by concordance statistics. Patients with localized, node negative kidney cancer had a low 3 (4.7%), 5 (7.5%) and 10-year (11.9%) probability of cancer specific death but a significantly higher overall risk of death from competing causes within 3 (10.9%), 5 (20.1%) and 10 years (44.4%) of renal cell carcinoma diagnosis, depending on comorbidity  score. CONCLUSIONS: Informed treatment decisions regarding patients with solid tumors must integrate not only cancer related variables but also factors that predict noncancer death. We established a comorbidity based predictive model that may assist in patient counseling by allowing quantification and comparison of competing risks of death in patients 66 years old or older with localized renal cell carcinoma who elect to proceed with surgery.

 

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[172]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - A 2-stage genome-wide association study to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with development of erectile dysfunction following radiation therapy for prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2013 Jan 1;85(1):e21-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2012.08.003. Epub 2012 Sep 26.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.ijrobp.2012.08.003

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Kerns SL; Stock R; Stone N; Buckstein M; Shao Y; Campbell C; Rath L; De Ruysscher D; Lammering G; Hixson R; Cesaretti J; Terk M; Ostrer H; Rosenstein BS

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Radiation Oncology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: To identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with development of erectile dysfunction (ED) among prostate cancer patients treated with radiation therapy. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A 2-stage genome-wide association  study was performed. Patients were split randomly into a stage I discovery cohort (132 cases, 103 controls) and a stage II replication cohort (128 cases, 102 controls). The discovery cohort was genotyped using Affymetrix 6.0 genome-wide arrays. The 940 top ranking SNPs selected from the discovery cohort were genotyped in the replication cohort using Illumina iSelect custom SNP arrays. RESULTS: Twelve SNPs identified in the discovery cohort and validated in the replication cohort were associated with development of ED following radiation therapy (Fisher combined P values 2.1x10(-5) to 6.2x10(-4)). Notably, these 12 SNPs lie in or near genes involved in erectile function or other normal cellular  functions (adhesion and signaling) rather than DNA damage repair. In a multivariable model including nongenetic risk factors, the odds ratios for these  SNPs ranged from 1.6 to 5.6 in the pooled cohort. There was a striking relationship between the cumulative number of SNP risk alleles an individual possessed and ED status (Sommers’ D P value=1.7x10(-29)). A 1-allele increase in  cumulative SNP score increased the odds for developing ED by a factor of 2.2 (P value=2.1x10(-19)). The cumulative SNP score model had a sensitivity of 84% and specificity of 75% for prediction of developing ED at the radiation therapy planning stage. CONCLUSIONS: This genome-wide association study identified a set  of SNPs that are associated with development of ED following radiation therapy. These candidate genetic predictors warrant more definitive validation in an independent cohort.

 

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[173]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Risk of radiogenic second cancers following volumetric modulated arc therapy and  proton arc therapy for prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Phys Med Biol. 2012 Nov 7;57(21):7117-32. doi: 10.1088/0031-9155/57/21/7117. Epub 2012 Oct 10.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1088/0031-9155/57/21/7117

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Rechner LA; Howell RM; Zhang R; Etzel C; Lee AK; Newhauser WD

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Prostate cancer patients who undergo radiotherapy are at an increased risk to develop a radiogenic second cancer. Proton therapy has been shown to reduce the predicted risk of second cancer when compared to intensity modulated radiotherapy. However, it is unknown if this is also true for the rotational therapies proton arc therapy and volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT). The objective of this study was to compare the predicted risk of cancer following proton arc therapy and VMAT for prostate cancer. Proton arc therapy and VMAT plans were created for three patients. Various risk models were combined with the dosimetric data (therapeutic and stray dose) to predict the excess relative risk  (ERR) of cancer in the bladder and rectum. Ratios of ERR values (RRR) from proton arc therapy and VMAT were calculated. RRR values ranged from 0.74 to 0.99, and all RRR values were shown to be statistically less than 1, except for the value calculated with the linear-non-threshold risk model. We conclude that the predicted risk of cancer in the bladder or rectum following proton arc therapy for prostate cancer is either less than or approximately equal to the risk following VMAT, depending on which risk model is applied.

 

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[174]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Molecularly modified VP3 (30-121) induces apoptosis in human bladder cancer (EJ)  cells but not in normal (3T3) cells.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Cell Biol Int. 2012 Nov 1;36(11):1037-42. doi: 10.1042/CBI20110390.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1042/CBI20110390

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Yang J; Wang J; Zuo Y; Zhan H

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital Of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650101, People’s Republic of China.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - The chicken anaemia virus protein 3 (VP3 or apoptin) induces apoptosis specifically in tumour and transformed cells but not in normal cells. This selective apoptosis is ideal for therapeutic purposes. However, VP3, a heterologous protein, is immunogenic in vivo. Such a drawback limits its clinical usage. To diminish its potential immunogenicity, we modified the sequence of VP3. The VP3 genes functional sequence starts at 33 AA (amino acids) from the N-terminal side, and the first protein structural domain consists of 30 AA. We found that the first domain of VP3 contains no functional sequences. Therefore, this domain was removed to test whether its absence affects apoptosis. Transfection of EGFP (enhance green fluorescent protein)-modified-VP3 or HA-modified-VP3 in bladder cancer cell lines (EJ) resulted in its expression, successful localization to the nucleus and efficient induction of apoptosis. Expression of EGFP-modified-VP3 or HA-modified-VP3 had no influence on mouse fibroblast cells (3T3). The modified VP3 (30-121), like the wild-type VP3, induced EJ cell apoptosis without affecting 3T3 cells. This study increases our understanding of modified VP3 (30-121) as a possible substitute for the wild-type VP3, which makes VP3 (30-121) an interesting candidate for the development of novel therapeutic strategies.

 

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[175]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Bone density testing among prostate cancer survivors treated with androgen-deprivation therapy.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Cancer. 2013 Feb 15;119(4):863-70. doi: 10.1002/cncr.27830. Epub 2012 Oct 12.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1002/cncr.27830

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Morgans AK; Smith MR; O’Malley AJ; Keating NL

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Division of Hematology and Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) causes bone loss and fractures. Guidelines recommend bone density testing before and during ADT to characterize fracture risk. The authors of the current report assessed bone density testing among men who received ADT for >/= 1 year. METHODS: Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results/Medicare data were used to identify 28,960 men aged > 65 years with local/regional prostate cancer diagnosed from 2001 to 2007 who were followed through 2009 and who received >/= 1 year of continuous ADT. Bone density testing  was documented in the 18-month period beginning 6 months before ADT initiation. Logistic regression was used to identify the factors associated with bone density testing. RESULTS: Among men who received >/= 1 year of ADT, 10.2% had a bone density assessment from 6 months before starting ADT through 1 year after. Bone density testing increased over time (14.5% of men who initiated ADT in 2007-2008  vs 6% of men who initiated ADT in 2001-2002; odds ratio for 2007-2008 vs 2001-2002, 2.29; 95% confidence interval, 1.83-2.85). Less bone density testing was observed among men aged >/= 85 years versus men ages 66 to 69 years (odds ratio, 0.76; 95% confidence interval, 0.65-0.89), among black men versus white men (odds ratio, 0.72; 95% confidence interval, 0.61-0.86), and among men in areas with lower educational attainment (P < .001). Men who visited a medical oncologist and/or a primary care provider in addition to a urologist had higher odds of testing than men who only consulted a urologist (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS:  Few men who received ADT for prostate cancer underwent bone density testing, particularly older men, black men, and those living in areas with low educational attainment. Visiting a medical oncologist was associated with increased odds of testing. Interventions are needed to increase bone density testing among men who  receive long-term ADT. Data on bone density testing for nonmilitary populations of prostate cancer survivors in the United States who have received long-term androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) have not been published. The current analysis  of Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results/Medicare data suggests that few prostate cancer survivors who receive long-term ADT undergo bone density testing; and several key populations, including African Americans and older men, have considerably lower rates of bone density screening.

 

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[176]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Curcumin inhibits prostate cancer metastasis in vivo by targeting the inflammatory cytokines CXCL1 and -2.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Carcinogenesis. 2012 Dec;33(12):2507-19. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgs312. Epub 2012 Oct 5.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1093/carcin/bgs312

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Killian PH; Kronski E; Michalik KM; Barbieri O; Astigiano S; Sommerhoff CP; Pfeffer U; Nerlich AG; Bachmeier BE

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Institute of Laboratory Medicine (former Dept. of Clin. Chemistry and Biochemistry), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - In America and Western Europe, prostate cancer is the second leading cause of death in men. Emerging evidence suggests that chronic inflammation is a major risk factor for the development and metastatic progression of prostate cancer. We previously reported that the chemopreventive polyphenol curcumin inhibits the expression of the proinflammatory cytokines CXCL1 and -2 leading to diminished formation of breast cancer metastases. In this study, we analyze the effects of curcumin on prostate carcinoma growth, apoptosis and metastasis. We show that curcumin inhibits translocation of NFkappaB to the nucleus through the inhibition of the IkappaB-kinase (IKKbeta, leading to stabilization of the inhibitor of NFkappaB, IkappaBalpha, in PC-3 prostate carcinoma cells. Inhibition of NFkappaB  activity reduces expression of CXCL1 and -2 and abolishes the autocrine/paracrine loop that links the two chemokines to NFkappaB. The combination of curcumin with  the synthetic IKKbeta inhibitor, SC-541, shows no additive or synergistic effects indicating that the two compounds share the target. Treatment of the cells with curcumin and siRNA-based knockdown of CXCL1 and -2 induce apoptosis, inhibit proliferation and downregulate several important metastasis-promoting factors like COX2, SPARC and EFEMP. In an orthotopic mouse model of hematogenous metastasis, treatment with curcumin inhibits statistically significantly formation of lung metastases. In conclusion, chronic inflammation can induce a metastasis prone phenotype in prostate cancer cells by maintaining a positive proinflammatory and prometastatic feedback loop between NFkappaB and CXCL1/-2. Curcumin disrupts this feedback loop by the inhibition of NFkappaB signaling leading to reduced metastasis formation in vivo.

 

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[177]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Human cytosolic sialidase NEU2-low general tissue expression but involvement in PC-3 prostate cancer cell survival.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2012 Nov 9;428(1):142-9. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.10.028. Epub 2012 Oct 12.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.bbrc.2012.10.028

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Koseki K; Wada T; Hosono M; Hata K; Yamaguchi K; Nitta K; Miyagi T

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Division of Biochemistry, Miyagi Cancer Center Research Institute, Natori 981-1293, Japan.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Human cytosolic sialidase (NEU2) has been identified and characterized using a NEU2 cDNA constructed from a genomic library of human skeletal muscle. However, the tissue distribution of NEU2 mRNA and the physiological functions of the enzyme remain unclear. In the present study, unlike other human sialidases, NEU2  expression as assessed by quantitative real-time PCR was found to be extremely low or undetectable in many human tissues and cells, with notable exceptions like the placenta and testis. The gene forms obtained by PCR with cDNAs synthesized from poly (A)(+) RNA of human brain and colon were verified to encode cytosolic sialidase with appropriate activity, regardless of the brain gene feature of SNPs. Among a series of human cancer cell lines examined, only prostate cancer PC-3 cells exhibited relatively high expression and NEU2-silencing with an siRNA  resulted in decreased cell survival and motility. To gain insights into the significance of the high levels, transcription factors in the promoter region of  the NEU2 gene were surveyed for involvement. PC-3 cells were characterized by high expression of Runx2 and Sp3, and their silencing reduced NEU2, suggesting regulatory roles.

 

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[178]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Molecular genetic evidence supporting the origin of somatic-type malignancy and teratoma from the same progenitor cell.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Am J Surg Pathol. 2012 Dec;36(12):1849-56. doi: 10.1097/PAS.0b013e31826df1ab.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1097/PAS.0b013e31826df1ab

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Kum JB; Ulbright TM; Williamson SR; Wang M; Zhang S; Foster RS; Grignon DJ; Eble JN; Beck SD; Cheng L

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Occasionally, testicular teratomas have been observed to occur in association with somatic-type malignancies. The latter may be seen in the primary germ cell tumor or, more commonly, in metastases after chemotherapy. The molecular-genetic  relationship between the teratoma and the somatic-type malignancy is uncertain. We examined 27 pairs of teratoma and somatic-type malignancies in metastatic lesions. Interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis for 12p overexpression and i(12p) was performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens. In addition, we compared the pattern of allelic loss between the teratoma and the somatic-type malignancy using 4 microsatellite DNA markers (D1S508, interferon-alpha, D13S317, and D18S543). A laser capture microdissection technique was used to procure separate tumor components. The somatic-type malignancies included adenocarcinoma (13), primitive neuroectodermal tumor (5), sarcoma not otherwise specified (5), squamous cell carcinoma (1), chondrosarcoma  (1), and rhabdomyosarcoma (2). Twenty-one of 27 tumor pairs (78%) showed a similar pattern of overexpression of 12p and/or i(12p) in both components. Two of the 27 (7%) tumor pairs showed i(12p) only in the teratomatous component, and 4 of the 27 (15%) tumor pairs showed no abnormalities of chromosome 12p by interphase FISH. Eight of the 12 (67%) tumor pairs analyzed had identical patterns of loss of heterozygosity in both the teratoma and the somatic-type malignancy. Four of the 12 (33%) paired cases showed additional allelic loss at the interferon-alpha locus in the somatic-type malignant component only. Our data show that the somatic-type malignancies that develop in germ cell tumors have the same genetic alterations, detectable by FISH and loss of heterozygosity studies,  as in the corresponding teratoma. These findings support that the somatic-type malignancies within metastases and the teratomas are clonally related and likely  derived from a common progenitor cell. Interphase FISH can be performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue and is a sensitive method for detecting  12p overexpression and i(12p), thus aiding in establishing the germ cell origin of somatic-type malignancies in this context.

 

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[179]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Dynamic sentinel lymph node biopsy in patients with invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the penis: a prospective study of the long-term outcome of 500 inguinal basins assessed at a single institution.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Eur Urol. 2013 Apr;63(4):657-63. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2012.10.035. Epub 2012 Oct 27.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.eururo.2012.10.035

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Lam W; Alnajjar HM; La-Touche S; Perry M; Sharma D; Corbishley C; Pilcher J; Heenan S; Watkin N

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, St. George’s Hospital, London, UK.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Dynamic sentinel node biopsy (DSNB) in combination with ultrasound scan (USS) has been the technique of choice at our centre since 2004 for the assessment of nonpalpable inguinal lymph nodes (cN0) in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the penis (SCCp). Sensitivity and false-negative rates may vary depending on whether results are reported per patient or per node basin, and with or without USS. OBJECTIVE: To determine the long-term outcome of patients undergoing DSNB and USS-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in our cohort of newly diagnosed cN0 SCCp patients, as well as to analyse any variation  in sensitivity of the procedure. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: A series of consecutive patients with newly diagnosed SCCp, over a 6-yr period (2004-2010), were analysed prospectively with a minimum follow-up period of 21 mo. All patients had definitive histology of >/= T1G2 and nonpalpable nodes in one or both inguinal basins. Patients with persistent or untreated local disease were excluded from the study. INTERVENTION: All eligible patients had DSNB and USS with or without FNAC of cN0 groins. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: The primary end point was no nodal disease recurrence on follow-up. The secondary end point was complications after DSNB. Sensitivity of the procedure was calculated per node basin, per patient, with DSNB alone, and with USS with DSNB combined. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: Five hundred inguinal basins in 264 patients underwent USS with or without FNAC and DSNB. Seventy-three positive inguinal basins (14.6%) in 59 patients (22.3%) were identified. Four inguinal basins in four patients were confirmed false negative at 5, 8, 12, and 18 mo. Two inguinal basins had positive USS and FNAC and negative DSNB results. Sensitivity  of DSNB with USS, with and without FNAC, per inguinal basin was 95% and per patient was 94%. Sensitivity of DSNB alone per inguinal basin and per patient was 92% and 91%, respectively. The DSNB morbidity rate was 7.6%. CONCLUSIONS: DSNB in combination with USS has excellent performance characteristics to stage patients  with cN0 SCCp, with a 5% false-negative rate per node basin and a 6% false-negative rate per patient.

 

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[180]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - A first in human phase 1 study of CG0070, a GM-CSF expressing oncolytic adenovirus, for the treatment of nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Urol. 2012 Dec;188(6):2391-7. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.07.097. Epub 2012 Oct 22.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.juro.2012.07.097

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Burke JM; Lamm DL; Meng MV; Nemunaitis JJ; Stephenson JJ; Arseneau JC; Aimi J; Lerner S; Yeung AW; Kazarian T; Maslyar DJ; McKiernan JM

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Billings Clinic, Billings, Montana 59106, USA. Jburke@billingsclinic.org

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: We assessed the safety, pharmacokinetics and anticancer activity of intravesical CG0070, a cancer selective, replication competent adenovirus, for the treatment of nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 35 patients received single or multiple (every 28 days x 3 or weekly x 6) intravesical infusions of CG0070 at 1 of 4 dose levels (1 x 10(12), 3 x 10(12), 1 x 10(13) or 3 x 10(13) viral particles). Response to treatment was based on cystoscopic assessment and biopsy or urine cytology. Urine and plasma CG0070, and granulocyte-monocyte colony-stimulating factor were measured in all patients. A subset of 18 patients was assessed for retinoblastoma phosphorylation status. RESULTS: Grade 1-2 bladder toxicities were the most common adverse events observed. A maximum tolerated dose was not reached. High levels of granulocyte-monocyte colony-stimulating factor were detected in urine after administration in all patients. Virus replication was suggested based on an increase in urine CG0070 genomes between days 2 and 5 in 58.3% of tested patients (7 of 12). The complete response rate and median duration of the complete response across cohorts was 48.6% and 10.4 months, respectively. In the multidose cohorts the complete response rate for the combined groups (every 28 days and weekly x 6) was 63.6% (14 of 22 patients). In an exploratory, retrospective assessment patients with borderline or high retinoblastoma phosphorylation who received the multidose schedules had an 81.8% complete response rate (9 of 11). CONCLUSIONS: Intravesical CG0070 was associated with a tolerable safety profile and antibladder cancer activity. Granulocyte-monocyte colony-stimulating factor transgene expression and CG0070 replication were also suggested.

 

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[181]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - 25-Year disease-free survival rate after irradiation for prostate cancer calculated with the prostate specific antigen definition of recurrence used for radical prostatectomy.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Urol. 2013 Mar;189(3):878-83. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.10.061. Epub 2012 Oct 24.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.juro.2012.10.061

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Critz FA; Benton JB; Shrake P; Merlin ML

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Radiotherapy Clinics of Georgia, an Affiliate of Vantage Oncology, Atlanta, Georgia 30033, USA. cindy.king@vantageoncology.com

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: We addressed whether there is durable control of prostate cancer, defined as a prostate specific antigen cutoff of less than 0.2 ng/ml, greater than 20 years after irradiation for this disease. We also evaluated late recurrence, defined as recurrence after 10-year followup. MATERIALS AND METHODS:  A total of 3,546 consecutive hormone naive men were treated with a (125)I prostate implant (retropubic and later transperineal), followed by external beam  irradiation, from 1984 to 2000. Recurrence was defined as a prostate specific antigen increase of greater than 0.20 ng/ml or a prostate specific antigen nadir  of greater than 0.20 ng/ml. Median followup was 11 years (range 3 months to 26 years). RESULTS: In all men 10, 15, 20 and 25-year disease-free survival rates were 75%, 73%, 73% and 73%, respectively. Longest time to recurrence was at the 15.5-year followup. In 313 men with recurrence who were treated 16 to 25 years ago 5% of recurrences were late. In men implanted by the transperineal method since 1995 the 15-year disease-free survival rate was 79%. CONCLUSIONS: With this irradiation program cancer control, defined using the recurrence definition for radical prostatectomy, was durable with no further recurrence between 15.5 and 25 years of followup. This study also suggests that at least 15 years of followup are necessary to fully evaluate any prostate cancer treatment. Furthermore, if prostate specific antigen is less than 0.20 ng/ml 15 years after treatment, later recurrence should be unlikely.

 

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[182]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Herpes simplex virus vector mediated gene therapy of tumor necrosis factor-alpha  blockade for bladder overactivity and nociception in rats.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Urol. 2013 Jan;189(1):366-73. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.08.192. Epub 2012 Nov 19.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.juro.2012.08.192

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Funahashi Y; Oguchi T; Goins WF; Gotoh M; Tyagi P; Goss JR; Glorioso JC; Yoshimura N

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: We examined the effects of tumor necrosis factor-alpha blockade on bladder overactivity and nociception using replication defective HSV vectors expressing tumor necrosis factor-alpha soluble receptor. MATERIALS AND METHODS: HSV vectors expressing tumor necrosis factor-alpha soluble receptor or beta-galactosidase/green fluorescent protein as the control were injected into the bladder wall of female Sprague-Dawley® rats. Green fluorescent protein was  observed with fluorescent microscopy in the bladder and L6 dorsal root ganglia. mRNA and protein expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin-1beta and 6 as well as myeloperoxidase activity in the bladder were determined by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay 4 hours after intravesical resiniferatoxin administration. c-Fos positive neurons were counted in the L6 spinal dorsal horn. Cystometry and  behavioral analyses were also performed. RESULTS: Green fluorescent protein expression was confirmed in the bladder and L6 dorsal root ganglia. Resiniferatoxin administration significantly increased tumor necrosis factor-alpha mRNA and protein levels in the bladder in controls. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha mRNA was also increased in the tumor necrosis factor-alpha soluble receptor group, although tumor necrosis factor-alpha protein up-regulation was suppressed. The up-regulation of interleukin-1beta and 6 mRNA and protein levels, and the myeloperoxidase activity seen in controls were suppressed in the tumor necrosis factor-alpha soluble receptor group. c-Fos positive cells in the L6 spinal dorsal horn were less prominent in the tumor necrosis factor-alpha soluble receptor group than in controls. On cystometry the significant decrease in intercontraction intervals after resiniferatoxin infusion detected in controls was not seen in the tumor necrosis factor-alpha soluble receptor group. On behavioral analyses freezing behavior was significantly decreased in the tumor necrosis factor-alpha soluble receptor group without affecting licking behavior.  CONCLUSIONS: HSV vector mediated tumor necrosis factor-alpha blockade gene therapy in the bladder and bladder afferent pathways decreases the bladder pain and overactivity induced by nociceptive bladder stimuli.

 

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[183]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Distinguishing urothelial carcinoma in the upper urinary tract from benign diseases with hematuria using FISH.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Acta Cytol. 2012;56(5):533-8. doi: 10.1159/000341622. Epub 2012 Sep 27.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1159/000341622

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Wang J; Wu J; Peng L; Tu P; Li W; Liu L; Cheng W; Wang X; Zhou S; Shi S; Ma H; Lu G; Zhou X

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Pathology, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, PR China.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - OBJECTIVE: The aims of this study were to evaluate the clinical utility of a fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assay as a non-invasive molecular test  to distinguish urothelial carcinoma (UC) in the upper urinary tract (UUT) from benign lesions presenting with hematuria. STUDY DESIGN: The chromosomal abnormalities of chromosomes 3, 7, 17 and 9 (p16) in hematuria specimens from 34  patients with UUT-UC and 33 patients with benign disorders were detected using a  set of fluorescently labeled DNA probes. The abnormalities of the chromosomes were determined and analyzed between UUT-UC and benign disorders. RESULTS: Chromosomal abnormalities were detected in 25 of 34 (73.5%) patients with UUT-UC  and in 2 of 33 (6.1%) patients with benign disorders (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: FISH of chromosomes 3, 7, 9 and 17 performed on exfoliated cells from voided urine specimens may serve as a non-invasive tool to distinguish UUT-UC from benign disorders presenting with hematuria.

 

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[184]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Oncogenic FGFR3 gene fusions in bladder cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Hum Mol Genet. 2013 Feb 15;22(4):795-803. doi: 10.1093/hmg/dds486. Epub 2012 Nov  21.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1093/hmg/dds486

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Williams SV; Hurst CD; Knowles MA

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Section of Experimental Oncology, Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, St James’s University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - FGF receptor 3 (FGFR3) is activated by mutation or over-expression in many bladder cancers. Here, we identify an additional mechanism of activation via chromosomal re-arrangement to generate constitutively activated fusion genes. FGFR3-transforming acid coiled coil 3 (TACC3) fusions resulting from 4p16.3 re-arrangements and a t(4;7) that generates a FGFR3-BAI1-associated protein 2-like 1 (BAIAP2L1) fusion were identified in 4 of 43 bladder tumour cell lines and 2 of 32 selected tissue samples including the tumour from which one of the cell lines was derived. These are highly activated and transform NIH-3T3 cells. The FGFR3 component is identical in all cases and lacks the final exon that includes the phospholipase C gamma 1 (PLCgamma1) binding site. Expression of the  fusions in immortalized normal human urothelial cells (NHUC) induced activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway but not PLCgamma1. A protein with loss of the terminal region alone was not as highly activated as the fusion proteins, indicating that the fusion partners are essential. The TACC3 fusions retain the TACC domain that mediates microtubule binding and the BAIAP2L1 fusion  retains the IRSp53/MIM domain (IMD) that mediates actin binding and Rac interaction. As urothelial cell lines with FGFR3 fusions are extremely sensitive  to FGFR-selective agents, the presence of a fusion gene may aid in selection of patients for FGFR-targeted therapy.

 

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[185]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - The Multi-Leu peptide inhibitor discriminates between PACE4 and furin and exhibits antiproliferative effects on prostate cancer cells.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Med Chem. 2012 Dec 13;55(23):10501-11. doi: 10.1021/jm3011178. Epub 2012 Nov 14.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1021/jm3011178

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Levesque C; Fugere M; Kwiatkowska A; Couture F; Desjardins R; Routhier S; Moussette P; Prahl A; Lammek B; Appel JR; Houghten RA; D’Anjou F; Dory YL; Neugebauer W; Day R

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Departement de Chirurgie/Urologie, Faculte de Medecine et des Sciences de la Sante, Universite de Sherbrooke, 3001 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4, Canada.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - The proprotein convertases (PCs) play an important role in protein precursor activation through processing at paired basic residues. However, significant substrate cleavage redundancy has been reported between PCs. The question remains whether specific PC inhibitors can be designed. This study describes the identification of the sequence LLLLRVKR, named Multi-Leu (ML)-peptide, that displayed a 20-fold selectivity on PACE4 over furin, two enzymes with similar structural characteristics. We have previously demonstrated that PACE4 plays an important role in prostate cancer and could be a druggable target. The present study demonstrates that the ML-peptide significantly reduced the proliferation of DU145 and LNCaP prostate cancer-derived cell lines and induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest. However, the ML-peptide must enter the cell to inhibit proliferation. It  is concluded that peptide-based inhibitors can yield specific PC inhibitors and that the ML-peptide is an important lead compound that could potentially have applications in prostate cancer.

 

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[186]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Neoadjuvant targeted therapy in a primary metastasized renal cell cancer patient  leads to down-staging of inferior vena cava thrombus (IVC) enabling a cardiopulmonary bypass-free tumor nephrectomy: a case report.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - World J Urol. 2012 Sep 30.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s00345-012-0955-5

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Peters I; Winkler M; Juttner B; Teebken OE; Herrmann TR; von Klot C; Kramer M; Reichelt A; Abbas M; Kuczyk MA; Merseburger AS

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology and Uro-Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: We report on a 62-year-old gentleman presenting at our urological department with an advanced renal cell cancer of the right kidney (10 cm in diameter), with an extensive caval vein thrombus (level IV) and bilateral pulmonary metastases. Another suspicious lesion at the left hemithorax was radiologically described. METHOD: A presurgical, neoadjuvant systemic therapy with sunitinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, was initiated for 4 cycles in total  (50 mg/day; 4 weeks on/2 weeks off). The cytoreductive nephrectomy was performed  following the fourth cycle of sunitinib and after a 14-day break. Transesophageal echocardiography was used for intraoperative monitoring of the caval vein thrombus. Systemic treatment with sunitinib was continued 4 weeks after surgery.  RESULTS: A significant reduction in tumor size, metastatic sites and down-staging of IVC from level IV to level III according to Novick classification was achieved. CONCLUSION: Significant down-staging of the tumor caval vein thrombus which initially reached the right atrium enabled us to perform surgery limited to the abdominal cavity without extracorporeal circulation nor hypothermia.

 

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[187]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Time-dependent biological differences in molecular markers of high-grade urothelial cancer over 7 decades (ras proteins, pTEN, uPAR, PAI-1 and MMP-9).

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Virchows Arch. 2012 Nov;461(5):541-51. doi: 10.1007/s00428-012-1323-y. Epub 2012  Oct 6.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s00428-012-1323-y

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Litlekalsoy J; Hostmark JG; Costea DE; Illemann M; Laerum OD

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - The Gade Institute, Section for Pathology, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway. Jorunn.Litlekalsoy@gades.uib.no

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - The aim of this study was to evaluate changes and correlations between various molecular markers related to growth regulation and invasiveness in urothelial carcinomas in samples collected from 1932 to 2004. Paraffin-embedded autopsy/biopsy tissues from 144 patients were stained with antibodies against H-K-N ras proteins, pTEN protein, urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and matrix metalloproteinase-9  (MMP-9) and analyzed by in situ hybridization. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS using cross tabulation and logistic regression. While the presence of K-ras, N-ras, PAI-1, and loss of pTEN increased over the last few decades, uPAR expression decreased during the same period. The increase in K-ras expression associated positively with the increase in expression of the other two ras proteins, H-ras and N-ras, and the loss of pTEN. A strong positive correlation was also observed between PAI-1 and uPAR, PAI-1 and previously detected markers,  EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) and p53. Presence of uPAR was found to be positively associated with p16 expression. Multivariate analysis with clinical parameters revealed a positive correlation between PAI-1 expression and tumour grade, CkHMW (high molecular weight cytokeratin) and tumour grade, CkHMW and metastasis, EGFR and metastasis. mRNA could be detected in samples from the last  50 years while older samples were negative, indicating its complete degradation during longer storage. In conclusion, increased accumulation of K-ras, N-ras, and PAI-1 together with loss of pTEN in bladder carcinomas of grades II and III seems to be more dominant in recent times, suggesting an altered malignant potential in these neoplasms.

 

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[188]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Inhibition of leydig tumor growth by farnesoid X receptor activation: The in vitro and in vivo basis for a novel therapeutic strategy.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Int J Cancer. 2013 May 15;132(10):2237-47. doi: 10.1002/ijc.27915. Epub 2012 Nov  7.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1002/ijc.27915

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Catalano S; Panza S; Malivindi R; Giordano C; Barone I; Bossi G; Lanzino M; Sirianni R; Mauro L; Sisci D; Bonofiglio D; Ando S

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Pharmaco-Biology, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy. stefcatalano@libero.it.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Leydig cell tumors (LCTs) are the most common tumors of the gonadal stroma and represent about 3% of all testicular neoplasms. In most cases, LCTs are benign; however, if the tumor is malignant, no effective treatments are currently available. We have recently reported that farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is expressed in R2C Leydig tumor cells, and it reduces the estrogen-dependent cell proliferation by negatively regulating aromatase expression. Here, we demonstrated that treatment with GW4064, a specific FXR agonist, markedly reduced Leydig tumor growth in vivo by inhibiting proliferation and inducing apoptosis. Indeed, the tumors from GW4064-treated mice exhibited a decrease in the expression of the proliferation marker Ki-67 and aromatase along with an increase in the apoptotic nuclei. FXR activation induced an enhanced poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage, a marked DNA fragmentation and a strong increase in TUNEL-positive R2C cells also in vitro. Moreover, in both in vivo and in vitro models, FXR ligands upregulated mRNA and protein levels of p53 and of its downstream effector p21 . Functional experiments showed that FXR ligands upregulated p53 promoter activity and this occurred through an increased binding  of FXR/nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB) complex to the NF-kB site located within p53 promoter region as revealed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis. Taken together, results from our study show, for the first time, that treatment with FXR ligands induces Leydig tumor regression in vivo, suggesting that activation of FXR may represent a promising therapeutic  strategy for LCTs.

 

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[189]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Re: Kidney size and cancer-specific survival for patients undergoing nephrectomy  for pT1 clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Urol. 2012 Nov;188(5):1721-2. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.07.118. Epub 2012 Sep 19.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.juro.2012.07.118

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Taneja SS

 

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[190]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Free prostate-specific antigen is a better tool than total prostate-specific antigen at predicting prostate volume in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Urology. 2012 Nov;80(5):1088-92. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2012.08.004.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.urology.2012.08.004

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Kayikci A; Cam K; Kacagan C; Tekin A; Ankarali H

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Duzce University School of Medicine, Duzce, Turkey.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationships among age, total prostate-specific antigen level (PSA), free PSA level, and prostate volume. METHODS: A total of 656 patients complaining of lower urinary tract symptoms who attended our urology outpatient department were enrolled. The standard assessment for lower urinary tract symptoms was applied, including serum total and free PSA determinations and transabdominal prostate volume measurement. Patients with a history of transurethral surgery, prostate cancer, and conditions other than benign prostatic hyperplasia that could affect the PSA levels were excluded. A linear regression model was used to estimate the prostate volume. Receiver operating characteristic curves were constructed to evaluate the ability of serum PSA and free PSA to estimate threshold prostate volumes and to select the optimal serum PSA and free PSA cutoff values. RESULTS: The linear regression model included age (P < .000), total PSA (P < .006), and free PSA (P < .000) as independent predictors of prostate volume. Consequently, an easy to use equation was developed to estimate the prostate volume. Free PSA performed better than total PSA at predicting the prostate volume. An area under the curve of 0.668 +/- 0.022 at predicting prostate volume >40 cm(3) with total PSA increased to 0.721 +/- 0.021 with free PSA. Moreover, free PSA with a cutpoint of 0.495 ng/mL correctly  estimated a prostate volume of >40 and <40 cm(3) in 71% and 66% of the cases, respectively. CONCLUSION: The prostate volume can be estimated using easily obtained serum PSA levels, and free PSA had a better performance.

 

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[191]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound fusion biopsy detect prostate cancer in patients with prior negative transrectal ultrasound biopsies.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Urol. 2012 Dec;188(6):2152-7. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.08.025. Epub 2012 Oct 18.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.juro.2012.08.025

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Vourganti S; Rastinehad A; Yerram NK; Nix J; Volkin D; Hoang A; Turkbey B; Gupta GN; Kruecker J; Linehan WM; Choyke PL; Wood BJ; Pinto PA

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Urologic Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland20892-1210 , USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: Patients with negative transrectal ultrasound biopsies and a persistent  clinical suspicion are at risk for occult but significant prostate cancer. The ability of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging/ultrasound fusion biopsy to detect these occult prostate lesions may make it an effective tool in this challenging scenario. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between March 2007 and November 2011 all men underwent prostate 3 T endorectal coil magnetic resonance imaging. All concerning lesions were targeted with magnetic resonance imaging/ultrasound fusion biopsy. In addition, all patients underwent standard 12-core transrectal ultrasound biopsy. Men with 1 or more negative systematic prostate biopsies were  included in our cohort. RESULTS: Of the 195 men with previous negative biopsies,  73 (37%) were found to have cancer using the magnetic resonance imaging/ultrasound fusion biopsy combined with 12-core transrectal ultrasound biopsy. High grade cancer (Gleason score 8+) was discovered in 21 men (11%), all  of whom had disease detected with magnetic resonance imaging/ultrasound fusion biopsy. However, standard transrectal ultrasound biopsy missed 12 of these high grade cancers (55%). Pathological upgrading occurred in 28 men (38.9%) as a result of magnetic resonance imaging/ultrasound fusion targeting vs standard transrectal ultrasound biopsy. The diagnostic yield of combined magnetic resonance imaging/ultrasound fusion platform was unrelated to the number of previous negative biopsies and persisted despite increasing the number of previous biopsy sessions. On multivariate analysis only prostate specific antigen density and magnetic resonance imaging suspicion level remained significant predictors of cancer. CONCLUSIONS: Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging with a magnetic resonance imaging/ultrasound fusion biopsy platform is a novel diagnostic tool for detecting prostate cancer and may be ideally suited for patients with negative transrectal ultrasound biopsies in the face of a persistent clinical suspicion for cancer.

 

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[192]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Urinary Functional Outcome Following Radical Cystoprostatectomy and Ileal Neobladder Reconstruction in Male Patients.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Urol. 2012 Nov 15. pii: S0022-5347(12)05572-3. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.11.078.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.juro.2012.11.078

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Ahmadi H; Skinner EC; Simma-Chiang V; Miranda G; Cai J; Penson DF; Daneshmand S

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Institute of Urology, USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: Orthotopic neobladder reconstruction is the preferred method of urinary  diversion after radical cystoprostatectomy. We evaluated urinary functional outcomes in male patients after orthotopic neobladder using a patient questionnaire. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between 2002 and 2009 patients with bladder cancer were enrolled in a clinical trial, randomly assigned to undergo T pouch or Studer pouch diversion after radical cystoprostatectomy. Male patients were mailed a questionnaire 12 or more months after surgery including items on urinary function, intermittent catheterization, number/size/wetness of pads and mucus leakage. RESULTS: The questionnaire response rate was 68%. Mean followup was 4.5  years (range 1 to 8). Only 22.3% of patients did not use pads. In the daytime 47% of patients used at least 1 pad, 32.2% used small/mini pads and 22.6% used diapers. At night 72% used pads, 14.7% used small/mini pads and 38.9% used diapers. During the day and night 47% said their pads were dry/barely wet. Overall 62.5% of patients reported mucus leakage. Only 9.5% of patients performed clean intermittent self-catheterization, of whom 70.6% started clean intermittent self-catheterization within the first year after surgery. Increasing age and diabetes mellitus were predictors of urinary function (p = 0.005 and 0.03, respectively) but did not affect pad use. CONCLUSIONS: Ileal orthotopic neobladder offers good functional results but most patients wear at least 1 pad and many require diapers at night. Increasing age and diabetes mellitus predict worse urinary function but are not associated with pad use. Emptying failure is uncommon and occurs early in the postoperative period. Pad size/wetness and mucus leakage should be considered when evaluating urinary incontinence.

 

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[193]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Rectal and urinary dysfunction in the TROG 03.04 RADAR trial for locally advanced prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Radiother Oncol. 2012 Nov;105(2):184-92. doi: 10.1016/j.radonc.2012.09.018. Epub  2012 Nov 3.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.radonc.2012.09.018

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Denham JW; Wilcox C; Lamb DS; Spry NA; Duchesne G; Atkinson C; Matthews J; Turner S; Kenny L; Tai KH; Gogna NK; Ebert M; Delahunt B; McElduff P; Joseph D

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - University of Newcastle, Australia. Jim.Denham@newcastle.edu.au

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: The RADAR trial determines whether adjuvant androgen suppression, bisphosphonates and radiation dose escalation for localised prostate cancer (PC)  may improve oncologic outcomes. This study examines whether these measures increase rectal and urinary dysfunction and are secondary trial endpoints. METHODS: Using a 2x2 factorial trial design men with locally advanced PC were randomly allocated 6 months i.m. leuprorelin prior to radiotherapy either alone or followed by 12 months i.m. leuprorelin. These two groups received 18 months i.v. zoledronic acid (Z) commencing at randomisation or no further treatment. Radiotherapy dose was escalated in a regulated way using external beam techniques (EBRT) or by a high dose rate brachytherapy (HDRB) boost. Prevalence rates of rectal and urinary dysfunctional symptoms were compared at baseline, the end of RT, 18 and 36 months according to treatment arm, dose and technique using multiple regression models. RESULTS: Between 2003 and 2007, 1071 men were randomly allocated and eligible for inclusion in this study. No persistent differences in rectal or urinary dysfunction were attributable to treatment arm or to increasing EBRT dose. However following HDRB statistical increases (p<0.001) in urinary dysfunction were measured using the EORTC PR25 instrument at 18 and 36 months. CONCLUSION: Adjuvant androgen suppression, bisphosphonates and  increasing EBRT dose did not increase rectal or urinary dysfunction in this trial. However dose escalation using HDRB increased urinary dysfunction.

 

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[194]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Association of type 2 diabetes susceptibility variants with advanced prostate cancer risk in the Breast and Prostate Cancer Cohort Consortium.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Am J Epidemiol. 2012 Dec 15;176(12):1121-9. doi: 10.1093/aje/kws191. Epub 2012 Nov 28.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1093/aje/kws191

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Machiela MJ; Lindstrom S; Allen NE; Haiman CA; Albanes D; Barricarte A; Berndt SI; Bueno-de-Mesquita HB; Chanock S; Gaziano JM; Gapstur SM; Giovannucci E; Henderson BE; Jacobs EJ; Kolonel LN; Krogh V; Ma J; Stampfer MJ; Stevens VL; Stram DO; Tjonneland A; Travis R; Willett WC; Hunter DJ; Le Marchand L; Kraft P

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Program in Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Observational studies have found an inverse association between type 2 diabetes (T2D) and prostate cancer (PCa), and genome-wide association studies have found common variants near 3 loci associated with both diseases. The authors examined whether a genetic background that favors T2D is associated with risk of advanced  PCa. Data from the National Cancer Institute’s Breast and Prostate Cancer Cohort  Consortium, a genome-wide association study of 2,782 advanced PCa cases and 4,458 controls, were used to evaluate whether individual single nucleotide polymorphisms or aggregations of these 36 T2D susceptibility loci are associated  with PCa. Ten T2D markers near 9 loci (NOTCH2, ADCY5, JAZF1, CDKN2A/B, TCF7L2, KCNQ1, MTNR1B, FTO, and HNF1B) were nominally associated with PCa (P < 0.05); the association for single nucleotide polymorphism rs757210 at the HNF1B locus was significant when multiple comparisons were accounted for (adjusted P = 0.001). Genetic risk scores weighted by the T2D log odds ratio and multilocus kernel tests also indicated a significant relation between T2D variants and PCa risk. A  mediation analysis of 9,065 PCa cases and 9,526 controls failed to produce evidence that diabetes mediates the association of the HNF1B locus with PCa risk. These data suggest a shared genetic component between T2D and PCa and add to the  evidence for an interrelation between these diseases.

 

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[195]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Pathological concordance and surgical outcomes of sporadic synchronous unilateral multifocal renal masses treated with partial nephrectomy.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Urol. 2013 Jan;189(1):43-7. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.08.092. Epub 2012 Nov 16.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.juro.2012.08.092

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Simhan J; Canter DJ; Sterious SN; Smaldone MC; Tsai KJ; Li T; Viterbo R; Chen DY; Greenberg RE; Kutikov A; Uzzo RG

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Division of Urologic Oncology, Department of Surgical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer  Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19111, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: Patients with unilateral synchronous multifocal renal masses represent a unique population with renal cell carcinoma. While pathological concordance rates have been studied for bilateral cases, limited data exist on unilateral multifocal disease. We characterized pathological concordance rates in this population and evaluated the outcomes of nephron preservation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients who underwent surgery from 2000 to 2012 for unilateral synchronous multifocal renal masses were identified from a prospectively maintained database. Demographic, surgical and pathological outcomes of this cohort were analyzed. Malignant concordance rates were defined as agreement of all malignant tumor types in a single renal unit. Histological concordance was defined as agreement of all resected mass histologies, eg all clear cell carcinomas. Nuclear grade was considered concordant if all tumors excised were low (Fuhrman 1 or 2, type 1) or high (Fuhrman 3 or 4, type 2) grade. RESULTS: Using our institutional database of 2,569 patients with renal tumors we identified 97 with unilateral synchronous multifocal renal masses. Malignant and  benign concordance rates were 77.2% and 48.6%, and histological and grade concordance rates were 58.8% and 51.5%, respectively. In this cohort we identified 76 patients (76.3% male) with a median age of 62.5 years who had a total of 241 unilateral synchronous multifocal renal masses and underwent nephron sparing surgery. Median mass size was 2.0 cm (IQR 1.1-3.1), there was a median of 3 tumors per patient and median followup was 24 months (IQR 13-40). Identified renal cell carcinoma histologies included clear cell in 49.4% of cases, papillary in 33.5%, mixed in 4.5% and chromophobe in 2.8%. CONCLUSIONS: In what is to our knowledge the largest published report of unilateral synchronous multifocal renal masses we document low pathological concordance rates. As such, percutaneous biopsy of a single renal mass in these patients may not help inform treatment decisions. Nephron sparing surgery may be performed with acceptable oncological and functional results in patients with unilateral synchronous multifocal renal masses.

 

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[196]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Testicular cancer in Europe and the USA: survival still rising among older patients.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Ann Oncol. 2013 Feb;24(2):508-13. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mds460. Epub 2012 Oct 30.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1093/annonc/mds460

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Verhoeven RH; Gondos A; Janssen-Heijnen ML; Saum KU; Brewster DH; Holleczek B; Crocetti E; Rosso S; Hakulinen T; Aareleid T; Brenner H

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Eindhoven Cancer Registry / Comprehensive Cancer Centre South, Eindhoven, The Netherlands. research@ikz.nl

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Despite high curability, some testicular cancer (TC) patient groups may have increased mortality. We provide a detailed age- and histology-specific comparison of population-based relative survival of TC patients in Europe and the USA. Design Using data from 12 European cancer registries and the USA Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results 9 database, we report survival trends  for patients diagnosed with testicular seminomas and nonseminomas between 1993-1997 and 2003-2007. Additionally, a model-based analysis was used to compare survival trends and relative excess risk (RER) of death between Europe and the USA adjusting for differences in age and histology. RESULTS: In 2003-2007, the 5-year relative survival of patients with testicular seminoma was at least 98% among those aged <50 years, survival of patients with nonseminoma remained 3%-6%  units lower. Despite improvements in the relative survival of nonseminoma patients aged >/= 50 years by 13%-18% units, survival remained markedly lower than the survival of seminoma patients of the same age. Model-based analyses showed increased RERs for nonseminomas, older, and European patients. Conclusions: There remains little room for survival improvement among testicular  seminoma patients, especially for those aged <50 years. Older TC patients remain  at increased risk of death, which seems mainly attributable to the lower survival among the nonseminoma patients.

 

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[197]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Prognostic significance of circulating tumor cell count in patients with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Urology. 2012 Dec;80(6):1328-32. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2012.09.001. Epub 2012 Oct 10.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.urology.2012.09.001

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Resel Folkersma L; San Jose Manso L; Galante Romo I; Moreno Sierra J; Olivier Gomez C

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Madrid, España. lresel@gmail.com

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - OBJECTIVE: To analyze the correlation between circulating tumor cell (CTC) levels and clinicopathologic parameters (prostate-specific antigen level, Gleason score, and TNM stage) in patients with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (PCa) and to establish its prognostic value in overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective, 3-arm study was performed that included 30 patients with localized PCa; 30 patients with metastatic PCa, and 30 healthy volunteers. A single 7.5-mL peripheral blood  sample was taken. The CTCs were isolated using an immunomagnetic method based on  the CellSearch system. Kendall’s tau and Spearman’s rho coefficients of correlation were used. The multivariate Cox regression model addressed OS and PFS. RESULTS: The median follow-up was 42.9 months (interquartile range 27.14-49.5). A significant positive correlation was demonstrated between the CTC  level and all tumor burden markers (prostate-specific antigen and T, N, and M stage; P <.001), except for Gleason score (tau = 0.16). A cutoff of >/= 4 CTCs/7.5 mL was chosen to distinguish patients with a poor prognosis. These patients had a significantly shorter median OS and PFS (24 vs 45 months and 7 vs  44 months, respectively; P <.001). As the CTC level increased, the OS and PFS decreased. The risk of mortality and progression for the patients with >/= 4 CTCs was 4.1 (P = .029) and 8.5 (P <.001) times greater. Multivariate analyses indicated that a CTC of >/=4 was an independent prognostic factor for PFS (hazard ratio 5.9, P <.005). CONCLUSION: The CTC count in peripheral blood could provide  a method of staging PCa correctly and be of value when assessing the prognosis of metastatic hormone-sensitive PCa.

 

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[198]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Temporal patterns of selected late toxicities in patients treated with brachytherapy or brachytherapy plus external beam radiation for prostate adenocarcinoma.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - BJU Int. 2013 Mar;111(3 Pt B):E43-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11436.x. Epub  2012 Oct 9.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11436.x

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Buckstein M; Kerns S; Forysthe K; Stone NN; Stock RG

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Departments of Radiation Oncology Urology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - What’s known on the subject? and What does the study add? While the frequencies and severity of late toxicities following prostate brachytherapy are well known,  less has been published with regard to time to first onset. Several series with limited median follow-up have published time to onset. An extensive analysis of timing to late toxicity following brachytherapy for cervical cancer has also been published. This study is the largest of its kind with the longest median follow-up to capture very late events. It can provide a basis for physician and patient education about when late toxicities can reasonably be expected to occur. The study also shows that a significant amount of erectile dysfunction might be more age related than radiation induced. OBJECTIVES: * To assess the timing of first onset of late rectal bleeding, late haematuria and erectile dysfunction (ED) following brachytherapy with or without external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) for prostate adenocarcinoma. * To identify treatment factors and patient characteristics that affect the time to first onset. PATIENTS AND METHODS: * In all, 2046 patients were definitively treated for prostate adenocarcinoma with a full I or Pd implant or a partial Pd implant followed by EBRT with 6 years median follow-up (range 2-17 years). * Patients were selected for an event of Radiation  Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) grade 2 or greater rectal bleeding, >/=RTOG grade 2 haematuria, or a drop in the Mount Sinai Erectile Dysfunction Score from potent to impotent (excluding patients who received androgen deprivation therapy). * Life tables were generated to calculate actuarial incidence rates of toxicity. *  Wilcoxon rank sum and Cox regression were utilized to identify treatment factors  affecting time to onset. RESULTS: * The incidence rate per 1000 patients for 0-2  years, 2-5 years and 5-10 years following radiation for rectal bleeding is 14.3,  15.9 and 6.5, respectively; for haematuria, 14.0, 8.2 and 1.3, respectively; and  for ED, 82.4, 48.2 and 42.2, respectively. * Just 5% of rectal bleeding occurs after 5 years from radiation vs 18% of haematuria cases and 22% of ED. * On multivariate analysis, time to first onset of rectal bleeding was affected by the addition of EBRT only whereas the time to onset of haematuria was affected by the biological effective dose of the radiation and the addition of EBRT. * The only factor on multivariate analysis to affect time to onset of ED was the age of the  patient at treatment, independent of radiation dose or technique. CONCLUSIONS: *  Unique temporality to first onset of selected toxicities was observed in patients after radioactive implant for prostate adenocarcinoma with or without EBRT. * Clinicians and patients should be counselled when to expect late toxicities. * The only factor to affect time to onset of ED is the age of the patient, suggesting possible over-reporting of radiation-induced ED in the light of normal age-related events.

 

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[199]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Site-specific S-nitrosylation of integrin alpha6 increases the extent of prostate cancer cell migration by enhancing integrin beta1 association and weakening adherence to laminin-1.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Biochemistry. 2012 Dec 4;51(48):9689-97. doi: 10.1021/bi3012324. Epub 2012 Nov 16.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1021/bi3012324

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Isaac J; Tarapore P; Zhang X; Lam YW; Ho SM

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Cancer and Cell Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - The increased mortality in prostate cancer is usually the result of metastatic progression of the disease from the organ-confined location. Among the major events in this progression cascade are enhanced cell migration and loss of adhesion. Moreover, elevated levels of nitric oxide (NO) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) found within the tumor microenvironment are hallmarks of progression of this cancer. To understand the role of nitrosative stress in prostate cancer progression, we investigated the effects of NO and iNOS on prostate cancer cell migration and adhesion. Our results indicate that ectopic expression of iNOS in prostate cancer cells increased the extent of cell migration, which could be blocked by selective ITGalpha6 blocking antibody or iNOS inhibitors. Furthermore, iNOS was found to cause S-nitrosylation of ITGalpha6 at Cys86 in prostate cancer cells. By comparing the activities of wild-type ITGalpha6 and a Cys86 mutant, we showed that treatment of prostate cancer cells with NO increased the level of ITGalpha6 heterodimerization with ITGbeta1 but not with ITGbeta4. Finally, S-nitrosylation of ITGalpha6 weakened its binding to laminin-beta1 and weakened the adhesion of prostate cancer cells to laminin-1. In conclusion, S-nitrosylation of ITGalpha6 increased the extent of prostate cancer cell migration, which could be a potential mechanism of NO- and iNOS-induced enhancement of prostate cancer metastasis.

 

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[200]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Strength training induces muscle hypertrophy and functional gains in black prostate cancer patients despite androgen deprivation therapy.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2013 Apr;68(4):490-8. doi: 10.1093/gerona/gls206.  Epub 2012 Oct 22.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1093/gerona/gls206

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Hanson ED; Sheaff AK; Sood S; Ma L; Francis JD; Goldberg AP; Hurley BF

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742. benhur@umd.edu.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for prostate cancer (PCa) is associated with weakness, fatigue, sarcopenia, and reduced quality of life (QoL). Black men have a higher incidence and mortality from PCa than Caucasians. We hypothesized that despite ADT, strength training (ST) would increase muscle power and size, thereby improving body composition, physical function, fatigue levels,  and QoL in older black men with PCa. METHODS: Muscle mass, power, strength, endurance, physical function, fatigue perception, and QoL were measured in 17 black men with PCa on ADT before and after 12 weeks of ST. Within-group differences were determined using t tests and regression models. RESULTS: ST significantly increased total body muscle mass (2.7%), thigh muscle volume (6.4%), power (17%), and strength (28%). There were significant increases in functional performance (20%), muscle endurance (110%), and QoL scores (7%) and decreases in fatigue perception (38%). Improved muscle function was associated with higher functional performance (R = 0.54) and lower fatigue perception (R = 0.37), and both were associated with improved QoL (R = 0.45), whereas fatigue perception tended to be associated with muscle endurance (R = 0.37). CONCLUSIONS: ST elicits muscle hypertrophy even in the absence of testosterone and is effective in counteracting the adverse functional consequences of ADT in older black men with PCa. These improvements are associated with reduced fatigue perception, enhanced physical performance, and improved QoL. Thus, ST may be a safe and well-tolerated therapy to prevent the loss of muscle mass, strength, and power commonly observed during ADT.

 

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[201]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Transition zone prostate cancer: detection and localization with 3-T multiparametric MR imaging.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Radiology. 2013 Jan;266(1):207-17. doi: 10.1148/radiol.12120281. Epub 2012 Nov 9.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1148/radiol.12120281

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Hoeks CM; Hambrock T; Yakar D; Hulsbergen-van de Kaa CA; Feuth T; Witjes JA; Futterer JJ; Barentsz JO

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Radiology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein 10, Huispost 766, Postbus 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands. C.Hoeks@rad.umcn.nl

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: To retrospectively compare transition zone (TZ) cancer detection and localization accuracy of 3-T T2-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging with that of multiparametric (MP) MR imaging, with radical prostatectomy specimens as  the reference standard. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The informed consent requirement was waived by the institutional review board. Inclusion criteria were radical prostatectomy specimen TZ cancer larger than 0.5 cm(3) and 3-T endorectal presurgery MP MR imaging (T2-weighted imaging, diffusion-weighted [DW] imaging apparent diffusion coefficient [ADC] maps [b < 1000 sec/mm(2)], and dynamic contrast material-enhanced [DCE] MR imaging). From 197 patients with radical prostatectomy specimens, 28 patients with TZ cancer were included. Thirty-five patients without TZ cancer were randomly selected as a control group. Four radiologists randomly scored T2-weighted and DW ADC images, T2-weighted and DCE MR images, and T2-weighted, DW ADC, and DCE MR images. TZ cancer suspicion was rated on a five-point scale in six TZ regions of interest (ROIs). A score of 4-5  was considered a positive finding. A score of 4 or higher for any ROI containing  TZ cancer was considered a positive detection result at the patient level. Generalized estimating equations were used to analyze detection and localization  accuracy by using ROI-receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analyses for the latter. Gleason grade (GG) 4-5 and GG 2-3 cancers were analyzed separately. RESULTS: Detection accuracy did not differ between T2-weighted and MP MR imaging  for all TZ cancers (68% vs 66%, P = .85), GG 4-5 TZ cancers (79% vs 72%-75%, P =  .13), and GG 2-3 TZ cancers (66% vs 62%-65%, P = .47). MP MR imaging (area under  the ROC curve, 0.70-0.77) did not improve T2-weighted imaging localization accuracy (AUC = 0.72) (P > .05). CONCLUSION: Use of 3-T MP MR imaging, consisting of T2-weighted imaging, DW imaging ADC maps (b values, 50, 500, and 800 sec/mm(2)), and DCE MR imaging may not improve TZ cancer detection and localization accuracy compared with T2-weighted imaging. SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL: radiology.rsna.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1148/radiol.12120281/-/DC1.

 

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[202]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Impact of smoking on outcomes of patients with a history of recurrent nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Urol. 2012 Dec;188(6):2120-7. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.08.029. Epub 2012 Oct 18.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.juro.2012.08.029

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Rink M; Xylinas E; Babjuk M; Hansen J; Pycha A; Comploj E; Lotan Y; Sun M; Karakiewicz PI; Abdennabi J; Fajkovic H; Loidl W; Chun FK; Fisch M; Scherr DS; Shariat SF

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College-New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York 10065, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: We investigated the effects of cigarette smoking status, cumulative exposure and time from cessation on disease recurrence and progression in patients with a history of recurrent nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 390 patients with recurrent nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer were treated with transurethral resection of the bladder, of whom 159 (41%) received instillation therapy immediately postoperatively and 73 (19%) received adjuvant intravesical immunotherapy or chemotherapy. Smoking history included smoking status, number of cigarettes per day, smoking duration in years  and years since smoking cessation. Cumulative smoking exposure was categorized as light short-term--19 or fewer cigarettes per day and 19.9 years or less, moderate—all combinations except light short-term and heavy long-term, and heavy long-term--20 or greater cigarettes per day and 20 years or greater. RESULTS: A total of 91 (23%), 192 (49%) and 107 patients (28%) were never, former and current smokers, respectively. Of ever smokers 56 (19%), 156 (52%) and 87 (29%) were light short-term, moderate and heavy long-term smokers, respectively. There  was no difference in the risk of disease recurrence and progression among current, former and never smokers. On univariable analyses in ever smokers the risk of disease recurrence and progression increased with augmented smoking intensity (p </= 0.015), duration (p <0.001) and cumulative exposure (p <0.001).  On multivariable analyses cumulative smoking exposure was an independent risk factor for disease recurrence and progression (p </= 0.003). Smoking cessation greater than 10 years before treatment was independently associated with decreased disease recurrence compared to current smoking (HR 0.4, p <0.001). In addition, current smokers had worse survival than former smokers, who in turn had worse survival than never smokers (p >0.05). CONCLUSIONS: There is a dose-response relationship of smoking exposure and smoking cessation with disease recurrence and progression in ever smokers with a history of recurrent nonmuscle  invasive bladder cancer. These findings support counseling on smoking cessation benefits.

 

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[203]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Nitric oxide synthase (eNOS4a/b) gene polymorphism is associated with tumor recurrence and progression in superficial bladder cancer cases.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Urol. 2012 Dec;188(6):2398-403. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.07.096. Epub 2012 Oct  22.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.juro.2012.07.096

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Amasyali AS; Kucukgergin C; Erdem S; Sanli O; Seckin S; Nane I

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Urology Clinic, Istanbul Teaching and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey. amasyali@istanbul.edu.tr

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: We investigated the relationship between the distribution of the eNOS4a/b polymorphism and the clinical features of superficial bladder cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study included 201 healthy controls with a mean +/- SD age of 62.35 +/- 7.96 years and 123 patients with a mean age of 64.03 +/- 11.00 years diagnosed with histopathologically confirmed superficial bladder cancer. The eNOS4a/b polymorphism genotype (aa, bb or ab) was identified by polymerase chain reaction. Blood glutathione and plasma malondialdehyde levels were measured by spectrophotometry as an indicator of oxidative stress. We estimated total plasma levels of nitric oxide metabolites using a colorimetric assay kit. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in age or body mass index between patients and controls. Malondialdehyde and nitric oxide metabolite  levels were statistically significantly increased (p = 0.000 and 0.024, respectively) and glutathione levels were decreased (p = 0.000) in patients with  superficial bladder cancer. The bb genotype of the eNOS4a/b polymorphism is the most frequent one in the Turkish population and the aa genotype was significantly more common in patients with superficial bladder cancer (p = 0.000). Also, the aa plus ab genotype was significantly more common in patients with high grade tumors (p = 0.013) and in those with more progression to muscle invasive disease (p = 0.000). This genotype was also a significant independent risk factor for recurrence after adjusting for smoking status, stage, grade and the presence of carcinoma in situ on logistic regression analyses (OR 3.095, 95% CI 1.21-7.86, p  = 0.018). CONCLUSIONS: The current study suggests that a genotype containing the  a allele of the eNOS4a/b polymorphism may be a risk factor for bladder cancer. Additionally, patients harboring the aa plus ab genotype are more likely to experience tumor recurrence and progression.

 

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[204]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - siRNA-mediated inhibition of antiapoptotic genes enhances chemotherapy efficacy in bladder cancer cells.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Anticancer Res. 2012 Oct;32(10):4313-8.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Kunze D; Erdmann K; Froehner M; Wirth MP; Fuessel S

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University of Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany. Doreen.Kunze@uniklinikum-dresden.de

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: The up-regulation of antiapoptotic B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2 (BCL2), BCL2-like 1 (BCLXL), X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) and survivin is one mechanism by which cancer cells develop resistance towards chemotherapeutics. Therefore, the knockdown of these four genes could sensitise bladder cancer (BCa) cells towards chemotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: BCL2, BCLXL, XIAP and survivin were inhibited using siRNAs—either one target-alone or all four targets simultaneously—in EJ28 and J82 BCa cells. After 24 h, cells were treated with mitomycin C or cisplatin. Treatment effects were analysed regarding cell viability, cell count and apoptosis induction. RESULTS: Knockdown of BCLXL and survivin, as well as the simultaneous inhibition of all four antiapoptotic genes, sensitised EJ28 and J82 cells towards mitomycin C and cisplatin. CONCLUSION: Since the contribution of one antiapoptotic gene to chemotherapy response can vary between BCa cell lines, the simultaneous knockdown of multiple inhibitors of apoptosis might represent a more promising option for enhancing chemotherapy efficacy in BCa treatment.

 

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[205]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Principal component analysis based pre-cystectomy model to predict pathological stage in patients with clinical organ-confined bladder cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - BJU Int. 2013 Apr;111(4 Pt B):E173. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11511.x. Epub 2012 Oct 4.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11511.x

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Herrel LA; Canter DJ

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.

 

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[206]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Principal component analysis based pre-cystectomy model to predict pathological stage in patients with clinical organ-confined bladder cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - BJU Int. 2013 Apr;111(4 Pt B):E167-72. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11502.x. Epub 2012 Oct 4.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11502.x

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Ahmadi H; Mitra AP; Abdelsayed GA; Cai J; Djaladat H; Bruins HM; Daneshmand S

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - USC Institute of Urology, USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center USC Department of Pathology and Center for Personalized Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - What’s known on the subject? and What does the study add? Clinical stage is an integral part of outlining treatment strategy and counselling patients with bladder cancer. The discordance rate between clinical stage and pathological stage, however, is currently high with more than 40% of patients with presumed organ-confined disease being upstaged after surgery. It accounts for the major part of overall pathological upstaging in patients with bladder cancer and is strongly associated with poor prognosis. There is an absolute need for additional methods to improve the accuracy of pre-surgical staging to predict post-surgical  pathological stage of invasive bladder cancer for more accurate risk stratification. This study presents an internally validated pre-cystectomy principal component analysis staging model involving clinicopathological information on a large cohort of patients to predict post-surgical stage of bladder cancer. This model greatly reduces pathological upstaging to extravesical disease compared with clinical staging alone. OBJECTIVE: * To develop a model that integrates the clinical and pathological information prior to radical cystectomy to increase the accuracy of current clinical stage in prediction of pathological stage in patients with bladder cancer (BC) using a modelling approach called principal component analysis (PCA). PATIENTS AND METHODS: * In a  single-centre retrospective study, demographic and clinicopathological information of 1186 patients with clinically organ-confined (OC) BC was reviewed. * Putative predictors of post-cystectomy pathological stage were identified using a stepwise logistic regression model. * Patients were randomly divided into training data set (two-thirds of the study population, 790 patients) and test data set (one-third of the study population, 396 patients). * The PCA method was  used to develop the model in the training data set and the cut-off point (PCA score) to differentiate pathological OC disease from extravesical disease was determined. The model was then applied to the test data set without recalculation. RESULTS: * In all, 685 patients (57.7%) had pathological OC disease. Age, clinical stage, number of intravesical treatments, lymphovascular invasion, multiplicity of tumours, hydronephrosis and palpable mass were incorporated into the PCA model as predictors of pathological stage. * The sensitivity and specificity of the PCA model in the test data set were 62.8% (95% CI 55.6%-68.1%) and 68.9% (95% CI 60.8%-76.0%), respectively. The positive and negative predictive values were 75.8% (95% CI 69.0%-81.6%) and 51.5% (95% CI 44.4%-58.5%), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: * The pre-cystectomy PCA model improved  the ability to differentiate OC disease from extravesical BC and especially decreased the under-staging rate. * The pre-cystectomy PCA model represented a user-friendly staging aid without the need for sophisticated statistical interpretation.

 

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[207]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Socio-demographic inequalities in stage of cancer diagnosis: evidence from patients with female breast, lung, colon, rectal, prostate, renal, bladder, melanoma, ovarian and endometrial cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Ann Oncol. 2013 Mar;24(3):843-50. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mds526. Epub 2012 Nov 12.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1093/annonc/mds526

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Lyratzopoulos G; Abel GA; Brown CH; Rous BA; Vernon SA; Roland M; Greenberg DC

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Cambridge Centre for Health Services Research, Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. gl290@medschl.cam.ac.uk

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Understanding socio-demographic inequalities in stage at diagnosis can inform priorities for cancer control. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We analysed data  on the stage at diagnosis of East of England patients diagnosed with any of 10 common cancers, 2006-2010. Stage information was available on 88 657 of 98 942 tumours (89.6%). RESULTS: Substantial socio-demographic inequalities in advanced  stage at diagnosis (i.e. stage III/IV) existed for seven cancers, but their magnitude and direction varied greatly by cancer: advanced stage at diagnosis was more likely for older patients with melanoma but less likely for older patients with lung cancer [odds ratios for 75-79 versus 65-69 1.60 (1.38-1.86) and 0.83 (0.77-0.89), respectively]. Deprived patients were more likely to be diagnosed in advanced stage for melanoma, prostate, endometrial and (female) breast cancer: odds ratios (most versus least deprived quintile) from 2.24 (1.66-3.03) for melanoma to 1.31 (1.15-1.49) for breast cancer. In England, elimination of socio-demographic inequalities in stage at diagnosis could decrease the number of patients with cancer diagnosed in advanced stage by approximately 5600 annually.  CONCLUSIONS: There are substantial socio-demographic inequalities in stage at diagnosis for most cancers. Earlier detection interventions and policies can be targeted on patients at higher risk of advanced stage diagnosis.

 

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[208]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Tumor marker kinetics predict outcome in patients with relapsed disseminated non-seminomatous germ-cell tumors.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Ann Oncol. 2013 Feb;24(2):322-8. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mds504. Epub 2012 Oct 26.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1093/annonc/mds504

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Massard C; Kramar A; Beyer J; Hartmann JT; Lorch A; Pico JL; Rosti G; Droz JP; Fizazi K

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Gustave Roussy, University of Paris Sud, Villejuif, France. christophe.massard@igr.fr

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: An early serum tumor marker ™ decline during chemotherapy was shown to independently predict survival in patients with poor-prognosis disseminated non-seminomatous germ-cell tumors (NSGCTs). The aim of this study was to assess whether a TM decline (TMD) also correlates with the outcome in the  salvage setting. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Data regarding 400 patients with progressive or relapsed disseminated NSGCTs after first-line chemotherapy prospectively accrued onto two phase III clinical trials were obtained. Serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and/or human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) were assessed at baseline and after 6 weeks of chemotherapy. A total of 297 patients, 185 and 112 in the training and validation sets, with initially abnormal TMs for whom a change from baseline could be established were used for this analysis. RESULTS: An unfavorable decline in either AFP or hCG was predictive of progression-free survival (PFS) [hazard ratio, HR = 2.15, (95% CI 1.48-3.11); P < 0.001; 2-year PFS rate: 50% versus 26%] as was the Lorch prognostic score (LPS). In the multivariate analysis, an unfavorable TMD, stratified based on the LPS, was an independent adverse prognostic factor for PFS and OS. CONCLUSION: An unfavorable  TMD during the first 6 weeks after chemotherapy is associated with a poorer outcome in patients with relapsed disseminated NSGCTs.

 

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[209]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - A population-based analysis of the effect of marital status on overall and cancer-specific mortality in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the penis.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Cancer Causes Control. 2013 Jan;24(1):71-9. doi: 10.1007/s10552-012-0091-y. Epub  2012 Oct 30.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s10552-012-0091-y

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Thuret R; Sun M; Budaus L; Abdollah F; Liberman D; Shariat SF; Iborra F; Guiter J; Patard JJ; Perrotte P; Karakiewicz PI

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada. rodolphethuret@gmail.com

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: The association between marital status and tumor stage and grade, as well as overall mortality (OM) and cancer-specific mortality (CSM) received little attention in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the penis (SCCP). METHODS: We relied on the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results (SEER) 17 database to identify patients diagnosed with primary SCCP. Logistic and Cox regression models, respectively, addressed the effect of marital status on the rate of locally advanced disease and its effect on OM and CSM. Covariates consisted of age, race, socioeconomic status, year of surgery, and SEER registries. RESULTS: Between 1988 and 2006, 1,884 patients with SCCP were identified. At surgery, 1,192 (63.3 %) were married and 966 (51.3 %) had locally  advanced disease. In multivariable logistic regression models predicting locally  advanced disease at surgery, unmarried men had a 1.5-fold higher (p < 0.001) risk than others. In multivariable Cox models predicting CSM, marital status had no effect [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.3, p = 0.1]. Finally, in multivariable Cox models predicting OM, unmarried men had a 1.3-fold higher (p = 0.001) risk than others.  CONCLUSION: Unmarried men tend to present with less favorable disease stage at SCCP. Moreover, unmarried men tend to live less long than their married counterparts. However, marital status has no effect on CSM.

 

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[210]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Increased PrLZ-mediated androgen receptor transactivation promotes prostate cancer growth at castration-resistant stage.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Carcinogenesis. 2013 Feb;34(2):257-67. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgs337. Epub 2012 Oct  26.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1093/carcin/bgs337

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Li L; Xie H; Liang L; Gao Y; Zhang D; Fang L; Lee SO; Luo J; Chen X; Wang X; Chang LS; Yeh S; Wang Y; He D; Chang C

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Sex Hormone Research Center, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Most advanced prostate cancers (PCa) will develop into the castration-resistant stage following androgen deprivation therapy, yet the molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we found PrLZ, a newly identified Prostate Leucine Zipper gene that is highly expressed in PCa could interact with the androgen receptor (AR) directly leading to enhance AR transactivation in the castration-resistant condition. PrLZ might enhance AR transactivation via a change of AR conformation  that leads to promotion of AR nuclear translocation and suppression of AR degradation via modulating the proteasome pathway, which resulted in increased prostate-specific antigen expression and promoted PCa growth at the castration-resistant stage. Clinical PCa sample survey from same-patient paired specimens found increased PrLZ expression in castration-resistant PCa following the classical androgen deprivation therapy. Targeting the AR-PrLZ complex via ASC-J9® or PrLZ-siRNA resulted in suppression of PCa growth in various human PCa cells and in vivo mouse PCa models. Together, these data not only strengthen  PrLZ roles in the transition from androgen dependence to androgen independence during the castration-resistant stage, but they may also provide a new potential  therapy to battle PCa at the castration-resistant stage.

 

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[211]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Preoperative 3-Tesla multiparametric endorectal magnetic resonance imaging findings and the odds of upgrading and upstaging at radical prostatectomy in men  with clinically localized prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2013 Feb 1;85(2):e101-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2012.08.032. Epub 2012 Oct 3.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.ijrobp.2012.08.032

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Hegde JV; Chen MH; Mulkern RV; Fennessy FM; D’Amico AV; Tempany CM

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Harvard Medical School, and Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: To investigate whether 3-T esla (3T) multiparametric endorectal MRI (erMRI) can add information to established predictors regarding occult extraprostatic or high-grade prostate cancer (PC) in men with clinically localized PC. METHODS AND MATERIALS: At a single academic medical center, this retrospective study’s cohort included 118 men with clinically localized PC who underwent 3T multiparametric erMRI followed by radical prostatectomy, from 2008 to 2011. Multivariable logistic regression analyses in all men and in 100 with favorable-risk PC addressed whether erMRI evidence of T3 disease was associated with prostatectomy T3 or Gleason score (GS) 8-10 (in patients with biopsy GS </=7) PC, adjusting for age, prostate-specific antigen level, clinical T category, biopsy GS, and percent positive biopsies. RESULTS: The accuracy of erMRI prediction of extracapsular extension and seminal vesicle invasion was 75%  and 95%, respectively. For all men, erMRI evidence of a T3 lesion versus T2 was associated with an increased odds of having pT3 disease (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 4.81, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.36-16.98, P=.015) and pGS 8-10 (AOR 5.56, 95% CI 1.10-28.18, P=.038). In the favorable-risk population, these results were AOR 4.14 (95% CI 1.03-16.56), P=.045 and AOR 7.71 (95% CI 1.36-43.62), P=.021, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Three-Tesla multiparametric erMRI in men with  favorable-risk PC provides information beyond that contained in known preoperative predictors about the presence of occult extraprostatic and/or high-grade PC. If validated in additional studies, this information can be used to counsel men planning to undergo radical prostatectomy or radiation therapy about the possible need for adjuvant radiation therapy or the utility of adding hormone therapy, respectively.

 

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[212]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Prostaglandin 15d-PGJ(2) inhibits androgen receptor signaling in prostate cancer  cells.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Mol Endocrinol. 2013 Feb;27(2):212-23. doi: 10.1210/me.2012-1313. Epub 2012 Nov 28.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1210/me.2012-1313

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Kaikkonen S; Paakinaho V; Sutinen P; Levonen AL; Palvimo JJ

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Androgen signaling, in particular overexpression of the androgen receptor (AR), is critical for the growth and progression of prostate cancer. Because the AR is  amenable to targeting by small-molecule inhibitors, it remains the major druggable target for the advanced disease. Inflammation has also been implicated  in the cancerous growth in the prostate. Here we show that 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) (15d-PGJ(2)), an endogenously produced antiinflammatory prostaglandin, targets the AR and acts as a potent AR inhibitor, rapidly repressing AR target genes, such as FKBP51 and TMPRSS2 in prostate cancer cells. However, exposure of prostate cancer cells to 15d-PGJ(2) does not simply evoke a general inhibition of nuclear receptor activity or transcription because  under the same conditions, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma is activated by 15d-PGJ(2). Moreover, 15d-PGJ(2) rapidly triggers modifications of AR by small ubiquitin-related modifier-2/3 (SUMO-2/3), which may modulate the repressing effect of 15d-PGJ(2) on AR-dependent transcription. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays indicate that the inhibitory effect of 15d-PGJ(2) on FKBP51 and TMPRSS2 expression occurs in parallel with the inhibition of the AR binding to the regulatory regions of these genes. However, the DNA-binding activity is not the only AR function targeted by 15d-PGJ(2) because the prostaglandin also blunted the androgen-dependent interaction between the AR amino and carboxy termini. In conclusion, our results identify 15d-PGJ(2) as a potent and direct inhibitor of androgen signaling, suggesting novel possibilities in restricting the AR activity in prostate cancer cells.

 

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[213]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - CXCL1/GROalpha increases cell migration and invasion of prostate cancer by decreasing fibulin-1 expression through NF-kappaB/HDAC1 epigenetic regulation.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Carcinogenesis. 2012 Dec;33(12):2477-87. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgs299. Epub 2012 Oct 1.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1093/carcin/bgs299

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Kuo PL; Shen KH; Hung SH; Hsu YL

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Inflammatory tumor microenvironments play pivotal roles in the development of cancer. Inflammatory cytokines such as CXCL1/GROalpha exert cancer-promoting activities by increasing tumor angiogenesis. However, whether CXCL1/GROalpha also plays a role in the progression of prostate cancer, particularly in highly invasive castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), has not been investigated.  We explored whether CXCL1/GROalpha enhances cell migration and invasion in PC-3 and DU145 CRPC. Induction of PC-3 and DU145 cancer progression by CXCL1/GROalpha  is associated with increased AKT activation and IkappaB kinase alpha (IKKalpha) phosphorylation, resulting in nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation. Activated NF-kappaB interacts with histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) to form a gene-silencing complex, which represses the expression of fibulin-1D by decreasing the acetylation of histone H3 and H4 on the NF-kappaB-binding site of  the fibulin-1D promoter. Blockade of AKT2 by small hairpin RNA (shRNA) decreases  IKKalpha phosphorylation, NF-kappaB nuclear translocation and cell migration, indicating that AKT is required in CXCL1/GROalpha-mediated NF-kappaB activation and cell migration. In addition, NF-kappaB and HDAC1 shRNA decrease the effect of CXCL1/GROalpha on fibulin-1D downregulation, migration and invasion, suggesting that the NF-kappaB/HDAC1 complex is also involved in CXCL1/GROalpha-mediated cancer progression. Our findings provide the first evidence that CXCL1/GROalpha decreases fibulin-1D expression in prostate cancer cells and also reveals novel insights into the mechanism by which CXCL1/GROalpha regulates NF-kappaB activation through the AKT pathway. Our results also clearly establish that co-operation of NF-kappaB and HDAC1 regulates fibulin-1D expression by epigenetic modification. Our study suggests that inhibition of CXCL1/GROalpha-mediated AKT/NF-kappaB signaling may be an attractive therapeutic target for CRPC.

 

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[214]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Treatment-related morbidity in prostate cancer: a comparison of 3-dimensional conformal radiation therapy with and without image guidance using implanted fiducial markers.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2013 Mar 15;85(4):1018-23. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2012.07.2376. Epub 2012 Oct 3.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.ijrobp.2012.07.2376

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Singh J; Greer PB; White MA; Parker J; Patterson J; Tang CI; Capp A; Wratten C; Denham JW

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Calvary Mater Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia. Electronic address: drsingh.j@gmail.com.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: To estimate the prevalence of rectal and urinary dysfunctional symptoms  using image guided radiation therapy (IGRT) with fiducials and magnetic resonance planning for prostate cancer. METHODS AND MATERIALS: During the implementation stages of IGRT between September 2008 and March 2010, 367 consecutive patients were treated with prostatic irradiation using 3-dimensional conformal radiation therapy with and without IGRT (non-IGRT). In November 2010, these men were asked  to report their bowel and bladder symptoms using a postal questionnaire. The proportions of patients with moderate to severe symptoms in these groups were compared using logistic regression models adjusted for tumor and treatment characteristic variables. RESULTS: Of the 282 respondents, the 154 selected for IGRT had higher stage tumors, received higher prescribed doses, and had larger volumes of rectum receiving high dosage than did the 128 selected for non-IGRT. The follow-up duration was 8 to 26 months. Compared with the non-IGRT group, improvement was noted in all dysfunctional rectal symptoms using IGRT. In multivariable analyses, IGRT improved rectal pain (odds ratio [OR] 0.07 [0.009-0.7], P=.02), urgency (OR 0.27 [0.11-0.63], P=<.01), diarrhea (OR 0.009 [0.02-0.35], P<.01), and change in bowel habits (OR 0.18 [0.06-0.52], P<.010). No correlation was observed between rectal symptom levels and dose-volume histogram  data. Urinary dysfunctional symptoms were similar in both treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS: In comparison with men selected for non-IGRT, a significant reduction of bowel dysfunctional symptoms was confirmed in men selected for IGRT, even though they had larger volumes of rectum treated to higher doses.

 

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[215]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Survival and impact of clinical prognostic factors in surgically treated metastatic renal cell carcinoma.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Eur Urol. 2013 Apr;63(4):646-52. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2012.09.037. Epub 2012 Sep 24.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.eururo.2012.09.037

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Tosco L; Van Poppel H; Frea B; Gregoraci G; Joniau S

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - AOUD Santa Maria della Misericordia, Clinic of Urology, Udine, Italy.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: The survival impact of metastasectomy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) is still an active research field, particularly in the multimodal/targeted therapy era. OBJECTIVE: To determine the survival impact of clinical prognostic factors and their application to stratification of patients according to their prognosis so clinicians may be aided in their management of mRCC. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Retrospective, bi-institutional cohort study of 109 consecutive patients (71 male and 38 female; median age: 62 yr (range: 25-82 yr) with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) who underwent partial or radical nephrectomy and at least one metastasectomy for mRCC. INTERVENTION: Metastasis resection from various anatomic sites with the aim of completely removing detected lesions. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Univariable and multivariable Cox regression models were used to analyse the impact of clinical prognostic factors on cancer-specific survival (CSS). Kaplan-Meier analysis with the log-rank test was used to compare CSS. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to test accuracy of prognostic groups. The alpha error for statistical significance was set at 0.05.  RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: Multivariable analysis revealed that primary tumour T stage >/= 3 (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.8; p<0.01), primary tumour Fuhrman grade >/= 3  (HR: 2.3; p<0.03), nonpulmonary metastases (HR: 3.1; p<0.03), disease-free interval </= 12 mo (HR: 2.3; p<0.058), and multiorgan metastases (HR: 2.5; p<0.04) were independent pretreatment prognostic factors. Leuven-Udine (LU) prognostic groups based on these covariates were created and analysed with Kaplan-Meier and log-rank tests. The 2- and 5-yr CSS were significantly different; the respective group A CSS rates were 95.8% and 83.1%; group B, 89.9%  and 56.4%; group C, 65.6% and 32.6%; and group D, 24.7% and 0% (p<0.0001). ROC analysis on the accuracy of prognostic grouping revealed respective areas under the curve of 0.87 and 0.88 at 2 and 5 yr. Main limitations to present study are the retrospective design and the presence of different metastasis sites. CONCLUSIONS: LU prognostic groups could be considered an accurate clinical tool to stratify patients according to prognosis and aid clinicians in the management  of mRCC.

 

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[216]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Prevalence of urinary decoy cells and associated risk factors in a Brazilian kidney, pancreas, and kidney-pancreas transplant population.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Transplant Proc. 2012 Oct;44(8):2394-6. doi: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2012.07.008.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.transproceed.2012.07.008

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Kroth LV; Henkin CS; Peres LD; Paganella MC; Mazzali M; Duval VD; Traesel MA; Saitovitch D

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Division of Nephrology, Hospital Sao Lucas da PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil. leonardo.kroth@pucrs.br

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Polyomavirus BK (BKV) is currently considered one of the most important infectious diseases in kidney transplants recipients. The prevalence of decoy cells (viral containing shed urothelial cells) in these patients varies between 20% and 60%. Of decoy-positive patients, 1%-8% develop BKV nephropathy, a finding that may be associated with graft failure in up to 80% of affected individuals. METHODS: Decoy cells cytology is an easily performed and inexpensive assay useful for poliomavirus infection screening. Data on the prevalence of decoy cells in simultaneous pancreas-kidney or isolated pancreas recipients remains largely unreported. In the present study, we evaluated 221 patients >/=18 years old with >1 month follow-up after transplantation who had attended the outpatient clinic between September and December 2006. RESULTS: The total prevalence of decoy cells was 16% (16.9% in kidney recipients, 5.9% in simultaneous kidney-pancreas recipients and 20% in pancreas alone recipients). There were no differences between patients with either positive or negative urinary cytology for decoy cells, regarding demographic (gender, age, race) or clinical (time posttransplantation, donor type [deceased vs living donation], and presence of delayed graft function or rejection, other associated viral infections and type of immunosuppressive drugs variables.

 

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[217]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Significance of Tumor necrosis factor alpha-308 (G/A) gene polymorphism in the development of prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Mol Biol Rep. 2012 Dec;39(12):11125-30. doi: 10.1007/s11033-012-2020-2. Epub 2012 Oct 12.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s11033-012-2020-2

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Berhane N; Sobti RC; Melesse S; Mahdi SA; Kassu A

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Biotechnology, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia. tesnega@yahoo.com

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common noncutaneous cancer among men, accounting for 10 % of male cancer-related deaths worldwide. The etiology of PCa  is largely unknown, although multiple environmental and lifestyle factors such as ultraviolet irradiation, smoking, and diet might increase the risk of the disease. Risk of disease varies most prominently with age, ethnicity, family history, and diet. The multifunctional cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) has an important role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory, autoimmune and malignant diseases. In this case control study 150 Prostate cancer patients and 150 age matched benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) and equal number of healthy control groups were involved. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of  TNF-alpha-308 (G/A) polymorphism on risk of prostate cancer on north Indian prostate cancer patients. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique was utilized to genotype TNF-alpha-308 (G/A) polymorphism. The present study showed statistically significant increased risk of prostate cancer among individuals that carried the A allele of TNF-alpha-308 gene (OR = 1.81, 95 % CI 1.00-3.481, p = 0.03).

 

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[218]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Understanding the use of immediate intravesical chemotherapy for patients with bladder cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Urol. 2012 Dec;188(6):2108-13. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.08.044. Epub 2012 Oct 18.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.juro.2012.08.044

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Burks FN; Liu AB; Suh RS; Schuster TG; Bradford T; Moylan DA; Knapp PM; Murtagh DS; Dunn RL; Montie JE; Miller DC

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Comprehensive Medical Center, Royal Oak, Michigan 48109, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: Despite its established efficacy in reducing recurrence rates for patients with urothelial carcinoma, immediate intravesical chemotherapy is reportedly used infrequently. Accordingly, the Urological Surgery Quality Collaborative implemented a project aimed at understanding and improving the use  of immediate intravesical chemotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Surgeons in 5 Urological Surgery Quality Collaborative practices prospectively collected clinical and baseline intravesical chemotherapy use data for patients undergoing  bladder biopsy or transurethral bladder tumor resection from September 2010 through January 2012. In the second phase of data collection (June 2011 through January 2012) treating surgeons also documented reasons for not administering intravesical chemotherapy. We defined patients with 1 to 2 clinical stage Ta/T1,  completely resected, papillary tumor(s) as ideal candidates for treatment with immediate intravesical chemotherapy. For ideal and nonideal patients we examined  baseline use of intravesical chemotherapy across Urological Surgery Quality Collaborative practices as well as reasons for not administering therapy among ideal patients. RESULTS: Among 1,931 patients 37.2% met criteria as ideal cases for intravesical chemotherapy administration. We observed significant variation in the use of intravesical chemotherapy across Urological Surgery Quality Collaborative practices for ideal (range 27% to 50%) and nonideal cases (9% to 24%) (p <0.001). Reasons for not treating ideal candidates included lack of confirmation of malignancy (4, 2.8%), uncertainty regarding the benefits of intravesical chemotherapy (28, 19.6%) and logistic factors such as the unavailability of medication (34, 23.8%). CONCLUSIONS: Use of immediate intravesical chemotherapy by Urological Surgery Quality Collaborative practices is higher than reported elsewhere but still varies widely, even among ideal candidates. Efforts to optimize use will be aided by disseminating evidence supporting indications and benefits of intravesical chemotherapy, and by addressing local logistic factors that limit access to this evidence-based therapy.

 

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[219]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Validation of new AJCC exclusion criteria for subepithelial prostatic stromal invasion from pT4a bladder urothelial carcinoma.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Urol. 2013 Jan;189(1):53-8. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.09.006. Epub 2012 Nov 16.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.juro.2012.09.006

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Patel AR; Cohn JA; Abd El Latif A; Miocinovic R; Steinberg GD; Paner GP; Hansel DE

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Section of Urology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: In 2010 the AJCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer) excluded urothelial carcinoma with subepithelial prostatic stromal invasion from the pT4a  bladder cancer staging class, which is otherwise defined by direct prostatic invasion transmurally from the bladder. We determined if the new guidelines were  reflective of differences in survival between subepithelial prostatic stromal invasion and transmural pT4a disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective, multi-institutional cohort of cystectomy cases with subepithelial prostatic stromal invasion from the University of Chicago and Cleveland Clinic were compared to a cohort with transmural pT4a disease. All pathological specimens were rereviewed at the respective institutions. Patients were excluded from the final cohort if variant bladder cancer histology, pT3 bladder disease or extraprostatic extension of urothelial carcinoma were identified. The primary end points were cancer specific and overall survival. RESULTS: Our study sample consisted of 48 patients with subepithelial prostatic stromal invasion and 49 patients with transmural pT4a disease. Median followup was 12.8 months (IQR 4.9 to 31.4). Patients with subepithelial prostatic stromal invasion had lower rates  of lymph node involvement than those with transmural pT4a disease (14.6% vs 61.2%, p <0.001) and lower rates of positive surgical margins (18.7% vs 61.2%, p  <0.001). Rates of perioperative chemotherapy were similar in both groups. When comparing subepithelial prostatic stromal invasion and transmural pT4a groups, overall survival was 64.0 vs 9.8 months and median cancer specific survival was not achieved vs 16.5 months, respectively (p <0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Subepithelial  prostatic stromal invasion from urothelial carcinoma has more favorable outcomes  compared to transmural pT4a disease. Our results support the exclusion of subepithelial prostatic stromal invasion from the pT4a bladder urothelial carcinoma staging class.

 

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[220]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Dietary intakes of carbohydrates in relation to prostate cancer risk: a prospective study in the Malmo Diet and Cancer cohort.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Am J Clin Nutr. 2012 Dec;96(6):1409-18. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.112.039438. Epub 2012 Nov 7.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 3945/ajcn.112.039438

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Drake I; Sonestedt E; Gullberg B; Ahlgren G; Bjartell A; Wallstrom P; Wirfalt E

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Research Group in Nutritional Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmo, Lund University, Malmo, Sweden. isabel.drake@med.lu.se

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Dietary carbohydrates have been implicated in relation to prostate cancer. OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to examine the associations between dietary  intakes of carbohydrates, fiber, and their food sources and risk of prostate cancer, overall and by case severity, in the Malmo Diet and Cancer cohort. DESIGN: The analysis included 8128 men aged 45-73 y without a history of cancer,  cardiovascular disease, or diabetes and who were classified as adequate energy reporters. After a median follow-up time of 15 y, prostate cancer was diagnosed in 817 men. We used Cox proportional hazards regression to model associations between energy-adjusted nutrient and food intakes with risk of incident prostate  cancer, with competing risk of death from non-prostate cancer causes taken into account. RESULTS: After adjustment for age and other known or potential risk factors, we observed no associations between total carbohydrates or dietary fiber and prostate cancer. We observed positive associations between the intake of low-fiber cereals with overall and low-risk prostate cancer and between intakes of cake and biscuits and rice and pasta with low-risk prostate cancer (all P-trend < 0.05). A high intake compared with zero consumption of sugar-sweetened  beverages was associated with increased risk of symptomatic prostate cancer (HR:  1.38; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.84). CONCLUSIONS: Results from this large study with high-validity dietary data suggest that a high intake of refined carbohydrates may be associated with increased risk of prostate cancer. However we observed no  significant associations with high-risk prostate cancer, and not all foods that are typically high in refined carbohydrates were associated with prostate cancer.

 

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[221]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Definition of molecular determinants of prostate cancer cell bone extravasation.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Cancer Res. 2013 Jan 15;73(2):942-52. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-12-3264. Epub 2012 Nov 13.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1158/0008-5472.CAN-12-3264

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Barthel SR; Hays DL; Yazawa EM; Opperman M; Walley KC; Nimrichter L; Burdick MM; Gillard BM; Moser MT; Pantel K; Foster BA; Pienta KJ; Dimitroff CJ

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School,  Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Advanced prostate cancer commonly metastasizes to bone, but transit of malignant  cells across the bone marrow endothelium (BMEC) remains a poorly understood step  in metastasis. Prostate cancer cells roll on E-selectin(+) BMEC through E-selectin ligand-binding interactions under shear flow, and prostate cancer cells exhibit firm adhesion to BMEC via beta1, beta4, and alphaVbeta3 integrins in static assays. However, whether these discrete prostate cancer cell-BMEC adhesive contacts culminate in cooperative, step-wise transendothelial migration  into bone is not known. Here, we describe how metastatic prostate cancer cells breach BMEC monolayers in a step-wise fashion under physiologic hemodynamic flow. Prostate cancer cells tethered and rolled on BMEC and then firmly adhered to and  traversed BMEC via sequential dependence on E-selectin ligands and beta1 and alphaVbeta3 integrins. Expression analysis in human metastatic prostate cancer tissue revealed that beta1 was markedly upregulated compared with expression of other beta subunits. Prostate cancer cell breaching was regulated by Rac1 and Rap1 GTPases and, notably, did not require exogenous chemokines as beta1, alphaVbeta3, Rac1, and Rap1 were constitutively active. In homing studies, prostate cancer cell trafficking to murine femurs was dependent on E-selectin ligand, beta1 integrin, and Rac1. Moreover, eliminating E-selectin ligand-synthesizing alpha1,3 fucosyltransferases in transgenic adenoma of mouse prostate mice dramatically reduced prostate cancer incidence. These results unify the requirement for E-selectin ligands, alpha1,3 fucosyltransferases, beta1 and alphaVbeta3 integrins, and Rac/Rap1 GTPases in mediating prostate cancer cell homing and entry into bone and offer new insight into the role of alpha1,3 fucosylation in prostate cancer development.

 

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[222]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Role of immediate radical cystectomy in the treatment of patients with residual T1 bladder cancer on restaging transurethral resection.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - BJU Int. 2012 Nov 13. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11391.x.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11391.x

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Sternberg IA; Keren Paz GE; Chen LY; Herr HW; Dalbagni G

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Urology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - WHAT’S KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT? AND WHAT DOES THE STUDY ADD?: Bladder cancer patients with lamina propria invasion (T1 disease) and residual T1 disease on restaging transurethral resection of bladder tumour (re-TURBT) are at a very high risk for recurrence and progression. Despite this risk, most patients are treated with a bladder preserving approach and not immediate radical cystectomy (RC). In  this study we have shown that a quarter of patients with T1 bladder cancer and residual T1 on re-TURBT who are treated with immediate RC are found to have carcinoma invading bladder muscle at RC and 5% have lymph node metastases. We have also found that >30% of patients treated with deferred RC after initial bladder-preserving therapy harbour carcinoma invading bladder muscle and almost 20% of these patients have lymph node metastases. Thus, immediate RC should be considered in all patients with T1 bladder cancer and residual T1 on re-TURBT. OBJECTIVE: To report the overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) of patients with residual T1 bladder cancer on restaging transurethral resection  of the bladder tumour (re-TURBT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of 150 evaluable patients treated for T1 bladder cancer with residual T1 disease found on re-TURBT between 1990 and 2007. Patients were treated with immediate radical cystectomy (RC) or a bladder-preserving approach (deferred or no RC). A univariate Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to test the association between treatment approach and survival. RESULTS: Residual T1 bladder cancer was found in 150 evaluable patients, of whom 57 received immediate RC and 93 were treated with a bladder-preserving approach. Fourteen out of 57 patients receiving immediate RC and 8/26 patients receiving deferred RC had carcinoma invading bladder muscle in the RC specimen. Three out of 57 and 5/26 patients had lymph node metastases in the RC specimen. Median follow-up was 3.74 years. Thirty-nine patients died during follow-up, 16 from bladder cancer. There was no significant association between immediate RC and CSS (hazard ratio [HR] 1.15, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.43-3.09, P = 0.8) or OS (HR 0.79, 95% CI 0.4-1.53, P = 0.5). CONCLUSIONS: Because of the low number of events we cannot conclude whether RC offers a survival advantage in patients with residual T1 bladder cancer on re-TURBT. Since a quarter of patients had carcinoma invading bladder muscle, RC should be considered in these patients. A larger, preferably randomized, study with longer follow-up is needed.

 

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[223]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Wilms’ tumor in patients with 9q22.3 microdeletion syndrome suggests a role for PTCH1 in nephroblastomas.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Eur J Hum Genet. 2012 Nov 21. doi: 10.1038/ejhg.2012.252.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1038/ejhg.2012.252

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Isidor B; Bourdeaut F; Lafon D; Plessis G; Lacaze E; Kannengiesser C; Rossignol S; Pichon O; Briand A; Martin-Coignard D; Piccione M; David A; Delattre O; Jeanpierre C; Sevenet N; Le Caignec C

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - 1] Service de Genetique Medicale, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France [2] INSERM, UMR 957, Nantes, France.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Nephroblastoma (Wilms’ tumor; WT) is the most common renal tumor of childhood. To date, several genetic abnormalities predisposing to WT have been identified in rare overgrowth syndromes. Among them, abnormal methylation of the 11p15 region,  GPC3 and DIS3L2 mutations, which are responsible for Beckwith-Wiedemann, Simpson-Golabi-Behmel and Perlman syndromes, respectively. However, the underlying cause of WT remains unknown in the majority of cases. We report three  unrelated patients who presented with WT in addition to a constitutional 9q22.3 microdeletion and dysmorphic/overgrowth syndrome. The size of the deletions was variable (ie, from 1.7 to 8.9 Mb) but invariably encompassed the PTCH1 gene. Subsequently, we identified a somatic PTCH1 nonsense mutation in the renal tumor  of one patient. In addition, by array comparative genomic hybridization method, we analyzed the DNA extracted from the blood samples of nine patients with overgrowth syndrome and WT, but did not identify any deleterious chromosomal imbalances in these patients. These findings strongly suggest that patients with  constitutional 9q22.3 microdeletion have an increased risk of WT, and that PTCH1  have a role in the pathogenesis of nephroblastomas.European Journal of Human Genetics advance online publication, 21 November 2012; doi:10.1038/ejhg.2012.252.

 

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[224]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Impact of margin size on the predicted risk of radiogenic second cancers following proton arc therapy and volumetric modulated arc therapy for prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Phys Med Biol. 2012 Dec 7;57(23):N469-79. doi: 10.1088/0031-9155/57/23/N469. Epub 2012 Nov 15.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1088/0031-9155/57/23/N469

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Rechner LA; Howell RM; Zhang R; Newhauser WD

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Radiation Physics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - We previously determined that the predicted risk of radiogenic second cancer in the bladder and rectum after proton arc therapy (PAT) was less than or equal to that after volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) with photons, but we did not consider the impact of margin size on that risk. The current study was thus conducted to evaluate margin size’s effect on the predicted risks of second cancer for the two modalities and the relative risk between them. Seven treatment plans with margins ranging from 0 mm in all directions to 6 mm posteriorly and 8  mm in all other directions were considered for both modalities. We performed risk analyses using three risk models with varying amounts of cell sterilization and calculated ratios of risk for the corresponding PAT and VMAT plans. We found that the change in risk with margin size depended on the risk model but that the relative risk remained nearly constant with margin size, regardless of the amount of cell sterilization modeled. We conclude that while margin size influences the  predicted risk of a second cancer for a given modality, it appears to affect both modalities in roughly equal proportions so that the relative risk between PAT and VMAT is approximately equivalent.

 

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[225]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Tumor suppressive miR-124 targets androgen receptor and inhibits proliferation of prostate cancer cells.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Oncogene. 2012 Oct 15. doi: 10.1038/onc.2012.425.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1038/onc.2012.425

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Shi XB; Xue L; Ma AH; Tepper CG; Gandour-Edwards R; Kung HJ; Devere White RW

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Although prostate cancer (CaP) is the most frequently diagnosed malignant tumor in American men, the mechanisms underlying the development and progression of CaP remain largely unknown. Recent studies have shown that downregulation of the microRNA miR-124 occurs in several types of human cancer, suggesting a tumor suppressive function of miR-124. Until now, however, it has been unclear whether  miR-124 is associated with CaP. In the present study, we completed a series of experiments to understand the functional role of miR-124 in CaP. We detected the  expression level of miR-124 in clinical CaP tissues, evaluated the influence of miR-124 on the growth of CaP cells and investigated the mechanism underlying the  dysregulation of miR-124. We found that (i) miR-124 directly targets the androgen receptor (AR) and subsequently induces an upregulation of p53; (ii) miR-124 is significantly downregulated in malignant prostatic cells compared to benign cells, and DNA methylation causes the reduced expression of miR-124; and (iii) miR-124 can inhibit the growth of CaP cells in vitro and in vivo. Data from this  study revealed that loss of miR-124 expression is a common event in CaP, which may contribute to the pathogenesis of CaP. Our studies also suggest that miR-124  is a potential tumor suppressive gene in CaP, and restoration of miR-124 expression may represent a novel strategy for CaP therapy.Oncogene advance online publication, 15 October 2012; doi:10.1038/onc.2012.425.

 

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[226]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Prediagnostic circulating adipokine concentrations and risk of renal cell carcinoma in male smokers.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Carcinogenesis. 2013 Jan;34(1):109-12. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgs322. Epub 2012 Oct  6.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1093/carcin/bgs322

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Liao LM; Weinstein SJ; Pollak M; Li Z; Virtamo J; Albanes D; Chow WH; Purdue MP

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA. liaolm@mail.nih.gov

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Despite a well-established link between obesity and renal cell carcinoma (RCC), the mechanism through which obesity acts to increase cancer risk is unclear. Adiponectin, leptin and resistin are adipocyte-secreted peptide hormones that may influence RCC development through their demonstrated effects on inflammation, insulin resistance and cell growth and proliferation. We conducted a nested case-control study to evaluate whether prediagnostic serum adiponectin, leptin and resistin levels are associated with RCC risk. This case-control study (273 cases and 273 controls) was nested within the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study cohort of Finnish male smokers. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were estimated using conditional logistic regression models, with analyte levels modeled continuously and categorically (defined using quartiles among controls). High adiponectin levels were significantly associated with reduced RCC risk (Quartile 4 versus Quartile 1: OR  = 0.52, 95% CI = 0.30-0.88; P trend = 0.01). This association remained upon additional adjustment for body mass index at blood collection and exclusion of cases diagnosed within the first 2 years of follow-up. In addition, model adjustment for adiponectin resulted in a substantial attenuation of the association between BMI and RCC (OR per 5 kg/m(2) changed from 1.19 to 1.05). No  clear associations with RCC were observed for leptin or resistin. Our results suggest that elevated levels of circulating adiponectin are associated with decreased subsequent risk of RCC. These findings provide the strongest evidence to date, suggesting that the association between obesity and RCC is mediated at least in part through the effects of low adiponectin.

 

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[227]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) metabolism-related enzymes gene polymorphisms, NNK metabolites levels and urothelial carcinoma.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Toxicol Lett. 2013 Jan 10;216(1):16-22. doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.11.002. Epub 2012 Nov 8.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.toxlet.2012.11.002

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Chung CJ; Pu YS; Shiue HS; Lee HL; Lin P; Yang HY; Su CT; Hsueh YM

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Health Risk Management, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Gene polymorphisms of the 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) metabolism-related enzymes-cytochrome P450 (CYP) monooxygenase 2A13 (CYP2A13) and UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGT)-2B7 could contribute to the levels of NNK-related metabolites in urine, thereby increasing the susceptibility to urothelial carcinoma (UC). Therefore, our study aimed to evaluate the roles of two gene polymorphisms (CYP2A13 and UGT2B7) of NNK metabolism-related enzymes in  the carcinogenesis of UC in Taiwan. A hospital-based pilot case-control study was conducted. There were 121 UC cases and 121 age- and sex-matched healthy participants recruited from March 2007 to April 2009. Urine samples were analyzed for NNK-related metabolites using the liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method. Genotyping was conducted using a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique. ANCOVA and multivariate logistic regression were applied for data analyses. In healthy controls, former smokers had significantly higher total NNAL and higher NNAL-Gluc than never smokers or current smokers. Subjects carrying the UGT2B7 268 His/Tyr or Tyr/Tyr genotype had significantly lower total NNAL than those carrying His/His genotype. However, no association was seen between gene polymorphisms of  CYP2A13 and UGT2B7 and UC risk after adjustment for age and sex. Significant dose -response associations between total NNAL, free NNAL, the ratios of free NNAL/total NNAL and NNAL-Gluc/total NNAL and UC risk were observed. In the future, large-scale studies will be required to verify the association between the single nucleotide polymorphisms of NNK metabolism-related enzymes and UC risk.

 

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[228]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Activin A stimulates AKR1C3 expression and growth in human prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Endocrinology. 2012 Dec;153(12):5726-34. doi: 10.1210/en.2011-2065. Epub 2012 Sep 28.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1210/en.2011-2065

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Hofland J; van Weerden WM; Steenbergen J; Dits NF; Jenster G; de Jong FH

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands. j.hofland@erasmusmc.nl

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Local androgen synthesis in prostate cancer (PC) may contribute to the development of castration-resistant PC (CRPC), but pathways controlling intratumoral steroidogenic enzyme expression in PC are unknown. We investigated the effects of activin, a factor involved in the regulation of PC growth and steroidogenic enzyme expression in other steroidogenic tissues, on intratumoral steroidogenesis in PC. Activin A effects and regulation of the activin-signaling  pathway molecules were studied in the PC cell lines LNCaP, VCaP, and PC-3 and in  13 individual PC xenograft models. Also, expression levels of inhibin betaA- and  betaB-subunits (INHBA and INHBB) and of the activin antagonist follistatin were quantitated in patient PC tissues. Activin A induced the expression and enzyme activity of 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase enzyme AKR1C3 in LNCaP and VCaP cells. Inhibition of endogenous activin A action in the PC-3 cell line decreased  AKR1C3 levels and consequently testosterone synthesis. In return, androgens suppressed INHBA expression in both VCaP cells and the PC xenograft models. The antiproliferative effects of activin A were opposed by physiological concentrations of androstenedione in LNCaP cells. In patient PC tissues, expression levels of INHBA were increased in CRPC samples and correlated with AKR1C3 levels. Moreover, a high ratio of activin subunits to follistatin was associated with a worse metastasis-free survival in patients. In conclusion, activin A is controlled by androgens in PC models and regulates local androgen production. Activin A thus seems to mediate (residual) intratumoral androgen levels and could form a novel therapeutic target in CRPC.

 

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[229]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - A predictive role for noncancerous prostate cells: low connexin-26 expression in  radical prostatectomy tissues predicts metastasis.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Br J Cancer. 2012 Dec 4;107(12):1963-8. doi: 10.1038/bjc.2012.500. Epub 2012 Nov  20.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1038/bjc.2012.500

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Bijnsdorp IV; Rozendaal L; van Moorselaar RJ; Geldof AA

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117 4F12, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands. iv.bijnsdorp@vumc.nl

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: It is important to identify markers that predict whether prostate cancer will metastasise. The adjacent noncancerous cells (influenced by the tumour cells) may also express potential markers. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of cancer cells on noncancerous cells and to assess the value of the cell-communication protein connexin-26 (Cx26) as a marker to predict the development of metastasis. METHODS: The effect of conditioned medium  (CM) from PrCa cells on in vitro noncancerous cell proliferation, migration and invasion and Cx26 expression was determined. Connexin-26 expression was investigated in prostatectomy tissues from 51 PrCa patients by immunohistochemistry and compared with various clinicopathological parameters. RESULTS: Proliferation, migration and invasion of noncancerous cells were influenced by CM from the PrCa cell lines. Importantly, a clear relation was found between low Cx26 expression in the noncancerous tissue in prostatectomy sections and the risk of development of metastasis (P<0.0002). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed a relation between low Cx26 expression in noncancerous tissues and time to biochemical recurrence (P=0.0002). CONCLUSION: Measuring Cx26 expression in the adjacent noncancerous tissues (rather than cancer tissues) of prostatectomy sections could help to identify high-risk patients who may benefit  from adjuvant therapy to decrease the risk of metastasis.

 

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[230]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - The number of cores taken in patients diagnosed with a single microfocus at initial biopsy is a major predictor of insignificant prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Urol. 2013 Mar;189(3):854-9. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.09.100. Epub 2012 Sep 25.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.juro.2012.09.100

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Villa L; Capitanio U; Briganti A; Abdollah F; Suardi N; Salonia A; Gallina A; Freschi M; Russo A; Castiglione F; Bianchi M; Rigatti P; Montorsi F; Scattoni V

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Urological Research Institute, University Vita-Salute San  Raffaele, Milan, Italy. l.villa@hotmail.it

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: Patients with a single microfocus of prostate cancer at initial biopsy represent the ideal candidates for active surveillance. We investigate whether the number of cores taken affects the concordance rate between microfocus of prostate cancer and the confirmation of a pathologically insignificant prostate cancer at radical prostatectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data were analyzed from 233 patients with a single microfocus of prostate cancer at initial transrectal prostate biopsy (a single focus of Gleason 6 involving 5% or less of the core) subsequently treated with radical prostatectomy. The chi-square test, cubic spline analyses and logistic regression analyses were used to depict the relationship between the number of cores taken and the probability of confirming  the presence of an indolent disease (pathologically confirmed insignificant prostate cancer defined as radical prostatectomy Gleason score 6 or less, tumor volume 0.5 ml or less and organ confined disease). RESULTS: Overall 65 patients (27.9%) showed pathologically confirmed insignificant prostate cancer at radical  prostatectomy. The rate of pathologically confirmed insignificant prostate cancer was 3.8%, 29.6% and 39.4% in patients who underwent biopsy of 12 or fewer cores,  13 to 18 cores and 19 or more cores, respectively (p <0.001). After adjusting for the available confounders, age (p = 0.04), number of cores taken (p <0.001) and prostate specific antigen density (p <0.02) were independent predictors of pathologically confirmed insignificant prostate cancer. CONCLUSIONS: Of patients  diagnosed with a single microfocus of prostate cancer the number of biopsy cores  taken was a major independent predictor of having pathologically confirmed insignificant prostate cancer at radical prostatectomy. Therefore, when active surveillance is considered as a possible alternative in patients with microfocus  of prostate cancer, the number of cores taken should be taken into account in decision making.

 

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[231]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Formation of active products of benzaldehyde dimethane sulfonate (NSC 281612, DMS612) in human blood and plasma and their activity against renal cell carcinoma lines.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2013 Jan;71(1):73-83. doi: 10.1007/s00280-012-1980-1. Epub 2012 Oct 5.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s00280-012-1980-1

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Parise RA; Anyang BN; Eiseman JL; Egorin MJ; Covey JM; Beumer JH

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Benzaldehyde dimethane sulfonate (BEN, DMS612, NSC281612) is an alkylating agent  with activity against renal cell carcinoma and is being evaluated clinically. To  support clinical trials, we developed an LC-MS/MS assay to detect and quantitate  BEN and its metabolites/decomposition products. We tested the stability and products of BEN and benzoic acid dimethane sulfonate (BA) in plasma, blood and five renal carcinoma cell lines in vitro. Further, we determined the IC(50) of BEN, BA and four of their products in these cell lines. Low temperature and pH stabilized the analytes, and utilizing this resulted in an accurate, precise and  reproducible assay. The half-lives of BEN and BA added to plasma in vitro were 220 and 5 min, while the half-life of BEN in whole blood was 18 min. The generation and degradation of up to 12 analytes were monitored, and structures confirmed with available authentic standards. The IC(50) for BEN was 5- to 500-fold lower than that of any of its products, while the cellular metabolic activity toward BEN correlated with ALDH activity and IC(50) values. We detected  six of the in vitro products and their respective glucuronides in murine plasma after dosing BEN. The information gained from these experiments will be instrumental in the evaluation of the pharmacology of BEN in ongoing human trials.

 

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[232]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Early BK polyomavirus (BKV) reactivation in donor kidney is a risk factor for development of BKV-associated nephropathy.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Infect Dis. 2013 Jan 1;207(1):137-41. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jis642. Epub 2012 Oct 24.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1093/infdis/jis642

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Saundh BK; Baker R; Harris M; Welberry Smith MP; Cherukuri A; Hale A

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Microbiology and Renal Unit, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, United Kingdom.  baljit.saundh@leedsth.nhs.uk

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - The pathogenesis of BK polyomavirus (BKV) infection and associated nephropathy in renal transplant recipients is not clearly understood. To gain insight, urine and plasma samples were collected from 112 renal transplant recipients before and after transplantation and tested for the presence of BKV by polymerase chain reaction. Detection of BKV infection very early (ie, 5 days) after transplantation was identified as a risk factor for subsequent BKV viremia and BKV-associated nephropathy. Phylogenetic analysis of VP1 sequences with corresponding ethnicity data suggests that reactivation was of donor origin. Thus, early testing of urine samples from renal transplant recipients may identify those at risk for BKV-associated nephropathy.

 

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[233]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - CpG island hypermethylation frequently silences FILIP1L isoform 2 expression in prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Urol. 2013 Jan;189(1):329-35. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.08.188. Epub 2012 Nov 20.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.juro.2012.08.188

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Desotelle J; Truong M; Ewald J; Weeratunga P; Yang B; Huang W; Jarrard D

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Wisconsin, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: Senescence related regulatory pathways serve as barriers to cancer immortalization and progression but they are currently not well defined. FILIP1L  is a growth inhibitory gene with multiple isoforms whose expression is increased  in senescent prostate and prostate cancer cells, and decreased in many cancers. We investigated whether DNA methylation regulates FILIP1L in senescence and in prostate cancer development. MATERIALS AND METHODS: FILIP1L mRNA expression was assessed in prostate cancer and associated normal prostate tissues using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. A tissue microarray was constructed using 95 prostate cancer specimens and 45 benign prostate specimens. Vectra imaging was used to quantitate nuclear and cytoplasmic FILIP1L protein expression. Bisulfite  sequencing and Pyrosequencing® were used to assess methylation. Prostate cancer cell lines were treated with 2’-deoxy-5-azacytidine and mRNA expression was assessed. RESULTS: FILIP1L isoform 2 mRNA was increased in replicatively senescent human prostate epithelial cells and decreased in prostate cancer specimens. We verified a reduction in nuclear FILIP1L protein in prostate cancer  using tissue microarrays (p = 0.006). A CpG island 5’ of the isoform 2 translational start site was identified that showed hypermethylation in prostate  cancer cell lines and tumors compared to normal prostate cells and tissues. Pyrosequencing confirmed FILIP1L hypermethylation in all 14 tumors compared to paired normal tissues (p <0.0001). Isoform 2 expression was induced in prostate cancer cell lines using 2’-deoxy-5-azacytidine. CONCLUSIONS: FILIP1L isoform 2 is one of the most commonly hypermethylated genes in prostate cancer. It may serve as an important marker of prostate cancer. Isoform 2 expression is associated with senescence and its down-regulation may represent an early important biological event in prostate cancer development.

 

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[234]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - HOXB13 is a susceptibility gene for prostate cancer: results from the International Consortium for Prostate Cancer Genetics (ICPCG).

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Hum Genet. 2013 Jan;132(1):5-14. doi: 10.1007/s00439-012-1229-4. Epub 2012 Oct 12.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s00439-012-1229-4

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Xu J; Lange EM; Lu L; Zheng SL; Wang Z; Thibodeau SN; Cannon-Albright LA; Teerlink CC; Camp NJ; Johnson AM; Zuhlke KA; Stanford JL; Ostrander EA; Wiley KE; Isaacs SD; Walsh PC; Maier C; Luedeke M; Vogel W; Schleutker J; Wahlfors T; Tammela T; Schaid D; McDonnell SK; DeRycke MS; Cancel-Tassin G; Cussenot O; Wiklund F; Gronberg H; Eeles R; Easton D; Kote-Jarai Z; Whittemore AS; Hsieh CL; Giles GG; Hopper JL; Severi G; Catalona WJ; Mandal D; Ledet E; Foulkes WD; Hamel N; Mahle L; Moller P; Powell I; Bailey-Wilson JE; Carpten JD; Seminara D; Cooney KA; Isaacs WB

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Data Coordinating Center for the ICPCG, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Prostate cancer has a strong familial component but uncovering the molecular basis for inherited susceptibility for this disease has been challenging. Recently, a rare, recurrent mutation (G84E) in HOXB13 was reported to be associated with prostate cancer risk. Confirmation and characterization of this finding is necessary to potentially translate this information to the clinic. To  examine this finding in a large international sample of prostate cancer families, we genotyped this mutation and 14 other SNPs in or flanking HOXB13 in 2,443 prostate cancer families recruited by the International Consortium for Prostate Cancer Genetics (ICPCG). At least one mutation carrier was found in 112 prostate  cancer families (4.6 %), all of European descent. Within carrier families, the G84E mutation was more common in men with a diagnosis of prostate cancer (194 of  382, 51 %) than those without (42 of 137, 30 %), P = 9.9 x 10(-8) [odds ratio 4.42 (95 % confidence interval 2.56-7.64)]. A family-based association test found G84E to be significantly over-transmitted from parents to affected offspring (P = 6.5 x 10(-6)). Analysis of markers flanking the G84E mutation indicates that it resides in the same haplotype in 95 % of carriers, consistent with a founder effect. Clinical characteristics of cancers in mutation carriers included features of high-risk disease. These findings demonstrate that the HOXB13 G84E mutation is present in ~5 % of prostate cancer families, predominantly of European descent, and confirm its association with prostate cancer risk. While future studies are needed to more fully define the clinical utility of this observation, this allele and others like it could form the basis for early, targeted screening of men at elevated risk for this common, clinically heterogeneous cancer.

 

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[235]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Ciprofloxacin prophylaxis in kidney transplant recipients reduces BK virus infection at 3 months but not at 1 year.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Transplantation. 2012 Dec 15;94(11):1117-23. doi: 10.1097/TP.0b013e31826ec74e.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1097/TP.0b013e31826ec74e

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Wojciechowski D; Chanda R; Chandran S; Lee B; Webber A; Macaraig M; Tomlanovich S; Vincenti F

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Kidney Transplant Service, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. david.wojciechowski@ucsf.edu

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: BK polyomavirus (BKV) infection remains a significant cause of nephropathy and graft loss. Fluoroquinolones inhibit BKV replication in vitro, and small studies suggest in vivo benefit. A strategy of fluoroquinolone prophylaxis directed specifically against BKV has not been formally tested against a control group in kidney transplant recipients. METHODS: We retrospectively compared the impact of a change in antibiotic prophylaxis practice from no BKV prophylaxis (Group 1, n=106, July-December 2009) to BKV prophylaxis with ciprofloxacin 250 mg twice daily for 30 days (Group 2, n=130, January-June 2010) on the rate of BKV infection during the first 12 months after  kidney transplantation. RESULTS: Baseline demographics, transplant characteristics, induction immunosuppression, and 1-year incidence of acute rejection were similar between groups. Group 1 had fewer patients on maintenance  corticosteroids (65.1% vs. 83.2%, P=0.002). At 3 months, Group 1 had a significantly higher risk of developing BK viremia (0.161 vs. 0.065, P=0.0378) and viruria (0.303 vs. 0.146, P=0.0067) compared with Group 2, but this difference disappeared at 12 months for both viremia (0.297 vs. 0.261, P=0.6061)  and viruria (0.437 vs. 0.389, P=0.5363). Adjusting for the difference in steroid  use did not change the results. There was a trend toward higher incidence of biopsy-proven BKV nephropathy in Group 1 (4.7% vs. 0.8%, P=0.057). CONCLUSION: Thirty-day ciprofloxacin prophylaxis in kidney transplant recipients is associated with a lower rate of BKV infection at 3 months but not at 12 months. The long-term effectiveness and optimal duration of fluoroquinolone prophylaxis against BKV infection remain unknown.

 

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[236]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Effect of abiraterone acetate on fatigue in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer after docetaxel chemotherapy.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Ann Oncol. 2013 Apr;24(4):1017-25. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mds585. Epub 2012 Nov 14.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1093/annonc/mds585

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Sternberg CN; Molina A; North S; Mainwaring P; Fizazi K; Hao Y; Rothman M; Gagnon DD; Kheoh T; Haqq CM; Cleeland C; de Bono JS; Scher HI

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Medical Oncology, San Camillo and Forlanini Hospitals, Rome, Italy.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Background Fatigue is a common, debilitating side-effect of prostate cancer and its treatment. Patient-reported fatigue was evaluated as part of COU-AA-301, a randomized, placebo-controlled, phase III trial of abiraterone acetate and prednisone versus placebo and prednisone in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients after docetaxel chemotherapy. This is the first  phase III study in advanced prostate cancer to evaluate fatigue outcomes using a  validated fatigue-specific instrument. Patients and methods The Brief Fatigue Inventory (BFI) questionnaire was used to measure patient-reported fatigue intensity and fatigue interference with activities of daily life. All analyses were conducted using prespecified responder definitions of clinically meaningful  changes. Results A total of 797 patients were randomized to abiraterone acetate and prednisone, and 398 were randomized to placebo and prednisone. Compared with  prednisone alone, in patients with clinically significant fatigue at baseline, abiraterone acetate and prednisone significantly increased the proportion of patients reporting improvement in fatigue intensity (58.1% versus 40.3%, P = 0.0001), improved fatigue interference (55.0% versus 38.0%, P = 0.0075), and accelerated improvement in fatigue intensity (median 59 days versus 194 days, P = 0.0155). Conclusions In patients with mCRPC progressing after docetaxel chemotherapy, abiraterone acetate and prednisone yielded clinically meaningful improvements in patient-reported fatigue compared with prednisone alone.

 

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[237]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Diphtheria toxin-epidermal growth factor fusion protein DAB389EGF for the treatment of bladder cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Clin Cancer Res. 2013 Jan 1;19(1):148-57. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-12-1258. Epub 2012 Nov 21.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1158/1078-0432.CCR-12-1258

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Yang X; Kessler E; Su LJ; Thorburn A; Frankel AE; Li Y; La Rosa FG; Shen J; Li CY; Varella-Garcia M; Glode LM; Flaig TW

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: The novel fusion protein, DAB(389)EGF, is composed of both the catalytic and the translocation domains of diphtheria toxin that are fused to the human EGF, providing a targeting and a toxicity component. We tested DAB(389)EGF for antitumor activity in both in vitro and in vivo urinary bladder cancer models. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Human bladder cancer lines were treated with DAB(389)EGF and assessed for growth inhibition and clonogenic suppression. Using 6- to 8-week-old female athymic nude mice implanted orthotopically with HTB9 cells, DAB(389)EGF was administered intravesically twice weekly for 2 weeks. The response of the luciferase-expressing HTB9 cells was monitored via bioluminescence as the primary endpoint. RESULTS: Treatment response with DAB(389)EGF was specific and robust, with an IC(50) ranging from 0.5 to 15 ng/mL in eight tested bladder cancer cell lines, but greater than 50 ng/mL in the EGF receptor (EGFR)-negative H520 control cell line. Simulating short-duration intravesical therapy used clinically, a 2-hour treatment exposure of DAB(389)EGF (10 ng/mL) produced clonogenic suppression in three selected bladder cancer cell lines. In vivo, luciferase activity was suppressed in five of six mice treated with DAB(389)EGF [70 muL (1 ng/muL) per mouse], as compared with only one of six mice treated with a control  diphtheria toxin (DT) fusion protein. Histologic assessment of tumor clearance correlated with the bioluminescent changes observed with DAB(389)EGF treatment. Immunocompetent mice treated with intravesical DAB(389)EGF did not show any nonspecific systemic toxicity. CONCLUSIONS: The intravesical delivery of targeted toxin fusion proteins is a novel treatment approach for non-muscle-invasive urinary bladder cancer. With appropriate targeting, the treatments are effective  and well-tolerated in vivo.

 

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[238]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Long-term survival outcomes with intravesical docetaxel for recurrent nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer after previous bacillus Calmette-Guerin therapy.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Urol. 2013 Mar;189(3):834-9. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.10.068. Epub 2012 Oct 30.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.juro.2012.10.068

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Barlow L; McKiernan JM; Benson MC

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York Presbyterian  Hospital, New York, New York 10032, USA. ljb2119@columbia.edu

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: Docetaxel is a safe agent for intravesical therapy. Adding monthly maintenance treatments can extend response durability. We report our cumulative experience with intravesical docetaxel in a larger cohort with extended followup. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 54 patients received salvage intravesical docetaxel for bacillus Calmette-Guerin refractory nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer between 2003 and 2012, including 18 treated during the original phase I trial. All patients received 6 weekly instillations of intravesical docetaxel. After the phase I trial, those with a complete response to induction treatment were offered single dose monthly maintenance treatments for a total of up to 12 months of docetaxel therapy. Recurrence was defined as positive biopsy or urine cytology. Recurrence-free, disease specific and overall survival was determined by Kaplan-Meier analysis. RESULTS: Median followup was 39.1 months. Of the 54 patients 32 (59%) had a complete initial response after induction therapy, including 18 who received additional monthly maintenance treatments. Median time  to recurrence in initial responders treated with vs without docetaxel maintenance was 39.3 vs 19.0 months. One and 3-year recurrence-free survival rates for the entire cohort were 40% and 25%, respectively. Of the 54 patients 17 (24%) underwent radical cystectomy at a median of 24 months of followup. Five-year disease specific and overall survival rates were 85% and 71%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Intravesical docetaxel appears to be a promising agent with significant efficacy and durability for bacillus Calmette-Guerin refractory nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer. Adding maintenance treatments may increase the duration of recurrence-free survival.

 

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[239]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Detection of preoperative wilms tumor rupture with CT: a report from the Children’s Oncology Group.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Radiology. 2013 Feb;266(2):610-7. doi: 10.1148/radiol.12120670. Epub 2012 Nov 28.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1148/radiol.12120670

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Khanna G; Naranjo A; Hoffer F; Mullen E; Geller J; Gratias EJ; Ehrlich PF; Perlman EJ; Rosen N; Grundy P; Dome JS

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 510 S Kingshighway Blvd, Campus Box 8131, St Louis, MO 63110, USA. khannag@mir.wustl.edu

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: To retrospectively determine the diagnostic performance of computed tomography (CT) in identifying the presence or absence of preoperative Wilms tumor rupture. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The cohort was derived from the AREN03B2 study of the Children’s Oncology Group. The study was approved by the institutional review board and was compliant with HIPAA. Written informed consent was obtained before enrollment. The diagnosis of Wilms tumor rupture was established by central review of notes from surgery and/or pathologic examination. Seventy Wilms tumor cases with rupture were matched to 70 Wilms tumor controls without rupture according to age and tumor weight (within 6 months and 50 g, respectively). CT scans were independently reviewed by two radiologists, and the following CT findings were assessed: poorly circumscribed mass, perinephric fat stranding, peritumoral fat planes obscured, retroperitoneal fluid (subcapsular vs extracapsular), ascites beyond the cul-de-sac, peritoneal implants, ipsilateral pleural effusion, and intratumoral hemorrhage. All fluids were classified as hemorrhagic or nonhemorrhagic by using a cutoff of 30 HU. The  relationship between CT findings and rupture was assessed with logistic regression models. RESULTS: The sensitivity and specificity for detecting Wilms tumor rupture were 54% (36 of 67 cases) and 88% (61 of 69 cases), respectively, for reviewer 1 and 70% (47 of 67 cases) and 88% (61 of 69 cases), respectively, for reviewer 2. Interobserver agreement was substantial (k = 0.76). All imaging signs tested, except peritoneal implants, intratumoral hemorrhage, and subcapsular fluid, showed a significant association with rupture (P </= .02). The attenuation of ascitic fluid did not have a significant correlation with rupture  (P = .9990). Ascites beyond the cul-de-sac was the single best indicator of rupture for both reviewers, followed by perinephric fat stranding and retroperitoneal fluid for reviewers 1 and 2, respectively (P < .01). CONCLUSION:  CT has moderate specificity but relatively low sensitivity in the detection of preoperative Wilms tumor rupture. Ascites beyond the cul-de-sac, irrespective of  attenuation, is most predictive of rupture.

 

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[240]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Hepatitis B reactivation in a renal transplant patient due to a surface antigen mutant strain: a case report.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Transplant Proc. 2012 Nov;44(9):2773-5. doi: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2012.09.011.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.transproceed.2012.09.011

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Fylaktou A; Daoudaki M; Dimou V; Sianou E; Papaventsis D; Mavrovouniotis I; Fouzas I; Papanikolaou V

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Immunology, Hippokration General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece. iosfyl@otenet.gr

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - INTRODUCTION: Reactivation of hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a complication of immunosuppressive treatment in patients with a history of HBV exposure. CASE PRESENTATION: Herein we have reported a case of reactivation after renal transplantation in a 52-year-old male chronic HBV carrier who was treated with hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIg) prophylaxis immediately after transplantation in addition to cyclosporine, mycophenolate mofetil and prednisolone for maintenance immunosuppression. After application of rituximab, the patient developed clinical hepatitis with a high load of HBV DNA. Sequence analysis of the surface (S) antigen corresponding to the amino acid residues 101-186 (including the a-determinant region) revealed a genotype D mutant strain, subtype ayw3 with a single amino acid substitution D144E within the S gene. CONCLUSION: This case suggested that immunosuppressive treatment enhanced with rituximab promoted the emergence of an HBV mutant within the determinant region of the S antigen, which escaped HBIg immunoprophylaxis causing HBV reactivation in a kidney transplant recipient.

 

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[241]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Variation in selenoenzyme genes and prostate cancer risk and survival.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Prostate. 2012 Nov 9. doi: 10.1002/pros.22617.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1002/pros.22617

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Geybels MS; Hutter CM; Kwon EM; Ostrander EA; Fu R; Feng Z; Stanford JL; Peters U

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Epidemiology, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: While several studies showed that selenium may prevent prostate cancer (PCa), few studies have evaluated variation in selenoenzyme genes in relation to PCa risk and survival. METHODS: We studied common variants in seven selenoenzymes genes in relation to risk of PCa and PCa-specific mortality (PCSM). In a population-based case-control study of men of European ancestry (1,309 cases, 1,266 controls), we evaluated 35 common, tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in GPX1 (n = 2), GPX2 (n = 4), GPX3 (n = 6), GPX4 (n = 6), SEP15 (n = 4), SEPP1 (n = 6), and TXNRD1 (n = 7) in relation to PCa risk, and among cases, associations between these variants and risk of PCSM. We used logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards regression to estimate the relative risk of PCa and PCSM, respectively. RESULTS: Of the SNPs examined, only  GPX1 rs3448 was associated with overall PCa risk with an odds ratio of 0.62 for TT versus CC (95% confidence interval, 0.44-0.88). SNPs in GPX2, GPX3, GPX4, SEP15, and SEPP1 had different risk estimates for PCa in subgroups based on stage and grade. We observed associations between SNPs in GPX4, and TXNRD1 and risk of  PCSM. None of these associations, however, remained significant after adjustment  for multiple comparisons. CONCLUSIONS: We found evidence that genetic variation in a subset of selenoenzyme genes may alter risk of PCa and PCSM. These results need validation in additional subsets. Prostate © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

 

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[242]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Anti-tumour activity of two novel compounds in cisplatin-resistant testicular germ cell cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Br J Cancer. 2012 Nov 20;107(11):1853-63. doi: 10.1038/bjc.2012.481.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1038/bjc.2012.481

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Nitzsche B; Gloesenkamp C; Schrader M; Hoffmann B; Zengerling F; Balabanov S; Honecker F; Hopfner M

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Institute of Physiology, Charite - Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Campus Charite Mitte, Chariteplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Resistance to cisplatin-based chemotherapy is associated with poor prognosis in testicular germ cell cancer, emphasising the need for new therapeutic approaches. In this respect, the therapeutic concept of anti-angiogenesis is of particular interest. In a previous study, we presented two novel anti-angiogenic compounds, HP-2 and HP-14, blocking the tyrosine kinase activity of angiogenic growth factor receptors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2), and related signalling pathways in testicular cancer. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of these new compounds in platinum-resistant testicular germ cell tumours (TGCTs), in vitro and in vivo. METHODS AND RESULTS: Drug-induced changes in cell proliferation of the cisplatin-sensitive TGCT cell line 2102EP and its cisplatin-resistant counterpart 2102EP-R, both expressing the VEGFR-2, were evaluated by crystal violet staining. Both compounds inhibited the growth of cisplatin-resistant TGCT cells in a dose-dependent manner. In combination experiments with cisplatin, HP-14 revealed  additive growth-inhibitory effects in TGCT cells, irrespective of the level of cisplatin resistance. Anti-angiogenic effects of HP compounds were confirmed by tube formation assays with freshly isolated human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Using TGCT cells inoculated onto the chorioallantoic membrane of fertilised chicken eggs (chicken chorioallantoic membrane assay), the anti-angiogenic and anti-proliferative potency of the novel compounds was also demonstrated in vivo. Gene expression profiling revealed changes in the expression pattern of genes related to DNA damage detection and repair, as well as in chaperone function after treatment with both cisplatin and HP-14, alone or  in combination. This suggests that HP-14 can revert the lost effectiveness of cisplatin in the resistant cells by altering the expression of critical genes. CONCLUSION: The novel compound HP-14 effectively inhibits the growth of cisplatin-resistant TGCT cells and suppresses tumour angiogenesis. Thus, HP-14 may be an interesting new agent that should be further explored for TGCT treatment, especially in TGCTs that are resistant to cisplatin.

 

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[243]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - The effect of cigarette smoke and arsenic exposure on urothelial carcinoma risk is modified by glutathione S-transferase M1 gene null genotype.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2013 Jan 15;266(2):254-9. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2012.11.005. Epub 2012 Nov 15.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.taap.2012.11.005

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Chung CJ; Huang CY; Pu YS; Shiue HS; Su CT; Hsueh YM

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Health Risk Management, College of Public Health, China Medical University, and Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Inter-individual variation in the metabolism of xenobiotics, caused by factors such as cigarette smoking or inorganic arsenic exposure, is hypothesized to be a  susceptibility factor for urothelial carcinoma (UC). Therefore, our study aimed to evaluate the role of gene-environment interaction in the carcinogenesis of UC. A hospital-based case-control study was conducted. Urinary arsenic profiles were  measured using high-performance liquid chromatography-hydride generator-atomic absorption spectrometry. Genotyping was performed using a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique. Information about cigarette smoking exposure was acquired from a lifestyle questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression was applied to estimate the UC risk associated with certain risk factors. We found that UC patients had higher urinary levels of total arsenic, higher percentages of inorganic arsenic (InAs%) and monomethylarsonic acid (MMA%) and lower percentages of dimethylarsinic acid (DMA%) compared to controls. Subjects carrying the GSTM1 null genotype had significantly increased UC risk. However, no association was observed between gene polymorphisms of CYP1A1, EPHX1, SULT1A1 and GSTT1 and UC risk after adjustment for age and sex. Significant gene-environment interactions among urinary arsenic profile, cigarette smoking, and GSTM1 wild/null polymorphism and  UC risk were observed after adjustment for potential risk factors. Overall, gene-environment interactions simultaneously played an important role in UC carcinogenesis. In the future, large-scale studies should be conducted using tag-SNPs of xenobiotic-metabolism-related enzymes for gene determination.

 

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[244]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Supplemental hydrogen sulphide protects transplant kidney function and prolongs recipient survival after prolonged cold ischaemia-reperfusion injury by mitigating renal graft apoptosis and inflammation.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - BJU Int. 2012 Dec;110(11 Pt C):E1187-95. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11526.x. Epub 2012 Nov 16.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11526.x

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Lobb I; Mok A; Lan Z; Liu W; Garcia B; Sener A

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - What’s known on the subject? and What does the study add? Hydrogen sulphide (H(2) S) has recently been classified as a member of the family of small gaseous molecules called gasotransmitters and has been found to have many important physiological functions. Several recent studies have elucidated the protective effects of H(2) S in many models of tissue ischaemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), including hepatic, myocardial, pulmonary, cerebral and renal IRI. It has previously been shown that H(2) S has a number of properties that may contribute  to its protection against IRI, including vasodilatory, anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects, although the specific actions appear  to vary between tissues. The few studies investigating the effects of H(2) S against renal IRI have only involved clamping of the renal pedicle to induce warm IRI. This study investigated the protective effects of H(2) S in the context of renal transplantation (RTx), which generally involves a more severe period of prolonged cold IRI. A previous study investigated the actions of H(2) S in RTx, but it was performed ex vivo and did not involve actual transplantation of donor  kidneys. To our knowledge, this is the first study using a clinically relevant model of RTx to show that treatment of donor kidneys with H(2) S during preservation is protective against prolonged cold IRI. These findings suggest that H(2) S has potential utility in improving clinical organ preservation techniques and increasing the overall success of organ transplantation. OBJECTIVE: * To characterize the effects of hydrogen sulphide (H(2) S), an endogenously produced molecule recently described to have protective effects against warm ischaemic tissue injury, in mitigating transplantation-associated prolonged cold ischaemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) in a clinically applicable in vivo model of renal transplantation (RTx). MATERIALS AND METHODS: * After undergoing bilateral native nephrectomy, Lewis rats underwent RTx with kidneys that were flushed with either cold (4 degrees C) standard University of Wisconsin preservation solution (UW) or cold UW + 150 microM NaHS (H(2) S) solution and stored for 24 h at 4 degrees C in the same solution. * Recipient rats were monitored for a 14-day time course using metabolic cages to assess various characteristics of renal graft function. * Renal grafts were removed at time of death or after the rats were killed for histological, immunohistochemical and quantitative PCR analysis. RESULTS: * H(2) S-treated rats exhibited immediate and significant (P < 0.05) decreases in serum creatinine levels, increased urine output and increased survival compared with UW-treated rats. * H(2) S-treated grafts showed significantly reduced glomerular and tubular necrosis and apoptosis, diminished graft neutrophil and macrophage infiltrates and a trend towards improved inflammatory and anti-apoptotic cytokine profiles. CONCLUSION: * Our results provide the first evidence that supplemental H(2) S can mitigate renal graft IRI incurred during transplantation and prolonged cold storage, improving early graft function and recipient survival in a clinically applicable  model of RTx.

 

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[245]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Vitamin D, season, and risk of prostate cancer: a nested case-control study within Norwegian health studies.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Am J Clin Nutr. 2013 Jan;97(1):147-54. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.112.039222. Epub 2012 Nov 28.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 3945/ajcn.112.039222

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Meyer HE; Robsahm TE; Bjorge T; Brustad M; Blomhoff R

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo,  Norway. h.e.meyer@medisin.uio.no

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: It is biologically plausible that vitamin D might prevent prostate cancer. However, recent meta-analyses concluded that there is no consistent relation between circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations and prostate cancer, and several large studies have actually reported an increased risk of prostate cancer associated with high 25(OH)D. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to assess the prospective relations between serum 25(OH)D, serum retinol, and risk of prostate cancer. DESIGN: In this nested case-control study, Norwegian men who  participated in population-based health studies between 1981 and 1991 were followed with respect to prostate cancer throughout 2006. For each case (n = 2106), a matched control was selected. Stored serum was analyzed for 25(OH)D by using HPLC atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry. RESULTS: We showed a positive relation between an increasing 25(OH)D concentration and prostate cancer risk [rate ratio (RR): 1.15 (95% CI: 1.04, 1.27) per 30-nmol/L increase in 25(OH)D concentration]. Predefined analyses stratified by season showed no relation for subjects with serum collected during winter and spring (RR: 1.00 per 30-nmol/L increase), whereas a strengthened positive association [RR: 1.27 (95% CI: 1.09, 1.47) per 30-nmol/L increase] was observed in men with serum collected during the summer and autumn. There was no relation between serum retinol and prostate cancer. CONCLUSIONS: The cause for increased risk of prostate cancer related to a high 25(OH)D concentration only during the summer and autumn is not obvious. The effect may be related to vitamin D itself or to other factors associated with sun exposure.

 

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[246]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Common genetic variation of the calcium-sensing receptor and lethal prostate cancer risk.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2013 Jan;22(1):118-26. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-12-0670-T. Epub 2012 Nov 2.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1158/1055-9965.EPI-12-0670-T

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Shui IM; Mucci LA; Wilson KM; Kraft P; Penney KL; Stampfer MJ; Giovannucci E

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA. ishui@hsph.harvard.edu

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Bony metastases cause substantial morbidity and mortality from prostate cancer (PCa). The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is expressed on prostate tumors and may participate in bone metastases development. We assessed whether (i) common genetic variation in CaSR was associated with PCa risk and (ii) these associations varied by calcium intake or plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels. METHODS: We included 1,193 PCa cases and 1,244 controls nested  in the prospective Health Professionals Follow-up Study (1993-2004). We genotyped 18 CaSR single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) to capture common variation. The main outcome was risk of lethal PCa (n = 113); secondary outcomes were overall (n = 1,193) and high-grade PCa (n = 225). We used the kernel machine approach to conduct a gene-level multimarker analysis and unconditional logistic regression to compute per-allele ORs and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for individual SNPs.  RESULTS: The joint association of SNPs in CaSR was significant for lethal PCa (P  = 0.04); this association was stronger in those with low 25(OH)D (P = 0.009). No  individual SNPs were associated after considering multiple testing; three SNPs were nominally associated (P < 0.05) with lethal PCa with ORs (95% CI) of 0.65(0.42-0.99): rs6438705; 0.65(0.47-0.89): rs13083990; and 1.55(1.09-2.20): rs2270916. The three nonsynonymous SNPs (rs1801725, rs1042636, and rs1801726) were not significantly associated; however, the association for rs1801725 was stronger in men with low 25(OH)D [OR(95%CI): 0.54(0.31-0.95)]. There were no significant associations with overall or high-grade PCa. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that CaSR may be involved in PCa progression. IMPACT: Further studies investigating potential mechanisms for CaSR and PCa, including bone remodeling and metastases are warranted.

 

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[247]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Accurate risk assessment of patients with asymptomatic hematuria for the presence of bladder cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - World J Urol. 2012 Dec;30(6):847-52. doi: 10.1007/s00345-012-0979-x. Epub 2012 Nov 5.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s00345-012-0979-x

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Cha EK; Tirsar LA; Schwentner C; Hennenlotter J; Christos PJ; Stenzl A; Mian C; Martini T; Pycha A; Shariat SF; Schmitz-Drager BJ

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical College, 525 East 68th St, Starr 900, New York, NY 10065, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: Bladder cancer is frequently diagnosed during a workup for hematuria. However, most patients with microscopic hematuria and many with gross hematuria are not appropriately referred to urologists. We hypothesized that in patients presenting with asymptomatic hematuria the risk of having bladder cancer can be predicted with high accuracy. Toward this end, we analyzed risk factors in patients with asymptomatic hematuria and developed a nomogram for the prediction  of bladder cancer presence. METHODS: Data from 1,182 consecutive subjects without a history of bladder cancer undergoing initial evaluation for asymptomatic hematuria were collected at three centers. Clinical risk factors including age, gender, smoking status, and degree of hematuria were recorded. All subjects underwent standard workup including voided cytology, upper tract imaging, and cystourethroscopy. Factors associated with the presence of bladder cancer were evaluated by univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses. The multivariable analysis was used to construct a nomogram. Internal validation was  performed using 200 bootstrap samples. RESULTS: Of the 1,182 subjects who presented with asymptomatic hematuria, 245 (20.7 %) had bladder cancer. Increasing age (OR = 1.03, p < 0.0001), smoking history (OR = 3.72, p < 0.0001),  gross hematuria (OR = 1.71, p = 0.002), and positive cytology (OR = 14.71, p < 0.0001) were independent predictors of bladder cancer presence. The multivariable model achieved 83.1 % accuracy for predicting the presence of bladder cancer. CONCLUSIONS: Bladder cancer presence can be predicted with high accuracy in patients who present with asymptomatic hematuria. We developed a nomogram to help optimize referral patterns (i.e., timing and prioritization) of patients with asymptomatic hematuria.

 

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[248]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Dose-distance metric that predicts late rectal bleeding in patients receiving radical prostate external-beam radiotherapy.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Phys Med Biol. 2012 Dec 21;57(24):8297-307. doi: 10.1088/0031-9155/57/24/8297. Epub 2012 Nov 29.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1088/0031-9155/57/24/8297

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Lee R; Chan EK; Kosztyla R; Liu M; Moiseenko V

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Radiation Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver Centre, 600 West 10th Ave, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4E6, Canada.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - The relationship between rectal dose distribution and the incidence of late rectal complications following external-beam radiotherapy has been previously studied using dose-volume histograms or dose-surface histograms. However, they do not account for the spatial dose distribution. This study proposes a metric based on both surface dose and distance that can predict the incidence of rectal bleeding in prostate cancer patients treated with radical radiotherapy. One hundred and forty-four patients treated with radical radiotherapy for prostate cancer were prospectively followed to record the incidence of grade >/=2 rectal bleeding. Radiotherapy plans were used to evaluate a dose-distance metric that accounts for the dose and its spatial distribution on the rectal surface, characterized by a logistic weighting function with slope a and inflection point  d(0). This was compared to the effective dose obtained from dose-surface histograms, characterized by the parameter n which describes sensitivity to hot spots. The log-rank test was used to determine statistically significant (p < 0.05) cut-off values for the dose-distance metric and effective dose that predict for the occurrence of rectal bleeding. For the dose-distance metric, only d(0) =  25 and 30 mm combined with a > 5 led to statistical significant cut-offs. For the effective dose metric, only values of n in the range 0.07-0.35 led to statistically significant cut-offs. The proposed dose-distance metric is a predictor of rectal bleeding in prostate cancer patients treated with radiotherapy. Both the dose-distance metric and the effective dose metric indicate that the incidence of grade >/=2 rectal bleeding is sensitive to localized damage to the rectal surface.

 

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[249]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Reproductive organ involvement in female patients undergoing radical cystectomy for urothelial bladder cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Urol. 2012 Dec;188(6):2134-8. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.08.024. Epub 2012 Oct 18.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.juro.2012.08.024

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Djaladat H; Bruins HM; Miranda G; Cai J; Skinner EC; Daneshmand S

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: We evaluated pathological involvement of the reproductive organs in a cohort of female patients treated with anterior pelvic exenteration for invasive  urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 2,098 patients with bladder cancer underwent cystectomy at our institution between 1971 and 2008, including 458 females, of whom 411 had urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. Median followup was 12.2 years (range 0.1 to 35.5). We reviewed the clinicopathological features of female patients treated with cystectomy who had pathological reproductive organ involvement. Recurrence-free and overall survival is reported using Kaplan-Meier survival curves. RESULTS: Of 411 patients with urothelial carcinoma of the bladder 267 underwent reproductive organ removal with cystectomy. A total of 20 patients (7.5%) had reproductive organ involvement, including 10 (3.8%) with vaginal, 2 (0.7%) with cervical and 1 (0.3%) with uterine involvement only, while the remaining 7 (2.6%) had multiple reproductive  organs involved. Median age was 71 years. Clinical stage T4a was diagnosed in 25% of cases. A palpable mass, hydronephrosis (each p <0.001) and positive lymph nodes at anterior pelvic exenteration (p = 0.001) were associated with reproductive organ involvement. Recurrence developed in 14 patients (70%) at a median of 7 months (range 1 to 22). Five-year recurrence-free and overall survival rates were 14.9% and 8.8%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The risk of reproductive organ involvement in female patients who undergo anterior pelvic exenteration for urothelial carcinoma of the bladder was about 7.5% with the vagina the most commonly involved organ. A palpable mass and hydronephrosis were  among the preoperative clinical factors associated with reproductive organ involvement. The prognosis is poor in patients with reproductive organ involvement.

 

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[250]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Cross-talk of alpha tocopherol-associated protein and JNK controls the oxidative  stress-induced apoptosis in prostate cancer cells.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Int J Cancer. 2013 May 15;132(10):2270-82. doi: 10.1002/ijc.27927. Epub 2012 Nov  28.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1002/ijc.27927

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Zhu B; Li X; Zhang Y; Ye C; Wang Y; Cai S; Huang H; Cai Y; Yeh S; Huang Z; Chen R; Tao Y; Wen X

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Excess intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) beyond a threshold can induce  apoptosis in cancer cells. However, the signal pathways that can augment the proapoptotic function of ROS remain largely unknown. We previously identified a tumor suppressor, alpha-tocopherol-associated protein (TAP), yet little is known  regarding the role of TAP in the apoptotic signaling in prostate cancer. Interestingly, we recently found that exposure of prostate cancer cells to hydrogen peroxide (H O ) resulted in induced apoptosis as well as increased expression of TAP. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) mediated silencing of endogenous TAP expression conferred effective protection from H O -induced apoptosis. Further mechanistic study showed exposure of prostate cancer cells to H O resulted in increased phosphorylation of both JNK and c-Jun, and TAP siRNA effectively decreased H O -induced JNK and c-Jun phosphorylation. Immunoprecipitation experiments revealed that JNK physically associates with TAP. Furthermore, signaling downstream of JNK to the AP-1 complex and BH-3-only subfamily were found to be regulated on changing the TAP expression status. TAP could also promote the oxidative stress-induced apoptosis effect of docetaxel. In the mice xenograft model, H O treatment induced TAP expression, JNK phosphorylation and apoptosis of prostate cancer. Recombinant adeno-associated virus 2 (rAAV2)-TAP injection significantly sensitizes this H O proapoptotic effect. Together, we have identified a novel functional mechanism that the cross-talk of TAP-JNK is involved in oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in prostate cancer cells. Disrupting the redox balance of cancer cells by this signaling may enable therapeutic selectivity and provide benefit to overcome the  drug resistance of prostate cancer.

 

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[251]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - The Clinical Significance of PCDH10 Promoter Methylation in Patients with Bladder Transitional Cell Carcinoma.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Urol Int. 2013;90(2):219-24. doi: 10.1159/000345053. Epub 2012 Nov 16.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1159/000345053

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Lin YL; Li ZG; Guan TY

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Xuzhou Tumor Hospital (Xuzhou Third People’s Hospital), Xuzhou, China.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Objective: To investigate the clinical significance of PCDH10 (protocadherin 10)  promoter methylation in patients with bladder transitional cell carcinoma (TCC).  Materials and Methods: 107 samples of bladder TCC and 38 normal bladder epithelial tissues were investigated using methylation-specific PCR, and the relationships between PCDH10 methylation and clinicopathologic features as well as patients’ outcome were analyzed. Results: PCDH10 methylation was detected in 63 (58.9%) bladder TCC samples, but no methylation of PCDH10 was found in controls. Moreover, PCDH10 methylation was significantly associated with larger tumor size (p = 0.0074), non-papillary shape (p = 0.0268), tumor relapse (p = 0.0029), high grade (p = 0.0397), advanced stage (p = 0.0004) and poor prognosis  (p = 0.0009). In addition, multivariate analysis indicated that PCDH10 methylation is independently associated with poor outcome and may be used as a useful independent prognostic factor (p = 0.0255). Conclusions: PCDH10 methylation is closely associated with malignancy of bladder TCC and may be used  as an independent predictor for patients with bladder TCC.

 

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[252]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Genetic variants in the integrin gene predicted microRNA-binding sites were associated with the risk of prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Mol Carcinog. 2012 Oct 12. doi: 10.1002/mc.21973.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1002/mc.21973

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Liu J; Huang J; He Y; Liu J; Liao B; Liao G

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, West China School of Medicine/West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan Province, P.R. China.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - microRNAs (miRNA) silence target genes through Watson-Crick based binding to the  3’untranslated regions (3’UTR). Thus, polymorphisms in the miRNA-binding sites may disrupt this process and play a potential role in cancer pathogenesis. Integrins have been implicated in the genesis and development of many tumors. This study was designed to evaluate the association between five SNP loci in predicted miRNA-binding sites in five integrin genes and prostate cancer occurrence and prognosis to provide data for screening high-risk Chinese Han individuals. These five polymorphisms were genotyped by using the high-resolution melting method (HRM) in 347 Chinese Han prostate cancer patients with long-time follow-up together with 367 age-matched healthy controls. GC carriers of rs11902171 in ITGAv were associated with a decreased risk of prostate cancer (OR  0.57, 95% CI 0.35-0.93). However, no significant difference was detected in genotype distributions of the five SNP loci in the progression-free survival time of prostate cancer. The ITGAv gene SNP rs11902171 may be potentially associated with the risk of prostate cancer. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

 

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[253]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Chromosome damage and cell proliferation rates in in vitro irradiated whole blood as markers of late radiation toxicity after radiation therapy to the prostate.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2013 Apr 1;85(5):1346-52. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2012.09.026. Epub 2012 Nov 14.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.ijrobp.2012.09.026

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Beaton LA; Ferrarotto C; Marro L; Samiee S; Malone S; Grimes S; Malone K; Wilkins RC

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Environmental and Radiation Health Sciences Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Electronic address: Lindsay.Beaton@hc-sc.gc.ca.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: In vitro irradiated blood samples from prostate cancer patients showing  late normal tissue damage were examined for lymphocyte response by measuring chromosomal aberrations and proliferation rate. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Patients were selected from a randomized trial evaluating the optimal timing of dose-escalated radiation and short-course androgen deprivation therapy. Of 438 patients, 3% experienced grade 3 late radiation proctitis and were considered to  be radiosensitive. Blood samples were taken from 10 of these patients along with  20 matched samples from patients with grade 0 proctitis. The samples were irradiated at 6 Gy and, along with control samples, were analyzed for dicentric chromosomes and excess fragments per cell. Cells in first and second metaphase were also enumerated to determine the lymphocyte proliferation rate. RESULTS: At  6 Gy, there were statistically significant differences between the radiosensitive and control cohorts for 3 endpoints: the mean number of dicentric chromosomes per cell (3.26 +/- 0.31, 2.91 +/- 0.32; P=.0258), the mean number of excess fragments per cell (2.27 +/- 0.23, 1.43 +/- 0.37; P<.0001), and the proportion of cells in  second metaphase (0.27 +/- 0.10, 0.46 +/- 0.09; P=.0007). CONCLUSIONS: These results may be a valuable indicator for identifying radiosensitive patients and for tailoring radiation therapy.

 

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[254]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Using the Epigenetic Field Defect to Detect Prostate Cancer in Biopsy Negative Patients.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Urol. 2012 Nov 15. pii: S0022-5347(12)05568-1. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.11.074.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.juro.2012.11.074

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Truong M; Yang B; Livermore A; Wagner J; Weeratunga P; Huang W; Dhir R; Nelson J; Lin DW; Jarrard DF

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: We determined whether a novel combination of field defect DNA methylation markers could predict the presence of prostate cancer using histologically normal transrectal ultrasound guided biopsy cores. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Methylation was assessed using quantitative Pyrosequencing® in a training set consisting of 65 nontumor and tumor associated prostate tissues from University of Wisconsin. A multiplex model was generated using multivariate logistic regression and externally validated in blinded fashion in a set of 47 nontumor and tumor associated biopsy specimens from University of Washington. RESULTS: We observed robust methylation differences in all genes at all CpGs assayed (p <0.0001). Regression models incorporating individual genes (EVX1, CAV1 and FGF1) and a gene combination (EVX1 and FGF1) discriminated nontumor from tumor associated tissues in the original training set (AUC 0.796-0.898, p <0.001). On external validation uniplex models incorporating EVX1, CAV1 or FGF1 discriminated tumor from nontumor associated biopsy negative specimens (AUC 0.702, 0.696 and 0.658, respectively, p <0.05). A multiplex model (EVX1 and FGF1) identified patients with prostate cancer (AUC 0.774, p = 0.001) and had a negative predictive value of 0.909. Comparison between 2 separate cores in patients in this validation set revealed similar methylation defects, indicating  detection of a widespread field defect. CONCLUSIONS: A widespread epigenetic field defect can be used to detect prostate cancer in patients with histologically negative biopsies. To our knowledge this assay is unique, in that  it detects alterations in nontumor cells. With further validation this marker combination (EVX1 and FGF1) has the potential to decrease the need for repeat prostate biopsies, a procedure associated with cost and complications.

 

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[255]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Investigation of optimal prostate biopsy schemes for Chinese patients with different clinical characteristics.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Urol Int. 2012;89(4):425-32. doi: 10.1159/000341694. Epub 2012 Oct 11.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1159/000341694

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Chen MK; Luo Y; Zhang H; Lu MH; Pang J; Gao X

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: To investigate the optimal schemes of prostate biopsy according to prostate volume (PV), age and transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) status in Chinese men. METHODS: 923 consecutive patients who underwent initial TRUS-guided systematic 12-core prostate biopsy (12PBx) were enrolled in this study. The 12PBx was obtained by overlapping of conventional sextant, lateral base, mid-gland of peripheral zone and apex. Each sample was individually marked and inked before fixation. Patients were divided into 8 subgroups on the basis of independent risk factors investigated using logistic regression model. Subsequently, 12PBx was defined as self-control for the analysis of biopsy schemes (6-, 8- and 10PBx) on  individual core basis. The prostate cancer detection rates (CDRs) of 6-, 8-, 10-  and 12PBx were compared for each individual subgroup. RESULTS: The 12PBx detected 253 (27.4%) cases of prostate cancer (PCa), of which 67.2, 47.1 and 61.3% were located in the base, mid-gland and apex, respectively. Multivariate analysis indicated that age, TRUS status and PV were independent risk factors for PCa detection. CDR increased with increasing biopsy cores. However, for patients with age >/=65 years, positive TRUS and PV <38.5 cm(3), CDR of 8PBx (30.6%) was similar to 10PBx (32.2%) and 12PBx (32.2%); for patients with age >/=65 years, negative TRUS and PV <38.5 cm(3) or ones with age >/=65 years, positive TRUS and  PV >/=38.5 cm(3), 10PBx was as effective as 12PBx in detecting PCa (27.8, 27.5 vs. 28.9, 29.3%, respectively). CONCLUSION: Age, TRUS status and PV were independent risk factors for PCa detection. Traditional sextant biopsy is not recommended. 8-, 10-, or 12PBx as an individual biopsy scheme might be adopted according to these risk factors for Chinese patients.

 

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[256]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Postchemotherapy Laparoscopic Retroperitoneal Lymph Node Dissection for Low-volume, Stage II, Nonseminomatous Germ Cell Tumor: First 100 Patients.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Eur Urol. 2012 Sep 24. pii: S0302-2838(12)01104-9. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2012.09.036.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.eururo.2012.09.036

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Steiner H; Leonhartsberger N; Stoehr B; Peschel R; Pichler R

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria. Electronic address: hannes.steiner@uki.at.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) is indicated after chemotherapy in case of radiologic incomplete remission or teratomatous elements  in orchiectomy specimens. Open RPLND is associated with considerable morbidity, but technical difficulty of postchemotherapy laparoscopic RPLND (L-RPLND) can be  significant; therefore, literature concerning pc L-RPLND is sparse. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate feasibility and long-term oncologic outcome of postchemotherapy L-RPLND  for clinical stage II disease at a single institution. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Records of patients with nonseminomatous germ cell tumor who underwent postchemotherapy L-RPLND between 1993 and 2010 were retrospectively reviewed. Unilateral template resection was used until a bilateral nerve-sparing  approach was introduced in 2004. Follow-up investigations were performed at 3-mo  intervals for the first 3 yr, every 6 mo for the next 2 yr, and annually thereafter. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: This was a descriptive analysis. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: The study cohort comprised 100 patients with stage II retroperitoneal disease (stage IIC: n=16; IIB: n=68; IIA with persisting tumor marker: n=16). Mean diameter of retroperitoneal masses before and after chemotherapy was 3.5cm and 1.4cm, respectively. Unilateral and bilateral templates were resected in 71 and 29 patients, respectively. Surgery was successfully completed in all but one patient, whose procedure was converted to open surgery due to bleeding. Mean operation time for unilateral and bilateral resection was 241 and 343min, respectively. Mean blood loss was 84ml. Postoperative complications were a large lymphocele in one patient and chylous ascites in another. Mean postoperative hospital stay was 3.9 d. L-RPLND specimens showed teratoma in 38 patients and active tumor in 2 patients. During a mean follow-up of 74 mo, one patient recurred. No recurrence was observed inside the applied surgical field. No patient died of tumor progression. After bilateral nerve-sparing postchemotherapy L-RPLND, 95.2% of patients reported antegrade ejaculation. CONCLUSIONS: Postchemotherapy L-RPLND performed by experienced hands is feasible and associated with low morbidity and high oncologic efficacy.

 

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[257]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Predicting mortality in microscopic polyangiitis with renal involvement: a survival analysis based on 64 patients.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Ren Fail. 2013;35(1):82-7. doi: 10.3109/0886022X.2012.736069. Epub 2012 Oct 30.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 3109/0886022X.2012.736069

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Wang Q; Mou S; Xu W; Qi C; Ni Z

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Renal Division, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: To determine predictors of survival in patients with microscopic polyangiitis (MPA). METHODS: A cohort of 64 patients who met the Chapel Hill criteria for MPA with renal involvement participated in the study. All subjects received cytotoxic drugs. All of the diagnoses were biopsy proven. RESULTS: We retrospectively studied 64 patients (median age, 59 years; male/female ratio, 1.6:1). The mean follow-up was 38 months; 34 (53.13%) patients died or acquired end-stage renal disease. According to univariate analysis, a preliminary prognostic value was attributed to serum creatinine (Scr) > 459 mumol/L (p < 0.001); erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) > 99 mm/h (p < 0.001); serum albumin < 30 g/L (p < 0.001); and hemoglobin < 84 g/L (p < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that Scr level (beta = 1.02, p = 0.0002) and ESR (beta = 1.02, p  = 0.0002) at baseline were associated with poor prognosis, and Cox regression analysis further confirmed this result [Scr: beta = 1.004, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.002-1.006, p < 0.001; ESR: beta = 1.018, 95% CI: 1.000-1.037, p  = 0.046]. The receiver operating characteristic curve showed that Scr and ESR were predictors of MPA patient prognosis, their areas under the curves were 0.95  and 0.80, their sensitivities were 94.1% and 92.3%, and their specificities were  94% and 70%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Despite the small number of patients in this study, the prevalence of renal vasculitis was high in patients with MPA. The level of Scr and ESR may be a useful clinical biomarker for monitoring prognosis.

 

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[258]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Inhibitor of differentiation 1 (Id1) and Id3 proteins play different roles in TGFbeta effects on cell proliferation and migration in prostate cancer cells.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Prostate. 2013 May;73(6):624-33. doi: 10.1002/pros.22603. Epub 2012 Oct 11.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1002/pros.22603

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Strong N; Millena AC; Walker L; Chaudhary J; Khan SA

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, Georgia.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: In prostate cancer cells, transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta) inhibits proliferation in earlier stages of the disease; however, the cancer cells become refractory to growth inhibitory effects in advanced stages where TGFbeta promotes cancer progression and metastasis. Inhibitor of differentiation  (Id) family of closely related proteins (Id1-Id4) are dominant negative regulators and basic helix loop helix (bHLH) transcription factors and in general promote proliferation, and inhibit differentiation. In the present study, we have investigated the role of Id1 and Id3 proteins in the growth inhibitory effects of TGFbeta on prostate cancer cells. METHODS: The effect of TGF beta on proliferation and Id1 and Id3 expression were investigated in PZ-HPV7, DU145, and PC3 cells. Id1 silencing through siRNA was also used in DU145 and PC3 cells to examine its role in anti-proliferative and migratory effects of TGFbeta. RESULTS: TGFbeta increased expression of Id1 and Id3 in all cell lines followed by a later down regulation of Id1 in PZ-HPV7 expression and DU145 cells but not in PC3 cells. Id3 expression remained elevated in all three cell lines. This loss of Id1 protein correlated with an increase of CDKNI p21. Id1 knockdown in both DU145 and PC3 cells resulted in decreased proliferation. However, while TGFbeta caused a further decrease in proliferation of DU145, but had no further effects in PC3 cells. Knockdown of Id1 or Id3 inhibited TGFbeta1induced migration in PC3 cells.  CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest an essential role of Id1 and Id3 in TGFbeta1  effects on proliferation and migration in prostate cancer cells. Prostate 73: 624-633, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

 

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[259]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Histologic criteria and pitfalls in the diagnosis of lymphovascular invasion in radical prostatectomy specimens.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Am J Surg Pathol. 2012 Dec;36(12):1865-73. doi: 10.1097/PAS.0b013e318262c3d0.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1097/PAS.0b013e318262c3d0

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Kryvenko ON; Epstein JI

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Pathology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Lymphovascular invasion is a known independent prognostic factor in prostate cancer. The objective of this study is to describe reliable morphologic features  for identification of lymphovascular invasion in prostatectomy specimens and avoid misinterpretation of its mimickers. A total of 364 foci of lymphovascular invasion were analyzed in 264 slides from 170 prostatectomies. The average tumor  volume was 25.5%. Tumor emboli were seen inside the tumor (8%), at the front edge of the tumor (30%), separated from the tumor (32%), and distant from the tumor (30%). Tumor emboli were more frequent per case and more often in an extraprostatic location in lymph node-positive cases (P<0.05). One hundred thirty-four emboli were in a single thin-walled vessel, 227 were in a thin-walled vessel next to an artery, and 3 were seen inside an artery. Twenty-eight tumor emboli were attached to a vessel wall, 18 had proteinaceous material in the vascular lumen, and 14 were surrounded by erythrocytes. The following mimickers were seen: retraction artifact and perineural invasion-all cases; cancer impinging upon vascular space-45 foci; tangential sections of endothelium-10 foci; displacement of benign and collapsed malignant glands-16 and 27 foci, respectively; retraction with erythrocytes-3 cases; intravascular degenerating tumor cells-3 foci; malignant glands in atrophic ducts-4 foci; and myofibroblastic proliferation in thrombosed vessels-2 foci. In 50 stained blocks, CD31 and D2-40 immunostaining studies confirmed all lymphovascular invasions diagnosed by hematoxylin and eosin staining and demonstrated emboli in 47 lymphatic and 16 blood vessels. In summary, the current study identifies features of true lymphovascular invasion and how to distinguish them from mimickers on routine hematoxylin and eosin sections.

 

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[260]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Contemporary role of systematic prostate biopsies: indications, techniques, and implications for patient care.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Eur Urol. 2013 Feb;63(2):214-30. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2012.09.033. Epub 2012 Sep 25.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.eururo.2012.09.033

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Ukimura O; Coleman JA; de la Taille A; Emberton M; Epstein JI; Freedland SJ; Giannarini G; Kibel AS; Montironi R; Ploussard G; Roobol MJ; Scattoni V; Jones JS

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Institute of Urology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA. ukimura@usc.edu

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - CONTEXT: Prostate cancer (PCa) screening to detect early stage PCa has resulted in increased identification of small-volume, low-grade PCa, many of which meet criteria for clinically indolent disease. Nevertheless, there remains some degree of underdetection of high-risk PCa in substantial numbers of men despite current  diagnostic strategies. OBJECTIVE: To discuss the contemporary role of prostate biopsy (PB), focusing on the indications, techniques, and limitations of current  PB techniques and evolving techniques affecting patient care. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: A comprehensive Medline search was performed using the medical subject heading search terms prostate cancer, detection, prostate biopsy, significant cancer, and diagnosis, with restriction to the English language. Emphasis was given to publications within the past 5 yr. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: Because abnormal digital rectal examination (DRE) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) tests alone lack specificity for cancer, there is no universal indication for PB. This lack has inspired exploration for a cancer-specific biomarker and prediction tools such as risk calculators. Indication for biopsy should involve a balance between the underdiagnosis of high-risk cancers and the potential risks for the overdetection of clinically insignificant cancers as well as biopsy-related morbidity. Evidence supports the inclusion of laterally directed cores during transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) PB in addition to the traditional sextant pattern, which significantly improves cancer detection without a demonstrable increase in morbidity. These data indicate that such PB templates, typically 12 cores, represent the optimal template in initial PB. Optimised techniques and templates for repeat PB remain controversial. However, debate continues regarding indications, sampling number, and location as well as on the  potential of modern image-guided approaches or three-dimensional (3D) mapping biopsy in this unique setting. Additional limitations of repeat PB techniques include associated procedural risks if general anaesthesia is required and inherent sampling errors of template-based techniques that are not targeted to the specific tumour site. CONCLUSIONS: Current data support the utility of extended PB templates for initial TRUS PB intended to detect clinically significant PCa. Repeat PB in the setting of prior negative PB on the grounds of  clinical suspicion or for risk-stratified approaches to management of low risk PCa requires balancing overdetection of low-risk cancer with the potential to miss significant cancer. Several options, including modern image-guided targeting, biomarker development, transrectal saturation PB, and 3D template mapping PB, are changing the clinical paradigms for evaluation and management. Evidence to support adopting approaches other than the current established standards should be tested through appropriately designed prospective studies.

 

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[261]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Contemporary grading for prostate cancer: implications for patient care.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Eur Urol. 2013 May;63(5):892-901. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2012.10.015. Epub 2012 Oct 17.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.eururo.2012.10.015

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Brimo F; Montironi R; Egevad L; Erbersdobler A; Lin DW; Nelson JB; Rubin MA; van der Kwast T; Amin M; Epstein JI

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Departments of Pathology and Urology, McGill University Health Center, Quebec, Canada. Electronic address: fadi.brimo@muhc.mcgill.ca.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - CONTEXT: The Gleason grading system is one of the most powerful predictors of outcome in prostate cancer and a cornerstone in counseling and treating patients. Since its inception, it has undergone several modifications triggered by a change in clinical practice and a better understanding of the cancer’s histologic spectrum and variants and their prognostic significance. OBJECTIVE: To provide an overview of the implementation and the impact of the Gleason system as a predictive and prognostic tool in all available treatment modalities, and to compare the original and modified Gleason systems in major pathologic and clinical outcome data sets. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: A comprehensive nonsystematic Medline search was performed using multiple Medical Subject Headings such as Gleason, modified, system, outcome, biopsy, prostatectomy, recurrence, prognosis, radiotherapy, and focal therapy, with restriction to the English language and a preference for publications within the last 10 yr. All Gleason grade-related studies in the last 3 yr were reviewed. For studies before this date, we relied on prior culling of the literature for various recent books, chapters, and original articles on this topic. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: Using the modified grading system resulted in disease upgrading with more cancers assigned a Gleason score >/=7 than in the past. It also resulted in a more homogeneous Gleason score 6, which has an excellent prognosis when the disease is organ confined. The vast majority of studies using both systems showed that Gleason grading of adenocarcinomas on needle biopsies and radical prostatectomies was strongly associated with pathologic stage, status of surgical margins, metastatic disease, biochemical recurrence, and cancer-specific survival, with the modified system outperforming the original one in some large series. A description of the continuous incorporation of this parameter in the clinical decision making for treating prostate cancer using all currently used treatment modalities is presented, and the findings of studies before and after the inception of the modified grading system, if available, are compared. The proposed contemporary grading prognostic categories are 3+3, 3+4, 4+3, 8, and 9-10. CONCLUSIONS: The Gleason score is one of the most critical predictive factors of prostate cancer regardless of the therapy used. Modernization of the Gleason grading system has resulted in a more accurate grading system for radical prostatectomy (RP) but has complicated the comparison of data before and after the updating. A better prognostication with the updated Gleason grading system for patients treated with modalities other than surgery can only be postulated at this time because there are limited conflicting data on radiation and no studies on other treatment modalities. Its greatest impact is the uniformly excellent prognosis associated with Gleason score 6 in RPs.

 

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[262]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Gefitinib inhibits the cross-talk between mesenchymal stem cells and prostate cancer cells leading to tumor cell proliferation and inhibition of docetaxel activity.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Cell Biochem. 2013 May;114(5):1135-44. doi: 10.1002/jcb.24456.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1002/jcb.24456

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Borghese C; Cattaruzza L; Pivetta E; Normanno N; De Luca A; Mazzucato M; Celegato M; Colombatti A; Aldinucci D

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Experimental Oncology 2, C.R.O. National Cancer Institute-IRCCS, Aviano, Italy.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Increasing evidence suggests that bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) are recruited into the stroma of developing tumors where they contribute to progression by enhancing tumor growth and metastasis, or by inducing anticancer-drug resistance. Prostate cancer cells secrete ligands of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and EGFR signaling could play an important role in the cross-talk between mesenchymal stem cells and prostate cancer cells. In this study, we showed that treatment of human primary MSCs with  conditioned medium (CM) derived from the bone metastatic PC3 carcinoma cells (PC3-CM) resulted in: a significant activation of EGFR; increased proliferation;  increased osteoblastic but decreased adipocitic differentiation; inhibition of senescence induced by serum starvation; increased CCL5 secretion. These activities were significantly inhibited in the presence of the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor gefitinib. PC3-CM directly inhibited osteoclastogenesis as well  as the ability of osteoblasts to induce osteoclast differentiation. The increased MSCs migration by PC3-CM and PC3 cells was partially mediated by CCL5. MSC-CM increased the formation of colonies by PC3 cells and inhibited the anti-proliferative activity of Docetaxel. Activation of EGFR expressed on MSCs by PC3-CM enhanced their capability to increase PC3 cells proliferation and to inhibit Docetaxel activity. These findings, by showing that the tumor-promoting interactions between PC3 cells and MSCs are mediated, at least in part, by EGFR,  suggest a novel application of the EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors in the treatment of prostate cancer. J. Cell. Biochem. 114: 1135-1144, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

 

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[263]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Androgen receptor primes prostate cancer cells to apoptosis through down-regulation of basal p21 expression.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2013 Jan 4;430(1):289-93. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.10.135. Epub 2012 Nov 15.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.bbrc.2012.10.135

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Lin Y; Lu Z; Kokontis J; Xiang J

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Biology Division, Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, United States.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - The androgen receptor (AR) for the male hormone androgen plays an important role  in regulation of cell survival or death depending on the nature of cellular context and extracellular stimuli. The pro-survival function of AR is mediated mainly by transcriptional regulation of its target genes. By contrast, the pro-death function of AR can be transcription-dependent or -independent, although the underlying mechanism of the latter is incompletely understood. Here we report that, in androgen-independent prostate cancer cells, AR promotes UV-induced apoptosis through down-regulation of basal expression of p21 independently of its transcriptional activity. Down-regulation of basal p21 expression depends on AR N-terminal interacting protein PIRH2, an E3 ligase for proteasomal degradation of p53. Silencing of PIRH2 up-regulates p53, which in turn activates p21 transcription. Consistent with this, knockdown of PIRH2 suppresses UV-induced AR-dependent apoptosis. Our data suggest that AR primes androgen-independent prostate cancer cells to DNA damage-induced apoptosis through the PIRH2-p53-p21 axis.

 

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[264]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Best allograft survival from share-35 kidney donors occurs in middle-aged adults  and young children-an analysis of OPTN data.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Transplantation. 2013 Jan 27;95(2):319-25. doi: 10.1097/TP.0b013e3182719203.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1097/TP.0b013e3182719203

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Moudgil A; Dharnidharka VR; Lamb KE; Meier-Kriesche HU

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Children National Medical Center, Washington, DC 20010, USA. amoudgil@childrensnational.org

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: On October 2005, the Organ Procurement and Transplant Network implemented a new allocation policy for kidney transplants (KTX) from deceased donors (DD) ages <35 years to increase an access to transplantation from young donors for pediatric (ages <18 years) recipients, which is known as Share-35 (S35). However, many of these kidneys were allocated to adult recipients. The intent of this study was to analyze the graft outcomes from S35 kidneys in pediatric and adult recipients, stratified further by recipient age, to assess if recipient age affects the outcome from these presumably ideal kidneys. METHODS: The Organ Procurement and Transplant Network database from October 2005 to November 2010 involving 18,461 S35-KTX was used to calculate cumulative graft survival (CGS), death-censored graft survival, and patient survival using Kaplan-Meier estimates. The differences between survival curves were tested for significance by log-rank method after adjusting for various donor, recipient, and transplant-associated variables. RESULTS: With S35 implementation, children received a higher proportion of DD ages <35 years. Within the pediatric age group, adolescents (ages 13-17 years) had the worst CGS. Among adults, the highest CGS was obtained in middle-aged adults, whereas young adults (ages 18-25  years) showed worse CGS. CGS in young children (ages <12 years) was comparable with those in middle-aged adults. In older adults (ages >55 years), CGS was lowered by higher patient death rates. CONCLUSIONS: Recipient age affects allograft survival from high-quality young DD kidneys, such as S35 kidneys. Best  survival occurs in middle-aged adults and in children ages <12 years, whereas adolescents and young adults do not derive an optimal benefit.

 

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[265]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Livin expression may be regulated by miR-198 in human prostate cancer cell lines.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Eur J Cancer. 2013 Feb;49(3):734-40. doi: 10.1016/j.ejca.2012.08.029. Epub 2012 Oct 13.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.ejca.2012.08.029

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Ye L; Li S; Ye D; Yang D; Yue F; Guo Y; Chen X; Chen F; Zhang J; Song X

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Livin has been recently described as an inhibitor of apoptosis, which is established to be associated with a variety of cancers. Metastatic prostate cancer cell line DU145 expresses high level of Livin mRNA yet low level of its protein. Thus, we hypothesised that Livin was regulated by some miRNAs in prostate cancer cells. Livin mRNA and protein expression were investigated by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot, respectively. Hairpin RT-PCR was performed to analyse suspected miRNAs. Livin 3’-untranslated region (3’-UTR) wild type and mutant dual-luciferase reporter vectors were constructed. The miRNAs targeting Livin were predicted by the online software - TargetScan and miRBase, and then validated by dual luciferase reporter gene assay. We found that post-transcriptional inhibition of Livin occurred in DU145 cells, assumedly due to the miRNA pathway. Among 6 candidate miRNAs, miR-198 expression was identified to be negatively correlated with Livin expression level in some prostate cancer cell lines. Further study revealed miR-198-mediated repression of Livin expression. Therefore, the regulation of Livin expression may involve miR-198 in prostate cancer cell lines.

 

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[266]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Potent activity of the Hsp90 inhibitor ganetespib in prostate cancer cells irrespective of androgen receptor status or variant receptor expression.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Int J Oncol. 2013 Jan;42(1):35-43. doi: 10.3892/ijo.2012.1698. Epub 2012 Nov 14.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 3892/ijo.2012.1698

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - He S; Zhang C; Shafi AA; Sequeira M; Acquaviva J; Friedland JC; Sang J; Smith DL; Weigel NL; Wada Y; Proia DA

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Synta Pharmaceuticals Corp., Lexington, MA 02421, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Androgen ablation therapy represents the first line of therapeutic intervention in men with advanced or recurrent prostate tumors. However, the incomplete efficacy and lack of durable response to this clinical strategy highlights an urgent need for alternative treatment options to improve patient outcomes. Targeting the molecular chaperone heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) represents a potential avenue for therapeutic intervention as its inhibition results in the coordinate blockade of multiple oncogenic signaling pathways in cancer cells. Moreover, Hsp90 is essential for the stability and function of numerous client proteins, a number of which have been causally implicated in the pathogenesis of  prostate cancer, including the androgen receptor (AR). Here, we examined the preclinical activity of ganetespib, a small molecule inhibitor of Hsp90, in a panel of prostate cancer cell lines. Ganetespib potently decreased viability in all lines, irrespective of their androgen sensitivity or receptor status, and more effectively than the ansamycin inhibitor 17-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-AAG). Interestingly, while ganetespib  exposure decreased AR expression and activation, the constitutively active V7 truncated isoform of the receptor was unaffected by Hsp90 inhibition. Mechanistically, ganetespib exerted concomitant effects on mitogenic and survival pathways, as well as direct modulation of cell cycle regulators, to induce growth arrest and apoptosis. Further, ganetespib displayed robust antitumor efficacy in  both AR-negative and positive xenografts, including those derived from the 22Rv1  prostate cancer cell line that co-expresses full-length and variant receptors. Together these data suggest that further investigation of ganetespib as a new therapeutic treatment for prostate cancer patients is warranted.

 

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[267]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) in benign and malignant diseases.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Clin Chem. Acceso gratuito al texto completo a partir de 1 año de la fecha de publicación.

            ●● Enlace a la Editora de la Revista journals.uchicago.edu/ 

            ●● Cita: Clinical Infectious Diseases: <> Lab Med. 2012 Dec;50(12):2181-8.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1515/cclm-2012-0097

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Hertlein L; Stieber P; Kirschenhofer A; Krocker K; Nagel D; Lenhard M; Burges A

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University ofMunich, Campus Grosshadern, Munich, Germany. Linda.Hertlein@med.uni-muenchen.de

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) is described as a useful new biomarker in ovarian cancer. As HE4 is neither tumor nor organ specific, we intensively investigated the occurrence of this protein in female and male patients with various benign and malignant diseases in order to avoid misinterpretation and to identify potential additional clinical relevance. METHODS: We retrospectively investigated HE4(ARCHITECT R , Abbott Diagnostics, US) in the sera of 205 healthy individuals, 654 patients with benign disorders and 720 patients with cancer before initial treatment. RESULTS: The lowest concentrations of HE4 were observed in healthy men (median 26.2 pmol/L) followed  by healthy women (median 40.4 pmol/L). In benign diseases, highest HE4 concentrations were seen in both women and men with renal failure (women, median  1041 pmol/L; men, median 1368pmol/L). In women, the highest HE4 levels in malignant diseases were observed in ovarian cancer (median 242 pmol/l),whereas the highest HE4 concentrations in men occurred in lung cancer (median 89.2 pmol/L). The area under the curve(AUC) of HE4 in women was highest in ovarian cancer and borderline tumors as compared to benign gynecological disorders(88.9 % ), with a sensitivity of 67.4 % at 95 % specificity.Also, significantly elevated  concentrations of HE4 with reference to the respective group of benign diseases were observed in uterus corpus and breast cancer as well as in lung cancer for men and women. CONCLUSIONS: HE4 has the highest relevance in ovarian cancer but can be elevated in a variety of benign and malignant diseases.

 

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[268]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Kidney graft survival in Europe and the United States: strikingly different long-term outcomes.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Transplantation. 2013 Jan 27;95(2):267-74. doi: 10.1097/TP.0b013e3182708ea8.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1097/TP.0b013e3182708ea8

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Gondos A; Dohler B; Brenner H; Opelz G

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany. a.gondos@dkfz.de

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Kidney graft survival has never been systematically compared between  Europe and the United States. METHODS: Applying period analysis to first deceased-donor (DD) and living-donor kidney grafts from the United Network for Organ Sharing/Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network for the United States and the Collaborative Transplant Study for Europe, we compared overall and age-specific 1-, 5-, and 10-year graft survival for Europeans and white, African, and Hispanic Americans for the 2005 to 2008 period. A Cox regression model was used to adjust for differences in patient characteristics. RESULTS: For the 2005  to 2008 period, 1-year survival for DD grafts was equal (91%) between Europeans and white and Hispanic Americans, whereas it was slightly lower for African Americans (89%). In contrast, overall 5- and 10-year graft survival rates were considerably higher for Europe (77 and 56%, respectively) than for any of the three U.S. populations (whites, 71 and 46%, Hispanic, 73 and 48%, and African American, 62 and 34%). Differences were largest for recipient ages 0 to 17 and 18 to 29 and generally increased beyond 3 to 4 years after transplantation. Survival patterns for living-donor grafts were similar as those seen for DD grafts. Adjusted hazard ratios for graft failure in United Network for Organ Sharing white Americans ranged between 1.5 and 2.3 (all P<0.001) for 2 to 5 years after transplantation, indicating that lower graft survival is not explained by differences in baseline patient characteristics. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term kidney graft survival rates are markedly lower in the United States compared with Europe. Identifying actionable factors explaining long-term graft survival differences between Europe and the United States is a high priority for improving long-term graft survival.

 

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[269]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Variations in normal serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels in patients with testicular cancer on surveillance.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Onkologie. 2012;35(10):588-91. doi: 10.1159/000342695. Epub 2012 Sep 24.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1159/000342695

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Patel P; Balise R; Srinivas S

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Division of Medical Oncology, Stanford University, CA 94305, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to assess fluctuations in normal serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels in patients with germ cell cancer. Marked variations occur after serum AFP levels normalize, creating anxiety among patients and physicians during surveillance. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective review of patients with germ cell tumors in clinical remission, who had normal AFP levels and were followed at our center from 1991 to 2009. 72 patients, with a median follow-up of 50 months, were identified. RESULTS: Of the  72 patients, 57 (79%) had a non-seminomatous germ cell histology, and 15 (21%) had seminomas. Seminomas were included as controls as serum AFP levels do not increase in this group. 68 patients underwent orchiectomy, and 50 patients received systemic chemotherapy. The majority of patients (93%) demonstrated fluctuations in serum AFP. There was no difference in the mean AFP values between patients with seminona (2.95 ng/ml) and those with non-seminomatous germ cell tumors (3.3 ng/ml) (standard deviation 1.01 ng/ml). CONCLUSION: Marked variations occur after serum AFP levels normalize in patients undergoing surveillance. Fluctuating AFP levels within normal limits did not result in relapse in our cohort of patients with extended follow-up.

 

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[270]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - An inherited NBN mutation is associated with poor prognosis prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Br J Cancer. 2013 Feb 5;108(2):461-8. doi: 10.1038/bjc.2012.486. Epub 2012 Nov 13.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1038/bjc.2012.486

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Cybulski C; Wokolorczyk D; Kluzniak W; Jakubowska A; Gorski B; Gronwald J; Huzarski T; Kashyap A; Byrski T; Debniak T; Golab A; Gliniewicz B; Sikorski A; Switala J; Borkowski T; Borkowski A; Antczak A; Wojnar L; Przybyla J; Sosnowski M; Malkiewicz B; Zdrojowy R; Sikorska-Radek P; Matych J; Wilkosz J; Rozanski W; Kis J; Bar K; Bryniarski P; Paradysz A; Jersak K; Niemirowicz J; Slupski P; Jarzemski P; Skrzypczyk M; Dobruch J; Domagala P; Narod SA; Lubinski J

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University, ul. Polabska 4, Szczecin 70-115, Poland.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: To establish the contribution of eight founder alleles in three DNA damage repair genes (BRCA1, CHEK2 and NBS1) to prostate cancer in Poland, and to  measure the impact of these variants on survival among patients. METHODS: Three thousand seven hundred fifty men with prostate cancer and 3956 cancer-free controls were genotyped for three founder alleles in BRCA1 (5382insC, 4153delA, C61G), four alleles in CHEK2 (1100delC, IVS2+1G>A, del5395, I157T), and one allele in NBS1 (657del5). RESULTS: The NBS1 mutation was detected in 53 of 3750 unselected cases compared with 23 of 3956 (0.6%) controls (odds ratio (OR)=2.5; P=0.0003). A CHEK2 mutation was seen in 383 (10.2%) unselected cases and in 228 (5.8%) controls (OR=1.9; P<0.0001). Mutation of BRCA1 (three mutations combined)  was not associated with the risk of prostate cancer (OR=0.9; P=0.8). In a subgroup analysis, the 4153delA mutation was associated with early-onset (age </= 60 years) prostate cancer (OR=20.3, P=0.004). The mean follow-up was 54 months. Mortality was significantly worse for carriers of a NBS1 mutation than for non-carriers (HR=1.85; P=0.008). The 5-year survival for men with an NBS1 mutation was 49%, compared with 72% for mutation-negative cases. CONCLUSION: A mutation in NBS1 predisposes to aggressive prostate cancer. These data are relevant to the prospect of adapting personalised medicine to prostate cancer prevention and treatment.

 

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[271]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Estrogen receptors beta1 and beta2 have opposing roles in regulating proliferation and bone metastasis genes in the prostate cancer cell line PC3.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Mol Endocrinol. 2012 Dec;26(12):1991-2003. doi: 10.1210/me.2012.1227. Epub 2012 Oct 1.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1210/me.2012.1227

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Dey P; Jonsson P; Hartman J; Williams C; Strom A; Gustafsson JA

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5056, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - The estrogen receptor (ER)beta1 is successively lost during cancer progression, whereas its splice variant, ERbeta2, is expressed in advanced prostate cancer. The latter form of cancer often metastasizes to bone, and we wanted to investigate whether the loss of ERbeta1 and/or the expression of ERbeta2 affect such signaling pathways in prostate cancer. Using PC3 and 22Rv1 prostate cancer cell lines that stably express ERbeta1 or ERbeta2, we found that the ERbeta variants differentially regulate genes known to affect tumor behavior. We found that ERbeta1 repressed the expression of the bone metastasis regulator Runx2 in PC3 cells. By contrast, RUNX2 expression was up-regulated at the mRNA level by ERbeta2 in PC3 cells, whereas Slug was up-regulated by ERbeta2 in both PC3 and 22Rv1 cells. In addition, the expression of Twist1, a factor whose expression strongly correlates with high Gleason grade prostate carcinoma, was increased by  ERbeta2. In agreement with the increased Twist1 expression, we found increased expression of Dickkopf homolog 1; Dickkopf homolog 1 is a factor that has been shown to increase the RANK ligand/osteoprotegerin ratio and enhance osteoclastogenesis, indicating that the expression of ERbeta2 can cause osteolytic cancer. Furthermore, we found that only ERbeta1 inhibited proliferation, whereas ERbeta2 increased proliferation. The expression of the proliferation markers Cyclin E, c-Myc, and p45(Skp2) was differentially affected  by ERbeta1 and ERbeta2 expression. In addition, nuclear beta-catenin protein and  its mRNA levels were reduced by ERbeta1 expression. In conclusion, we found that  ERbeta1 inhibited proliferation and factors known to be involved in bone metastasis, whereas ERbeta2 increased proliferation and up-regulated factors involved in bone metastasis. Thus, in prostate cancer cells, ERbeta2 has oncogenic abilities that are in strong contrast to the tumor-suppressing effects  of ERbeta1.

 

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[272]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Berberine inhibits the migration and invasion of T24 bladder cancer cells via reducing the expression of heparanase.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Tumour Biol. 2013 Feb;34(1):215-21. doi: 10.1007/s13277-012-0531-z. Epub 2012 Oct 12.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s13277-012-0531-z

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Yan L; Yan K; Kun W; Xu L; Ma Q; Tang Y; Jiao W; Gu G; Fan Y; Xu Z

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, 250012, China.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Berberine, a quaternary amine and isoquinoline alkaloid, has been proposed to have antimetastatic effects on many types of tumor cells; however, its exact inhibitory mechanisms with bladder cancer cells remain unclear. We used berberine and siRNA technology to interfere the expression of heparanase in bladder cancer  T24 cells, detected the expression of heparanase mRNA and protein by reverse transcription PCR and Western blot respectively, and investigated their effects on the migration and invasion of T24 bladder cancer cells using transwell chamber. Our results showed that both mRNA and protein of heparanase were highly  expressed in human bladder cancer T24 cells and markedly downregulated by both heparanase-specific siRNA (hpa-siRNA) and berberine. The tumor cell migration assay indicated that transfection of hpa-siRNA and treatment with berberine both  attenuated the migration and invasion of T24 cells. Therefore, berberine inhibits the metastasis and invasion of bladder cancer cell, possibly via blocking the heparanase expression and thus may be used clinically to reduce the recurrence of bladder cancer.

 

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[273]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - HMGB1 Release by Urothelial Carcinoma Cells is Required for the In Vivo Antitumor Response to Bacillus Calmette-Guerin.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Urol. 2012 Oct 2. pii: S0022-5347(12)05132-4. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.09.123.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.juro.2012.09.123

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Zhang G; Chen F; Cao Y; Johnson B; See WA

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: Prior series showed that a portion of urothelial carcinoma cells exposed to bacillus Calmette-Guerin undergoes nonapoptotic cell death and release of the  chemokine HMGB1. We evaluated the role of tumor cell derived HMGB1 in mediating the in vivo antitumor effect of bacillus Calmette-Guerin. MATERIALS AND METHODS:  The murine urothelial carcinoma cell line MB49 was engineered to express a shRNA  construct targeting HMGB1. The shRNA expressing cell line underwent characterization to ensure its comparability to the parental MB49 cell line. An orthotopic tumor model was used to compare the in vivo antitumor efficacy of bacillus Calmette-Guerin in the parental cell line (24 control and 24 bacillus Calmette-Guerin treated) vs the HMGB1 knockdown line (23 control and 21 treated). RESULTS: Expression of the shRNA construct decreased HMGB1 expression and its release in response to bacillus Calmette-Guerin. The parental and shRNA cell lines showed similar in vitro doubling time and cytotoxicity in response to bacillus Calmette-Guerin. Treatment significantly decreased tumor volume vs controls in parental MB49 tumor bearing mice (p = 0.036). Tumor volume in treated mice inoculated with the shRNA cell line was higher than that in sham treated shRNA controls (p = 0.12). Of the bacillus Calmette-Guerin treated mice tumor volume was significantly lower in parental tumor bearing mice vs the shRNA group  (p <0.00001). ANOVA revealed a significant interaction between the cell line (shRNA vs parental) and the bacillus Calmette-Guerin effect (p = 0.0076). CONCLUSIONS: The direct tumor response to bacillus Calmette-Guerin, culminating in HMGB1 release, may be an important contributor to the clinical efficacy of bacillus Calmette-Guerin.

 

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[274]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Words of wisdom. Re: Targeting the regulation of androgen receptor signaling by the heat shock protein 90 cochaperone FKBP52 in prostate cancer cells.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Eur Urol. 2012 Nov;62(5):931-2. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2012.08.040.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.eururo.2012.08.040

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Stope MB; Burchardt M

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Ernst Moritz Arndt University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

 

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[275]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Encephalopathy: an unusual neurologic complication of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant in patients with multiple myeloma with renal failure.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Leuk Lymphoma. 2013 Apr;54(4):894-6. doi: 10.3109/10428194.2012.721545. Epub 2012 Nov 6.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 3109/10428194.2012.721545

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Aki SZ; Pamukcuoglu M; Bagriacik U; Sucak GT

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Hematology.

 

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[276]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Association of vitamin D binding protein polymorphism with long-term kidney allograft survival in Hispanic kidney transplant recipients.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Mol Biol Rep. 2013 Feb;40(2):933-9. doi: 10.1007/s11033-012-2134-6. Epub 2012 Oct 17.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s11033-012-2134-6

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Vu D; Sakharkar P; Tellez-Corrales E; Shah T; Hutchinson I; Min DI

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Mendez National Institute of Transplantation, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Polymorphism of genes encoding components of the vitamin D pathway including vitamin D receptor (VDR) and vitamin D binding protein (VDBP), have been widely explored due to the complex role played by vitamin D in renal transplant outcomes. In this study, we investigated whether polymorphisms of genes encoding  VDR and VDBP were associated with allograft survival or acute rejection (AR) among a Hispanic kidney transplant population. A total of 502 Hispanic renal allograft recipients at the St. Vincent Medical Center between 2001 and 2010 were genotyped for four different single nucleotide polymorphisms of VDR: FokI C>T (rs2228570), BsmI G>A (rs1544410), ApaI T>G (rs7975232), and TaqI T>C (rs731236). We also performed genotyping for one common polymorphism in the VDBP gene (rs4588). Survival was significantly improved for patients who were homozygous GG for the rs4588 G>T allele in the VDBP gene (GG vs. GT + TT, OR = 0.63, p = 0.02)  while GT genotype was associated with a higher risk of graft loss (GT vs. GG + TT, OR = 1.67, p = 0.01). We found no association for polymorphic markers in VDR  with allograft survival and AR. The frequency of the haplotype GTCG (in the order of VDR FokI C>T, BsmI G>A, ApaI T>G, and TaqI T>C), was significantly different in the patients with graft rejection compared to the control (p = 0.007) while ACCA haplotype was found to be associated with graft loss (p = 0.02). Hence, the  VDBP G>T polymorphism (rs4588) and two haplotypes (GTCG and ACCA) of VDR appear to be associated with renal allograft outcomes among Hispanic allograft recipients.

 

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[277]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Re: Sequelae of treatment in long-term survivors of testis cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Urol. 2012 Nov;188(5):1771. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.07.084. Epub 2012 Sep 19.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.juro.2012.07.084

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Richie JP

 

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[278]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of adult renal cell carcinoma  associated with Xp11.2 translocation.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Comput Assist Tomogr. 2012 Nov-Dec;36(6):669-74. doi: 10.1097/RCT.0b013e3182680182.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1097/RCT.0b013e3182680182

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Dang TT; Ziv E; Weinstein S; Meng MV; Wang Z; Coakley FV

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to report the computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of renal cell carcinoma associated with Xp11.2 translocation in adults. METHODS: We retrospectively identified 9 adults with renal cell carcinoma associated with Xp11.2 translocation who underwent baseline  cross-sectional imaging with CT (n = 9) or MRI (n = 3). All available clinical, imaging, and histopathological records were reviewed. RESULTS: Mean patient age was 24 years (range, 18-45 years). Eight of 9 cancers demonstrated imaging findings of hemorrhage or necrosis (n = 3), advanced stage disease (n = 2), or both (n = 3) at CT or MRI. CONCLUSIONS: The possibility of renal cell carcinoma associated with Xp11.2 translocation should be considered for a renal mass seen in a patient 45 years or younger, which demonstrates hemorrhage or necrosis or advanced stage disease at CT or MRI.

 

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[279]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Arterial spin-labeling MR imaging of renal masses: correlation with histopathologic findings.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Radiology. 2012 Dec;265(3):799-808. doi: 10.1148/radiol.12112260. Epub 2012 Oct 9.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1148/radiol.12112260

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Lanzman RS; Robson PM; Sun MR; Patel AD; Mentore K; Wagner AA; Genega EM; Rofsky NM; Alsop DC; Pedrosa I

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Dusseldorf,  Medical Faculty, Dusseldorf, Germany. samuel.brady@stjude.org

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: To assess the value of arterial spin-labeling (ASL) perfusion magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in the characterization of solid renal masses by using histopathologic findings as the standard of reference. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective study was compliant with HIPAA and approved by the institutional review board. Informed consent was obtained from all patients before imaging. Forty-two consecutive patients suspected of having renal masses underwent ASL MR  imaging before their routine 1.5-T clinical MR examination. Mean and peak tumor perfusion levels were obtained by one radiologist, who was blinded to the final histologic diagnosis, by using region of interest analysis. Perfusion values were correlated with histopathologic findings by using analysis of variance. A linear  correlation model was used to evaluate the relationship between tumor size and perfusion in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC). P < .05 was considered indicative of a statistically significant difference. RESULTS: Histopathologic findings were available in 34 patients (28 men, six women; mean age +/- standard  deviation, 60.4 years +/- 11.7). The mean perfusion of papillary RCC (27.0 mL/min/100 g +/- 15.1) was lower than that of clear cell RCC (171.6 mL/min/100 g  +/- 61.2, P = .001), chromophobe RCC (152.9 mL/min/100 g +/- 80.7, P = .04), unclassified RCC (208.0 mL/min/100 g +/- 41.1, P = .001), and oncocytoma (373.9 mL/min/100 g +/- 99.2, P < .001). The mean and peak perfusion levels of oncocytoma (373.9 mL/min/100 g +/- 99.2 and 512.3 mL/min/100 g +/- 146.0, respectively) were higher than those of papillary RCC (27.0 mL/min/100 g +/- 15.1 and 78.2 mL/min/100 g +/- 39.7, P < .001 for both), chromophobe RCC (152.9 mL/min/100 g +/- 80.7 and 260.9 mL/min/100 g +/- 61.9; P < .001 and P = .02, respectively), and unclassified RCC (208.0 mL/min/100 g +/- 41.1 and 273.3 mL/min/100 g +/- 83.4; P = .01 and P = .03, respectively). The mean tumor perfusion of oncocytoma was higher than that of clear cell RCC (P < .001). CONCLUSION: ASL MR imaging enables distinction among different histopathologic diagnoses in renal masses on the basis of their perfusion level. Oncocytomas demonstrate higher perfusion levels than RCCs, and papillary RCCs exhibit lower perfusion levels than other RCC subtypes.

 

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[280]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Protein Kinase A phosphorylates NCoR to enhance its nuclear translocation and repressive function in human prostate cancer cells.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Cell Physiol. 2013 Jun;228(6):1159-65. doi: 10.1002/jcp.24269.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1002/jcp.24269

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Choi HK; Yoo JY; Jeong MH; Park SY; Shin DM; Jang SW; Yoon HG; Choi KC

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Sciences Korea, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Shinchon-dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, South Korea.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Protein Kinase A (PKA) phosphorylates diverse protein substrates to modulate their function. In this study, we found that PKA specifically phosphorylates the  RD1 (Repression Domain 1) domain of nuclear receptor corepressor (NCoR). We demonstrated that the Serine-70 of NCoR is identified the critical amino acid for PKA-dependent NCoR phosphorylation. Importantly, we found that PKA-dependent phosphorylation enhances the nuclear translocation of NCoR. More importantly, the activation of PKA enhanced the repressive activity of NCoR in a reporter assay and potentiated the antagonist activity in the Androgen Receptor (AR)-mediated transcription. Taken together, these results uncover a regulatory mechanism by which PKA positively modulates NCoR function in transcriptional regulation in prostate cancer. J. Cell. Physiol. 228: 1159-1165, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

 

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[281]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Routine transition zone biopsy during active surveillance for prostate cancer rarely provides unique evidence of disease progression.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Urol. 2012 Dec;188(6):2177-80. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.08.011. Epub 2012 Oct 18.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.juro.2012.08.011

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - RiChard JL; Motamedinia P; McKiernan JM; DeCastro GJ; Benson MC

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Columbia University Medical Center, College of Physicians  and Surgeons, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York 10032, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: Routine sampling of the transition zone during prostate biopsy has become increasingly common. Although approximately 10% of prostate cancers originate in the transition zone, the benefit of transition zone biopsies may be  limited. We evaluated the usefulness of transition zone biopsy in patients with prostate cancer enrolled in active surveillance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients  on active surveillance followed at our institution between 1993 and 2011 were identified in the urological oncology database. All surveillance biopsies were stratified by transition and peripheral zone pathology results. The usefulness of transition zone biopsy was assessed by whether transition zone specific cancer characteristics, eg volume and grade, changed disease management recommendations. RESULTS: A single surgeon performed a total of 244 prostate biopsies in 92 men. Each patient underwent initial positive prostate biopsy and at least 1 active surveillance prostate biopsy. Mean age was 69 years. A mean of 2.7 biopsies were  done per patient. Nine patients (10%) had positive transition zone cores on initial positive prostate biopsy, of whom 3 had transition zone unique cancers. One of these patients showed transition zone disease progression on active surveillance prostate biopsy, which led to up staging and exclusion from active surveillance. A total of 16 patients (17%) had positive transition zone cores on  active surveillance prostate biopsy, of whom 13 had a negative transition zone on initial positive prostate biopsy. Transition and peripheral zone Gleason scores were identical in 9 of these patients and the transition zone score was lower in  4. Thus, transition zone pathology did not result in up staging or disease management alterations in any patient with new transition zone pathology. CONCLUSIONS: Up staging due to transition zone specific pathology is exceedingly  rare. Transition zone biopsy in patients on active surveillance should be limited to those with transition zone involvement on initial positive prostate biopsy only.

 

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[282]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Phosphorylation of NuMA by Aurora-A kinase in PC-3 prostate cancer cells affects  proliferation, survival, and interphase NuMA localization.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Cell Biochem. 2013 Apr;114(4):823-30. doi: 10.1002/jcb.24421.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1002/jcb.24421

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Toughiri R; Li X; Du Q; Bieberich CJ

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000  Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Aurora-A is a serine/threonine kinase that has oncogenic properties in vivo. The  expression and kinase activity of Aurora-A are up-regulated in multiple malignancies. Aurora-A is a key regulator of mitosis that localizes to the centrosome from the G2 phase through mitotic exit and regulates mitotic spindle formation as well as centrosome separation. Overexpression of Aurora-A in multiple malignancies has been linked to higher tumor grade and poor prognosis through mechanisms that remain to be defined. Using an unbiased proteomics approach, we identified the protein nuclear mitotic apparatus (NuMA) as a robust  substrate of Aurora-A kinase. Using a small molecule Aurora-A inhibitor in conjunction with a reverse in-gel kinase assay (RIKA), we demonstrate that NuMA becomes hypo-phosphorylated in vivo upon Aurora-A inhibition. Using an alanine substitution strategy, we identified multiple Aurora-A phospho-acceptor sites in  the C-terminal tail of NuMA. Functional analyses demonstrate that mutation of three of these phospho-acceptor sites significantly diminished cell proliferation. In addition, alanine mutation at these sites significantly increased the rate of apoptosis. Using confocal immunofluorescence microscopy, we show that the NuMA T1804A mutant mis-localizes to the cytoplasm in interphase nuclei in a punctate pattern. The identification of Aurora-A phosphorylation sites in NuMA that are important for cell cycle progression and apoptosis provides new insights into Aurora-A function.

 

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[283]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Tumor complexity predicts malignant disease for small renal masses.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Urol. 2012 Dec;188(6):2072-6. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.08.027. Epub 2012 Oct 18.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.juro.2012.08.027

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Mullins JK; Kaouk JH; Bhayani S; Rogers CG; Stifelman MD; Pierorazio PM; Tanagho YS; Hillyer SP; Kaczmarek BF; Chiu Y; Allaf ME

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. jmulli12@Jhmi.edu

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: Approximately 20% to 30% of suspicious small renal tumors are benign. A  significant proportion of malignant tumors are low grade and potentially indolent. We evaluated whether preoperative patient and tumor characteristics are associated with adverse pathological features. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of  886 patients underwent robot-assisted partial nephrectomy, as done by 1 of 5 high volume surgeons. Demographic and clinical data were compared between patients with benign/malignant disease, clear cell/nonclear cell renal cell carcinoma and  high/low grade tumors. Tumor complexity was quantified by R.E.N.A.L. (radius, exophytic/endophytic, nearness of tumor to collecting system or sinus, anterior/posterior, hilar and location relative to polar lines) nephrometry score and described as low--4 to 6, intermediate--7 to 9 or high--10 or greater. Logistic regression analyses were performed to test the association between tumor and patient characteristics, and high grade renal cell carcinoma. Subanalyses were done for patients with renal tumors 4 cm or less. RESULTS: High grade renal  cell carcinoma was larger and more likely to develop in men. Patients with malignant tumors and with clear cell histology were more likely to have intermediate or high complexity tumors. Increasing tumor complexity independently predicted malignancy, high grade malignancy and clear cell histology on multivariate regression analysis (each p <0.05). Male gender was independently associated with malignancy and high grade renal cell carcinoma. When considering  tumors 4 cm or less, tumor complexity predicted malignancy but not tumor grade. CONCLUSIONS: High R.E.N.A.L nephrometry score and male gender are associated with an increased risk of malignancy and high grade malignancy in tumors treated with  partial nephrectomy.

 

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[284]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Interleukin-27 expression modifies prostate cancer cell crosstalk with bone and immune cells in vitro.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Cell Physiol. 2013 May;228(5):1127-36. doi: 10.1002/jcp.24265.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1002/jcp.24265

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Zolochevska O; Diaz-Quinones AO; Ellis J; Figueiredo ML

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Prostate cancer is frequently associated with bone metastases, where the crosstalk between tumor cells and key cells of the bone microenvironment (osteoblasts, osteoclasts, immune cells) amplifies tumor growth. We have explored the potential of a novel cytokine, interleukin-27 (IL-27), for inhibiting this malignant crosstalk, and have examined the effect of autocrine IL-27 on prostate  cancer cell gene expression, as well as the effect of paracrine IL-27 on gene expression in bone and T cells. In prostate tumor cells, IL-27 upregulated genes  related to its signaling pathway while downregulating malignancy-related receptors and cytokine genes involved in gp130 signaling, as well as several protease genes. In both undifferentiated and differentiated osteoblasts, IL-27 modulated upregulation of genes related to its own signaling pathway as well as pro-osteogenic genes. In osteoclasts, IL-27 downregulated several genes typically involved in malignancy and also downregulated osteoclastogenesis-related genes. Furthermore, an osteogenesis-focused real-time PCR array revealed a more extensive profile of pro-osteogenic gene changes in both osteoblasts and osteoclasts. In T-lymphocyte cells, IL-27 upregulated several activation-related  genes and also genes related to the IL-27 signaling pathway and downregulated several genes that could modulate osteoclastogenesis. Overall, our results suggest that IL-27 may be able to modify interactions between prostate tumor and  bone microenvironment cells and thus could be used as a multifunctional therapeutic for restoring bone homeostasis while treating metastatic prostate tumors.

 

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[285]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Association between biomarkers of obesity and risk of high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and prostate cancer—evidence of effect modification by prostate size.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Cancer Lett. 2013 Jan 28;328(2):345-52. doi: 10.1016/j.canlet.2012.10.010. Epub 2012 Oct 16.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.canlet.2012.10.010

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Fowke JH; Motley S; Dai Q; Concepcion R; Barocas DA

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Division of Epidemiology, Nashville, TN 37203, United States. jay.fowke@vanderbilt.edu

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Prostate enlargement is common with aging and obesity. We investigated the association between obesity and prostate cancer controlling for differential detection related to prostate enlargement. In an analysis of 500 men, we found body mass index, waist-hip ratio, and blood leptin levels were significantly associated with high-grade PC, but only among men without prostate enlargement. Leptin was also significantly associated with high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) in the absence of prostate enlargement. Our results suggest obesity advances prostate carcinogenesis, and that detection biases at prostate biopsy may explain past inconsistencies in the association between obesity and PC.

 

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[286]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Stabilization of the prostate-specific tumor suppressor NKX3.1 by the oncogenic protein kinase Pim-1 in prostate cancer cells.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Cell Biochem. 2013 May;114(5):1050-7. doi: 10.1002/jcb.24444.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1002/jcb.24444

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Padmanabhan A; Gosc EB; Bieberich CJ

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Loss of NKX3.1 is an early and consistent event in prostate cancer and is associated with increased proliferation of prostate epithelial cells and poor prognosis. NKX3.1 stability is regulated post-translationally through phosphorylation at multiple sites by several protein kinases. Here, we report the paradoxical stabilization of the prostate-specific tumor suppressor NKX3.1 by the oncogenic protein kinase Pim-1 in prostate cancer cells. Pharmacologic Pim-1 inhibition using the small molecule inhibitor CX-6258 decreased steady state levels and half-life of NKX3.1 protein but mRNA was not affected. This effect was reversed by inhibition of the 26S-proteasome, demonstrating that Pim-1 protects NKX3.1 from proteasome-mediated degradation. Mass spectrometric analyses revealed Thr89, Ser185, Ser186, Ser195, and Ser196 as Pim-1 phospho-acceptor sites on NKX3.1. Through mutational analysis, we determined that NKX3.1 phosphorylation at Ser185, Ser186, and within the N-terminal PEST domain is essential for Pim-1-mediated stabilization. Further, we also identified Lys182 as a critical residue for NKX3.1 stabilization by Pim-1. Pim-1-mediated NKX3.1 stabilization may be important in maintaining normal cellular homeostasis in normal prostate epithelial cells, and may maintain basal NKX3.1 protein levels in prostate cancer cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 114: 1050-1057, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

 

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[287]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Borderline sebaceous neoplasm in a renal transplant patient without Muir-Torre syndrome.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Cutan Pathol. 2012 Nov 23. doi: 10.1111/cup.12046.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1111/cup.12046

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Kaminska EC; Iyengar V; Tsoukas M; Shea CR

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Section of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Borderline sebaceous neoplasms are rare tumors that can be challenging to diagnose because of their admixture of histopathologic features. Most such tumors have been described in patients with Muir-Torre syndrome (MTS). We report the case of an immunosuppressed, 82-year-old African-American woman without MTS who developed a rapidly growing lesion on the left cheek. Histopathology revealed a borderline sebaceous neoplasm with predominant features of sebaceous adenoma and  with focal features raising concern for the possibility of an evolving, well-differentiated, low-grade sebaceous carcinoma with a high mitotic index. In  the setting of immunosuppression, borderline sebaceous neoplasms may occur outside of MTS; careful evaluation and conservative treatment are recommended in  managing such tumors.

 

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[288]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Comparison of surveillance strategies for low-risk bladder cancer patients.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Med Decis Making. 2013 Feb;33(2):198-214. doi: 10.1177/0272989X12465353. Epub 2012 Nov 25.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1177/0272989X12465353

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Zhang Y; Denton BT; Nielsen ME

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina (YZ).

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - OBJECTIVE: . Low-grade noninvasive disease comprises approximately half of incident bladder cancer cases. These lesions have exceedingly low rates of progression to aggressive, muscle-invasive bladder cancer, and there is salient discordance with regard to management recommendations for these patients between  the principal clinical practice guidelines. In this context, we compare the international guidelines with alternative surveillance strategies for low-risk bladder cancer patients. METHODS: . We used a partially observable Markov model based on states that defined patient risk levels associated with recurrence and progression of bladder cancer. The model also included states defining the effects of treatment, death from bladder cancer, and all other-cause mortality. Simulation was done to estimate quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), expected lifelong progression probability, and lifetime number of cystoscopies. RESULTS: . We compared current international guidelines and additional proposed surveillance strategies on the basis of QALYs. We conducted a bicriteria analysis to compare expected lifelong progression rate v. the number of cystoscopies. One-way sensitivity analysis was used to evaluate the influence of model parameters, including a patient’s disutility associated with cystoscopy, bladder cancer mortality, and all other-cause mortality. CONCLUSIONS: . Age and comorbidity significantly affect the optimal surveillance strategy. Results suggest that younger patients should be screened more intensively than older patients, and patients having comorbidity should be screened less intensively.

 

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[289]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Distinctive features of the differentiated phenotype and infiltration of tumor-reactive lymphocytes in clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Cancer Res. 2012 Dec 1;72(23):6119-29. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-12-0588. Epub 2012 Oct 15.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1158/0008-5472.CAN-12-0588

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Wang QJ; Hanada K; Robbins PF; Li YF; Yang JC

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. qiongwang@mail.nih.gov

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is considered an immunogenic tumor, but it  has been difficult to identify tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) that show in  vitro tumor recognition. We compared the characteristics of fresh RCC TIL to peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) or melanoma TIL. Our results showed that RCC TIL contained fewer CD27(+) T cells, and fewer naive and central memory (CM) T cells, but more effector memory (EM) T cells than melanoma TIL or renal PBL. We hypothesized that factors in the RCC microenvironment were skewing TIL phenotype  toward EM. One possibility was the expression of CD70 on nearly all human RCCs, but not melanomas. Differentiation of naive T cells to EM cells only occurred from CD70 costimulation in concert with T-cell receptor (TCR) stimulation (signal one), suggesting that EM TIL responding to CD70 would be enriched for T cells reactive with local antigens, including those associated with RCC. Clonotypic analysis of TCRs in fresh RCCs showed that EM T cells were more clonally expanded than CM or naive T cells, and the clonal expansion occurred at the tumor site as  oligoclonal TCRs were distinct from PBL TCRs from the same patient. In addition,  we found that 2 TCRs from the highly represented EM TIL clones, when reexpressed  in fresh PBL, recognized an MHC-class II or MHC-class I-restricted antigens shared by multiple RCC lines. Our results suggest that RCC-reactive TIL do exist  in situ, but may be difficult to recover and study because of proliferative exhaustion, driven by tumor-expressed CD70.

 

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[290]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Vav3 enhances androgen receptor splice variant activity and is critical for castration-resistant prostate cancer growth and survival.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Mol Endocrinol. 2012 Dec;26(12):1967-79. doi: 10.1210/me.2012-1165. Epub 2012 Sep 28.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1210/me.2012-1165

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Peacock SO; Fahrenholtz CD; Burnstein KL

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, USA. KBurnstein@med.miami.edu

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Advanced or metastatic prostate cancer is treated by androgen deprivation; however, patients inevitably relapse with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). CRPC remains dependent on androgen receptor (AR) signaling, which may include constitutive, ligand-independent action of naturally occurring AR splice  variants. For example, the AR splice variant AR3 (also termed AR-V7) is expressed in CRPC and is linked to poor prognosis. Vav3, a Rho GTPase guanine nucleotide exchange factor, is an AR coactivator that is up-regulated in human prostate cancer compared with benign tissue and in preclinical models of CRPC. Vav3 confers castration-resistant growth to androgen-dependent human prostate cancer cells. Despite the importance of AR coactivators in promoting CRPC, the potential role of these regulatory proteins in modulating AR splice variant activity is unknown. We examined the contributions of Vav3 to AR activity in two CRPC cell lines that naturally express relatively high levels of Vav3 and AR3. Vav3 or AR3  knockdown greatly attenuated cell proliferation, soft agar growth, and ligand-independent AR activity. Vav3 potently enhanced the transcriptional activity of AR3 and another clinically relevant AR splice variant, ARv567es. Vav3 knockdown resulted in lowered nuclear AR3 levels, whereas total AR3 levels remained similar. Conversely, overexpression of Vav3 resulted in increased nuclear AR3. Coimmunoprecipitation revealed that AR3 and Vav3 interact. These novel data demonstrating physical and functional interactions between Vav3, a unique AR coactivator, and an AR splice variant provide insights into the mechanisms by which Vav3 exploits and enhances AR signaling in the progression to CRPC.

 

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[291]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Adaptive margin radiotherapy for patients with prostate carcinoma: what’s the benefit?

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Radiother Oncol. 2012 Nov;105(2):203-6. doi: 10.1016/j.radonc.2012.10.003. Epub 2012 Nov 9.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.radonc.2012.10.003

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Haverkort MA; van de Kamer JB; Pieters BR; Koning CC; van Herk M; van Tienhoven G

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Arnhem Radiotherapy Institute, The Netherlands. D.Haverkort@arnhemrti.nl

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - With daily portal images and repeated CT scans from 20 patients with gold markers (GM) an adaptive margin radiotherapy strategy (AMRT) was simulated and compared to traditional bony anatomy (BA) and standard GM verification protocols. AMRT is  comparable with BA. GM protocols are superior.

 

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[292]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Topographic and quantitative relationship between prostate inflammation, proliferative inflammatory atrophy and low-grade prostate intraepithelial neoplasia: a biopsy study in chronic prostatitis patients.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Int J Oncol. 2012 Dec;41(6):1950-8. doi: 10.3892/ijo.2012.1646. Epub 2012 Oct 1.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 3892/ijo.2012.1646

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Vral A; Magri V; Montanari E; Gazzano G; Gourvas V; Marras E; Perletti G

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Section of Histology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Inflammatory processes are important components in the pathogenesis of many human cancers. According to the ‘injury and regeneration’ model for prostate carcinogenesis, injury caused by pathogens or pro-inflammatory cytotoxic agents would trigger proliferation of prostatic glandular cells, leading to the appearance of epithelial lesions named ‘Proliferative Inflammatory Atrophy’ (PIA). Inflammatory cells infiltrating the prostate would release genotoxic reactive oxygen species, leading atrophic cells to neoplastic progression. The hypothesis pointing to PIA as risk-lesion for prostate cancer has been extensively investigated at the cellular and molecular levels, but few morphological data are available linking PIA or prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) to inflammation or clinical prostatitis. We investigated at the morphological level 1367 prostate biopsies from 98 patients with a recent history of chronic prostatitis, and 32 patients with biopsies positive for carcinoma. Our results show that i) PIA is found more frequently in biopsy cores containing a severe or moderate inflammatory focus, compared to NON-PIA lesions (partial or cystic atrophy); ii) the PIA lesion post-atrophic hyperplasia is more frequently  found in tissues showing mild or no inflammation; iii) the extent of PIA per patient correlates with the burden of moderate or severe inflammation, whereas NON-PIA lesions do not; iv) low-grade PIN is in over 90% of cases emerging from normal, non-atrophic glands and is more frequently found in biopsy cores with absent or mild inflammatory burden; v) the inverse relationship between the prevalence of low-grade PIN and the extent of PIA lesions per patient is described by a power law function, suggesting the low likelihood of the concomitant presence of these lesions in the same tissue; vi) NON-PIA lesions correlate inversely with neoplasia in patients with prostate cancer; vii) the total scores of the NIH-CPSI questionnaire correlate with both PIA and inflammation burdens at diagnosis of prostatitis but not after pharmacological intervention. These results point to a positive association between tissue inflammation, clinical prostatitis and the putative cancer risk-lesion PIA, but do not support a model whereby low-grade PIN would arise from PIA.

 

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[293]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - WT1, WTX and CTNNB1 mutation analysis in 43 patients with sporadic Wilms’ tumor.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Oncol Rep. 2013 Jan;29(1):315-20. doi: 10.3892/or.2012.2096. Epub 2012 Oct 19.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 3892/or.2012.2096

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Cardoso LC; De Souza KR; De O Reis AH; Andrade RC; Britto AC Jr; De Lima MA; Dos Santos AC; De Faria PS; Ferman S; Seuanez HN; Vargas FR

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Genetics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21944970, Brazil.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Wilms’ tumor (WT) is a heterogeneous neoplasia characterized by a number of genetic abnormalities, involving tumor suppressor genes, oncogenes and genes related to the Wnt signaling pathway. Somatic biallelic inactivation of WT1 is observed in 5-10% of sporadic WT. Somatic mutations in exon 3 of CTNNB1, which encodes beta-catenin, were initially observed in 15% of WT. WTX encodes a protein that negatively regulates the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway and mediates the binding of WT1. In this study, we screened germline and somatic mutations in selected regions of WT1, WTX and CTNNB1 in 43 WT patients. Mutation analysis of WT1 identified two single-nucleotide polymorphisms, one recurrent nonsense mutation (p.R458X) in a patient with proteinuria but without genitourinary findings of Denys-Drash syndrome (DDS) and one novel missense mutation, p.C428Y,  in a patient with Denys-Drash syndrome phenotype. WT1 SNP rs16754A>G (R369R) was  observed in 17/43 patients, and was not associated with significant difference in age at diagnosis distribution, or with 60-month overall survival rate. WTX mutation analysis identified five sequence variations, two synonymous substitutions (p.Q1019Q and p.D379D), a non-synonymous mutation (p.F159L), one frameshift mutation (p.157X) and a novel missense mutation, p.R560W. Two sequence variations in CTNNB1 were identified, p.T41A and p.S45C. Overall survival of bilateral cases was significantly lower (p=0.005). No difference was observed when survival was analyzed among patients with WT1 or with WTX mutations. On the  other hand, the survival of two patients with the CTNNB1 p.T41A mutation was significantly lower (p=0.000517) than the average.

 

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[294]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Certificate of need programs, intensity modulated radiation therapy use and the cost of prostate cancer care.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Urol. 2013 Jan;189(1):75-9. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.08.181. Epub 2012 Nov 16.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.juro.2012.08.181

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Khanna A; Hu JC; Gu X; Nguyen PL; Lipsitz S; Palapattu GS

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: Certificate of need programs are a primary mechanism to regulate the use and cost of health care services at the state level. The effect of certificate of need programs on the use of intensity modulated radiation therapy and the increasing costs of prostate cancer care is unknown. We compared the use of intensity modulated radiation therapy and change in prostate cancer health care costs in regions with vs without active certificate of need programs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This population based, observational study using SEER (Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results)-Medicare linked data from 2002 through 2009 was comprised of 13,814 men treated for prostate cancer in 3 regions with active certificate of need programs (CON Yes) vs 44,541 men treated for prostate cancer  in 9 regions without active certificate of need programs (CON No). We assessed intensity modulated radiation therapy use relative to other prostate cancer definitive therapies and overall prostate cancer health care costs with respect to certificate of need status. RESULTS: In propensity score adjusted analyses, intensity modulated radiation therapy use increased from 2.3% to 46.4% of prostate cancer definitive therapies in CON Yes regions vs 11.3% to 41.7% in CON  No regions from 2002 to 2009. Furthermore, we observed greater intensity modulated radiation therapy use with time in CON Yes vs No regions (p <0.001). Annual cost growth did not differ between CON Yes vs No regions (p = 0.396). CONCLUSIONS: Certificate of need programs were not effective in limiting intensity modulated radiation therapy use or attenuating prostate cancer health care costs. There remains an unmet need to control the rapid adoption of new, more expensive therapies for prostate cancer that have limited cost and comparative effectiveness data.

 

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[295]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - A biodistribution and toxicity study of cobalt dichloride-N-acetyl cysteine in an implantable MRI marker for prostate cancer treatment.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2013 Mar 15;85(4):1024-30. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2012.09.007. Epub 2012 Oct 22.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.ijrobp.2012.09.007

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Frank SJ; Johansen MJ; Martirosyan KS; Gagea M; Van Pelt CS; Borne A; Carmazzi Y; Madden T

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Texas. Electronic address: sjfrank@mdanderson.org.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: C4, a cobalt dichloride-N-acetyl cysteine complex, is being developed as a positive-signal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) marker to localize implanted radioactive seeds in prostate brachytherapy. We evaluated the toxicity and biodistribution of C4 in rats with the goal of simulating the systemic effects of potential leakage from C4 MRI markers within the prostate. METHODS AND MATERIALS: 9-muL doses (equivalent to leakage from 120 markers in a human) of control solution (0.9% sodium chloride), 1% (proposed for clinical use), and 10% C4 solution were injected into the prostates of male Sprague-Dawley rats via laparotomy. Organ toxicity and cobalt disposition in plasma, tissues, feces, and  urine were evaluated. RESULTS: No C4-related morbidity or mortality was observed  in the biodistribution arm (60 rats). Biodistribution was measurable after 10% C4 injection: cobalt was cleared rapidly from periprostatic tissue; mean concentrations in prostate were 163 mug/g and 268 mug/g at 5 and 30 minutes but were undetectable by 60 minutes. Expected dual renal-hepatic elimination was observed, with percentages of injected dose recovered in tissues of 39.0 +/- 5.6% (liver), >11.8 +/- 6.5% (prostate), and >5.3 +/- 0.9% (kidney), with low plasma concentrations detected up to 1 hour (1.40 mug/mL at 5-60 minutes). Excretion in  urine was 13.1 +/- 4.6%, with 3.1 +/- 0.54% recovered in feces by 24 hours. In the toxicity arm, 3 animals died in the control group and 1 each in the 1% and 10% groups from surgical or anesthesia-related complications; all others survived to scheduled termination at 14 days. No C4-related adverse clinical signs or organ toxicity were observed. CONCLUSION: C4-related toxicity was not observed at exposures at least 10-fold the exposure proposed for use in humans. These data demonstrating lack of systemic toxicity with dual routes of elimination in the event of in situ rupture suggest that C4 warrants further investigation as an MRI marker for prostate brachytherapy.

 

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[296]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Galectin-3 regulates p21 stability in human prostate cancer cells.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Oncogene. 2012 Nov 19. doi: 10.1038/onc.2012.528.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1038/onc.2012.528

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Wang Y; Balan V; Kho D; Hogan V; Nangia-Makker P; Raz A

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Oncology, Tumor Progression and Metastasis, Karmanos Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a multifunctional protein involved in cancer through regulation of cell adhesion, cell growth, apoptosis and metastasis, while p21 (Cip1/WAF1) is a negative regulator of the cell cycle, involved in apoptosis, transcription, DNA repair and metastasis. The results presented here demonstrate  for the first time that the level of Gal-3 protein is associated with the level of p21 protein expression in human prostate cancer cells and the effects of Gal-3 on cell growth and apoptosis were reversed by modulating p21 expression level. Furthermore, Gal-3 regulates p21 expression at the post-translational level by stabilizing p21 protein via the carbohydrate-recognition domain. This is the first report suggesting a molecular function not yet described for Gal-3 as the regulator of p21 protein stability. This study provides a unique insight into the relationship of these two molecules during prostate cancer progression, and may provide a novel therapeutic target.Oncogene advance online publication, 19 November 2012; doi:10.1038/onc.2012.528.

 

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[297]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Cells of origin for cancer: an updated view from prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Oncogene. 2012 Nov 26. doi: 10.1038/onc.2012.541.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1038/onc.2012.541

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Xin L

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - 1] Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA [2] Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA [3] Dan L Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - The cells of origin for cancer are the cells within tissues that serve as the target for transformation. Understanding the nature of these cells will benefit disease prevention, diagnosis and prognosis. During the past decade, much progress has been made in understanding the cellular origin for prostate cancer.  This review aims to summarize the previous findings, describe the most recent results and discuss some controversies and unresolved issues in this field.Oncogene advance online publication, 26 November 2012; doi:10.1038/onc.2012.541.

 

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[298]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - High grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia does not display loss of heterozygosity at the mutation locus in BRCA2 mutation carriers with aggressive prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - BJU Int. 2012 Dec;110(11 Pt C):E1181-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11519.x. Epub 2012 Oct 4.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11519.x

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Willems-Jones A; Kavanagh L; Clouston D; Bolton D; Fox S; Thorne H

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Kathleen Cuningham Consortium for Research into Familial Breast Cancer, kConFab,  Research Department, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Australia.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - What’s known on the subject? and What does the study add? The risk of developing  aggressive prostate cancer is increased for men carrying a pathogenic germline mutation in BRCA2. An earlier study by the Kathleen Cuningham Consortium for Research into Familial Breast Cancer showed that BRCA2 mutation carriers displayed a loss of heterozygosity (LOH) within their prostate cancer tissue in the majority of cases, thus implying that the prostate cancer in these men occurred as a result of LOH for BRCA2. High grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) has been considered a precursor to prostate adenocarcinoma in some, but not all, cases of prostate adenocarcinoma. The study found that there was no LOH for BRCA2 in HGPIN. From this small cohort of BRCA2-positive men, we suggest HGPIN is not necessarily a precursor to their prostate cancer development. The presence of HGPIN in a TRUS biopsy in these men at risk of high  risk disease is not an indication for prostatectomy. OBJECTIVES: * To determine if high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN), which is considered a  precursor to the development of prostate adenocarcinoma, displays the same genetic hallmarks as adenocarcinoma. * To identify, using molecular genetic techniques, if HGPIN is a precursor of tumour development and progression in men  carrying a pathogenic germline mutation in BRCA2. PATIENTS AND METHODS: * Ten participants from the Kathleen Cuningham Consortium for Research into Familial Breast Cancer cohort of high-risk breast cancer families were identified, with (i) a diagnosis of aggressive prostate cancer and presence of HGPIN, (ii) a pathogenic BRCA2 mutation, and (iii) access to archival prostate tissue specimens. * Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at the BRCA2 gene was examined using mutation-specific PCR and sequencing of DNA from laser microdissected HGPIN. RESULTS: * Within this cohort of 10 pathogenic BRCA2 carriers, no patient displayed LOH at the mutation locus within HGPIN, irrespective of whether or not  corresponding adenocarcinoma DNA displayed LOH. CONCLUSIONS: * Although HGPIN is  considered a precursor to cancer, as no LOH was observed, this assay does not provide a genetic marker that may be considered a positive predictor of tumorigenesis in BRCA2 carriers. * In this group of high-risk men, early screening via prostate-specific antigen testing, rectal examination and prostate  biopsy may be prudent to permit the detection and the optimum clinical management of prostate cancer.

 

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[299]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - A cohort study reporting clinical risk factors and individual risk perceptions of prostate cancer: implications for PSA testing.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - BJU Int. 2013 Mar;111(3):389-95. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11316.x. Epub 2012 Jun 21.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11316.x

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Forbat L; Place M; Kelly D; Hubbard G; Boyd K; Howie K; Leung HY

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Cancer Care Research Centre, University of Stirling, Glasgow, UK.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - WHAT’S KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT? AND WHAT DOES THE STUDY ADD?: Prostate cancer has three known clinical risk factors: age, ethnicity and family history. Men’s knowledge of prostate cancer is low. This study demonstrates that men rely on family and friends to learn about prostate cancer and help them interpret their risk. The findings suggest the need for tailored prostate cancer education, through social networks, to encourage risk-stratified PSA testing, which will lead to earlier diagnosis for those most at risk. OBJECTIVES: To determine men’s  perceptions of their risk of developing prostate cancer. To consider the implications for PSA testing based on individual risk perceptions. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The research adopted an embedded mixed-method design, using clinical records and a retrospective postal survey. Patients (N = 474) diagnosed with prostate cancer in a two-year period (2008-2009) in Greater Glasgow were identified from pathology records. In all, 458 men received a postal survey (16 deceased patients were excluded); 320 men responded (70%). RESULTS: Analysis indicates that there is no association between known clinical risk factors and men’s perceptions of their own risk. Older men did not display increased perceived risk. Men with a family history of prostate cancer (11%) had no increase in their own perception of risk. PSA tests are not requested by those who are at greater risk. The subsample of patients who had requested a test were  no more likely to have a family history of prostate cancer. They were more likely, however, to perceive themselves to be at high risk, to have friends with  prostate cancer, to be affluent and to have a low grade tumour. CONCLUSIONS: GPs  need to balance men’s risk perceptions in discussions about known clinical risk factors. Men’s knowledge of prostate cancer stems largely from interpersonal sources (such as friends/family). Social networks may consequently offer an additional opportunity to increase awareness of risk-stratified testing.

 

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[300]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Clinically significant prostate cancer is rarely missed by ablative procedures of the prostate in men with prostate specific antigen less than 4 ng/ml.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Urol. 2013 Jan;189(1):111-5. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.08.093. Epub 2012 Nov 16.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.juro.2012.08.093

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Meeks JJ; Maschino AC; McVary KT; Sandhu JS

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Urology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10021, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: Laser vaporization of the prostate is widely used to treat lower urinary tract symptoms. It may decrease the hospital cost and morbidity associated with transurethral resection of the prostate. However, prostate cancer may go undetected because tissue is not taken at laser vaporization. To our knowledge the rate of clinically significant prostate cancer missed by laser vaporization has not been assessed to date. We determined the rate of clinically significant prostate cancer detected by transurethral resection of the prostate compared to the estimated number of cancers missed by laser vaporization. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 74,505 men diagnosed with stage T1 prostate cancer between 2004 and 2006 were identified from the SEER (Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results) program in the United States. The total number of laser vaporizations and transurethral resections were calculated based on Medicare claims for the same period. Clinically significant cancer was defined as that with a Gleason score of 7 or greater in men 40 to 75 years old. RESULTS: If prostate specific antigen screening were used uniformly (excluding men with prostate specific antigen greater than 4 ng/ml), only 1 of 382 transurethral resections of the prostate would identify clinically significant prostate cancer for a total of 390 in the American population in 3 years. Based on Medicare reported laser vaporization use a total of only 163 clinically significant cancers would be missed in more than 60,000 procedures. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of T1a and T1b  prostate cancer remains low and few patients have clinically significant prostate cancer. When prostate specific antigen screening is used, the number of clinically significant tumors missed by ablative procedures is low (average of 0.26% of all procedures) and can be identified by prostate specific antigen screening.

 

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[301]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Human epididymis protein 4 as a serum marker for diagnosis of endometrial carcinoma and prediction of clinical outcome.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Clin Chem. Acceso gratuito al texto completo a partir de 1 año de la fecha de publicación.

            ●● Enlace a la Editora de la Revista journals.uchicago.edu/ 

            ●● Cita: Clinical Infectious Diseases: <> Lab Med. 2012 Dec;50(12):2189-98.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1515/cclm-2011-0757

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Zanotti L; Bignotti E; Calza S; Bandiera E; Ruggeri G; Galli C; Tognon G; Ragnoli M; Romani C; Tassi RA; Caimi L; Odicino FE; Sartori E; Pecorelli S; Ravaggi A

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - University of Brescia, Brescia , Italy.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to assess the diagnostic and prognostic impact of preoperative serum determination of human epididymis protein 4 (sHE4),  and to investigate its potential correlation with clinicopathological features and survival endpoints in endometrial cancer patients. METHODS: Preoperative serum samples from 193 endometrial cancer patients and 125 women with normal endometrium were measured for sHE4 and serum CA125 (sCA125) concentrations by quantitative chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassays on the automated Architect instrument. RESULTS: sHE4 concentrations were significantly higher in endometrial cancer patients regardless of tumour stage and grade compared with normal controls. Setting the specificity at 95 % , the sensitivities in detecting endometrial cancer patients were 66 % for HE4, 33 % for CA125 and 64 % for the combination of the two markers. High concentrations of both HE4 and CA125 significantly correlated with all clinicopathological features characterising a more aggressive tumour phenotype.In multivariate analysis, only high preoperative sHE4 concentrations, but not sCA125, were independent prognostic factors for shorter Overall Survival, Disease-Free Survival and Progression-Free Survival. CONCLUSIONS: HE4 is more sensitive and specifi c than CA125in distinguishing endometrial cancer patients from women with normal endometrium, regardless of tumour stage and grade. sHE4 appears to be associated with a more aggressive tumour variant and it could be clinically useful, in identifying high-risk endometrial cancer patients, for a tailored surgical and postoperative therapy. HE4 significant correlation with decreased Overall Survival, Disease Free Survival and Progression Free Survival suggests its potential role as a novel prognostic marker for endometrial cancer.

 

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[302]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Oncologic outcomes and survival in pT0 tumors after radical nephroureterectomy for upper tract urothelial carcinoma: results from of a large multicenter international collaborative study.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Eur Urol. 2013 Feb;63(2):404-5. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2012.09.031. Epub 2012 Sep  23.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.eururo.2012.09.031

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Roupret M; Xylinas E; Colin P; Kluth L; Karakiewicz P; Shariat SF

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology and Division of Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York Presbyterian-Hospital, New York, NY, USA.

 

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[303]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Inducing cell proliferation inhibition, apoptosis, and motility reduction by silencing long noncoding ribonucleic acid metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 in urothelial carcinoma of the bladder.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Urology. 2013 Jan;81(1):209.e1-7. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2012.08.044. Epub 2012 Nov 13.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.urology.2012.08.044

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Han Y; Liu Y; Nie L; Gui Y; Cai Z

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Guangdong Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - OBJECTIVE: To study the expression patterns of long noncoding ribonucleic acid (RNA) metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) and the cell proliferation inhibition, apoptosis, and motility changes induced by silencing MALAT1 in urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The expression levels of MALAT1 were determined using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction in cancerous tissues and paired normal tissues in a total of 36 patients with urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. Expression differences were analyzed according to the grade and stage. Bladder urothelial carcinoma T24 and 5637 cells were transfected with MALAT1 small interfering RNA or negative control small interfering RNA. The cell proliferation changes of the  transfected bladder urothelial carcinoma cells were determined using the MTT assay. Apoptosis caused by silencing MALAT1 was evaluated using the flow cytometry assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The motility changes induced by silencing MALAT1 were measured using the wound healing assay. RESULTS: MALAT1 was upregulated in bladder urothelial carcinoma compared with matched normal urothelium (P=.008). The MALAT1 expression levels were greater in high-grade carcinomas than in low-grade carcinoma (P=.001). The MALAT1 expression levels were greater in invasive carcinoma than in noninvasive carcinoma (P=.018). Cell proliferation inhibition, increased apoptosis, and decreased motility were observed in MALAT1 small interfering RNA-transfected bladder urothelial carcinoma T24 and 5637 cells. CONCLUSION: MALAT1 plays an oncogenic role in urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. Silencing MALAT1 is a potential novel therapeutic approach for this cancer.

 

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[304]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Serum glutamate levels correlate with Gleason score and glutamate blockade decreases proliferation, migration, and invasion and induces apoptosis in prostate cancer cells.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Clin Cancer Res. 2012 Nov 1;18(21):5888-901. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-12-1308.  Epub 2012 Oct 16.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1158/1078-0432.CCR-12-1308

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Koochekpour S; Majumdar S; Azabdaftari G; Attwood K; Scioneaux R; Subramani D; Manhardt C; Lorusso GD; Willard SS; Thompson H; Shourideh M; Rezaei K; Sartor O; Mohler JL; Vessella RL

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Cancer Genetics, Center for Genetics and Pharmacology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263, USA. Shahriar.Koochekpour@Roswellpark.org

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: During glutaminolysis, glutamine is catabolized to glutamate and incorporated into citric acid cycle and lipogenesis. Serum glutamate levels were  measured in patients with primary prostate cancer or metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPCa) to establish clinical relevance. The  effect of glutamate deprivation or blockade by metabotropic glutamate receptor 1  (GRM1) antagonists was investigated on prostate cancer cells’ growth, migration,  and invasion to establish biologic relevance. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Serum glutamate levels were measured in normal men (n = 60) and patients with primary prostate cancer (n = 197) or mCRPCa (n = 109). GRM1 expression in prostatic tissues was examined using immunohistochemistry (IHC). Cell growth, migration, and invasion were determined using cell cytotoxicity and modified Boyden chamber  assays, respectively. Apoptosis was detected using immunoblotting against cleaved caspases, PARP, and gamma-H2AX. RESULTS: Univariate and multivariate analyses showed significantly higher serum glutamate levels in Gleason score >/= 8 than in the Gleason score </= 7 and in African Americans than in the Caucasian Americans. African Americans with mCRPCa had significantly higher serum glutamate levels than those with primary prostate cancer or benign prostate. However, in Caucasian Americans, serum glutamate levels were similar in normal research subjects and patients with mCRPC. IHC showed weak or no expression of GRM1 in luminal acinar epithelial cells of normal or hyperplastic glands but high expression in primary  or metastatic prostate cancer tissues. Glutamate deprivation or blockade decreased prostate cancer cells’ proliferation, migration, and invasion and led to apoptotic cell death. CONCLUSIONS: Glutamate expression is mechanistically associated with and may provide a biomarker of prostate cancer aggressiveness.

 

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[305]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Elective segmental ureterectomy for transitional cell carcinoma of the ureter: long-term follow-up in a series of 73 patients.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - BJU Int. 2012 Dec;110(11 Pt B):E750. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11567.x. Epub  2012 Nov 7.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11567.x

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Reis LO

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Surgery (Urology), Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, and Center for Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas, PUC-Campinas, Brazil.

 

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[306]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Elective segmental ureterectomy for transitional cell carcinoma of the ureter: long-term follow-up in a series of 73 patients.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - BJU Int. 2012 Dec;110(11 Pt B):E744-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11554.x. Epub 2012 Nov 7.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11554.x

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Simonato A; Varca V; Gregori A; Benelli A; Ennas M; Lissiani A; Gacci M; De Stefani S; Rosso M; Benvenuto S; Siena G; Belgrano E; Gaboardi F; Carini M; Bianchi G; Carmignani G

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology ‘L. Giuliani’, University of Genoa, Genoa Department of Urology, ‘L. Sacco’ Hospital, Milan Department of Urology, University of Trieste, Trieste Department of Urology, University of Florence, Florence Department of Urology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Study Type - Therapy (outcome) Level of Evidence 2b What’s known on the subject?  and What does the study add? Upper Urinary Tract (UUT) Transitional Cell Carcinoma (TCC) is an uncommon disease and represents approximately 5% of all urothelial carcinomas. We report our series on 73 patients treated with Kidney Sparing Surgery for UUT TCC. Good results have been achieved in terms of oncological outcome comparing this conservative approach to the radical nephrourectomy. OBJECTIVES: * To report the long-term oncological outcome in patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the ureter electively treated with kidney-sparing surgery. * To compare our data with the few series reported in the literature. PATIENTS AND METHODS: * We considered 73 patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the distal ureter treated in five Italian Departments of Urology. * The following surgeries were carried out: 38 reimplantations on psoas  hitch bladder (52%), 21 end-to-end anastomoses (28.8%), 11 direct ureterocystoneostomies (15.1%) and three reimplantations on Boari flap bladder (4.1%). * The median follow-up was 87 months. RESULTS: * Tumours were pTa in 42.5% of patients, pT1 in 31.5%, pT2 in 17.8% and pT3 in 8.2%. * Recurrence of bladder urothelial carcinoma was found in 10 patients (13.7%) after a median time of 28 months. * The bladder recurrence-free survival at 5 years was 82.2%. * The  overall survival at 5 years was 85.3% and the cancer-specific survival rate at 5  years was 94.1%. CONCLUSION: * Our data show that segmental ureterectomy procedures do not result in worse cancer control compared with data in the literature regarding nephroureterectomy.

 

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[307]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Combination of vinblastine and oncolytic herpes simplex virus vector expressing IL-12 therapy increases antitumor and antiangiogenic effects in prostate cancer models.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Cancer Gene Ther. 2013 Jan;20(1):17-24. doi: 10.1038/cgt.2012.75. Epub 2012 Nov 9.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1038/cgt.2012.75

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Passer BJ; Cheema T; Wu S; Wu CL; Rabkin SD; Martuza RL

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA. bpasser@partners.org

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Oncolytic herpes simplex virus (oHSV)-1-based vectors selectively replicate in tumor cells causing direct killing, that is, oncolysis, while sparing normal cells. The oHSVs are promising anticancer agents, but their efficacy, when used as single agents, leaves room for improvement. We hypothesized that combining the direct oncolytic and antiangiogenic activities of the interleukin (IL)-12-secreting NV1042 oHSV with microtubule disrupting agents (MDAs) would be  an effective means to enhance antitumor efficacy. Vinblastine (VB) was identified among several MDAs screened, which displayed consistent and potent cytotoxic killing of both prostate cancer and endothelial cell lines. In matrigel tube-forming assays, VB was found to be highly effective at inhibiting tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. The combination of VB with NV1023 (the parental virus lacking IL-12) or NV1042 showed additive or synergistic activity against prostate cancer cell lines, and was not due to increased oHSV replication by VB. In athymic mice bearing CWR22 prostate tumors,  VB in combination with NV1042 was superior to the combination of VB plus NV1023 in reducing tumor burden, appeared to be nontoxic and resulted in a statistically significant diminution in the number of CD31(+) cells as compared with other treatment groups. In human organotypic cultures using surgical samples from radical prostatectomies, both NV1023 and NV1042 were localized specifically to the epithelial cells of prostatic glands but not to the surrounding stroma. These data highlight the therapeutic advantage of combining the dual-acting antitumor and antiangiogenic activities of oHSVs and MDAs.

 

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[308]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Follicle-stimulating hormone and the pituitary-testicular-prostate axis at the time of initial diagnosis of prostate cancer and subsequent cluster selection of  the patient population undergoing standard radical prostatectomy.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Urol Int. 2013;90(1):45-55. doi: 10.1159/000343430. Epub 2012 Nov 2.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1159/000343430

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Porcaro AB; Migliorini F; Petrozziello A; Sava T; Romano M; Caruso B; Cocco C; Ghimenton C; Zecchinini Antoniolli S; Lacola V; Rubilotta E; Monaco C; Comunale L

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, University Integrated Hospitals, Civil Major Hospital, Verona, Italy. drporcaro @ yahoo.com

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - AIM: A preceding exploratory analysis has shown that follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) was significantly correlated to and predicted by prostate-specific antigen  (PSA) in a prostate cancer population. The aim of the study was to evaluate FSH physiopathology along the pituitary-testicular-prostate (PTP) axis at the time of initial diagnosis of prostate cancer in an operated population clustered according to the FSH/PSA ratio. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study included 93 patients who underwent standard radical prostatectomy. Age, percentages of positive cores at transrectal ultrasound scan biopsy (TRUSB) (P+), biopsy Gleason score (bGS), pathology Gleason score (pGS), luteinizing hormone (LH), FSH, prolactin hormone (PRL), total testosterone (TT), free testosterone (FT), estradiol (ESR) and PSA were the continuous variables. Category variables were pT and biopsy/pathology Gleason pattern I/II (b/pGPI/II). The population was clustered according to the FSH/PSA ratio which was computed from empirical data and then ranked for clustering the population as groups A (range 0.13 </= FSH/PSA </= 0.20), B (range 0.20 < FSH/PSA </= 0.50), C (range 0.50 < FSH/PSA </= 0.75),  D (range 0.75 < FSH/PSA </= 1.00), E (range 1.00 < FSH/PSA </= 1.25), F (range 1.25 < FSH/PSA </= 2.00), G (range 2.00 < FSH/PSA </= 2.25), H (range 2.25 < FSH/PSA </= 6.40) and I (range 6.40 < FSH/ PSA </= 19.40). The model was assessed by simple linear regression analysis and differences between the groups were investigated by analysis of variance (ANOVA) for continuous variables and by contingency tables for category variables. RESULTS: FSH was significantly correlated to and predicted by PSA in groups A (p = 0.04), B (p < 0.0001), C (p < 0.0001), D (p < 0.0001), E (p < 0.0001), F (p < 0.0001), G (p < 0.0001), H (p = 0.0001) and I (p = 0.001). Also, clusters (A-I) differed significantly for mean values of FSH (p < 0.0001), LH (p < 0.0001), TT (p = 0.04), PSA (p < 0.0001), bGS (p = 0.005), pGS (p = 0.01) and PSA/FT ratio (p < 0.0001); moreover, the nine groups showed significant different frequency distributions of pGPI (p = 0.02), pGPII (p = 0.0002) and bGPI (p = 0.04). CONCLUSION: The ranking FSH/PSA ratio significantly clustered, along the PTP axis, an operated population diagnosed with prostate cancer. Also, the ranking FSH/PSA ratio selected prostate cancer clusters expressing different levels of hormonal disorder along the PTP axis and  prognostic potential with different risks of progression. As a theory, in the current advancing world, the ranking FSH/PSA model might be considered as an interesting and effective tool for prostate cancer study as well as individualized, risk-adapted approaches of the disease. However, confirmatory studies are needed.

 

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[309]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Positivity for HLA DR1 is associated with basal cell carcinoma in renal transplant patients in southern Brazil.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Int J Dermatol. 2012 Dec;51(12):1448-53. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2011.05282.x.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1111/j.1365-4632.2011.05282.x

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - de Carvalho AV; Bonamigo RR; da Silva CM; Pinto AC

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Dermatology, Complexo Hospitalar Santa Casa de Porto Alegre, Santa  Casa Hospital Complex, Porto Alegre, Brazil. avecarvalho@me.com

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Renal transplant patients have a higher incidence of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC). Previous studies hypothesized that human leukocyte antigen (HLA), especially types DR1, DR4, and DR7, may influence the incidence of these tumors. This study investigates the association between NMSC and the presence of  HLA DR1, DR4, and DR7 in renal transplant patients in southern Brazil. METHODS: In a historical cohort study, 1032 patients who underwent renal transplantation during the period from January 1993 to December 2006 were examined to identify occurrences of NMSC and HLA status prior to transplant. RESULTS: Of the 1032 patients examined, 59 (5.71%) developed NMSC (squamous cell carcinoma [SCC]: 2.42%; basal cell carcinoma [BCC]: 1.74%; both: 1.55%). The presence of HLA DR1 was associated with a higher probability of developing any NMSC and particularly  with developing BCC (P < 0.05). There was no statistically significant association between the presence of HLA DR4 or DR7 and the occurrence of NMSC in  this sample. CONCLUSIONS: HLA DR1 appears to be associated with the development of BCC, as well as with the higher number of NMSC lesions in renal transplant patients. This study supports the trend to associate the DR1 allele with BCC and  not with SCC.

 

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[310]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Impact of androgen deprivation therapy on weight gain differs by age in men with  nonmetastatic prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Urol. 2012 Dec;188(6):2183-8. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.08.018. Epub 2012 Oct 18.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.juro.2012.08.018

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Timilshina N; Breunis H; Alibhai SM

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: Although androgen deprivation therapy leads to weight gain within the first year in men with prostate cancer, longer term changes and the relationship  to patient age are not well characterized. We examined long-term weight gain by age group in men on androgen deprivation therapy for up to 36 months. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three cohorts matched by age and education were recruited in this prospective study, including men in whom continuous androgen deprivation therapy  was initiated, controls with prostate cancer and healthy controls. All patients with prostate cancer had nonmetastatic disease. We performed age stratified (less than 65 vs 65 years or greater) comparisons. Univariate and multivariable associations with weight change with time were evaluated using linear regression. RESULTS: We included 257 men with a mean age of 69.1 years. At baseline the cohorts were similar in age, education, body mass index, weight and comorbidity.  Androgen deprivation therapy was associated with weight gain from baseline at 6,  12, 18, 24, 30 and 36 months compared to controls with prostate cancer and healthy controls (p = 0.006, 0.015, 0.028, 0.003, 0.014 and 0.0004, respectively). The proportion of men who gained weight was higher among androgen  deprivation therapy users than controls with prostate cancer and healthy controls at most time points. Age stratified analyses showed that younger patients (age less than 65 years) on androgen deprivation therapy had significantly greater weight gain with time than older patients (4.7 vs 1.4 kg, p = 0.005). However, age did not appear to affect weight change with time in men not on androgen deprivation therapy (p = 0.37). CONCLUSIONS: Androgen deprivation therapy was associated with an increase in weight during 36 months and weight gain was significantly higher in patients younger than 65 years.

 

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[311]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Integrin-linked kinase as a target for ERG-mediated invasive properties in prostate cancer models.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Carcinogenesis. 2012 Dec;33(12):2558-67. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgs285. Epub 2012 Oct 1.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1093/carcin/bgs285

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Becker-Santos DD; Guo Y; Ghaffari M; Vickers ED; Lehman M; Altamirano-Dimas M; Oloumi A; Furukawa J; Sharma M; Wang Y; Dedhar S; Cox ME

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V5Z 1L3.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Approximately half of prostate cancers (PCa) carry TMPRSS2-ERG translocations; however, the clinical impact of this genomic alteration remains enigmatic. Expression of v-ets erythroblastosis virus E26 oncogene like (avian) gene (ERG) promotes prostatic epithelial dysplasia in transgenic mice and acquisition of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) characteristics in human prostatic epithelial cells (PrECs). To explore whether ERG-induced EMT in PrECs was associated with therapeutically targetable transformation characteristics, we established stable populations of BPH-1, PNT1B and RWPE-1 immortalized human PrEC lines that constitutively express flag-tagged ERG3 (fERG). All fERG-expressing populations exhibited characteristics of in vitro and in vivo transformation. Microarray analysis revealed >2000 commonly dysregulated genes in the fERG-PrEC lines. Functional analysis revealed evidence that fERG cells underwent EMT and acquired invasive characteristics. The fERG-induced EMT transcript signature was  exemplified by suppressed expression of E-cadherin and keratins 5, 8, 14 and 18;  elevated expression of N-cadherin, N-cadherin 2 and vimentin, and of the EMT transcriptional regulators Snail, Zeb1 and Zeb2, and lymphoid enhancer-binding factor-1 (LEF-1). In BPH-1 and RWPE-1-fERG cells, fERG expression is correlated with increased expression of integrin-linked kinase (ILK) and its downstream effectors Snail and LEF-1. Interfering RNA suppression of ERG decreased expression of ILK, Snail and LEF-1, whereas small interfering RNA suppression of  ILK did not alter fERG expression. Interfering RNA suppression of ERG or ILK impaired fERG-PrEC Matrigel invasion. Treating fERG-BPH-1 cells with the small molecule ILK inhibitor, QLT-0267, resulted in dose-dependent suppression of Snail and LEF-1 expression, Matrigel invasion and reversion of anchorage-independent growth. These results suggest that ILK is a therapeutically targetable mediator of ERG-induced EMT and transformation in PCa.

 

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[312]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Toxicogenomic activity of gemcitabine in two TP53-mutated bladder cancer cell lines: special focus on cell cycle-related genes.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Mol Biol Rep. 2012 Dec;39(12):10373-82. doi: 10.1007/s11033-012-1916-1. Epub 2012 Oct 9.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s11033-012-1916-1

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - da Silva GN; de Camargo EA; Salvadori DM

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Departamento de Patologia, UNESP-Universidade  Estadual Paulista, Rubiao Junior, Botucatu, SP 18618-000, Brazil. nicioli@fmb.unesp.br

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Because of its lower toxicity and good tolerability and response, gemcitabine has been described as one of the most highly promising drugs for urinary bladder cancer therapy. Its phosphorylated active-dFdCTP metabolite can incorporate into  DNA, causing replication blockage. Additionally, it is known that mutations in the TP53 gene are related to the high recurrence rate of these neoplasias. Based  on these premises, we investigated the effects of gemcitabine on the expression of the cell cycle-related genes in two different TP53-mutated bladder transitional carcinoma cell lines-5637 (from a moderate-grade tumor with a TP53 allele carrying two mutations) and T24 (from an invasive tumor with a TP53 allele encoding an in-frame deletion). Cell viability and morphology analyses (phase-contrast photomicrographs), Nuclear Division Index and pathway-specific quantitative RT-PCR gene arrays were performed. Treatment with gemcitabine led to the following results: (1) a significant decrease of viable T24 cells after treatment at the highest concentration (3.12 muM) tested; (2) scattered, elongated and vacuolated 5637 and T24 cells; (3) a cytostatic effect in both cell lines; and (4) significant upregulation of the BRCA1, CCNE1, CDK2, CDK6, CDKN1A,  CDKN2B, E2F4, GADD45A, MAD2L2, CCNH, SERTAD1, CDC1, and CHEK1 genes. Gemcitabine  had distinct toxicogenomic effects in the bladder transitional carcinoma cell lines with two different TP53 mutations. However, independent of the type of mutation and tumor grade, gemcitabine induced cell cycle arrest; upregulation of  DNA repair-related genes, G1/S transition, apoptosis and activation of transcription factors, mainly by upregulation of the CCNE1, CDKN1A and GADD45A genes.

 

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[313]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Targeting epidermal growth factor receptor/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 signalling pathway by a dual receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor afatinib for radiosensitisation in murine bladder carcinoma.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Eur J Cancer. 2013 Apr;49(6):1458-66. doi: 10.1016/j.ejca.2012.10.020. Epub 2012  Nov 12.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.ejca.2012.10.020

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Tsai YC; Yeh CH; Tzen KY; Ho PY; Tuan TF; Pu YS; Cheng AL; Cheng JC

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Given the promising control of bladder cancer achieved by combined chemotherapy/radiotherapy with selective transurethral resection, obstacles remain to the treatment of unresectable bladder cancer. The aim of this study was to determine whether targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) can radiosensitise a murine bladder tumour (MBT-2) cell line. Cell survival, expression of signal proteins and cell cycle changes in MBT-2 cells treated in vitro and in vivo with afatinib, an irreversible EGFR/HER2 inhibitor, plus radiotherapy were investigated by colony formation assay, Western blot assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Ectopic xenografts were established by subcutaneous injection of MBT-2 cells in C3H/HeN mice. Mice were randomised into 4 groups to receive afatinib (10mg/kg/day on day  1-7) and/or radiotherapy (15Gy on day 4). Positron emission tomography (PET) on day 8 was used to evaluate the early treatment response. Afatinib (200-1000nM) increased cell killing by radiation (0-10Gy). Pre-treatment of irradiated cells with afatinib inhibited radiation-activated HER2 and EGFR phosphorylation. As compared to either treatment alone, the combination increased the level of the cleavage form of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase, the expression of phospho-gammaH2AX and the percentage of cells in subG1 phase (indicating enhanced induction of apoptosis), and decreased tumour metabolism and inhibited tumour growth by 64%. Afatinib has therapeutic value as a radiosensitiser of murine bladder cancer cells. The synergism between afatinib and radiation likely enhances DNA damage, leading to increased cell apoptosis.

 

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[314]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - High-dose calcitriol, docetaxel and zoledronic acid in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer: a phase II study.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Urol Int. 2013;90(1):56-61. doi: 10.1159/000343780. Epub 2012 Nov 8.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1159/000343780

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Shamseddine A; Farhat FS; Elias E; Khauli RB; Saleh A; Bulbul MA

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon. as04 @ aub.edu.lb

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - INTRODUCTION: Docetaxel has become the standard chemotherapy for patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). We wanted to assess the efficacy and safety of a weekly high-dose calcitriol, docetaxel and zoledronic acid combination in CRPC. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Thirty patients were enrolled to receive calcitriol 0.5 microg/kg orally in 4 divided doses over 4 h on day 1 of each treatment week, docetaxel 36 mg/m(2) i.v. infusion on day 2 of each treatment week and zoledronic acid 4 mg i.v. on day 2 of the first and fifth week of each cycle. Treatment was administered weekly for 6 consecutive weeks on an 8-week cycle. RESULTS: Out of 23 evaluable patients, there was a response of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in 11 patients (47.8%); 6 (26.1%) had a stable PSA level for a median of 4.2 months. The median survival time was 15 months (95% confidence interval 13.9-16.1 months). The regimen was generally tolerated; anemia was the only grade ¾ hematological toxicity in 2 patients. CONCLUSIONS:  This regimen was tolerated, and half of the patients had a PSA response. Although our response rates are inferior to some studies using docetaxel, we believe our response rates are acceptable knowing that we are treating CRPC, which still has  variable outcomes.

 

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[315]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - MicroRNAs and zinc metabolism-related gene expression in prostate cancer cell lines treated with zinc(II) ions.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Int J Oncol. 2012 Dec;41(6):2237-44. doi: 10.3892/ijo.2012.1655. Epub 2012 Oct 9.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 3892/ijo.2012.1655

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Hlavna M; Raudenska M; Hudcova K; Gumulec J; Sztalmachova M; Tanhauserova V; Babula P; Adam V; Eckschlager T; Kizek R; Masarik M

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Pathological Physiology, Masaryk University, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech  Republic.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a large class of single-stranded RNA molecules involved in post-transcriptional gene silencing. miRNAs not only regulate various developmental and physiological processes but also are involved in cancer development. Additionally, they can be considered as biomarkers of some pathological processes. The aim of this study was to determine the expression levels of selected miRNA and zinc(II)-related genes (ZIP-1, BAX, MT2A and MT1A) in the non-tumor PNT1A prostate cell line in comparison with the prostate cancer  cell lines 22Rv1, PC-3 and LNCaP after zinc(II) treatment. Using bioinformatic approaches we selected miRNAs with putative binding sites in the 3’UTR regions in Metallothionein 1A and 2A as miRNA 23a, 141, 224, 296-3p, 320, 375 and 376. We observed significantly higher expression of miRNA 23a in all tumor lines compared to non-tumor PNT1A (13.6-fold in 22Rv1, 7.3-fold in PC-3, 8.3-fold in LNCaP, p<0.01). We also observed that the 22Rv1 cell line has significantly higher expression of miRNA 224 in comparison to other cell lines. In addition, all tumor cell lines expressed significantly higher levels of miRNA 375 in comparison to non-tumor PNT1A (87.1fold in 22Rv1, nearly 2,000-fold in PC-3, 56.3fold in LNCaP, p<0.01). Nevertheless, miRNA 375 and 23a expression levels strongly suggest their potential to contribute to the diagnosis of prostate cancer and miRNA 224 eventually may be suitable for classification of primary tumors. The expression of miRNA 224 in 22Rv1 cell line was negatively correlated with increasing zinc(II) concentration only. Our experiments revealed significant negative correlation of miRNA 376 and MT2A in 22Rv1 and a negative correlation between miRNA 224 and MT1A in PC-3 cells which may denote possible direct regulation of MT genes by specific miRNAs in prostate cancer.

 

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[316]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Effect of an all-trans-retinoic acid conjugate with spermine on viability of human prostate cancer and endothelial cells in vitro and angiogenesis in vivo.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Eur J Pharmacol. 2013 Jan 5;698(1-3):122-30. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.11.007. Epub 2012 Nov 21.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.ejphar.2012.11.007

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Vourtsis D; Lamprou M; Sadikoglou E; Giannou A; Theodorakopoulou O; Sarrou E; Magoulas GE; Bariamis SE; Athanassopoulos CM; Drainas D; Papaioannou D; Papadimitriou E

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, University Campus, Patras GR-26504, Greece.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Retinoids constitute a family of organic compounds that are being used for the treatment of various diseases, ranging from acne vulgaris to acute promyelocytic  leukemia. Their use however is limited due to serious adverse effects and there is a great need for analogues with better safety profile. In the present work, the effect of N(1),N(12)-bis(all-trans-retinoyl)spermine (RASP), a conjugate of all-trans-retinoic acid (atRA) with spermine, on angiogenesis in vivo and viability of human endothelial and prostate cancer cells in vitro were studied. Both atRA and RASP dose-dependently inhibited angiogenesis in the chicken embryo  chorioallantoic membrane model. RASP was more effective and could be used in a wider dose range due to lower toxicity compared with atRA. Both retinoids decreased the number of human umbilical vein endothelial and prostate cancer LNCaP and PC3 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. RASP was more effective  and potent compared with atRA, spermine, their combination, or conjugates of spermine with other acidic retinoids and/or psoralens in prostate cancer cells. The inhibitory effect of both atRA and RASP seems to be related to an increase of the tumour repressing gene retinoic acid receptor beta mRNA, was mediated by retinoic acid receptor alpha, and was proportional to endogenous retinoic acid receptor beta expression. These data suggest that RASP is more effective than atRA in decreasing angiogenesis and prostate cancer cell growth and identify retinoic acid receptor alpha as the receptor through which it causes retinoic acid receptor beta up-regulation and decrease of prostate cancer cell growth.

 

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[317]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Targeted MET inhibition in castration-resistant prostate cancer: a randomized phase II study and biomarker analysis with rilotumumab plus mitoxantrone and prednisone.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Clin Cancer Res. 2013 Jan 1;19(1):215-24. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-12-2605. Epub 2012 Nov 7.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1158/1078-0432.CCR-12-2605

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Ryan CJ; Rosenthal M; Ng S; Alumkal J; Picus J; Gravis G; Fizazi K; Forget F; Machiels JP; Srinivas S; Zhu M; Tang R; Oliner KS; Jiang Y; Loh E; Dubey S; Gerritsen WR

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - University of California San Francisco Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA. ryanc@medicine.ucsf.edu

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy, safety, biomarkers, and pharmacokinetics of rilotumumab, a fully human, monoclonal antibody against hepatocyte growth factor  (HGF)/scatter factor, combined with mitoxantrone and prednisone (MP) in patients  with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: This double-blinded phase II study randomized (1:1:1) patients with progressive, taxane-refractory CRPC to receive MP (12 mg/m(2) i.v. day 1, 5 mg twice a day orally days 1-21, respectively) plus 15 mg/kg rilotumumab, 7.5 mg/kg rilotumumab, or placebo (i.v. day 1) every 3 weeks. The primary endpoint was overall survival  (OS). RESULTS: One hundred and forty-four patients were randomized. Median OS was 12.2 versus 11.1 months [HR, 1.10; 80% confidence interval (CI), 0.82-1.48] in the combined rilotumumab versus control arms. Median progression-free survival was 3.0 versus 2.9 months (HR, 1.02; 80% CI, 0.79-1.31). Treatment appeared well  tolerated with peripheral edema (24% vs. 8%) being more common with rilotumumab.  A trend toward unfavorable OS was observed in patients with high tumor MET expression regardless of treatment. Soluble MET levels increased in all treatment arms. Total HGF levels increased in the rilotumumab arms. Rilotumumab showed linear pharmacokinetics when co-administered with MP. CONCLUSIONS: Rilotumumab plus MP had manageable toxicities and showed no efficacy improvements in this estimation study. High tumor MET expression may identify patients with CRPC with  poorer prognosis.

 

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[318]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition leads to docetaxel resistance in prostate cancer and is mediated by reduced expression of miR-200c and miR-205.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Am J Pathol. 2012 Dec;181(6):2188-201. doi: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2012.08.011. Epub 2012 Oct 3.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.ajpath.2012.08.011

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Puhr M; Hoefer J; Schafer G; Erb HH; Oh SJ; Klocker H; Heidegger I; Neuwirt H; Culig Z

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Division of Experimental Urology, Department of Urology, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35,Innsbruck, Austria. martin.puhr@i-med.ac.at

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Docetaxel is a standard chemotherapy for patients with metastatic prostate cancer. However, the response is rather limited and not all of the patients benefit from this treatment. To uncover key mechanisms of docetaxel insensitivity in prostate cancer, we have established docetaxel-resistant sublines. In this study, we report that docetaxel-resistant cells underwent an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition during the selection process, leading to diminished E-cadherin levels and up-regulation of mesenchymal markers. Screening  for key regulators of an epithelial phenotype revealed a significantly reduced expression of microRNA (miR)-200c and miR-205 in docetaxel-resistant cells. Transfection of either microRNA (miRNA) resulted in re-expression of E-cadherin.  Functional assays confirmed reduced adhesive and increased invasive and migratory abilities. Furthermore, we detected an increased subpopulation with stem cell-like properties in resistant cells. Tissue microarray analysis revealed a reduced E-cadherin expression in tumors after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Low E-cadherin levels could be linked to tumor relapse. The present study uncovers epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition as a hallmark of docetaxel resistance. Therefore, we suggest that this mechanism is at least in part responsible for chemotherapy failure, with implications for the development of novel therapeutics.

 

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[319]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - ACP Journal Club. Radical prostatectomy and observation did not differ for mortality in localized prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Ann Intern Med. 2012 Oct 16;157(8):JC4-5. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-157-8-201210160-02005.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 7326/0003-4819-157-8-201210160-02005

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Dahm P; Gilbert S

 

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[320]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D, vitamin D-binding protein and risk of prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Int J Cancer. 2012 Nov 26. doi: 10.1002/ijc.27969.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1002/ijc.27969

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Weinstein SJ; Mondul AM; Kopp W; Rager H; Virtamo J; Albanes D

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Nutritional Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - We recently reported a significant positive association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], the accepted biomarker of vitamin D status, and prostate cancer risk. To further elucidate this association, we examined the influence of vitamin D-binding protein (DBP), the primary transporter of vitamin D compounds in the circulation. Prediagnostic serum concentrations of DBP were assayed for 950 cases and 964 matched controls with existing 25(OH)D measurements within the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study of Finnish men. Logistic  regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and statistical tests were two sided. Serum DBP modified the association between serum 25(OH)D and prostate cancer, with higher risk for elevated 25(OH)D  levels observed primarily among men having DBP concentrations above the median (OR = 1.81, 95% CI: 1.18-2.79 for highest vs. lowest quintile, p-trend = 0.001) compared to those with DBP below the median (OR = 1.22, 95% CI: 0.81-1.84, p-trend 0.97; p-interaction = 0.04). Serum DBP was not associated with prostate cancer risk overall (OR = 0.96, 95% CI: 0.70-1.33 for highest vs. lowest quintile); however, high serum DBP was associated with significantly decreased risk of prostate cancer in men with lower (<median) 25(OH)D concentrations (OR =  0.59, 95% CI: 0.38-0.90 for highest vs. lowest quintile, p-trend = 0.003) and increased risk in men with higher 25(OH)D concentrations (OR = 1.47, 95% CI: 0.98-2.20, p-trend 0.10, p-interaction = 0.02). Our data suggest that the primary vitamin D carrier protein, DBP, modulates the impact of vitamin D status on prostate cancer.

 

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[321]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - High expression of P53-induced Ring-h2 protein is associated with poor prognosis  in clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Eur J Surg Oncol. 2013 Jan;39(1):100-6. doi: 10.1016/j.ejso.2012.10.004. Epub 2012 Oct 24.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.ejso.2012.10.004

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Wu XR; Sha JJ; Liu DM; Chen YH; Yang GL; Zhang J; Chen YY; Bo JJ; Huang YR

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200001, China.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: This study was carried out to examine P53-induced Ring-h2 protein (Pirh2) expression and investigate its clinical and prognostic significance in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). METHODS: Pirh2 mRNA and protein expressions were detected by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (Q-RT PCR) and Western blotting in 35 frozen renal cancer tissue specimens and 35 adjacent normal renal tissue specimens of the same patients. Pirh2 protein expression was assessed by immunohistochemical analysis in 92 paraffin-embedded specimens of human ccRCC and 30 specimens of adjacent normal renal tissue. Correlations between Pirh2 and clinicopathologic features and prognosis were analyzed statistically. RESULTS: Pirh2 mRNA and protein levels in ccRCC samples were increased significantly as compared with the adjacent normal renal tissues (P < 0.001). Pirh2 mRNA overexpression correlated with high  stage and grade of the renal cancer (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001 respectively). Pirh2 protein expression was negative in most normal renal tissue specimens (23/30) but positive in 52.2% (48/92) of ccRCC specimens (P = 0.006). Pirh2 protein expression correlated with tumor grade and stage (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001 respectively). The median follow-up interval was 42.0 months. Overexpression of Pirh2 protein in ccRCC was significantly associated with shorter overall survival and recurrence-free survival (P = 0.001 and P = 0.003, respectively). Multivariate analysis showed that Pirh2 expression was an independent prognostic  factor for ccRCC patients (P = 0.037). CONCLUSIONS: Pirh2 was up-regulated in ccRCC at both transcriptional and translational levels compared with normal renal tissues, suggesting that Pirh2 may be a potential prognostic marker for ccRCC.

 

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[322]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Concomitant oral tyrosine kinase inhibitors and bisphosphonates in advanced renal cell carcinoma with bone metastases.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Br J Cancer. 2012 Nov 6;107(10):1665-71. doi: 10.1038/bjc.2012.385.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1038/bjc.2012.385

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Beuselinck B; Wolter P; Karadimou A; Elaidi R; Dumez H; Rogiers A; Van Cann T; Willems L; Body JJ; Berkers J; Van Poppel H; Lerut E; Debruyne P; Paridaens R; Schoffski P

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of General Medical Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium. benoit.beuselinck@uzleuven.be

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: The presence of bone metastases in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma treated with oral tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) is associated  with poorer outcome as compared with patients without bone involvement. Concomitant bisphosphonates could probably improve outcomes but also induce osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ). METHODS: Retrospective study on all the renal cell carcinoma patients with bone metastases treated with sunitinib or sorafenib  between November 2005 and June 2012 at the University Hospitals Leuven and AZ Groeninge in Kortrijk. RESULTS: Seventy-six patients were included in the outcome analysis: 49 treated with concomitant bisphosphonates, 27 with TKI alone. Both groups were well balanced in terms of prognostic and predictive markers. Response rate (38% vs 16% partial responses, P=0.028), median progression-free survival (7.0 vs 4.0 months, P=0.0011) and median overall survival (17.0 vs 7.0 months, P=0.022) were significantly better in patients receiving bisphosphonates. The incidence of ONJ was 10% in patients treated with TKI and bisphosphonates. CONCLUSION: Concomitant use of bisphosphonates and TKI in renal cell carcinoma patients with bone involvement probably improves treatment efficacy, to be confirmed by prospective studies, but is associated with a high incidence of ONJ.

 

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[323]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Expression of ERG oncoprotein is associated with a less aggressive tumor phenotype in Japanese prostate cancer patients.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Pathol Int. 2012 Nov;62(11):742-8. doi: 10.1111/pin.12006.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1111/pin.12006

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Kimura T; Furusato B; Miki J; Yamamoto T; Hayashi N; Takahashi H; Kamata Y; van Leenders GJ; Visakorpi T; Egawa S

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Path Institute of DNA Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. tkimura@jikei.ac.jp

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - To investigate and characterize ERG oncoprotein expression in Japanese patients with prostate cancer (PCa), we evaluated 92 index tumors from Japanese patients who had undergone radical prostatectomy for PCa, using an antibody-based detection method to determine ERG expression. Expression status was compared with clinicopathological findings including patient age, body mass index and preoperative prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, specimen Gleason score, pathological stage, positive surgical margin, size of index tumor, prostatic volume, zonal origin of index tumor and biochemical failure. Overall, ERG protein was expressed in 16.3% (15/92) of the index tumors, but not in benign glands. Younger patient age, lower Gleason score and negative surgical margins were found to be independently associated with its expression in the multivariate analysis (P= 0.015, 0.003 and 0.038, respectively). ERG expression was not associated with biochemical failure. Though not statistically significant, ERG expression was more frequently observed in peripheral zone than in transition zone cancers (28.2% vs 10%, respectively). In conclusion, ERG protein was less frequently expressed in this Japanese PCa cohort compared with Western reports. ERG expression was associated with a less aggressive tumor phenotype, and its biological significance needs to be further investigated.

 

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[324]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Prostate cancers of different zonal origin: clinicopathological characteristics and biochemical outcome after radical prostatectomy.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Urology. 2012 Nov;80(5):1063-9. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2012.08.012.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.urology.2012.08.012

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Iremashvili V; Pelaez L; Jorda M; Manoharan M; Rosenberg DL; Soloway MS

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33101, USA. viremashvili@med.miami.edu

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of prostate cancer zonal origin on the biochemical outcome after radical prostatectomy, to analyze clinicopathological features of tumors arising in different zones and to test the ability of the nomogram to predict the probability of transition zone cancer at radical prostatectomy. METHODS: Our cohort consisted of 1441 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy who did not receive neoadjuvant treatment. Clinicopathological characteristics and biochemical outcomes were compared between the groups of men with different zonal location of prostate cancer. Performance of the nomogram in predicting cancer location was evaluated with respect to discrimination and calibration. RESULTS: The rates of positive margin  were similar in men with transition zone and mixed tumors and were significantly  higher than those with peripheral zone tumors. Most of the positive margins in patients with transition zone and mixed cancers were located at the apico-anterior part of the gland. On multivariate analysis, transition zone cancer location was associated with better biochemical recurrence-free survival (P = .043). The Harrel c-index of the models that did and did not include zonal origin of cancer was 0.810 and 0.807, respectively. Performance of the nomogram was poor. CONCLUSION: The association between transition zone tumor origin and the risk of biochemical recurrence does not add important predictive value to the standard prognostic factors. Although information about the risk of prostate cancer involvement of the transition zone may be important for surgical planning, our ability to predict this risk preoperatively is limited.

 

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[325]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - SIRT1 enhances matrix metalloproteinase-2 expression and tumor cell invasion in prostate cancer cells.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Prostate. 2013 Apr;73(5):522-30. doi: 10.1002/pros.22592. Epub 2012 Oct 4.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1002/pros.22592

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Lovaas JD; Zhu L; Chiao CY; Byles V; Faller DV; Dai Y

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Cancer Research Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2) has been shown to play an important role in cancer cell invasion and the expression of MMP2 is associated with the poor prognosis of prostate cancer; however, the mechanism of MMP2 expression is largely unknown. SIRT1 is a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent histone deacetylase (class III HDAC) that has recently been shown to have implications in regulating cancer cell growth and apoptosis. The purpose of this study is to determine the role of SIRT1 in regulating MMP2 expression and tumor invasion in prostate cancer cells. METHODS: The interfering RNAi was used to knockdown SIRT1  from prostate cancer cells. Immunoblots, RT-PCR, zymographic assays, co-immunoprecipitation, analysis and transwell assays were used to examine the effects of SIRT1 silencing on MMP2 expression and activity, on SIRT1 and MMP2 interaction, and on prostate cancer cell invasion. The immuno-histochemical assay was performed to study SIRT1 expression in prostate cancer tissues. RESULTS: We show that SIRT1 associates and deacetylates MMP2 and SIRT1 regulates MMP2 expression by controlling MMP2 protein stability through the proteosomal pathway. Thus, we demonstrated a novel mechanism in that MMP2 expression can be regulated  at the posttranslational level by SIRT1. Furthermore, we determined that SIRT1 inhibition reduced prostate cancer cell invasion and SIRT1 is highly expressed in advanced prostate cancer tissues. CONCLUSIONS: SIRT1 is an important regulator of MMP2 expression, activity, and prostate cancer cell invasion. Overexpressed SIRT1 in advanced prostate cancer may play an important role in prostate cancer progression. Prostate 73: 522-530, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

 

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[326]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Myeloma kidney: advances in molecular mechanisms of acute kidney injury open novel therapeutic opportunities.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2012 Oct;27(10):3713-8. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfs449.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1093/ndt/gfs449

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Davenport A; Merlini G

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - UCL Centre for Nephrology, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Renal impairment is a common complication of multiple myeloma (MM) and is supported in virtually all patients by a tubulointerstitial pathology that results from high serum concentrations of monoclonal free light chains (FLCs). The proteins involved in the kidney injury and the analysis of their binding interactions have been thoroughly investigated and the main pathogenic mechanisms are being elucidated. Early sustained reduction of circulating FLC leads to improved renal recovery rates that translate into improved quality of life and survival. The mainstay of therapy is presently the removal of aggravating factors (dehydration, hypercalcaemia, nephrotoxic drugs) and the prompt institution of rapidly acting novel chemotherapy combinations. This approach allows the rescue of kidney function in more than two-thirds of patients. High cut-off haemodialysis dialysers may potentially add clinical benefits and the outcomes of controlled trials are eagerly awaited. Basic research findings have led to the design of targeted drugs that prevented the functional manifestations of acute kidney injury in animal models. There is now hope to prevent the renal damage in  patients with MM.

 

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[327]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - The Impact of Clinical Stage on Prostate Cancer Survival Following Radical Prostatectomy.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Urol. 2012 Nov 15. pii: S0022-5347(12)05555-3. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.11.065.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.juro.2012.11.065

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Tollefson MK; Karnes RJ; Rangel LJ; Bergstralh EJ; Boorjian SA

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Mayo Medical School and Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota. Electronic address: Tollefson.matthew@mayo.edu.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: Clinical stage has been incorporated into multiple risk stratification models for patients with newly diagnosed prostate cancer. However, the independent prognostic value of this variable remains open to debate. In this study we evaluated the association of clinical stage with death from prostate cancer in men who underwent radical prostatectomy and assessed for changes in its prognostic value over time. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed the records of 14,842 consecutive patients who underwent radical prostatectomy at our institution between 1970 and 2008 without having received preoperative hormone or radiation therapy. Postoperative disease recurrence was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using the log rank test. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to analyze the association of clinical stage with outcome. RESULTS: A total of 5,725 (38.6%) men were classified as having cT1 tumors, 8,160 (55.0%) cT2 tumors and 957 (6.4%) cT3 disease. On univariate analysis clinical stage was significantly associated with  postoperative biochemical recurrence, systemic progression and death from prostate cancer (p <0.001 for each). Moreover on multivariate analysis clinical stage was significantly associated with death from cancer for patients treated before (1.45, p = 0.006) and those treated during (1.96, p <0.001) the prostate specific antigen era. Furthermore, the incorporation of clinical stage into contemporary risk stratification improved the prediction of cancer specific survival (c statistic 0.782 without and 0.802 with clinical stage). CONCLUSIONS:  Clinical stage is significantly associated with systemic progression and death from prostate cancer. Inclusion of this variable in multivariate prediction models improves the prediction of systemic progression and cancer specific survival.

 

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[328]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - MiR-210 expression in tumor tissue and in vitro effects of its silencing in renal cell carcinoma.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Tumour Biol. 2013 Feb;34(1):481-91. doi: 10.1007/s13277-012-0573-2. Epub 2012 Nov 13.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s13277-012-0573-2

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Redova M; Poprach A; Besse A; Iliev R; Nekvindova J; Lakomy R; Radova L; Svoboda M; Dolezel J; Vyzula R; Slaby O

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Comprehensive Cancer Care, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Zluty kopec 7, 656 53, Brno, Czech Republic.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common neoplasm of adult kidney accounting for about 3 % of adult malignancies. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of naturally  occurring, short non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. We determined global miRNA expression profiles of RCC and parallel renal parenchyma tissues by using quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction-based TaqMan low-density arrays. Afterward, we validated the difference in miR-210 expression levels on the larger group of RCC patients (35 RCC versus 10 non-tumorous parenchyma samples). Functional in vitro experiments were performed on ACHN and CAKI-2 RCC cell lines  transfected with miRNA-210 inhibitor. Cell viability, apoptosis, cell cycle, scratch wound migration assay, and invasion assay (xCELLigence) were performed. We have identified original ccRCC-specific miRNA signature in clinical samples (73 miRNAs were significantly downregulated and five miRNAs upregulated (P < 0.003)). Increased expression levels of miR-210 in RCC tumor tissue were independently validated. We observed decreased viability of ACHN and CAKI-2 cells and accumulation of CAKI-2 in G2 phase of cell cycle after silencing of miR-210 expression. Downregulation of miR-210 also reduced the migratory and invasive potential of ACHN metastatic RCC cells. Moreover, we showed downregulation of HIF1a protein in both cell lines after miR-210 silencing indicating participation of miR-210 in hypoxic processes of RCC not only through regulation of its target  mRNAs but also by indirect regulation of HIF1a. To our knowledge, this is the first report to show miR-210 regulatory effects on cell migration, invasive potential, and HIF1a protein in RCC cells.

 

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[329]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Risk of de novo cancers after transplantation: results from a cohort of 7217 kidney transplant recipients, Italy 1997-2009.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Eur J Cancer. 2013 Jan;49(2):336-44. doi: 10.1016/j.ejca.2012.09.013. Epub 2012 Oct 10.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.ejca.2012.09.013

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Piselli P; Serraino D; Segoloni GP; Sandrini S; Piredda GB; Scolari MP; Rigotti P; Busnach G; Messa P; Donati D; Schena FP; Maresca MC; Tisone G; Veroux M; Sparacino V; Pisani F; Citterio F

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Epidemiology, INMI L. Spallanzani, Rome, Italy. pierluca.piselli@inmi.it

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - To assess incidence and risk factors for de novo cancers (DNCs) after kidney transplant (KT), we carried out a cohort investigation in 15 Italian KT centres.  Seven thousand two-hundred seventeen KT recipients (64.2% men), transplanted between 1997 and 2007 and followed-up until 2009, represented the study group. Person years (PY) were computed from 30 days after transplant to cancer diagnosis, death, return to dialysis or to study closure. The number of observed  DNCs was compared to that expected in the general population of Italy through standardised incidence ratios (SIR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). To identify risk factors, incidence rate ratios (IRR) were computed. Three-hundred ninety five DNCs were diagnosed during 39.598PYs, with Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS), post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD), particularly non-Hodgkin’ lymphoma (NHL), lung, kidney and prostate as the most common types. The overall IR was 9.98/1.000PY, with a 1.7-fold augmented SIR (95% CI: 1.6-1.9). SIRs were particularly elevated for KS (135), lip (9.4), kidney carcinoma (4.9), NHL (4.5)  and mesothelioma (4.2). KT recipients born in Southern Italy were at reduced risk of kidney cancer and solid tumors, though at a higher KS risk, than those born in Northern Italy. Use of mTOR inhibitors (mTORi) exerted, for all cancers combined, a 46% significantly reduced risk (95% CI: 0.4-0.7). Our study findings confirmed, in Italy, the increased risks for cancer following KT, and they also suggested a  possible protective effect of mTORi in reducing the frequency of post transplant  cancers.

 

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[330]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - MicroRNAs miR-371-3 in serum as diagnostic tools in the management of testicular  germ cell tumours.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Br J Cancer. 2012 Nov 6;107(10):1754-60. doi: 10.1038/bjc.2012.469. Epub 2012 Oct 11.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1038/bjc.2012.469

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Dieckmann KP; Spiekermann M; Balks T; Flor I; Loning T; Bullerdiek J; Belge G

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Albertinen-Hospital, Suentel Strabetae 11a, Hamburg 22457, Germany. DieckmannKP@t-online.de

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: miRNAs are small noncoding RNA molecules that can be released into body fluids. Germ cell tumours (GCTs) overexpress miRNAs of the miR-371-3 cluster. Thus, serum levels of these miRNAs may correlate with tumour load. METHODS: miRNAs of the miR-371-3 cluster were quantified in cubital vein blood samples of 20 GCT patients with clinical stage 1, and of 4 patients with advanced stages before and after treatment. In six patients testicular vein blood (TVB) was examined additionally. Seventeen healthy males served as controls. Likewise,  expression of miRNAs in 15 matching tumour specimens was measured. RESULTS: In all patients, serum levels of miRNAs 371-3 were much higher than in controls. In  stage 1, levels decreased postoperatively 336.7-fold, 7.4-fold, and 7.7-fold for  miRNAs 371a-3p, 372, and 373-3p, respectively (P<0.01). Also, in those cases with advanced disease levels dropped to the normal range after completion of treatment. miR-371-3 levels in TVB exceeded those in peripheral blood in all cases. Expression of miR-371a-3p was also documented in tumour tissue. However, no correlation was found regarding the extent of miRNA expression in tissue and the values measured in matching serum. CONCLUSION: Thus, miR-371a-3p serum level  appears to be a useful biomarker in GCTs.

 

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[331]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Her2 amplification distinguishes a subset of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancers  with a high risk of progression.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Clin Pathol. 2013 Feb;66(2):113-9. doi: 10.1136/jclinpath-2012-200944. Epub 2012 Oct 19.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1136/jclinpath-2012-200944

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Chen PC; Yu HJ; Chang YH; Pan CC

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Pathology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital & National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan. ccpan@vghtpe.gov.tw

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Several studies have employed immunohistochemistry to detect Her2/neu overexpression in urothelial carcinomas, yielding a tremendous range of positive  expression rates. Few studies have examined Her2 status in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) using fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH). AIM: To evaluate Her2 amplification in NMIBC (Ta/T1), to correlate the findings with recurrence and progression, and compare the Her2 status between primary and progressive tumours. METHODS: FISH and immunohistochemistry for Her2/neu were performed on tissue arrays consisting of 36 papillary urothelial neoplasms of low malignant potential (PUNLMPs), 190 low grade urothelial carcinomas (LG-UCs) and 178 high grade urothelial carcinomas (HG-UCs). 32 cases with specimens of both primary and progressive tumours (from Ta/T1 to T2-4) were included for comparative analyses. RESULTS: 16 HG-UCs (9.0%) showed Her2 gene amplification while none of the PUNLMPs and LG-UCs showed this aberration. There was 100% concordance in the status of Her2 amplification between primary and progressive lesions. Immunohistochemistry and FISH results were in closest agreement when overexpression was defined as 50% of tumour cells showing immunoreactivity. The cumulative incidences of recurrence and progression in Her2-amplified HG-UC were  significantly higher than in those without amplification. CONCLUSIONS: A subset of high-grade NMIBCs contain Her2 amplification and are associated with markedly  aggressive behaviour. Her2 diagnostics are valuable for distinguishing patients who require diligent surveillance and would potentially benefit from anti-Her2 therapies.

 

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[332]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Severe genitourinary toxicity following radiation therapy for prostate cancer—how long does it last?

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Urol. 2013 Jan;189(1):116-21. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.08.091. Epub 2012 Nov 16.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.juro.2012.08.091

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Kim S; Moore DF; Shih W; Lin Y; Li H; Shao YH; Shen S; Lu-Yao GL

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - The Dean and Betty Gallo Prostate Cancer Center, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: Radiation therapy is a common treatment for localized prostate cancer but long-term data are sparse on treatment related toxicity compared to observation. We evaluated the time course of grade 2-4 genitourinary toxicities in men treated with primary radiation or observation for T1-T2 prostate cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a population based cohort study using Medicare claims data linked to SEER (Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results)  data. Cumulative incidence functions for time to first genitourinary event were calculated based on the competing risks model with death before any genitourinary event as a competing event. The generalized estimating equation method was used to evaluate the risk ratios of recurrent events. RESULTS: Of the study patients 60,134 received radiation therapy and 25,904 underwent observation. The adjusted  risk ratio for genitourinary toxicity was 2.49 (95% CI 2.00-3.11) for 10 years and thereafter. Patients who had required prior procedures for obstruction/stricture, including transurethral prostate resection, before radiation therapy were at significantly increased risk for genitourinary toxicity (risk ratio 2.78, 95% CI 2.56-2.94). CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that the increased risk of grade 2-4 genitourinary toxicities attributable to radiation therapy persists 10 years after treatment and thereafter. Patients who  required prior procedures for obstruction/stricture were at higher risk for genitourinary toxicity than those without these preexisting conditions.

 

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[333]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Bufalin prevents the migration and invasion of T24 bladder carcinoma cells through the inactivation of matrix metalloproteinases and modulation of tight junctions.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Int J Oncol. 2013 Jan;42(1):277-86. doi: 10.3892/ijo.2012.1683. Epub 2012 Nov 2.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 3892/ijo.2012.1683

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Hong SH; Kim GY; Chang YC; Moon SK; Kim WJ; Choi YH

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Biochemistry and Research Institute of Oriental Medicine, Dongeui University College of Oriental Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Bufalin, a cardiotonic steroid extracted from toad venom, has generally been known to possess a range of biological activities; however, only a few studies have reported the anti-metastatic activity of bufalin. In the present study, we investigated the inhibitory effects of bufalin on cell migration and invasion, two critical cellular processes that are often deregulated during metastasis, using the human bladder cancer cell line, T24. Within the concentration range that was not cytotoxic, bufalin markedly inhibited the cell motility and invasiveness of T24 cells. The inhibitory effects of bufalin on cell invasiveness were associated with the tightening of tight junctions (TJs), which was demonstrated by an increase in transepithelial electrical resistance (TER). Bufalin treatment also repressed the levels of claudin proteins (claudin-2, -3 and -4) and the major components of TJs that play key roles in the control and selectivity of paracellular transport. Furthermore, the activities of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)2 and -9 in T24 cells were dosedependently inhibited by treatment with bufalin and this also correlated with a decrease in their mRNA and protein expression levels; however, the mRNA and protein levels of the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)1 and -2 were increased. In addition, these  effects were related to the increased phosphorylation of the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) pathway. The inhibition of ERK (PD98059) significantly prevented the bufalininduced suppression of T24 cell migration. These findings suggest that bufalin inhibits the migration and invasion of T24 cells by modulating the activity of TJs and MMPs, possibly in association with the activation of ERK.

 

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[334]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Prostate cancer detection rates in different biopsy schemes. Which cores for which patients?

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - World J Urol. 2012 Nov 25.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s00345-012-0989-8

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Cormio L; Scattoni V; Lorusso F; Perrone A; Di Fino G; Selvaggio O; Sanguedolce F; Bufo P; Montorsi F; Carrieri G

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, University of Foggia, via Pinto  1, 71110, Foggia, Italy, luigicormio@libero.it.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: To determine whether the addition of four paramedian peripheral and four lateral peripheral cores improves the cancer detection rate (CDR) of the extended 10-core biopsy scheme and which patients benefit most from such additional samples. METHODS: One thousand and ninety-one consecutive patients scheduled for  first ultrasound-guided transrectal prostate biopsy prospectively underwent a 18-core biopsy scheme, including the traditional sextant (6-core), 4 lateral peripheral (10-core), 4 paramedian peripheral (14-core) and additional 4 lateral  peripheral cores (18-core). RESULTS: The CDR of the 6-, 10-, 14- and 18-core schemes was 33.1, 39.2, 41.6 and 41.8 %, respectively; the difference between the 10- and 6-core scheme reached significance (p < 0.005), whereas that between the  18- or 14- and the 10-core scheme did not. The percentage of tumors diagnosed on  the sole basis of the 14-core scheme was significantly greater in patients with low PSA (</=7.2 vs. >7.2 ng/ml: 12.1 vs. 1.8 %; p < 0.0001), large prostate volume (>/=50 vs. <50 cc: 3.4 vs. 9.1 %; p = 0.011) and particularly low PSA density (<0.15 vs. >/=0.15: 15.9 vs. 1 %; p < 0.0001). The 18-core scheme did not provide diagnostic advantages in any patients’ population. CONCLUSIONS: The addition of 4 lateral peripheral samples did not increase the CDR of the 10-core  biopsy scheme. The addition of four paramedian peripheral samples was beneficial  only in patients with PSA density <0.15, in whom the 10-core scheme would have miss almost 16 % of tumors. Since more than half of our patients had low (<0.15)  PSA density, these findings seem to be of great clinical relevance.

 

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[335]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Activin type IB receptor signaling in prostate cancer cells promotes lymph node metastasis in a xenograft model.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2013 Jan 4;430(1):340-6. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.11.011. Epub 2012 Nov 15.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.bbrc.2012.11.011

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Nomura M; Tanaka K; Wang L; Goto Y; Mukasa C; Ashida K; Takayanagi R

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan. nomura@med.kyushu-u.ac.jp

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Activin, a member of the transforming growth factor-beta family, has been known to be a growth and differentiating factor. Despite its pluripotent effects, the roles of activin signaling in prostate cancer pathogenesis are still unclear. In  this study, we established several cell lines that express a constitutive active  form of activin type IB receptor (ActRIBCA) in human prostate cancer cells, ALVA41 (ALVA-ActRIBCA). There was no apparent change in the proliferation of ALVA-ActRIBCA cells in vitro; however, their migratory ability was significantly  enhanced. In a xenograft model, histological analysis revealed that the expression of Snail, a cell-adhesion-suppressing transcription factor, was dramatically increased in ALVA-ActRIBCA tumors, indicating epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT). Finally, mice bearing ALVA-ActRIBCA cells developed multiple lymph node metastases. In this study, we demonstrated that ActRIBCA signaling can promote cell migration in prostate cancer cells via a network of signaling molecules that work together to trigger the process of EMT, and thereby aid in the aggressiveness and progression of prostate cancers.

 

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[336]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Proliferative effect of histamine on MA-10 leydig tumor cells mediated through HRH2 activation, transient elevation in cAMP production, and increased extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation levels.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Biol Reprod. 2012 Dec 27;87(6):150. doi: 10.1095/biolreprod.112.102905. Print 2012.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1095/biolreprod.112.102905

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Pagotto RM; Monzon C; Moreno MB; Pignataro OP; Mondillo C

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology and Signal Transduction, Institute of Biology and Experimental Medicine, National Research Council (IByME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Mast cells (MC) occur normally in the testis with a species-specific distribution, yet their precise role remains unclear. Testicular MC express histidine decarboxylase (HDC), the unique enzyme responsible for histamine (HA) generation. Evidence to date supports a role for HA as a local regulator of steroidogenesis via functional H(1) and H(2) receptor subtypes (HRH1 and HRH2, respectively) present in Leydig cells. Given that HA is a well-known modulator of physiological and pathological proliferation in many different cell types, we aimed in the present study to evaluate whether HA might contribute to the regulation of Leydig cell number as well as to the control of androgen production. Herein, we demonstrate, to our knowledge for the first time, that MA-10 Leydig tumor cells, but not normal immature Leydig cells (ILC), exhibit a proliferative response upon stimulation with HA that involves HRH2 activation, transient elevation of cAMP levels, and increased extracellular signal-regulated  kinase (ERK) phosphorylation. Our results also reveal that MA-10 cells show significantly heightened HDC expression compared to normal ILC or whole-testicular lysate and that inhibition of HDC activity decreases MA-10 cell  proliferation, suggesting a possible correlation between autocrine overproduction of HA and abnormally increased proliferation in Leydig cells. The facts that germ cells are also both source and target of HA and that multiple testicular cells are susceptible to HA action underline the importance of the present study, which we hope will serve as a first step for further research into regulation of non-MC-related HDC expression within the testis and its significance for testicular function.

 

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[337]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Benign mesenchymal tumours and tumour-like lesions in end-stage renal disease.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Histopathology. 2013 Jan;62(2):229-36. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2012.04349.x. Epub 2012 Sep 28.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1111/j.1365-2559.2012.04349.x

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Buttner M; Kufer V; Brunner K; Hartmann A; Amann K; Agaimy A

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Institute of Pathology, Department of Nephropathology, University Hospital of Erlangen, Krankenhausstrasse 8-10, Erlangen, Germany.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Aims: Mesenchymal neoplasms of the kidney are rare, and most represent sporadic angiomyolipomas. A few haemangiomas have been reported in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) but, to date, no study has focused on the frequency and morphological spectrum of mesenchymal lesions in ESRD. Methods and results: We evaluated retrospectively 90 nephrectomy specimens with ESRD. Haemangiomas were detected in eight cases (8.8%; six males and two females; mean age: 55 years); four were multifocal and four had concurrent renal epithelial neoplasms. Lesions involved the medulla (three), cortex (two) or both (three), and the size range was 1-25 mm (mean 4.8 mm). Histologically, all were capillary haemangiomas with an at least focally detectable spleen-like anastomosing pattern. All tumours stained positively for CD31 and FLI-1, but none expressed pankeratin (KL-1), podoplanin/D2-40, HHV8 or GLUT-1. Minute angiomyolipomas (mean size 2.3 mm) were  detected in four patients (mean age 49.5 years). Tumour-like smooth muscle proliferations were seen surrounding muscular arteries (eight), occasionally admixed with fat extending from the renal sinus mimicking angiomyolipoma. No similar tumours were found in 105 control kidneys. Conclusions: Benign haemangiomas are not uncommon in ESRD, but may be under-recognized. They display  distinctive morphology and should be distinguished from angiosarcomas and capillary-rich renal cell carcinomas.

 

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[338]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - The entire miR-200 seed family is strongly deregulated in clear cell renal cell cancer compared to the proximal tubular epithelial cells of the kidney.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Genes Chromosomes Cancer. 2013 Feb;52(2):165-73. doi: 10.1002/gcc.22016. Epub 2012 Oct 17.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1002/gcc.22016

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Duns G; van den Berg A; van Dijk MC; van Duivenbode I; Giezen C; Kluiver J; van Goor H; Hofstra RM; van den Berg E; Kok K

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Genetics, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Despite numerous studies reporting deregulated microRNA (miRNA) and gene expression patterns in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), no direct comparisons have been made to its presumed normal counterpart: the renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTECs). The aim of this study was to determine the miRNA expression profiles of 10 ccRCC-derived cell lines and short-term cultures  of PTEC and to correlate these with their gene expression and copy-number profiles. Using microarray-based methods, a significantly altered expression level in ccRCC cell lines was observed for 23 miRNAs and 1630 genes. The set of miRNAs with significantly decreased expression levels include all members of the  miR-200 family known to be involved in the epithelial to mesenchymal transition process. Expression levels of 13 of the 47 validated target genes for the downregulated miRNAs were increased more than twofold. Our data reinforce the importance of the epithelial to mesenchymal transition process in the development of ccRCC.

 

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[339]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Protein gene product 9.5 is diagnostically helpful in delineating high-grade renal cell cancer involving the renal medullary/sinus region from invasive urothelial cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Hum Pathol. 2012 Nov 14. pii: S0046-8177(12)00287-0. doi: 10.1016/j.humpath.2012.07.024.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.humpath.2012.07.024

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Gunia S; Erbersdobler A; Koch S; Otto W; Staibano S; D’Alterio C; Brookman-May S

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Pathology, Johanniter Hospital Stendal, 39576 Stendal, Germany. Electronic address: sven-gunia@gmx.de.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - The classification of poorly differentiated carcinomas involving the renal medullary/sinus region might be challenging on conventional histomorphologic grounds alone. However, delineation of high-grade renal cell carcinomas such as collecting duct (Bellini) carcinoma from urothelial cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis is critical, as it conveys important therapeutic implications. We assessed the so far neglected differential diagnostic role of protein gene product 9.5, a  neuropeptide involved in intracellular proteolysis, in terms of differentiating invasive urothelial cell carcinomas of the renal pelvis from high-grade renal cell carcinomas infiltrating the renal medullary/sinus region. To this aim, 21 invasive urothelial cell carcinomas of the renal pelvis and 27 high-grade renal cell carcinomas (8 renal cell carcinomas with sarcomatoid dedifferentiation and 5 type 1 and 7 type 2 papillary renal cell carcinomas as well as 7 collecting duct  carcinomas) were stained with antibodies directed against protein gene product 9.5, CD10, vimentin, CEA, p63, CK5/6, CK7, CK20, PAX2, PAX8, CD117 (c-Kit), AE1/3, alpha-methyl CoA racemase, actin, and desmin. Briefly, strong protein gene product 9.5 expression was observed in 6 (86%) of 7 collecting duct carcinomas, 8 (67%) of 12 papillary renal cell carcinomas, and 2 (25%) of 8 renal cell carcinomas with sarcomatoid dedifferentiation. Conversely, none of the 21 urothelial cell carcinomas investigated showed protein gene product 9.5 expression. Our findings suggest that protein gene product 9.5, particularly if used in conjunction with p63 and CK5/6, might be helpful in differentiating high-grade renal cell carcinomas from urothelial cell carcinomas of the renal pelvis, whereas its specificity with respect to the histologic subtyping of renal cell carcinomas seems to be low. However, because of the limited number of study  cases enrolled in our investigation, our findings need to be validated in the future.

 

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[340]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Selective immunohistochemical markers to distinguish between metastatic high-grade urothelial carcinoma and primary poorly differentiated invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the lung.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2012 Nov;136(11):1339-46. doi: 10.5858/arpa.2011-0575-OA.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 5858/arpa.2011-0575-OA

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Gruver AM; Amin MB; Luthringer DJ; Westfall D; Arora K; Farver CF; Osunkoya AO; McKenney JK; Hansel DE

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave, Desk L25, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - CONTEXT: Distinction between primary lung carcinomas and metastases from other sites, especially the urinary tract, is a common diagnostic dilemma. As urothelial carcinomas can demonstrate a broad range of morphology and frequently  demonstrate squamous differentiation, discerning metastatic urothelial carcinoma  to the lung from primary pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma can be challenging. OBJECTIVE: To investigate immunostains that may aid in the distinction of urothelial carcinoma metastatic to the lung. DESIGN: Staining patterns of 14 markers in primary urothelial carcinoma of the bladder and primary squamous cell  carcinoma of the lung were examined to establish a diagnostic panel. These antibodies were subsequently tested on tumors taken from 30 patients with a paired urinary tract and metastatic lung lesion. RESULTS: The best markers to distinguish poorly differentiated metastatic urothelial carcinoma from primary pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma were CK7, CK20, GATA-3, CK14, desmoglein-3, and uroplakin III, with the utility of the latter dependent upon the quantity of tissue available for analysis. The observed percentage positive staining in nonmetastatic urothelial carcinoma versus primary pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma with these antibodies was as follows: CK7 (100% versus 33%), CK20 (54%  versus 7%), GATA-3 (78% versus 23%), CK14 (32% versus 77%), desmoglein-3 (11% versus 87%), and uroplakin III (14% versus 0%). Similar expression patterns were  observed among the paired cases. CONCLUSION: When interpreted in correlation with clinical history and histomorphology, a panel of immunostains including CK7, CK20, GATA-3, CK14, desmoglein-3, and uroplakin III may be a useful adjunct in the distinction of metastatic urothelial carcinoma to the lung.

 

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[341]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Transitional cell-like morphology in ovarian endometrioid carcinoma: morphologic, immunohistochemical, and behavioral features distinguishing it from high-grade serous carcinoma.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Am J Surg Pathol. 2013 Jan;37(1):24-37. doi: 10.1097/PAS.0b013e31826a5399.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1097/PAS.0b013e31826a5399

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Karnezis AN; Aysal A; Zaloudek CJ; Rabban JT

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0102, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Transitional cell-like growth has been reported as a morphologic variant of endometrioid adenocarcinoma in the uterus but is not well-described in the ovary. We report the clinicopathologic features of a series of ovarian endometrioid adenocarcinomas with transitional cell-like morphology, emphasizing the distinction from its mimics, including high-grade serous carcinoma, transitional  cell carcinoma, and granulosa cell tumor. Among a cohort of 71 ovarian endometrioid adenocarcinomas surgically staged at our institution, 10 tumors (14%) exhibited transitional cell-like morphology. Patient age ranged from 39 to  79 years (mean, 52 y). Five tumors were stage I, 2 were stage II, and 3 stage III. The tumors ranged from 8.5 to 23 cm, and the transitional cell-like component occupied from 5% to 90% of the overall tumor, with the remainder being  conventional endometrioid adenocarcinoma. The most compelling findings to support that this tumor pattern represents a morphologic variant of endometrioid adenocarcinoma are that the transitional cell-like components (1) merged directly and seamlessly with the conventional endometrioid component; (2) contained areas  of mature or immature squamous differentiation; (3) lacked WT1 immunoexpression;  (4) lacked the characteristic p53/p16 immunophenotype of high-grade serous carcinoma; and (5) did not appear to independently affect patient outcome. Two patients (20%) whose tumor contained transitional cell-like morphology died, whereas 14 patients (23%) lacking this morphology died. Although uncommon, transitional cell-like morphology appears to be a variant growth pattern of ovarian endometrioid adenocarcinoma that does not affect behavior and that should be distinguished from high-grade serous carcinoma and conventional ovarian transitional cell carcinoma.

 

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[342]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Dietary intake of nitrate and nitrite and risk of renal cell carcinoma in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Br J Cancer. 2013 Jan 15;108(1):205-12. doi: 10.1038/bjc.2012.522. Epub 2012 Nov  20.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1038/bjc.2012.522

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Dellavalle CT; Daniel CR; Aschebrook-Kilfoy B; Hollenbeck AR; Cross AJ; Sinha R; Ward MH

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Health and Human Services, Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, NIH/DHHS, 6120 Executive Boulevard, EPS 8011, Bethesda, Rockville, MD 20892, USA. dellavallec@mail.nih.gov

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Nitrate and nitrite are present in many foods and are precursors of N-nitroso compounds, known animal carcinogens and potential human carcinogens. We prospectively investigated the association between nitrate and nitrite intake from dietary sources and risk of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) overall and clear cell and papillary histological subtypes in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study. METHODS: Nitrate and nitrite intakes were estimated from a 124-item food frequency questionnaire. Over a mean follow-up of 9 years, we identified 1816 RCC cases (n=498, clear cell; n=115, papillary cell) among 491 841 participants. Cox  proportional hazard regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS: Individuals in the highest quintile of nitrite intake from animal sources compared with those in the lowest quintile, had an increased risk of total RCC and clear cell subtype (HR=1.28, 95% CI, 1.10-1.49 and HR=1.68, 95% CI, 1.25-2.27, respectively). Nitrite from processed meats and other animal sources were associated with increased clear cell adenocarcinoma risk (HR=1.33, 95% CI, 1.01-1.76 and HR=1.78, 95% CI, 1.34-2.36, respectively). We found no association for nitrite intake from plant sources or nitrate intake overall. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that nitrite from animal sources may increase the risk of RCC, particularly clear cell adenocarcinomas.

 

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[343]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Detection of prostate cancer by sialic acid level in patients with non-diagnostic levels of prostate-specific antigen.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Maturitas. 2012 Dec;73(4):325-30. doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2012.07.016. Epub 2012 Sep 29.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.maturitas.2012.07.016

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Michalakis K; Ilias I; Triantafyllou A; Polymeris A; Kastriotis I; Chairakaki AD; Savopoulos C

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Endocrinology, Elena Venizelou Maternity Hospital, Athens 15237, Greece. kostismichalakis@hotmail.com

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - INTRODUCTION: Ideally, there will be reproducible markers easily and non-invasively available to test for malignancy, or alternative procedures when there is no accurate marker available. For prostate cancer, one of the most common cancers in men, levels of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) lack specificity and sensitivity for the determination of malignancy when they fall within a range of values termed the ‘grey zone’. OBJECTIVE: To examine the predictive value of sialic acid in prostate neoplasms. STUDY DESIGN: In our study of diagnostic accuracy we recruited 70 men complaining of urinary symptoms who presented in the urology department as outpatients or inpatients. All patients were checked with biopsy and pathology in order to relate benign and malignant lesions of the prostate to levels of sialic acid, a member of a family of acetylated products of neuraminic acid, which has so far proved to be a very sensitive and accurate marker of malignancy. RESULTS: The sialic acid level was found to be elevated in  patients with prostate cancer (mean 75.06+/-10.4 mg/dl) and reduced in patients with benign prostate hyperplasia (mean 57.086+/-8.7 mg/dl) (p<0.01); it had a sensitivity of 86% and specificity of 84% in diagnosing malignancy. CONCLUSION: Sialic acid can be used as an adjunct in predicting prostate malignancy when PSA  values fall in the grey zone.

 

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[344]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - A(3) adenosine receptor mediates apoptosis in 5637 human bladder cancer cells by  G(q) protein/PKC-dependent AIF upregulation.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Cell Physiol Biochem. 2012;30(5):1159-68. doi: 10.1159/000343306. Epub 2012 Oct 5.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1159/000343306

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Kanno T; Gotoh A; Fujita Y; Nakano T; Nishizaki T

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Division of Bioinformation, Department of Physiology, Hyogo College of Medicine,  1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Japan.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND/AIMS: A(3) adenosine receptor mediates apoptosis in a variety of cancer cells via diverse signaling pathways. The present study was conducted to assess A(3) adenosine receptor-mediated apoptosis in human bladder cancer cell lines and to understand the underlying mechanism. METHODS: Human bladder cancer cell lines such as 253J, 5637, KK-47, TCCSUP, T24, and UMUC-3 cells were cultured. The siRNA to silence the A(3) adenosine receptor-targeted gene was constructed and transfected into cells. MTT assay, TUNEL staining, Western blotting, and real-time RT-PCR were carried out. RESULTS: For all the investigated cell types adenosine induced apoptosis in a concentration (0.01-10 mM)- and treatment time (24-48 h)-dependent manner. Adenosine-induced 5637 cell death was significantly inhibited by the A(3) adenosine receptor inhibitor MRS1191 or knocking-down A(3) adenosine receptor, and the A(3) adenosine receptor agonist 2-Cl-IB-MECA mimicked the adenosine effect. The adenosine effect was prevented by GF109203X, an inhibitor of protein kinase C (PKC), but it was not affected by forskolin, an activator of adenylate cyclase. Adenosine-induced 5637  cell death, alternatively, was not inhibited by the pan-caspase inhibitor Z-VAD.  Adenosine upregulated expression of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), that is suppressed by knocking-down A(3) adenosine receptor, and accumulated AIF in the nucleus. CONCLUSION: The results of the present study show that adenosine induces 5637 cell apoptosis by upregulating AIF expression via an A(3) adenosine receptor-mediated G(q) protein/PKC pathway.

 

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[345]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - MicroRNA-320 suppresses the stem cell-like characteristics of prostate cancer cells by downregulating the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Carcinogenesis. 2013 Mar;34(3):530-8. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgs371. Epub 2012 Nov 26.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1093/carcin/bgs371

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Hsieh IS; Chang KC; Tsai YT; Ke JY; Lu PJ; Lee KH; Yeh SD; Hong TM; Chen YL

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Prostate cancer (PCa) is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in men worldwide, and emerging evidence suggests that the CD44(high) prostate tumor-initiating cells (TICs) are associated with its poor prognosis. Although microRNAs are frequently dysregulated in human cancers, the influence of microRNAs on PCa malignancy and whether targeting TIC-associated microRNAs inhibit PCa progression remain unclear. In this study, we found that miR-320 is significantly downregulated in PCa. Overexpression of miR-320 in PCa cells decreases PCa tumorigenesis in vitro and in vivo. Global gene expression profiling of miR-320-overexpressing PCa cells reveals that downstream target genes of Wnt/beta-catenin pathway and cancer stem cell markers are significantly  decreased. MicroRNA-320 inhibits beta-catenin expression by targeting the 3’-untranslated region of beta-catenin mRNA. The reduction of miR-320 associated  with increased beta-catenin was also found in CD44(high) subpopulation of prostate cancer cells and clinical PCa specimens. Interestingly, knockdown of miR-320 significantly increases the cancer stem-like properties, such as tumorsphere formation, chemoresistance and tumorigenic abilities, although enriching the population of stem-like TICs among PCa cells. Furthermore, increased miR-320 expression in prostate stem-like TICs significantly suppresses  stem cell-like properties of PCa cells. These results support that miR-320 is a key negative regulator in prostate TICs, and suggest developing miR-320 as a novel therapeutic agent may offer benefits for PCa treatment.

 

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[346]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Impact of ischemia and procurement conditions on gene expression in renal cell carcinoma.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Clin Cancer Res. 2013 Jan 1;19(1):42-9. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-12-2606. Epub  2012 Nov 7.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1158/1078-0432.CCR-12-2606

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Liu NW; Sanford T; Srinivasan R; Liu JL; Khurana K; Aprelikova O; Valero V; Bechert C; Worrell R; Pinto PA; Yang Y; Merino M; Linehan WM; Bratslavsky G

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Urologic Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: Previous studies have shown that ischemia alters gene expression in normal and malignant tissues. There are no studies that evaluated effects of ischemia in renal tumors. This study examines the impact of ischemia and tissue procurement conditions on RNA integrity and gene expression in renal cell carcinoma. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Ten renal tumors were resected without renal hilar clamping from 10 patients with renal clear cell carcinoma. Immediately after tumor resection, a piece of tumor was snap frozen. Remaining tumor samples  were stored at 4 degrees C, 22 degrees C, and 37 degrees C and frozen at 5, 30, 60, 120, and 240 minutes. Histopathologic evaluation was conducted on all tissue  samples, and only those with greater than 80% tumor were selected for further analysis. RNA integrity was confirmed by electropherograms and quantitated using  RNA integrity number index. Altered gene expression was assessed by paired, two-sample t test between the zero time point and aliquots from various conditions obtained from the same tumor. RESULTS: One hundred and forty microarrays were conducted. Some RNA degradation was observed 240 minutes after resection at 37 degrees C. The expression of more than 4,000 genes was significantly altered by ischemia times or storage conditions. The greatest gene  expression changes were observed with longer ischemia time and warmer tissue procurement conditions. CONCLUSION: RNA from kidney cancer remains intact for up  to 4 hours post surgical resection regardless of storage conditions. Despite excellent RNA preservation, time after resection and procurement conditions significantly influence gene expression profiles. Meticulous attention to preacquisition variables is of paramount importance for accurate tumor profiling.

 

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[347]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Candiduria in haematologic malignancy patients without a urinary catheter: nothing more than a frailty marker?

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Mycoses. 2012 Nov 22. doi: 10.1111/myc.12024.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1111/myc.12024

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Georgiadou SP; Tarrand J; Sipsas NV; Kontoyiannis DP

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control and Employee Health, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA Department of Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston,  TX, USA Infectious Diseases Unit, Pathophysiology Department, Laikon General Hospital and Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - There is scarcity of data regarding significance of candiduria in patients with haematologic malignancies and its association with invasive candidiasis. To that  end, we retrospectively evaluated all hospitalised, non-intensive care unit patients with haematologic malignancies and candiduria during a 10-year period (2001-2011). To decrease the possibility of bladder colonisation and sample contamination, we excluded all patients with candiduria who had urinary catheters and those with concomitant bacteriuria. Twenty-four such patients (21 females) were identified, with median age at diagnosis 62 years (range, 20-82 years). Acute leukaemia was the most common underlying disease (54%); 62% of these cases  were not in remission. Twenty-nine percent of the patients had diabetes mellitus  and 25% were neutropenic. The most common isolated Candida species was Candida glabrata (37%), followed by C. albicans (29%). Only 8% of them had urinary tract  infection symptoms. However, 88% received systemic antifungals. Candidemia and crude mortality rates at 4 weeks were low (4% and 12% respectively). Isolated candiduria in patients with haematologic malignancies has risk factors similar to those in other hospitalised patients, and it does not seem to be a strong predictor of subsequent invasive candidiasis.

 

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[348]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Risk of total and aggressive prostate cancer and pesticide use in the Agricultural Health Study.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Am J Epidemiol. 2013 Jan 1;177(1):59-74. doi: 10.1093/aje/kws225. Epub 2012 Nov 21.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1093/aje/kws225

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Koutros S; Beane Freeman LE; Lubin JH; Heltshe SL; Andreotti G; Barry KH; DellaValle CT; Hoppin JA; Sandler DP; Lynch CF; Blair A; Alavanja MC

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 6120 Executive Boulevard, EPS 8115, MSC 7240, Rockville, MD 20852, USA. KoutrosS@mail.nih.gov

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Because pesticides may operate through different mechanisms, the authors studied  the risk of prostate cancer associated with specific pesticides in the Agricultural Health Study (1993-2007). With 1,962 incident cases, including 919 aggressive prostate cancers among 54,412 applicators, this is the largest study to date. Rate ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated by using Poisson regression to evaluate lifetime use of 48 pesticides and prostate cancer  incidence. Three organophosphate insecticides were significantly associated with  aggressive prostate cancer: fonofos (rate ratio (RR) for the highest quartile of  exposure (Q4) vs. nonexposed = 1.63, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.22, 2.17; P(trend) < 0.001); malathion (RR for Q4 vs. nonexposed = 1.43, 95% CI: 1.08, 1.88; P(trend) = 0.04); and terbufos (RR for Q4 vs. nonexposed = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.64; P(trend) = 0.03). The organochlorine insecticide aldrin was also associated with increased risk of aggressive prostate cancer (RR for Q4 vs. nonexposed = 1.49, 95% CI: 1.03, 2.18; P(trend) = 0.02). This analysis has overcome several limitations of previous studies with the inclusion of a large number of cases with relevant exposure and detailed information on use of specific pesticides at 2 points in time. Furthermore, this is the first time specific pesticides are implicated as risk factors for aggressive prostate cancer.

 

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[349]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Loss of expression of growth differentiation factor-9 (GDF9) in human kidney cancer and regulation of growth and migration of kidney cancer cells by GDF9.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Anticancer Res. 2012 Oct;32(10):4375-83.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Du P; Ye L; Li H; Ruge F; Yang Y; Jiang WG

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Peking University Cancer Hospital, Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China. yoya_urology@sina.com.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Growth differentiation factor-9 (GDF9), a member of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family and the transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta  superfamily, has recently been implicated in the biological control of cancer cell behaviour. It has also been implicated in the development and spread of solid cancer. However, the role of GDF9 in kidney cancer remains to be investigated. In the present study, the expression of GDF9 in normal and malignant human kidney tissues and its molecular and cellular impact on human kidney cancer cells were investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The expression of GDF9 in human kidney tissues and kidney cancer cell lines (UMRC-2 and CAKI-2) was assessed at both the mRNA and protein levels using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry, respectively. GDF9 overexpression was induced by a mammalian GDF9 expression construct. The effect of GDF9 expression on cellular functions was examined in kidney cancer cells overexpressing GDF9 using a variety of in vitro assays. RESULTS: In normal kidney tissues, stronger staining of GDF9 was seen in renal tubular epithelial cells, both in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus. In contrast,  the staining of GDF9 was notably weak or absent in cells of tumour tissues. Human kidney cancer cell lines UMRC-2 and CAKI-2 had lost their GDG-9 expression. Overexpression of GDF9 reduced in vitro invasion and cellular growth and migration of kidney cell lines in vitro. Using the electric cell-substrate sensing (ECIS) method, it was further revealed that overexpression of GDF9 in these cells markedly reduced cellular migration and adhesion. CONCLUSION: Human kidney tumours have a reduced or loss of expression of GDF9. In vitro, GDF9 overexpression suppresses the invasiveness, growth and migration of kidney cancer cells. This suggests that GDF9 is a potential tumour suppressor and may have prognostic and therapeutic implications in human kidney cancer.

 

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[350]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Urinary hydrophilic and hydrophobic metabolic profiling based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry methods: Differential metabolite discovery specific to ovarian cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Electrophoresis. 2012 Nov;33(22):3361-9. doi: 10.1002/elps.201200140. Epub 2012 Oct 27.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1002/elps.201200140

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Chen J; Zhou L; Zhang X; Lu X; Cao R; Xu C; Xu G

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, P.R. China.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Discovery of novel metabolite biomarker(s) for improved ovarian cancer diagnosis  is of great importance. In this paper, the differences of urinary hydrophilic and hydrophobic metabolic profiling between healthy women, benign ovarian tumor, and  ovarian cancer patients were studied by metabolomics strategy. Metabolites in urine were analyzed on hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) and reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) coupled to MS. Data from HILIC or RPLC, positive or negative ion detection mode were found to be complementary. Data were filtered by orthogonal signal correction (OSC) method, and the three groups were discriminated by partial least squares discrimination analysis (PLS-DA) models. By combining the four datasets, maximum information can be collected, and a PLS-DA model was built after OSC filtering. The model based on combined dataset is superior to the ones based on the separate dataset, and important metabolites were screened based on the combined dataset model. Five metabolites were found to be specific to ovarian cancer and ten metabolites were  considered commonly related to ovarian cancer and benign ovarian tumor. Combination of RPLC and HILIC separation, as well as positive and negative ion detection in metabolomic studies show advantages in collecting various metabolites information that helps us better understand the metabolic event.

 

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[351]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Evaluation of adrenal metastases from renal cell carcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma: use of delayed contrast-enhanced CT.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Radiology. 2013 Feb;266(2):514-20. doi: 10.1148/radiol.12120110. Epub 2012 Nov 14.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1148/radiol.12120110

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Choi YA; Kim CK; Park BK; Kim B

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 50 Ilwon-dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 135-710, Republic of Korea.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: To retrospectively compare absolute and relative washout of adrenal metastases in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) to that of adrenal adenoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between November 1994 and August 2011, in this institutional review board-approved study  (with waiver of informed consent), 16 patients with 19 adrenal metastases (16 in  13 RCC patients, three in three HCC patients) and 20 patients with 21 adrenal adenomas (16 in 15 RCC patients, five in five HCC patients) underwent dedicated adrenal protocol consisting of unenhanced, 1-minute contrast material-enhanced, and 15-minute delayed contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT). The attenuation values and percentage enhancement washout, including absolute percentage washout  (APW) and relative percentage washout (RPW), were calculated. If available, histologic findings and the change in the size of adrenal lesions were assessed.  Statistical analyses were performed by using generalized estimating equation and  coefficient of variation. RESULTS: The mean APW of the metastases (observer 1, 67% +/- 11 [standard deviation]; observer 2, 63% +/- 12) was not significantly different from that of adenomas (observer 1, 73% +/- 9; observer 2, 72% +/- 12) for observer 1 (P = .143) and was significantly different for observer 2 (P = .029). The mean RPW of the metastases (observer 1, 46% +/- 11; observer 2, 43% +/- 12) was significantly lower than that of adenomas (observer 1, 62% +/- 19; observer 2, 60% +/- 17) (all P < .001 for each observer). With a threshold of 60% for APW or 40% for RPW, 95% (18 of 19) and 89% (17 of 19), respectively, of the metastases were falsely diagnosed as lipid-poor adenomas by each observer. All nine metastases that were followed up at CT had a substantial growth in size. CONCLUSION: In patients with RCC and HCC who undergo dedicated adrenal CT imaging for known adrenal lesions, the percentage enhancement washout of adrenal metastases is similar to that of lipid-poor adrenal adenomas. Careful imaging follow-up or pathologic tissue confirmation is needed.

 

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[352]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Insulin-like 3 signaling is important for testicular descent but dispensable for  spermatogenesis and germ cell survival in adult mice.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Biol Reprod. 2012 Dec 21;87(6):143. doi: 10.1095/biolreprod.112.103382. Print 2012.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1095/biolreprod.112.103382

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Huang Z; Rivas B; Agoulnik AI

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Relaxin family peptide receptor 2 (RXFP2) is the cognate receptor of a peptide hormone insulin-like 3 (INSL3). INSL3 is expressed at high levels in both fetal and adult Leydig cells. Deletion of Insl3 or Rxfp2 genes in mice caused cryptorchidism resulting from a failure of gubernaculum development. Using a novel mouse transgenic line with a knock-in LacZ reporter in the Rxfp2 locus, we  detected a robust Rxfp2 expression in embryonic and early postnatal gubernaculum  in males and in postmeiotic spermatogenic cells in adult testis. To study the role of INSL3/RXFP2 signaling in male reproduction, we produced a floxed Rxfp2 allele and used the Cre/loxP approach to delete Rxfp2 in different tissues. Using Cre transgene driven by retinoic acid receptor beta promoter, conditional gene targeting in gubernacular mesenchymal cells at early embryonic stages caused high intraabdominal cryptorchidism as in males with a global deletion of Rxfp2. However, when the Rxfp2 was deleted in gubernacular smooth or striated muscle cells, no abnormalities of testicular descent or testis development were found. Specific ablation of Rxfp2 in male germ cells using Stra8-icre transgene did not  affect testis descent, spermatogenesis, or fertility in adult males. No significant change in germ cell apoptosis was detected in mutant males. In summary, our data indicate that the INSL3/RXFP2 signaling is important for testicular descent but dispensable for spermatogenesis and fertility in adult males.

 

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[353]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Prostate-specific antigen kallikrein, non-ST elevation myocardial infarction and  a new-onset atrial fibrillation in hypertensive patients.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Int J Cardiol. 2012 Oct 17. pii: S0167-5273(12)01329-0. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2012.09.208.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.ijcard.2012.09.208

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Patane S

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Cardiologia Ospedale San Vincenzo-Taormina (Me) Azienda Sanitaria Provinciale di  Messina, Contrada Sirina, 98039 Taormina (Messina), Italy. Electronic address: patane-@libero.it.

 

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[354]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Age-dependent associations between androgenetic alopecia and prostate cancer risk.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2013 Feb;22(2):209-15. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-12-0860. Epub 2012 Oct 16.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1158/1055-9965.EPI-12-0860

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Muller DC; Giles GG; Sinclair R; Hopper JL; English DR; Severi G

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council of Victoria, Australia. david.muller@cancervic.org.au

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Both prostate cancer and androgenetic alopecia are strongly age-related conditions that are considered to be androgen dependent, but studies  of the relationship between them have yielded inconsistent results. We aimed to assess whether androgenetic alopecia at ages 20 and 40 years are associated with  risk of prostate cancer. METHODS: At a follow-up of the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study, men were asked to assess their hair pattern at ages 20 and 40 years relative to eight categories in showcards. Cases were men notified to the Victorian Cancer Registry with prostate cancer diagnosed between cohort enrollment (1990-1994) and follow-up attendance (2003-2009). Flexible parametric  survival models were used to estimate age-varying HRs and predicted cumulative probabilities of prostate cancer by androgenetic alopecia categories. RESULTS: Of 9,448 men that attended follow-up and provided data on androgenetic alopecia, we  identified 476 prostate cancer cases during a median follow-up of 11 years four months. Cumulative probability of prostate cancer was greater at all ages up to 76 years, for men with vertex versus no androgenetic alopecia at age of 40 years. At age of 76 years, the estimated probabilities converged to 0.15. Vertex androgenetic alopecia at 40 years was also associated with younger age of diagnosis for prostate cancer cases. CONCLUSIONS: Vertex androgenetic alopecia at age of 40 years might be a marker of increased risk of early-onset prostate cancer. Impact: If confirmed, these results suggest that the apparently conflicting findings of previous studies might be explained by failure to adequately model the age-varying nature of the association between androgenetic alopecia and prostate cancer.

 

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[355]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Primary benign vascular tumors and tumorlike lesions of the kidney: a clinicopathologic analysis of 15 cases.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Virchows Arch. 2012 Dec;461(6):669-76. doi: 10.1007/s00428-012-1333-9. Epub 2012  Oct 23.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s00428-012-1333-9

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Mehta V; Ananthanarayanan V; Antic T; Krausz T; Milner J; Venkataraman G; Picken MM

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Pathology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Primary benign vascular lesions of the kidney are uncommonly encountered in routine surgical pathology practice. They can, however, mimic malignancy or be an incidental finding adjacent to a malignancy. Fifteen specimens harboring 16 primary benign renal lymphatic/vascular lesions were identified from our files from 1999 to 2011 and subjected to a detailed pathologic evaluation and clinicopathologic correlation. Clinical and demographic data were available for all the 15 cases. There were ten males and five female patients with age range of 33-74 years (mean 54 years). Lesions ranged from 0.5 cm to 40 cm (average, 6.6 cm). There were six arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), four hemangiomas, three anastomosing hemangiomas, two lymphangiomas, and one solid intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia (IPEH). Five AVMs were located in the kidney parenchyma and one in the pelviureteric system. Additional associated lesions ranged from renal stones to renal cell carcinoma in two cases (one lymphangioma and one AVM). One AVM was associated with a capillary hemangioma in the vicinity, and another with a history of renal cell carcinoma in the contralateral kidney. Capillary hemangiomas and lymphangiomas were noninfiltrative and lacked cytological atypia and mitotic activity. Except for a renal pelvic AVM, all other renal AVMs radiologically mimicked malignancy. The patients had undergone partial or radical nephrectomies except for the renal pelvic AVM which was laparoscopically excised. To the best of our knowledge, none of the cases had any syndromic/systemic associations. Benign vascular lesions of the kidney are rarely seen in routine surgical pathology practice, partly because a vast majority of them are medically treated by embolization. However, lesions mimicking renal malignancy are subjected to surgery. They may exist as isolated lesions or coexist with malignant lesions either in the ipsilateral or the contralateral kidney.

 

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[356]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - The trifecta outcome in 300 consecutive cases of robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy according to D’Amico risk criteria.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Eur J Surg Oncol. 2013 Jan;39(1):107-13. doi: 10.1016/j.ejso.2012.10.003. Epub 2012 Oct 22.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.ejso.2012.10.003

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Ou YC; Yang CK; Wang J; Hung SW; Cheng CL; Tewari AK; Patel VR

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, National Yang-Ming University, Taiwan. ycou228@gmail.com

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: To analyze the trifecta outcome (continence, potency, and cancer control) in 300 cases of robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RARP). METHODS: A prospective assessment of outcomes in 300 consecutive patients that underwent a RARP performed by a single surgeon. Patients were grouped according to D’Amico risk criteria: Group I consisted of ‘low-risk’ cases (n = 64), Group II consisted of ‘intermediate-risk’ cases (n = 88), and Group III consisted of ‘high-risk’ cases (n = 148). Patients were evaluated for perioperative complications and the trifecta outcome. RESULTS: The operation time, blood loss, post-operative stay, duration of urethral catheterization, and  perioperative complication rate were similar among all groups. The incidence of bilateral neurovascular bundle (NVB) preservation was significantly decreased with the increasing risk of cases (P < 0.001). The continence rates at the 1-week, 1-month, 3-month, 6-month, and 12-month follow-ups did not differ significantly between groups. The potency rates at the 12-month follow-up were not significantly different. The positive surgical margin and positive lymph node metastasis rate increased with the increasing risk of cases (P < 0.001). The biochemical recurrence rate (BCR, PSA >0.2 ng/mL) was 3.1, 11.36, and 19.59% in Groups I, II and III, respectively (P = 0.004). The trifecta outcome for RARP with bilateral NVB preservation showed no significant differences among groups. CONCLUSIONS: Undergoing a RARP is safe and feasible in high-risk prostate cancer  patients. Compared to low-risk and intermediate-risk groups, the high-risk group  had a significant higher incidence of positive surgical margin, positive lymph node metastasis, and BCR rate.

 

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[357]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Peg-filgrastim and cabazitaxel in prostate cancer patients.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Anticancer Drugs. 2013 Jan;24(1):84-9. doi: 10.1097/CAD.0b013e32835a56bc.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1097/CAD.0b013e32835a56bc

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Di Lorenzo G; D’Aniello C; Buonerba C; Federico P; Rescigno P; Puglia L; Ferro M; Bosso D; Cavaliere C; Palmieri G; Sonpavde G; De Placido S

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Genitourinary Cancer Section and Rare-Cancer Center, Medical Oncology Division, Department of Endocrinology and Oncology, University Federico II, Napoli, Italy.  guiseppedilorenzoncol@hotmail.com

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - To determine the impact of prophylaxis with granulocyte-colony stimulating growth factor (G-CSF) on the risk of febrile neutropenia in a cohort of patients enrolled at the University Federico II of Naples and treated with cabazitaxel for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). We carried out a retrospective review of prospectively collected data of patients enrolled at our  institution in a compassionate-use programme with cabazitaxel, aimed at providing early access to the drug before its commercial availability in mCRPC patients. Besides baseline clinical and demographic characteristics, data on treatment efficacy and toxicity, as well as those on the use of G-CSF per patient per cycle were extracted. Progression-free survival and overall survival were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Fisher’s exact test was used to explore a relationship between a single event of grade 3 or more neutropenia or febrile neutropenia and previous use of G-CSF. Univariate analysis was carried out to evaluate predictors of grade 3 or more neutropenia and/or febrile neutropenia. Of 34 patients enrolled at our institution from December 2010 to December 2011, 32 had received at least one dose of cabazitaxel and were included in the analysis.  Patients received a median of 10 cabazitaxel cycles. Grade 3 or more neutropenia  was common, occurring in 64.5% of patients. Three patients (9.3%) developed febrile neutropenia. Twenty-seven patients received prophylaxis with G-CSF during at least one cycle using peg-filgrastim. The risk of grade 3 or more neutropenia  and/or febrile neutropenia per patient and per cycle was seven times lower when G-CSF was used. Baseline neutrophil count of less than 4570/mm was the strongest  predictor of grade 3 or more neutropenia and/or febrile neutropenia. No toxic death was reported. Only one patient discontinued cabazitaxel because of an adverse event. Our analysis suggests that prophylaxis with peg-filgrastim may considerably reduce the incidence of grade 3 or more neutropenia and, possibly, of febrile neutropenia in mCRPC patients treated with cabazitaxel. Further analyses involving a larger population are warranted to confirm our results.

 

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[358]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - A Phase 3, Double-blind, Randomised, Parallel-group, Placebo-controlled Study of  Oral Weekly Alendronate for the Prevention of Androgen Deprivation Bone Loss in Nonmetastatic Prostate Cancer: The Cancer and Osteoporosis Research with Alendronate and Leuprolide (CORAL) Study.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Eur Urol. 2013 May;63(5):927-35. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2012.09.007. Epub 2012 Sep 11.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.eururo.2012.09.007

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Klotz LH; McNeill IY; Kebabdjian M; Zhang L; Chin JL

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, 2075 Bayview Ave. #MG408, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada. Electronic address: laurence.klotz@sunnybrook.ca.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) induces loss of bone mineral density (BMD) and increases the risk of fractures in patients with prostate cancer (PCa). We sought to determine whether a weekly dose of alendronate, an oral bisphosphonate, could reduce this unwanted side-effect. OBJECTIVE: To assess whether once-weekly oral alendronate therapy would maintain or improve BMD in men initiating ADT for localised PCa. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: A multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled study, we included hormonally naive PCa patients initiating ADT with leuprolide acetate 30mg intramuscularly every 4 mo. INTERVENTION: Patients were randomised to receive either oral alendronate 70mg once weekly or placebo for 1 yr. Both groups received daily calcium 1g and vitamin D 400 international units. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Changes in BMD (at the lumbar spine [LS] and total hip [TH]) and bone markers. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: One hundred ninety-one subjects were enrolled, and 186 were randomised between alendronate (n=84) and placebo (n=102). The alendronate group demonstrated a mean spine BMD increase of 1.7% compared with -1.9% in the placebo group (p<0.0001). Alendronate also increased the BMD at the hip (percent change: 0.7%) compared to placebo (-1.6%). Median urinary N-terminal crosslinking telopeptide of type I collagen (Ntx) values decreased by 3.5% in the alendronate group and increased by 16.5% in the placebo arm, even after adjusting for centre (p=0.510) and baseline urinary Ntx (p<0.0001). Bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BSAP) decreased a median of 2.25% in the alendronate group and increased a median of 3.12% in the placebo arm, regardless of centre or baseline BSAP or other covariates (p<0.0001). The safety and tolerability profile was similar for the two treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS: Although the study was closed early because of slow accrual, it showed that weekly oral alendronate prevented bone loss and increased bone mass in addition to decreasing bone turnover in patients initiating ADT for localised  PCa, with few related side-effects.

 

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[359]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Pooled Analysis of Clinical Outcomes with Neoadjuvant Cisplatin and Gemcitabine Chemotherapy for Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Urol. 2012 Nov 1. pii: S0022-5347(12)05429-8. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.10.120.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.juro.2012.10.120

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Yuh BE; Ruel N; Wilson TG; Vogelzang N; Pal SK

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California. Electronic address: byuh@coh.org.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for muscle invasive bladder cancer has been shown to confer a survival advantage in phase III studies. Although cisplatin and gemcitabine are often used in this setting, a comprehensive evaluation of this regimen is lacking. In this review we summarize the efficacy of neoadjuvant cisplatin and gemcitabine chemotherapy for muscle invasive bladder cancer based on currently published studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A systematic literature review was conducted in April 2012 searching MEDLINE® databases. Articles were  selected if they included patients with muscle invasive bladder cancer, evaluated the combination of cisplatin and gemcitabine as neoadjuvant treatment, and reported pathological data after cystectomy. Cisplatin and gemcitabine dosing regimens and clinical data were further summarized using weighted averages. RESULTS: Seven studies encompassing 164 patients were published between 2007 and  2012. The majority of patients (79%) received cisplatin and gemcitabine on a 21-day cycle. A weighted average of 19.2 lymph nodes was obtained at cystectomy,  and 29.7% of patients were found to have pN1 disease. Pathological down staging to pT0 and less than pT2 occurred in 42 (25.6%) and 67 (46.5%) patients, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Neoadjuvant cisplatin and gemcitabine yield appreciable pathological response rates in patients with muscle invasive bladder  cancer. Since pathological response has been implicated as a potential surrogate  for survival in muscle invasive bladder cancer, these data suggest that neoadjuvant cisplatin and gemcitabine may warrant further prospective assessment.

 

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[360]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Wedelolactone, a medicinal plant-derived coumestan, induces caspase-dependent apoptosis in prostate cancer cells via downregulation of PKCepsilon without inhibiting Akt.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Int J Oncol. 2012 Dec;41(6):2191-9. doi: 10.3892/ijo.2012.1664. Epub 2012 Oct 16.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 3892/ijo.2012.1664

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Sarveswaran S; Gautam SC; Ghosh J

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Vattikuti Urology Institute, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Emerging studies indicate that metabolism of arachidonic acid through the 5-lipoxygenase (5-Lox) pathway plays a critical role in the survival of prostate  cancer cells raising the possibility that 5-Lox can be targeted for an effective  therapy of prostate cancer. Wedelolactone (WDL), a medicinal plant-derived natural compound, is known to inhibit 5-Lox activity in neutrophils. However, its effect on apoptosis in prostate cancer cells has not been addressed. Thus, we tested the effects of WDL on human prostate cancer cells in vitro. We observed that WDL kills both androgen-sensitive as well as androgen-independent prostate cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner by dramatically inducing apoptosis. We also found that WDL-induced apoptosis in prostate cancer cells is dependent on c-Jun N-terminal Kinase (c-JNK) and caspase-3. Interestingly, WDL triggers apoptosis in prostate cancer cells via downregulation of protein kinase Cepsilon  (PKCepsilon), but without inhibition of Akt. WDL does not affect the viability of normal prostate epithelial cells (PrEC) at doses that kill prostate cancer cells, and WDL-induced apoptosis is effectively prevented by 5-oxoETE, a metabolite of 5-Lox (but not by 15-oxoETE, a metabolite of 15-Lox), suggesting that the apoptosis-inducing effect of WDL in prostate cancer cells is mediated via inhibition of 5-Lox activity. These findings indicate that WDL selectivity induces caspase-dependent apoptosis in prostate cancer cells via a novel mechanism involving inhibition of PKCepsilon without affecting Akt and suggest that WDL may emerge as a novel therapeutic agent against clinical prostate cancer in human.

 

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[361]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Testicular orphan nuclear receptor 4-associated protein 16 promotes non-small cell lung carcinoma by activating estrogen receptor beta and blocking testicular  orphan nuclear receptor 2.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Oncol Rep. 2013 Jan;29(1):297-305. doi: 10.3892/or.2012.2107. Epub 2012 Oct 26.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 3892/or.2012.2107

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Fang F; Zheng Q; Zhang J; Dong B; Zhu S; Huang X; Wang Y; Zhao B; Li S; Xiong H; Chen J; Wu N; Song SW; Chang C; Yang Y

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Thoracic Surgery , Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, PR China.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - The possible involvement of estrogen receptors (ERs) and testicular orphan nuclear receptors (TRs) in human non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) has been suggested, but their precise roles and their relationship remain largely unknown. This study aimed to investigate whether TR4-associated protein 16 (TRA16) regulates the ERbeta and TR2 pathways and could be a potential target in NSCLC. We used tissue microarrays including NSCLC tissues (n=154) and negative controls  (n=14) to examine the expression of TRA16 and ERbeta, and in vitro reporter gene  assays, the mammalian two-hybrid method and immunoprecipitation in Cos-1 cells to investigate the relationships among TRA16, ERbeta and TR2. We found that TRA16 was highly expressed in approximately 90% of the NSCLC tissues examined. TRA16 overexpression was significantly associated with TNM stage, tumor size, lymph node metastasis, tumor thrombus in vein, tumor differentiation and prognosis of NSCLC patients, in which TRA16 was shown to be an independent prognostic factor.  Introduction of TRA16 into Cos-1 cells enhanced cell proliferation. Co-expression of TRA16 and ERbeta in Cos-1 cells using different reporter gene systems and mammalian two-hybrid approaches revealed that TRA16 enhanced ERbeta-mediated transcriptional activity. By adopting similar approaches, and immunoprecipitation and immunocytofluorescence assays, we found that TRA16 also interacted with TR2,  and blocked the TR2 inhibitory effect on ERbeta. Our findings demonstrate that TRA16 could be a promising diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in NSCLC, and promotes cancer cell growth through activation of the ERbeta pathway by interacting with ERbeta and TR2.

 

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[362]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Klf4 transcription factor is expressed in the cytoplasm of prostate cancer cells.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Eur J Cancer. 2013 Mar;49(4):955-63. doi: 10.1016/j.ejca.2012.09.023. Epub 2012 Oct 22.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.ejca.2012.09.023

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Le Magnen C; Bubendorf L; Ruiz C; Zlobec I; Bachmann A; Heberer M; Spagnoli GC; Wyler S; Mengus C

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Institute for Surgical Research and Hospital Management, Department of Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland. lemagnenc@uhbs.ch

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Cancer initiation and progression might be driven by small populations of cells endowed with stem cell-like properties. Here we comparatively addressed the expression of genes encoding putative stemness regulators including c-Myc, Klf4, Nanog, Oct4A and Sox2 genes in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer (PCA). METHODS: Fifty-eight PCA and thirty-nine BPH tissues samples were used for gene expression analysis, as evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The expression of specific Klf4 isoforms was tested by conventional PCR. Klf4 specific antibodies were used for protein detection in a tissue microarray including 404 prostate samples. RESULTS: Nanog, Oct4A and Sox2 genes were comparably expressed in BPH and PCA samples, whereas c-Myc and Klf4 genes were expressed to significantly higher extents in PCA than in BPH specimens. Immunohistochemical studies revealed that Klf4 protein is detectable in a large majority of epithelial prostatic cells, irrespective of malignant transformation. However, in PCA, a predominantly cytoplasmic location was observed, consistent with the expression of a differentially spliced Klf4alpha isoform. CONCLUSION: Klf4 is highly expressed at gene and protein level in BPH and PCA tissues but a cytoplasmic location of the specific gene product is predominantly detectable in  malignant cells. Klf4 location might be of critical relevance to steer its functions during oncogenesis.

 

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[363]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Testing for the recurrent HOXB13 G84E germline mutation in men with clinical indications for prostate biopsy.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Urol. 2013 Mar;189(3):849-53. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.09.117. Epub 2012 Oct 2.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.juro.2012.09.117

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Schroeck FR; Zuhlke KA; Siddiqui J; Siddiqui R; Cooney KA; Wei JT

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Division of Health Services Research, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann  Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: The G84E variant of HOXB13 was recently found to be associated with a significantly increased risk of prostate cancer in a case control study. We estimated the prevalence of this mutation in a clinical population of men at risk for prostate cancer who were scheduled to undergo prostate biopsy. MATERIALS AND  METHODS: We prospectively collected clinical information and DNA samples from men who underwent diagnostic prostate biopsy between June 2005 and October 2011. We genotyped samples for HOXB13 G84E using the MassARRAY® system. We determined the prevalence of the G84E variant in the overall cohort, among patients with a positive family history and among men age 55 years or younger. RESULTS: A total of 1,175 subjects underwent biopsy, of whom 948 had a DNA sample for analysis. The G84E variant was detected in 4 patients (prevalence 0.42%, 95% CI 0.12-1.08), of whom 3 had prostate cancer on biopsy. None of 301 patients with a positive family history (prevalence 0.00%, 95% CI 0.00-1.22) and 1 of 226 patients age 55  years or younger tested positive (prevalence 0.44%, 95% CI 0.01-2.44). CONCLUSIONS: The HOXB13 G84E variant is rare in this cohort, even among those with a positive family history. Our findings question the utility of testing for  this variant among unselected men presenting for a diagnostic prostate biopsy.

 

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[364]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Evaluation of a nonlinear Hertzian-based model reveals prostate cancer cells respond differently to force than normal prostate cells.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Microsc Res Tech. 2013 Jan;76(1):36-41. doi: 10.1002/jemt.22132. Epub 2012 Oct 16.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1002/jemt.22132

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Murphy MF; Lilley F; Lalor MJ; Crosby SR; Madden G; Johnston G; Burton DR

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - General Engineering Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 3AF, United Kingdom. M.F.Murphy@ljmu.ac.uk

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Understanding how the mechanical properties of cells alter with disease may help  with the development of novel diagnostics and treatment regimes. The emergence of tools such as the atomic force microscope (AFM) has enabled us to physically measure the mechanical properties of cells. However, suitable models for the analysis of real experimental data are either absent, or fail to provide a simple analysis tool in which experimental data can be analyzed quickly and reliably. The Hertz model has been widely used to study AFM data on living cells, however it makes assumptions that are untrue for cells, namely that cells behave as linear elastic bodies. This article presents and evaluates an alternative nonlinear Hertz model, which allows the Young’s modulus to vary according to a second order polynomial function of indentation depth. Evaluation of the model revealed that prostate cancer cells (PC3) responded more uniformly to force compared to the normal PNT2 cells. Also, more energy (J) was needed to deform the normal prostate cells compared to the prostate cancer cells. Finally, the model described here suggests that overall the normal prostate cells behave in a more linear fashion to applied force compared to the prostate cancer cells.

 

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[365]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Simultaneous determination of sunitinib and its two metabolites in plasma of Chinese patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Biomed Chromatogr. 2012 Oct 28. doi: 10.1002/bmc.2836.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1002/bmc.2836

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Qiu F; Bian W; Li J; Ge Z

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - A simple and rapid liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of sunitinib and its two metabolites in plasma of Chinese patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). After simple one-step protein precipitation with methanol-acetonitrile (1:1, v/v), all three analytes were separated on an Agilent Zorbax SB-C(18) column using a gradient mobile phase consisting of water (0.1% formic acid)-acetonitrile (0.1% formic acid) at a flow rate of 0.50 mL/min. The detection was performed in multiple reaction monitoring mode, using the transitions of m/z 399.0 --> 326.2, m/z 371.0 --> 283.1, m/z 343.0 --> 283.1 and  m/z 386.3 --> 122.2 for sunitinib, M1, M2 and buspirone, respectively. The method was linear over the range of 0.10-100 ng/mL for all three analytes using only 50  muL of plasma and the lower limit of quantifications for the three analytes were  all 0.10 ng/mL. The intra-day and inter-day precisions were all less than 15% and the accuracies were within the range of +/-15%; recoveries were between 85.0 and  115%. The validated method was successfully applied to an explorative pharmacokinetic study of sunitinib in Chinese patients with mRCC following multi-dose oral administration. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

 

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[366]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - C1q-fixing human leukocyte antigen assay in immunized renal patients: correlation between Luminex SAB-C1q and SAB-IgG.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Transplant Proc. 2012 Nov;44(9):2535-7. doi: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2012.09.084.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.transproceed.2012.09.084

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Llorente S; Boix F; Eguia J; Lopez M; Bosch A; Martinez H; Gonzalez MJ; Lopez-Hernandez R; Salgado G; Moya-Quiles MR; Campillo JA; Garcia-Alonso AM; Minguela A; Jimeno L; Alvarez-Lopez MR; Muro M

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Virgen Arrixaca, Murcia, España.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: There is no consensus about the impact of thresholds of complement-fixing antibody assays. Recently, a C1q-SAB assay has been developed to identify complement-fixing HLA antibodies with high sensitivity and specificity. Our aim was to determine the correlation between IgG single antigens beads (SAB) and C1q-SAB assay results among patients on the renal waiting list. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Serum samples from immunized renal waiting list patients as well as negative and positive controls were valided by Luminex (LMX). These sera, which were positive for 166 antibody specificities, were tested for HLA class I in parallel by LMX-IgG and LMX-C1q. RESULTS: Comparison of antibody detection revealed no correlation based on median fluorescent intensity (MFI), levels between the IgG SAB and the C1qSAB assay (P > .05). IgG-positive sera with MFIs as low as 700 were able to fix C1q, whereas other sera with MFIs as high 14,500 did not. Furthermore, there appeared to be disparities in the profiles of class I antigens able to fix C1q-SAB. In our series, only 34% class I IgG SAB antibodies  were also C1qSAB+. In several patients, we detected C1qSAB+ against IgGSAB- that  was surely due to IgM antibodies. So, the C1qSAB assay detected IgM antibodies that fix complement. CONCLUSION: These data suggested that the C1q-SAB assay could be an important method to evaluate pretransplant virtual crossmatch and to  define nonpermitted specificities (C1q-fixing) in kidney transplantation.

 

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[367]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Prostate needle biopsy processing: a survey of laboratory practice across Europe.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Clin Pathol. 2013 Feb;66(2):120-3. doi: 10.1136/jclinpath-2012-200993. Epub 2012 Oct 30.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1136/jclinpath-2012-200993

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Varma M; Berney DM; Algaba F; Camparo P; Comperat E; Griffiths DF; Kristiansen G; Lopez-Beltran A; Montironi R; Egevad L

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK. wptmv@cf.ac.uk

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - AIM: To determine the degree of variation in the handling of prostate needle biopsies (PBNx) in laboratories across Europe. METHODS: A web based survey was emailed to members of the European Network of Uropathology and the British Association of Urological Pathologists. RESULTS: Responses were received from 241 laboratories in 15 countries. PNBx were generally taken by urologists (93.8%) or  radiologists (23.7%) but in 8.7% were also taken by non-medical personnel such as radiographers, nurses or biomedical assistants. Of the responding laboratories, 40.8% received cores in separate containers, 42.3% processed one core/block, 54.2% examined three levels/block, 49.4% examined one H&E section/level and 56.1% retained spare sections for potential immunohistochemistry. Of the laboratories,  40.9% retained unstained spares for over a year while 36.2% discarded spares within 1 month of reporting. Only two (0.8%) respondents routinely performed immunohistochemistry on all PNBx. There were differences in laboratory practice between the UK and the rest of Europe (RE). Procurement of PNBx by non-medical personnel was more common in the UK. RE laboratories more commonly received each  core in a separate container, processed one core/block, examined fewer levels/block and examined more H&E sections/level. RE laboratories also retained  spares for potential immunohistochemistry less often and for shorter periods. Use of p63 as the sole basal cell marker was more common in RE. CONCLUSIONS: There are marked differences in procurement, handling and processing of PNBx in laboratories across Europe. This data can help the development of best practice guidelines.

 

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[368]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Loss of heterozygosity analysis at different chromosome regions in Wilms tumor confirms 1p allelic loss as a marker of worse prognosis: a study from the Italian Association of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Urol. 2013 Jan;189(1):260-6. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.09.009. Epub 2012 Nov 20.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.juro.2012.09.009

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Spreafico F; Gamba B; Mariani L; Collini P; D’Angelo P; Pession A; Di Cataldo A; Indolfi P; Nantron M; Terenziani M; Morosi C; Radice P; Perotti D

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Pediatric Unit, Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy. filippo.spreafico@istitutotumori.mi.it

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: The specific aims of the AIEOP-TW-2003 protocol included prospectively investigating a possible association of tumor loss of heterozygosity with outcomes in children treated for Wilms tumor. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed  125 unilateral favorable histology Wilms tumors registered between 2003 and 2008  in the Italian cooperative protocol for microsatellite markers mapped to chromosomes 1p, 7p, 11q, 16q and 22q. RESULTS: The 3-year disease-free survival and overall survival probabilities were 0.87 (95% CI 0.81-0.93) and 0.98 (95% CI  0.96-1.0), respectively. Loss of heterozygosity at 1p was significantly associated with a worse disease-free survival (probability 0.67 for patients with and 0.92 for those without 1p loss of heterozygosity, p = 0.0009), as confirmed also by multivariate analysis adjusting for tumor stage and patient age at diagnosis. There was no difference in disease-free survival probability among children with loss of heterozygosity in the other chromosomal regions tested. The worse outlook for children older than 2 years at diagnosis did not seem to be influenced by the loss of heterozygosity patterns considered. CONCLUSIONS: Chromosome 1p loss of heterozygosity seems to be a risk factor for nonanaplastic  Wilms tumor, possibly regardless of other clinical factors. Our findings were uninformative regarding loss of heterozygosity in the other chromosomal regions tested.

 

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[369]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Risk and prognostic significance of metachronous contralateral testicular germ cell tumours.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Br J Cancer. 2012 Oct 23;107(9):1637-43. doi: 10.1038/bjc.2012.448. Epub 2012 Oct 11.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1038/bjc.2012.448

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Schaapveld M; van den Belt-Dusebout AW; Gietema JA; de Wit R; Horenblas S; Witjes JA; Hoekstra HJ; Kiemeney LA; Louwman WJ; Ouwens GM; Aleman BM; van Leeuwen FE

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Testicular germ cell tumour (TGCT) patients are at increased risk of  developing a contralateral testicular germ cell tumour (CTGCT). It is unclear whether TGCT treatment affects CTGCT risk. METHODS: The risk of developing a metachronous CTGCT (a CTGCT diagnosed >/=6 months after a primary TGCT) and its impact on patient’s prognosis was assessed in a nationwide cohort comprising 3749 TGCT patients treated in the Netherlands during 1965-1995. Standardised incidence ratios (SIRs), comparing CTGCT incidence with TGCT incidence in the general population, and cumulative CTGCT incidence were estimated and CTGCT risk factors  assessed, accounting for competing risks. RESULTS: Median follow-up was 18.5 years. Seventy-seven metachronous CTGCTs were diagnosed. The SIR for metachronous CTGCTs was 17.6 (95% confidence interval (95% CI) 13.9-22.0). Standardised incidence ratios remained elevated for up to 20 years, while the 20-year cumulative incidence was 2.2% (95% CI 1.8-2.8%). Platinum-based chemotherapy was  associated with a lower CTGCT risk among non-seminoma patients (hazard ratio 0.37, 95% CI 0.18-0.72). The CTGCT patients had a 2.3-fold (95% CI 1.3-4.1) increased risk to develop a subsequent non-TGCT cancer and, consequently, a 1.8-fold (95% CI 1.1-2.9) higher risk of death than patients without a CTGCT. CONCLUSION: The TGCT patients remain at increased risk of a CTGCT for up to 20 years. Treatment with platinum-based chemotherapy reduces this risk.

 

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[370]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Optimal management of recurrent prostate cancer in older patients.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Drugs Aging. 2012 Nov;29(11):871-83. doi: 10.1007/s40266-012-0021-4.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s40266-012-0021-4

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Kessler ER; Flaig TW

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, 80045-0511, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - With a large, aging population in the USA and continued prolongation of life expectancy, treatment of cancer in the elderly will continue to be of importance. The most common cancer in men is prostate cancer, which is most often diagnosed in those over the age of 65 years. Initial therapies for prostate cancer are local treatments in those with localized disease and for whom definitive therapy  is appropriate. Optimal treatment of an older patient with recurrent prostate cancer now involves more of a decision process than treatment has in the past, with the recent approval of several new medical agents for advanced prostate cancer. Through this article we will focus on treatment options for recurrent prostate cancer, keeping in mind the unique characteristics of the elderly population. A majority of the discussion will focus on many of the newly approved agents used to treat castration-resistant prostate cancer, and exciting agents currently under investigation. Improved androgen blockade has improved overall survival in patients with metastatic disease but carries many of the same adverse effects as previous agents. Newer approaches with immunotherapy, radiopharmaceuticals, or second-generation androgen receptor blockers introduce a different adverse-effect profile for older patients. As data matures, these too may improve survival for patients with metastatic disease. Throughout all stages  of disease, one must keep in mind the unique needs of an older patient population.

 

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[371]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Prevalence and Long-term Follow-up Outcomes of Testicular Adrenal Rest Tumors in  Children and Adolescent Males with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2012 Oct 12. doi: 10.1111/cen.12033.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1111/cen.12033

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Aycan Z; Bas VN; Cetinkaya S; Agladioglu SY; Tiryaki T

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Clinics of Pediatric Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Yildirim Beyazit University, and Clinics of Pediatric Endocrinology, Dr. Sami Ulus Research and Training Hospital of Women’s and Children’s Health and Diseases, Ankara, Turkey.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - OBJECTIVE: There are a few studies regarding the prevalence of testicular adrenal rest tumors (TARTs) in boys and adolescent males with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), and there is little information regarding the treatment outcomes in patients with TARTs. The aim of this study was to determine the long-term treatment outcomes in boys and adolescent males with CAH. PATIENTS AND  METHODS: Sixty boys and adolescent males with CAH, who were between 2-18 years of age, were included in the study. Fifty-five patients had 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21-OHD) and 5 patients had 11-beta hydroxylase deficiency (11beta-OHD). All patients were screened for TARTs by scrotal ultrasonography (US) performed by an experienced radiologist. RESULTS: TART prevalence was 18.3%  in 2-18 years’ of age; 8 patients had 21-OHD, and 3 had 11beta-OHD. The youngest  TART patient was 4 years old, whereas 8 patients RTs were at puberty. Only 2 patients had tight metabolic control: 8 patients had stage 2, 1 had stage 4, and  2 had stage 5 rest tumors. In 4 patients with stage 2 TARTs, tumors disappeared after high-dose steroid treatment and did not recur. Shrinkage of tumor was observed in 2 patients. Testis-sparing surgery was performed in 1 patient with stage 5 tumor. Gonadal functions were normal in patients with partially regressed tumors. Two patients became fathers of healthy male off-springs. CONCLUSIONS: Detection and treatment of TARTs in children with CAH at younger ages, earlier stages, may prevent infertility in adulthood. Therefore, we recommend that scrotal US screening should be performed in every 1-2 years starting from early childhood. © 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

 

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[372]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Usefulness of R.E.N.A.L. nephrometry scoring system for predicting outcomes and complications of percutaneous ablation of 751 renal tumors.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Urol. 2013 Jan;189(1):30-5. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.08.180. Epub 2012 Nov 16.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.juro.2012.08.180

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Schmit GD; Thompson RH; Kurup AN; Weisbrod AJ; Boorjian SA; Carter RE; Geske JR; Callstrom MR; Atwell TD

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA. schmit.grant@mayo.edu

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: We applied the R.E.N.A.L. (radius, exophytic/endophytic, nearness to collecting system or sinus, anterior/posterior and location relative to polar lines) nephrometry scoring system to renal tumors treated with percutaneous ablation to determine whether this score is associated with oncological outcomes  and complications. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 751 renal tumors were treated at 679 percutaneous ablation sessions in 627 patients at our institution  between 2000 and 2012. Of these renal masses 430 (57%) were treated with cryoablation and the remaining 321 were treated with radio frequency ablation. R.E.N.A.L. tumor scores were analyzed to determine the association of the score with ablation treatment outcomes and complications according to Clavien criteria. RESULTS: The mean +/- SD R.E.N.A.L. nephrometry score of all ablated tumors was 6.7 +/- 1.9. Those treated with cryoablation had higher scores than those treated with radio frequency ablation (mean 7.2 +/- 1.9 vs 6.1 +/- 1.8, p <0.001). We identified a total of 28 local treatment failures (3.7%) in the 751 tumors during a mean computerized tomography/magnetic resonance imaging followup of 27.9 +/- 27.8 months. There was a significant association between R.E.N.A.L. nephrometry score and local treatment failure. Mean nephrometry score was 7.6 +/- 2.2 vs 6.7  +/- 1.9 for tumors with vs without local treatment failure (p <0.001). Of the 679 ablation treatments 38 (5.6%) major (grade 3 or greater) patient complications occurred. There was a significant association between R.E.N.A.L. nephrometry score and major complications. Patients with vs without a major complication had  a mean nephrometry score of 8.1 +/- 2.0 vs 6.8 +/- 1.9 (p <0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The R.E.N.A.L. nephrometry scoring system predicts treatment efficacy and complications following percutaneous renal ablation.

 

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[373]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Alcohol consumption and PSA-detected prostate cancer risk—a case-control nested  in the ProtecT study.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Int J Cancer. 2013 May 1;132(9):2176-85. doi: 10.1002/ijc.27877. Epub 2012 Oct 25.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1002/ijc.27877

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Zuccolo L; Lewis SJ; Donovan JL; Hamdy FC; Neal DE; Smith GD

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom. l.zuccolo@bristol.ac.uk

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Alcohol is an established carcinogen but not an established risk factor for prostate cancer, despite some recent prospective studies suggesting increased risk among heavy drinkers. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of alcohol on prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels and prostate cancer risk. Two thousand four hundred PSA detected prostate cancer cases and 12,700 controls matched on age and general practice were identified through a case-control study  nested in the PSA-testing phase of a large UK-based randomized controlled trial for prostate cancer treatment (ProtecT). Linear and multinomial logistic regression models were used to estimate ratios of geometric means (RGMs) of PSA and relative risk ratios (RRRs) of prostate cancer by stage and grade, with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), associated with weekly alcohol intake and drinking patterns. We found evidence of lower PSA (RGM 0.98, 95% CI: 0.98-0.99) and decreased risk of low Gleason-grade (RRR 0.96; 95%CI 0.93-0.99) but increased risk of high-grade prostate cancer (RRR 1.04; 95%CI 0.99-1.08; p(difference) =0.004) per 10 units/week increase in alcohol consumption, not explained by current BMI, blood pressure, comorbidities, or reverse causation. This is the first large population-based study to find evidence of lower PSA levels for increasing alcohol consumption, with potential public health implications for the detection of prostate cancer. Our results also support a modestly higher risk of  high-grade disease for heavy drinkers, but require independent replication to establish the nature of the association of alcohol with low-grade disease, preferably in cohorts with a heterogeneous case-mix.

 

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[374]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Out-of-pocket expenses and treatment choice for men with prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Urology. 2012 Dec;80(6):1252-7. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2012.08.027. Epub 2012 Oct 23.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.urology.2012.08.027

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Jung OS; Guzzo T; Lee D; Mehler M; Christodouleas J; Deville C; Hollis G; Shah A; Vapiwala N; Wein A; Pauly M; Bekelman JE

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Health Policy Management Doctoral Program, Harvard Business School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - OBJECTIVE: To describe the knowledge of, and attitudes toward, out-of-pocket expenses (OOPE) associated with prostate cancer treatment and the influence of OOPE on the treatment choices of patients with prostate cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We undertook a qualitative research study for which we recruited patients with clinically localized prostate cancer. Patients answered a series of open-ended questions during a semistructured interview and completed a questionnaire about the physician’s role in discussing OOPE, the burden of OOPE,  the effect of OOPE on treatment decisions, and previous knowledge of OOPE. RESULTS: A total of 41 (26 white and 15 black) eligible patients were enrolled from the urology and radiation oncology practices of the University of Pennsylvania. Qualitative assessment revealed 5 major themes: (a) “my insurance takes care of it”; (b) “health is more important than cost”; (c) “I did not look  into it”; (d) “I cannot afford it but would have chosen the same treatment”; and  (e) “It is not my doctor’s business.” Most patients (38 of 41, 93%) reported that they would not have chosen a different treatment even if they had known the actual OOPE of their treatment. Patients who reported feeling burdened by OOPE were socioeconomically heterogeneous, and their treatment choices remained unaffected. Only 2 patients stated they knew “a lot” about the likely OOPE for different prostate cancer treatments before choosing their treatment. CONCLUSION: Among insured patients with prostate cancer treated at a large academic medical center, few had knowledge of OOPE before making treatment choices.

 

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[375]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Vocal changes in patients with prostate cancer following androgen ablation.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Voice. 2012 Nov;26(6):812.e11-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2011.12.004.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.jvoice.2011.12.004

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Hamdan AL; Jabbour J; Saadeh R; Kazan I; Nassar J; Bulbul M

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon. ah77@aub.edu.lb

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - OBJECTIVE: To compare the prevalence of vocal symptoms and parameters in patients with prostate cancer treated with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-two male patients aged 60-83 years were recruited for this study. The subjects were divided into two groups: one group consisted of 18 patients with prostate cancer treated with ADT using gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists and the other group consisted of 14 controls matched according to age. Demographic data included age, history of smoking, reflux, and duration of therapy. The reported phonatory symptoms were hoarseness, inability to project the voice, and vocal fatigue. Patients also underwent acoustic analysis, and the  following acoustic variables were measured: fundamental frequency, relative average perturbation, shimmer, noise-to-harmonic ratio, and voice turbulence index. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, there was no statistical difference in any of the phonatory symptoms. The habitual pitch was significantly higher in the prostate cancer group compared with the controls (131.76 vs 114.11  Hz), with a P value of 0.021. There was also a significant increase in all the perturbation parameters, namely, relative average perturbation and shimmer, with  a significant difference with respect to the latter (P value=0.014). There was also a significant increase in the noise-to-harmonic ratio (P value=0.014). CONCLUSION: The administration of ADT for patients with prostate cancer can affect the habitual pitch. However, there are no noticeable vocal changes reported by the patients.

 

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[376]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Bladder dose accumulation based on a biomechanical deformable image registration  algorithm in volumetric modulated arc therapy for prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Phys Med Biol. 2012 Nov 7;57(21):7089-100. doi: 10.1088/0031-9155/57/21/7089. Epub 2012 Oct 10.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1088/0031-9155/57/21/7089

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Andersen ES; Muren LP; Sorensen TS; Noe KO; Thor M; Petersen JB; Hoyer M; Bentzen L; Tanderup K

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Medical Physics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Variations in bladder position, shape and volume cause uncertainties in the doses delivered to this organ during a course of radiotherapy for pelvic tumors. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential of dose accumulation based on repeat imaging and deformable image registration (DIR) to improve the accuracy of bladder dose assessment. For each of nine prostate cancer patients, the initial treatment plan was re-calculated on eight to nine repeat computed tomography (CT) scans. The planned bladder dose-volume histogram (DVH) parameters were compared to corresponding parameters derived from DIR-based accumulations as well as DVH summation based on dose re-calculations. It was found that the deviations between the DIR-based accumulations and the planned treatment were substantial and ranged (-0.5-2.3) Gy and (-9.4-13.5) Gy for D(2%) and D(mean), respectively, whereas the deviations between DIR-based accumulations and DVH summation were small and well  within 1 Gy. For the investigated treatment scenario, DIR-based bladder dose accumulation did not result in substantial improvement of dose estimation as compared to the straightforward DVH summation. Large variations were found in individual patients between the doses from the initial treatment plan and the accumulated bladder doses. Hence, the use of repeat imaging has a potential for improved accuracy in treatment dose reporting.

 

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[377]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Locally recurrent prostate cancer after initial radiation therapy: early salvage  high-intensity focused ultrasound improves oncologic outcomes.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Radiother Oncol. 2012 Nov;105(2):198-202. doi: 10.1016/j.radonc.2012.09.014. Epub 2012 Oct 12.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.radonc.2012.09.014

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Crouzet S; Murat FJ; Pommier P; Poissonnier L; Pasticier G; Rouviere O; Chapelon JY; Rabilloud M; Belot A; Mege-Lechevallier F; Tonoli-Catez H; Martin X; Gelet A

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Edouard Herriot Hospital, Lyon, France. sebastien.crouzet@chu-lyon.fr

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: To evaluate pre-operative prognostic risk factors to predict oncologic outcome of Salvage High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound (S-HIFU) for radiorecurrent  prostate cancer (PCa). METHODS AND MATERIALS: A total of 290 men with biopsy-confirmed locally radiorecurrent PCa, underwent S-HIFU. D’Amico risk group before external beam radiotherapy (EBRT), Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA), estimated Gleason score prior HIFU and post HIFU biopsies were analyzed for predictive utility of local cancer control, cancer-specific, metastasis free, and progression free survival rates (PFSR). RESULTS: Local cancer control with negative biopsy results was obtained in 81% of the 208 patients who underwent post-S-HIFU biopsies. Median PSA nadir was 0.14 ng/ml and 127 patients did not require androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). The mean follow up was 48 months for  cancer-specific survival rates. The cancer-specific and metastasis-free survival  rates at 7 years were 80% and 79.6% respectively. The PFSR was significantly influenced by: the pre-HIFU PSA level (hazard ratio (HR): 1.09, 95% CI 1.04-1.13), a Gleason score >/=8 versus </=6 (HR: 1.17, 95% CI 1.03-1.3), and a previous ADT (HR: 1.28, 95% CI 1.09-1.46). The rates of recto-urethral fistula (0.4%) and grade II/III incontinence (19.5%) indicate significant reduction in serious side effects with use of dedicated post-radiation acoustic parameters compared with standard parameters. CONCLUSION: S-HIFU is an effective curative option for radiorecurrent PCa with acceptable morbidity for localized radiorecurrent PCa, but should be initiated early following EBRT failure. Use of  prognostic risk factors can optimize patient selection.

 

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[378]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Male sexual function outcome after three laser prostate surgical techniques: a single center perspective.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Urology. 2012 Nov;80(5):1098-104. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2012.08.001.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.urology.2012.08.001

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Elshal AM; Elmansy HM; Elkoushy MA; Elhilali MM

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - McGill Prostate Center, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - OBJECTIVE: To assess the change and predictors of sexual-related outcomes after laser prostate surgery. METHODS: This is a longitudinal study of 216 sexually active men who underwent laser prostatectomy between 2005 and 2010. The International Index of Erectile Function-15 questionnaire was used both preoperatively and during the first year of follow-up. Cases with unreliable answers or patients without interested partners were excluded. All relevant data  of both groups were depicted and statistically analyzed. RESULTS: We identified 191 patients that met the inclusion criteria, 99 holmium laser enucleation of the prostate, 34 holmium laser ablation, and 58 photoselective vaporization of the prostate (GreenLight-532-mm laser photoselective vaporization of the prostate). There were significant differences among the 3 groups regarding the International Index of Erectile Function-15 direction of change at 1 year, being unchanged in (22.2%, 24.4%, and 29.3%), improved in (60.6%, 29.4%, and 41.4), and declined in  (17.2%, 41.2%, and 29.3%) in the 3 groups, respectively (P < .05). After adjusting for clinical and perioperative variables, the independent risk factors  for decline in the International Index of Erectile Function score were basal International Index of Erectile Function >/= 55 and energy to prostate ratio. In  holmium laser enucleation of the prostate group, there was significant improvement of the mean overall score, erectile function, desire, and intercourse satisfaction domains (P < .05). In holmium laser ablation and photoselective vaporization of the prostate groups, there were no significant changes between mean preopeative and postoperative scores (P > .05). The incidence of new onset retrograde ejaculation in the holmium laser enucleation of the prostate group was (77.3%) significantly different compared to (31.1%) in the holmium laser ablation group and (33.2%) in photoselective vaporization of the prostate group (P < .05). CONCLUSION: Laser prostate surgery using more size-related laser energy might have possible negative influence on sexual function. Patients with normal preoperative sexuality are more at risk.

 

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[379]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Robotic partial nephrectomy for solitary kidney: a multi-institutional analysis.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Urology. 2013 Jan;81(1):93-7. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2012.08.055. Epub 2012 Nov 13.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.urology.2012.08.055

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Hillyer SP; Bhayani SB; Allaf ME; Rogers CG; Stifelman MD; Tanagho Y; Mullins JK; Chiu Y; Kaczmarek BF; Kaouk JH

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Glickman Urological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the outcomes of robotic partial nephrectomy (RPN) for solitary kidney in a large multicenter series. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Medical records of 886 consecutive patients who underwent RPN at 5 academic institutions  from May 2007 to May 2012 were retrospectively analyzed. Data were prospectively  collected in an Investigational Review Board-approved protocol. Experienced robotic surgeons performed all operations. Patient demographics, functional, perioperative, and early oncologic outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 26 patients with a solitary kidney were identified and included in the analysis; of  these, 16 (62%) had solitary kidneys secondary to a previous malignancy. Perioperative outcomes included a median warm ischemia time of 17 minutes (interquartile range, 12, 28 minutes). Only 2 intraoperative complications occurred. One was a renal vein injury and one an aortic vessel tear, and both patients required intraoperative blood transfusions. No conversions to laparoscopy or open surgery occurred. There were 3 postoperative complications (11.5%). Median follow-up was 6 months (interquartile range, 5, 9.7 months). Postoperative renal function did not change significantly as measure by estimated glomerular filtration rate (-15.8%; P=.13). None of the patients required dialysis. Positive margins occurred in 1 patient, with 73% of patients having a renal cell carcinoma. CONCLUSION: We report a multi-institutional series of RPN in patients with solitary kidney presenting with small renal masses. Our findings suggest that RPN represents a feasible treatment option in this specific population by offering reliable preservation of renal function, low surgical morbidity, and early oncologic safety in the hands of experienced robotic surgeons.

 

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[380]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Tumor multiplicity is an independent prognostic factor of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer treated with Bacillus Calmette-Guerin immunotherapy.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Ultrastruct Pathol. 2012 Oct;36(5):320-4. doi: 10.3109/01913123.2012.681833.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 3109/01913123.2012.681833

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Ajili F; Manai M; Darouiche A; Chebil M; Boubaker S

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Laboratory of Human and Experimental Pathology, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, Tunisia. Faouziaagili@yahoo.fr

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) immunotherapy is regarded as the current treatment of choice for non muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), though its efficacy is limited by high recurrence and progression rate. Identification of factor prognosticators that might be helpful in discriminating  between responders and nonresponders to BCG treatment is therefore of major clinical importance. The aim of this study is to evaluate the prognostic factors  of recurrence after intravesical adjuvant BCG immunotherapy in patients with NMIBC. METHODS: we retrospectively reviewed the clinical and pathologic data of primary NMIBC from 112 patients who were treated with transurethral resection followed by BCG-immunotherapy. Time follow-up was 30 months. The prognostic significance of tumor stage, grade, multiplicity, age, sex and smoking in determining the risk for recurrence after BCG therapy was studied with both univariate and multivariate methods of analysis. RESULTS: According to univariate analysis of the prognostic significance for tumor stage, grade, loci number, sex, age and smoking, the pT1 stage and multiplicity seem to be associated in a statistically significant manner with higher risk for recurrence (P = 0.009, P =  0.011, respectively). In the other hand, multivariate analysis showed that only multiplicity was an independent significant prognosticator. CONCLUSION: Significant independent predictor for recurrence was multiplicity which offers important clinical information and may be a useful tool in the selection of suitable candidates for BCG-immunotherapy.

 

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[381]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - An investigation of risk factors for renal cell carcinoma by histologic subtype in two case-control studies.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Int J Cancer. 2013 Jun 1;132(11):2640-7. doi: 10.1002/ijc.27934. Epub 2013 Jan 15.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1002/ijc.27934

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Purdue MP; Moore LE; Merino MJ; Boffetta P; Colt JS; Schwartz KL; Bencko V; Davis FG; Graubard BI; Janout V; Ruterbusch JJ; Beebe-Dimmer J; Cote ML; Shuch B; Mates D; Hofmann JN; Foretova L; Rothman N; Szeszenia-Dabrowska N; Matveev V; Wacholder S; Zaridze D; Linehan WM; Brennan P; Chow WH

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA. purduem@mail.nih.gov.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - To investigate whether renal cell carcinoma (RCC) histologic subtypes possess different etiologies, we conducted analyses of established RCC risk factors by subtype (clear cell, papillary and chromophobe) in two case-control studies conducted in the United States (1,217 cases, 1,235 controls) and Europe (1,097 cases, 1,476 controls). Histology was ascertained for 706 U.S. cases (58% of total) and 917 European cases (84%) through a central slide review conducted by a single pathologist. For the remaining cases, histology was abstracted from the original diagnostic pathology report. Case-only analyses were performed to compute odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) summarizing subtype differences by age, sex and race. Case-control analyses were performed to compute subtype-specific ORs for other risk factors using polytomous regression. In case-only analyses, papillary cases (N = 237) were older (OR = 1.2, 95% CI = 1.1-1.4 per 10-year increase), less likely to be female (OR = 0.5, 95% CI = 0.4-0.8) and more likely to be black (OR = 2.6, 95% CI = 1.8-3.9) as compared to  clear cell cases (N = 1,524). In case-control analyses, BMI was associated with clear cell (OR = 1.2, 95% CI = 1.1-1.3 per 5 kg/m(2) increase) and chromophobe RCC (N = 80; OR = 1.2, 95% CI = 1.1-1.4), but not papillary RCC (OR = 1.1, 95% CI = 1.0-1.2; test versus clear cell, p = 0.006). No subtype differences were observed for associations with smoking, hypertension or family history of kidney  cancer. Our findings support the existence of distinct age, sex and racial distributions for RCC subtypes, and suggest that the obesity-RCC association differs by histology.

 

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[382]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Six transmembrane epithelial antigen of the prostate 1 is down-regulated by sex hormones in prostate cells.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Prostate. 2013 May;73(6):605-13. doi: 10.1002/pros.22601. Epub 2012 Oct 11.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1002/pros.22601

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Gomes IM; Santos CR; Socorro S; Maia CJ

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Center, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, Covilha, Portugal.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: STEAP1 is over-expressed in several types of tumors, especially prostate cancer, where it is localized in the plasma membrane of epithelial cells, at cell-cell junctions. Its role in prostate carcinogenesis and its regulation in prostate cells remain unknown. Therefore, we propose to study the effect of sex hormones in the regulation of STEAP1 expression in prostate cells in vitro and in vivo. METHODS: LNCaP prostate cells were incubated with fetal bovine serum (FBS), charcoal-stripped FBS (CS-FBS), 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT), and 17beta-estradiol (E2 ) for different periods of stimulation. In addition, adult male Wistar rats were castrated and treated with DHT and E2 . The levels of STEAP1 in response to treatments were analyzed by real-time PCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: The treatment of LNCaP cells with DHT or E2 induces a down-regulation of STEAP1 expression, while incubation with CS-FBS has the opposite effect. Experiments using inhibitors of androgen and estrogen receptor (AR and ER) showed that down-regulation of STEAP1 is AR-dependent, but ER-independent. However, the mediation of six transmembrane epithelial antigen of the prostate 1 (STEAP1) expression by AR seems to be dependent of de novo protein synthesis. In vivo studies showed that castrated rats express higher levels of STEAP1 protein when compared to intact rats, an effect reversed by DHT or E2 replacement. CONCLUSIONS: STEAP1 is down-regulated by DHT and E2 in LNCaP cells and in rat prostate. Prostate 73: 605-613, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

 

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[383]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Competing-risks analysis in patients with t1 squamous cell carcinoma of the penis.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - BJU Int. 2013 Apr;111(4 Pt B):E180. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11512.x. Epub 2012 Oct 12.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11512.x

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Djajadiningrat R; Horenblas S

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

 

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[384]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Competing-risks analysis in patients with T1 squamous cell carcinoma of the penis.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - BJU Int. 2013 Apr;111(4b):E174-E179. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11505.x. Epub  2012 Oct 12.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11505.x

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Thuret R; Sun M; Abdollah F; Budaus L; Shariat SF; Iborra F; Guiter J; Patard JJ; Karakiewicz PI

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada Department of Urology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France Department of Urology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY, USA Department of Urology, Kremlin-Bicetre Hospital, France Department of Urology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - What’s known on the subject? and What does the study add? The European Association of Urology (EAU) guidelines recommend an inguinal lymph node dissection (ILND) in patients with T1G2-3 squamous cell carcinoma of the penis (SCCP). To date, only four series reported the rates of cancer-specific mortality (CSM) after primary tumor excision (PTE) without an ILND in patients with T1 clinically node-negative (cN0) SCCP. We examined CSM rates in cN0 patients with T1G1-3 SCCP, in whom an ILND was not performed, relying on competing-risks analyses. OBJECTIVE: * To quantify and compare cancer-specific mortality (CSM) and other-cause mortality (OCM) in individuals with stage T1G1-3 clinically node-negative (cN0) squamous cell carcinoma of the penis (SCCP) since there is no consensus regarding the need for an inguinal lymph node dissection (ILND) in patients with T1G2-3 cN0 SCCP. METHODS: * Relying on the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database, we identified 655 patients diagnosed with  primary SCCP between 1988 and 2006. * Cumulative incidence plots were used to graphically depict the effect of CSM relative to OCM. * Competing-risks regression analyses were used to quantify the risk of CSM or OCM after adjusting  for age, race, tumour grade and surgery type. RESULTS: * The 5-year CSM rates after a primary tumour excision without ILND were 2.6%, 10.0% and 15.9% in patients with respectively T1G1, T1G2 and T1G3 cN0 SCCP. * The 5-year OCM rates were 29.5%, 27.3% and 29.3% in patients with respectively T1G1, T1G2 and T1G3. *  Age failed to provide additional stratification. CONCLUSIONS: * The CSM rate was  highest in T1G3 patients and appears to justify ILND. * Conversely, the CSM rate  was lowest in T1G1 patients, which justifies active surveillance in this patient  subset. * A moderate CSM rate at 5 years was recorded for T1G2 patients, which brings into question the benefits of ILND.

 

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[385]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Separation and study of the range of plasminogen isoforms in patients with prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Biochemistry (Mosc). 2012 Sep;77(9):1065-71. doi: 10.1134/S0006297912090143.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1134/S0006297912090143

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Shin EF; Vodolazhsky DI; Golikov AY; Belova TN; Boyko NV; Zimakov DV; Cherkasova EN; Kogan MI; Chibichian MB; Moshkovskii SA; Tarasov VA; Matishov DG

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Institute of Arid Zones, Southern Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 344006 Rostov-on-Don, Russia. johnnyeugenie@gmail.com

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Using affinity chromatography, two-dimensional electrophoresis, and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, plasminogen isoforms were separated and identified in blood plasma. Healthy donors and patients with prostate cancer in various stages of development were included in the studied sample. With the development of prostate cancer, four additional specific plasminogen isoforms are registered in blood plasma; they are characterized by lower molecular weights and higher pI values compared to isoforms found in the control group.

 

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[386]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Learning curve for bipolar transurethral enucleation and resection of the prostate in saline for symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia: experience in the first 100 consecutive patients.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Urol Int. 2013;90(1):68-74. doi: 10.1159/000343235. Epub 2012 Nov 7.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1159/000343235

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Xiong W; Sun M; Ran Q; Chen F; Du Y; Dou K

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Division of Urology and Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Chengdu, PR China.  xiongweimd @ gmail.com

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Bipolar transurethral enucleation and resection of the prostate in saline has recently been considered as a safe and technically feasible endoscopic procedure for symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia. However, it has not been  accepted widely because of the perception of technical difficulty. METHODS: A retrospective data review was performed of the first consecutive 100 patients who had undergone bipolar transurethral enucleation and resection of prostatic adenoma. Operative outcome, complications, ratio of conversion to conventional transurethral resection of the prostate and efficiency of tissue enucleation and  resection were used to assess the learning curve. RESULTS: Bipolar transurethral  enucleation and resection of the prostate was successfully performed in 83 patients. The mean operative time was 117.5 min, and the mean indwelling catheterization was 3.3 +/- 1.9 days. After 6 months, maximum urinary flow was 21.34 +/- 4.09 ml/s, IPSS was 9.66 +/- 2.64, and quality of life was 2.31 +/- 0.92 with a residual prostate volume of 35.29 +/- 17.57 ml. Regarding the learning curve, the ratio of conversion to conventional bipolar transurethral resection of the prostate decreased after 30 cases, and the efficiency of enucleation and resection increased significantly with accumulative experience after 50 cases. CONCLUSIONS: The current results established that bipolar transurethral enucleation and resection of the prostate in saline is a safe and reproducible procedure.

 

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[387]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Extreme hypothyroidism associated with sunitinib treatment for metastatic renal cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Chemother. 2012 Aug;24(4):221-5. doi: 10.1179/1973947812Y.0000000022.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1179/1973947812Y.0000000022

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Del Fabbro E; Dev R; Cabanillas ME; Busaidy NL; Rodriguez EC; Bruera E

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Palliative Care and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA. edelfabbro@vcu.edu

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Although thyroid abnormalities are reported with the use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors, patients rarely require replacement therapy. The initial multicentre  studies of sunitinib for metastatic renal cancer did not report hypothyroidism in fatigued patients, and thyroid tests were not routinely monitored. More recent studies, however, suggest that up to 70% of patients develop thyroid test abnormalities during treatment with sunitinib. Despite these concerns, the clinical relevance of sunitinib-induced hypothyroidism is uncertain since thyroid gland recovery is the norm in most patients. We report a case of a patient with metastatic papillary renal cell cancer on combination anti-angiogenic therapy with sunitinib, who developed unusually high thyroid stimulating hormone levels and severe symptoms despite receiving L-thyroxine. Our case also illustrates the  complexity of managing sunitinib-associated thyroid dysfunction, which may be accompanied by transient thyroiditis, hyperthyroidism, and profound hypothyroidism.

 

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[388]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Commentary: Robotic radical prostatectomy is an effective approach for treating localized prostate cancer—is it technique or technician?

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Urol. 2012 Dec;188(6):2212. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.10.023.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.juro.2012.10.023

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Tewari A; Han M

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA.

 

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[389]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - The national burden of infections after prostate biopsy in England and Wales: a wake-up call for better prevention.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Antimicrob Chemother. 2013 Feb;68(2):247-9. doi: 10.1093/jac/dks401. Epub 2012  Oct 9.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1093/jac/dks401

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Batura D; Rao GG

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Northwick Park Hospital, Watford Road, London HA1 3UJ, UK. deepakbatura@gmail.com

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Transrectal ultrasound-guided needle biopsies (TGBs) are the mainstay of prostate cancer diagnosis. An average of 72,500 TGBs were performed in England and Wales in 2008. Current guidelines recommend fluoroquinolone prophylaxis for TGBs. However, emerging fluoroquinolone resistance has led to increased frequency and morbidity due to post-TGB infections. Following TGB, 2.15%-3.6% of patients are readmitted with infective complications. We estimate readmissions result in 25,745-37,062 bed days at an annual cost of pound 7.7-11.1 million in England and Wales. Clearly, an increase in post-TGB infections with resistant organisms has a profound clinical and economic impact. We suggest alternative approaches to prophylaxis to reduce post-TGB infections. These include prophylaxis based on local antibiotic resistance surveillance and targeted prophylaxis based on antibiograms of coliforms detected in pre-biopsy rectal swabs. Other strategies include selective prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening and the use of biomarkers like prostate cancer antigen 3 (PCA3) to reduce the number of TGBs. Furthermore, transperineal biopsy has been shown to be associated with fewer infections.

 

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[390]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Differential effects of estrogen receptor ligands on regulation of dihydrotestosterone-induced cell proliferation in endothelial and prostate cancer cells.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Int J Oncol. 2013 Jan;42(1):327-37. doi: 10.3892/ijo.2012.1689. Epub 2012 Nov 6.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 3892/ijo.2012.1689

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Weng C; Cai J; Wen J; Yuan H; Yang K; Imperato-McGinley J; Zhu YS

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Androgen deprivation therapy of prostate cancer with estrogens shows significant  cardiovascular side-effects. To develop effective prostate cancer therapeutic agent(s) with minimal cardiovascular side-effects, we compared the effects of various estrogen receptor (ER) ligands on the modulation of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) actions in LAPC-4 and LNCaP prostate cancer cells and human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs). DHT stimulated the proliferation of HAEC, LAPC-4 and LNCaP cells and induced PSA mRNA expression in LAPC-4 cells. These DHT actions were differentially modulated by ER ligands in a cell-dependent manner. In LAPC-4 cells, knockdown of ERbeta expression partially eliminated the betaE2 inhibition  of DHT-induced LAPC-4 cell proliferation, and a parallel change was observed between ER ligand modulation of DHT-induced cell proliferation and cyclin A expression. The obtained data suggest that it is feasible to develop effective agent(s) for prostate cancer therapy with minimal cardiovascular side-effects and 17alpha-estradiol and genistein are such potential agents.

 

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[391]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Treatment satisfaction with low-dose tamsulosin for symptomatic benign prostatic  hyperplasia: results from a multicentre cross-sectional survey.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Int J Clin Pract. 2012 Dec;66(12):1209-15. doi: 10.1111/j.1742-1241.2012.02985.x.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1111/j.1742-1241.2012.02985.x

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Kim JH; Park JY; Oh MM; Lee JG; Kwon SS; Bae JH

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Korea University Hospital, Korea University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - AIMS: To evaluate the efficacy and treatment satisfaction with low-dose (0.2 mg)  tamsulosin in patients with symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and to investigate individual lower urinary tract symptoms according to treatment satisfaction. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a total sample of 2574 patients from multiple centres. International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), prostate volume, uroflowmetry and combined medications were reviewed. Detailed questionnaires were used to assess treatment satisfaction and IPSS 8 weeks after  treatment with low-dose tamsulosin. RESULTS: After 8 weeks of treatment with low-dose tamsulosin, IPSS improved significantly. Among the 2574 patients, 1,630  (63.42%) were satisfied and 940 patients (36.50%) were dissatisfied with low-dose tamsulosin. The reasons for dissatisfaction included efficacy problems (84.66%) and side effects (3.72%). Treatment satisfaction was affected by symptom duration, baseline IPSS, and prostate size (p = 0.0441, < 0.001, < 0.009, respectively). IPSS voiding (IPSS-V) and IPSS storage (IPSS-S) after treatment differed significantly depending on the degree of satisfaction (p < 0.001). IPSS-V after treatment did not improve in patients who were ‘not satisfied’ or ‘totally not satisfied’ (p = 0.170, 0.240, respectively). All the individual IPSS items except urgency (p = 0.1436) varied significantly with the degree of satisfaction (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Treating symptomatic BPH with low-dose tamsulosin improved IPSS, but more than one-third of patients were dissatisfied with the treatment. The main reason for dissatisfaction was efficacy problems, and the degree of satisfaction was related to symptom duration, baseline IPSS, and prostate size, and also to IPSS-V. In patients with severe LUTS, the tamsulosin dose should be increased earlier.

 

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[392]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Dynamic tissue perfusion measurement: a new tool for characterizing renal perfusion in renal cell carcinoma patients.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Urol Int. 2013;90(1):87-94. doi: 10.1159/000341262. Epub 2012 Nov 13.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1159/000341262

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Rosenbaum C; Wach S; Kunath F; Wullich B; Scholbach T; Engehausen DG

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Universitatsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg, Erlangen, Germany.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - INTRODUCTION: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is characterized by intense angiogenesis with hyperexpression of proangiogenic factors. This study explored the potential  of dynamic tissue perfusion measurement (DTPM) to detect differences in tissue perfusion between kidneys with RCC and corresponding healthy kidneys. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 30 patients with unilateral, histologically confirmed RCC underwent  DTPM by color Doppler ultrasound. Before scheduled surgery, Doppler ultrasound data were acquired from four transverse areas of the affected kidney and the contralateral healthy kidney. Doppler ultrasound data were recorded over a 10-second period and characteristic tissue perfusion parameters were determined.  RESULTS: The kidneys with RCC displayed characteristic changes in perfusion parameters. A significant increase in signal intensity and a significant decrease in flow resistance were noted. A combination of several DTPM parameters was used  to distinguish correctly between kidneys bearing RCC or healthy kidneys with up to 75% accuracy. There was no association between the perfusion parameters and the pathological characteristics of the respective tumors. CONCLUSIONS: DTPM is a promising tool for the evaluation of whole-organ tissue perfusion. This study demonstrates the feasibility of performing DTPM measurements in kidneys bearing RCC lesions. In tumors that are characterized by extensive neovascularization, this method has the potential to be a valuable diagnostic tool.

 

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[393]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Primary carcinoid tumor of urinary bladder discovered on pelvic magnetic resonance imaging.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Urology. 2012 Nov;80(5):e55-7. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2012.08.009.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.urology.2012.08.009

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Kaplan AL; Margolis DJ; Said J; Chin AI

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, University of California, Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90095-1738, USA. alkaplan@mednet.ucla.edu

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Pure primary carcinoid tumor of the urinary bladder is an exceedingly rare lesion with less than twenty cases reported in the English language literature. These tumors are typically small and rarely invade past the lamina propria. Amenable to transurethral resection alone, they are associated with a favorable prognosis. We present a case of pure primary carcinoid tumor of the bladder discovered on T2-weighted pelvic magnetic resonance imaging.

 

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[394]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Re: A population-based assessment of germline HOXB13 G84E mutation and prostate cancer risk.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Urol. 2012 Dec;188(6):2227-8. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.09.069. Epub 2012 Oct 22.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.juro.2012.09.069

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Walsh PC

 

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[395]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Partial sampling of radical prostatectomy specimens: detection of positive margins and extraprostatic extension.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Am J Surg Pathol. 2013 Feb;37(2):219-25. doi: 10.1097/PAS.0b013e318268ccc1.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1097/PAS.0b013e318268ccc1

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Iremashvili V; Lokeshwar SD; Soloway MS; Pelaez L; Umar SA; Manoharan M; Jorda M

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL  33101, USA. iremashvili@hotmail.com

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Currently there is no global agreement as to how extensively a radical prostatectomy specimen should be sectioned and histologically examined. We analyzed the ability of different methods of partial sampling in detecting positive margin (PM) and extraprostatic extension (EPE)-2 pathologic features of  prostate cancer that are most easily missed by partial sampling of the prostate.  Radical prostatectomy specimens from 617 patients treated with open radical prostatectomy between 1992 and 2011 were analyzed. Examination of the entirely submitted prostate detected only PM in 370 (60%), only EPE in 100 (16%), and both in 147 (24%) specimens. We determined whether these pathologic features would have been diagnosed had the examination of the specimen been limited only to alternate sections (method 1), alternate sections representing the posterior aspect of the gland in addition to one of the mid-anterior aspects (method 2), and every section representing the posterior aspect of the gland in addition to one of the mid-anterior aspects, supplemented by the remaining ipsilateral anterior sections if a sizeable tumor is seen (method 3). Methods 1 and 2 missed  13% and 21% of PMs and 28% and 47% of EPEs, respectively. Method 3 demonstrated better results missing only 5% of PMs and 7% of EPEs. Partial sampling techniques missed slightly more PMs and EPEs in patients with low-risk to intermediate-risk  prostate cancer, although even in high-risk cases none of the methods detected all of the studied aggressive pathologic features.

 

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[396]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - The impact of dose-escalated radiotherapy plus androgen deprivation for prostate  cancer using 2 linked nomograms.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Cancer. 2013 Mar 1;119(5):1080-8. doi: 10.1002/cncr.27857. Epub 2012 Oct 23.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1002/cncr.27857

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Stoyanova R; Pahlajani NH; Egleston BL; Buyyounouski MK; Chen DY; Horwitz EM; Pollack A

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine,  Miami, FL 33136, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Randomized trials have demonstrated that escalated-dose external-beam radiotherapy (EDRT) is better than standard-dose radiotherapy (SDRT) for patients with prostate cancer and that adding androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) to SDRT is better than SDRT alone; however, no trials have compared EDRT versus SDRT plus ADT or EDRT versus EDRT plus ADT. The authors designed a model to estimate the results of various doses of radiotherapy (RT) combined with various durations of  ADT. METHODS: From 1989 to 2007, 3215 men consecutively received definitive EDRT  with or without ADT. In total, 2012 patients had complete records available for creating the nomogram. The duration of ADT varied for patients who received no RT (n = 1562), </=6 months of RT (n = 145), from >6 months to <24 months of RT (n =  140), and >/=24 months of RT (n = 165) with a median follow-up of 65.7 months, 66.2 months, 60.1 months, and 63 months, respectively. The model included the following covariates: palpation T-category, biopsy Gleason score, the percentage  of tumor cells with a Gleason pattern of 4 or 5, the percentage of tumor tissue,  initial pretreatment prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level, ADT duration, and RT  dose. Two nomograms, for outcomes with and without ADT, were created from a single competing-risks model. Biochemical failure was defined as a rise in serum  PSA of 2 ng/mL over the post-treatment PSA nadir. RESULTS: According to the results from analyzing representative intermediate-risk to high-risk patient parameters, the gains from increasing the RT dose from 70 Gray (Gy) to 80 Gy were far less than the gains from adding >/=3 months of ADT. CONCLUSIONS: The nomograms provided unique patient-specific estimates of the effects of various doses and durations of RT and ADT. The results indicated that adding ADT to treatment for intermediate-risk and high-risk prostate cancer is far more beneficial than a modest RT dose escalation.

 

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[397]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - The androgen receptor: a biologically relevant vaccine target for the treatment of prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2013 Mar;62(3):585-96. doi: 10.1007/s00262-012-1363-9. Epub 2012 Oct 30.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s00262-012-1363-9

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Olson BM; Johnson LE; McNeel DG

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705, USA, bmo@medicine.wisc.edu.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - The androgen receptor (AR) plays an essential role in the development and progression of prostate cancer. However, while it has long been the primary molecular target of metastatic prostate cancer therapies, it has not been explored as an immunotherapeutic target. In particular, the AR ligand-binding domain (LBD) is a potentially attractive target, as it has an identical sequence  among humans as well as among multiple species, providing a logical candidate for preclinical evaluation. In this report, we evaluated the immune and anti-tumor efficacy of a DNA vaccine targeting the AR LBD (pTVG-AR) in relevant rodent preclinical models. We found immunization of HHDII-DR1 mice, which express human  HLA-A2 and HLA-DR1, with pTVG-AR augmented AR LBD HLA-A2-restricted peptide-specific, cytotoxic immune responses in vivo that could lyse human prostate cancer cells. Using an HLA-A2-expressing autochthonous model of prostate cancer, immunization with pTVG-AR augmented HLA-A2-restricted immune responses that could lyse syngeneic prostate tumor cells and led to a decrease in tumor burden and an increase in overall survival of tumor-bearing animals. Finally, immunization decreased prostate tumor growth in Copenhagen rats that was associated with a Th1-type immune response. These data show that the AR is as a prostate cancer immunological target antigen and that a DNA vaccine targeting the AR LBD is an attractive candidate for clinical evaluation.

 

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[398]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Recurrent peritoneal carcinomatosis in the scrotum in a patient with a history of mucocele of the appendix.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Clin Ultrasound. 2012 Nov 1. doi: 10.1002/jcu.22008.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1002/jcu.22008

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Markovich BM; Alexander AA; Gaur R; Ansari S

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Georgetown University Hospital, Department of Radiology, 3800 Reservoir Road, Washington, DC 20007.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Paratesticular metastases are rare entities and a paratesticular metastasis of a  mucinous appendiceal adenocarcinoma with peritoneal carcinomatosis has not been reported in the literature in the last 15 years. We present a case of mucinous appendiceal adenocarcinoma that progressed to peritoneal carcinomatosis. Twenty months following surgery and intraperitoneal therapy, the patient presented with  testicular pain and swelling. Ultrasound examination raised suspicion for a neoplastic process and pathology confirmed a metastatic mucinous adenocarcinoma of appendiceal origin. Radiologists should be cognizant of potential paratesticular metastases in patients with a known history of malignancy with new testicular pain and swelling. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2012.

 

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[399]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Growth kinetics of CD133-positive prostate cancer cells.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Prostate. 2012 Nov 8. doi: 10.1002/pros.22616.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1002/pros.22616

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Reyes EE; Kunovac SK; Duggan R; Kregel S; Griend DJ

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Committee on Immunology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: In the adult human prostate CD133 expression is thought to mark rare  prostate epithelial stem cells and malignant tumor stem/initiating cells. Such putative stem cell populations are thought to proliferate slowly, but possess unlimited proliferative potential. Based on this, we hypothesized that CD133(pos) prostate cancer cells proliferate slower than CD133(neg) cells. METHODS: Human prostate cancer cell lines were analyzed for CD133 expression and DNA content using flow cytometry. Rates of cell division and DNA synthesis were determined using CFSE cell tracing and BrdU uptake, respectively. Changes in cell cycle distribution and the percentage of CD133(pos) cells were assayed under conditions of different cell density and AR-pathway modulation. Lastly, we over-expressed lentiviral CD133 to measure whether CD133 regulates the cell cycle. RESULTS: The  cell cycle distribution differs between CD133(pos) and CD133(neg) cells in all three human prostate cancer cell lines studied. CD133(pos) cells have a greater proportion of cells in G(2) and proliferate faster than CD133(neg) cells. High cell density increases the percentage of CD133(pos) cells without changing CD133(pos) cell cycle progression. Treatment with the AR agonist R1881, or the anti-androgen MDV3100, significantly changed the percentage and proliferation of  CD133(pos) cells. Finally, ectopic over-expression of CD133 had no effect on cell cycle progression. CONCLUSIONS: Contrary to our hypothesis, we demonstrate that CD133(pos) cells proliferate faster than CD133(neg) cells. This association of CD133 expression with increased cell proliferation is not directly mediated by CD133, suggesting that surface CD133 is a downstream target gene of an undefined  pathway controlling cell proliferation. Prostate © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

 

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[400]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - In silico discovery of androgen receptor antagonists with activity in castration  resistant prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Mol Endocrinol. 2012 Nov;26(11):1836-46. doi: 10.1210/me.2012-1222. Epub 2012 Sep 28.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1210/me.2012-1222

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Shen HC; Shanmugasundaram K; Simon NI; Cai C; Wang H; Chen S; Balk SP; Rigby AC

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Division of Hematology-Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Previously available androgen receptor (AR) antagonists (bicalutamide, flutamide, and nilutamide) have limited activity against AR in prostate cancers that relapse after castration [castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC)]. However, recent AR competitive antagonists such as MDV3100, generated through chemical modifications to the current AR ligands, appear to have increased activity in CRPC and have novel mechanisms of action. Using pharmacophore models and a refined homology model of the antagonist-liganded AR ligand binding domain, we carried out in silico screens of small molecule libraries and report here on the  identification of a series of structurally distinct nonsteroidal small molecule competitive AR antagonists. Despite their unique chemical architectures, compounds representing each of six chemotypes functioned in vitro as pure AR antagonists. Moreover, similarly to MDV3100 and in contrast to previous AR antagonists, these compounds all prevented AR binding to chromatin, consistent with each of the six chemotypes stabilizing a similar AR antagonist conformation. Additional studies with the lead chemotype (chemotype A) showed enhanced AR protein degradation, which was dependent on helix 12 in the AR ligand binding domain. Significantly, chemotype A compounds functioned as AR antagonists in vivo in normal male mice and suppressed AR activity and tumor cell proliferation in human CRPC xenografts. These data indicate that certain ligand-induced structural alterations in the AR ligand binding domain may both impair AR chromatin binding  and enhance AR degradation and support continued efforts to develop AR antagonists with unique mechanisms of action and efficacy in CRPC.

 

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[401]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Prolonged androgen deprivation leads to downregulation of androgen receptor and prostate-specific membrane antigen in prostate cancer cells.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Int J Oncol. 2012 Dec;41(6):2087-92. doi: 10.3892/ijo.2012.1649. Epub 2012 Oct 4.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 3892/ijo.2012.1649

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Liu T; Wu LY; Fulton MD; Johnson JM; Berkman CE

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Emergence of androgen-independent cancer cells during androgen deprivation therapy presents a significant challenge to successful treatment outcomes in prostate cancer. Elucidating the role of androgen deprivation in the transition from an androgen-dependent to an androgen-independent state may enable the development of more effective therapeutic strategies against prostate cancer. Herein, we describe an in vitro model for assessing the effects of continuous androgen-deprivation on prostate cancer cells (LNCaP) with respect to the expression of two prostate-specific markers: the androgen receptor (AR) and prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA). Compared with androgen-containing normal growth medium, androgen-deprived medium apparently induced the concomitant downregulation of AR and PSMA over time. Decreased protein levels were confirmed  by fluorescence imaging, western blotting and enzymatic activity studies. In contrast to the current understanding of AR and PSMA in prostate cancer progression, our data demonstrated that androgen-deprivation induced a decrease in AR and PSMA levels in androgen-sensitive LNCaP cells, which may be associated  with the development of more aggressive disease-state following androgen deprivation therapy.

 

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[402]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Re: Incidence of second malignancies after external beam radiotherapy for clinical stage I testicular seminoma.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Urol. 2012 Dec;188(6):2231-2. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.08.076. Epub 2012 Oct 22.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.juro.2012.08.076

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Richie JP

 

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[403]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Smoking and the risk of prostate cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Br J Cancer. 2013 Feb 19;108(3):708-14. doi: 10.1038/bjc.2012.520. Epub 2012 Nov  20.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1038/bjc.2012.520

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Rohrmann S; Linseisen J; Allen N; Bueno-de-Mesquita HB; Johnsen NF; Tjonneland A; Overvad K; Kaaks R; Teucher B; Boeing H; Pischon T; Lagiou P; Trichopoulou A; Trichopoulos D; Palli D; Krogh V; Tumino R; Ricceri F; Arguelles Suarez MV; Agudo A; Sanchez MJ; Chirlaque MD; Barricarte A; Larranaga N; Boshuizen H; van Kranen HJ; Stattin P; Johansson M; Bjartell A; Ulmert D; Khaw KT; Wareham NJ; Ferrari P; Romieux I; Gunter MJ; Riboli E; Key TJ

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich 8001, Switzerland. sabine.rohrmann@ifspm.uzh.ch

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Smoking is not associated with prostate cancer incidence in most studies, but associations between smoking and fatal prostate cancer have been reported. METHODS: During 1992 and 2000, lifestyle information was assessed via questionnaires and personal interview in a cohort of 145,112 European men. Until  2009, 4623 incident cases of prostate cancer were identified, including 1517 cases of low-grade, 396 cases of high grade, 1516 cases of localised, 808 cases of advanced disease, and 432 fatal cases. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards  regression models were used to examine the association of smoking status, smoking intensity, and smoking duration with the risk of incident and fatal prostate cancer. RESULTS: Compared with never smokers, current smokers had a reduced risk  of prostate cancer (RR=0.90, 95% CI: 0.83-0.97), which was statistically significant for localised and low-grade disease, but not for advanced or high-grade disease. In contrast, heavy smokers (25+ cigarettes per day) and men who had smoked for a long time (40+ years) had a higher risk of prostate cancer death (RR=1.81, 95% CI: 1.11-2.93; RR=1.38, 95% CI: 1.01-1.87, respectively). CONCLUSION: The observation of an increased prostate cancer mortality among heavy smokers confirms the results of previous prospective studies.

 

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[404]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Expression of ERG protein, a prostate cancer specific marker, in high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN): lack of utility to stratify cancer risks associated with HGPIN.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - BJU Int. 2012 Dec;110(11 Pt B):E751-5. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11557.x. Epub 2012 Oct 9.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11557.x

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - He H; Osunkoya AO; Carver P; Falzarano S; Klein E; Magi-Galluzzi C; Zhou M

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute Glickman Institute of Urology and Kidney, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH Department of Pathology and Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA Department of Pathology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA Peking University, Health Science Center, Beijing, China.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Study Type - Diagnosis (cohort) Level of Evidence 2b What’s known on the subject? and What does the study add? High grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia is a  pre-malignant lesion to prostate cancer and is associated with 20%-25% risk of prostate cancer in subsequent repeat biopsies. ERG is a highly prostate-cancer-specific marker. Expression of ERG is rare in isolated high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia diagnosed in prostate biopsy and is not associated with cancer risk in subsequent repeat biopsies. OBJECTIVES: * To evaluate how often ERG, a highly prostate-cancer-specific marker, is expressed in isolated high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) by immunohistochemistry. * To study whether a positive ERG immunostain in HGPIN correlates with prostate cancer (PCa) detection in subsequent repeat biopsies. PATIENTS AND METHODS: * Patients with initial HGPIN in biopsies and at least one  follow-up prostate biopsy were included. * Biopsies with HGPIN were immunostained for ERG. * The ERG staining results were then correlated with the PCa risk in subsequent biopsies. RESULTS: * The mean age of 94 patients was 63 years (range 48-78). A mean of 1.8 (range 1-5) repeat biopsy sessions were carried out at a mean interval of 27.4 months (range 1.5-140). The repeat biopsies showed PCa and  non-cancer lesions (benign, HGPIN, atypical glands suspicious for cancer) in 36 patients (38%) and 58 patients (62%) respectively. * ERG immunostain was positive in five (5.3%) biopsies with HGPIN, in which PCa was found in two (40%) subsequent biopsies. Of 89 biopsies with negative ERG staining, PCa was found in  34 (38%) repeat biopsies. The cancer detection rate was not different between ERG positive and negative cases (P= 0.299). CONCLUSIONS: * This is the first study to investigate the ERG protein expression in prostate biopsy containing HGPIN only and its use to stratify the cancer risk associated with HGPIN. We found that ERG  expression is distinctly uncommon in isolated HGPIN (5.3%). * Positive ERG expression is not associated with increased cancer detection in subsequent repeat biopsies. The use of ERG immunostain in the evaluation and cancer risk stratification of HGPIN is of limited value.

 

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[405]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Socioeconomic and clinical factors influence the interval between positive prostate biopsy and radical prostatectomy.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Urology. 2012 Nov;80(5):1027-32. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2012.01.008.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.urology.2012.01.008

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Pitman M; Korets R; Kates M; Hruby GW; McKiernan JM

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - OBJECTIVE: To examine socioeconomic and clinical factors that may predict a longer interval between prostate biopsy and radical prostatectomy (RP). METHODS:  The Columbia University Urologic Oncology Database was queried for patients who underwent RP from 1990-2010. Time to surgery (TTS) was defined as the period between the most recent positive prostate biopsy and date of surgery. Clinical factors examined included: age, D’Amico risk group, year of surgery, body mass index, and comorbidities. Socioeconomic factors included race/ethnicity, relationship status, income, and distance to treatment center. The relationship between clinical/socioeconomic factors and TTS was evaluated using univariate and multivariate regression models. RESULTS: Two-thousand five-hundred seventy-three  patients were included in the analysis. Median TTS was 48 days (IQR 35-70, range  43-1103), and 71% of patients underwent RP within 60 days after the most recent positive biopsy. On multivariate analysis, living further from the medical center was associated with shorter TTS (P = .01), whereas more recent year of surgery (P = .01), comorbid cardiovascular disease (P = .007), African-American (P = .005) or Hispanic race (P = .005), divorced relationship status (P = .01), and lower income (P = .003) were all associated with longer TTS. CONCLUSION: Patients often experience widely variable intervals between the diagnosis and treatment of localized prostate cancer. Longer intervals before surgery may point to disparities in access to prostate cancer care, and not increased decision-making  time by the patient.

 

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[406]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - c-Met is a prognostic marker and potential therapeutic target in clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Ann Oncol. 2013 Feb;24(2):343-9. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mds463. Epub 2012 Sep 28.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1093/annonc/mds463

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Gibney GT; Aziz SA; Camp RL; Conrad P; Schwartz BE; Chen CR; Kelly WK; Kluger HM

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Cutaneous Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA. geoffrey.gibney@moffitt.org

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Activation of the c-Met pathway occurs in a range of malignancies, including papillary renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Its activity in clear cell RCC is less clear. We investigated c-Met expression and inhibition in a large cohort of  RCC tumors and cell lines. METHODS: c-Met protein expression was determined by automated quantitative analysis (AQUA) on a tissue microarray (TMA) constructed from 330 RCC tumors paired with adjacent normal renal tissue. c-Met expression and selective inhibition with SU11274 and ARQ 197 were studied in clear cell RCC  cell lines. RESULTS: Higher c-Met expression was detected in all RCC subtypes than in the adjacent normal renal tissue (P < 0.0001). Expression was highest in  papillary and sarcomatoid subtypes, and high-grade and stage tumors. Higher c-Met expression correlated with worse disease-specific survival [risk ratio = 1.36; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.08-1.74; P = 0.0091] and was an independent predictor of survival, maintained in clear cell subset analyses. c-Met protein was activated in all cell lines, and proliferation (and colony formation) was blocked by SU11274 and ARQ 197. CONCLUSIONS: c-Met is associated with poor pathologic features and prognosis in RCC. c-Met inhibition demonstrates in vitro  activity against clear cell RCC. Further study of ARQ 197 with appropriate biomarker studies in RCC is warranted.

 

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[407]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Incidence of primary and second cancers in renal transplant recipients: a multicenter cohort study.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Am J Transplant. 2013 Jan;13(1):214-21. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2012.04294.x. Epub 2012 Oct 11.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1111/j.1600-6143.2012.04294.x

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Tessari G; Naldi L; Boschiero L; Minetti E; Sandrini S; Nacchia F; Valerio F; Rugiu C; Sassi F; Gotti E; Fonte L; Talamini G; Girolomoni G

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Section of Dermatology and Venereology, Verona, Italy. gianpaolo.tessari@ospedaleuniverona.it

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Limited data exist about cancer prognosis and the development of second cancers in renal transplant recipients. In a retrospective cohort study on 3537 patients  incidence rates of the first and, if any, of a second cancer, and standardized incidence ratios [SIR (95% CI)] were computed. Two hundred and sixty-three (7.5%) patients developed a NMSC, and 253 (7.2%) another type of cancer after a median follow-up of 6.5 and 9.0 years, respectively. A statistically significant excess  risk, if compared to an age- and sex-matched reference general population, was observed for Kaposi sarcoma and NMSC, followed by non-Hodgkin lymphoma and carcinoma of cervix uteri; a small number of unusual cancers such as tumors of the salivary glands, small intestine and thyroid also were detected at a level worthy of additional scrutiny. Ten-year survival rate of all noncutaneous cancers was 71.3%, with lower rates for lung carcinoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (0% and 41.7%, respectively). Patients with NMSC had an increased risk of developing a second NMSC [SIR 8.3 (7.0-10.0)], and patients with a primary noncutaneous cancer had increased risk of developing a second noncutaneous cancer [SIR 1.8 (1.2-2.8)], if compared to the whole cohort. Our study underscore that the high risk of primary and second cancer in renal transplant recipients, including unusual cancers.

 

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[408]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Harms versus benefits with duration of androgen suppression.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Lancet Oncol. 2012 Dec;13(12):1182-3. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(12)70480-1. Epub 2012 Nov 12.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/S1470-2045(12)70480-1

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Nguyen PL

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber and Brigham and Women’s Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA. pnguyen@LROC.harvard.edu

 

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[409]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Is CDX2 immunostaining useful for delineating anorectal from penile/vulvar squamous cancer in the setting of squamous cell carcinoma with clinically unknown primary site presenting with histologically confirmed inguinal lymph node metastasis?

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Clin Pathol. 2013 Feb;66(2):109-12. doi: 10.1136/jclinpath-2012-201138. Epub 2012 Oct 26.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1136/jclinpath-2012-201138

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Gunia S; Koch S; May M

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Pathology, Institute of Pathology at the Johanniter Hospital Stendal, Stendal, Germany. sven-gunia@gmx.de

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - AIMS: Penile, vulvar and anal squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) share histomorphological overlap and are prone to lymphatic dissemination into inguinal nodes. Anal SCCs might derive from the anorectal zone (ARZ), anal transitional zone, squamous zone or from perianal skin. These anatomically distinct zones differ in terms of their embryological development. We sought to investigate the  role of caudal-related homeobox 2 (CDX2), a homeobox gene implicated in the development and anterior/posterior pattern specification from duodenum to rectum  including the ARZ, in terms of narrowing the possible sites of origin to be considered in the setting of SCC with unknown primary presenting with histologically confirmed inguinal lymph node metastasis. METHODS: By immunohistochemistry (IHC) employing a panel of antibodies directed against CK5/6, CK7, CK20, p63, p16, CEA and CDX2, we compared 89 penile, 11 vulvar and eight anal SCCs with respect to their staining profiles. Moreover, anal SCCs were subjected to in situ hybridisation (ISH) for high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) subtypes. RESULTS: By IHC, CDX2 expression was observed in 2/8 anal SCCs (25%) while being absent from all penile and vulvar SCCs examined. High-risk HPV subtypes were detected by ISH in all anal SCCs examined, which were uniformly p16-positive by IHC. CONCLUSIONS: CDX2 might be valuable in terms of narrowing the possible sites of origin to be considered in the setting of SCC with unknown  primary presenting with inguinal lymph node metastasis. However, despite its favourable specificity, the diagnostic benefit achieved by this observation is limited by the low sensitivity.

 

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[410]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Occupational exposure to herbs containing aristolochic acids increases the risk of urothelial carcinoma in Chinese herbalists.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Urol. 2013 Jan;189(1):48-52. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.08.090. Epub 2012 Nov 16.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.juro.2012.08.090

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Yang HY; Wang JD; Lo TC; Chen PC

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Occupational Medicine, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital and School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, Republic of China.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: Aristolochic acid can cause urothelial carcinoma. Herbal remedies containing aristolochic acids were previously categorized as proven group 1 human carcinogens by the WHO cancer agency, the International Agency for Research on Cancer. However, the health effect on workers exposed to aristolochic acid is unclear. Fangchi, a representative herb containing aristolochic acid, is commonly used in the Chinese herbal medicine industry. We determined whether workers exposed to fangchi are at increased risk for urothelial carcinoma. MATERIALS AND  METHODS: We designed a case-control study based in a national representative cohort of Chinese herbalists. This study analyzed 6,564 Chinese herbalists employed between 1985 and 1998. All incident cases of urothelial carcinoma that occurred between 1988 and 2001 were defined as the case group. Controls were selected from the baseline cohort in a randomized manner. A total of 24 cases and 140 controls were included in analysis. Information about fangchi exposure was obtained in a questionnaire survey administered in 2002. RESULTS: Processing, selling or dispensing herbs containing fangchi significantly increased the risk of urothelial carcinoma (HR 2.4, 95% CI 1.1-5.3, p = 0.03). This relationship was independent of cigarette smoking or potential arsenic exposure from drinking water from deep wells. CONCLUSIONS: Exposure to the Chinese herbal drug fangchi increases the risk of urothelial carcinoma in herbalists. Appropriate medical monitoring is warranted for workers who have similar exposure.

 

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[411]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - The role of urine cytology for ‘decoy cells’ as a screening tool in renal transplant recipients.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Acta Cytol. 2012;56(5):543-7. doi: 10.1159/000341425. Epub 2012 Sep 27.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1159/000341425

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Ranzi AD; Prolla JC; Keitel E; Brackmann R; Kist R; dos Santos G; Bica CG

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - OBJECTIVE: To determine the role of urine cytology for ‘decoy cells’ as a screening tool for polyomavirus type BK (BKV) infection in renal transplant recipients. STUDY DESIGN: This was a prospective cohort study of patients undergoing renal transplantation between 2006 and 2010. RESULTS: A total of 442 patients underwent urine cytology for decoy cells, 27.8% underwent 1 examination  only and 72.2% more than one. Of the 1,713 examinations reviewed, 426 (24.9%) were positive and 785 (45.8%) were negative for ‘decoy’ cells, 380 (22.2%) showed degenerated tubular cells and 122 (7.1%) were unsatisfactory for analysis. Urine  cytology was found to have a specificity of 68.5%, a sensitivity of 84.6%, a positive predictive value of 21.2%, a negative predictive value of 97.8% and an overall accuracy of 69.9%. The incidence of polyomavirus nephropathy among the patients investigated was 11.8%. Of the 442 patients, 32 (7.2%) had graft loss, which was attributed to BKV nephropathy in 2 (6.2% of the 32). CONCLUSIONS: Urine cytology is an effective screening method for monitoring renal transplant patients, with high sensitivity and a high negative predictive value, and can therefore be used routinely in the follow-up of renal transplant patients.

 

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[412]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Radiofluorinated derivatives of 2-(phosphonomethyl)pentanedioic acid as inhibitors of prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) for the imaging of prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Med Chem. 2012 Nov 26;55(22):9510-20. doi: 10.1021/jm300710j. Epub 2012 Oct 24.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1021/jm300710j

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Graham K; Lesche R; Gromov AV; Bohnke N; Schafer M; Hassfeld J; Dinkelborg L; Kettschau G

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Global Drug Discovery, Bayer HealthCare, Mullerstrasse 178, 13353, Berlin, Germany. keith.graham@bayer.com

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - For prostate cancer, prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) has been identified as a diagnostic and therapeutic target. Fluorinated derivatives of 2-(phosphonomethyl)pentanedioic acid were designed and synthesized to explore whether this fluorine-substituent is tolerated in the pentanedioic acid moiety that is common to almost all PSMA targeting small molecule inhibitors. The binding affinities of the racemic and individual stereoisomers of 2-fluoro-4-(phosphonomethyl)pentanedioic acid were determined and showed that the introduction of fluorine was well tolerated. The radiosynthesis of the analogous  2-[(18)F]fluoro-4-(phosphonomethyl)pentanedioic acid was developed and evaluated  in vivo with the PSMA positive LNCaP human prostate cancer cell. The biological results demonstrated specific binding of the tracer to PSMA positive tumors in mice. These results warrant the further evaluation of this class of compounds as  radiolabeled tracers for the detection and staging of prostate cancer.

 

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[413]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the kidney: a single-institute series of six patients from china.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Urol Int. 2013;90(2):174-8. doi: 10.1159/000342647. Epub 2012 Oct 26.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1159/000342647

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Huang J; Zhang J; Dong B; Chen Y; Kong W; Liu Q; Xue W; Liu D; Huang Y

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Objective: Renal primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) is a rare and highly malignant neoplasm. Our study aims to present the clinical findings and prognosis of 6 patients with renal PNET from China. Material and Methods: From January 2003 to February 2012, 6 patients with renal PNET confirmed by immunohistochemical staining and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) treated in our institution were reviewed retrospectively and our data compared with the literature. Results: There were 4 male and 2 female patients with a mean age of 35.0 years. The mean diameter was 13.3 cm. Five of the masses had renal vein thrombosis, and 3 extended into the inferior vena cava. A lymph node metastasis was detected in 1 patient and a liver metastasis in another patient. Radical nephrectomy was performed in all cases, with 5 patients following chemotherapy and 1 receiving Sutent treatment. Within a median follow-up of 7.5 months (range 1-71), median overall survival was 22.1 months. Conclusions: The diagnosis of renal PNET should be considered in young patients presenting with renal mass and venous thrombosis. It seems that Asian renal PNET patients had a higher rate of venous thrombosis than Caucasian populations. CD99 positivity on immunohistochemistry and EWS-FL1 chimera gene detected by FISH support the diagnosis. The prognosis is poor despite multimodal treatment.

 

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[414]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Operational Characteristics of (11)C-Choline Positron Emission Tomography/Computerized Tomography for Prostate Cancer with Biochemical Recurrence After Initial Treatment.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Urol. 2012 Oct 30. pii: S0022-5347(12)05357-8. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.10.069.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.juro.2012.10.069

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Mitchell CR; Lowe VJ; Rangel LJ; Hung JC; Kwon ED; Karnes RJ

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota. Electronic address: mitchell.christopher@mayo.edu.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: We examined the performance of (11)C-choline positron emission tomography/computerized tomography for its ability to delineate prostate cancer distribution and extent after initial therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A consecutive series retrospective review was performed of all patients with prostate cancer who were evaluated using (11)C-choline positron emission tomography/computerized tomography from September 2007 to November 2010 at the Mayo Clinic. Statistical analysis was performed to determine the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and prostate specific antigen threshold for the detection of recurrent lesions. RESULTS: In the study period 176 patients with biochemical recurrence after primary treatment failure underwent (11)C-choline positron emission tomography/computerized tomography. Using patient based analysis (11)C-choline positron emission tomography yielded a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of 93%, 76%, 91% and 81%, respectively. Of the 176 positron emission tomography/computerized tomography scans performed 56 (32%) were deemed clinically useful as defined by the ability to identify lesions not delineated using conventional imaging, thereby prompting changes in clinical management. The optimal prostate specific antigen for lesion detection was 2.0 ng/ml. On multivariate analysis prostate specific antigen at positron emission tomography (HR 1.37, p = 0.04) and clinical stage at initial diagnosis of prostate cancer (HR 5.19, p = 0.0035) were significant predictors of positive (11)C-choline positron emission tomography/computerized tomography. CONCLUSIONS:  (11)C-choline positron emission tomography/computerized tomography performs well  in men with biochemical recurrence after primary treatment failure. The optimal prostate specific antigen value for lesion detection is approximately 2.0 ng/ml.  We found that (11)C-choline positron emission tomography/computerized tomography  substantially enhances the rate of prostate cancer lesion detection by approximately 32% beyond what can be garnered using conventional imaging techniques and at a lower prostate specific antigen value.

 

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[415]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Underestimation of urinary biomarker-to-creatinine ratio resulting from age-related gain in muscle mass in rats.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Toxicology. 2013 Jan 7;303:169-76. doi: 10.1016/j.tox.2012.11.008. Epub 2012 Nov  23.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.tox.2012.11.008

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Tonomura Y; Morikawa Y; Takagi S; Torii M; Matsubara M

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Drug Safety Evaluation, Drug Developmental Research Laboratories, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Toyonaka, Japan. yutaka.tonomura@shionogi.co.jp

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Recent efforts have been made to identify useful urinary biomarkers of nephrotoxicity. Furthermore, the application of urine to the other toxicities as  new biomarker source has been recently expanded. Meanwhile, correction of urinary biomarker concentrations according to fluctuations in urine flow rate is required for adequate interpretation of the alteration. The urinary biomarker-to-creatinine ratio (UBCR) is widely used because of the convenience, while the urinary biomarker-excretion rate is regarded as the gold standard corrective method. Because creatinine is a catabolite in energy production in muscles, we hypothesized that altered muscle mass could affect creatinine kinetics, ultimately affecting UBCR. However, no study has examined this hypothesis. In this study, we examined the influence of muscle mass gain on UBCR, using male Sprague-Dawley rats during the growth phase, 6-12-week old. Both plasma creatinine and excretion of urinary creatinine (Ucr excretion) showed increases with muscle mass gain in rats, in which the alterations of UBCR were lowered. The renal mRNA level of the organic cation transporter-2 (Oct2), a creatinine transporter, showed an age-related increase, whereas the mRNA level of multidrug and toxin extrusions-1 (Mate1) remained constant. Multiple regression analysis showed that the increase in creatinine clearance highly contributed to the age-related increase in Ucr excretion compared to the mRNA levels of Oct2 and Mate1. This suggested that the age-related increase in Ucr excretion may be attributable to the increased transglomerular passage of creatinine. In conclusion, the results suggest that muscle mass gain can affect creatinine kinetics, leading to underestimation of UBCR. Therefore, it is important to understand the characteristics of the corrective method when using urinary biomarker, the failure of which can result in an incorrect diagnosis.

 

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[416]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Regulation of androgen receptor expression by Z-isochaihulactone mediated by the  JNK signaling pathway and might be related to cytotoxicity in prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Prostate. 2013 Apr;73(5):531-41. doi: 10.1002/pros.22593. Epub 2012 Oct 4.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1002/pros.22593

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Liu PY; Lin SZ; Sheu JJ; Lin CT; Lin PC; Chou YW; Huang MH; Chiou TW; Harn HJ

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: The androgen receptor (AR) is a main therapeutic target for treatment of prostate cancer (PCa). The natural compound isochaihulactone (K8), which has a chiral center ring and two racemic forms (E-K8 and Z-K8), has anti-tumor effects  on multiple cancer types both in vitro and in vivo. Here, we determined which form of K8 contains significant tumor cytotoxicity and examined how this form regulates AR expression in PCa cells and xenografts. METHODS: We chose the androgen-dependent human PCa cell line LNCaP and the androgen-independent cell lines DU145 and PC-3 to study the anti-tumor potency and AR regulation mediated by Z-K8. We measured cell viability and used flow cytometry, RT-PCR, and Western  blotting. Growth inhibition in vivo was evaluated with an LNCaP xenograft animal  model. RESULTS: In LNCaP cells, Z-K8 significantly repressed cell proliferation,  induced apoptosis, repressed AR mRNA and protein expression in a time-dependent manner, and induced JNK phosphorylation. Furthermore, treatment with a JNK inhibitor significantly abolished Z-K8-induced AR downregulation. Z-K8 did not significantly inhibit reporter gene expression of constructs containing the AR promoter when it contained a mutated Sp1 binding site. Z-K8 also showed anti-tumor effects in the xenograft animal model. CONCLUSION: Z-K8 not only induced LNCaP apoptosis but also reduced AR expression. These results indicate that Z-K8 may be a potential anti-tumor drug for PCa therapy. Prostate 73: 531-541, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

 

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[417]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Pipernonaline from Piper longum Linn. induces ROS-mediated apoptosis in human prostate cancer PC-3 cells.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2013 Jan 4;430(1):406-12. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.11.030. Epub 2012 Nov 15.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.bbrc.2012.11.030

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Lee W; Kim KY; Yu SN; Kim SH; Chun SS; Ji JH; Yu HS; Ahn SC

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 602-739, South Korea.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - The antiproliferation effects of pipernonaline, a piperine derivative, were investigated on human prostate cancer PC-3 cells. It inhibited growth of androgen independent PC-3 and androgen dependent LNCaP prostate cells in a dose-dependent  (30-90 muM) and time-dependent (24-48 h) manner. The growth inhibition of PC-3 cells was associated with sub-G(1) and G(0)/G(1) accumulation, confirmed by the down-regulation of CDK2, CDK4, cyclin D1 and cyclin E, which are correlated with  G(1) phase of cell cycle. Pipernonaline up-regulated cleavage of procaspase-3/PARP, but did not change expression of proapoptotic bax and antiapoptotic bcl-2 proteins. Its caspase-3 activation was confirmed by the caspase-3 assay kit. In addition, pipernonaline caused the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), increase of intracellular Ca(2+), and mitochondrial membrane depolarization, which these phenomena were reversed by N-acetylcysteine, a ROS scavenger. The results suggest that pipernonaline exhibits apoptotic properties through ROS production, which causes disruption of mitochondrial function and Ca(2+) homeostasis and leads to its downstream events including activation of caspase-3 and cleavage of PARP in PC-3 cells. This is the first report of pipernonaline toward the anticancer activity of prostate cancer cells,  which provides a role for candidate agent as well as the molecular basis for human prostate cancer.

 

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[418]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Simvastatin Induces Apoptosis in Castrate Resistant Prostate Cancer Cells by Deregulating Nuclear Factor-kappaB Pathway.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Urol. 2012 Oct 22. pii: S0022-5347(12)05258-5. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.10.030.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.juro.2012.10.030

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Park YH; Seo SY; Lee E; Ku JH; Kim HH; Kwak C

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: In castrate resistant prostate cancer cells we investigated the cytotoxic effect of simvastatin and the mechanism involved. MATERIALS AND METHODS: After treating PC3 and DU-145 cells with simvastatin, cell viability and apoptosis were determined using tetrazolium salt based colorimetric assay and annexin-V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide double staining assay, respectively. To determine whether simvastatin affects the nuclear factor-kappaB  pathway, we assessed IkappaBalpha and phosphorylated IkappaBalpha expression, and p65 and phosphorylated p65 subcellular localization by Western blot analysis. Also, changes in nuclear factor-kappaB transcriptional activity were assessed using a luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS: After treating PC3 and DU-145 cells with 0, 20 or 40 muM simvastatin for 24, 48 or 72 hours, the proportion of viable cells decreased and the proportion of apoptotic cells increased in a dose and time dependent manner. Western blot analysis showed that simvastatin inhibited IkappaBalpha phosphorylation and degradation. It also demonstrated that simvastatin increased p65 protein levels in cytoplasmic fractions and decreased phosphorylated p65 protein levels in nuclear fractions but did not change p65 protein levels in cytoplasm. Luciferase reporter assay showed that simvastatin dose dependently reduced nuclear factor-kappaB activity. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot revealed that simvastatin inhibited nuclear factor-kappaB regulated cIAP-1 and 2, cFLIP-S and XIAP expression in dose and time dependent fashion. CONCLUSIONS: Simvastatin inhibited castrate resistant prostate cancer cell growth by inducing apoptosis. These effects were probably mediated by the inhibition of IkappaBalpha phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of p50/p65 dimer in the nuclear factor-kappaB pathway.

 

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[419]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Economic and humanistic consequences of preventable bladder tumor recurrences in  nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer cases.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Urol. 2012 Dec;188(6):2114-9. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.08.005. Epub 2012 Oct 18.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.juro.2012.08.005

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Lee CT; Barocas D; Globe DR; Oefelein MG; Colayco DC; Bruno A; O’Day K; Bramley T

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-5946, USA. ctlee@umich.edu

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: Perioperative intravesical chemotherapy following transurethral resection of bladder tumor has been underused despite level 1 evidence supporting its performance. The primary objective of this study was to estimate the economic and humanistic consequences associated with preventable recurrences in patients initially diagnosed with nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using population based estimates of nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer incidence, a 2-year model was developed to estimate the number of preventable recurrences in eligible patients untreated with perioperative intravesical chemotherapy. Therapy utilization rates were obtained from a retrospective database analysis and a chart review study of 1,010 patients with nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer. Recurrence rates of nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer were obtained from a randomized clinical trial comparing transurethral resection  of bladder tumor with or without perioperative mitomycin C. Costs were estimated  using prevailing Medicare reimbursement rates. Quality adjusted life-year estimates and disutilities for complications were obtained from the literature. RESULTS: The model estimated that 7,827 bladder recurrences could be avoided if all patients received immediate intravesical chemotherapy. It estimated an economic savings of $3,847 per avoidable recurrence, resulting in an aggregate savings of $30.1 million. The model also estimated that 1,025 quality adjusted life-years are lost every 2 years due to preventable recurrences, resulting in 0.13 quality adjusted life-years (48 quality adjusted days) lost per avoidable recurrence. This translates into 0.02 quality adjusted life-years (8.1 quality adjusted days) lost per patient not receiving immediate intravesical chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: Greater use of immediate intravesical chemotherapy in  the United States has the potential to substantially decrease the economic and humanistic burdens of nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer.

 

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[420]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Chronic Exposure of Renal Stem Cells to Inorganic Arsenic Induces a Cancer Phenotype.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Chem Res Toxicol. 2012 Nov 19.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1021/tx3004054

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Tokar EJ; Person RJ; Sun Y; Perantoni AO; Waalkes MP

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - National Toxicology Program Laboratory, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences , Research Triangle  Park, North Carolina 27709, United States.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Inorganic arsenic in the drinking water is a multisite human carcinogen that potentially targets the kidney. Recent evidence also indicates that developmental arsenic exposure impacts renal carcinogenesis in humans and mice. Emerging theory indicates that cancer may be a disease of stem cells (SCs) and that there are abundant active SCs during early life. Therefore, we hypothesized that inorganic  arsenic targets SCs, or partially differentiated progenitor cells (PCs), for oncogenic transformation. Thus, a rat kidney SC/PC cell line, RIMM-18, was chronically exposed to low-level arsenite (500 nM) for up to 28 weeks. Multiple markers of acquired cancer phenotype were assessed biweekly during arsenic exposure, including secreted matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity, proliferation rate, colony formation in soft agar, and cellular invasiveness. Arsenic exposure by 10 weeks and after also induced marked and sustained increases in colony formation, indicative of the loss of contact inhibition, and  increased invasiveness, both cancer cell characteristics. Compared to the passage-matched control, chronic arsenic exposure caused exposure-duration dependent increases in secreted MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity, Cox-2 expression, and more rapid proliferation (all >2-fold), characteristics typical of cancer cells.  Dysregulation of SC maintenance genes and signaling pathways are common during oncogenesis. During arsenite exposure, expression of several genes associated with normal kidney development and SC regulation and differentiation (i.e., Wt-1, Wnt-4, Bmp-7, etc.) were aberrantly altered. Arsenic-exposed renal SCs produced more nonadherent spheroid bodies that grew much more aggressively in Matrigel, typical of cancer SCs (CSCs). The transformed cells also showed gene overexpression typical of renal SCs/CSCs (CD24, Osr1, Ncam) and arsenic adaptation such as overexpression of Mt-1, Mt2, Sod-1, and Abcc2. These data suggest that inorganic arsenic induced an acquired cancer phenotype in vitro in these rat kidney SCs potentially forming CSCs and, consistent with data in vivo,  indicate that these multipotent SCs may be targets of arsenic during renal carcinogenesis.

 

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[421]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Type 2 diabetes mellitus, insulin-use and risk of bladder cancer in a large cohort study.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Int J Cancer. 2013 May 1;132(9):2186-91. doi: 10.1002/ijc.27878. Epub 2012 Oct 20.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1002/ijc.27878

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Newton CC; Gapstur SM; Campbell PT; Jacobs EJ

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA 30303-1002, USA. christina.newton@cancer.org

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with increased bladder cancer incidence in some, but not all, studies. Many studies had limited statistical power and few examined risk by insulin-use, duration of diabetes or cancer stage. We examined the association between T2DM and bladder cancer incidence in the Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition Cohort, a large prospective study with information on insulin-use and duration of diabetes. Diabetes and insulin-use were ascertained from a questionnaire at study enrollment in 1992 or 1993 and updated in 1997 and every 2 years thereafter. During follow-up through 2007, 1,852 cases of incident bladder cancer were identified among 172,791 participants. Multivariable adjusted relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using extended Cox regression modeling. There were no associations of T2DM with the risk of bladder cancer overall (RR = 1.01, 95% CI: 0.87-1.17), noninvasive disease (RR = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.76-1.14) or invasive disease (RR = 1.13, 95% CI: 0.91-1.40). Compared to participants without T2DM, risk of invasive bladder cancer was higher among participants who had had T2DM for >15 years (RR = 1.63, 95% CI: 1.09-2.43) and among those using insulin (RR =  1.64, 95% CI: 1.18-2.27). These results do not support an association of T2DM with overall bladder cancer incidence, but do suggest positive associations of long-term T2DM and insulin-use or other factors correlated with severe diabetes,  with invasive bladder cancer incidence.

 

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[422]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Advantages of kidney transplant precocity in graft long-term survival.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Transplant Proc. 2012 Oct;44(8):2344-7. doi: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2012.07.030.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.transproceed.2012.07.030

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Malho A; Malheiro J; Fonseca I; Martins LS; Pedroso S; Almeida M; Dias L; Castro Henriques A; Cabrita A

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Servico de Nefrologia, Hospital Santo Antonio, Porto, Portugal. anabelamalho@hotmail.com

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Preemptive kidney transplantation (KT) or KT after a brief period on  dialysis (<6 months) has been associated with better graft survival. Our study aimed to analyze the effect of an early KT on graft survival censored for patient death with functioning graft. METHODS: A total of 1,373 kidney-only transplantations, from both living and deceased donors, performed from 1983 to 2010 were retrospectively studied. We defined 2 groups: those with early KT (preemptive or within 6 months after dialysis initiation; n = 131) and non-early  KT (n = 1,242). Survival curves for each group were calculated by Kaplan-Meier analysis and compared by log-rank test. The independent effect of early KT on censored graft survival was analyzed by a multivariate-adjusted Cox proportional  regression model. RESULTS: The 5-, 10-, 15-, and 20-year censored graft survival  rates were, respectively, 96%, 89%, 79%, and 79% among the early KT group, and 91%, 81%, 68%, and 49% among the non-early KT group (P = .024). Multivariate analysis showed the following to be independent predictors for censored graft failure: non-early KT (hazard ratio [HR] 2.58; P = .028), recipient age (HR 0.97; P < .001), donor age (HR 1.03; P < .001), recipient negative status for cytomegalovirus IgG (HR 1.44; P = .032), delayed graft function (HR 1.48; P = .013), and acute rejection event (HR 1.68; P = .002). CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that early KT can be an approach for the improvement of long-term graft survival.

 

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[423]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Low mannose-binding lectin serum levels are associated with reduced kidney graft  survival.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Kidney Int. 2013 Feb;83(2):264-71. doi: 10.1038/ki.2012.373. Epub 2012 Nov 21.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1038/ki.2012.373

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Bay JT; Sorensen SS; Hansen JM; Madsen HO; Garred P

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Clinical Immunology, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Activation of the complement system is initiated by the alternative, the classical, or the lectin pathway. As the complement system is involved in the pathophysiology of graft rejection after kidney transplantation, we investigated  the possible role of mannose-binding lectin in kidney transplantation and the influence of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) immunization on this process. In a prospective study of 544 kidney transplant patients over a follow-up period of 5  years, low serum levels of this lectin at the time of transplantation were found  to be significantly associated with decreased 5-year death-censored graft survival (hazard ratio 1.68). Subanalysis showed that this association was confined to non-HLA-immunized patients (hazard ratio 1.93). The strongest association was seen in non-HLA-immunized patients receiving a kidney from a deceased donor (hazard ratio 2.93). No significant association with mannose-binding lectin levels and graft survival were found in HLA-immunized patients. Variant MBL2 genotypes causing low mannose-binding lectin serum concentrations showed the same association pattern. Our findings demonstrate a clear protective role of mannose-binding lectin and thus innate immunity in maintaining kidney graft survival, but these are probably overruled by HLA immunization.

 

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[424]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Inhibition of progression of androgen-dependent prostate LNCaP tumors to androgen independence in SCID mice by oral caffeine and voluntary exercise.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Nutr Cancer. 2012;64(7):1029-37. doi: 10.1080/01635581.2012.716899.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1080/01635581.2012.716899

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Zheng X; Cui XX; Huang MT; Liu Y; Wagner GC; Lin Y; Shih WJ; Lee MJ; Yang CS; Conney AH

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Susan Lehman Cullman Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - The effect of oral caffeine or voluntary running wheel exercise (RW) alone or in  combination on the progression of human androgen-dependent LNCaP prostate tumors  to androgen independence in male severe combined immunodeficiency mice was determined. The mice were injected subcutaneously with LNCaP cells, and when the  tumors reached a moderate size, the mice were surgically castrated and treated with caffeine (0.40 mg/ml drinking water) or RW alone or in combination for 42 days. We found that caffeine administration or RW inhibited the progression and growth of androgen-dependent LNCaP tumors to androgen independence, and a combination of the 2 regimens was more effective than the individual regimens alone. The ratios of the percent mitotic cells/caspase-3 positive cells in tumors from the caffeine-treated, RW-treated, or combination-treated mice were decreased by 34%, 38%, and 52%, respectively. Caffeine treatment increased the percentage of mitotic tumor cells undergoing apoptosis (lethal mitosis) whereas RW inhibited the increase in interleukin-6 that occurred during the progression of LNCaP tumors from androgen dependence to androgen independence. Our results indicate that oral administration of caffeine in combination with voluntary exercise may be an effective strategy for the prevention of prostate cancer progression from androgen dependence to androgen independence.

 

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[425]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - A comprehensive immunohistochemical and molecular approach to the PI3K/AKT/mTOR (phosphoinositide 3-kinase/v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene/mammalian target of rapamycin) pathway in bladder urothelial carcinoma.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - BJU Int. 2012 Dec;110(11 Pt C):E1237-48. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11569.x. Epub 2012 Oct 29.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11569.x

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Korkolopoulou P; Levidou G; Trigka EA; Prekete N; Karlou M; Thymara I; Sakellariou S; Fragkou P; Isaiadis D; Pavlopoulos P; Patsouris E; Saetta AA

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - First Department of Pathology, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, University School  of Medicine, Athens, Greece.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - What’s known on the subject? and What does the study add? A few published studies investigating single or various PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling components have produced inconsistent results. Moreover, PI3K regulatory subunit p85a and activated p70S6K expression levels have not been previously examined in urothelial carcinoma (UC). The present study addresses simultaneously all key members of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling cascade supporting a differential implication of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway components in urothelial tumorigenesis. Furthermore, we propose p-4E-BP1 as a potential prognostic marker in UC, which might assist the selection of patients more likely to benefit from chemotherapy regimens based on PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway  inhibition. Finally, the present study indicates PIK3CA/AKT1 mutational status as a potential predictive marker for time-to-recurrence. OBJECTIVE: * To perform a comprehensive simultaneous assessment of all key members of phosphoinositide 3-kinase/v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/AKT/mTOR) pathway along with AKT homolog 1 (AKT1) and PIK3 catalytic alpha  polypeptide (PIK3CA) mutations in bladder urothelial carcinoma (UC). * Published  information is limited to a few studies looking into single or various combinations of members of this pathway with inconsistent results. In particular  the expression status of phosphorylated (p-)p70S6 kinase (p70S6K) and p85a subunit of PI3K has not been tested in UC. PATIENTS AND METHODS: * Paraffin-embedded transurethral resection tissue from 113 patients with UC was investigated for the association of p85aPI3K, p-AKT, p-mTOR, p-p70S6K and p-4E-BP1 (eukaryotic initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1) expression status, as well as PIK3CA and AKT1 mutations with p-extracellular signal-regulated kinase ½ (ERK1/2), fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3), pathological features, recurrence and cancer-specific survival. RESULTS: * With the exception of p-p70S6K, all others components of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway were upregulated in  UCs as compared with normal urothelium. * p-mTOR expression strongly correlated with its upstream p-AKT and marginally with its downstream p-p70S6K. p85aPI3K and p-ERK1/2 levels were also marginally correlated. * PIK3CA and AKT1 mutations were distinctly uncommon and mutually exclusive, without any association with pathological features. However, the presence of AKT1 mutations was associated with increased FGFR3 levels and was restricted to p85aPI3K immunonegative cases,  whereas PIK3CA mutant cases had marginally lower p85aPI3K levels. * The presence  of PIK3CA single or combined with AKT1 mutations was associated with shorter recurrence-free survival in univariate survival analysis. An inverse relationship was established between p-4E-BP1 immunopositivity and histological grade or T category, as well as between p-p70S6K levels and T category, the latter relationship being of marginal significance. * p-4E-BP1 nuclear expression was marginally associated with the presence of lymphovascular invasion and adversely  affected survival in multivariate, but not in univariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: * PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling components appear to be differentially implicated in urothelial tumorigenesis and, with the exception of p85aPI3K, are unrelated to the PIK3CA or AKT1 mutational status. * Our findings propose p-4E-BP1 as a potential prognostic marker in UC independent of its association with pathological features, which might assist the selection of patients more likely to benefit from PI3K/AKT/mTOR axis inhibition. * PIK3CA/AKT1 mutational status may have a place in the prediction of time-to-recurrence.

 

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[426]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Re: Urethroplasty after radiation therapy for prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Urol. 2012 Dec;188(6):2267-8. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.08.106. Epub 2012 Oct 22.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.juro.2012.08.106

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Morey AF

 

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[427]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - LINE-1 ORF-1p functions as a novel androgen receptor co-activator and promotes the growth of human prostatic carcinoma cells.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Cell Signal. 2013 Feb;25(2):479-89. doi: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2012.11.004. Epub 2012 Nov 12.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.cellsig.2012.11.004

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Lu Y; Feng F; Yang Y; Gao X; Cui J; Zhang C; Zhang F; Xu Z; Qv J; Wang C; Zeng Z; Zhu Y; Yang Y

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Center of Therapeutic Research for Hepatocellular Carcinoma, 302 Military Hospital Beijing 100039, PR China.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Widespread interest in the mechanism of transcriptional regulation by the androgen receptor (AR) has been stimulated by the finding that AR signaling is critically important in the progression of human prostate cancers. Co-factors, the co-repressors, or the co-activators are responsible for the regulation of AR  activation. The pro-oncogene human Long Interspersed Nucleotide acid Element-1 (LINE-1) encodes LINE-1 ORF-1p and plays important roles in the development and progression of several human carcinomas. In this study, the results showed that LINE-1 ORF-1p increased the AR transcriptional activity and in turn enhanced the  expression of prostate specific antigen (PSA) in the presence of R1881. A physical protein-protein interaction between the AR signaling and the LINE-1 ORF-1p was identified by the immunoprecipitation assays and GST pull-down assays. Furthermore, LINE-1 ORF-1p would function as a novel AR positive co-regulator through modulating its cytoplasm/nucleus translocation and the recruitment to the androgen response element in the PSA gene promoter. Our date also showed that the LINE-1 ORF-1p promoted the proliferation and anchor-independent growth of LNCaP (ligand dependent) and PC-3 (ligand independent) human prostatic carcinoma cells. By investigating a novel role of the LINE-1 ORF-1p in the androgen/androgen receptor signaling pathway regulation, our study identifies that LINE-1 ORF-1p may be a novel AR co-regulator and molecular target for human prostate carcinoma  therapy.

 

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[428]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Clinical-Pathologic Correlation Between Transperineal Mapping Biopsies of the Prostate and Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Prostatectomy Specimens.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Prostate. 2012 Nov 20. doi: 10.1002/pros.22622.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1002/pros.22622

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Crawford ED; Rove KO; Barqawi AB; Maroni PD; Werahera PN; Baer CA; Koul HK; Rove CA; Lucia MS; La Rosa FG

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Division of Urology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Extended transrectal ultrasound guided biopsies (TRUSB) of the prostate may not accurately convey true morphometric information and Gleason score (GS) of prostate cancer (PCa) and the clinical use of template-guided (5-mm grid) transperineal mapping biopsies (TPMBs) remains controversial. METHODS: We correlated the clinical-pathologic results of 1,403 TPMB cores obtained from 25 men diagnosed with PCa with 64 cancer lesions found in their corresponding radical prostatectomy (RP) specimens. Special computer models of three-dimensional, whole-mounted radical prostatectomy (3D-WMRP) specimens were generated and used as gold standard to determine tumor morphometric data. Between-sample rates of upgrade and downgrade (highest GS and a novel cumulative  GS) and upstage and downstage (laterality) were determined. Lesions >/= 0.5 cm(3) or GS >/= 7 were considered clinically significant. RESULTS: From 64 separate 3D-WMRP lesions, 25 had significant volume (mean 1.13 cm(3) ) and 39 were insignificant (mean 0.09 cm(3) ) (P < 0.0001); 18/64 lesions were missed by TPMB, but only one was clinically significant with GS-8 (0.02 cm(3) ). When comparing the cumulative GS of TPMB versus RP, 72% (n = 18) had identical scores, 12% (n =  3) were upgraded, and only 16% (n = 4) were downgraded. Laterality of TPMB and RP was strongly correlated, 80% same laterality, 4% were up-staged, and 16% down-staged. CONCLUSIONS: Our clinical-pathology correlation showed very high accuracy of TPMB with a 5-mm grid template to detect clinically significant PCa lesions as compared with 3D-WMRP, providing physicians and patients with a reliable assessment of grade and stage of disease and the opportunity to choose the most appropriate therapeutic options. Prostate © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

 

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[429]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Re: Understanding variation in primary prostate cancer treatment within the Veterans Health Administration.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Urol. 2012 Dec;188(6):2230. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.08.074. Epub 2012 Oct 22.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.juro.2012.08.074

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Penson DF

 

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[430]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Re: Focal therapy for localised unifocal and multifocal prostate cancer: a prospective development study.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Urol. 2012 Nov;188(5):1768-9. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.07.089. Epub 2012 Sep 19.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.juro.2012.07.089

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Walsh PC

 

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[431]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Differential expression of VEGF ligands and receptors in prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Prostate. 2013 May;73(6):563-72. doi: 10.1002/pros.22596. Epub 2012 Oct 4.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1002/pros.22596

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Woollard DJ; Opeskin K; Coso S; Wu D; Baldwin ME; Williams ED

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Centre for Cancer Research, Monash Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Prostate cancer disseminates to regional lymph nodes, however the molecular mechanisms responsible for lymph node metastasis are poorly understood. The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) ligand and receptor family have been implicated in the growth and spread of prostate cancer via activation of the blood vasculature and lymphatic systems. The purpose of this study was to comprehensively examine the expression pattern of VEGF ligands and receptors in the glandular epithelium, stroma, lymphatic vasculature and blood vessels in prostate cancer. METHODS: The localization of VEGF-A, VEGF-C, VEGF-D, VEGF receptor (VEGFR)-1, VEGFR-2, and VEGFR-3 was examined in cancerous and adjacent benign prostate tissue from 52 subjects representing various grades of prostate cancer. RESULTS: Except for VEGFR-2, extensive staining was observed for all ligands and receptors in the prostate specimens. In epithelial cells, VEGF-A and  VEGFR-1 expression was higher in tumor tissue compared to benign tissue. VEGF-D and VEGFR-3 expression was significantly higher in benign tissue compared to tumor in the stroma and the endothelium of lymphatic and blood vessels. In addition, the frequency of lymphatic vessels, but not blood vessels, was lower in tumor tissue compared with benign tissue. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that activation of VEGFR-1 by VEGF-A within the carcinoma, and activation of lymphatic endothelial cell VEGFR-3 by VEGF-D within the adjacent benign stroma may be important signaling mechanisms involved in the progression and subsequent metastatic spread of prostate cancer. Thus inhibition of these pathways may contribute to therapeutic strategies for the management of prostate cancer. Prostate 73: 563-572, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

 

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[432]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - IGF-I receptor phosphorylation is impaired in cathepsin X-deficient prostate cancer cells.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Biol Chem. 2012 Dec;393(12):1457-62. doi: 10.1515/hsz-2012-0209.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1515/hsz-2012-0209

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Kraus S; Fruth M; Bunsen T; Nagler DK

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Division of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Surgery,  Ludwig-Maximilians-University, D-80336 Munich, Germany

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - The cysteine-type peptidase cathepsin X is highly upregulated in several cancers  and presumably promotes tumor invasion through bypassing cellular senescence. Here, we present first evidence that the underlying mechanism may involve the regulation of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system, a well-known activator of proliferating tumor cells. Cathepsin X deficiency leads to a reduced phosphorylation of the IGF-I receptor in response to IGF-I stimulation. In addition, downstream signaling through focal adhesion kinase was also affected. Taken together, our results indicate that cathepsin X is able to assist in IGF signaling, which may be an important progress toward understanding cathepsin X-dependent tumorigenesis.

 

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[433]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Potentially clinically relevant prostate cancer is found more frequently after complete than after partial histopathological processing of radical cystoprostatectomy specimens.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Virchows Arch. 2012 Dec;461(6):655-61. doi: 10.1007/s00428-012-1328-6. Epub 2012  Oct 9.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s00428-012-1328-6

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Fritsche HM; Aziz A; Eder F; Otto W; Denzinger S; Wieland WF; May M; Hofstadter F; Hartmann A; Burger M

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Caritas St. Josef Medical Centre, University of Regensburg, Landshuter Str. 65, 93053, Regensburg, Germany. hans-martin.fritsche@ukr.de

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Incidental prostate cancer is often found in cystoprostatectomy specimens. The presence of a clinically significant tumour has an impact on follow-up strategies. In prostatectomy specimen for prostate cancer, whole-mount sections improve diagnostic accuracy. The present study compares detection of incidental prostate cancer in complete to routine processing. We included 295 consecutive patients who underwent radical cystoprostatectomy. Between 01/1995 and 12/2003 (period I), specimens of 129 patients were partially processed, whereas between 01/2004 and 03/2009 (period II), specimens of 166 patients were completely processed. Incidental prostate cancer was detected overall in 91 (30.8 %) patients. Prostate cancer was detected in 24 (18.6 %) patients in period 1 and in 67 (40.4 %) patients in period 2 (p < 0.001). Potentially clinically significant  prostate cancer was detected in 12 (9.2 %) and 29 (17.5 %) patients, respectively (p = 0.044). Complete embedding and processing of cystoprostatectomy specimen yield significantly more potentially clinically relevant prostate cancers. The present data suggest that notably in younger men the specimens should be completely processed.

 

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[434]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Histogram analysis of whole-lesion enhancement in differentiating clear cell from papillary subtype of renal cell cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Radiology. 2012 Dec;265(3):790-8. doi: 10.1148/radiol.12111281.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1148/radiol.12111281

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Chandarana H; Rosenkrantz AB; Mussi TC; Kim S; Ahmad AA; Raj SD; McMenamy J; Melamed J; Babb JS; Kiefer B; Kiraly AP

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Departments of Radiology and Pathology, New York University Langone Medical Center, 550 First Ave, HW201, New York, NY 10016, USA. hersh.chandarana@nyumc.org

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: To compare histogram analysis of voxel-based whole-lesion (WL) enhancement to qualitative assessment and region-of-interest (ROI)-based enhancement analysis in discriminating the renal cell cancer (RCC) subtype clear  cell RCC (ccRCC) from papillary RCC (pRCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this institutional review board-approved, HIPAA-compliant retrospective study, 73 patients underwent magnetic resonance (MR) imaging prior to surgery for RCC between January 2007 and January 2010. Three-dimensional fat-suppressed T1-weighted gradient-echo corticomedullary phase acquisitions, obtained before and after contrast agent administration, were transferred to a workstation at which automated registration followed by semiautomated segmentation of the RCC was performed. Percent enhancement was computed on a per-voxel basis: (SI(post) - SI(pre))/SI(pre) .100, where SI(pre) and SI(post) indicate signal intensity before and after contrast enhancement, respectively. The WL quantitative parameters of mean, median, and third quartile enhancement and histogram distribution parameters kurtosis and skewness were computed for each lesion. WL enhancement parameters were compared with ROI-based analysis and qualitative assessment with regards to diagnostic accuracy and interreader agreement in differentiating ccRCC from pRCC. RESULTS: There were 19 pRCCs and 55 ccRCCs at pathologic examination. ccRCC had significantly higher WL mean, median, and third quartile enhancement compared with pRCC and hade significantly lower kurtosis and skewness (all P < .001). Third quartile enhancement had the highest accuracy (94.6%; area under the curve, 0.980) in discriminating ccRCC from pRCC, which was significantly higher than the accuracy of qualitative assessment (86.0%; P = .04) but not significantly higher than that of ROI enhancement (89.2%; P = .52). WL enhancement parameters had higher interreader agreement (kappa = 0.91-1.0) compared with ROI enhancement or qualitative assessment (kappa = 0.83 and 0.7, respectively) in discriminating ccRCC from pRCC. CONCLUSION: WL enhancement histogram analysis is feasible and can potentially be used to differentiate ccRCC from pRCC with high accuracy. Supplemental material: radiology.rsna.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1148/radiol.12111281/-/DC1.

 

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[435]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - The experience with cytotoxic chemotherapy in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Urol Clin North Am. 2012 Nov;39(4):573-81. doi: 10.1016/j.ucl.2012.07.012.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.ucl.2012.07.012

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Eisenberger MA; Antonarakis ES

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns  Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. eisenma@jhmi.edu

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - This article reviews the initial experience with chemotherapy in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) and outlines some of the ongoing clinical trials in this area. In addition, the authors outline current knowledge  on outcomes of patients treated with taxane-based chemotherapy on retrospective analysis of randomized trials. These data are intended to provide physicians and  patients with a general idea on the outcomes of men with mCRPC that may facilitate clinical decisions as well as the design and evaluation of clinical trials.

 

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[436]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Irbesartan promotes erection recovery after nerve-sparing radical retropubic prostatectomy: a retrospective long-term analysis.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - BJU Int. 2012 Dec;110(11):1782-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11098.x. Epub 2012 Mar 30.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11098.x

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Segal RL; Bivalacqua TJ; Burnett AL

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Study Type—Therapy (retrospective cohort) Level of Evidence 2b. What’s known on  the subject? and What does the study add? Erectile dysfunction following radical  prostatectomy (RP) is among the most common and dreaded adverse effects of the surgery. Multiple studies confirm the potential benefit of various drug classes to accelerate the return of erectile function (EF) after RP. There is pre-clinical evidence supporting the use of angiotensin-receptor blockers (ARBs)  for this purpose, although this has not been studied in humans. The present study shows that there may be a benefit in the recovery of EF post-RRP in patients taking a daily dose of irbesartan, an ARB, following RRP. In addition, the use of irbesartan may curb the loss of stretched penile length which occurs postoperatively. Further study in the form of prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials are necessary to confirm these findings. OBJECTIVE: * To evaluate retrospectively the potential benefit of administering irbesartan, an angiotensin-receptor blocker, to improve erectile function (EF) recovery after nerve-sparing radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP). PATIENTS AND METHODS: * Before surgery potent patients who underwent nerve-sparing RRP between April and December 2009 elected to start daily oral irbesartan 300 mg on postoperative day 1 (n= 17). A contemporaneously clinically matched cohort consisting of patients who declined irbesartan use served as the control group (n= 12). * Postoperative ‘on demand’ use of erectile aids (phosphodiesterase type 5 [PDE5] inhibitors and intracavernous injections) was adopted. * Potency was monitored by the administration of International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5) questionnaires before surgery and at early (3 months) and long-term (12  and 24 months) postoperative intervals. * Stretched penile length (SPL) was measured both immediately and 3 months after surgery. RESULTS: * EF status was no different between groups at baseline (P > 0.05). * While the IIEF-5 scores at 24  months after surgery were statistically similar between the two groups (control = 15.2 +/- 2.0, irbesartan = 14.1 +/- 3.1, P = 0.77), at 12 months the IIEF-5 scores of the irbesartan group were significantly higher than those of the control group (14 +/- 2.6 vs. 7.2 +/- 1.6, P < 0.05). * The proportional loss of  SPL after RRP was less in the irbesartan than in the control group at 3 months (-0.9 +/- 1.5% vs -5.6 +/- 1.5, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: * Regular irbesartan use after nerve-sparing RRP in patients with normal preoperative erectile function could improve EF recovery after surgery and mitigate early loss of SPL.

 

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[437]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - HOXB13 mutations in a population-based, case-control study of prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Prostate. 2013 May;73(6):634-41. doi: 10.1002/pros.22604. Epub 2012 Nov 5.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1002/pros.22604

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Stott-Miller M; Karyadi DM; Smith T; Kwon EM; Kolb S; Stanford JL; Ostrander EA

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Prostate cancer (PC) is the most frequently diagnosed non-skin malignancy in men in the Western world, yet few disease-associated mutations have been found. Recently, a low frequency recurring mutation in the HOXB13 gene was reported among both hereditary PC families and men from the general population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We determined the distribution and frequency of the G84E HOXB13 variant in 1,310 incipient PC cases and 1,259 age-mated controls from a population-based, case-control study of PC. RESULTS: The G84E mutation was more frequent in cases than controls (1.3% vs. 0.4%, respectively), and men with the HOXB13 G84E variant had a 3.3-fold higher relative risk of PC compared with noncarriers (95% CI, 1.21-8.96). There was a stronger association between the G84E variant and PC among men with no first-degree relative with PC (OR, 4.04; 95% CI, 1.12-14.51) compared to men with a family history of PC (OR, 1.49; 95% CI, 0.30-7.50; P = 0.36 for interaction). We observed some evidence of higher risk estimates associated with the variant for men with higher versus lower Gleason score (OR, 4.13; 95% CI, 1.38-12.38 vs. OR, 2.71; 95% CI, 0.88-8.30), and advanced versus local stage (OR, 4.47; 95% CI, 1.28-15.57 vs. OR, 2.98; 95% CI, 1.04-8.49), however these differences were not statistically different. CONCLUSIONS: These results confirm the association of a rare HOXB13 mutation with PC in the general population and suggest that this variant may be associated with features of more aggressive disease. Prostate 73: 634-641, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

 

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[438]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Interplay of reactive oxygen species, intracellular Ca(2+) and mitochondrial homeostasis in the apoptosis of prostate cancer cells by deoxypodophyllotoxin.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Cell Biochem. 2013 May;114(5):1124-34. doi: 10.1002/jcb.24455.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1002/jcb.24455

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Kim KY; Cho HJ; Yu SN; Kim SH; Yu HS; Park YM; Mirkheshti N; Kim SY; Song CS; Chatterjee B; Ahn SC

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 626-870, Republic of Korea.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - The limited treatment option for recurrent prostate cancer and the eventual resistance to conventional chemotherapy drugs has fueled continued interest in finding new anti-neoplastic agents of natural product origin. We previously reported anti-proliferative activity of deoxypodophyllotoxin (DPT) on human prostate cancer cells. Using the PC-3 cell model of human prostate cancer, the present study reveals that DPT induced apoptosis via a caspase-3-dependent pathway that is activated due to dysregulated mitochondrial function. DPT-treated cells showed accumulation of the reactive oxygen species (ROS), intracellular Ca  i2+ surge, increased mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP, DeltaPsim ), Bax protein translocation to mitochondria and cytochrome c release to the cytoplasm.  This resulted in caspase-3 activation, which in turn induced apoptosis. The antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) reduced ROS accumulation, MMP and Ca i2+ surge, on the other hand the Ca(2+) chelator BAPTA inhibited the Ca i2+ overload  and MMP without affecting the increase of ROS, indicating that the generation of  ROS occurred prior to Ca(2+) flux. This suggested that both ROS and Ca i2+ signaling play roles in the increased MMP via Ca i2+-dependent and/or -independent mechanisms, since DeltaPsim elevation was reversed by NAC and BAPTA. This study provides the first evidence for the involvement of both ROS- and Ca i2+-activated signals in the disruption of mitochondrial homeostasis and the precedence of ROS production over the failure of Ca(2+) flux homeostasis. J. Cell. Biochem. 114: 1124-1134, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

 

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[439]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Can pre-liver transplantation renal insufficiency using a creatinine clearance calculator predict long-term survival?

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Transplant Proc. 2012 Oct;44(8):2452-4. doi: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2012.07.028.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.transproceed.2012.07.028

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Boin IF; de Ataide EC; Dias EP; Stucchi RS; Seva-Pereira T; Calomeni G; Capel Junior CC; Mazzali M

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Unit of Liver Transplantation, State University of Campinas, SP, Brazil. ilkaboin@yahoo.com

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - INTRODUCTION: Renal insufficiency can be associated with poor long-term survival  of liver transplant recipients. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to study renal insufficiency observed pretransplantation and its long-term impact after liver transplantation. METHODS: We analyzed retrospectively an electronic database collected prospectively including transplant records from June 1994 to October 2010 using piggyback venous reconstruction. The exclusion criteria were chronic kidney disease, acute hepatic failure, children up to 12 years of age, and retransplantations. Renal insufficiency was defined by the creatinine clearance (CCr) calculated using the Cockcroft-Gault method. Patients were distributed into 3 groups: CCr >90, between 90 and 60, and >60 mL/min/1.73 m(2).  The survival rate was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method and proportional hazards Cox regression analysis using death and CCr as stratifying variables evaluated predictive factors for survival. The groups were compared using the Kruskal-Wallis test with significant differences at P < .05. RESULTS: Among the 305 patients those who showed preoperative and postoperative CCR of >90 were 187/59.9% and 82/26.3%, 60 to 90 were 77/24.7% and 74/23.7%, or <60 mL/min/1.73 m(2) were (41/13.1% and 149 (47.7%). Patients with preoperative CCr <60 mL/min/1.73 m(2) showed worse short- and long-term survivals as well as the longest intensive care unit and hospital stays (P = .034). The only predictive donor factor was age older than 40 years namely, the greatest hemotransfusion needs and postoperative liver and renal dysfunction (Chi square = 100.6064; P = .00001). The area under the curve (AUC) obtained using an receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was 0.563 (95% CI 0.498-0.627) with a cut off of 30.25. CONCLUSION: Pre-liver transplantation renal insufficiency seemed to be a predictive factor for long-term survival.

 

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[440]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Resveratrol worsens survival in SCID mice with prostate cancer xenografts in a cell-line specific manner, through paradoxical effects on oncogenic pathways.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Prostate. 2012 Nov 28. doi: 10.1002/pros.22619.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1002/pros.22619

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Klink JC; Tewari AK; Masko EM; Antonelli J; Febbo PG; Cohen P; Dewhirst MW; Pizzo SV; Freedland SJ

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Resveratrol increases lifespan and decreases the risk of many cancers. We hypothesized resveratrol will slow the growth of human prostate cancer xenografts. METHODS: SCID mice were fed Western diet (40% fat, 44% carbohydrate, 16% protein by kcal). One week later, human prostate cancer cells,  either LAPC-4 (151 mice) or LNCaP (94 mice) were injected subcutaneously. Three weeks after injection, LAPC-4 mice were randomized to Western diet (control group), Western diet plus resveratrol 50 mg/kg/day, or Western diet plus resveratrol 100 mg/kg/day. The LNCaP mice were randomized to Western diet or Western diet plus resveratrol 50 mg/kg/day. Mice were sacrificed when tumors reached 1,000 mm(3) . Survival differences among groups were assessed using Cox proportional hazards. Serum insulin and IGF axis were assessed using ELISAs. Gene expression was analyzed using Affymetrix gene arrays. RESULTS: Compared to control in the LAPC-4 study, resveratrol was associated with decreased survival (50 mg/kg/day-HR 1.53, P = 0.04; 100 mg/kg/day-HR 1.22, P = 0.32). In the LNCaP study, resveratrol did not change survival (HR 0.77, P = 0.22). In combined analysis of both resveratrol 50 mg/kg/day groups, IGF-1 was decreased (P = 0.05)  and IGFBP-2 was increased (P = 0.01). Resveratrol induced different patterns of gene expression changes in each xenograft model, with upregulation of oncogenic pathways E2F3 and beta-catenin in LAPC-4 tumors. CONCLUSION: Resveratrol was associated with significantly worse survival with LAPC-4 tumors, but unchanged survival with LNCaP. Based on these preliminary data that resveratrol may be harmful, caution should be advised in using resveratrol for patients until further studies can be conducted. Prostate © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

 

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[441]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Cyclin D1 (CCND1) expression is involved in estrogen receptor beta (ERbeta) in human prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Prostate. 2013 May;73(6):590-5. doi: 10.1002/pros.22599. Epub 2012 Oct 11.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1002/pros.22599

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Nakamura Y; Felizola SJ; Kurotaki Y; Fujishima F; McNamara KM; Suzuki T; Arai Y; Sasano H

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan. yasu-naka@patholo2.med.tohoku.ac.jp.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Estrogen receptor beta (ERbeta) has been demonstrated to be expressed in prostate carcinoma cells and estrogen signals through ERbeta to act as a tumor suppressor in prostate cancer patients. ERbeta is thought to regulate the cell cycle of prostate carcinoma cells by controlling the expression of cell cycle regulators including cyclin D1 (CCND1). This interaction is of particular interest as CCND1 has been implicated in the development of prostate cancer. METHODS: We evaluated ERbeta and CCND1 immunoreactivity in human prostate cancer  (n = 112, surgical specimens), and correlated the findings with clinicopathological features of the patients. Subsequent in vitro experiments using PC-3 prostate carcinoma cells were also performed to examine whether estradiol (E2 ) could change the expression level of CCND1 mRNA. RESULTS: CCND1 immunoreactivity was detected in 78/112 cases (70%), and was significantly correlated with incidence of perineural invasion and ERbeta immunoreactivity (P < 0.05). Forty-eight hours incubation with E2 (10 nM) increased the expression level of CCND1 mRNA as well as c-jun (JUN) and c-fos (FOS) in PC-3 cells, and PHTPP (ERbeta antagonist) suppressed E2 -induced expression of those mRNAs. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that CCND1 expression is possibly regulated by estrogens via ERbeta and that this signaling pathway may influence prostate cancer development. Prostate 73: 590-595, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

 

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[442]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Use of aspirin, but not other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is associated with decreased prostate cancer risk at the population level.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Eur J Cancer. 2013 Mar;49(4):938-45. doi: 10.1016/j.ejca.2012.09.030. Epub 2012 Oct 15.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.ejca.2012.09.030

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Veitonmaki T; Tammela TL; Auvinen A; Murtola TJ

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - School of Health Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - The cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) enzyme overexpression in prostate cancer has led to  the hypothesis that COX-2 inhibition may reduce prostate cancer growth. Some previous studies have linked the usage of COX-2 inhibiting non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) with a decreased prostate cancer risk. We estimated the association between cumulative COX-2 inhibition by NSAID usage and  prostate cancer risk at population level. All new prostate cancer cases in Finland during 1995-2002 and matched controls (24,657 case-control pairs) were identified from national registries. Detailed information on medication purchases was obtained from a national prescription database. A total cumulative COX-2 inhibition value was calculated based on total cumulative mg amount of each NSAID drug and the drug-specific COX-1/COX-2 inhibition ratio. Prostate cancer risk was analysed with propensity score-matched conditional logistic regression model. In  total, 53.8% of the cases and 46.5% of the controls had any prescription-use of NSAIDs, while 8.1% and 7.9%, respectively, had used aspirin. Compared to the non-users, any NSAID use was associated with an elevated overall prostate cancer  risk (46.4% versus 53.6%, respectively; odds ratio [OR] 1.3, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.3, 1.4) and risk of advanced cancer (11.8% versus 14.1%; OR 1.6,  95% CI 1.5, 1.8). The risk remained elevated despite the amount of cumulative COX-2 inhibition. In a separate analysis, the risk increase was similar for each  NSAID with the exception of aspirin, which was associated with a decreased overall prostate cancer risk (OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.84, 0.96) in a dose-dependent fashion. NSAID use is associated with an increased prostate cancer risk at the population level regardless of the COX-2 inhibition. This may be explained by systematic differences between prescription NSAID users and non-users. In contrast, aspirin use is associated with a decreased overall prostate cancer risk. Further studies on aspirin and prostate cancer will be needed.

 

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[443]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Abiraterone acetate: a hat trick of clinical benefits.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Lancet Oncol. 2012 Dec;13(12):1173-4. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(12)70460-6. Epub 2012 Nov 9.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/S1470-2045(12)70460-6

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Schweizer MT; Antonarakis ES

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Prostate Cancer Research Program, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.

 

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[444]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - In-vivo metabolic characterization of healthy prostate and orthotopic prostate cancer in rats using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 4.7 T.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Acta Radiol. 2013 Feb 1;54(1):121-6. doi: 10.1258/ar.2012.120232. Epub 2012 Oct 18.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1258/ar.2012.120232

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Walker P; Provent P; Tizon X; Crehange G; Duchamp O; Brunotte F; Genne P

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - LE2I, UMR 5158 CNRS, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France. pwalker@u-bourgogne.fr

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: To assist the development of new anti-cancer drugs, it is important to identify biomarkers of treatment efficacy in the preclinical phases of drug development. In order to improve the predictivity of preclinical experiments, more realistic animal models are needed, for example, tumors xenografted directly on the prostate gland of rodents. PURPOSE: To characterize the in-vivo metabolism of healthy rat prostate and of an orthotopic human prostate cancer model using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The highly metastatic and hormone-independent PC3-MM2 human prostate cancer model was implanted into the ventral prostate lobe of three Nude rats. Healthy Nude (n = 6) and Sprague-Dawley (n = 6) rats were also studied for interspecies comparison of  normal prostate metabolism. Magnetic resonance imaging and short echo-time (TE 11.2 ms) single voxel PRESS spectroscopy were performed on dorsal (DP) and ventral (VP) prostate as well as tumor at 4.7 T. The metabolic content and volume of dorsal and ventral lobes were characterized as a function of species and age.  RESULTS: Slightly lower total creatine (tCr)/water (11.3 +/- 2.6 vs. 15.3 +/- 3.0, NS), but significantly higher Inositol (Ins)/water (18.9 +/- 1.9 vs. 6.6 +/- 3.3, P < 0.003) and total choline (tCho)/water (15.0 +/- 2.1 vs. 5.6 +/- 1.1, P < 0.00007) were observed within healthy DP lobes with respect to VP lobes. No significant variation in metabolic content was seen in healthy DP and VP lobes of Nude rats as a function of age, and no species dependence was observed in their metabolic content. For the orthotopic PC3-MM2 tumor, implanted in VP, the tCr/water ratio was significantly lower (3.1 +/- 0.9) than neighboring DP (12.8 +/- 1.8, P < 0.00003) and healthy VP (15.3 +/- 3.0, P < 0.00006). For Ins, the metabolite ratio in PC3-MM2 was close to that of healthy VP (4.3 +/- 2.8 vs. 6.6  +/- 3.3, p = NS), but much lower than in neighboring DP (19.1 +/- 1.3, P < 0.00005). A similar trend was also observed for tCho, where metabolite ratios in  PC3-MM2, healthy VP and neighboring DP were 3.5 +/- 0.9, 5.6 +/- 1.1, and 15.9 +/- 0.8, respectively. CONCLUSION: The in-vivo MRS study of healthy prostate and  orthotopic prostate cancer is feasible in rats. Such baseline data could be important when following the modifications in metabolism, including during anti-cancer drug development protocols or following radiotherapy.

 

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[445]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - VEGF polymorphisms are not associated with an increased risk of developing renal  cell carcinoma in Spanish population.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Hum Immunol. 2013 Jan;74(1):98-103. doi: 10.1016/j.humimm.2012.10.014. Epub 2012  Oct 13.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.humimm.2012.10.014

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Saenz-Lopez P; Vazquez F; Cozar JM; Carretero R; Garrido F; Ruiz-Cabello F

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Departamento de Bioquimica III e Inmunologia, Universidad de Granada, España.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a central role in promoting angiogenesis and is over-expressed in renal cell cancer (RCC). Published data on the association between polymorphisms of vascular endothelial growth factor (e.g., -2578C/A [rs699947], -460T/C [rs833061], +405C/G [rs2010963], and +936C/T [rs3025039]) and the risk of renal cell carcinoma are ambiguous and controversial. The aim of this investigation was to investigate this relationship in a series of Caucasian Spanish patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A case-control study was performed with 216 cases and 280 controls, genotyping subjects for VEGF polymorphisms using the predesigned TaqMan single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping assay (Applied Biosystems, Foster City,  CA, USA). The combined effect of the four gene polymorphisms on overall survival  was studied by haplotype analysis. RESULTS: The overall results suggest that polymorphisms or haplotypes in the VEGF gene do not modify the risk of RCC. We were unable to replicate the association of the -460T/C (rs833061) polymorphism with renal cancer risk. Data were also gathered on clinical-pathological results, tumor size, clinical stage, histological grade, and survival. CONCLUSIONS: According to our analysis of their contribution to prognostic factors, VEGF polymorphisms do not appear to exert a significant influence on RCC progression or prognosis. This finding might be explained by the tumor biology and pathogenesis of clear cell RCC. Additional studies with larger sample sizes are needed in different ethnic groups to further assess this association.

 

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[446]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Distribution of Zonula Occludens-1 and Occludin and alterations of testicular morphology after in utero radiation and postnatal hyperthermia in rats.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Int J Exp Pathol. 2012 Dec;93(6):438-49. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2613.2012.00844.x.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1111/j.1365-2613.2012.00844.x

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Erkanli Senturk G; Ersoy Canillioglu Y; Umay C; Demiralp-Eksioglu E; Ercan F

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey. gozdeerkanli@yahoo.com

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - In utero irradiation (IR) and postnatal hyperthermia (HT) exposure cause infertility by decreasing spermatogenic colony growth and the number of sperm in  rats. Four groups were used: (i) Control group, (ii) HT group (rats exposed to hyperthermia on the 10th postnatal day), (iii) IR group (rats exposed to IR on the 17th gestational day) and (iv) IR + HT group. Three and six months after the  procedures testes were examined by light and electron microscopy. Some degenerated tubules in the HT group, many vacuoles in spermatogenic cells and degenerated tight junctions in the IR group, atrophic tubules and severe degeneration of tight junctions in the IR + HT group were observed. ZO-1 and occludin immunoreactivity were decreased and disorganized in the HT and IR groups and absent in the IR + HT group. The increase in the number of apoptotic cells was accompanied by a time-dependent decrease in haploid, diploid and tetraploid cells in all groups. Degenerative findings were severe after 6 months in all groups. The double-hit model may represent a Sertoli cell only model of infertility due to a decrease in spermatogenic cell and alterated blood-testis barrier proteins in rat.

 

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[447]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Interleukin-6 gene -174G>C and -636G>C promoter polymorphisms and prostate cancer risk.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Mol Biol Rep. 2013 Jan;40(1):449-55. doi: 10.1007/s11033-012-2079-9. Epub 2012 Oct 17.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s11033-012-2079-9

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Magalhaes JF; Cortinhas AJ; Albuquerque CM; Baptista CS; Ribeiro R; Viegas C; Matos A; Machado J; Pires MA; Guedes-Pinto H; Martins-Bessa A; Leitao JC; Bastos E

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Centre of Genomics and Biotechnology, Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, University of Tras-os-Montes and Alto Douro (CGB-UTAD/IBB), Quinta dos Prados, P.O. Box 1013, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most commonly diagnosed internal malignancies affecting men. Due to the important roles of IL-6 in different physiological and  pathophysiological processes, IL-6 polymorphisms may modulate PCa risk. IL-6 -174 G>C (rs 1800795, also designated -236 G>C) and -636 G>C (rs 1800796, also designated -572 G>C) promoter polymorphisms have been implicated in PCa susceptibility, albeit still controversial. A literature search using PubMed and  Highwire databases was conducted, resulting in eight case-control studies concerning the IL-6 -174 G>C polymorphism (11,613 PCa cases and 13,992 controls)  and four case-control publications regarding the IL-6 -636 G>C polymorphism (1,941 PCa cases and 3,357 controls). In order to derive a more precise estimation, a meta-analysis based upon these selected case-control studies was performed. There was no significant association between IL-6 -174 G>C polymorphism and PCa increased risk. Nevertheless, the presence of allele C and the CC genotype were statistically significantly associated with decreased PCa risk in the overall analysis for IL-6 -636 G>C polymorphism. Additional studies in larger samples and analyses of functional repercussions of these SNPs in prostate tumor cells are necessary to validate these findings.

 

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[448]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Evaluation of the KIT/stem cell factor axis in renal tumours.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Anticancer Res. 2012 Oct;32(10):4339-45.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Horstmann M; Hennenlotter J; Geiger LM; Vogel U; Schmid H; Kuehs U; Stenzl A; Bedke J

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany. marcushorstmann@gmx.ch

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - AIM: To investigate the expression of the KIT/stem cell factor (SCF) axis in different renal cell carcinoma subtypes with regard to targeted therapies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The expression of KIT and SCF were immunhistochemically assessed in 40 clear cell (ccRCC), 25 papillary (pRCC) and 19 chromophobe carcinomas (chRCC); 27 oncocytomas and 32 benign kidney parenchyma specimens differentiated into distal tubules (DT) and proximal tubules (PT). RESULTS: The expression of KIT was significantly higher in chRCC and oncocytoma compared to ccRCC and pRCC. All tumours exhibited a significant increase of membranous to cytoplasmic KIT expression, with the highest in ccRCC and pRCCs. SCF was expressed in all tumour subgroups, with the highest in oncocytomas and pRCC. SCF  correlated positively with the cytoplasmic expression of KIT. A higher tumour stage correlated to lower KIT expression in ccRCC. CONCLUSION: Simultaneous expression of SCF and KIT in renal tumours, which seems to undergo a shift from the cytoplasm to the cell membrane, suggests paracrine and autocrine mechanisms in KIT activation, with different, as yet unknown, regulatory mechanisms in the different tumour entities.

 

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[449]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Transperineal magnetic resonance image targeted prostate biopsy versus transperineal template prostate biopsy in the detection of clinically significant prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Urol. 2013 Mar;189(3):860-6. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.10.009. Epub 2012 Oct 11.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.juro.2012.10.009

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Kasivisvanathan V; Dufour R; Moore CM; Ahmed HU; Abd-Alazeez M; Charman SC; Freeman A; Allen C; Kirkham A; van der Meulen J; Emberton M

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Division of Surgery and Interventional Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom. vk103@ic.ac.uk

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging can be used to guide prostate biopsy by targeting biopsies to areas in the prostate at high risk for cancer. We compared the detection of clinically significant and insignificant cancer by transperineal magnetic resonance imaging targeted biopsy and transperineal template guided prostate biopsy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 182 men with a lesion suspicious for cancer on multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging underwent transperineal magnetic resonance imaging targeted biopsy using a cognitive registration technique, followed by systematic transperineal template guided prostate biopsy. The primary outcome was the detection rate of clinically  significant prostate cancer. Clinical significance was defined using maximum cancer core length 4 mm or greater and/or Gleason grade 3 + 4 or greater (University College London definition 2). We secondarily evaluated other commonly used thresholds of clinically significant disease, including maximum cancer core  length 6 mm or greater and/or Gleason grade 4 + 3 or greater, maximum cancer core length 3 mm or greater and/or Gleason grade 3 + 4 or greater, and maximum cancer  core length 2 or greater mm and/or Gleason grade 3 + 4 or greater. Strategies were statistically compared with the McNemar test. RESULTS: Mean +/- SD patient age was 63.3 +/- 7.2 years. Median prostate specific antigen was 6.7 ng/ml (IQR 4.7-10.0). Clinically significant cancer was detected by magnetic resonance imaging targeted biopsy and template guided prostate biopsy in 103 (57%) and 113  of the 182 men (62%) (p = 0.174), and clinically insignificant cancer was detected in 17 (9.3%) and 31 (17.0%), respectively (p = 0.024). CONCLUSIONS: Prostate biopsy targeted to suspicious lesions on multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging has encouraging rates of detection of clinically significant cancer while also decreasing the detection rate of clinically insignificant cancer. This is achieved with fewer biopsy cores than for systematic template guided biopsy. Further prospective, multicenter, comparative trials of the performance of targeting strategies are needed to consider magnetic resonance imaging targeted biopsy an alternative to conventional systematic biopsy.

 

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[450]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled phase 2 dose-ranging study of onabotulinumtoxinA in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Eur Urol. 2013 Mar;63(3):496-503. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2012.10.005. Epub 2012 Oct 12.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.eururo.2012.10.005

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Marberger M; Chartier-Kastler E; Egerdie B; Lee KS; Grosse J; Bugarin D; Zhou J; Patel A; Haag-Molkenteller C

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. michael.marberger@A1.net

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Botulinum toxin treatment has been investigated as a minimally invasive alternative to oral medications in men with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia (LUTS/BPH). OBJECTIVE: To explore the efficacy of onabotulinumtoxinA 100 U, 200 U, and 300 U versus placebo in men with LUTS/BPH in a phase 2 dose-ranging study. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: A multicenter double-blind randomized, placebo-controlled 72-wk study enrolled men >/= 50 yr of age with LUTS/BPH, International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) >/= 12, total prostate volume (TPV) 30-100ml, and maximum flow rate  (Q(max)) 5-15 ml/s. INTERVENTION: Single transperineal (n=63) or transrectal (n=311) administration of placebo (n=94) or onabotulinumtoxinA 100 U (n=95), 200  U (n=94), or 300 U (n=97) into the prostate transition zone. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: The primary efficacy end point was a change from baseline in IPSS at week 12. Secondary end points were Q(max), TPV, and transition zone volume (TZV). Analysis of covariance and the Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel method assessed the efficacy and proportion of IPSS responders. Adverse events (AEs) were assessed. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: Significant improvements from baseline in IPSS, Q(max), TPV, and TZV were observed for all groups, including placebo, at week 12 (p<0.001), with no significant differences between onabotulinumtoxinA and placebo. However, in an exploratory post hoc analysis, a significant reduction in IPSS versus placebo was observed with onabotulinumtoxinA 200 U in prior alpha-blocker users (n=180) at week 12. AEs were comparable across all groups. CONCLUSIONS: Reductions in LUTS/BPH symptoms were seen in all groups, including placebo, with no significant between-group differences owing to a large placebo effect from the injectable therapy. The findings from the post hoc analysis in men previously treated with alpha-blockers will be further explored in an appropriately designed study. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinical Trials.gov; NCT00284518.

 

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[451]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Nuclear E-cadherin Expression is Associated with the Loss of Membranous E-cadherin, Plasmacytoid Differentiation and Reduced Overall Survival in Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Ann Surg Oncol. 2012 Oct 30.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1245/s10434-012-2709-4

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Keck B; Wach S; Kunath F; Bertz S; Taubert H; Lehmann J; Stockle M; Wullich B; Hartmann A

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany, bastian.keck@uk-erlangen.de.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Loss of E-cadherin represents a hallmark of plasmacytoid differentiation. We analyzed the effect of membranous E-cadherin loss and its nuclear accumulation in patients with locally advanced conventional urothelial carcinoma (UC) who were treated with radical cystectomy and adjuvant chemotherapy. METHODS: A total of 247 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor samples were reviewed to detect histological variants of UC. Immunohistochemical  staining of E-cadherin was performed and analyzed for membranous and nuclear expression. The correlation between E-cadherin expression and histology was assessed, and overall survival (OS) was analyzed with univariate and multivariate Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier analyses. Correlation of nuclear E-cadherin to tumor stage (pT), lymph node metastasis (pN), histologic subtype, and chemotherapy was performed by Fisher’s exact test. RESULTS: Membranous and nuclear E-cadherin expression was strongly correlated to plasmacytoid urothelial  carcinoma (PUC) (p < 0.001). Complete loss of membranous E-cadherin expression was observed in 76.2 % of PUCs, 11.1 % of conventional UCs, and 0 % of micropapillary urothelial carcinoma (MPCs). Nuclear accumulation was found in 47.6 % of PUCs, 10 % of MPCs, and 1.8 % of UCs. Sixty-two percent of all tumors with negative membranous E-cadherin expression and nuclear accumulation were PUCs (p = 0.035). In a Kaplan-Meier analysis, mean survival with nuclear E-cadherin expression was 31.9 months [95 % confidence interval (CI) 16.1-47.6] of patients  without nuclear staining 61 months (95 % CI 53.5-67.7; p = 0.045). A univariate Cox regression analysis showed that nuclear E-cadherin accumulation was associated with a 2-fold increase in risk of death (95 % CI 1.03-4.06; p = 0.04). In multivariate Cox regression analysis adjusted to type of chemotherapy, tumor stage, and tumor grade, the hazard ratio for patients with nuclear E-cadherin was 2.03 (95 % CI 1.00-4.121; p = 0.050). CONCLUSIONS: Nuclear E-cadherin is associated with PUCs and is suggested to be an independent prognostic factor in advanced UC.

 

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[452]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Targeted biopsy in the detection of prostate cancer using an office based magnetic resonance ultrasound fusion device.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Urol. 2013 Jan;189(1):86-91. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.08.095. Epub 2012 Nov 14.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.juro.2012.08.095

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Sonn GA; Natarajan S; Margolis DJ; MacAiran M; Lieu P; Huang J; Dorey FJ; Marks LS

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: Targeted biopsy of lesions identified on magnetic resonance imaging may  enhance the detection of clinically relevant prostate cancers. We evaluated prostate cancer detection rates in 171 consecutive men using magnetic resonance ultrasound fusion prostate biopsy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Subjects underwent targeted biopsy for active surveillance (106) or persistently increased prostate  specific antigen but negative prior conventional biopsy (65). Before biopsy, each man underwent multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging at 3.0 Tesla. Lesions on magnetic resonance imaging were outlined in 3 dimensions and assigned increasing  cancer suspicion levels (image grade 1 to 5) by a uroradiologist. A biopsy tracking system was used to fuse the stored magnetic resonance imaging with real-time ultrasound, generating a 3-dimensional prostate model on the fly. Working from the 3-dimensional model, transrectal biopsy of target lesions and 12 systematic biopsies were performed with the patient under local anesthesia in the clinic. RESULTS: A total of 171 subjects (median age 65 years) underwent targeted biopsy. At biopsy, median prostate specific antigen was 4.9 ng/ml and prostate volume was 48 cc. A targeted biopsy was 3 times more likely to identify cancer than a systematic biopsy (21% vs 7%). Prostate cancer was found in 53% of men, 38% of whom had Gleason grade 7 or greater cancer. Of the men with Gleason 7 or greater cancer 38% had disease detected only on targeted biopsies. Targeted biopsy findings correlated with level of suspicion on magnetic resonance imaging. Of 16 men 15 (94%) with an image grade 5 target (highest suspicion) had prostate  cancer, including 7 with Gleason 7 or greater cancer. CONCLUSIONS: Prostate lesions identified on magnetic resonance imaging can be accurately targeted using magnetic resonance ultrasound fusion biopsy by a urologist in clinic. Biopsy findings correlate with level of suspicion on magnetic resonance imaging.

 

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[453]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Neuroendocrine-derived peptides promote prostate cancer cell survival through activation of IGF-1R signaling.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Prostate. 2012 Nov 28. doi: 10.1002/pros.22624.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1002/pros.22624

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Dasilva JO; Amorino GP; Casarez EV; Pemberton B; Parsons SJ

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Microbiology, Cancer Center, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Neuroendocrine (NE) cells promote the progression of prostate cancer  to a castration-resistant state through the production of paracrine growth factors. We have demonstrated this principle using in vitro and in vivo proliferative endpoints; however, the contributions of NE-derived pro-survival factors and anti-apoptosis to this phenomenon have not been thoroughly investigated. METHODS: Here, we utilized conditioned-medium (CM) from LNCaP cells, engineered to undergo NE differentiation, and examined its effects on PC3  and LNCaP cell survival. RESULTS: Statistically significant changes in clonogenic survival, Annexin V staining, PARP cleavage and trypan blue positivity of approximately twofold were observed in the presence of NE-derived CM relative to  control-CM for both LNCaP and PC3 cells. These changes were partially abrogated by antagonists of the neuropeptides neurotensin, bombesin, and PTHrP. Selective inhibitors of IGF-1R, EGFR or Src caused significant and nearly complete blockade of prostate cancer cell survival due to NE secretions. Similar increases in cell  survival were observed for LNCaP or PC3 cells treated with NE-derived medium in the presence of docetaxel. Increased phosphorylation of IGF-1R, following treatment with NE-derived medium, was accompanied by decreased protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type F (PTPRF) mRNA, and protein levels. Overexpression of  PTPRF decreased cell survival, the amplitude and duration of IGF-1R phosphorylation, and enhanced PARP cleavage in the presence of NE-derived medium. CONCLUSIONS: These data support the hypothesis that NE-derived factors act upon prostate cancer cells to stimulate pro-survival signaling and describe a novel mechanism of cross-talk between NE-derived factors and IGF-1R, mediated in part by PTPRF. Prostate © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

 

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[454]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Evidence for downregulation of the negative regulator SPRED2 in clinical prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Br J Cancer. 2013 Feb 19;108(3):597-601. doi: 10.1038/bjc.2012.507. Epub 2012 Nov 20.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1038/bjc.2012.507

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Kachroo N; Valencia T; Warren AY; Gnanapragasam VJ

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Translational Prostate Cancer Group, Hutchison/MRC Research centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 0XZ, UK.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: SPRED1 and 2 are key negative regulators of MAPK signalling in mammalian cells. Here, we investigate the expression and functional role of SPREDs in prostate cancer. METHODS: A transcriptome bank of microdissected grade-specific primary cancers was constructed and interrogated for transcript expression of prostate cancer genes, known negative signalling regulators as well as SPRED1 and 2. The effect of SPRED2 manipulation was tested in in vitro assays. RESULTS: In a panel of 5 benign glands and 15 tumours, we observed concomitant downregulation of the negative regulators SEF and DUSP1 in tumours with increasing Gleason grade. Profiling in the same cohorts revealed downregulation of SPRED2 mRNA in tumours compared with benign glands (P<0.05). By contrast, SPRED1 expression remained unchanged. This observation was further validated in two additional separate cohorts of microdissected tumours (total of n=10 benign and n=58 tumours) with specific downregulation of SPRED2 particularly in higher grade tumours. In functional assays, SPRED2 overexpression reduced ERK phosphorylation and inhibited prostate cancer cell proliferation and migration in response to different growth factors and full-media stimulation (P<0.001). Conversely, SPRED2 suppression by siRNA enhanced the mitogenic response to growth factors and full media (P<0.001). CONCLUSION: These data suggest first evidence that SPRED2 is downregulated in prostate cancer and warrants further investigation as a potential tumour-suppressor gene.

 

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[455]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Re: Prostate cancer targeting motifs: expression of alphanu beta3, neurotensin receptor 1, prostate specific membrane antigen, and prostate stem cell antigen in human prostate cancer cell lines and xenografts.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Urol. 2012 Nov;188(5):2014-5. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.07.064. Epub 2012 Sep 20.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.juro.2012.07.064

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Atala A

 

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[456]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Re: A National study of adverse effects and global quality of life among candidates for curative treatment for prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Urol. 2012 Dec;188(6):2316-7. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.08.174. Epub 2012 Oct 22.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.juro.2012.08.174

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Seftel AD

 

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[457]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - High grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia in prostate needle biopsy.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Urol. 2013 Jan;189(1):315-6. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.10.036. Epub 2012 Oct 23.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.juro.2012.10.036

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Humphrey PA

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.

 

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[458]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Lycopodine triggers apoptosis by modulating 5-lipoxygenase, and depolarizing mitochondrial membrane potential in androgen sensitive and refractory prostate cancer cells without modulating p53 activity: signaling cascade and drug-DNA interaction.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Eur J Pharmacol. 2013 Jan 5;698(1-3):110-21. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.10.041. Epub 2012 Nov 6.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.ejphar.2012.10.041

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Bishayee K; Chakraborty D; Ghosh S; Boujedaini N; Khuda-Bukhsh AR

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University  of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, India.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - When the prostate cancer cells become unresponsive to androgen therapy, resistance to chemotherapy becomes imminent, resulting in high mortality. To combat this situation, lycopodine, a pharmacologically important bioactive component derived from Lycopodium clavatum spores, was tested against hormone sensitive (LnCaP) and refractory (PC3) prostate cancer cells in vitro. This study aims to check if lycopodine has demonstrable anti-cancer effects and if it has, to find out the possible mechanism of its action. The MTT assay was performed to  evaluate the cytotoxic effect. Depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential, cell cycle, EGF receptor activity and apoptosis were recorded by FACS; profiles of different anti- and pro-apoptotic genes and their products were studied by semi-quantitative RT-PCR, indirect-ELISA, western blotting. Drug-DNA interaction was determined by CD spectroscopy. Administration of lycopodine down-regulated the expression of 5-lipoxygenase and the 5-oxo-ETE receptor (OXE receptor1) and EGF receptor, and caused up-regulation of cytochrome c with depolarization of mitochondrial inner membrane potential, without palpable change in p53 activity, resulting in apoptosis, cell arrest at G0/G1 stage and ultimately reduced proliferation of cancer cells; concomitantly, there was externalization of phosphotidyl serine residues. CD spectroscopic analysis revealed intercalating property of lycopodine with DNA molecule, implicating its  ability to block cellular DNA synthesis. The overall results suggest that lycopodine is a promising candidate suitable for therapeutic use as an anti-cancer drug.

 

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[459]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Occurrence of dysplasia and human papilloma virus typing in penile condylomas.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Urology. 2013 Jan;81(1):211.e9-15. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2012.09.009. Epub 2012  Nov 13.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.urology.2012.09.009

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Baydar DE; Kulac I; Ozagari A; Guler Tezel G

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Pathology, Hacettepe University Hospital, Ankara, Turkey. dertoy@hacettepe.edu.tr

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence of dysplasia as a preneoplastic change and  high-risk human papilloma virus (HPV) infection in penile condylomas, which are common HPV-related lesions and considered a risk factor for penile cancer. METHODS: Histologic analysis was done of 58 consecutive penile condylomas with tissue diagnosis. An immunohistochemical panel that included stains for p53, Ki-67, and p16INK4a was also used. HPV typing was successfully performed in 43 lesions. Genotyping was accomplished through polymerase chain reaction and flow-through hybridization with an HPV GenoArray Diagnostic Test kit. RESULTS: Dysplasia was observed in 13 of the 58 condylomas (22%). High-risk HPV DNA was detected in 5 of 10 dysplastic lesions (50%) for which tissue blocks were available for study. High-risk HPV was not detected in the nondysplastic lesions  (P<.001). Ki-67>/=20% above the basal layer of epithelium and p53-positive immunostaining occurred more frequently in dysplastic lesions than in nondysplastic lesions; however, the difference was not statistically significance. Staining for p16INK4a was not helpful. CONCLUSION: Anogenital condylomas in men are usually treated using destructive methods or with medication. We suggest that at least a part of the lesion must be removed and sent for histopathologic examination. If the histologic result shows significant  dysplastic alteration, the lesion should be further investigated to determine the subtype of infective virus, because 50% of such lesions are associated with high-risk HPV. When oncogenic pathogens are found, careful patient follow-up for  recurrences and counseling for the patient and his sexual partner(s) may be warranted.

 

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[460]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and IGF-binding proteins in active monitoring  of localized prostate cancer: a population-based observational study.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Cancer Causes Control. 2013 Jan;24(1):39-45. doi: 10.1007/s10552-012-0087-7. Epub 2012 Oct 21.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s10552-012-0087-7

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Rowlands MA; Tilling K; Holly JM; Metcalfe C; Gunnell D; Lane A; Davis M; Donovan J; Hamdy F; Neal DE; Martin RM

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, 39  Whatley Road, Bristol, UK. mari-anne.rowlands@bristol.ac.uk

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: Active monitoring of prostate cancer requires the selection of low-risk  cancers and subsequent identification of disease progression. Our objective was to determine whether serum insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, IGF-II, IGF-binding protein (IGFBP)-2 or IGFBP-3 at diagnosis (potential biomarkers of prognosis), and repeated measures of IGFBP-2 (potential biomarker of tumour growth), were associated with annual change in PSA and PSA doubling time (PSADT), proxies for disease progression. METHODS: We investigated associations of circulating IGFs and IGFBPs with PSA measures using multilevel models, in 909 men (recruited between 1999 and 2009) with PSA-detected clinically localized prostate cancer undergoing active monitoring in the United Kingdom. Each man had an average of 14 measurements of PSA during a mean of 4-year follow-up. RESULTS: IGF-I, IGF-II, IGFBP-2, and IGFBP-3 were not associated with baseline PSA. There  was weak evidence that IGF-I at diagnosis was positively associated with a rapid  post-diagnosis PSADT (</=4 years vs. >4 years): OR 1.34 (95 % CI 0.98, 1.81) per  SD increase in IGF-I. IGFBP-2 increased by 2.1 % (95 % CI 1.4, 2.8) per year between 50 and 70 years, with no association between serial IGFBP-2 levels and PSADT. There was no evidence that serum IGF-II, IGFBP-2, or IGFBP-3, or post-diagnosis IGFBP-2, were associated with PSA kinetics in men with PSA-detected localized prostate cancer. CONCLUSIONS: The weak association of IGF-I with PSADT requires replication in larger datasets, and more definitive evidence will be provided on the maturity of long-term active monitoring cohorts  with relevant clinical outcomes (metastasis and prostate cancer mortality).

 

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[461]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Reduction of prostate intrafraction motion using gas-release rectal balloons.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Med Phys. 2012 Oct;39(10):5869-73. doi: 10.1118/1.4749932.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1118/1.4749932

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Su Z; Zhao T; Li Z; Hoppe B; Henderson R; Mendenhall W; Nichols RC; Marcus R; Mendenhall N

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida Proton Therapy Institute, Jacksonville, FL, USA. zsu@floridaproton.org

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: To analyze prostate intrafraction motion using both non-gas-release (NGR) and gas-release (GR) rectal balloons and to evaluate the ability of GR rectal balloons to reduce prostate intrafraction motion. METHODS: Twenty-nine patients with NGR rectal balloons and 29 patients with GR balloons were randomly  selected from prostate patients treated with proton therapy at the University of  Florida Proton Therapy Institute (Jacksonville, FL). Their pretreatment and post-treatment orthogonal radiographs were analyzed, and both pretreatment setup  residual error and intrafraction-motion data were obtained. Population histograms of intrafraction motion were plotted for both types of balloons. Population planning target-volume (PTV) margins were calculated with the van Herk formula of 2.5Sigma + 0.7sigma to account for setup residual errors and intrafraction motion errors. RESULTS: Pretreatment and post-treatment radiographs indicated that the use of gas-release rectal balloons reduced prostate intrafraction motion along superior-inferior (SI) and anterior-posterior (AP) directions. Similar patient setup residual errors were exhibited for both types of balloons. Gas-release rectal balloons resulted in PTV margin reductions from 3.9 to 2.8 mm in the SI direction, 3.1 to 1.8 mm in the AP direction, and an increase from 1.9 to 2.1 mm  in the left-right direction. CONCLUSIONS: Prostate intrafraction motion is an important uncertainty source in radiotherapy after image-guided patient setup with online corrections. Compared to non-gas-release rectal balloons, gas-release balloons can reduce prostate intrafraction motion in the SI and AP directions caused by gas buildup.

 

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[462]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Re: Prostate cancer diagnosis is associated with an increased risk of erectile dysfunction after prostate biopsy.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Urol. 2012 Dec;188(6):2317-8. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.08.175. Epub 2012 Oct 22.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.juro.2012.08.175

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Seftel AD

 

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[463]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Sirolimus for the treatment of Kaposi sarcoma after renal transplantation: a series of 10 cases.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Transplant Proc. 2012 Nov;44(9):2824-6. doi: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2012.09.025.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.transproceed.2012.09.025

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Yaich S; Charfeddine K; Zaghdane S; El Aoud N; Jarraya F; Kharrat M; Hachicha J

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Nephrology, Hedi Chaker Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - The incidence of Kaposi sarcoma (KS) has substantially increased among immunocompromised patients, suggesting a role for immunosuppressive drugs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence, features, and outcome of KS among 307 kidney transplantation patients at our center between January 1994 and  June 2010. During the study period, the 10 patients who developed KS (3.25%) showed a mean age at transplantation of 35.8 +/- 8.7 years (range, 22 to 49 years). The mean interval between transplantation and occurrence of KS was 24.7 +/- 21.36 months (range, 6 to 64 months). The mean time of antithymocyte globulin induction was 9.5 days (range, 6 to 13 days). KS was restricted to the skin in 7  cases, among which, one presented with associated Hodgkin lymphoma. Visceral involvement (one lung and one colon) was observed in two cases. One patient presented with a gastric KS without skin lesions. Immunosuppressive treatment was reduced, then withdrawn in three cases, resulting in regression of KS a few weeks later, but with graft loss requiring hemodialysis at 1, 3 and 4 months. Among the remaining 7 cases, we stopped mycophenalate mofetil (MMF) and switched from calcineurin inhibitors to sirolimus. Allograft function remained stable after the switch. Only one patient who already had allograft dysfunction due to biopsy-proven chronic allograft nephropathy. Deteriorated progressively, undergoing hemodialysis at 2 years after KS diagnosis. In conclusion, we observed a relatively high incidence of KS among our cases. The introduction of sirolimus  resulted in complete regression of KS lesions with preserved graft function.

 

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[464]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Postconditioning with far-infrared irradiation increases heme oxygenase-1 expression and protects against ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat testis.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Life Sci. 2013 Jan 17;92(1):35-41. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2012.10.019. Epub 2012 Nov  7.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.lfs.2012.10.019

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Tu YP; Chen SC; Liu YH; Chen CF; Hour TC

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Tao-Yuan General Hospital, Department of Health, Taoyuan 330, Taiwan.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - AIMS: Studies have shown that heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) has a protective role in the mechanism underlying hypoxic preconditioning. We used a far-infrared radiation (FIR) heater to investigate the postconditioning protective role of HO-1 against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in rat testis. MAIN METHODS: Forty rats were used. Testis ischemia was mimicked by total obstructive clamping of testis vessels for 1, 2, or 4 h, and concomitant postconditioning with 30 min FIR or heat light during initially 30 min reperfusion. HO-1 expression and apoptosis  of testis tissues were examined by immunohistochemistry and in situ terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay, respectively. HO-1 protein level and caspase-3 activity were analyzed by Western blotting. KEY FINDINGS: There was less apoptotic activity in  rat testis after FIR, as determined by TUNEL assay. Higher HO-1 protein expression was observed by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting (p<0.01) in  testis cells after FIR postconditioning. In contrast, caspase-3 activity was significantly higher in heat light groups, as compared with FIR groups (p<0.01).  SIGNIFICANCE: FIR postconditioning attenuated I/R injury in rat testis by inducing HO-1 expression, which might have a protective role in testis apoptosis  after I/R injury.

 

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[465]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Readability of websites containing information about prostate cancer treatment options.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Urol. 2012 Dec;188(6):2171-5. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.07.105. Epub 2012 Oct 18.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.juro.2012.07.105

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Ellimoottil C; Polcari A; Kadlec A; Gupta G

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois, USA. cellimoottil@lumc.edu

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: Approximately 90 million American adults have literacy skills that test  below a high school reading level. Websites written above this level can pose a challenge for those seeking online information about prostate cancer treatment options. In this study we determine the readability of selected websites using a  systematic search process and validated readability formulas. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We identified the 3 most popular keywords from 513 terms related to prostate cancer treatment options. We then systematically collected 270 websites  from the top 3 search engines, and excluded from study those that were nonEnglish, not primarily text, irrelevant and/or duplicated. We used the Flesch-Kincaid grade level and Flesch Reading Ease to determine scores for each site. RESULTS: A total of 62 unique websites were analyzed. Median Flesch-Kincaid grade level was 12.0 (range 8.0 to 12.0) and median Flesch Reading Ease score was 38.1 (range 0.0 to 65.5). Only 3 sites (4.8%) were written below a high school reading level (less than 9.0). CONCLUSIONS: Few websites with discussions on prostate cancer treatment options are written below a high school reading level.  This is problematic for a third of Americans who seek to further educate themselves using online resources. Clinicians can use this information to guide their patients to appropriate websites.

 

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[466]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Upregulation of miR-153 promotes cell proliferation via downregulation of the PTEN tumor suppressor gene in human prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Prostate. 2013 May;73(6):596-604. doi: 10.1002/pros.22600. Epub 2012 Oct 11.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1002/pros.22600

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Wu Z; He B; He J; Mao X

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China; Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Accumulating evidence indicates that microRNAs play a pivotal role in the development and progression of prostate cancer. The present study was aimed at clarifying the biological functions of miR-153, one of the upregulated microRNAs in prostate cancers, and the signaling transduction induced by miR-153. METHODS: miR-153 was identified to be overexpressed in prostate cancers. The probable biological function of miR-153 in cellular proliferation was then examined by diverse assays, such as MTT, colony formation and BrdUrd incorporation assay. Moreover, real-time PCR and western blotting analysis were applied to investigate the underlying molecular mechanism induced by miR-153. Luciferase assays were used to determined the FOXO1 transactivity and the direct  regulation of PTEN-3’-UTR by miR-153. RESULTS: High-throughput method identified  miR-153 to be upregulated in prostate cancers, which is further confirmed by the  upregulated expression in four paired prostate tumor/adjacent non-cancerous tissues from the same patients. Further studies revealed that overexpression of miR-153 promoted cell cycle transition and cell proliferation, while inhibition of miR-153 reduced this effect. Moreover, miR-153 overexpression in prostate cancer cells increased the G1/S transitional promoter, cyclin D1 expression, and  decreased cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor, p21(Cip1) expression. In addition, we demonstrated that miR-153 directly targeted the PTEN tumor suppressor gene, activated the AKT signaling and downregulated FOXO1 transcriptional activity. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, our results suggest that miR-153 play an important role in promoting proliferation of human prostate cancer cells and present a novel mechanism of microRNA-mediated direct suppression of PTEN expression in prostate cancer cells. Prostate 73: 596-604, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

 

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[467]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Positive urinary antigen tests for Streptococcus pneumoniae in community-acquired pneumonia: a 7-year retrospective evaluation of health care cost and treatment consequences.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2013 Apr;32(4):485-92. doi: 10.1007/s10096-012-1761-0. Epub 2012 Oct 31.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s10096-012-1761-0

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Engel MF; van Velzen M; Hoepelman AI; Thijsen S; Oosterheert JJ

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Utrecht, Intern Mail: F02.126, Heidelberglaan 100, P.O. Box 85500, Utrecht, The Netherlands, m.f.engel-2@umcutrecht.nl.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - A positive pneumococcal urinary antigen test (PUAT) for Streptococcus pneumoniae  allows an early switch from empiric to targeted treatment in hospitalised community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) patients. The economic and treatment consequences of this widespread implemented test are, however, unknown. We retrospectively evaluated all tests performed since its introduction in two teaching hospitals. Data on patient characteristics, treatment, admission and outcome were retrieved from the electronic patient files. Test benefits were expressed as the number of days that targeted therapy (i.e. penicillin) was administered to hospitalised CAP patients due to a positive PUAT. This calculation was based on the timing of the PUAT and the initiation of targeted therapy. Subsequently, we performed two direct cost analyses from a hospital perspective, first including tests performed for CAP only, and second including costs of all (excessive) tests. Between 2005 and 2012, 3,479 PUATs were performed, of which 1,907 (55 %) were for CAP. A total of 1,638 PUATs (86 %) were negative and 269 (14 %) were positive. Fifty-two (19 %) positive tests were excluded. In 75 (35 %) of the 217 remaining positive tests, a positive PUAT led to targeted treatment during 293 cumulative admission days. Testing costs for CAP only were <euro>131 per targeted treatment day. These costs were <euro>257 if local protocol dictated PUAT use for all CAP cases, as opposed to <euro>72 if the test was reserved for severe cases only. When including all tests, PUAT costs were <euro>254 per targeted treatment day. Therefore, improving the selective use of the PUAT in hospitalised CAP patients may lead to increased (cost-)efficiency.

 

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[468]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - High regulatory T-cell levels at 1 year posttransplantation predict long-term graft survival among kidney transplant recipients.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Transplant Proc. 2012 Nov;44(9):2538-41. doi: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2012.09.083.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.transproceed.2012.09.083

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - San Segundo D; Fernandez-Fresnedo G; Rodrigo E; Ruiz JC; Gonzalez M; Gomez-Alamillo C; Arias M; Lopez-Hoyos M

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Immunology Service, Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla-IFIMAV, Santander, España.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - INTRODUCTION: Regulatory T cells (Tregs) have gained an important role in mechanisms of tolerance and protection against the transplant rejection. However, only limited retrospective data have shown a relationship between peripheral blood Tregs and better long-term graft survival. The purpose of the present study was to investigate prospectively circulating Treg levels and their association with long-term graft survival. METHODS: Ninety kidney transplant recipients underwent measurement of Treg levels in peripheral blood before as well as at 6 months and 1 year posttransplantation. Receiver operating characteristic curves were applied to test the sensitivity and specificity of Treg levels to predict prognosis. RESULTS: Treg levels before transplantation correlated with those at 6 months and 12 months posttransplantation (P < .001 and P = .002, respectively). Patients who maintained high Treg levels (above 70th percentile) at both 6 and 12 months displayed better long-term graft survival at 4 and 5 years follow-up (P =  .04 and P = .043 respectively). There was no effect on patient survival. CONCLUSION: Detection of high levels of peripheral blood Tregs was associated with better graft survival possibly using as a potential marker of prognosis.

 

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[469]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Final results of an EORTC-GU cancers group randomized study of maintenance bacillus Calmette-Guerin in intermediate- and high-risk Ta, T1 papillary carcinoma of the urinary bladder: one-third dose versus full dose and 1 year versus 3 years of maintenance.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Eur Urol. 2013 Mar;63(3):462-72. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2012.10.039. Epub 2012 Nov 2.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.eururo.2012.10.039

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Oddens J; Brausi M; Sylvester R; Bono A; van de Beek C; van Andel G; Gontero P; Hoeltl W; Turkeri L; Marreaud S; Collette S; Oosterlinck W

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Jeroen Bosch Ziekenhuis, ‘s-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands. j.oddens@jbz.nl

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: The optimal dose and duration of intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) in the treatment of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) are controversial. OBJECTIVE: To determine if a one-third dose (1/3D) is  not inferior to the full dose (FD), if 1 yr of maintenance is not inferior to 3 yr of maintenance, and if 1/3D and 1 yr of maintenance are associated with less toxicity. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: After transurethral resection, intermediate- and high-risk NMIBC patients were randomized to one of four BCG groups: 1/3D-1 yr, 1/3D-3 yr, FD-1 yr, and FD-3 yr. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: The trial was designed as a noninferiority study with the null hypothesis of a 10% decrease in the disease-free rate at 5 yr. Times to events were estimated using cumulative incidence functions and compared using the Cox proportional hazards regression model. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: In an intention-to-treat analysis of 1355 patients with a median follow-up of 7.1 yr, there were no significant differences in toxicity between 1/3D and FD. The null hypotheses of inferiority of the disease-free interval for both 1/3D and 1 yr could not be rejected. We found that 1/3D-1 yr is suboptimal compared with FD-3 yr (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.75; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.59-0.94; p=0.01). Intermediate-risk patients treated with FD do not benefit from an additional 2 yr of BCG. In high-risk patients, 3 yr is associated with a reduction in recurrence  (HR: 1.61; 95% CI, 1.13-2.30; p=0.009) but only when given at FD. There were no differences in progression or survival. CONCLUSIONS: There were no differences in toxicity between 1/3D and FD. Intermediate-risk patients should be treated with FD-1 yr. In high-risk patients, FD-3 yr reduces recurrences as compared with FD-1 yr but not progressions or deaths. The benefit of the two additional years of maintenance should be weighed against its added costs and inconvenience. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00002990; clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT00002990.

 

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[470]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Downregulation and prognostic performance of microRNA 224 expression in prostate  cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Clin Chem. 2013 Jan;59(1):261-9. doi: 10.1373/clinchem.2012.191502. Epub 2012 Nov 7.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1373/clinchem.2012.191502

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Mavridis K; Stravodimos K; Scorilas A

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Athens, Athens, Greece.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - INTRODUCTION: The extensive use of prostate-specific antigen as a general prostate cancer biomarker has introduced the hazards of overdiagnosis and overtreatment. Recent studies have revealed the immense biomarker capacity of microRNAs (miRNAs) in prostate cancer. The aim of this study was to analyze the expression pattern of miR-224, a cancer-related miRNA, in prostate tumors and investigate its clinical utility. METHODS: Total RNA was isolated from 139 prostate tissue samples. After the polyadenylation of total RNA by poly(A) polymerase, cDNA was synthesized with a suitable poly(T) adapter. miR-224 expression was assessed by quantitative real-time PCR and analyzed with the comparative quantification cycle method, C(q)(2(-DeltaDeltaCq)). We performed comprehensive biostatistical analyses to explore the clinical value of miR-224 in prostate cancer. RESULTS: miR-224 expression was significantly downregulated in malignant samples compared with benign samples (P < 0.001). Higher miR-224 expression levels were found in prostate tumors that were less aggressive (P = 0.017) and in an earlier disease stage (P = 0.018). Patients with prostate cancer who were positive for miR-224 had significantly enhanced progression-free survival intervals compared with miR-224-negative patients (P = 0.021). Univariate bootstrap Cox regression confirmed that miR-224 was associated with favorable prognosis (hazard ratio 0.314, P = 0.013); nonetheless, multivariate analysis, adjusted for conventional markers, did not identify miR-224 as an independent prognostic indicator. CONCLUSIONS: miR-224 is aberrantly expressed in prostate cancer. Its assessment by cost-effective quantitative molecular methodologies could provide a useful biomarker for prostate cancer.

 

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[471]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Pretransplant donor-specific HLA antibodies detected by single antigen bead flow  cytometry: risk factors and outcomes after kidney transplantation.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Transplant Proc. 2012 Nov;44(9):2529-31. doi: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2012.09.102.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.transproceed.2012.09.102

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Kanter Berga J; Sancho Calabuig A; Gavela Martinez E; Puig Alcaraz N; Beltran Catalan S; Avila Bernabeu A; Crespo Albiach J; Montoro JA; Pallardo Mateu LM

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Nephrology and Haemodialysis Department, Dr Peset Universitary Hospital, Gaspar Aguilar Valencia, España. jkanter@senefro.org

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: The clinical significance of pretransplant donor-specific antibodies  (pre-Tx DSAs) detected by single antigen bead flow cytometry (SAB-FC) remains unclear. Our aim was to investigate the impact that pre-Tx DSAs detected by SAB-FC have on the early and late clinical outcomes. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We retrospectively tested stored frozen pre-Tx sera from 222 deceased-donor kidney transplants performed between November 1997 and November 2006. All patients had a negative complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) cross-match with the donor. Median follow up was 5.1 years. RESULTS: Twenty-two (10%) patients had pre-Tx HLA antibodies detected by CDC. Pre-Tx HLA antibodies were detected using SAB-FC in the sera of 46 (20.7%) patients; 36 (16.2%) of them presented pre-Tx DSAs, 18 had class I antibodies, 9 class II, and 9 patients presented both classes. Mean pre-Tx DSA class I/II was 2360/1972 (MFI) mean fluorescence index in non CDC-sensitized patients. Pre-Tx DSAs were associated with female sex, retransplants, and pretransplant transfusions. Patients with Pre-Tx DSAs more than 1000 MFI and negative CDC screening presented a higher percentage of delayed graft function (61.1% versus 38.9%), more episodes of acute vascular rejection (33.3% versus 13.7%), and chronic rejection as the cause of allograft failure (22.2% versus 9.7%) compared with non-pre-Tx DSAs patients. Five-year allograft survival was significantly worse in patients with pre-Tx DSA (68.5% versus 82%, P = .006) and in patients with pre-Tx DSA class II more than 1000 MFI (43% versus 82%, P = .009). We didn’t find differences in patient survival. DISCUSSION: Pre-Tx DSAs detected by SAB-FC were more frequent in female recipients, and they  were associated with acute vascular and chronic rejection and a poorer graft outcome.

 

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[472]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Epigenetic distortion to VDR transcriptional regulation in prostate cancer cells.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2012 Oct 23. pii: S0960-0760(12)00199-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2012.10.002.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.jsbmb.2012.10.002

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Singh PK; Doig CL; Dhiman VK; Turner BM; Smiraglia DJ; Campbell MJ

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - The current study aimed to examine the gene specific mechanisms by which the actions of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) are distorted in prostate cancer. Transcriptional responses toward the VDR ligand, 1alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3), were examined in non-malignant prostate epithelial cells (RWPE-1) and compared to the  1alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3)-recalcitrant prostate cancer cells (PC-3). Time resolved transcriptional studies for two VDR target genes revealed selective attenuation and repression of VDR transcriptional responses in PC-3 cells. For example, responses in PC-3 cells revealed suppressed responsiveness of IGFBP3 and G0S2. Furthermore, Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays revealed that suppressed transcriptional responses in PC-3 cells of IGFBP3 and G0S2 were associated with selective VDR-induced NCOR1 enrichment at VDR-binding regions on target-gene promoter regions. We propose that VDR inappropriately recruits co-repressors in prostate cancer cells. Subsequent direct and indirect mechanisms may induce local DNA methylation and stable transcriptional silencing. Thus a transient epigenetic process mediated by co-repressor binding, namely, the control of H3K9 acetylation, is distorted to favor a more stable epigenetic event, namely DNA methylation. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled ‘Vitamin D Workshop’.

 

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[473]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Re: Neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy for locally advanced bladder carcinoma: development of novel bladder preservation approach, osaka medical college regimen.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Urol. 2012 Dec;188(6):2150-1. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.08.080. Epub 2012 Oct 18.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.juro.2012.08.080

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Wood DP

 

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[474]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Intravesical recurrence after radical nephroureterectomy for upper tract urothelial carcinomas: predictors and impact on subsequent oncological outcomes from a national multicenter study.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - World J Urol. 2013 Feb;31(1):61-8. doi: 10.1007/s00345-012-0957-3. Epub 2012 Sep  30.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s00345-012-0957-3

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Xylinas E; Colin P; Audenet F; Phe V; Cormier L; Cussenot O; Houlgatte A; Karsenty G; Bruyere F; Polguer T; Ruffion A; Valeri A; Rozet F; Long JA; Zerbib M; Roupret M

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology and Pathology, Cochin Hospital, APHP, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France. evanguelosxylinas@hotmail.com

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - OBJECTIVES: To identify predictive factors and assess the impact on oncological outcomes of intravesical recurrence after radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) in upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC). METHODS: Using a national multicentric retrospective dataset, we identified all patients with UTUC who underwent a RNU between 1995 and 2010 (n = 482). Intravesical recurrence was tested as a prognostic factor for survival through univariable and multivariable Cox regression analysis. RESULTS: Overall, intravesical recurrence occurred in 169 patients (35 %) with a median age of 69.2 years (IQR: 60-76) and after a median follow-up of 39.5 months (IQR: 25-60). Actuarial intravesical recurrence-free survival estimates at 2 and 5 years after RNU were 72 and 45 %, respectively. On  univariable analyses, previous history of bladder tumor, tumor multifocality, laparoscopic approach, pathological T-stage, presence of concomitant CIS and lymphovascular invasion were all associated with intravesical recurrence. On multivariable analysis, previous history of bladder cancer, tumor multifocality and laparoscopic approach remained independent predictors of intravesical recurrence. Existence of intravesical recurrence was not correlated with worst oncological outcomes in terms of disease recurrence (p = 0.075) and cancer-specific mortality (p = 0.06). CONCLUSIONS: In the current study, intravesical recurrence occurred in 35 % of patients with UTUC after RNU. Previous history of bladder cancer, tumor multifocality, concomitant CIS and laparoscopic approach were independent predictors of intravesical recurrence. These findings are in line with recent published data and should be considered carefully to provide a definitive surveillance protocol regarding management of urothelial carcinomas regardless of the location of urothelial carcinomas in the  whole urinary tract.

 

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[475]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Acute urinary retention increases the risk of complications after transurethral resection of the prostate: a population-based study.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - BJU Int. 2012 Dec;110(11 Pt C):E896-901. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11471.x. Epub 2012 Oct 4.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11471.x

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Chen JS; Chang CH; Yang WH; Kao YH

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Medical College and Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Study Type—Prognosis (cohort) Level of Evidence 2a. What’s known on the subject? and What does the study add? Higher mortality and morbidity rates in men presenting with AUR have been reported in previous studies. This study has comprehensive comparisons of post-TURP complications between patients with and without AUR. Furthermore, it shows that AUR is associated with increased risk of  complications after TURP. OBJECTIVE: * To assess the association between a history of acute urinary retention (AUR) and complications after transurethral resection of prostate (TURP). PATIENTS AND METHODS: * We conducted a retrospective, national, population-based study using Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database. * We included men > 50 years old, diagnosed with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and divided these into two groups: an AUR(+) group—those with AUR who underwent TURP between 2002 and 2004; and an AUR(-) group—those without AUR who underwent TURP between those dates. * Prostate cancer, Parkinsonism and multiple sclerosis were exclusion criteria. * Postoperative complications, e.g. re-catheterization, haematuria or urinary tract infection (UTI), were compared using crude odds ratios (ORs), 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and Student’s t-test. * A chi-squared test was used for potential confounding factors: preoperative UTI and anticoagulant use. * Univariate and multivariate analysis on medical expenses were conducted. RESULTS: * The AUR(+) group contained 3305 men; the AUR(-) group contained 1062. * Re-catheterization (13.8%), septicaemia (1.1%) and shock (0.3%) were found only in the AUR(+) group. * The AUR(+) group had more UTIs (18.9% vs. 15.6%, OR: 1.26, 95% CI: 1.05-1.52), more lower urinary tract symptoms (22.8% vs. 16.9%, OR: 1.45, 95% CI: 1.21-1.73), fewer blood transfusions (3.2% vs. 1.5%, OR: 2.19, 95% CI: 1.29-3.72) and higher medical expenses. * There were no significant differences in haematuria, lower urinary tract stricture, or re-surgical intervention of the  prostate and second-line antibiotic use. CONCLUSION: * Patients in Taiwan with BPH with AUR who were treated by TURP were associated with a higher risk of complications, longer hospital stay and more comorbidities than those without AUR and a preoperative warning is warranted for these patients.

 

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[476]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Synthesis and biological evaluation of low molecular weight fluorescent imaging agents for the prostate-specific membrane antigen.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Bioconjug Chem. 2012 Dec 19;23(12):2377-85. doi: 10.1021/bc3003919. Epub 2012 Dec 4.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1021/bc3003919

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Chen Y; Pullambhatla M; Banerjee SR; Byun Y; Stathis M; Rojas C; Slusher BS; Mease RC; Pomper MG

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology, Brain Science Institute, Johns Hopkins Medical School, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Targeted near-infrared (NIR) optical imaging can be used in vivo to detect specific tissues, including malignant cells. A series of NIR fluorescent ligands  targeting the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) was synthesized and each  compound was tested for its ability to image PSMA+ tissues in experimental models of prostate cancer. The agents were prepared by conjugating commercially available active esters of NIR dyes, including IRDye800CW, IRDye800RS, Cy5.5, Cy7, or a derivative of indocyanine green (ICG) to the terminal amine group of (S)-2-(3-((S)-5-amino-1-carboxypentyl)ureido)pentanedioic acid 1, (14S,18S)-1-amino-8,16-dioxo-3,6-dioxa-9,15,17-triazaicosane-14,18,20-tricarboxyl ic acid 2 and (3S,7S)-26-amino-5,13,20-trioxo-4,6,12,21-tetraazahexacosane-1,3,7,22-tetracarbox ylic acid 3. The K(i) values for the dye-inhibitor conjugates ranged from 1 to 700 pM. All compounds proved capable of imaging PSMA+ tumors selectively to varying degrees depending on the choice of fluorophore and linker. The highest tumor uptake was observed with IRDye800CW employing a poly(ethylene glycol) or lysine-suberate linker, as in 800CW-2 and 800CW-3, while the highest tumor to nontarget tissue ratios were obtained for Cy7 with these same linkers, as in Cy7-2 and Cy7-3. Compounds 2 and 3 provide useful scaffolds for targeting of PSMA+ tissues in vivo and should be useful for preparing NIR dye conjugates designed specifically for clinical intraoperative optical imaging devices.

 

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[477]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Epithelial cell adhesion molecule is an independent prognostic marker in clear cell renal carcinoma.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Int J Cancer. 2012 Nov 26. doi: 10.1002/ijc.27970.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1002/ijc.27970

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Eichelberg C; Chun FK; Bedke J; Heuer R; Adam M; Moch H; Terracciano L; Hinrichs K; Dahlem R; Fisch M; Schlomm T; Sauter G; Minner S

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany. c.eichelberg@uke.de.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EPCAM) has recently attained a renewed interest as a candidate protein in diagnosis, prognostication and therapy of various tumor entities. The molecular epidemiology and prognostic relevance of EPCAM in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and amongst the histological subtypes of RCC  are unclear. We analyzed the prevalence and prognostic significance of EPCAM in a tumor tissue microarray composed of 1,088 independent RCCs samples by immunohistochemistry (IHC). We found significant variations of EPCAM IHC staining intensities in between the RCC subtypes: in papillary and chromophobe RCC, the majority of tumors (89-93%) showed an at least weak EPCAM protein expression. In  the largest subgroup, the clear cell (cc)RCC (n = 767), a negative EPCAM IHC was  found in 1/3 of the patients and was associated with high-grade disease and nodal metastases. Kaplan-Meier analyses demonstrated a significant association between  positive EPCAM IHC and prolonged overall survival, even in a subset of low-risk ccRCC. In multivariable analyses, EPCAM represented an independent risk factor of survival throughout all subgroups. For localized, low-grade ccRCC, information of EPCAM IHC raised predictive accuracy of a multivariate model by approximately 5%, compared to T-stage and grade alone. Our findings indicate that EPCAM is an independent prognostic molecular marker in ccRCC and, especially in localized ccRCC, might be able to provide auxiliary information for a better prognostication.

 

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[478]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Low-level arsenic exposure is associated with bladder cancer risk and cigarette smoking: a case-control study among men in Tunisia.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2012 Nov 27.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s11356-012-1335-9

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Feki-Tounsi M; Olmedo P; Gil F; Khlifi R; Mhiri MN; Rebai A; Hamza-Chaffai A

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Unit of Marine and Environmental Toxicology, IPEIS, Sfax University, BP 805, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia, molkafekitounsi@yahoo.fr.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Although exposure to high levels of arsenic is associated with excess bladder cancer risk, lower exposures generally are not. This study represents the first biomonitoring of arsenic exposure in Tunisia and focuses on a possible association with bladder cancer risk. In this context, 124 male bladder cancer cases and 220 controls were recruited and blood samples were analyzed to determine the concentration of As. The study subjects were stratified into median groups based on concentrations of arsenic in their blood. Blood arsenic (B-As) was significantly two to threefold higher in bladder cancer cases than in controls (p < 0.05). The arsenic concentrations were significantly higher among both smokers and workers in construction. However, neither drinking water nor seafood was found to be incriminated as exposure sources. The adjusted risk ratios for B-As concentration categories 0.1-0.67 and >/=0.67 mug/L were 0.18 (95% CI = 0.014-2.95) and 2.44 (95% CI = 1.11-5.35), respectively. Arsenic levels were not found to be associated with tumor grade or stage. The considerable risk  in the category of highest cumulative exposure argues for an association between  bladder cancer risk and low-level arsenic exposure. Future investigations with larger samples and using techniques that allow the distinction of the different arsenic species should better elucidate this association. Furthermore, the modulation of arsenic level according to the histological grade may be of potential to be used as a diagnostic marker of the disease process and its possible relationship etiologically.

 

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[479]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Detecting DNA methylation of the BCL2, CDKN2A and NID2 genes in urine using a nested methylation specific polymerase chain reaction assay to predict bladder cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Urol. 2012 Dec;188(6):2101-7. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.08.015. Epub 2012 Oct 18.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.juro.2012.08.015

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Scher MB; Elbaum MB; Mogilevkin Y; Hilbert DW; Mydlo JH; Sidi AA; Adelson ME; Mordechai E; Trama JP

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Oncoveda Tumor Biology Center, Medical Diagnostic Laboratories LLC, a Division of Genesis Biotechnology Group, Hamilton, New Jersey, USA. mscher@mdlab.com

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: Detection of methylated DNA has been shown to be a good biomarker for bladder cancer. Bladder cancer has the highest recurrence rate of any cancer and, as such, patients are regularly monitored using invasive diagnostic techniques. As urine is easily attainable, bladder cancer is an optimal cancer to detect using DNA methylation. DNA methylation is highly specific in cancer detection. However, it is difficult to detect because of the limited amount of DNA present in the urine of patients with bladder cancer. Therefore, an improved, sensitive and noninvasive diagnostic test is needed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We developed a  highly specific and sensitive nested methylation specific polymerase chain reaction assay to detect the presence of bladder cancer in small volumes of patient urine. The genes assayed for DNA methylation are BCL2, CDKN2A and NID2. The regions surrounding the DNA methylation sites were amplified in a methylation independent first round polymerase chain reaction and the amplification product from the first polymerase chain reaction was used in a real-time methylation specific polymerase chain reaction. Urine samples were collected from patients receiving treatment at Wolfson Medical Center in Holon, Israel. RESULTS: In a pilot clinical study using patient urine samples we were able to differentiate bladder cancer from other urogenital malignancies and nonmalignant conditions with a sensitivity of 80.9% and a specificity of 86.4%. CONCLUSIONS: We developed a novel methylation specific polymerase chain reaction assay for the detection and monitoring of bladder cancer using DNA extracted from patient urine. The assay may also be combined with other diagnostic tests to improve accuracy.

 

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[480]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Molecular markers in key steroidogenic pathways, circulating steroid levels, and  prostate cancer progression.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Clin Cancer Res. 2013 Feb 1;19(3):699-709. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-12-2812. Epub 2012 Nov 27.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1158/1078-0432.CCR-12-2812

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Levesque E; Huang SP; Audet-Walsh E; Lacombe L; Bao BY; Fradet Y; Laverdiere I; Rouleau M; Huang CY; Yu CC; Caron P; Guillemette C

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Pharmacogenomics Laboratory and L’Hotel-Dieu de Quebec, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Quebec (CHUQ) Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, Canada.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: Prostate cancer is a heterogeneous genetic disease, and molecular methods for predicting prognosis in patients with aggressive form of the disease  are urgently needed to better personalize treatment approaches. The objective was to identify host genetic variations in candidate steroidogenic genes affecting hormone levels and prostate cancer progression. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: The study examined two independent cohorts composed of 526 Caucasian men with organ-confined prostate cancer and 601 Taiwanese men on androgen-deprivation therapy. Caucasians were genotyped for 109 haplotype-tagging single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in CYP17A1, ESR1, CYP19A1, and HSD3B1, and their prognostic significance on disease progression was assessed using Kaplan-Meier survival curves and Cox regression models. Positive findings, including previously identified SRD5A1, SRD5A2, HSD17B2, HSD17B3, and HSD17B12 polymorphisms, were then explored in Taiwanese men (n = 32 SNPs). The influence of positive markers on the circulating hormonal levels was then appraised in Caucasians using specific and sensitive mass spectrometry-based methods. RESULTS: After adjusting  for known risk factors, variants of CYP17A1 (rs6162), HSD17B2 (rs4243229 and rs7201637), and ESR1 (rs1062577) were associated with progressive disease in both cohorts. Indeed, the presence of these variations was significantly associated with progression in Caucasians (HR, 2.29-4.10; P = 0.0014-2 x 10(-7)) and survival in Taiwanese patients [HR = 3.74; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.71-8.19, P = 0.009]. Remarkably, the CYP17A1 rs6162 polymorphism was linked to  plasma dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEA-S) levels (P = 0.03), HSD17B2 rs7201637 with levels of dihydrotestosterone (P = 0.03), and ESR1 rs1062577 with  levels of estrone-S and androsterone-glucuronide (P </= 0.05). CONCLUSION: This study identifies, in different ethnic groups and at different disease stages, CYP17A1, HSD17B2, and ESR1 as attractive prognostic molecular markers of prostate cancer progression.

 

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[481]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Role of immediate confirmatory prostate biopsy to ensure accurate eligibility for active surveillance.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Urology. 2012 Nov;80(5):1070-4. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2012.07.049.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.urology.2012.07.049

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Motamedinia P; RiChard JL; McKiernan JM; DeCastro GJ; Benson MC

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA. pm2333@columbia.edu

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - OBJECTIVE: To assess the role of confirmatory prostate biopsy in the accurate risk assessment of patients with low risk prostate cancer eligible for active surveillance. METHODS: Patients electing active surveillance of their low grade,  low volume prostate cancer with prostate-specific antigen <20 ng/mL, <cT2 disease who underwent confirmatory rebiopsy were included. Biopsy progression was defined as >2 core involvement or Gleason 7 disease on subsequent biopsies. Prostate-specific antigen, total number of cores on initial and rebiopsy, the presence of high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, and prostate-specific antigen density, when available, were assessed as predictors of biopsy progression. RESULTS: Sixty patients were included. Median time to rebiopsy was 2 months. Nineteen patients (31.7%) had findings that excluded them from active surveillance. Despite rebiopsy findings, 7 patients elected for active surveillance, all of which eventually underwent treatment for continued biopsy progression. Of the 41 patients eligible for active surveillance after rebiopsy,  8% elected treatment, 74% remained on active surveillance, and 13% experienced biopsy progression. No cancer on rebiopsy was associated with a reduced risk of progression to treatment on active surveillance (odds ratio 0.14, P = .011). A microfocus of Gleason 4 pattern (odds ratio 16.0, P = .04) and high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (odds ratio 7.29, P = .03) on initial biopsy  were independent predictors of immediate rebiopsy progression. Prostate-specific  antigen, prostate-specific antigen density, and the total number of cores were not significant. CONCLUSION: Confirmatory rebiopsy aids in the accurate identification of low-risk patients for active surveillance as one-third are initially undergraded. Patients with high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and any Gleason pattern 4 on initial biopsy are at highest risk and should be counseled regarding the risks of progression on active surveillance accordingly.

 

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[482]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Urologic Clinics of North America. Castrate-resistant prostate cancer. Preface.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Urol Clin North Am. 2012 Nov;39(4):xv. doi: 10.1016/j.ucl.2012.08.001. Epub 2012  Aug 30.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.ucl.2012.08.001

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Kibel AS

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA. akibel@partners.org

 

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[483]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Urologic Clinics of North America. Castrate-resistant prostate cancer. Foreword.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Urol Clin North Am. 2012 Nov;39(4):xiii. doi: 10.1016/j.ucl.2012.09.003.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.ucl.2012.09.003

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Taneja SS

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Division of Urologic Oncology, Smilow Comprehensive Prostate Cancer Center, Department of Urology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA. samir.taneja@nyumc.org

 

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[484]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Adolescent obesity and paternal country of origin predict renal cell carcinoma: a cohort study of 1.1 million 16 to 19-year-old males.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Urol. 2013 Jan;189(1):25-9. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.08.184. Epub 2012 Nov 16.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.juro.2012.08.184

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Leiba A; Kark JD; Afek A; Derazne E; Barchana M; Tzur D; Vivante A; Shamiss A

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Nephrology and Hypertension Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel. aleiba@mah.harvard.edu

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: The incidence of renal cell carcinoma has increased in recent decades, particularly among middle-aged adults. Early precursors of renal cancer remain unclear. We evaluated the association of body mass index and height determined in late adolescence, and paternal or grandpaternal country of origin with the risk of renal cell carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Health related data on 1,110,835  males at ages 16 to 19 years who were examined for fitness for military service between 1967 and 2005 were linked to the Israel National Cancer Registry in this  nationwide, population based cohort study. We used Cox proportional hazards modeling to estimate the HR of renal cell carcinoma associated with birth year, body mass index, height, father country of origin and socioeconomic indicators. RESULTS: During 19,576,635 person-years of followup renal cancer developed in 274 examinees. Substantial excess risk was conferred by a body mass index of greater  than 27.5 kg/m(2) compared to less than 22.5 kg/m(2) (HR 2.43, 95% CI 1.54-3.83,  p <0.0001). Asian or African origin was protective compared to European origin (African origin HR 0.67, 95% CI 0.49-0.92). CONCLUSIONS: Overweight in late adolescence is a substantial risk factor for renal cell carcinoma. European origin is independently associated with excess risk and it persists among Israeli born males. Preventing childhood obesity may be a promising target for decreasing the burden of renal cancer.

 

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[485]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - The effect of radiation technique and bladder filling on the acute toxicity of pelvic radiotherapy for localized high risk prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Radiother Oncol. 2012 Nov;105(2):193-7. doi: 10.1016/j.radonc.2012.09.020. Epub 2012 Nov 22.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.radonc.2012.09.020

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Jain S; Loblaw DA; Morton GC; Danjoux C; Szumacher E; Chu W; Chung HT; Vesprini D; Sahgal A; Zhang L; Deabreu A; Cheung PC

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Radiation Oncology, Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: The goal of this project was to see if using IMRT to deliver elective pelvic nodal irradiation (EPNI) for prostate cancer reduced acute treatment toxicity. METHODS: Two hundred and thirty patients were enrolled into prospective trials delivering EPNI with a concomitant hypofractionated IMRT boost to the prostate. During accrual, the method of EPNI delivery changed as new literature emerged. Three methods were used (1) 4FB, (2) IMRT with 2cm CTV margins around the pelvic vessels as suggested by Shih et al. (2005) [7] (IMRT-Shih), and (3) IMRT with nodal volumes suggested by the RTOG (IMRT-RTOG). Initially patients were treated with an empty bladder, with the remainder treated with bladder full. RESULTS: Patients in the 4FB group had higher rates of grade 2 acute GI toxicities compared to the IMRT-Shih and IMRT-RTOG groups (31.9% vs 20.8% vs 7.2%, p=0.0009). Patients in the 4FB group had higher rates of grade 3 urinary frequency compared to the two IMRT groups (8.5% vs 0% vs 0%, p=0.027). However, multivariate analysis suggested the factor that most influenced toxicity was bladder filling followed by IMRT. CONCLUSIONS: Bladder filling appeared to be the dominant factor which predicted for acute toxicity, followed by the use of IMRT.

 

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[486]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Antitumor effects of exogenous ganglioside GM3 on bladder cancer in an orthotopic cancer model.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Urology. 2013 Jan;81(1):210.e11-5. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2012.08.015. Epub 2012  Oct 24.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.urology.2012.08.015

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Wang H; Isaji T; Satoh M; Li D; Arai Y; Gu J

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China. hwangua@yahoo.com.cn

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - OBJECTIVE: To investigate the therapeutic effects of exogenous gangliosides GM3 on human bladder cancer cell lines and the severe combined immunodeficiency mouse model of orthotopic bladder cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Human bladder cancer cell lines YTS-1, T24, 5637, and KK47 were used in the study. In vitro cytotoxicity of GM3 was assessed using the cell counting kit-8. Cell adhesion was determined using a spreading assay. Phosphorylation of epidermal growth factor receptor was determined by Western blotting. In vivo, the orthotopic bladder cancer model was established using severe combined immunodeficiency mice and GM3  was administered intravesically by way of a transurethral catheter. RESULTS: GM3  inhibited the proliferation of all the bladder cancer cell lines tested. The addition of GM3 decreased cell adhesion and epidermal growth factor-dependent phosphorylation of epidermal growth factor receptor. Direct instillation of GM3 into the bladder of the orthotopic model significantly inhibited tumor growth. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest exogenous GM3 as a potential therapeutic agent for treating bladder cancer.

 

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[487]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Real-time magnetic resonance-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound focal therapy for localised prostate cancer: preliminary experience.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Eur Urol. 2013 Feb;63(2):395-8. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2012.11.002. Epub 2012 Nov  12.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.eururo.2012.11.002

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Napoli A; Anzidei M; De Nunzio C; Cartocci G; Panebianco V; De Dominicis C; Catalano C; Petrucci F; Leonardo C

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Radiology, University “La Sapienza,” Rome, Italy.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Five patients with unifocal, biopsy-proven prostate cancer (PCa) evident on multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were treated with magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) ablation before radical prostatectomy (RP). An endorectal probe featuring a phased-array focused ultrasound transducer was positioned for lesion ablation under MRI guidance. The  tissue temperature and accumulation of thermal damage in the target zone was monitored during the procedure by MRI thermometry. Overlap between the ablation area and the devascularisation of the target lesion was evaluated by contrast-enhanced MRI performed immediately after treatment. The procedure was uneventful, and no adverse events were observed. RP was safely performed without  significant surgical difficulties in relation to the previous MRgFUS treatment. The histopathology report showed extensive coagulative necrosis, with no residual tumour in the ablated area. Significant bilateral residual tumour, not evident on pretreatment MRI, was observed outside the treated area in two patients. MRgFUS ablation of focal localised PCa is feasible and, if confirmed in appropriate studies, could represent a valid option for the focal treatment of localised PCa.

 

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[488]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Polymorphisms in CYP17 and CYP3A4 and prostate cancer in men of African descent.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Prostate. 2013 May;73(6):668-76. doi: 10.1002/pros.22612. Epub 2012 Nov 5.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1002/pros.22612

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Taioli E; Sears V; Watson A; Flores-Obando RE; Jackson MD; Ukoli FA; de Syllos Colus IM; Fernandez P; McFarlane-Anderson N; Ostrander EA; Rodrigues IS; Stanford JL; Taylor JA; Tulloch-Reid M; Ragin CC

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - North Shore Long Island Jewish Health System, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York. taiolema@gmail.com.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: A meta and pooled analysis of published and unpublished case-control  studies was performed to evaluate the association of CYP17 (rs743572) and CYP3A4  (rs2740574) polymorphisms and prostate cancer (PCa) in men from the USA, Caribbean, and Africa. METHODS: Eight publications (seven studies) and two unpublished studies for CYP17 included 1,580 subjects (559 cases and 1,021 controls) and eleven publications and three unpublished studies for CYP3A4 included 3,400 subjects (1,429 cases and 1,971 controls). RESULTS: Overall, the CYP17 heterozygous and homozygous variants were not associated with PCa, but they confer a 60% increased risk of PCa in a sub-group analysis restricted to African-American men (T/C + C/C, OR: 1.6, 95% CI: 1.1-2.4). No associations were  observed for CYP3A4, overall and in stratified analyses for African-Americans and Africans. The pooled analysis suggests that after adjusting for study, age, PSA,  and family history of PCa, CYP17 was associated with PCa for men of African ancestry (Adjusted OR: 3.5, 95% CI: 1.2-10.0). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest  that genetic factors involved in the androgen pathway play a role in PCa risk among men of African ancestry. Prostate 73: 668-676, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

 

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[489]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Predictive tools for prostate cancer staging, treatment response and outcomes.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Arch Esp Urol. 2012 Nov;65(9):787-807.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Green DA; Osterberg EC; Xylinas E; Rink M; Karakiewicz PI; Scherr DS; Shariat SF

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - OBJECTIVES: Numerous predictive models relating to prostate cancer staging and outcomes have been described. We sought to review and categorize these predictive tools to create a comprehensive reference for physicians who treat prostate cancer. METHODS: We performed a search of MEDLINE literature from January 1966 to April 2012 to identify predictive models relating to prostate cancer staging, treatment, and outcomes in the pre-treated patient. For each model identified, we describe the outcome predicted, the variables comprising the model, the size of the cohort on which the tool was developed, predictive discrimination estimates,  and whether internal and/or external validation has been performed. RESULTS: We identified 80 predictive tools applicable to pre-treated prostate cancer patients, 30 of which had been externally validated. Tools designed to predict pathologic stage were the most common; several models focused on accurately predicting clinically insignificant prostate cancer while another large proportion focused on the prediction of locally advanced disease (i.e. extracapsular extension, seminal vesicle involvement, lymph node invasion). Other models described studied biochemical outcomes following radical prostatectomy, external beam radiotherapy, or brachytherapy. Very few models addressed the prediction of metastasis and survival. Finally, several tools incorporated novel  pre-treatment serum biomarkers or magnetic resonance imaging findings into base models to enhance the accuracy of standard clinicopathologic variables. CONCLUSION: To deliver optimal, individualized prostate cancer care, treatment should be tailored to the specific characteristics of each patient and each tumor. Predictive models may facilitate such an approach and are numerously described in the literature. While the performance of predictive models is encouraging, further improvement through inclusion of biomarkers as well as evaluation of their clinical utility is imperative. Optimally, predictive models  should be further studied in the prospective setting.

 

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[490]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Androgen receptor GGC polymorphism and testosterone levels associated with high risk of prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Mol Biol Rep. 2012 Nov 27.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s11033-012-2293-5

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Biolchi V; Neto BS; Pianta DB; Koff WJ; Berger M; Brum IS

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite 500, CEP 90050-170, Porto Alegre/RS, Brazil, vbiolchi@gmail.com.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Polymorphic GGC repeats in the androgen receptor (AR) gene can alter transactivation of androgen-responsive genes and increase the risk of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer (PCa). We investigated the association between GGC repeat length, testosterone levels and the risk of developing PCa and BPH in a population from southern Brazil. A sample comprising  130 PCa, 126 BPH and 88 control patients was evaluated. DNA was extracted from leukocytes and the AR gene was analyzed by fragment analysis. The hazard ratio (HR) was estimated. GGC mean length was not different between the three study groups. The risk of developing PCa in individuals with GGC > 19 was 3.300 (95 %CI 1.385-7.874) higher when compared to the GGC </= 19 group (p = 0.007). The risk of developing PCa and BPH in individuals with total testosterone levels <4 ng/mL  was 2.799 (95 % CI 1.362-5.754). (p = 0.005) and 2.786 (95 % CI 1.470-5.280) (p = 0.002), respectively. Total testosterone levels in patients with GGC > 19 were significantly lower when compared to patients in the GGC </= 19 group. Our data suggest that the presence of a high number of polymorphic GGC repeats in the AR gene is associated with an increased risk of developing PCa and BPH, and that lower testosterone levels also increase the risk of developing these diseases.

 

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[491]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Expression of MicroRNAs associated with Gleason grading system in prostate cancer: miR-182-5p is a useful marker for high grade prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Prostate. 2012 Nov 26. doi: 10.1002/pros.22626.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1002/pros.22626

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Tsuchiyama K; Ito H; Taga M; Naganuma S; Oshinoya Y; Nagano KI; Yokoyama O; Itoh H

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Division of Tumor Pathology, Department of Pathological Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan; Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Expression profiles of some microRNAs (miRNAs) were associated with clinicopathological findings in human prostate cancer (PC), but the relative expression of miRNAs among Gleason patterns (GPs) remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the expression of several known microRNAs in each GP of PC. METHODS: Formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissue samples were obtained from radical prostatectomy (RP) (patient set 1, n = 43, including (GP 3) n = 22,  (GP 4) n = 35, and (GP 5) n = 12) and needle biopsy (patient set 2, n = 10, (GP 4) n = 10). Cancer tissues from each GP and adjacent normal counterparts were separately collected using laser-captured microdissection (LCM). Real-time RT-PCR was performed to determine the relative expression of miRNAs, including miR-31-5p, -34c-5p, -96-5p, -182-5p, -183-5p, -205-5p, -221-3p, and -222-3p, which were currently reported to be involved in PC progression. RESULTS: In radical prostatectomy samples, relative expression of miR-31-5p, miR-34c-5p, and  miR-205-5p in any GP was significantly decreased compared to normal counterpart.  However, no significant difference was detected among GP 3, GP 4, and GP 5. Meanwhile, in the same GP4, expression of miR-31-5p miR-182-5p, and miR-205-5p in cancer tissues obtained from high grade cancer was significantly higher than those obtained from intermediate grade cancer. Validation study using biopsy samples revealed that the relative expression of miR-182-5p was statistically higher in high grade cancer even in same GP4. CONCLUSIONS: We confirmed the expression of miR-182-5p depended on the cancer grade even in same GP 4. Expression of miRNA associated with Gleason grading system may contribute to more accurate preoperative cancer risk evaluation. Prostate © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

 

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[492]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Genetic sequence variants are associated with severity of lower urinary tract symptoms and prostate cancer susceptibility.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Urol. 2013 Mar;189(3):845-8. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.11.044. Epub 2012 Nov 13.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.juro.2012.11.044

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Helfand BT; Hu Q; Loeb S; McVary KT; Catalona WJ

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, NorthShore University Health System,  Evanston, Illinois, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: While a clear heritable component underlies lower urinary tract symptoms and benign prostatic hyperplasia, few studies have identified specific genetic factors. In contrast, recent genome-wide association studies identified single nucleotide polymorphisms that increase prostate cancer risk. Some of these single nucleotide polymorphisms may also predispose to surgical intervention for benign  prostatic hyperplasia. We determined whether these single nucleotide polymorphisms are also associated with lower urinary tract symptom severity and benign prostatic hyperplasia medication use. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The genotypes of 38 single nucleotide polymorphisms previously associated with prostate cancer  risk were determined for 1,168 healthy white male volunteers. American Urological Association symptom index score and medication for benign prostatic hyperplasia were documented prospectively. Statistical analyses were done to compare the frequency of the single nucleotide polymorphisms with American Urological Association symptom index and benign prostatic hyperplasia medication use. RESULTS: Several single nucleotide polymorphisms, including rs2736098 on chromosome 5p15, showed a significant relationship with benign prostatic hyperplasia medication. After adjusting for the other genetic variants, patient age and medication use, rs1571801 on chromosome 9q33.2 (OR 1.31, 95% CI 1.0-1.74) and rs5945572 on chromosome Xp11 (OR 1.28, 95% CI 1.04-1.59) were significantly associated with increased urinary symptoms. In contrast, rs445114 on chromosome 8q24 was marginally associated with decreased urinary symptoms (OR 0.83, 95% CI 0.66-1.01). CONCLUSIONS: Of 38 single nucleotide polymorphisms that predispose to prostate cancer we identified 3 that are also associated with a well characterized lower urinary tract symptom phenotype. These single nucleotide polymorphisms may aid in the improved characterization of men with lower urinary  tract symptoms/benign prostatic hyperplasia.

 

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[493]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Cost effectiveness of treatment options for early prostate cancer: can we put the puzzle pieces together?

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Eur Urol. 2013 Feb;63(2):411-2. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2012.11.025. Epub 2012 Nov  16.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.eururo.2012.11.025

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Xie F

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - McMaster University, Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, 2000-25 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8P 1H1, Canada. fengxie@mcmaster.ca

 

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[494]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Protective effects of low calcium intake and low calcium absorption vitamin D receptor genotype in the California Collaborative Prostate Cancer Study.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2013 Jan;22(1):16-24. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-12-0922-T. Epub 2012 Nov 5.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1158/1055-9965.EPI-12-0922-T

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Rowland GW; Schwartz GG; John EM; Ingles SA

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: High calcium intake is consistently associated with increased prostate cancer risk in epidemiologic studies. We previously reported that the positive association between calcium intake and risk of aggressive prostate cancer was modified by the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the CDX-2 binding site of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene, among African American men. METHODS: We expanded our previous study to include White men, a population with a higher calcium intake and a higher prevalence of the low absorption allele. We also examined VDR polymorphisms at other loci unrelated to calcium absorption. The study included 1,857 prostate cancer cases (1,140 with advanced stage at diagnosis, 717 with localized stage) and 1,096 controls. OR were estimated using  conditional logistic regression. RESULTS: Among both Blacks and Whites, we observed a threshold for calcium intake (604 mg/d) below which prostate cancer risk declined sharply. Low calcium intake was most strongly associated with decreased risk among men with the VDR Cdx2 low calcium absorption genotype (P for interaction = 0.001 and P = 0.06 for Whites and African Americans, respectively). Among all men with this genotype, those in the lowest quartile of calcium intake  (</=604 mg/d) had a 50% reduction in risk as compared with those in the upper three quartiles [OR = 0.49; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.36-0.67]. The association between calcium intake and prostate cancer risk was not modified by genotype at other VDR loci. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings support the hypothesis that genetic determinants of calcium absorption influence prostate cancer risk. IMPACT: The differences between African Americans and Whites in calcium absorption and dietary calcium intake may contribute to racial disparities in prostate cancer incidence and mortality rates.

 

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[495]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Clinical significance of UNC5B expression in bladder cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Tumour Biol. 2012 Oct 2.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s13277-012-0532-y

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Liu J; Zhang Z; Li ZH; Kong CZ

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, China.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - UNC5B is a membrane-bound receptor of the neural guidance factor netrin-1 family, with important roles in angiogenesis, neurogenesis, embryonic development, cancer, inflammation and various pathologies. However, its effect on bladder cancer has not been reported. To investigate the association of UNC5B expression  with bladder cancer prognosis, 100 cases of clinical bladder cancer and adjacent  noncancerous tissue samples, and four bladder cancer cell lines were selected using RT-PCR, Western blot, immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry to investigate differential expression and cellular positioning of UNC5B, and its relationship with clinicopathological parameters. In 72 % of cases, UNC5B was expressed in both bladder cancer and adjacent noncancerous tissue samples. Expression of UNC5B in bladder cancer tissues increased significantly as cancer stage increased (P < 0.05); UNC5B emerged more in bladder cancer cell lines with  lower degrees of malignancy than those with higher degrees of malignancy; UNC5B expression in bladder cancer cells was significantly reduced compared to normal bladder cells (P < 0.05). UNC5B mRNA was down-expressed in about 28 % of bladder  cancer tissues. Low UNC5B expression was an independent risk factor for postoperative recurrence in patients with different stages and grades bladder cancer. Furthermore, patients with lower UNC5B expression in tumors had significantly higher recurrence rate after curative surgery and poorer prognosis  than those with higher UNC5B expression, suggesting that UNC5B could be used to predict prognosis and recurrence.

 

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[496]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Editorial comment.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Urol. 2013 Jan;189(1):92. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.08.261. Epub 2012 Nov 14.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.juro.2012.08.261

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Wood BJ; Choyke P; Turkbey B; Pinto P

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Center for Interventional Oncology, Urologic Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

 

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[497]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Editorial comment.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Urol. 2013 Jan;189(1):91-2. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.08.260. Epub 2012 Nov 14.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.juro.2012.08.260

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Ukimura O

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Institute of Urology, University of Southern California/Norris Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.

 

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[498]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Dietary folate and folate vitamers and the risk of prostate cancer in The Netherlands Cohort Study.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Cancer Causes Control. 2012 Dec;23(12):2003-11. doi: 10.1007/s10552-012-0079-7. Epub 2012 Oct 30.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s10552-012-0079-7

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Verhage BA; Cremers P; Schouten LJ; Goldbohm RA; van den Brandt PA

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Epidemiology, School for Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands. bas.verhage@maastrichtuniversity.nl

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to examine the association between intake of folate, and specific folate vitamers, and the risk of advanced and total prostate cancer. METHODS: The association between dietary folate and prostate cancer risk was evaluated in The Netherlands Cohort Study (NLCS) on diet and cancer, conducted among 58,279 men ages 55-69 years at baseline. Information  on diet was collected at baseline by means of food frequency questionnaires. Incident cases were identified by record linkage with regional cancer registries  and the Dutch National Database of Pathology Reports. After 17.3 years of follow-up, 3,669 incident prostate cancer cases, of which 1,290 advanced cases, and 2,336 male subcohort members were available for case-cohort analyses. RESULTS: Dietary folate was not associated with prostate cancer risk, nor with the risk of advanced prostate cancer, among men in the NLCS cohort (HR = 1.05, 95 % CI: 0.87-1.26 and HR = 1.09, 95 % CI: 0.88-1.35, respectively, for the highest  quintile of folate intake vs. the lowest quintile). Specific folate vitamers were neither associated with the risk of prostate cancer or risk of advanced prostate  cancer. CONCLUSIONS: Our results do not support an association of dietary folate  or specific folate vitamers on the risk of prostate cancer, or advanced prostate  cancer.

 

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[499]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Metabolic syndrome associated with reduced lower urinary tract symptoms in middle-aged men receiving health checkup.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Urology. 2012 Nov;80(5):1093-7. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2012.08.002.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.urology.2012.08.002

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Yang TK; Hsieh JT; Chen SC; Chang HC; Yang HJ; Huang KH

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Cardinal Tien Hospital, Yonghe Branch, New Taipei City, Taiwan.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - OBJECTIVE: To investigate the impact of metabolic syndrome on lower urinary tract symptoms in a sample of middle-aged men receiving a health checkup. METHODS: Subjects aged 45 years or older who voluntarily underwent a medical checkup were  enrolled. Participant demographics and health history were collected by a self-administered questionnaire. All participants were stratified into 2 groups by the presence of metabolic syndrome, as defined according to the updated National Cholesterol Education Program’s Adult Treatment Panel III. Prostate volume and prostate-specific antigen levels were used for subgroup analysis. RESULTS: During January through December of 2010, 708 subjects with a mean age of 55.6 +/- 9.72 years were enrolled into the study. Compared to the nonmetabolic syndrome group, the metabolic syndrome group had lower total international prostatic symptoms score (7.89 +/- 6.63 vs 6.85 +/- 6.52, P = .05) and lower severity of weak urinary stream (1.24 +/- 1.60 vs 0.95 +/- 1.50, P = .021). In the higher prostate volume group (prostate volume >/= 30 mL), total international prostatic symptoms score, storage score, and urinary frequency, urgency and incomplete emptying were lower in men vs those without metabolic syndrome (all P  < .05). The negative association between voiding score, severity of lower urinary tract symptoms, and metabolic syndrome became particularly pronounced as the number of metabolic syndrome factors increased (P for trend < .01). CONCLUSION: We confirmed that metabolic syndrome had favorable effects on lower urinary tract symptoms, including voiding and storage symptoms in healthy middle-aged men. This beneficial effect was most significant in men with enlarged prostate and/or high  prostate specific antigen levels.

 

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[500]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Is repeat prostate biopsy associated with a greater risk of hospitalization? Data from SEER-Medicare.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Urol. 2013 Mar;189(3):867-70. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.10.005. Epub 2012 Oct 9.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.juro.2012.10.005

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Loeb S; Carter HB; Berndt SI; Ricker W; Schaeffer EM

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, New York University, New York, New York 10016, USA. stacyloeb@gmail.com

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: We recently reported an increasing risk over time of hospitalization among Medicare participants after undergoing an initial prostate biopsy. Less is  known about the relative risks of repeat prostate biopsies, which are frequently  performed in prostate cancer screening and in active surveillance programs. We determined whether repeat biopsies are associated with an increased risk of hospitalization compared to the initial biopsy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using SEER (Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results)-Medicare linked data from 1991 to 2007 we identified 13,883 men who underwent a single prostate biopsy and 3,640 who had multiple biopsies. The 30-day hospitalization rates were compared between these groups, and with a randomly selected control population of 134,977. ICD-9 codes were then used to examine the frequency of serious infectious and noninfectious urological complications as the primary diagnosis for hospital admissions. RESULTS: Initial and repeat biopsies were associated with a significantly increased risk of hospitalization within a 30-day period compared to randomly selected controls (p <0.0001). However, the repeat biopsy session was not associated with a greater risk of infectious (OR 0.81, 95% 0.49-1.32, p = 0.39) or serious noninfectious urological complications (OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.54-1.62, p = 0.82) compared to the initial biopsy. CONCLUSIONS: Each biopsy was associated with a significant risk of complications compared to randomly selected controls. However, the repeat biopsy procedure itself was not associated with a greater risk of serious complications requiring hospital admission compared to the initial biopsy.

 

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[501]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Selecting the Optimal Candidate for Adjuvant Radiotherapy After Radical Prostatectomy for Prostate Cancer: A Long-term Survival Analysis.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Eur Urol. 2012 Oct 26. pii: S0302-2838(12)01267-5. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2012.10.036.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.eururo.2012.10.036

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Abdollah F; Suardi N; Cozzarini C; Gallina A; Capitanio U; Bianchi M; Sun M; Fossati N; Passoni NM; Fiorino C; Di Muzio N; Karakiewicz PI; Rigatti P; Montorsi F; Briganti A

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Vita-Salute University, San Raffaele, Milan, Italy. Electronic address: Firas.abdollah@gmail.com.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: The role of adjuvant radiotherapy (ART) after radical prostatectomy (RP) on survival of patients with prostate cancer (PCa) is still controversial. OBJECTIVE: We tested the impact of ART on cancer-specific mortality (CSM) and overall mortality (OM) in PCa patients according to pathologic PCa features. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: We evaluated 1049 PCa patients treated with RP and extended pelvic lymph node dissection alone or in combination with adjuvant treatments between 1998 and 2008. All patients had positive surgical margins and/or pT3/pT4 disease with or without positive lymph nodes. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Cox regression analyses tested the relationship between pathologic characteristics and CSM rates. Independent predictors of survival were used to develop a novel risk score based on the number of risk factors. Finally,  Cox regression models tested the relationship between ART and survival according  to the number of risk factors. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: On multivariable analyses, only pathologic Gleason score >/=8, pT3b/T4 stage, and presence of positive lymph nodes represented independent predictors of CSM (all p </= 0.02).  The cumulative number of these pathologic findings was used to develop a risk score, which was 0, 1, 2, and 3 in 43.6%, 22.1%, 20.7%, and 13.6% of patients, respectively. In patients sharing more than two mentioned predictors of CSM (primarily having a risk score of 0 or 1), ART did not significantly improve survival (all p >/= 0.4). Conversely, in patients with a risk score >/=2, ART was associated with lower CSM and OM rates (all p=0.006). The observational nature of the cohort represents a limitation of the study. CONCLUSIONS: ART significantly improved survival only in patients with at least two of the following pathologic  features at RP: Gleason score >/=8, pT3/pT4 disease, and positive lymph nodes. These patients represent the ideal candidates for ART after RP.

 

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[502]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - miQ-A novel microRNA based diagnostic and prognostic tool for prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Int J Cancer. 2012 Nov 27. doi: 10.1002/ijc.27973.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1002/ijc.27973

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Larne O; Martens-Uzunova E; Hagman Z; Edsjo A; Lippolis G; den Berg MS; Bjartell A; Jenster G; Ceder Y

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry, Lund University, Malmo, Sweden.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Today, the majority of prostate tumors are detected at early stages with uncertain prognosis. Therefore, we set out to identify early predictive markers of prostate cancer with aggressive progression characteristics. We measured the expression of microRNAs (miRNA) using qRT-PCR in formalin fixed and paraffin embedded prostatic tissue samples from a Swedish cohort of 49 patients with prostate cancer and 25 without cancer and found seven of 13 preselected miRNAs to discriminate between the two groups. Subsequently, four discriminatory miRNAs were combined to a quota, denoted the miRNA index quote (miQ); ((miR-96-5p x miR-183-5p)/(miR-145-5p x miR221-5p)). The advantage of using a quote is increased discrimination, no need for house-keepings, and most important it may be an advantage considering the heterogeneity of the disease. miQ was found to successfully predict diagnosis (p < 0.0001) with high accuracy (area under the curve, AUC = 0.931) that was verified in an independent Dutch cohort and three external cohorts, and significantly outperforming prostate-specific antigen. Importantly, miQ also has prognostic power to predict aggressiveness of tumors (AUC = 0.895), metastatic statues (AUC = 0.827) and overall survival (p = 0.0013, Wilcoxon test HR = 6.5, median survival 2 vs. 5 years), verified in the Dutch cohort. In this preliminary study, we propose that miQ has potential to be used as a clinical tool for prostate cancer diagnosis and as a prognostic marker of disease progression.

 

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[503]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D(3) modulates lipid metabolism in prostate cancer cells through miRNA mediated regulation of PPARA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2012 Oct 8. pii: S0960-0760(12)00202-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2012.09.033.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.jsbmb.2012.09.033

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Wang WL; Welsh J; Tenniswood M

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New  York, Albany, NY 12222, United States; Cancer Research Center, University at Albany State University of New York, 1 Discovery Drive, Rensselaer, NY 12144, United States. Electronic address: wwang3@albany.edu.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Previous studies from our laboratory have shown that testosterone (T) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (1,25(OH)(2)D(3)) co-operate to inhibit cell proliferation and induce significant changes in gene expression and differentiation in LNCaP cells. The data presented here demonstrate that the two  agents alter fatty acid metabolism, and accumulation of neutral lipid. Concurrent genome wide analysis of mRNA and miRNA in LNCaP cells reveals an extensive transcription regulatory network modulated by T and 1,25(OH)(2)D(3). This involves not only androgen receptor (AR)- and vitamin D receptor (VDR)-mediated transcription, but also transcription factors E2F1- and c-Myc-dependent transcription. Changes in the activities of these transcription factors alter the steady state levels of several miRNAs, including the miR-17/92 cluster. These changes correlate with the up-regulation of the mRNA encoding peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARA) and its downstream targets, leading to increased lipogenesis. These data suggest that the coordinated effect of T and 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) in prostate cancer cells increases lipogenesis, diverting energy  away from Warburg-based tumor energy metabolism, which slows or halts cell growth and tumor progression. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled ‘Vitamin  D Workshop’.

 

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[504]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Inhibition of mTORC2 but not mTORC1 Up-Regulates E-Cadherin Expression and Inhibits Cell Motility by Blocking HIF-2alpha Expression in Human Renal Cell Carcinoma.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Urol. 2012 Nov 9. pii: S0022-5347(12)05475-4. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.11.010.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.juro.2012.11.010

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Maru S; Ishigaki Y; Shinohara N; Takata T; Tomosugi N; Nonomura K

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Kahoku-gun, Ishikawa, Japan; Department of Urology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: Molecular targeted drugs, such as mTORC1 inhibitors, have been clinically popularized for advanced renal cell carcinoma treatment but metastasis is still a serious concern. mTORC2 has several important functions, including HIF-2alpha activation in malignant cells. HIF-2alpha suppresses E-cadherin expression, which is associated with tumor invasion and metastasis. We investigated whether mTORC2 regulates E-cadherin expression and controls cell motility during HIF-2alpha down-regulation in renal cell carcinoma cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We used PP242, a dual inhibitor of mTORC1/mTORC2 and the mTORC1 specific inhibitor rapamycin. E-cadherin expression in 786-O cells was examined using real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blot and immunocytochemical staining. Cell motility was analyzed by time-lapse microscopy  and wound healing assay. RESULTS: High E-cadherin expression was found in RCC4/VHL cells but low levels were found in VHL defective RCC4 and 786-O cells. HIF-2alpha expression was suppressed only in RCC4/VHL cells. In 786-O cells HIF-2alpha inhibition induced by the dual mTORC1/C2 inhibitor PP242 (0.05 to 0.5  mumol/L) resulted in a dose dependent increase in E-cadherin expression and the restored E-cadherin was localized at cell-to-cell junctions. Treatment with the mTORC1 inhibitor rapamycin resulted in no significant change. The migration of PP242 treated cells was significantly suppressed compared with those treated with rapamycin. CONCLUSIONS: Results show that mTORC2 might regulate E-cadherin expression and suppress cell motility by controlling the mTORC2-HIF-2alpha signaling pathway. The dual inhibitor of mTORC1/C2 as a cadherin regulatory agent may be a novel therapeutic strategy with tumoricidal agents for advanced renal cell carcinoma.

 

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[505]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - High precision bladder cancer irradiation by integrating a library planning procedure of 6 prospectively generated SIB IMRT plans with image guidance using lipiodol markers.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Radiother Oncol. 2012 Nov;105(2):174-9. doi: 10.1016/j.radonc.2012.08.011. Epub 2012 Sep 27.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.radonc.2012.08.011

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Meijer GJ; van der Toorn PP; Bal M; Schuring D; Weterings J; de Wildt M

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Catharina Hospital Eindhoven, The Netherlands. g.j.meijer@umcutrecht.nl

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: To increase local control and decrease side effects for urinary bladder  cancer patients by integrating a library planning procedure with image guidance using lipiodol markers. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Twenty patients with T2-T4N0M0 grade 2-3 invasive bladder carcinoma were treated according to an online adaptive protocol. Initially, the gross tumour volume (GTV) was demarcated during cystoscopy by injecting several drops of lipiodol in the submucosa around the tumour. Subsequently two CT scans were acquired with a full bladder and a voided  bladder. On both scans, the boost volume (GTV) and the low-risk bladder volume were delineated. Using an interpolation tool, six concomitant boost IMRT plans with increasing bladder volumes were generated. For each fraction the procedure at the treatment unit was as follows: Firstly, a ConeBeam-CT was acquired and based on the amount of bladder filling the best fitting bladder contours and corresponding GTV and IMRT plans were selected. Secondly, the lipiodol markers were registered using the corresponding GTV contours and it was verified that the corresponding 95%-isodose surface covered the entire bladder. Finally, an online  setup correction was applied based on this registration and the corresponding treatment plan was irradiated. RESULTS: The lipiodol markers were very useful in  outlining the GTV at the planning CT and for daily setup correction. While the patients strived for a full bladder filling at time of the treatment, this was seldom accomplished. Due to our protocol an appropriate plan with adequate coverage of the PTV and without excessive dose to healthy tissue was delivered every day. The treatment was very well tolerated by all patients. At the end of the treatment no grade 3 urinary or gastro-intestinal toxicity was observed. After a median follow-up of 28 months two local relapses occurred. CONCLUSION: Using the library planning approach combined with online image guidance using lipiodol markers, we were able to deliver a highly conformal dose distribution to all bladder cancer patients achieving promising clinical results.

 

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[506]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - MAGE-A10 cancer/testis antigen is highly expressed in high-grade non-muscle-invasive bladder carcinomas.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Int J Cancer. 2013 May 15;132(10):2459-63. doi: 10.1002/ijc.27914. Epub 2012 Nov  16.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1002/ijc.27914

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Mengus C; Schultz-Thater E; Coulot J; Kastelan Z; Goluza E; Coric M; Spagnoli GC; Hudolin T

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - ICFS, Departments of Surgery and Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland. cmengus@uhbs.ch.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Bladder cancer is a common urinary malignancy and a prevalent cause of cancer-related death. Current therapies of early stage non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) are frequently associated with undesirable toxicities and  recurrence. Active antigen-specific immunotherapy may provide a valid therapeutic option for patients with NMIBC. Cancer-testis antigens (CTA) expressed in various tumour types and in a limited range of healthy tissues may represent potential targets for specific immunotherapy. MAGE-A10 is probably the most immunogenic antigen of the MAGE-A family. We evaluated the expression of MAGE-A10 in NMIBC. Seventy-nine patients undergoing surgical treatment for NMIBC were enrolled in the study. MAGE-A10 gene expression was assessed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Immunohistochemistry was performed on paraffin-embedded sections. MAGE-A10 gene was specifically expressed in one-third of NMIBC (n = 24: 32.43%). Gene expression was correlated with high tumour grade. MAGE-A10 protein was exclusively detectable in nuclei of tumour cells. More importantly, MAGE-A10 protein was also more frequently detectable in high-grade tumours (p = 0.0001) and in stage T1 tumours invading subepithelial tissue or lamina propria (p = 0.01). A strong correlation between MAGE-A10 staining score and tumour grade and stage could accordingly be observed. These data indicate that MAGE-A10 expression is a feature of aggressive NMIBC and might be used as a  novel target for specific immunotherapy of these cancers.

 

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[507]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Smoking and survival after radical cystectomy for bladder cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Urology. 2012 Dec;80(6):1307-12. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2012.08.026. Epub 2012 Oct 5.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.urology.2012.08.026

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Lee C; Kim KH; You D; Jeong IG; Hong B; Hong JH; Ahn H; Kim CS

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - OBJECTIVE: To present our long-term follow-up data to investigate whether cigarette smoking is associated with the prognosis of bladder cancer after radical cystectomy. Despite the close link between cigarette smoking and the development of bladder cancer, little is known about the influence of cigarette smoking on the bladder cancer prognosis after radical cystectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The cigarette smoking status of 602 patients who had undergone radical cystectomy for bladder cancer was determined using questionnaires completed before surgery. The effect of cigarette smoking on recurrence-free survival, cancer-specific survival, and overall survival was determined. RESULTS: Of the 340 patients with a smoking history, 159 were current smokers. The smokers were younger (P = .001) and more likely to be male (P = .001) than were the nonsmokers. The 5-year recurrence-free survival rate of the smokers and nonsmokers was 62.1% and 56.8% (P = .182), the 5-year cancer-specific survival rate was 67.3%, 63.9% (P = .436), and the 5-year overall survival rate was 63.0%  and 58.8% (P = .309), respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that smoking was not an independent predictor of recurrence-free survival or cancer-specific survival. After adjusting for other prognostic variables, cigarette smoking status (non-, ex-, or current smoker), cumulative exposure, and years from smoking cessation were not associated with cancer-specific survival (P = .378, P  = .827, and P = .876, respectively). CONCLUSION: The results of the present study found no association between cigarette smoking and the prognosis of bladder cancer after radical cystectomy.

 

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[508]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Xenotransplanted human prostate carcinoma (DU145) cells develop into carcinomas and cribriform carcinomas: ultrastructural aspects.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Ultrastruct Pathol. 2012 Oct;36(5):294-311. doi: 10.3109/01913123.2012.708472.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 3109/01913123.2012.708472

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Gilloteaux J; Jamison JM; Neal DR; Summers JL; Taper HS

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Anatomical Sciences, St George’s University International School of Medicine, at Northumbria University-School of Life Sciences, Drill Hall 013, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK. jgilloteaux@sgu.edu

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Androgen-independent, human prostate carcinoma cells (DU145) develop into solid,  carcinomatous xenotransplants on the diaphragm of nu/nu mice. Tumors encompass at least two poorly differentiated cell types: a rapidly dividing, eosinophilic cell comprises the main cell population and a few, but large basophilic cells able to  invade the peritoneal stroma, the muscular tissue, lymph vessels. Poor cell contacts, intracytoplasmic lumina, and signet cells are noted. Lysosomal activities are reflected by entoses and programmed cell deaths forming cribriform carcinomas. In large tumors, degraded cells may align with others to facilitate formation of blood supply routes. Malignant cells would spread via ascites and through lymphatics.

 

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[509]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Preoperative staging of invasive bladder cancer with dynamic gadolinium-enhanced  magnetic resonance imaging: results from a prospective study.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Urology. 2012 Dec;80(6):1313-8. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2012.07.056. Epub 2012 Oct 4.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.urology.2012.07.056

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Daneshmand S; Ahmadi H; Huynh LN; Dobos N

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Institute of Urology, USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California 90089-2211, USA. daneshma@med.usc.edu

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the accuracy of dynamic gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DGE-MRI) to detect extravesical bladder cancer (BC) and lymph  node-positive disease in patients with invasive BC. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In a prospective single-center study from 2004 to 2009, patients with clinically invasive BC, who were candidates for curative surgery, underwent preoperative DGE-MRI. Radiologic T and N staging was determined by 2 MRI expert radiologists,  and the interobserver agreement was calculated. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and accuracy of radiologic staging in differentiating lymph node-negative organ-confined vs nonorgan-confined BC and negative vs positive nodal disease was determined and compared with the postoperative pathologic staging as the reference standard method. RESULTS: A total of 122 patients (72 men) with a mean age of 67.8 years were included. Pathologic examination revealed invasive BC in 80/122 (65.5%), including stage pT4 in 15/122 (12.3%), pT3 in 27/122 (22.1%), and pT2 in 38/122 (31.1%), and 27 patients (22.1%) had node-positive disease. The interobserver agreement for T and N staging according to the kappa score was 0.44 and 0.49, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of DGE-MRI in differentiating lymph node-negative organ-confined from nonorgan-confined BC was 87.5%, 47.6%, and 74%  and for the detection of positive nodal disease was 40.7%, 91.5%, and 80.3%, respectively. CONCLUSION: We have presented the results of the largest cohort of  patients with invasive BC underwent preoperative DGE-MRI. Although DGE-MRI improved T and N staging of invasive BC, it is still not the ideal modality and needs a standardized protocol for interpretation of the imaging findings.

 

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[510]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Along the pituitary-testis-prostate axis, serum total testosterone is a significant preoperative variable independently contributing to separating the prostate cancer population into prostatectomy Gleason score groups.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Anticancer Res. 2012 Nov;32(11):5015-22.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Porcaro AB; Petrozziello A; Ghimenton C; Migliorini F; Sava T; Caruso B; Cocco C; Romano M; Artibani W

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Urologic Clinic, Verona, Italy. drporcaro@yahoo.com

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - AIM: To investigate, along the pituitary- testis- prostate axis, the potential of preoperative serum TT in contributing to defining separate prostatectomy Gleason  score (pGS) groups of the prostate cancer (PC) population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The data of 126 patients operated on for PC were retrospectively reviewed. No patient had previously received 5alpha-reductase inhibitor, luteinizing hormone (LH)-releasing hormone analogs or testosterone replacement treatment. The patient population was grouped according to the prostatectomy Gleason score (pGS) as 6=3+3, 7=3+4, 7=4+3 and 8-10. Twelve variables were simultaneously investigated in each group: age, prolactin (PRL), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), LH, total testosterone (TT), free testosterone (FT), estradiol (Er), prostate specific antigen (PSA), percentage of prostate biopsy positive cores (P+), biopsy Gleason score (bGS), overall cancer volume estimated as percentage of prostate volume (V+) and prostate weight (Wi). Univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA), multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and multivariate discriminant analysis were the statistical methods used for evaluating the data. RESULTS: There were 38 patients in pGS 6=3+3, 57 in pGS 7=3+4, 15 in pGS 7=4+3 and 16 in pGS 8-10. ANOVA showed that bGS (p<0.0001), P+ (p<0.0001), V+ (p<0.0001), PSA (p=0.02), Wi (p=0.001) and TT (p=0.04) were significantly different in the four pGS groups. MANOVA tests showed that only bGS (p<0.0001) and TT (p=0.005) were the significant variables that individually and independently contributed a significant amount to separation of the four pGS groups of the PC population. Multivariate discriminant analysis confirmed that TT (p=0.005) and bGS (p<0.0001) were the only variables that independently and significantly contributed to separating the pGS groups. CONCLUSION: along the pituitary- testis- prostate axis, serum TT is a significant preoperative variable that independently contributes to separating the prostate cancer population into pGS score groups. Pretreatment baseline serum TT levels should be measured for their inclusion in nomograms and future neural networks to be considered in the patient population diagnosed with PC.

 

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[511]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Words of wisdom. Re: Preexisting BCG-specific T cells improve intravesical immunotherapy for bladder cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Eur Urol. 2012 Nov;62(5):935-6. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2012.08.043.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.eururo.2012.08.043

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Messing EM

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY, USA. Edward_Messing@urmc.rochester.edu

 

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[512]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Does benign prostatic hyperplasia treatment with alpha-blockers affect prostate cancer risk?

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Curr Opin Urol. 2013 Jan;23(1):2-4. doi: 10.1097/MOU.0b013e32835abcf2.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1097/MOU.0b013e32835abcf2

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Loeb S; Gupta A; Losonczy L; Tosoian J; Walsh PC

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, New York University, New York, New York, USA. stacyloeb@gmail.com

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To determine whether alpha-blockers, commonly used for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia, are associated with prostate cancer risk. RECENT FINDINGS: Alpha-blockers have been associated with a reduced risk of prostate cancer aggressiveness in some observational studies and an increased risk in other studies. However, this relationship is complex as different alpha-blockers have divergent effects in laboratory studies and there are many confounders in daily practice such as differential screening practices. SUMMARY:  Both benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer are common conditions in the aging male population, such that an interaction between alpha-blockers and prostate cancer risk is clinically relevant. Prospective evidence is necessary to establish a definitive link.

 

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[513]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - The natural history of penile length after radical prostatectomy: a long-term prospective study.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Urology. 2012 Dec;80(6):1293-6. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2012.07.060. Epub 2012 Oct 23.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.urology.2012.07.060

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Vasconcelos JS; Figueiredo RT; Nascimento FL; Damiao R; da Silva EA

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Service of Urology, Pedro Ernesto Memorial Hospital, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - OBJECTIVE: To describe the penile length after radical prostatectomy (RP) in a long-term follow-up. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We evaluated prospectively the penile length of 105 patients with localized prostate cancer treated by open RP. Participants using therapy for penile rehabilitation were excluded from statistical analysis. Measurements of the stretched penis were taken preoperatively and at 3, 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, and 60 months postoperatively. The International Index of Erectile Function-Erectile Function (IIEF-EF) questionnaire was used to evaluate erectile function. The penile anthropometric measure used was the stretched length of the flaccid penis, from the pubopenile skin angle to the end of the glans, after the prepubic fat was depressed under maximum manual traction. RESULTS: The mean stretched penile length 3 months after RP decreased an average of 1 cm from baseline (P <.001). This mean difference persisted until 24 months. At 36 months, the penile length differed 0.6 cm. At 48 months (-0.3 cm) and 60 months (+0.4 cm), the mean differences in penile length before and after RP were not significant (P = .080 and P = .065, respectively). Erectile function was a predictor for early return of penile length. CONCLUSION:  Nearly 1 cm of penile shortening after RP may be expected up to 12 months. However, a trend toward recovery of penile length occurs after 24 months of follow-up and is completely re-established after 48 months. The preserved erectile function after RP is a predictor for penile length recovery.

 

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[514]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - ETS variant 1 regulates matrix metalloproteinase-7 transcription in LNCaP prostate cancer cells.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Oncol Rep. 2013 Jan;29(1):306-14. doi: 10.3892/or.2012.2079. Epub 2012 Oct 16.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 3892/or.2012.2079

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Shin S; Oh S; An S; Janknecht R

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Prostate cancer is characterized by the recurrent translocation of ETS transcription factors, including ETS variant 1 (ETV1) [also known as ETS-related  81 (ER81)]. Transgenic ETV1 mice develop prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, yet the mechanisms by which ETV1 exerts its deleterious function remain largely unexplored. In this study, we demonstrated that ETV1 is capable of binding to the matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7) gene promoter both in vitro and in vivo. ETV1  stimulated the activity of the MMP-7 promoter, which was suppressed upon mutation of two ETV1 binding sites located within 200 base pairs upstream of the MMP-7 transcription start site. ETV1 overexpression in human LNCaP prostate cancer cells induced endogenous MMP-7 gene transcription, whereas ETV1 downregulation had the opposite effect. While MMP-7 overexpression did not influence LNCaP cell  proliferation, it increased cell migration, which may be important during later stages of tumorigenesis. Finally, MMP-7 mRNA was significantly overexpressed in human prostate tumors compared to normal tissue. Together, these results showed that MMP-7 is a bona fide ETV1 target gene, implicating that MMP-7 upregulation is partially responsible for the oncogenic effects of ETV1 in the prostate.

 

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[515]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Genetic polymorphisms on 8q24.1 and 4p16.3 are not linked with urothelial carcinoma of the bladder in contrast to their association with aggressive upper urinary tract tumours.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - World J Urol. 2013 Feb;31(1):53-9. doi: 10.1007/s00345-012-0954-6. Epub 2012 Sep  28.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s00345-012-0954-6

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Yates DR; Roupret M; Drouin SJ; Audouin M; Cancel-Tassin G; Comperat E; Bitker MO; Cussenot O

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Academic Department of Urology and Pathology of la Pitie-Salpetriere, Tenon Hospital, Groupe Hospitalo-Universitaire Est, Assistance Publique, Hopitaux de Paris, Faculte de Medecine Pierre et Marie Curie, University Paris VI, Paris, France. d.yates@sheffield.ac.uk

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: Bladder urothelial carcinoma (bladder-UC) displays distinct genotypic differences compared to upper tract UC (UTUC). We recently reported specific 8q24 SNP variants confer susceptibility to UTUC and aggressive disease features. Herein, we evaluate a bladder-UC cohort to see whether similar polymorphisms are  linked similarly same way with disease risk and aggressiveness. METHODS: 231 bladder-UC patients and 261 benign controls were matched for gender, age, ethnicity and smoking habits. We retrospectively retrieved information on tumour  stage, grade, size, multiplicity, carcinoma in situ and tumour number. DNA was extracted from paraffin-embedded primary bladder-UC samples and blood of benign controls. Genotyping of rs9642880[T] (8q24.1) and rs798766[T] (4p16.3) was performed using commercially available Taqman(®) assays and the ABI 7000 Sequence Detector. RESULTS: Using a case-control analysis, bladder-UC risk was increased in individuals carrying the T/T genotype of rs9642880 [OR = 1.72 (95 %  CI 1.1-2.8); p = 0.028] and rs798766 [OR = 1.84 (95 % CI 0.9-2.3); p = 0.01]. When analysing parameters of bladder-UC aggressiveness, the T/T genotypes for rs9642880 and rs798766 were not found to be associated with either grade [OR = 0.89 (95 % CI 0.52-1.32; p = 0.68) and OR = 0.95 (95 % CI 0.58-1.48; p = 0.61), respectively] or pathological stage [OR = 0.79 (95 % CI 0.42-1.48; p = 0.46) and  OR = 0.90 (95 % CI 0.49-1.61; p = 0.72), respectively]. SNP variability of rs9642880[T] and rs798766[T] is associated with an increased risk of bladder-UC but we did not find an association with disease aggressiveness as we did previously for UTUC. CONCLUSIONS: This is further evidence of the distinct genetic differences that exist between bladder-UC and UTUC, and it is not possible to extrapolate results of genetic studies between these two urothelial disease entities.

 

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[516]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Solitary osteoclast-like giant cell tumor of the kidney: a case report.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Urology. 2012 Nov;80(5):e67-8. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2012.06.047.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.urology.2012.06.047

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Sevcenco S; Kuehhas FE; Heinz-Peer G; Kostler W; Susani M; Haitel A; Klingler HC

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Osteoclast-like giant cell tumors are very uncommon and originate in osseous and  tendinous tissues. However, they are also very rarely found in visceral organs. The kidney is extremely rarely affected by this tumor entity; usually osteoclast-like giant cell tumors are associated with papillary renal cell carcinoma. We present the third case in the literature of a solitary osteoclast-like giant cell tumor in the kidney of an 89-year-old man and give a short overview of the current literature.

 

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[517]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - EGFR 3’UTR 774T>C polymorphism contributes to bladder cancer risk.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Mutagenesis. 2013 Jan;28(1):49-55. doi: 10.1093/mutage/ges051. Epub 2012 Oct 1.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1093/mutage/ges051

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Chu H; Wang M; Jin H; Lv Q; Wu D; Tong N; Ma L; Shi D; Zhong D; Fu G; Yuan L; Qin C; Yin C; Zhang Z

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Molecular & Genetic Toxicology, Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing 210029, China.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Much evidence show that over-expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) plays an important role in regulating carcinogenesis. Genetic variations in 3’ untranslated region (3’UTR) of gene have been reported to affect gene expression by interfering with microRNAs (miRNAs), which are thought to function  as either tumour suppressors or oncogenes by binding to their target mRNA. In this study, we investigated the association between the EGFR 3’UTR 774T>C polymorphism and bladder cancer risk. We used the TaqMan technology to genotype this genetic variant in a hospital-based case-control study of 908 bladder cancer patients and 1239 controls in a Chinese population. We found that the 774CC genotype was associated with a statistically significantly increased risk of bladder cancer [adjusted odds ratio = 1.29, 95% confidence interval = 1.05-1.58], compared with the 774TT/TC genotype, and this increased risk was more pronounced  among subgroups of age > 65 years, non-smokers and patients’ tumour invasive stage. Furthermore, luciferase assays in T24 cell showed that EGFR 3’UTR 774 T to C substitution could increase the expression of EGFR, which was consistent with the association study finding. Additionally, we also provide evidence that 774T>C polymorphism increasing EGFR expression was not regulated by hsa-miR-214 binding. These findings suggested that EGFR 3’UTR 774T>C polymorphism may contribute to susceptibility to bladder cancer.

 

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[518]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Prominin-1 (CD133) Expression in the Prostate and Prostate Cancer: A Marker for Quiescent Stem Cells.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Adv Exp Med Biol. 2013;777:167-84. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4614-5894-4_11.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/978-1-4614-5894-4_11

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Pellacani D; Oldridge EE; Collins AT; Maitland NJ

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - YCR Cancer Research Unit, Department of Biology, University of York, Wentworth Way, YO10 5DD, York, UK.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - The origin and phenotype of stem cells in human prostate cancer remains a subject of much conjecture. In this scenario, CD133 has been successfully used as a stem  cell marker in both normal prostate and prostate cancer. However, cancer stem cells have been identified without the use of this marker, opening up the possibility of a CD133 negative cancer stem cell. In this chapter, we review the  current literature regarding prostate cancer stem cells, with specific reference  to the expression of CD133 as a stem cell marker to identify and purify stem cells in normal prostate epithelium and prostate cancer.

 

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[519]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Prediction of Cancer Specific Survival After Radical Nephroureterectomy for Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma: Development of an Optimized Postoperative Nomogram Using Decision Curve Analysis.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Urol. 2012 Oct 24. pii: S0022-5347(12)05335-9. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.10.057.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.juro.2012.10.057

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Roupret M; Hupertan V; Seisen T; Colin P; Xylinas E; Yates DR; Fajkovic H; Lotan Y; Raman JD; Zigeuner R; Remzi M; Bolenz C; Novara G; Kassouf W; Ouzzane A; Rozet F; Cussenot O; Martinez-Salamanca JI; Fritsche HM; Walton TJ; Wood CG; Bensalah K; Karakiewicz PI; Montorsi F; Margulis V; Shariat SF

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Academic Department of Urology and Division of Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York Presbyterian-Hospital, New York, New York; Academic Department of Urology of la Pitie-Salpetriere Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Faculte de Medecine Pierre et Marie Curie, University Paris VI, Paris, France. Electronic address: morgan.roupret@psl.aphp.fr.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: We conceived and proposed a unique and optimized nomogram to predict cancer specific survival after radical nephroureterectomy in patients with upper  tract urothelial carcinoma by merging the 2 largest multicenter data sets reported in this population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The international and the French national collaborative groups on upper tract urothelial carcinoma pooled data on 3,387 patients treated with radical nephroureterectomy for whom full data for nomogram development were available. The merged study population was randomly split into the development cohort (2,371) and the external validation cohort (1,016). Cox regressions were used for univariable and multivariable analyses, and to build different models. The ultimate reduced nomogram was assessed using Harrell’s concordance index (c-index) and decision curve analysis. RESULTS: Of the 2,371 patients in the nomogram development cohort 510 (21.5%) died of upper tract urothelial carcinoma during followup. The actuarial cancer specific survival probability at 5 years was 73.7% (95% CI 71.9-75.6). Decision curve analysis revealed that the use of the best model was associated with benefit gains relative to the prediction of cancer specific survival. The optimized nomogram included only 5 variables associated with cancer specific survival on multivariable analysis, those of age (p = 0.001), T stage (p <0.001), N stage (p  = 0.001), architecture (p = 0.02) and lymphovascular invasion (p = 0.001). The discriminative accuracy of the nomogram was 0.8 (95% CI 0.77-0.86). CONCLUSIONS:  Using standard pathological features obtained from the largest data set of upper  tract urothelial carcinomas worldwide, we devised and validated an accurate and ultimate nomogram, superior to any single clinical variable, for predicting cancer specific survival after radical nephroureterectomy.

 

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[520]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - In vivo non-ionizing photoacoustic mapping of sentinel lymph nodes and bladders with ICG-enhanced carbon nanotubes.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Phys Med Biol. 2012 Dec 7;57(23):7853-62. doi: 10.1088/0031-9155/57/23/7853. Epub 2012 Nov 14.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1088/0031-9155/57/23/7853

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Koo J; Jeon M; Oh Y; Kang HW; Kim J; Kim C; Oh J

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Korea.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - We demonstrate the feasibility of mapping a sentinel lymph node (SLN) and urinary bladder by using modified single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) as a nonionizing photoacoustic (PA) contrast agent. To improve the PA sensitivity, indocyanine green (ICG) was conjugated with SWNTs and the optical absorption of SWNTs-ICG was enhanced by approximately four times compared to that of plain SWNTs at a concentration of 0.3 microM. In vivo PA imaging results showed that the SLN and bladder were clearly visualized due to accumulation of SWNTs-ICG. This implies that the SWNTs-ICG could be potentially utilized to identify SLNs in breast cancer patients and tracking vesicoureteral reflux in combination with PA imaging.

 

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[521]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Expression of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A in bladder cancer: Association with  prognosis and regulation by estrogen.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Mol Carcinog. 2012 Nov 9. doi: 10.1002/mc.21978.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1002/mc.21978

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Izumi K; Li Y; Ishiguro H; Zheng Y; Yao JL; Netto GJ; Miyamoto H

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical  Center, Rochester, New York.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Although UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A (UGT1A) plays an important role in preventing bladder cancer initiation by detoxifying carcinogenic compounds, its contribution to bladder cancer progression is poorly understood. We immunohistochemically stained for UGT1A in bladder specimens. UGT1A was positive  in 130/145 (90%; 28 [19%] weak, 53 [37%] moderate, and 49 [34%] strong) urothelial neoplasms, which was significantly weaker than in matched non-neoplastic urothelial tissues (100/101 [99%]; 2 [2%] weak, 17 [17%] moderate, and 81 [80%] strong). Fifty (98%) of 51 low-grade/79 (99%) of 80 non-muscle-invasive tumors were immunoreactive to UGT1A, whereas 80 (85%) of 94 high-grade/51 (78%) of 65 muscle-invasive tumors were UGT1A-positive. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed strong associations between lower UGT1A expression versus the risk of recurrence in high-grade non-muscle-invasive tumors (P = 0.038) or disease-specific mortality in muscle-invasive tumors (P = 0.016). Multivariate analysis further revealed UGT1A loss as an independent prognosticator for disease-specific mortality in patients with muscle-invasive tumor (P = 0.010). Additionally, the expression of UGT1A was positively and negatively correlated with those of estrogen receptor-alpha and estrogen receptor-beta, respectively. We then assessed UGT1A/Ugt1a levels in human cell lines/mouse tissues. 17beta-Estradiol increased and decreased UGT1A expression in normal urothelium and bladder cancer lines, respectively, and an anti-estrogen abolished these effects. Ovariectomy in mice resulted in down-regulation of Ugt1a subtypes. These results suggest the involvement of UGT1A in not only bladder carcinogenesis but tumor progression. Moreover, UGT1A is likely regulated by estrogens in non-neoplastic urothelium versus bladder tumor in opposite manners,  which could be underlying mechanisms of gender-specific differences in bladder cancer incidence and progression. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

 

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[522]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - microRNA expression profile in a large series of bladder tumors: Identification of a 3-miRNA signature associated with aggressiveness of muscle-invasive bladder  cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Int J Cancer. 2013 Jun 1;132(11):2479-91. doi: 10.1002/ijc.27949. Epub 2013 Feb 25.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1002/ijc.27949

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Pignot G; Cizeron-Clairac G; Vacher S; Susini A; Tozlu S; Vieillefond A; Zerbib M; Lidereau R; Debre B; Amsellem-Ouazana D; Bieche I

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Hopital Cochin, AP-HP, Paris F-75014, France; Universite Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Faculte de Sciences et de Medecine, Paris F-75006, France. gg_pignot@yahoo.fr.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression levels of microRNAs (miRNAs) in bladder tumors in order to identify miRNAs involved in bladder carcinogenesis  with potential prognostic implications. Expression levels of miRNAs were assessed by quantitative real-time RT-PCR in 11 human normal bladder and 166 bladder tumor samples (86 non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and 80 muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC)). The expression level of 804 miRNAs was initially measured in a well-defined series of seven NMIBC, MIBC and normal bladder samples (screening set). The most strongly deregulated miRNAs in tumor samples compared to normal bladder tissue were then selected for RT-PCR validation in a well-characterized independent series of 152 bladder tumors (validation set), and in six bladder cancer cell lines. Expression levels of these miRNAs were tested for their association with clinical outcome. A robust group of 15 miRNAs was found to be significantly deregulated in bladder cancer. Except for two miRNAs, miR-146b and miR-9, which were specifically upregulated in MIBC, the majority of  miRNAs (n = 13) were deregulated in the same way in the two types of bladder tumors, irrespective of pathological stage : three miRNAs were upregulated (miR-200b, miR-182 and miR-138) and the other 10 miRNAs were downregulated (miR-1, miR-133a, miR-133b, miR-145, miR-143, miR-204, miR-921, miR-1281, miR-199a and miR-199b). A 3-miRNA signature (miR-9, miR-182 and miR-200b) was found to be related to MIBC tumor aggressiveness and was associated with both recurrence-free and overall survival in univariate analysis with a trend to significance in the multivariate analysis (p = 0.05). Our results suggested a promising individual prognostic value of these new markers.

 

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[523]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of the prostate: improved robustness with stretched exponential modeling.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Comput Assist Tomogr. 2012 Nov-Dec;36(6):695-703. doi: 10.1097/RCT.0b013e31826bdbbd.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1097/RCT.0b013e31826bdbbd

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Mazaheri Y; Afaq A; Rowe DB; Lu Y; Shukla-Dave A; Grover J

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York,  NY, USA. mazahery@mskcc.org

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: This study aimed to compare the intraclass correlation coefficients of parameters estimated with stretched exponential and biexponential diffusion models of in vivo diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the prostate. METHODS: After the institutional review board issued a waiver of informed consent for this Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act-compliant study, 25 patients with biopsy-proven prostate cancer underwent 3T  endorectal MRI and diffusion-weighted MRI of the prostate at 10 b values (0, 45,  75, 105, 150, 225, 300, 600, 900, and 1200 s/mm). The full set of b values was collected twice within a single acquisition. Intraclass correlation coefficients  were calculated for intra-acquisition variability. From the biexponential model,  the quantitative parameters diffusion coefficient (D), perfusion coefficient (D*), and perfusion fraction (f) were estimated. From the stretched exponential model, the quantitative parameters Kohlrausch decay constant (DK) and alpha (alpha) were estimated. RESULTS: For the 25 patient data sets, the average intraclass correlation coefficients for DK and alpha were 95.8%, and 64.1%, respectively, whereas those for D, D*, and f were 84.4%, 25.3%, and 41.3%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The stretched exponential diffusion model captures the nonlinear effects of intravoxel incoherent motion in the prostate. The parameters derived from this model are more reliable and reproducible than the parameters derived from the standard, widely used biexponential diffusion/perfusion model.

 

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[524]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Editorial comment.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Urol. 2013 Jan;189(1):266; discussion 266-7. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.09.175. Epub 2012 Nov 20.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.juro.2012.09.175

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Romao R; Lorenzo AJ

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Surgery, IWK Health Center, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.

 

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[525]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - A whole-blood RNA transcript-based prognostic model in men with castration-resistant prostate cancer: a prospective study.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Lancet Oncol. 2012 Nov;13(11):1105-13. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(12)70263-2. Epub 2012 Oct 9.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/S1470-2045(12)70263-2

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Ross RW; Galsky MD; Scher HI; Magidson J; Wassmann K; Lee GS; Katz L; Subudhi SK; Anand A; Fleisher M; Kantoff PW; Oh WK

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Division of Solid Tumor Oncology, Department of Medicine, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Survival for patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer is highly variable. We assessed the effectiveness of a whole-blood RNA transcript-based model as a prognostic biomarker in castration-resistant prostate cancer. METHODS: Peripheral blood was prospectively collected from 62 men with castration-resistant prostate cancer on various treatment regimens who were enrolled in a training set at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (Boston, MA, USA)  from August, 2006, to June, 2008, and from 140 patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer in a validation set from Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (New York, NY, USA) from August, 2006, to February, 2009. A panel of 168 inflammation-related and prostate cancer-related genes was assessed with optimised quantitative PCR to assess biomarkers predictive of survival. FINDINGS: A six-gene model (consisting of ABL2, SEMA4D, ITGAL, and C1QA, TIMP1, CDKN1A) separated patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer into two risk groups: a low-risk group with a median survival of more than 34.9 months (median  survival was not reached) and a high-risk group with a median survival of 7.8 months (95% CI 1.8-13.9; p<0.0001). The prognostic utility of the six-gene model  was validated in an independent cohort. This model was associated with a significantly higher area under the curve compared with a clinicopathological model (0.90 [95% CI 0.78-0.96] vs 0.65 [0.52-0.78]; p=0.0067). INTERPRETATION: Transcriptional profiling of whole blood yields crucial prognostic information about men with castration-resistant prostate cancer. The six-gene model suggests  possible dysregulation of the immune system, a finding that warrants further study. FUNDING: Source MDX.

 

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[526]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Erratum to: Influence of Positive Surgical Margin Status After Radical Nephroureterectomy on Upper Urinary Tract Urothelial Carcinoma Survival.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Ann Surg Oncol. 2012 Nov 19.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1245/s10434-012-2742-3

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Colin P; Ouzzane A; Yates DR; Audenet F; Pignot G; Arvin-Berod A; de Treigny OM; Laurent G; Valeri A; Irani J; Saint F; Gardic S; Gres P; Rozet F; Neuzillet Y; Ruffion A; Roupret M

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Academic Department of Urology, CHRU Lille, Lille Nord de France University, Lille, France, pierre.colin@chru-lille.fr.

 

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[527]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Treatment for liver metastasis from renal cell carcinoma with computed-tomography-guided high-dose-rate brachytherapy (CT-HDRBT): a case series.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - World J Urol. 2012 Nov 7.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s00345-012-0981-3

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Geisel D; Collettini F; Denecke T; Grieser C; Florcken A; Wust P; Hamm B; Gebauer B

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Charite, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany, dominik.geisel@charite.de.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: To retrospectively analyze the clinical outcome of patients with hepatic metastases from renal cell carcinoma who were treated with computed-tomography-guided high-dose-rate brachytherapy (CT-HDRBT). METHODS: Ten  patients (7 men and 3 women; median age 72 +/- 7.9 years) with a total number of  16 hepatic metastases from histologically proven renal cell carcinoma were treated with CT-HDRBT after discussing the case in an interdisciplinary tumor conference. All patients had underwent nephrectomy before CT-HDRBT. Three patients had extrahepatic manifestations (2 lung and 1 bone). Six patients had received immunotherapy or targeted therapy before CT-HDRBT. Follow-up included gadoxetic acid (Gd-EOB-DTPA) enhanced MRI two times within 6-8 weeks and after that every 3 months after treatment to evaluate treatment efficacy. RESULTS: Mean follow-up time was 21.6 +/- 13.7 months. One patient developed local and systemic (pulmonary and osseous) progression after 10.8 months which was treated with targeted therapy and died 20.3 months after CT-HDRBT. None of the remaining nine  patients developed local progression or died during the follow-up period. Five patients developed systemic progression (3 pulmonary, 1 osseous and 1 locally at  the site of nephrectomy) after an average of 19.7 +/- 5.5 months. CONCLUSIONS: CT-HDRBT is a viable alternative to hepatic resection of liver metastases from renal cell carcinoma in selected patients.

 

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[528]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - CCL11 (eotaxin-1): A new diagnostic serum marker for prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Prostate. 2013 May;73(6):573-81. doi: 10.1002/pros.22597. Epub 2012 Oct 11.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1002/pros.22597

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Agarwal M; He C; Siddiqui J; Wei JT; Macoska JA

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, The University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor,  Michigan.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: The recent recommendation of the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force  against PSA-based screening for prostate cancer was based, in part, on the lack of demonstrated diagnostic utility of serum PSA values in the low, but detectable range to successfully predict prostate cancer. Though controversial, this recommendation reinforced the critical need to develop, validate, and determine the utility of other serum and/or urine transcript and protein markers as diagnostic markers for PCa. The studies described here were intended to determine whether inflammatory cytokines might augment serum PSA as a diagnostic marker for prostate cancer. METHODS: Multiplex ELISA assays were performed to quantify CCL1, CCL2, CCL5, CCL8, CCL11, CCL17, CXCL1, CXCL5, CXCL8, CXCL10, CXCL12, and IL-6 protein levels in the serum of 272 men demonstrating serum PSA values of <10 ng/ml and undergoing a 12 core diagnostic needle biopsy for detection of prostate cancer. Logistic regression was used to identify the associations between specific chemokines and prostate cancer status adjusted for prostate volume, and  baseline PSA. RESULTS: Serum levels for CCL1 (I-309) were significantly elevated  among all men with enlarged prostates (P < 0.04). Serum levels for CCL11 (Eotaxin-1) were significantly elevated among men with prostate cancer regardless of prostate size (P < 0.01). The remaining 10 cytokines examined in this study did not exhibit significant correlations with either prostate volume or cancer status. CONCLUSIONS: Serum CCL11 values may provide a useful diagnostic tool to help distinguish between prostatic enlargement and prostate cancer among men demonstrating low, but detectable, serum PSA values. Prostate 73: 573-581, 2013.  © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

 

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[529]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Molecular therapy is advancing with drugs that target pathways relevant for several cancers. Foreword.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - BJU Int. 2012 Oct;110 Suppl 1:1-2. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11427.x.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11427.x

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Boccon-Gibod L

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - CHU Hopital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France. laurent.boccongibod@gmail.com

 

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[530]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Quantitative Tc-99m DTPA renal transplant scintigraphy predicts graft survival in the very early postoperative period.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Nucl Med Commun. 2012 Dec;33(12):1292-9. doi: 10.1097/MNM.0b013e328359db96.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1097/MNM.0b013e328359db96

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Gupta SK; Lewis G; Rogers K; Attia J

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, John Hunter Hospital, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Early evaluation of renal allograft prognosis is important for identification and targeted management of ‘at-risk’ grafts but is difficult in the absence of established tests. Tc-99m diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid renal transplant scintigraphy is a useful noninvasive method for assessing graft  function. We aimed to assess the relative role of quantitative scintigraphic parameters in the immediate postoperative period for the assessment of short-term and long-term prognoses. METHODS: Data from 290 dynamic renal transplant scintigraphy procedures, performed on 161 recipients on day 1 (D1) or day 4 (D4)  after transplantation, were analysed to derive various perfusion parameters [Kirchner’s Index, Hilson’s Index (HI), kidney-to-aorta ratio and DeltaP] as well as nonperfusion parameters (graft washout t (1/2), P : PI ratio, P : U ratio, R20/3, T10 and T20) using regions of interest within the whole renal graft and iliac artery. Information on graft survival up to 1 year (as a measure of short-term prognosis) and serum creatinine at 1 year (regarded as a predictor for longer-term prognosis) was collected. Mann-Whitney tests, receiver-operating characteristic curve analyses and odds ratios were used to assess the utility of  each parameter in stratifying the risk for graft failure within 1 year. Correlations between each parameter and 1-year serum creatinine were tested using Spearman’s rank correlation. RESULTS: Eleven grafts failed within 1 year. All perfusion parameters on both D1 and D4 showed significant differences between the failure and survival groups (P=0.026-0.0005). No significant between-group differences were observed for nonperfusion parameters except for R20/3 on D1 (P=0.0298). Receiver-operating characteristic analysis showed moderate accuracy for HI and DeltaP on both D1 and D4 (area under the curve: 0.73-0.84); DeltaP of  longer than 6.0 s on D4 was associated with 24.9 times higher relative risk for graft failure within 1 year (sensitivity 88% and specificity 83%). For the assessment of long-term prognosis, a moderate correlation was found between most  perfusion parameters (Kirchner’s Index, HI and kidney-to-aorta ratio on both D1 and D4) and 1-year serum creatinine (rho=0.40-0.50; P </= 0.0001). The nonperfusion parameters showed only weak correlation. CONCLUSION: Perfusion assessment using HI and DeltaP is useful in the assessment of graft prognosis. This can be achieved as early as D1 and D4 after transplantation.

 

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[531]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Expression of beclin 1 in bladder cancer and its clinical significance.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Int J Biol Markers. 2012 Nov 5:0. doi: 10.5301/JBM.2012.9769.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 5301/JBM.2012.9769

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Liu GH; Zhong Q; Ye YL; Wang HB; Hu LJ; Qin ZK; Zeng MS; Zeng BH

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou medical college, Guangzhou - China.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Background: The aim of this study is to explore the expression of beclin 1, an autophagy gene, in bladder cancer and to evaluate its clinical and prognostic significance in patients with bladder cancer. Methods: Beclin 1 expression was examined at mRNA and protein levels by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry in bladder cancer tissues and adjacent normal bladder tissues. The relationship between the expression of beclin 1 and clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis was  statistically analyzed.Results: mRNA level, protein expression and immunoreactivity of beclin 1 were decreased in bladder cancer tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues. Downregulation of beclin 1 was more frequent in tumors with higher histological grades (the expression of beclin 1 was reduced by 49.0% in G1 and G2, and by 71.8% in G3, p=0.010), and was also reduced by 69.5% in the muscle invasive type and by 51.1% in the non-muscle invasive type (p=0.04). Reduced beclin 1 expression was positively associated with higher histological grade and more advanced clinical stage (p&lt;0.05). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that patients exhibiting lower beclin 1 expression experienced a shorter survival than those with higher expression (p=0.006). Cox proportional hazards regression analysis showed that beclin 1 protein is an independent predictor of survival (p=0.005).Conclusion: Beclin 1 has an influence on the progression of bladder cancer and might serve as a potential prognostic factor for patients with bladder cancer.

 

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[532]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - p53 Immunohistochemistry expression in wilms tumor: a prognostic tool in the detection of tumor aggressiveness.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Urol. 2013 Feb;189(2):664-70. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.09.115. Epub 2012 Oct 1.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.juro.2012.09.115

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Franken J; Lerut E; Van Poppel H; Bogaert G

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology and Department of Pathology (EL), University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: We studied whether immunohistochemical expression of p53 in Wilms tumors correlates with tumor aggressiveness. We also examined whether preoperative chemotherapy results in any alteration of p53 expression. MATERIALS AND METHODS:  A total of 18 patients underwent preoperative chemotherapy and 30 underwent immediate surgery for Wilms tumor. All children were younger than 10 years and had histologically confirmed disease. Patients with a bilateral tumor or a syndrome related to Wilms tumor were excluded. All pathology slides were uniformly stained for p53 protein, and p53 staining density and intensity were scored. The p53 scoring was then compared to the clinical behavior of the Wilms tumor, ie unfavorable tumor staging, and survival and recurrence rates. RESULTS:  In the direct surgery and the preoperatively treated groups p53 positivity correlated with unfavorable Wilms tumor staging (p = 0.007). In addition, a positive p53 correlation predicted poorer survival (p = 0.017). Interestingly patients who underwent preoperative chemotherapy had an increased intensity of p53 staining compared to the direct surgery group (p <0.001). CONCLUSIONS: This study provides preliminary evidence that a higher score for immunohistochemical p53 expression correlates with unfavorable Wilms tumor staging and predicts poorer survival. This test could become a useful addition to the current histopathological analysis of Wilms tumor.

 

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[533]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Human epididymis protein 4 is up-regulated in gastric and pancreatic adenocarcinomas.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Hum Pathol. 2012 Oct 16. pii: S0046-8177(12)00275-4. doi: 10.1016/j.humpath.2012.07.017.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.humpath.2012.07.017

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - O’Neal RL; Nam KT; Lafleur BJ; Barlow B; Nozaki K; Lee HJ; Kim WH; Yang HK; Shi C; Maitra A; Montgomery E; Washington MK; El Rifai W; Drapkin RI; Goldenring JR

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Nashville VA Medical Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Epithelial Biology Center and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer  Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232 USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Upper gastrointestinal neoplasia in the esophagus, stomach, and pancreas is associated with the formation of preneoplastic metaplasias. We have previously reported the up-regulation of human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) in all metaplasias in the stomach of humans and mice. We have now sought to evaluate the expression  of HE4 in metaplasias/preneoplastic precursors and cancers of the human stomach,  pancreas, and esophagus. Tissue microarrays for gastric cancers, pancreatic cancers, and esophageal adenocarcinoma were stained with antibodies against HE4.  Immunostaining was quantified by digital imaging, and the results were evaluated  to assess the expression in metaplasias, the expression in cancer pathological subtypes, and the effects of expression on survival in patients with cancer. In patients with gastric cancer from Korea, HE4 was detected in 74% of intestinal and 90% of diffuse cancers, whereas in a gastric cancer cohort from Johns Hopkins, HE4 was detected in 74% of intestinal-type and 92% of diffuse cancers. Nevertheless, in both cohorts, there was no impact of HE4 expression on overall survival. In the esophagus, we observed the expression of HE4 in scattered endocrine cells within Barrett esophagus samples, but Barrett columnar metaplasias and HE4 were detected in only 2% of esophageal adenocarcinomas. Finally, in the pancreas, HE4 expression was not observed in pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia lesions, but 46.8% of pancreatic adenocarcinomas expressed HE4. Still, we did not observe any influence of HE4 expression on survival. The results suggest that HE4 is up-regulated during gastric and pancreatic carcinogenesis.

 

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[534]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Bovine papillomavirus type 2 infects the urinary bladder of water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) and plays a crucial role in bubaline urothelial carcinogenesis.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Gen Virol. 2013 Feb;94(Pt 2):403-8. doi: 10.1099/vir.0.047662-0. Epub 2012 Oct  24.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1099/vir.0.047662-0

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Roperto S; Russo V; Ozkul A; Sepici-Dincel A; Maiolino P; Borzacchiello G; Marcus I; Esposito I; Riccardi MG; Roperto F

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Dipartimento di Patologia e Sanita Animale, Sezione Malattie Infettive, Facolta di Medicina Veterinaria, Universita di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy. sante.roperto@unina.it

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Bovine papillomavirus type 2 (BPV-2) has been shown to infect and play a role in  urinary bladder carcinogenesis of buffaloes grazed on pastures with ferns from the Marmara and Black Sea Regions of Turkey. BPV-2 DNA has been found in both neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions of the urinary bladder. Furthermore, this virus may be a normal inhabitant of the urinary bladder since BPV-2 DNA has also  been detected in clinically normal buffaloes. The viral activation by fern immunosuppressant or carcinogen may trigger the urothelial cell transformation. The E5 oncoprotein was solely detected in urothelial tumours and appeared to be co-localized with the overexpressed and phosphorylated platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) beta receptor in a double-colour immunofluorescence assay. Our results indicate that the E5-PDGF beta receptor interaction also occurs in spontaneous tumours of the bubaline urinary bladder, revealing an additional role of BPV-2 in bladder carcinogenesis of buffaloes.

 

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[535]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Clinical and Pathologic Impact of Select Chromatin-modulating Tumor Suppressors in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Eur Urol. 2013 May;63(5):848-54. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2012.09.005. Epub 2012 Sep 27.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.eururo.2012.09.005

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Hakimi AA; Chen YB; Wren J; Gonen M; Abdel-Wahab O; Heguy A; Liu H; Takeda S; Tickoo SK; Reuter VE; Voss MH; Motzer RJ; Coleman JA; Cheng EH; Russo P; Hsieh JJ

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Urology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Historically, VHL was the only frequently mutated gene in clear cell  renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), with conflicting clinical relevance. Recent sequencing efforts have identified several novel frequent mutations of histone modifying and chromatin remodeling genes in ccRCC including PBRM1, SETD2, BAP1, and KDM5C. PBRM1, SETD2, and BAP1 are located in close proximity to VHL within a  commonly lost (approximately 90%) 3p locus. To date, the clinical and pathologic  significance of mutations in these novel candidate tumor suppressors is unknown.  OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of and render the first clinical and pathologic outcome associated with mutations of these novel candidate tumor suppressors in ccRCC. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Targeted sequencing was  performed in 185 ccRCCs and matched normal tissues from a single institution. Pathologic features, baseline patient characteristics, and follow-up data were recorded. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: The linkage between mutations and clinical and pathologic outcomes was interrogated with the Fisher exact test (for stage and Fuhrman nuclear grade) and the permutation log-rank test (for cancer-specific survival [CSS]). RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: PBRM1, BAP1,  SETD2, and KDM5C are mutated at 29%, 6%, 8%, and 8%, respectively. Tumors with mutations in PBRM1 or any of BAP1, SETD2, or KDM5C (19%) are more likely to present with stage III disease or higher (p=0.01 and p=0.001, respectively). Small tumors (<4cm) with PBRM1 mutations are more likely to exhibit stage III pathologic features (odds ratio: 6.4; p=0.001). BAP1 mutations tend to occur in Fuhrman grade III-IV tumors (p=0.052) and are associated with worse CSS (p=0.01). Clinical outcome data are limited by the number of events. CONCLUSIONS: Most mutations of chromatin modulators discovered in ccRCC are loss of function, associated with advanced stage, grade, and possibly worse CSS. Further studies validating the clinical impact of these novel mutations and future development of therapeutics remedying these tumor suppressors are warranted.

 

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[536]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Postoperative pelvic hypofractionated accelerated radiotherapy with cytoprotection (HypoARC) for high-risk or recurrent prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Anticancer Res. 2012 Oct;32(10):4561-8.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Koukourakis MI; Papadopoulou A; Abatzoglou I; Panteliadou M; Sismanidou K; Touloupidis S

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Radiotherapy Oncology, Democritus University of Thrace, University  Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - AIM: We evaluated the feasibility and efficacy of postoperative hypofractionated  and accelerated radiotherapy supported with amifostine cytoprotection (HypoARC) in patients with high-risk or recurrent prostate cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Fourty-eight patients were recruited (median follow-up=41 months; range=12-84 months). Twenty-one received HypoARC after surgery and 27 at biochemical relapse. Radiotherapy was given with a 3D-conformal technique, delivering 2.7 Gy/day to the pelvis and 3.4 Gy to the peri-prostatic region for 14 fractions. A 15th fraction increased the total dose to the peri-prostatic area to 51 Gy (15x3.4 Gy) in 19 days. Amifostine was delivered before each radiotherapy fraction at an individualized (by tolerance) dose (0-1000 mg). RESULTS: Amifostine was delivered subcutaneously at 1000 mg in 35/48 (72.9%) patients, while lower doses were tolerated by the remaining patients. Twenty-six (54.2%) patients accomplished therapy without delays, while acute toxicities enforced 1 to 2 week delays in 11/48 patients (22.9%). Grade 2 proctitis was noted in 18.7%, while substantial bleeding occurred in 8.3% of patients. Grade 1 dysurea was noted in 27.1%, while  diarrhea grade 2 appeared in 10.4% of patients. High amifostine dose was linked to a significant reduction of proctitis (p=0.04). No severe late toxicities were  noted. Within a median of 41 months, 7/48 (14.6%) patients exhibited post-radiotherpy biochemical failure (in four due to metastasis). High-dose (1000 mg) amifostine defined a significantly better outcome (p=0.004), an effect sustained on multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION: Postoperative HypoARC is feasible with low-grade early and late toxicities, and emerges as a candidate for evaluation in randomized trials. The three-fold reduction of the overall treatment time renders HypoARC appealing for busy radiotherapy departments.

 

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[537]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Mash1 expression is induced in neuroendocrine prostate cancer upon the loss of Foxa2.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Prostate. 2013 May;73(6):582-9. doi: 10.1002/pros.22598. Epub 2012 Oct 11.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1002/pros.22598

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Gupta A; Yu X; Case T; Paul M; Shen MM; Kaestner KH; Matusik RJ

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Neuroendocrine (NE) prostate tumors and neuroendocrine differentiation (NED) in prostatic adenocarcinomas have been associated with poor prognosis. In this study, we used the TRAMP mouse model that develops NE prostate tumors to identify key factors that can lead to NED. We have previously reported that NE tumors express the forkhead transcription factor, Foxa2, Mash1 (mouse achaete scute homolog-1), as well as Synaptophysin. In TRAMP, the prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) first expresses Foxa2 and Synaptophysin, which then progresses to NE cancer. In order to determine if Foxa2 is dispensable for development or maintenance of NE cancer, a conditional knock-out of Foxa2 in TRAMP mice was generated by breeding mice with two floxed alleles of Foxa2 and one copy of Nkx3.1-Cre. Nkx3.1-Cre/Foxa2(loxP/loxP) mice showed loss of Foxa2 expression in embryonic prostatic buds. No expression of Foxa2 was seen in the adult prostate in either conditional null or control mice. Foxa2 is universally expressed in all wild type TRAMP NE tumors, but Mash1 expression is seen only in a few samples in  a few cells. With the loss of Foxa2 in the NE tumors of the TRAMP/Nkx3.1-Cre/Foxa2(loxP/loxP) mice, the expression of the pro-neuronal gene Mash1 is upregulated. NE tumors from both the TRAMP control and Foxa2-deficient TRAMP prostate express Synaptophysin and SV40 Large T-antigen, and both show a loss of androgen receptor expression in NE cells. These studies suggest that the  TRAMP NE tumors can form in the absence of Foxa2 by an up regulation of Mash1. Prostate 73: 582-589, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

 

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[538]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - A steep radioiodine dose response scalable to humans in sodium-iodide symporter (NIS)-mediated radiovirotherapy for prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Cancer Gene Ther. 2012 Dec;19(12):839-44. doi: 10.1038/cgt.2012.68. Epub 2012 Oct 5.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1038/cgt.2012.68

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Trujillo MA; Oneal MJ; McDonough S; Qin R; Morris JC

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - The sodium-iodide symporter (NIS) directs the uptake and concentration of iodide  in thyroid cells. We have extended the use of NIS-mediated radioiodine therapy to prostate cancer. We have developed a prostate tumor specific conditionally replicating adenovirus that expresses hNIS (Ad5PB_RSV-NIS). For radiovirotherapy  to be effective in humans, the radioiodine dose administered in the pre-clinical  animal model should scale to the range of acceptable doses in humans. We performed (131)I dose-response experiments aiming to determine the dose required  in mice to achieve efficient radiovirotherapy. Efficacy was determined by measuring tumor growth and survival times. We observed that individual tumors display disparate growth rates that preclude averaging within a treatment modality indicating heterogeneity of growth rate. We further show that a statistic and stochastic approach must be used when comparing the effect of an anti-cancer therapy on a cohort of tumors. Radiovirotherapy improves therapeutic  value over virotherapy alone by slowing the rate of tumor growth in a more substantial manner leading to an increase in survival time. We also show that the radioiodine doses needed to achieve this increase scaled well within the current  doses used for treatment of thyroid cancer in humans.

 

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[539]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Metabolism of kidney cancer: from the lab to clinical practice.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Eur Urol. 2013 Feb;63(2):244-51. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2012.09.054. Epub 2012 Sep 28.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.eururo.2012.09.054

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Sudarshan S; Karam JA; Brugarolas J; Thompson RH; Uzzo R; Rini B; Margulis V; Patard JJ; Escudier B; Linehan WM

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA. sudarshan@uab.edu

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - CONTEXT: There is increasing evidence for the role of altered metabolism in the pathogenesis of renal cancer. OBJECTIVE: This review characterizes the metabolic  effects of genes and signaling pathways commonly implicated in renal cancer. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: A systematic review of the literature was performed using PubMed. The search strategy included the following terms: renal cancer, metabolism, HIF, VHL. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: Significant progress has been made in the understanding of the metabolic derangements present in renal cancer. These findings have been derived through translational, in vitro, and in vivo studies.  To date, the most well-characterized metabolic features of renal cancer are linked to von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) loss. VHL loss and the ensuing increase in the  expression of hypoxia-inducible factor affect several metabolic pathways, including glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. Collectively, these changes promote a glycolytic metabolic phenotype in renal cancer. In addition, other histologic subtypes of renal cancer are also notable for metabolic derangements that are directly related to the causative genes. CONCLUSIONS: Current knowledge  of the genetics of renal cancer has led to significant understanding of the metabolism of this malignancy. Further studies of the metabolic basis of renal cell carcinoma should provide the foundation for the development of new treatment approaches and development of novel biomarkers.

 

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[540]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - A Bayesian nonrigid registration method to enhance intraoperative target definition in image-guided prostate procedures through uncertainty characterization.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Med Phys. 2012 Nov;39(11):6858-67. doi: 10.1118/1.4760992.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1118/1.4760992

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Pursley J; Risholm P; Fedorov A; Tuncali K; Fennessy FM; Wells WM; Tempany CM; Cormack RA

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Radiation Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.  jpursley@partners.org

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: This study introduces a probabilistic nonrigid registration method for use in image-guided prostate brachytherapy. Intraoperative imaging for prostate procedures, usually transrectal ultrasound (TRUS), is typically inferior to diagnostic-quality imaging of the pelvis such as endorectal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MR images contain superior detail of the prostate boundaries and provide substructure features not otherwise visible. Previous efforts to register diagnostic prostate images with the intraoperative coordinate system have been deterministic and did not offer a measure of the registration uncertainty. The authors developed a Bayesian registration method to estimate the posterior distribution on deformations and provide a case-specific measure of the associated registration uncertainty. METHODS: The authors adapted a biomechanical-based probabilistic nonrigid method to register diagnostic to intraoperative images by aligning a physician’s segmentations of the prostate in  the two images. The posterior distribution was characterized with a Markov Chain  Monte Carlo method; the maximum a posteriori deformation and the associated uncertainty were estimated from the collection of deformation samples drawn from  the posterior distribution. The authors validated the registration method using a dataset created from ten patients with MRI-guided prostate biopsies who had both  diagnostic and intraprocedural 3 Tesla MRI scans. The accuracy and precision of the estimated posterior distribution on deformations were evaluated from two predictive distance distributions: between the deformed central zone-peripheral zone (CZ-PZ) interface and the physician-labeled interface, and based on physician-defined landmarks. Geometric margins on the registration of the prostate’s peripheral zone were determined from the posterior predictive distance to the CZ-PZ interface separately for the base, mid-gland, and apical regions of  the prostate. RESULTS: The authors observed variation in the shape and volume of  the segmented prostate in diagnostic and intraprocedural images. The probabilistic method allowed us to convey registration results in terms of posterior distributions, with the dispersion providing a patient-specific estimate of the registration uncertainty. The median of the predictive distance distribution between the deformed prostate boundary and the segmented boundary was </=3 mm (95th percentiles within +/-4 mm) for all ten patients. The accuracy  and precision of the internal deformation was evaluated by comparing the posterior predictive distance distribution for the CZ-PZ interface for each patient, with the median distance ranging from -0.6 to 2.4 mm. Posterior predictive distances between naturally occurring landmarks showed registration errors of </=5 mm in any direction. The uncertainty was not a global measure, but instead was local and varied throughout the registration region. Registration uncertainties were largest in the apical region of the prostate. CONCLUSIONS: Using a Bayesian nonrigid registration method, the authors determined the posterior distribution on deformations between diagnostic and intraprocedural MR  images and quantified the uncertainty in the registration results. The feasibility of this approach was tested and results were positive. The probabilistic framework allows us to evaluate both patient-specific and location-specific estimates of the uncertainty in the registration result. Although the framework was tested on MR-guided procedures, the preliminary results suggest that it may be applied to TRUS-guided procedures as well, where the addition of diagnostic MR information may have a larger impact on target definition and clinical guidance.

 

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[541]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Cell surface engineering of renal cell carcinoma with glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored TIMP-1 blocks TGF-beta1 activation and reduces regulatory ID gene expression.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Biol Chem. 2012 Dec 1;393(12):1463-70. doi: 10.1515/hsz-2012-0188.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1515/hsz-2012-0188

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Notohamiprodjo S; Djafarzadeh R; Rieth N; Hofstetter M; Jaeckel C; Nelson PJ

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1) controls matrix metalloproteinase activity through 1:1 stoichiometric binding. Human TIMP-1 fused to a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor (TIMP-1-GPI) shifts the activity of TIMP-1 from the extracellular matrix to the cell surface. TIMP-1-GPI treated renal cell carcinoma cells show increased apoptosis and reduced proliferation. Transcriptomic profiling and regulatory pathway mapping were used to identify the potential mechanisms driving these effects. Significant changes in the DNA binding inhibitors, TGF-beta1/SMAD and BMP pathways resulted from TIMP-1-GPI treatment. These events were linked to reduced TGF-beta1 signaling mediated by inhibition of proteolytic processing of latent TGF-beta1 by TIMP-1-GPI.

 

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[542]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - FDG-Positron Emission Tomography/Computerized Tomography for Monitoring the Response of Pelvic Lymph Node Metastasis to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Bladder  Cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Urol. 2012 Nov 6. pii: S0022-5347(12)05474-2. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.11.009.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.juro.2012.11.009

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Mertens LS; Fioole-Bruining A; Rhijn BW; Kerst JM; Bergman AM; Vogel WV; Vegt E; Horenblas S

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: l.mertens@nki.nl.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: We evaluated FDG-positron emission tomography/computerized tomography for monitoring the response of pelvic lymph node metastasis to neoadjuvant chemotherapy for bladder cancer. We compared this to contrast enhanced computerized tomography. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Included in study were 19 consecutive patients with lymph node positive bladder cancer who underwent FDG-positron emission tomography/computerized tomography and contrast enhanced computerized tomography before and after a median of 4 cycles (range 2 to 4) of neoadjuvant chemotherapy between September 2011 and April 2012. Metabolic response was assessed according to EORTC (European Organisation for Research and  Treatment of Cancer) recommendations based on the change in FDG uptake on FDG-positron emission tomography/computerized tomography. Radiological response was assessed on contrast enhanced computerized tomography according to RECIST (Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors) 1.1. All patients underwent pelvic lymph node dissection. Histopathological evaluation served as the gold standard for the nodal response. RESULTS: Before neoadjuvant chemotherapy, hypermetabolic  FDG uptake was seen in all 19 patients, which matched the lymph node metastasis.  Evaluating the nodal response with positron emission tomography/computerized tomography was feasible in all patients. On histopathology 16 patients were responders, including 14 with a complete pathological response of the lymph nodes. Positron emission tomography/computerized tomography and contrast enhanced computerized tomography correctly distinguished responders from nonresponders (18 of 19 patients or 94.7% and 15 of 19 or 78.9%) and complete responders from patients with residual disease (13 of 19 or 68.4% and 12 of 19 or 63.2%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Although no definitive conclusions can be drawn from  these preliminary data, positron emission tomography/computerized tomography appears feasible for evaluating the nodal response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and distinguishing responders from nonresponders.

 

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[543]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Cardiac troponin T before and after kidney transplantation: determinants and implications for posttransplant survival.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Am J Transplant. 2013 Feb;13(2):406-14. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2012.04317.x. Epub 2012 Nov 8.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1111/j.1600-6143.2012.04317.x

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Keddis MT; El-Zoghby ZM; El Ters M; Rodrigo E; Pellikka PA; Jaffe AS; Cosio FG

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Pretransplant cardiac troponin T(cTnT(pre) ) is a significant predictor of survival postkidney transplantation. We assessed correlates of cTnT levels pre- and posttransplantation and their relationship with recipient survival. A total of 1206 adult recipients of kidney grafts between 2000 and 2010 were included. Pretransplant cTnT was elevated (>/=0.01 ng/mL) in 56.4%. Higher cTnT(pre) was associated with increased risk of posttransplant death/cardiac events independent of cardiovascular risk factors. Elevated cTnT(pre) declined rapidly posttransplant and was normal in 75% of recipients at 3 weeks and 88.6% at 1 year. Elevated posttransplant cTnT was associated with reduced patient survival (cTnT(3wks) : HR = 5.575, CI 3.207-9.692, p < 0.0001; cTnT(1year) : 3.664, 2.129-6.305, p < 0.0001) independent of age, diabetes, pretransplant dialysis, heart disease and allograft function. Negative/positive predictive values for high cTnT(3wks) were 91.4%/50% respectively. Normalization of cTnT posttransplant was associated with reduced risk. Variables related to elevated cTnT posttransplant included pretransplant diabetes, older age, time on dialysis, high cTnT(pre) and lower graft function. Patients with delayed graft function and those with GFR < 30 mL/min at 3 weeks were more likely to have an elevated cTnT(3wks) and remained at high risk. When allografts restore sufficient kidney function cTnT normalizes and patient survival improves. Lack of normalization of  cTnT posttransplant identifies a group of individuals with high risk of death/cardiac events.

 

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[544]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Multiparametric ultrasound of the prostate: adding contrast enhanced ultrasound to real-time elastography to detect histopathologically confirmed cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Urol. 2013 Jan;189(1):93-8. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.08.183. Epub 2012 Nov 16.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.juro.2012.08.183

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Brock M; Eggert T; Palisaar RJ; Roghmann F; Braun K; Loppenberg B; Sommerer F; Noldus J; von Bodman C

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Ruhr University Bochum, Marienhospital Herne, Herne, Germany. marko.brock@marienhospital-herne.de

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: We prospectively assessed whether a combined approach of real-time elastography and contrast enhanced ultrasound would improve prostate cancer visualization. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Between June 2011 and January 2012, 100 patients with biopsy proven prostate cancer underwent preoperative transrectal multiparametric ultrasound combining real-time elastography and contrast enhanced ultrasound. After initial elastographic screening for suspicious lesions, defined as blue areas with decreased tissue strain, each lesion was allocated to the corresponding prostate sector. The target lesion was defined as the largest cancer suspicious area. Perfusion was monitored after intravenous injection of contrast agent. Target lesions were examined for hypoperfusion, normoperfusion or hyperperfusion. Imaging results were correlated with final pathological evaluation on whole mount slides after radical prostatectomy. RESULTS: Of 100 patients 86 were eligible for final analysis. Real-time elastography detected prostate cancer with 49% sensitivity and 73.6% specificity. Histopathology confirmed malignancy in 56 of the 86 target lesions (65.1%). Of these 56 lesions  52 (92.9%) showed suspicious perfusion, including hypoperfusion in 48.2% and hyperperfusion in 48.2%, while only 4 (7.1%) showed normal perfusion patterns (p  = 0.001). The multiparametric approach decreased the false-positive value of real-time elastography alone from 34.9% to 10.3% and improved the positive predictive value of cancer detection from 65.1% to 89.7%. CONCLUSIONS: Perfusion  patterns of prostate cancer suspicious elastographic lesions are heterogeneous. However, the combined approach of real-time elastography and contrast enhanced ultrasound in this pilot study significantly decreased false-positive results and improved the positive predictive value of correctly identifying histopathological cancer.

 

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[545]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Nuclear matrix protein 22 for bladder cancer detection: comparative analysis of the BladderChek® and ELISA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Anticancer Res. 2012 Nov;32(11):5093-7.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Hatzichristodoulou G; Kubler H; Schwaibold H; Wagenpfeil S; Eibauer C; Hofer C; Gschwend J; Treiber U

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Technische Universitat Munchen, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Department of Urology,  Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany. georgios.hatzichris-todoulou@lrz.tum.de

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - AIM: To compare nuclear matrix protein 22 expression by BladderChek® and ELISA, as urine-based assays for bladder cancer (BC) detection. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Urine samples of 100 BC patients and 100 controls were analyzed. Comparative statistical evaluations were based on sensitivity and specificity. RESULTS: Seventy-one patients had primary and 29 recurrent BC. The sensitivity of BladderChek® was significantly higher compared to ELISA in the overall cancer cohort and in patients with primary BC (p<0.0001 and p=0.0001, respectively). Both tests demonstrated significant correlation of sensitivities and tumor stage/grade for the overall cancer cohort and for patients with primary BC. Both  tests had specificity values of 100% in healthy individuals. Specificity was 93%  for BladderChek® and 99% for ELISA in patients with benign diseases (p=0.048).  CONCLUSION: BladderChek® may be clinically more useful for BC detection. Due to high specificity, BladderChek® could be used for high-risk screening. However,  due to its low sensitivity, BladderChek® cannot replace but only complement cystoscopy for BC detection.

 

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[546]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Correlation between surrogates of bladder dosimetry and dose-volume histograms of the bladder wall defined on MRI in prostate cancer radiotherapy.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Radiother Oncol. 2012 Nov;105(2):180-3. doi: 10.1016/j.radonc.2012.10.001. Epub 2012 Nov 22.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.radonc.2012.10.001

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Carillo V; Cozzarini C; Chietera A; Perna L; Gianolini S; Maggio A; Botti A; Rancati T; Valdagni R; Fiorino C

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy. carillo.viviana@hsr.it

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - The correlation between bladder dose-wall-histogram (DWH) and dose-volume-histogram (DVH), dose-surface-histogram (DSH), and DVH-5/10 was investigated in a group of 28 patients; bladder walls were drawn on T2-MRI. DVH showed the poorest correlation with DWH; DSH or DVH-5/10 should be preferred in planning; absolute DVH may be used for radical patients, although less robust.

 

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[547]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - The diagnostic use of ERG in resolving an “atypical glands suspicious for cancer” diagnosis in prostate biopsies beyond that provided by basal cell and alpha-methylacyl-CoA-racemase markers.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Hum Pathol. 2012 Nov 14. pii: S0046-8177(12)00283-3. doi: 10.1016/j.humpath.2012.06.024.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.humpath.2012.06.024

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Shah RB; Tadros Y; Brummell B; Zhou M

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Division of Urologic Pathology, Miraca Life Sciences, Irving, TX 75039, USA. Electronic address: rshah@Miracals.com.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining for ERG is used as a surrogate for TMPRSS2-ERG gene fusion, a specific molecular event seen in ~50% of prostate carcinomas (PCas) and ~20% of high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) intermingled with adjacent PCa demonstrating identical gene fusions. We studied 84 “atypical glands suspicious for cancer (ATYP)” cases using multiplex ERG/alpha-methylacyl-CoA-racemase (AMACR)/high-molecular-weight cytokeratin/p63 IHC to determine how often ERG contributes to resolving an ATYP diagnosis beyond  that provided by AMACR and basal markers. Final diagnoses of benign, ATYP, and cancer were rendered after review of morphology and all markers in 3, 30, and 51  cases, respectively. Of 51 cancer diagnoses, 45% and 94% were positive for ERG and AMACR, respectively. Of 30 atypical diagnoses, 10% and 67% were positive for  ERG and AMACR, respectively. Of 3 benign diagnoses, none and 83% were positive for ERG and AMACR, respectively. Three ERG-positive atypical cases were classified as “HGPIN with adjacent ATYP.” ERG was expressed in adjacent noncancer glands of 20% of PCas, whereas AMACR was expressed in noncancer glands in all diagnostic categories in 40% of cases. Positive ERG staining helped establish the initial ATYP diagnosis to PCa in 28% cases whose diagnoses would otherwise remain ATYP based on AMACR and basal markers. ERG positivity in small atypical glands where HGPIN diagnosis is excluded helps establish a definitive cancer diagnosis in a small proportion of additional ATYP cases. We recommend judicious use of ERG, preferably as a component of multiplex IHC, in evaluation of difficult prostate biopsies.

 

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[548]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Prostate total tumor extent versus index tumor extent—which is predictive of biochemical recurrence following radical prostatectomy?

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Urol. 2013 Jan;189(1):99-104. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.08.179. Epub 2012 Nov 16.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.juro.2012.08.179

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Billis A; Meirelles LR; Freitas LL; Polidoro AS; Fernandes HA; Padilha MM; Magna LA; Ferreira U

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil. athanase@fcm.unicamp.br

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: It is controversial whether tumor extent in radical prostatectomies predicts biochemical recurrence following surgery. We compared the predictive value of total tumor extent vs dominant nodule (index tumor) extent. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A mean of 32 paraffin blocks was processed from prostate surgical specimens step sectioned at 3 to 5 mm intervals from 300 patients treated with radical retropubic prostatectomy. Each transverse section was subdivided into 2 anterolateral and 2 posterolateral quadrants. Tumor extent was evaluated by a semiquantitative point count method. Dominant nodule extent was recorded as the maximal number of positive points of the largest single focus of cancer in the quadrants. Time to biochemical recurrence was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier product limit analysis. Prediction of shorter time to biochemical recurrence was determined by univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS: Except for age and race, total and index tumor extent was significantly  associated with higher preoperative prostate specific antigen, clinical stage T2, pathological stage greater than T2, positive surgical margins and higher radical  prostatectomy Gleason score. Total and index tumor extent was significantly associated with time to biochemical recurrence in Kaplan-Meier estimates. Total and index tumor extent significantly predicted shorter time to biochemical recurrence on univariate analysis but only index tumor extent was an independent  predictor of time to biochemical recurrence on multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: The study indicates that any tumor extent estimate in surgical specimens should be related to the dominant nodule (index tumor) and not to total tumor extent.

 

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[549]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Inhibition of autophagy enhances apoptosis induced by the PI3K/AKT/mTor inhibitor NVP-BEZ235 in renal cell carcinoma cells.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Cell Biochem Funct. 2012 Oct 22. doi: 10.1002/cbf.2917.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1002/cbf.2917

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Li H; Jin X; Zhang Z; Xing Y; Kong X

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - The PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway plays a key role in the development of the hypervascular tumor renal cell carcinoma (RCC). NVP-BEZ235 (NVP), a novel dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor, showed great antitumor benefit and provided a treatment strategy in RCC. In this study, we test the effect of NVP on survival rate, apoptosis and autophagy in the RCC cell line, 786-0. We also explore the hypothesis that NVP, in combination with autophagy inhibitors, leads to apoptosis enhancement in 786-0 cells. The results showed that the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway proteins p-AKT and p-P70S6K were highly expressed in RCC tissue. We also showed that NVP inhibited cell growth and induced apoptosis and autophagy in RCC cells.  The combination treatment of NVP with autophagy inhibitors enhanced the effect of NVP on suppressing 786-0 growth and induction of apoptosis. This study proposes a novel treatment paradigm where combining PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway inhibitors and autophagy inhibitors lead to enhanced RCC cell apoptosis. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

 

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[550]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Global demethylation in loss of imprinting subtype of Wilms tumor.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Genes Chromosomes Cancer. 2013 Feb;52(2):174-84. doi: 10.1002/gcc.22017. Epub 2012 Oct 17.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1002/gcc.22017

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Ludgate JL; Le Mee G; Fukuzawa R; Rodger EJ; Weeks RJ; Reeve AE; Morison IM

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Epigenetic abnormalities at the IGF2/H19 locus play a key role in the onset of Wilms tumor. These tumors can be classified into three molecular subtypes depending on the events occurring at this locus: loss of imprinting (LOI), loss of heterozygosity (LOH), or retention of imprinting (ROI). As IGF2 LOI is a consequence of aberrant methylation, we hypothesized that this subtype of Wilms tumors might display global abnormalities of methylation. We therefore analyzed the methylation status of satellite DNA, as a surrogate for global methylation in 50 Wilms tumor patients. Satellite methylation was quantified by a methylation-sensitive quantitative PCR. We confirmed hypomethylation of both satellite alpha (Sat alpha) and satellite 2 (Sat 2) DNA in Wilms tumor samples compared with normal kidney. In addition, we found that LOI tumors, unlike ROI or LOH ones, showed concordant hypomethylation of both Sat alpha and Sat 2 DNA. This would suggest that the LOI subtype of Wilms tumor, which unlike other subtypes results from an epimutation, has a global deregulation of methylation mechanisms.

 

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[551]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Small cell cancer of the prostate.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Urology. 2012 Nov;80(5):e58-60. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2012.07.052.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.urology.2012.07.052

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Dixit S; Coup A; Hunt C; Coombs L

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Castle Hill Hospital, Hull and East Yorkshire NHS Trust, Hull, United Kingdom. sanjay.dixit@hey.nhs.uk

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - De novo small cell cancer of the prostate is a rare tumor and has different presentation, behavior, and outcome compared with adenocarcinoma. A 66-year-old man presented with symptoms masquerading as a rectal tumor. Primary symptoms were intermittent constipation and diarrhea without any urinary symptoms. Initial staging showed only 2 large pelvic nodes. Prostate-specific antigen was 4.8 ng/L. A transrectal prostate biopsy confirmed small cell histology. After having no response to hormones and carboplatin-etoposide, a course of palliative radiotherapy, docetaxel chemotherapy, and defunctioning colostomy offered palliation. Liver and lytic bone metastases developed later; the patient died 9 months after the presentation.

 

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[552]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Perfusion MDCT of prostate cancer: correlation of perfusion CT parameters and immunohistochemical markers of angiogenesis.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2012 Nov;199(5):1042-8. doi: 10.2214/AJR.11.8267.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 2214/AJR.11.8267

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Osimani M; Bellini D; Di Cristofano C; Palleschi G; Petrozza V; Carbone A; Laghi A

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Pathology, Sapienza University  of Rome, Via Franco Faggiana, 1668, Polo Pontino, Latina 04100, Italy. mosimani@sirm.org

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to correlate perfusion MDCT parameters and immunohistochemical markers of angiogenesis in prostate cancer. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Twenty-two patients scheduled for radical surgical prostatectomy because of biopsy-proven prostate cancer underwent perfusion CT on a 64-MDCT scanner. Eight contiguous 5-mm sections were acquired at 1-second intervals for 45 seconds followed by three additional scans every 10 seconds after the administration of 80 mL of iodinated contrast medium (350 mg I/mL). Blood volume, blood flow, mean  transit time, and permeability surface-area product were calculated, dividing each slice into nine square regions. Values obtained were correlated with the mean microvessel density (MVD) and mean vascular area of corresponding areas on histologic macrosections. RESULTS: The mean values of the perfusion parameters detected on all square fields of patients with prostate cancer, benign hyperplasia, chronic prostatitis, and healthy tissue were, respectively, 18.36 +/- 6.30, 19.49 +/- 8.46, 19.67 +/- 11.44, and 20.32 +/- 4.53 mL/min/100 g for blood flow; 8.45 +/- 2.75, 6.21 +/- 4.32, 4.94 +/- 2.31, and 5.44 +/- 2.67 mL/100 mg for blood volume; 19.19 +/- 4.45, 18.74 +/- 4.91, 16.24 +/- 4.12, and 16.37 +/- 4.83 seconds for mean transit time; and 26.34 +/- 11.88, 18.67 +/- 9.15, 18.08 +/- 7.72, and 19.93 +/- 7.22 mL/min/100 g for permeability surface-area product. Both blood volume and the permeability surface-area product of cancerous squares showed the highest correlation with mean MVD and mean vascular area (0.618 [p < 0.01] and 0.614 [p < 0.01], respectively) and the highest area under  the curve (0.769 and 0.708). CONCLUSION: Our results show that blood volume and permeability surface-area product measurements obtained with perfusion CT have the highest correlation with immunohistochemical markers of angiogenesis in prostate cancer.

 

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[553]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Epigenetics-related genes in prostate cancer: expression profile in prostate cancer tissues, androgen-sensitive and -insensitive cell lines.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Int J Mol Med. 2013 Jan;31(1):21-5. doi: 10.3892/ijmm.2012.1173. Epub 2012 Nov 6.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 3892/ijmm.2012.1173

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Shaikhibrahim Z; Lindstrot A; Ochsenfahrt J; Fuchs K; Wernert N

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Bonn, D-53127 Bonn, Germany.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Epigenetic changes have been suggested to drive prostate cancer (PCa) development and progression. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to identify novel epigenetics-related genes in PCa tissues, and to examine their expression in metastatic PCa cell lines. We analyzed the expression of epigenetics-related genes via a clustering analysis based on gene function in moderately and poorly differentiated PCa glands compared to normal glands of the peripheral zone (prostate proper) from PCa patients using Whole Human Genome Oligo Microarrays. Our analysis identified 12 epigenetics-related genes with a more than 2-fold increase or decrease in expression and a p-value <0.01. In modera-tely differentiated tumors compared to normal glands of the peripheral zone, we found  the genes, TDRD1, IGF2, DICER1, ADARB1, HILS1, GLMN and TRIM27, to be upregulated, whereas TNRC6A and DGCR8 were found to be downregulated. In poorly differentiated tumors, we found TDRD1, ADARB and RBM3 to be upregulated, whereas  DGCR8, PIWIL2 and BC069781 were downregulated. Our analysis of the expression level for each gene in the metastatic androgen-sensitive VCaP and LNCaP, and -insensitive PC3 and DU-145 PCa cell lines revealed differences in expression among the cell lines which may reflect the different biological properties of each cell line, and the potential role of each gene at different metastatic sites. The novel epigenetics-related genes that we identified in primary PCa tissues may provide further insight into the role that epigenetic changes play in PCa. Moreover, some of the genes that we identified may play important roles in primary PCa and metastasis, in primary PCa only, or in metastasis only. Follow-up studies are required to investigate the functional role and the role that the expression of these genes play in the outcome and progression of PCa using tissue microarrays.

 

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[554]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - MicroRNA expression profiles of seminoma from paraffin-embedded formalin-fixed tissue.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Virchows Arch. 2012 Dec;461(6):663-8. doi: 10.1007/s00428-012-1325-9. Epub 2012 Oct 14.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s00428-012-1325-9

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Bing Z; Master SR; Tobias JW; Baldwin DA; Xu XW; Tomaszewski JE

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 6 Founders, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. bingz@uphs.upenn.edu

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - In this study, we used microRNA (miRNA) microarrays in an unbiased screen for aberrantly expressed miRNAs in seminoma, a primitive type of germ cell tumor. Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) surgical samples from 11 cases of normal testicular tissue resected for nonneoplastic causes and from 11 cases of seminoma were assessed for miRNA expression. Normal testicular tissue and seminoma were paired by race. We found 112 miRNAs to be differentially expressed  between seminoma and normal testicular tissue; 52 miRNAs were overexpressed, and  60, downregulated in seminoma. We did not observe significant differences between black and white populations in our race-paired study. The upregulation of the expression of hsa-mir-21, hsa-mir-372, hsa-mir-373, has-mir-221, and hsa-mir-222  was validated by reverse transcription and real-time PCR. Hsa-mir-372 was upregulated around 1,270-fold (95 % confidence interval (CI) 525.2-3,064.8; p = 8.1e-5 by Mann-Whitney U test). Hsa-mir-373 was upregulated around 1,530-fold (95 % CI 620.5-3,785.6; p = 8.0e-5 by Mann-Whitney U test), consistent with previous  reports, indicating that the miRNAs in FFPE are well preserved, and FFPE can be a valuable source for the miRNA study of seminoma. In addition, expression of hsa-mir-21 (12.2-fold, 0.0095), hsa-mir-221 (3.8-fold, 0.014) and hsa-mir-222 (3.8-fold, 0.019) was found elevated in seminoma compared to normal testicular tissue.

 

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[555]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Cabazitaxel: more than a new taxane for metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer?

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Clin Cancer Res. 2012 Dec 15;18(24):6574-9. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-12-1584. Epub 2012 Oct 22.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1158/1078-0432.CCR-12-1584

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Mita AC; Figlin R; Mita MM

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Experimental Therapeutics Program, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute,  Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA. alain.mita@cshs.org

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - The taxanes are recognized as a major class of chemotherapeutic agents; however,  mechanisms of innate and acquired resistance can limit their usefulness. Cabazitaxel, a novel taxane with microtubule-stabilizing potency similar to docetaxel, exhibits activity against tumor cell lines resistant to paclitaxel and docetaxel. Cabazitaxel showed linear pharmacokinetics and a terminal elimination  half-life comparable with that of docetaxel, findings which support dosing as a single infusion in three-week treatment cycles. Dose-ranging studies recommended  doses of 20 or 25 mg/m(2) every three weeks. Antitumor activity was shown in patients with advanced cancer and chemotherapy failure (including taxane failure). Other early studies investigated the efficacy of cabazitaxel in pretreated metastatic breast cancer, either as a single agent or in combination with capecitabine. Objective antitumor response rates of up to 24% and sustained  tumor stabilizations were also observed. The TROPIC phase III study, conducted in patients with metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer previously treated with docetaxel, established cabazitaxel as the first chemotherapeutic agent to offer a survival advantage in this patient population. Across these studies, the  dose-limiting hematologic toxicity was neutropenia (including febrile neutropenia), usually controllable with colony-stimulating factor/granulocyte-colony stimulating factor support.

 

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[556]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - miRNA-34b inhibits prostate cancer through demethylation, active chromatin modifications, and AKT pathways.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Clin Cancer Res. 2013 Jan 1;19(1):73-84. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-12-2952. Epub 2012 Nov 12.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1158/1078-0432.CCR-12-2952

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Majid S; Dar AA; Saini S; Shahryari V; Arora S; Zaman MS; Chang I; Yamamura S; Tanaka Y; Chiyomaru T; Deng G; Dahiya R

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, VA Medical Center and UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: miRNAs can act as oncomirs or tumor-suppressor miRs in cancer. This study was undertaken to investigate the status and role of miR-34b in prostate cancer. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Profiling of miR-34b was carried out in human prostate cancer cell lines and clinical samples by quantitative real-time PCR and in situ hybridization. Statistical analyses were done to assess diagnostic/prognostic potential. Biological significance was elucidated by carrying out a series of experiments in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS: We report that miR-34b is silenced in human prostate cancer and the mechanism is through CpG hypermethylation. miR-34b directly targeted methyltransferases and deacetylases resulting in a positive feedback loop inducing partial demethylation and active chromatin modifications. miR-34b expression could predict overall and  recurrence-free survival such that patients with high miR-34b levels had longer survival. Functionally, miR-34b inhibited cell proliferation, colony formation, migration/invasion, and triggered G(0)/G(1) cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis by directly targeting the Akt and its downstream proliferative genes. miR-34b caused a decline in the mesenchymal markers vimentin, ZO1, N-cadherin, and Snail with an increase in E-cadherin expression, thus inhibiting epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Finally we showed the antitumor effect of miR-34b in vivo. MiR-34b caused a dramatic decrease in tumor growth in nude mice compared with cont-miR. CONCLUSION: These findings offer new insight into the role of miR-34b in the inhibition of prostate cancer through demethylation, active chromatin modification, and Akt pathways and may provide a rationale for the development of new strategies targeting epigenetic regulation of miRNAs for the treatment of prostate cancer.

 

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[557]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Potential role of genetic markers in the management of kidney cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Eur Urol. 2013 Feb;63(2):333-40. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2012.09.040. Epub 2012 Sep 24.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.eururo.2012.09.040

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Junker K; Ficarra V; Kwon ED; Leibovich BC; Thompson RH; Oosterwijk E

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Clinic of Urology and Pediatric Urology, Saarland University Medical Center and Saarland University Faculty of Medicine, Homburg, Germany. kerstin.junker@uks.eu

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - CONTEXT: Kidney cancer is not a single entity but comprises a number of different types of cancer that occur in the kidney including renal cell tumours as the most common type. Four major renal cell tumour subtypes can be distinguished based on  morphologic and genetic characteristics. To individualise therapy and to improve  the prognosis in patients with renal cell tumours, accurate subtyping, definition of individual course of disease, and the prediction of therapy response are necessary. OBJECTIVE: To discuss the potential role of genetic markers in the management of kidney cancer. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: A Medline search was conducted to identify original articles, review articles, and editorials addressing the role of genetic alterations in kidney cancer management. Keywords included kidney neoplasms, genetics, SNP, gene expression, miRNA, classification, diagnosis, drug therapy, prognosis, and therapy. The articles with the highest level of evidence  were identified and critically reviewed. This review is the result of an interactive peer-reviewing process by an expert panel of co-authors. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: Each subtype is characterised by specific genetic, epigenetic, and expression patterns that potentially can be used to subclassify renal cell tumours in cases of ambivalent histopathology. Molecular signatures and single alterations in primary tumours are associated with aggressiveness and prognosis.  Germline polymorphisms in specific genes encoding for metabolizing enzymes, efflux transporters, and drug targets seem to be associated with toxicity and response in patients receiving targeted therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Significant advances have been achieved in the molecular analysis of renal cancer. Validation of findings is greatly needed to implement genetic markers in the management of renal cancer. This should lead to improved diagnosis, prognosis, and personalised therapy in this heterogeneous disease.

 

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[558]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Prognostic value of blood mRNA expression signatures in castration-resistant prostate cancer: a prospective, two-stage study.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Lancet Oncol. 2012 Nov;13(11):1114-24. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(12)70372-8. Epub 2012 Oct 9.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/S1470-2045(12)70372-8

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Olmos D; Brewer D; Clark J; Danila DC; Parker C; Attard G; Fleisher M; Reid AH; Castro E; Sandhu SK; Barwell L; Oommen NB; Carreira S; Drake CG; Jones R; Cooper CS; Scher HI; de Bono JS

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Drug Development Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, UK.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Biomarkers are urgently needed to dissect the heterogeneity of prostate cancer between patients to improve treatment and accelerate drug development. We analysed blood mRNA expression arrays to identify patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer with poorer outcome. METHODS: Whole blood was collected into PAXgene tubes from patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer and patients with prostate cancer selected for active surveillance. In stage I (derivation set), patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer were used as cases and patients under active surveillance were used as controls. These patients were recruited from The Royal  Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (Sutton, UK) and The Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre (Glasgow, UK). In stage II (validation-set), patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer recruited from the Memorial Sloan-Kettering  Cancer Center (New York, USA) were assessed. Whole-blood RNA was hybridised to Affymetrix U133plus2 microarrays. Expression profiles were analysed with Bayesian latent process decomposition (LPD) to identify RNA expression profiles associated with castration-resistant prostate cancer subgroups; these profiles were then confirmed by quantative reverse transcriptase (qRT) PCR studies and correlated with overall survival in both the test-set and validation-set. FINDINGS: LPD analyses of the mRNA expression data divided the evaluable patients in stage I (n=94) into four groups. All patients in LPD1 (14 of 14) and most in LPD2 (17 of  18) had castration-resistant prostate cancer. Patients with castration-resistant  prostate cancer and those under active surveillance comprised LPD3 (15 of 31 castration-resistant prostate cancer) and LDP4 (12 of 21 castration-resistant prostate cancer). Patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer in the LPD1  subgroup had features associated with worse prognosis and poorer overall survival than patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer in other LPD subgroups (LPD1 overall survival 10.7 months [95% CI 4.1-17.2] vs non-LPD1 25.6 months [18.0-33.4]; p<0.0001). A nine-gene signature verified by qRT-PCR classified patients into this LPD1 subgroup with a very low percentage of misclassification  (1.2%). The ten patients who were initially unclassifiable by the LPD analyses were subclassified by this signature. We confirmed the prognostic utility of this nine-gene signature in the validation castration-resistant prostate cancer cohort, where LPD1 membership was also associated with worse overall survival (LPD1 9.2 months [95% CI 2.1-16.4] vs non-LPD1 21.6 months [7.5-35.6]; p=0.001),  and remained an independent prognostic factor in multivariable analyses for both  cohorts. INTERPRETATION: Our results suggest that whole-blood gene profiling could identify gene-expression signatures that stratify patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer into distinct prognostic groups. FUNDING: AstraZeneca, Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Prostate Cancer Charity, Prostate Cancer Foundation.

 

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[559]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Tumor biomarkers: PSA and beyond.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Clin Chem. Acceso gratuito al texto completo a partir de 1 año de la fecha de publicación.

            ●● Enlace a la Editora de la Revista journals.uchicago.edu/ 

            ●● Cita: Clinical Infectious Diseases: <> Lab Med. 2012 Nov;50(11):1865-9. doi: 10.1515/cclm-2012-0631.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1515/cclm-2012-0631

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Melichar B

 

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[560]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Certificate of need legislation and the dissemination of robotic surgery for prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Urol. 2013 Jan;189(1):80-5. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.08.185. Epub 2012 Nov 16.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.juro.2012.08.185

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Jacobs BL; Zhang Y; Skolarus TA; Wei JT; Montie JE; Schroeck FR; Hollenbeck BK

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Division of Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2800, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: The uncertainty about the incremental benefit of robotic prostatectomy and its higher associated costs makes it an ideal target for state based certificate of need laws, which have been enacted in several states. We studied the relationship between certificate of need laws and market level adoption of robotic prostatectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We used SEER (Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results)-Medicare data from 2003 through 2007 to identify men 66 years old or older treated with prostatectomy for prostate cancer. Using data from the American Health Planning Association, we categorized Health Service Areas according to the stringency of certificate of need regulations (ie low vs high stringency) presiding over that market. We assessed our outcomes (probability of adopting robotic prostatectomy and propensity for robotic prostatectomy use in adopting Health Service Areas) using Cox proportional hazards and Poisson regression models, respectively. RESULTS: Compared to low stringency markets, high stringency markets were more racially diverse (54% vs 15% nonwhite, p <0.01), and had similar population densities (886 vs 861 people per square mile, p = 0.97) and median incomes ($42,344 vs $39,770, p = 0.56). In  general, both market types had an increase in the adoption and utilization of robotic prostatectomy. However, the probability of robotic prostatectomy adoption (p = 0.22) did not differ based on a market’s certificate of need stringency and  use was lower in high stringency markets (p <0.01). CONCLUSIONS: State based certificate of need regulations were ineffective in constraining robotic surgery  adoption. Despite decreased use in high stringency markets, similar adoption rates suggest that other factors impact the diffusion of robotic prostatectomy.

 

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[561]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Skin tumours in the West of Scotland renal transplant population.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Br J Dermatol. 2012 Nov 8. doi: 10.1111/bjd.12129.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1111/bjd.12129

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Mackintosh LJ; Geddes CC; Herd RM

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - The Alan Lyell Centre for Dermatology, Western Infirmary, Glasgow Glasgow Renal and Transplant Unit, Western Infirmary, Glasgow.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Background: Organ transplant recipients have an increased risk of skin cancers. A specialist dermatology clinic for renal transplant recipients (RTRs) was established in 2005. Objectives: To analyse the type and incidence of skin cancers in prevalent patients attending after renal transplant in the West of Scotland and analyse the impact of time since transplant and immunosuppression regimen. Methods: Skin cancer data for RTRs attending the transplant dermatology  clinic over a 38-month period were collected and recorded in the West of Scotland electronic renal patient record. Skin cancer data were intrinsically linked to each individuals transplant and immunosuppression data. Results: 610 patients attended. Median follow up time from date of first transplant was 10 years. 93 (15.2%) patients had experienced a total of 368 skin cancers since transplant and the prevalence increased with time since transplant. Basal cell carcinomas (BCC)  occurred in 74 (12%) patients, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in 42 (7%) patients. Three (0.5%) patients had experienced a melanoma. The SCC to BCC ratio was 0.7. Survival analysis showed significant reduction in time to develop skin cancer in  patients transplanted from 1995 onwards (p<0.0001) and in patients who had been on triple immunosuppressant therapy at 1 year after transplant compared to dual therapy (p<0.0001). Conclusions: This is the first study of skin cancer in prevalent Scottish RTRs. The incidence of skin cancer is high and appears to have a direct relationship to the overall burden of immunosuppression. The lower SCC:  BCC ratio than reports from other centres deserves further scrutiny.

 

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[562]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - The potential use of primary human upper urinary tract urothelial cell carcinoma  (UUT-UCC) cultured cells for prognostic indicators and chemosensitivity test.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Exp Toxicol Pathol. 2012 Oct 12. pii: S0940-2993(12)00084-X. doi: 10.1016/j.etp.2012.09.003.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.etp.2012.09.003

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Hsieh TF; Chen CC; Chang CH; Yu AL; Ma WL; Shyr CR

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Taichung Branch, Taichung 427, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Upper urinary tract urothelial cell carcinoma (UUT-UCC) is a rare yet aggressive  urologic tumor with a high rate of recurrence and metastasis, resulting in high mortality. Chemotherapy has been used to prevent recurrence and treat metastatic  UUT-UCCs. Although UUT-UCC is sensitive to chemotherapy, the patients’ responses  to therapy vary and the therapy outcome is unpredictable. Therefore, the identification of patients who are at high risk of failure in chemotherapy is important for accurate prognostication, patient counseling, and better therapy. We have obtained cells from UUT-UCC tumor tissues after surgery and established individual primary cultured cell lines, which were used to evaluate E-cadherin and Ki-67 proliferation marker expression and their chemosensitivity to chemotherapeutic drugs. Differential Ki-67 expression and chemosensitivity were observed in these primary cultured cell lines, suggesting these types of UUT-UCC  cell lines could provide a platform for determining prognostic makers and evaluating the efficacy of chemotherapy. In conclusion, primary cultured cell lines from individual patients will be a great tool for evaluating and determining each individual’s personalized chemotherapy course and for testing and screening new chemotherapeutic agents against UUT-UCCs.

 

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[563]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Diagnostic potential of urinary alpha1-antitrypsin and apolipoprotein E in the detection of bladder cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Urol. 2012 Dec;188(6):2377-83. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.07.094. Epub 2012 Oct 22.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.juro.2012.07.094

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Urquidi V; Goodison S; Ross S; Chang M; Dai Y; Rosser CJ

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Cancer Research Institute, MD Anderson Cancer Center Orlando, Orlando, Florida 32806, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: The ability to reliably diagnose bladder cancer in voided urine samples  would be a major advance. Using high throughput technologies, we identified a panel of bladder cancer associated biomarkers with potential clinical usefulness. In this study we tested 4 potential biomarkers for the noninvasive detection of bladder cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We examined voided urine specimens from 124 patients, including 63 newly diagnosed with bladder cancer and 61 controls. Concentrations of proteins were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, including alpha1-antitrypsin, apolipoprotein E, osteopontin and pentraxin 3. Data were compared to the results of urinary cytology and the BTA Trak® enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based bladder cancer detection assay. We used the AUC of ROC curves to compare the usefulness of each biomarker to detect bladder cancer. RESULTS: Urinary levels of alpha1-antitrypsin, apolipoprotein E and bladder tumor antigen were significantly increased in subjects with bladder cancer. alpha1-Antitrypsin (AUC 0.9087, 95% CI 0.8555-0.9619) and apolipoprotein  E (AUC 0.8987, 95% CI 0.8449-0.9525) were the most accurate biomarkers. The combination of alpha1-antitrypsin and apolipoprotein E (AUC 0.9399) achieved 91%  sensitivity, 89% specificity, and a positive and negative predictive value of 89% and 90%, respectively. Multivariate regression analysis highlighted only apolipoprotein E as an independent predictor of bladder cancer (OR 24.9, 95% CI 4.22-146.7, p = 0.0004). CONCLUSIONS: Alone or in combination, alpha1-antitrypsin and apolipoprotein E show promise for the noninvasive detection of bladder cancer (OR 24.9, 95% CI 4.22-146.7, p = 0.0004). Larger, prospective studies including more low grade, low stage tumors are needed to confirm these results.

 

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[564]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - TMPRSS2-ERG fusion transcripts in matched urine and needle rinse material after biopsy for the detection of prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Clin Chem. 2013 Jan;59(1):245-51. doi: 10.1373/clinchem.2012.192260. Epub 2012 Oct 8.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1373/clinchem.2012.192260

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Bories PN; Younes P; Zerbib M; Denjean L; Popovici T; Cynober L; Delongchamps NB

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Laboratoire de Biochimie, Groupe Hospitalier Cochin-Broca-Hotel-Dieu, Hopital Cochin, 27 Rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75679 Paris Cedex 14, France. phuong-nhi.bories@cch.aphp.fr

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Current methods for detecting TMPRSS2-ERG fusion transcript in the urine of patients with suspected prostate cancer lack diagnostic sensitivity. We  combined urine and prostate biopsy rinse material (BRM) assays to improve the fusion gene detection rate. METHODS: Eighty patients with clinical and/or prostate-specific antigen suspicion of prostate cancer were prospectively included in the study. Urine samples were collected before and after prostate biopsy, and BRM was collected from the biopsy needle. We used reverse-transcription PCR (RT-PCR) for the detection of fusion transcripts. Microfocal cancer (MFC) on biopsy was defined by a single core involved with </=3 mm of cancer with Gleason score 3 + 3. We statistically assessed the association  between RT-PCR and biopsy results. RESULTS: Urine alone, BRM alone, and both samples were obtained in 4, 19, and 57 patients, respectively. Three patients were excluded because of insufficient material. In the remaining 77 patients, cancer was detected on biopsy in 42 (55%). The diagnostic sensitivity of the assay for cancer detection was 62% (95% CI 47%-78%), 69% (53%-85%), and 89% (73%-99%) with BRM alone, urine alone, and paired samples, respectively. The lowest values were obtained with the urine assay in patients with MFC or Gleason  score >3 + 3 cancer. Assays of paired samples provided increased diagnostic sensitivity in all subgroups of patients. CONCLUSIONS: TMPRSS2-ERG fusion gene detection may be improved by performing assays in both urine and BRM. Insufficient cell numbers in urine samples and cell lysis during centrifugation may explain the low diagnostic sensitivity of the urine assay.

 

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[565]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Geometric evaluation of systematic transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Urol. 2012 Dec;188(6):2404-9. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.07.107. Epub 2012 Oct 22.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.juro.2012.07.107

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Han M; Chang D; Kim C; Lee BJ; Zuo Y; Kim HJ; Petrisor D; Trock B; Partin AW; Rodriguez R; Carter HB; Allaf M; Kim J; Stoianovici D

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland 21287-2101, USA. mhan1@jhmi.edu

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: Transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy results rely on physician  ability to target the gland according to the biopsy schema. However, to our knowledge it is unknown how accurately the freehand, transrectal ultrasound guided biopsy cores are placed in the prostate and how the geometric distribution of biopsy cores may affect the prostate cancer detection rate. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To determine the geometric distribution of cores, we developed a biopsy  simulation system with pelvic mock-ups and an optical tracking system. Mock-ups were biopsied in a freehand manner by 5 urologists and by our transrectal ultrasound robot, which can support and move the transrectal ultrasound probe. We compared 1) targeting errors, 2) the accuracy and precision of repeat biopsies, and 3) the estimated significant prostate cancer (0.5 cm(3) or greater) detection rate using a probability based model. RESULTS: Urologists biopsied cores in clustered patterns and under sampled a significant portion of the prostate. The robot closely followed the predefined biopsy schema. The mean targeting error of  the urologists and the robot was 9.0 and 1.0 mm, respectively. Robotic assistance significantly decreased repeat biopsy errors with improved accuracy and precision. The mean significant prostate cancer detection rate of the urologists  and the robot was 36% and 43%, respectively (p <0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Systematic  biopsy with freehand transrectal ultrasound guidance does not closely follow the  sextant schema and may result in suboptimal sampling and cancer detection. Repeat freehand biopsy of the same target is challenging. Robotic assistance with optimized biopsy schemas can potentially improve targeting, precision and accuracy. A clinical trial is needed to confirm the additional benefits of robotic assistance.

 

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[566]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Correlation of urine TMPRSS2:ERG and PCA3 to ERG+ and total prostate cancer burden.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Am J Clin Pathol. 2012 Nov;138(5):685-96. doi: 10.1309/AJCPU7PPWUPYG8OH.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1309/AJCPU7PPWUPYG8OH

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Young A; Palanisamy N; Siddiqui J; Wood DP; Wei JT; Chinnaiyan AM; Kunju LP; Tomlins SA

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Dept of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - ERG rearrangements (most commonly transmembrane protease, serine 2 [TMPRSS2]:ERG  [T2:ERG] gene fusions) have been identified in approximately 50% of prostate cancers . Quantification of T2:ERG in postdigital rectal examination urine, in combination with PCA3, improves the performance of serum prostate-specific antigen for prostate cancer prediction on biopsy. Here we compared urine T2:ERG and PCA3 scores with ERG+ (determined with immunohistochemical analysis) and total prostate cancer burden in 41 mapped prostatectomies. Prostatectomies had a  median of 3 tumor foci (range, 1-15) and 2.6 cm of summed linear tumor dimension  (range, 0.6-7.1 cm). Urine T2:ERG score correlated most with summed linear ERG+ tumor dimension and number of ERG+ foci (r(s) = 0.68 and 0.67, respectively, both P < .001). Urine PCA3 score showed weaker correlation with both number of tumor foci (r(s) = 0.34, P = .03) and summed linear tumor dimension (r(s) = 0.26, P = .10). In summary, we demonstrate a strong correlation between urine T2:ERG score  and total ERG+ prostate cancer burden at prostatectomy, consistent with high tumor specificity.

 

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[567]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Comprehensive and highly sensitive urinary steroid hormone profiling method based on stable isotope-labeling liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Anal Chem. 2012 Dec 4;84(23):10245-51. doi: 10.1021/ac301984t. Epub 2012 Nov 13.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1021/ac301984t

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Dai W; Huang Q; Yin P; Li J; Zhou J; Kong H; Zhao C; Lu X; Xu G

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Steroid hormones are crucial substances that mediate a wide range of vital physiological functions of the body. Determination of the levels of steroid hormones plays an important role in understanding the mechanism of the steroid hormone-related diseases. In this study, we present a novel targeted metabolic profiling method based on the introduction of an easily protonated stable isotope tag to a hydroxyl-containing steroid hormone with a synthesized derivatization reagent, deuterium 4-(dimethylamino)-benzoic acid (d(4)-DMBA), and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Different from other reported derivatization reagents that have been used to enhance the sensitivities for estrogens or androgens, our method is comprehensive with the capability of covering hydroxyl-containing androgens, estrogens, corticoids, and progestogens.  Furthermore, the nonderivatized steroid hormones (e.g., 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, progesterone, and androstenedione) were not destroyed during the derivatization process, and their levels could still be obtained in one LC-MS run. We were able to detect 24 steroid hormones at subng/mL levels (the lower limit of detection could reach 5 pg/mL for estrone and 16alpha-hydroxy estrone, which is equivalent to 0.1 pg on column) with maximum sensitivity enhancement factors of more than 10(3)- to 10(4)-fold after derivatization. The method was successfully applied to the measurement of free (unconjugated) steroid hormones in urine samples of males, females, and pregnant  women. Because the significant role the steroid hormone pathway plays in humans,  a comprehensive, sensitive, specific, and accurate method for profiling the steroid hormone metabolome shall offer new insights into hormone-related diseases.

 

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[568]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Bioplasmonic paper as a platform for detection of kidney cancer biomarkers.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Anal Chem. 2012 Nov 20;84(22):9928-34. doi: 10.1021/ac302332g. Epub 2012 Nov 2.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1021/ac302332g

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Tian L; Morrissey JJ; Kattumenu R; Gandra N; Kharasch ED; Singamaneni S

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - We demonstrate that a common laboratory filter paper uniformly adsorbed with biofunctionalized plasmonic nanostructures can serve as a highly sensitive transduction platform for rapid detection of trace bioanalytes in physiological fluids. In particular, we demonstrate that bioplasmonic paper enables rapid urinalysis for the detection of kidney cancer biomarkers in artificial urine down to a concentration of 10 ng/mL. Compared to conventional rigid substrates, bioplasmonic paper offers numerous advantages such as high specific surface area  (resulting in large dynamic range), excellent wicking properties (naturally microfluidic), mechanical flexibility, compatibility with conventional printing approaches (enabling multiplexed detection and multimarker biochips), and significant cost reduction.

 

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[569]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Tumour burden is an independent prognostic factor in metastatic renal cell carcinoma.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - BJU Int. 2012 Dec;110(11):1747-53. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11518.x. Epub 2012 Oct 26.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11518.x

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Iacovelli R; Lanoy E; Albiges L; Escudier B

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Medical Oncology Department, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Study Type—Prognosis (cohort series) Level of Evidence 2b. What’s known on the subject? and What does the study add? In the literature, few studies have evaluated the role of tumour burden (TB) in metastatic real cell carcinoma (mRCC), even though it has been considered as important in localized tumours. In  metastatic patients the role of TB is uncertain because it was analyzed in chemotherapy treated patients or using a partial evaluation of TB. This study, first reports the independent prognostic and predictive role of TB in mRCC patients treated with targeted agents in prospective clinical trials. TB is able  to predict prognosis independently to localization of metastases and prognostic class defined by MSKCC criteria, moreover it is strictly related to patient’s performance status. OBJECTIVE: * To investigate the possible prognostic role of baseline tumour burden (TB) in terms of progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS), in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). PATIENTS AND METHODS: * A homogenous group of patients with mRCC enrolled in second-line trials post-cytokine treatment were selected for the present analysis. * The Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (the sum of the longest unidimensional diameter of each target lesion) were used to assess TB. *  The PFS and OS rates were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared across the groups using the log-rank test. * The association between TB and PFS or OS was evaluated using a Cox proportional hazards model. Multivariable analyses were adjusted for other prognostic variables: the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Centre (MSKCC) risk class and treatment. RESULTS: * A total of 124 patients were included in the final analysis. Of these, 66% received sorafenib or sunitinib and 34% received placebo. The median follow-up was 80.1 month. * TB was directly related to PFS and OS and these associations remained significant after adjusting for modified MSKCC risk class and treatment,. * Each  1-cm increase in TB increased the risk of progression by 4.5% (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.05; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02-1.07; P < 0.001) and the risk of death by 5% (HR: 1.05; 95% CI 1.03-1.08; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: * TB is easy to calculate from standard computed tomography and significantly relates to OS in patients with mRCC. * We report for the first time the independent prognostic role of baseline TB in multivariate analysis. * We believe that this information  could be translated into clinical practice.

 

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[570]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Suppression of IGHG1 gene expression by siRNA leads to growth inhibition and apoptosis induction in human prostate cancer cell.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Mol Biol Rep. 2013 Jan;40(1):27-33. doi: 10.1007/s11033-012-1944-x. Epub 2012 Nov 2.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s11033-012-1944-x

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Pan B; Zheng S; Liu C; Xu Y

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China. 8228311@qq.com

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - To investigate the immunoglobulin G (IgG) expression in prostate cancer cell lines and explore the effects of IGHG1 gene knockdown on PC3 cell growth and apoptosis. Flow cytometry, qPCR and western blot were used to demonstrate IgG expression in prostate cancer cell lines. PC3 cells were transfected with designed siRNA, the expression of IgG was determined by qPCR and western blot, the proliferation and apoptosis were detected by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxy-phenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenil)-2H-tet razolium, inner salt (MTS) and flow cytometry. The percentages of IgG in LNCaP cell membrane and cytoplasm were 2.96 and 89.22 % by flow cytometer, those of PC3 cell were 86.73 and 90.99 % respectively. The average level of IgG1 mRNA expression in PC3 cell line was significantly higher than that in LNCaP cell line (3.08 +/- 0.15 vs 1.00 +/- 0.37, P = 0.001). The protein level of IgG expression  of PC3 cell line was 1.92 +/- 0.15, compared with LNCaP cell line (1.05 +/- 0.86). The expression of IgG1 mRNA and protein level in transfected PC3 cells decreased, with significant statistical differences from the blank control group  (P < 0.01). The PC3 cell growth inhibition rates were 31.3 and 43.3 % in 48 and 72 h respectively. The rate of apoptotic PC3 cells were 5.29 +/- 0.41 % in experimental group higher than that in control group (1.49 +/- 0.29 %) (P < 0.01). IgG was identified in prostate cancer cells, and the siRNA targeted silencing of IGHG1 can inhibit cell viability and promote apoptosis, which might  therefore act as a potential target in prostate cancer gene therapy.

 

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[571]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Salvage lymph node dissection with adjuvant radiotherapy for nodal recurrence of  prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Urol. 2012 Dec;188(6):2190-7. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.08.041. Epub 2012 Oct 18.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.juro.2012.08.041

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Jilg CA; Rischke HC; Reske SN; Henne K; Grosu AL; Weber W; Drendel V; Schwardt M; Jandausch A; Schultze-Seemann W

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Albert-Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.  cordula.jilg@uniklinik-freiburg.de

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: We evaluated the impact of salvage lymph node dissection with adjuvant radiotherapy in patients with nodal recurrence of prostate cancer. By default, nodal recurrence of prostate cancer is treated with palliative antihormonal therapy, which causes serious side effects and invariably leads to the development of hormone refractory disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 47 patients with nodal recurrence of prostate cancer based on evidence of (11)C-choline/(18)F-choline ((18)F-fluorethylcholine) positron emission tomography-computerized tomography underwent primary (2 of 52), secondary (45 of  52), tertiary (4 of 52) and quaternary (1 of 52) salvage lymph node dissection with histological confirmation. Of 52 salvage lymph node dissections 27 were followed by radiotherapy. Biochemical response was defined as a prostate specific antigen less than 0.2 ng/ml after salvage therapy. The Kaplan-Meier method, binary logistic regression and Cox regression were used to analyze survival as well as predictors of biochemical response and clinical progression. RESULTS: Mean prostate specific antigen at salvage lymph node dissection was 11.1 ng/ml. A mean of 23.3 lymph nodes were removed per salvage lymph node dissection. Median followup was 35.5 months. Of 52 salvage lymph node dissections 24 resulted in complete biochemical response followed by 1-year biochemical recurrence-free survival of 71.8%. Gleason 6 or less (OR 7.58, p = 0.026), Gleason 7a/b (OR 5.91, p = 0.042) and N0 status at primary therapy (OR 8.01, p = 0.011) were identified  as independent predictors of biochemical response. Gleason 8-10 (HR 3.5, p = 0.039) as a preoperative variable, retroperitoneal positive lymph nodes (HR 3.76, p = 0.021) and incomplete biochemical response (HR 4.0, p = 0.031) were identified as postoperative predictors of clinical progression. Clinical progression-free survival was 25.6% and cancer specific survival was 77.7% at 5 years. CONCLUSIONS: Based on (11)C/(18)F-choline positron emission tomography-computerized tomography as a diagnostic tool, salvage lymph node dissection is feasible for the treatment of nodal recurrence of prostate cancer.  Most patients experience biochemical recurrence after salvage lymph node dissection. However, a specific population has a lasting complete prostate specific antigen response.

 

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[572]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Prospective study of effect modification by Toll-like receptor 4 variation on the association between Trichomonas vaginalis serostatus and prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Cancer Causes Control. 2013 Jan;24(1):175-80. doi: 10.1007/s10552-012-0103-y. Epub 2012 Nov 21.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s10552-012-0103-y

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Chen YC; Huang YL; Platz EA; Alderete JF; Zheng L; Rider JR; Kraft P; Giovannucci E; Sutcliffe S

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. karenchen@ntu.edu.tw

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: In previous studies, we observed a positive association between Trichomonas vaginalis serostatus and risk of prostate cancer, particularly aggressive cancer, which we hypothesized might be due to T. vaginalis-mediated intraprostatic inflammation and cell damage. To explore this hypothesis further,  we investigated effect modification by Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) variation on this association. We hypothesized that TLR4 variation might serve a marker of the anti-trichomonad immune response because T. vaginalis has been shown to elicit inflammation through this receptor. METHODS: We previously genotyped the non-synonymous TLR4 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs4986790, and determined T. vaginalis serostatus for 690 incident prostate cancer cases and 692 controls in a nested case-control study within the Health Professionals Follow-up Study. RESULTS: A non-significant suggestion of effect modification was observed  by rs4986790 carrier status on the association between T. vaginalis serostatus and prostate cancer risk (p interaction = 0.07). While no association was observed among men homozygous wildtype for this SNP (odds ratio (OR) = 1.23, 95 % confidence interval (CI): 0.86-1.77), a positive association was observed among variant carriers (OR = 4.16, 95 % CI: 1.32-13.1). CONCLUSIONS: Although not statistically significant, TLR4 variation appeared to influence the association between T. vaginalis serostatus and prostate cancer risk consistent with the hypothesis that inflammation plays a role in this association. Larger studies will be necessary to explore this possible effect modification further.

 

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[573]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Chk1 knockdown confers radiosensitization in prostate cancer stem cells.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Oncol Rep. 2012 Dec;28(6):2247-54. doi: 10.3892/or.2012.2068. Epub 2012 Oct 1.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 3892/or.2012.2068

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Wang X; Ma Z; Xiao Z; Liu H; Dou Z; Feng X; Shi H

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, PR China.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Radioresistance is responsible for treatment failure after radiotherapy in localized prostate cancer, while prostate cancer stem cells promote radioresistance by preferential activation of the DNA damage response. Chk1 inhibition has been shown to sensitize many tumor cells to radiation. However, whether Chk1 inhibition can potentiate the cytotoxic effects of radiation on prostate cancer stem cells remains to be elucidated. In this study, CD133+CD44+ cells were isolated using microbeads and were found to possess cancer stem cell properties. Using shRNA, Chk1 was knocked down in the sorted CD133+CD44+ cells. Our results demonstrated that Chk1 knockdown abrogated the radiation-induced G2/M arrest, inhibited DNA damage repair and promoted premature mitosis, leading to increased apoptosis in the radiated sorted CD133+CD44+ cells. Moreover, these effects were accompanied by caspase-2 activation and the inactivation of phosphorylated Cdc25C and Cdc2. Our results suggest that Chk1 knockdown increases the radiosensitivity of CD133+CD44+ prostate cancer stem cells. Chk1 knockdown in prostate cancer stem cells may be an effective therapeutic strategy against prostate cancer.

 

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[574]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - The influence of MRI scan position on image registration accuracy, target delineation and calculated dose in prostatic radiotherapy.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Br J Radiol. 2012 Dec;85(1020):e1256-62. doi: 10.1259/bjr/26802977.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1259/bjr/26802977

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Hanvey S; Sadozye AH; McJury M; Glegg M; Foster J

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Clinical Physics and Bioengineering, Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, Glasgow, UK. scott.hanvey@ggc.scot.nhs.uk

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - OBJECTIVE: To investigate the necessity of performing MRI in the radiotherapy position when using MRI for prostatic radiotherapy. METHODS: 20 prostate patients received a CT, diagnostic MRI and an MRI scan in the radiotherapy position. The quality of registration between CT and MRI was compared between the two MRI set-ups. The prostate and seminal vesicles were contoured using all scans and intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) plans were generated. Changes in the target volume and IMRT plans were investigated. Two-tailed paired Student’s t-tests determined the statistical significance. RESULTS: There was a decrease in the mean distance from the centre of the bony anatomy between CT and MRI (from 3.9 to 1.9 mm, p-value<0.0001) when the MRI scan was acquired in the radiotherapy position. Assuming that registering CT with an MRI scan in the radiotherapy position is the gold standard for delineating the prostate and seminal vesicles,  using a planning target volume delineated on the CT with a diagnostic MRI scan viewed separately, resulted in a mean conformation number of 0.80 instead of the  expected 0.98 (p<0.0001). CONCLUSION: By registering CT with an MRI scan in the radiotherapy position, there is a statistically significant improvement in the registration and IMRT quality. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE: To achieve an acceptable registration and IMRT quality in prostatic radiotherapy, neither CT with a separate diagnostic MRI nor CT registered to a diagnostic MRI will suffice. Instead, a CT registered with an MRI in the radiotherapy position should be used.

 

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[575]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Cancer survivors’ perception of participation in a long-term follow-up study.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Med Ethics. 2013 Jan;39(1):41-5. doi: 10.1136/medethics-2012-100583. Epub 2012  Oct 9.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1136/medethics-2012-100583

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Dunberger G; Thulin H; Waldenstrom AC; Lind H; Henningsohn L; Avall-Lundqvist E; Steineck G; Kreicbergs U

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Clinical Cancer Epidemiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. gail.dunberger@ki.se

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Every year medical researchers make contact with a large number of cancer survivors with the aim of evaluating cancer treatment. For this reason we decided to investigate how Swedish cancer survivors perceived their participation in research studies focusing on the long-term consequences of being a survivor of gynaecological or urinary bladder cancer. Data were collected by means of two study-specific postal questionnaires, both consisting of questions covering physical symptoms, well-being and the experience of being a cancer survivor. Both questionnaires also included questions evaluating the participants’ experience of being research subjects. The questionnaires were developed in close co-operation  with cancer survivors. The study population consisted of 1068 cancer survivors. Of these, 95% (n=1003) reported that they thought the study was valuable and 54%  (n=559) that they had been positively affected by participating. Four per cent (n=39) expressed that they had been negatively affected by their participation in the study. The vast majority of the cancer survivors thought that participating in their particular study was valuable.

 

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[576]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - A candidate molecular biomarker panel for the detection of bladder cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2012 Dec;21(12):2149-58. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-12-0428. Epub 2012 Oct 24.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1158/1055-9965.EPI-12-0428

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Urquidi V; Goodison S; Cai Y; Sun Y; Rosser CJ

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Cancer Research Institute, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center Orlando, Orlando, FL, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Bladder cancer is among the five most common malignancies worldwide,  and due to high rates of recurrence, one of the most prevalent. Improvements in noninvasive urine-based assays to detect bladder cancer would benefit both patients and health care systems. In this study, the goal was to identify urothelial cell transcriptomic signatures associated with bladder cancer. METHODS: Gene expression profiling (Affymetrix U133 Plus 2.0 arrays) was applied  to exfoliated urothelia obtained from a cohort of 92 subjects with known bladder  disease status. Computational analyses identified candidate biomarkers of bladder cancer and an optimal predictive model was derived. Selected targets from the profiling analyses were monitored in an independent cohort of 81 subjects using quantitative real-time PCR (RT-PCR). RESULTS: Transcriptome profiling data analysis identified 52 genes associated with bladder cancer (P </= 0.001) and gene models that optimally predicted class label were derived. RT-PCR analysis of 48 selected targets in an independent cohort identified a 14-gene diagnostic signature that predicted the presence of bladder cancer with high accuracy. CONCLUSIONS: Exfoliated urothelia sampling provides a robust analyte for the evaluation of patients with suspected bladder cancer. The refinement and validation of the multigene urothelial cell signatures identified in this preliminary study may lead to accurate, noninvasive assays for the detection of bladder cancer. IMPACT: The development of an accurate, noninvasive bladder cancer detection assay would benefit both the patient and health care systems through better detection, monitoring, and control of disease.

 

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[577]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Radiosynthesis, biodistribution and imaging of [11C]YM155, a novel survivin suppressant, in a human prostate tumor-xenograft mouse model.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Nucl Med Biol. 2013 Feb;40(2):221-6. doi: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2012.10.002. Epub 2012 Nov 7.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.nucmedbio.2012.10.002

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Murakami Y; Matsuya T; Kita A; Yamanaka K; Noda A; Mitsuoka K; Nakahara T; Miyoshi S; Nishimura S

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., Tsukuba, Japan. yoshihiro.murakami@astellas.com

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - INTRODUCTION: Sepantronium bromide (YM155) is an antitumor drug in development and is a first-in-class chemical entity, which is a survivin suppressant. We developed a radiosynthesis of [(11)C]YM155 to non-invasively evaluate its tissue  and tumor distribution in mice bearing human prostate tumor xenografts. METHODS:  Methods utilizing [(11)C]acetyl chloride and [(11)C]methyl triflate, both accessible with automated radiosynthesis boxes, were evaluated. The O-methylation of ethanolamine-alkolate with [(11)C]methyl triflate proved to be the key development toward a rapid and efficient process. The whole-body distribution of  [(11)C]YM155 in PC-3 xenografted mice was examined using a planar positron imaging system (PPIS). RESULTS: Sufficient quantities of radiopharmaceutical grade [(11)C]YM155 were produced for our PET imaging and distribution studies. The decay corrected (EOB) radiochemical yield was 16-22%, within a synthesis time of 47 min. The radiochemical purity was higher than 99%, and the specific activity was 29-60 GBq/mumol (EOS). High uptake levels of radioactivity (%ID/g, mean+/-SE) were observed in tumor (0.0613+/-0.0056), kidneys (0.0513+/-0.0092), liver (0.0368+/-0.0043) and cecum (0.0623+/-0.0070). The highest tumor uptake was observed at an early time point (from 10 min after) following injection. Tumor-to-blood and tumor-to-muscle uptake ratios of [(11)C]YM155, at 40 min after injection, were 26.5 (+/-2.9) and 25.6 (+/-3.6), respectively. CONCLUSION: A rapid method for producing a radiopharmaceutical grade [(11)C]YM155 was developed. An in vivo distribution study using PPIS showed high uptake of [(11)C]YM155 in tumor tissue. Our methodology may facilitate the evaluation and prediction of response to YM155, when given as an anti-cancer agent.

 

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[578]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Health benefits and costs of screening for colorectal cancer in people on dialysis or who have received a kidney transplant.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2013 Apr;28(4):917-26. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfs490. Epub 2012 Nov 25.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1093/ndt/gfs490

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Wong G; Li MW; Howard K; Hua DK; Chapman JR; Bourke M; Turner R; Tong A; Craig JC

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - *Correspondence and offprint requests to: Germaine Wong; E-mail: germaine.wong@health.nsw.gov.au.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Background Despite the higher risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) in people with chronic kidney disease, it remains uncertain whether early detection through screening is cost-effective in this setting. We aimed to determine the costs and  health benefits of CRC screening in people on dialysis or who have received a kidney transplant. Methods Using a government health perspective, three probabilistic Markov models were constructed to compare the cost-effectiveness and cost-utility of annual immunochemical faecal occult blood test (iFOBT) screening against no-screening in a cohort of 1000 patients (age 50-70 years) on  dialysis and with kidney transplants. A series of one-way, multi-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess the robustness of the model structure and the extent in which the model’s assumptions were sensitive to the uncertainties within the input variables. Results The incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) of CRC screening compared with no-screening were $138 828 per quality-adjusted life year [QALY; $122 977 per life year saved  (LYS)], $121 973 per QALY ($ 85 095 per LYS) and $44 790 per QALY ($25 036 per LYS) for dialysis patients not listed on the transplant waiting list, patients on the transplant waiting list and patients with kidney transplants, respectively. The test specificity of iFOBT, the starting age of screening and cancer prevalence were influential factors that determined the overall cost-effectiveness of screening in this setting. Conclusion Screening for CRC using iFOBT may reduce cancer-specific mortality in patients on dialysis and with kidney transplants. However, the benefits and costs of screening CRCs in patients on dialysis, especially for those deemed not suitable for transplantation, greatly exceeded the typical thresholds for acceptable cost-effectiveness.

 

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[579]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Re: Inactivation of androgen-induced regulator ARD1 inhibits androgen receptor acetylation and prostate tumorigenesis.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Urol. 2012 Nov;188(5):2015-6. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.07.065. Epub 2012 Sep 20.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.juro.2012.07.065

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Atala A

 

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[580]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Clinical profile and epidemiological changes of clear cell renal carcinoma during 12 years in our health area.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Arch Esp Urol. 2012 Nov;65(9):823-9.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Lorenzo-Gomez MF; Padilla-Fernandez B; Antunez-Plaza P; Gracia-Criado FJ; Miron-Canelo JA; Silva Abuin JM

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Urology Department, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Salamanca, Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Salamanca, España. mflorenzogo@yahoo.es

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - OBJECTIVES: To investigate changes in the epidemiology and clinical profile of patients diagnosed with renal clear cell carcinoma in a community health area over 12 years. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of epidemiological characteristics and clinical profile of patients diagnosed with renal clear cell carcinoma in a health area composed of a population of 353.619 inhabitants from January 1999 to  December 2010. Descriptive statistical and multivariate analysis, Fisher exact test and Chi-Square were utilized. p<0.05 was accepted as significant. RESULTS: 349 diagnoses of renal mass were reported; 165 of them were clear renal cell carcinoma. Median age was 70.41 years, and the Female/Male rate was 28% and 72%,  respectively. 4% women and 30% men smoked >/=20 cigarettes/day, more frequently during the period 1999-2001. 52% women and 30% men had hypertension. Hematuria was the most frequent symptom (23%), more frequent in the period 2007-2010, followed by abdominal pain (16%) and renal colic(13%). Weight loss (12%) was more frequent between 1999-2000. Asthenia appeared as the first symptom in 8% of cases. The tumor was incidentally diagnosed in 20% of cases, more frequently in the period between 2007-2010. Diagnosis was established in the Urology Department in 36% of the cases. Stages T1-2 N0 were more frequent between 2007-2010, and M1  between 1999-2000. G3 was more frequent in the entire series. The relative cancer specific mortality of patients who were surgically treated was less in the last 2 years of the period. CONCLUSIONS: Clear renal cell carcinoma is the most frequent renal cancer and its incidence is increasing in our environment. It affects more  frequently males than females, and at an earlier age. The last few years are showing a decrease in the habitual smoker males and an increase in HTN in females. A tendency has been detected to the early stage clinical diagnosis but with a higher histopathological grade. It is most frequent diagnosed by a non-Urology speciality.

 

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[581]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Quantitative proteomic analysis in metastatic renal cell carcinoma reveals a unique set of proteins with potential prognostic significance.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Mol Cell Proteomics. 2013 Jan;12(1):132-44. doi: 10.1074/mcp.M112.020701. Epub 2012 Oct 17.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1074/mcp.M112.020701

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Masui O; White NM; DeSouza LV; Krakovska O; Matta A; Metias S; Khalil B; Romaschin AD; Honey RJ; Stewart R; Pace K; Bjarnason GA; Siu KW; Yousef GM

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Chemistry and Centre for Research in Mass Spectrometry, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M3J 1P3.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the most treatment-resistant malignancies, and patients have a dismal prognosis, with a <10% five-year survival rate. The identification of markers that can predict the potential for metastases will have a great effect in improving patient outcomes. In this study, we used differential proteomics with isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) labeling and LC-MS/MS analysis to identify proteins that are differentially expressed in metastatic and primary RCC. We identified 1256 non-redundant proteins, and 456 of these were quantified. Further analysis identified 29 proteins that were differentially expressed (12 overexpressed and 17 underexpressed) in metastatic and primary RCC. Dysregulated protein expressions of profilin-1 (Pfn1), 14-3-3 zeta/delta (14-3-3zeta), and galectin-1  (Gal-1) were verified on two independent sets of tissues by means of Western blot and immunohistochemical analysis. Hierarchical clustering analysis showed that the protein expression profile specific for metastatic RCC can distinguish between aggressive and non-aggressive RCC. Pathway analysis showed that dysregulated proteins are involved in cellular processes related to tumor progression and metastasis. Furthermore, preliminary analysis using a small set of tumors showed that increased expression of Pfn1 is associated with poor outcome and is a potential prognostic marker in RCC. In addition, 14-3-3zeta and  Gal-1 also showed higher expression in tumors with poor prognosis than in those with good prognosis. Dysregulated proteins in metastatic RCC represent potential  prognostic markers for kidney cancer patients, and a greater understanding of their involved biological pathways can serve as the foundation of the development of novel targeted therapies for metastatic RCC.

 

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[582]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Micropapillary carcinoma: new variant of prostatic acinar adenocarcinoma.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2012 Nov;136(11):1447-50. doi: 10.5858/arpa.2011-0359-CR.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 5858/arpa.2011-0359-CR

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Mneimneh WS; Linos K; Shah P; Jennings TA; Fisher H; Nazeer T

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Pathology, Albany Medical Center, Pathology Department MC-81, 47 New Scotland Ave, Albany NY, 12208, USA. wadadmneimneh@yahoo.com

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - A micropapillary variant of prostatic acinar adenocarcinoma has not been reported in the literature. Herein, we report a case of a 50-year-old patient who presented with an elevated prostate-specific antigen concentration and was subsequently diagnosed with prostatic acinar adenocarcinoma on biopsy. Radical prostatectomy specimen revealed prostatic carcinoma with Gleason score 4 + 5 = 9/10, with micropapillary component constituting 80% of tumor volume. Immunohistochemical studies of the prostate carcinoma showed a homogeneously positive prostate-specific antigen and alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase, high-molecular-weight cytokeratin, and p63 protein cocktail pattern of staining in both micropapillary and conventional components. Pelvic lymph nodes were negative for metastatic disease. In contrast to the aggressive behavior of micropapillary carcinomas of other organs, the disease in our patient has thus far followed a more benign course, with low stage on presentation and a 2-year follow-up free of disease. However, prognostic correlation should be established  on large series in order to assign this variant to a grade category within the Gleason scheme.

 

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[583]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Auxotrophic recombinant Mycobacterium bovis BCG overexpressing Ag85B enhances cytotoxicity on superficial bladder cancer cells in vitro.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2013 Feb;97(4):1543-52. doi: 10.1007/s00253-012-4416-2. Epub 2012 Sep 30.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s00253-012-4416-2

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Begnini KR; Rizzi C; Campos VF; Borsuk S; Schultze E; Yurgel VC; Nedel F; Dellagostin OA; Collares T; Seixas FK

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Biotecnologia-PPGB, Grupo de Pesquisa em Oncologia Celular e Molecular, Biotecnologia/Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnologico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitario s/n, Capao do Leao, Pelotas, RS 96010-900, Brazil.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BCG therapy remains at the forefront of immunotherapy for treating patients with  superficial bladder cancer. The high incidence of local side effects and the presence of non-responder diseases have led to efforts to improve the therapy. Hence, we proposed that an auxotrophic recombinant BCG strain overexpressing Ag85B (BCG leuD/Ag85B), could enhance the cytotoxicity to the human bladder carcinoma cell line 5637. The rBCG was generated using an expression plasmid encoding the mycobacterial antigen Ag85B to transform a BCG leuD strain. The inhibitory effect of BCG leuD/Ag85B on 5637 cells was determined by the MTT method, morphology observation and a LIVE/DEAD assay. Gene expression profiles for apoptotic, cell cycle-related and oxidative stress-related genes were investigated by qRT-PCR. Bax, bcl-2 and p53 induction by BCG leuD/Ag85B treatment was evaluated by Western blotting. BCG leuD/Ag85B revealed a superior cytotoxicity effect compared to the control strains used in this study. The results showed that the expression level of pro-apoptotic and cell cycle-related  genes increased after BCG leuD/Ag85B treatment, whereas the mRNA levels of anti-apoptotic genes decreased. Interestingly, BCG leuD/Ag85B also increased the  mRNA level of antioxidant enzymes in the bladder cancer cell line. Bax and p53 proteins levels increased following treatment. In conclusion, these results suggest that treatment with BCG leuD/Ag85B enhances cytotoxicity for superficial  bladder cancer cells in vitro. Therefore, rBCG therapy may have potential benefits in the treatment of bladder cancer.

 

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[584]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Multiplex detection platform for tumor markers and glucose in serum based on a microfluidic microparticle array.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Anal Chim Acta. 2012 Nov 2;751:146-54. doi: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.09.007. Epub 2012  Sep 13.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.aca.2012.09.007

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Zhu Q; Trau D

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Bioengineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - We present a multiplex detection platform based on a microfluidic microparticle array to detect proteins and glucose in serum simultaneously. Multiplex detection of proteins and glucose was performed using biofunctionalized microparticles arrayed on gel-based microstructures integrated in microfluidics. The microparticles immobilized on these microstructures showed high stability under microfluidic flow conditions. With arrays of antibody-coated microbeads, microfluidic quantitative immunoassays for two protein tumor markers, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and prostate specific antigen (PSA) were performed in serum samples with detection limits bellow the cut-off values for cancer diagnosis. Parallel to the immunoassays, quantitative enzymatic assays for glucose in the physiological concentration range were performed. Multiplex detection was achieved by using a spatially encoded microarray. By patterning antibody-coated microbeads and enzyme-containing microparticles on a novel mixed  structure array, we successfully demonstrated simultaneous immunoassays (binding  based assay) for proteins and an enzymatic assay (reaction kinetic based assay) for glucose. Our microparticle arrays could be potentially used for the detection of multiple categories of biomolecules (proteins, small metabolites and DNA) for  clinical diagnostics and other biological applications.

 

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[585]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Identification of proteins differentially expressed in adriamycin-resistant (pumc-91/ADM) and parental (pumc-91) human bladder cancer cell lines by proteome  analysis.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2013 Mar;139(3):509-19. doi: 10.1007/s00432-012-1350-8.  Epub 2012 Nov 27.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s00432-012-1350-8

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Meng Q; Lei T; Zhang M; Zhao J; Zhao XH; Zhang M

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Clinical Laboratory Center, Shijitan Hospital Affiliated with Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: Resistance to chemotherapy drugs remains a difficult problem in bladder  cancer treatment. Protein expression is an important factor underlying multidrug  resistance (MDR) in bladder cancer. The aim of the study was to explore differentially expressed proteins responsible for MDR between an adriamycin-resistant human bladder cancer cell line (pumc-91/ADM) and its parental cell line (pumc-91). METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) combining image analysis was used to screen the differentially expressed protein  spots between the pumc-91/ADM and pumc-91 cell lines. Then, the protein spots were identified using MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry. Among the identified proteins, annexin A2 (ANXA2) and nucleophosmin (NPM1) were then further verified  using RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. RESULTS: A total of 30 proteins, including 19 up-regulated and 11 down-regulated proteins, were successfully identified in pumc-91/ADM. According to their different functions, these 30 proteins were classified into 12 categories. Annexin A2 (ANXA2) and nucleophosmin (NPM1) were up-regulated in pumc-91/ADM compared with pumc-91. CONCLUSION: The proteins identified may have an important clinical significance in MDR, and ANXA2 and NPM1 may take part in mechanism of MDR in bladder cancer.

 

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[586]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Alpha-fetoprotein-producing carcinoma of the renal pelvis exhibiting hepatoid and urothelial differentiation.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Anticancer Res. 2012 Nov;32(11):4987-91.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Samaratunga H; Samaratunga D; Dunglison N; Perry-Keene J; Nicklin J; Delahunt B

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Aquesta Pathology, 21 Lissner Street, Toowong, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. hema@aquesta.com.au

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Neoplasms commonly associated with alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) production are hepatocellular carcinomas and some germ cell tumors, typically yolk sac tumor. Rare tumors of visceral origin may also be associated with AFP production and those exhibiting a distinctive morphology are now known as hepatoid adenocarcinomas. To date, eight such tumors have been reported from the bladder and a further four from the renal pelvis. We report a unique case of a mixed hepatoid adenocarcinoma and urothelial carcinoma of the renal pelvis and ureter,  in which both components were found to express AFP. An 84-year-old woman with a serum AFP level of 701 ng/ml was found to have advanced high-grade renal pelvi-calyceal and ureteral urothelial carcinoma exhibiting focal hepatoid adenocarcinoma differentiation. Both components displayed strong immunostaining for AFP. The patient was treated by radical nephro-uretectomy and postoperatively the serum AFP level declined to normal at a rate commensurate with its biological half-life. The presence of AFP expression in both the urothelial and hepatoid components of the tumor suggest that the molecular pathway changes associated with AFP production precede the hepatoid differentiation of tumor cells.

 

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[587]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Re: Long-term potency preservation following brachytherapy for prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Urol. 2012 Nov;188(5):1868. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.08.051. Epub 2012 Sep 19.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.juro.2012.08.051

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Seftel AD

 

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[588]

- CASTELLANO -

TÍTULO / TITLE:Secrecion inadecuada de hormona antidiuretica secundaria a carcinoma microcitico  de vejiga urinaria: una asociacion no descrita.

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Inadequate antidiuretic hormone secretion secondary to microcytic carcinoma of the urinary bladder: an undescribed association.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Rev Clin Esp. 2013 Mar;213(2):e13-e15. doi: 10.1016/j.rce.2012.08.002. Epub 2012  Oct 22.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.rce.2012.08.002

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Callejas-Diaz A; Laguna Del Estal P; Cuenca Abarca AB; Lledo Ybanez GM; Fernandez Tomas M; Garcia Montero P

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Majadahonda, Madrid, España. Electronic address: alejandro.callejasdiaz@gmail.com.

 

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[589]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Outcomes Following Radical Cystectomy for Nested Variant of Urothelial Carcinoma: A Matched Cohort Analysis.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Urol. 2012 Nov 6. pii: S0022-5347(12)05471-7. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.11.006.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.juro.2012.11.006

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Linder BJ; Frank I; Cheville JC; Thompson RH; Thapa P; Tarrell RF; Boorjian SA

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: We evaluated oncological outcomes after radical cystectomy in patients with the nested variant of urothelial carcinoma and compared survival to that in  patients with pure urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We identified 52 patients with the nested variant who were treated with radical cystectomy between 1980 and 2004. Pathological specimens were re-reviewed by a single genitourinary pathologist. Patients were matched 1:2 by age, gender, ECOG  (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group) performance status, pathological tumor stage and nodal status to patients with pure urothelial carcinoma. Survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared with the log rank test. RESULTS: Patients with the nested variant had a median age of 69.5 years (IQR 62, 74) and a median postoperative followup of 10.8 years (IQR 9.3, 11.2). Nested variant cancer was associated with a high rate of adverse pathological features since 36 patients (69%) had pT3-T4 disease and 10 (19%) had nodal invasion. Eight patients (15%) with nested variant cancer received perioperative chemotherapy. When patients with the nested variant were matched to a cohort with pure urothelial carcinoma, no significant differences were noted in 10-year local recurrence-free survival (83% vs 80%, p = 0.46) or 10-year cancer specific survival (41% vs 46%, p = 0.75). CONCLUSIONS: The nested variant of urothelial carcinoma is associated with a high rate of locally advanced disease at radical cystectomy. However, when stage matched to patients with pure urothelial carcinoma, patients with the nested variant did not have an increased rate of recurrence or adverse survival. Further studies are required to validate these findings and guide the optimal multimodal treatment approach to these patients.

 

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[590]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Value of prostate specific antigen density and percent free prostate specific antigen for prostate cancer prognosis.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Urol. 2012 Dec;188(6):2165-70. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.07.106. Epub 2012 Oct 18.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.juro.2012.07.106

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Busch J; Hamborg K; Meyer HA; Buckendahl J; Magheli A; Lein M; Jung K; Miller K; Stephan C

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Charite University Medicine, Berlin, Germany. jonas.busch@charite.de

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: Limited data exist on the relationship of percent free prostate specific antigen and prostate specific antigen density with prostate cancer prognosis. Therefore, we compared percent free prostate specific antigen and prostate specific antigen density with prostate specific antigen, Gleason sum and stage to predict prostate cancer prognosis in a large cohort using a single prostate specific antigen and free prostate specific antigen assay. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between 1999 and 2007 a total of 1,656 patients with prostate cancer underwent laparoscopic radical prostatectomy at the Charite Berlin. There were 322 patients excluded from analysis for a variety of reasons. The final 1,334 patients had prostate specific antigen, free prostate specific antigen, prostate volume and complete pathological analysis available. RESULTS: Median followup was 60.3 months (range 0.2 to 135). Median age (63 years, range 43 to 75) did not differ between the 1,092 patients without and the 242 with biochemical recurrence (p = 0.956), but prostate volume, prostate specific antigen and percent free prostate  specific antigen differed significantly (p <0.0001). While prostate specific antigen and prostate specific antigen density increased significantly in patients with Gleason less than 7, 7 and greater than 7 tumors, percent free prostate specific antigen decreased significantly (p <0.0001). Prostate specific antigen,  percent free prostate specific antigen and prostate specific antigen density differed significantly between pT2 and pT3 tumors, and between patients with vs without positive surgical margins. On univariate analysis Gleason sum, pathological stage, positive surgical margin, total prostate specific antigen, percent free prostate specific antigen and prostate specific antigen density were predictors of biochemical recurrence-free survival. Multivariate Cox regression analysis identified Gleason sum, pathological stage, positive surgical margin and prostate specific antigen density as independent predictors of biochemical recurrence-free survival, while percent free prostate specific antigen and total  prostate specific antigen failed to be significant. CONCLUSIONS: Few models for prostate cancer prognosis include prostate specific antigen density. There is substantial value in prostate specific antigen density but not in percent free prostate specific antigen for improving prostate cancer prognosis and biochemical recurrence prediction.

 

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[591]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Stereotactic radiosurgery for the treatment of melanoma and renal cell carcinoma  brain metastases.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Oncol Rep. 2013 Feb;29(2):407-12. doi: 10.3892/or.2012.2139. Epub 2012 Nov 14.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 3892/or.2012.2139

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Lwu S; Goetz P; Monsalves E; Aryaee M; Ebinu J; Laperriere N; Menard C; Chung C; Millar BA; Kulkarni AV; Bernstein M; Zadeh G

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Division of Neurosurgery, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and melanoma brain metastases have traditionally been  considered radioresistant lesions when treated with conventional radiotherapeutic modalities. Radiosurgery provides high-dose radiation to a defined target volume  with steep fall off in dose at lesion margins. Recent evidence suggests that stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is effective in improving local control and overall survival for a number of tumor subtypes including RCC and melanoma brain  metastases. The purpose of this study was to compare the response rate to SRS between RCC and melanoma patients and to identify predictors of response to SRS for these 2 specific subtypes of brain metastases. We retrospectively reviewed a  prospectively maintained database of all brain metastases treated with Gamma Knife SRS at the University Health Network (Toronto, Ontario) between October 2007 and June 2010, studying RCC and melanoma patients. Demographics, treatment history and dosimetry data were collected; and MRIs were reviewed for treatment response. Log rank, Cox proportional hazard ratio and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis using SPSS were performed. A total of 103 brain metastases patients (41  RCC; 62 melanoma) were included in the study. The median age, Karnofsky performance status score and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance score was 52 years (range 27-81), 90 (range 70-100) and 1 (range 0-2), respectively. Thirty-four lesions received adjuvant chemotherapy and 56 received pre-SRS whole  brain radiation therapy. The median follow-up, prescription dose, Radiation Therapy Oncology Group conformity index, target volume and number of shots was 6  months (range 1-41 months), 21 Gy (range 15-25 Gy), 1.93 (range 1.04-9.76), 0.4 cm3 (range 0.005-13.36 cm3) and 2 (range 1-22), respectively. Smaller tumor volume (P=0.007) and RCC pathology (P=0.04) were found to be positive predictors  of response. Actuarial local control rate for RCC and melanoma combined was 89% at 6 months, 84% at 12 months, 76% at 18 months and 61% at 24 months. Local control at 12 months was 91 and 75% for RCC and melanoma, respectively. SRS is a  valuable treatment option for local control of RCC and melanoma brain metastases. Smaller tumor volume and RCC pathology, predictors of response, suggest distinct  differences in tumor biology and the extent of radioresponse between RCC and melanoma.

 

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[592]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - The impact of anatomical radical retropubic prostatectomy on cancer control: the  30-year anniversary.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Urol. 2012 Dec;188(6):2219-24. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.08.028. Epub 2012 Oct 22.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.juro.2012.08.028

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Mullins JK; Feng Z; Trock BJ; Epstein JI; Walsh PC; Loeb S

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. jmulli12@jhmi.edu

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: Radical prostatectomy has decreased prostate cancer specific mortality in men with clinically localized prostate cancer. We report oncological outcomes  of the longest running series of nerve sparing radical retropubic prostatectomy on the 30th anniversary of the inaugural operation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 4,478 men underwent anatomical radical retropubic prostatectomy, as performed by a single surgeon (PCW), at the Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions from 1982 to 2011, without neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy. During a median followup of 10 years (range 1 to 29), we examined progression-free, metastasis-free and cancer specific survival. RESULTS: The overall 25-year progression-free, metastasis-free and cancer specific survival rates were 68%, 84% and 86%, respectively, although there were significant differences in treatment outcomes between men treated in the pre-PSA and PSA eras. In each era,  there were significant differences in progression-free, metastasis-free and cancer specific survival by D’Amico risk groups. In multivariable models considering prostatectomy features, pathological stage and grade were significantly associated with the risk of metastatic progression and disease specific mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Excellent prostate cancer specific survival was  demonstrated up to 30 years after surgery. Clinical risk categories and pathological tumor features were significant predictors of long-term disease specific outcomes, supporting their ongoing use in risk stratification and management decisions. Anatomical radical retropubic prostatectomy continues to represent the gold standard in the surgical management of clinically localized prostate cancer to which alternate treatment options should be compared.

 

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[593]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Inflammatory prognostic markers in clear cell renal cell carcinoma - preoperative C-reactive protein does not improve predictive accuracy.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - BJU Int. 2012 Dec;110(11 Pt B):E771-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11642.x. Epub 2012 Nov 7.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11642.x

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Bedke J; Chun FK; Merseburger A; Scharpf M; Kasprzyk K; Schilling D; Sievert KD; Stenzl A; Kruck S

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Eberhard-Karls-University Tuebingen, Germany.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - What’s known on the subject? and What does the study add? White blood cell count  and C-reactive protein are reliable prognostic RCC Biomarkers.Nevertheless, accepted cut-offs for risk stratifications are missing. Therefore, both parameters were re-evaluated and multivariable analyses revealed an optimal CRP breakpoint at 0.25 mg/dL to be best to stratify patients at risk of cancer-specific mortality. However, this CRP-based prediction added no additional information compared to a clinico-pathological based model. OBJECTIVE: To re-evaluate the prognostic and predictive significance of the preoperative white  blood cell (WBC) count and C-reactive protein (CRP) that independently predicts patient prognosis and to determine optimal threshold values for CRP. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From 1996 to 2005, 327 patients with surgery for clear cell renal cell carcinoma were retrospectively evaluated. Cox proportional hazard models were used, adjusted for the effects of tumour stage, size, Fuhrman grade and Karnofsky index, to evaluate the prognostic significance of WBC count and CRP and to identify threshold values. Identified thresholds were correlated with clinicopathological parameters and used to estimate cancer-specific survival. To  prove any additional predictive accuracy of the identified threshold it was compared with a clinicopathological base model using the Harrell concordance index (c-index). RESULTS: In univariable analyses WBC count was a significant prognostic marker at a concentration of 9.5/muL (hazard ratio [HR] 1.83) and 11.0/muL (HR 2.09) and supported CRP values of 0.25 mg/dL (HR 6.47, P < 0.001) and 0.5 mg/dL (HR 7.15, P < 0.001) as potential threshold values. If adjusted by  the multivariable models WBC count showed no clear breakpoint, but a CRP value of 0.25 mg/dL (HR 2.80, P = 0.027) proved to be optimal. Reduced cancer-specific survival was proved for CRP 0.25 mg/dL (median 69.9 vs 92.3 months). Median follow-up was 57.5 months with 72 (22%) tumour-related deaths. The final model built by the addition of CRP 0.25 mg/dL did not improve predictive accuracy (c-index 0.877) compared with the clinicopathological base model (c-index 0.881)  which included TNM stage, grading and Karnofsky index. CONCLUSIONS: Multivariable analyses revealed that an optimal breakpoint of CRP at a value of 0.25 mg/dL was  best to stratify patients at risk of cancer-specific mortality, but CRP 0.25 mg/dL added no additional information in the prediction model. Therefore we cannot recommend measuring CRP as the traditional parameters of TNM stage, grading and Karnofsky index are already of high predictive accuracy.

 

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[594]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Lymphadenectomy around the left renal vein in Siewert type II adenocarcinoma of the oesophagogastric junction.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Br J Surg. 2013 Jan;100(2):261-6. doi: 10.1002/bjs.8967. Epub 2012 Nov 23.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1002/bjs.8967

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Mine S; Sano T; Hiki N; Yamada K; Nunobe S; Yamaguchi T

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Cancer Institute Hospital, 3-8-31, Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan. shinji.mine@jfcr.or.jp

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: The extent of lymphadenectomy in patients with Siewert type II adenocarcinoma of the oesophagogastric junction is controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate lymph node involvement around the left renal vein. METHODS: Lymph node involvement and prognosis in patients with Siewert type II cancers treated by R0-1 surgical resection were investigated, with regard to lymphadenectomy around the left renal vein. Based on the incidence of involvement at each node, the node stations were divided into three tiers (first tier, more than 20 per cent involvement; second tier, 10-20 per cent involvement; third tier, less than 10 per cent involvement). RESULTS: Of 150 patients with type II oesophagogastric adenocarcinoma, 94 had left renal vein lymphadenectomy. The first lymph node tier included nodes along the lesser curvature, right cardia, left cardia and left gastric artery, with involvement of 28.0-46.0 per cent and a 5-year survival rate of 42-53 per cent in patients with positive nodes. The nodes around the lower mediastinum, left renal vein, splenic artery and coeliac axis constituted the second tier, with involvement of 12.7-18 per cent and a 5-year survival rate of 11-35 per cent. With regard to the left renal vein, the incidence of involvement was 17 per cent and the 5-year rate survival rate was 19 per cent. Multivariable analysis showed that left renal vein lymphadenectomy was  an independent prognostic factor in patients with pathological tumour category pathological T3-4 disease (hazard ratio 0.51, 95 per cent confidence interval 0.26 to 0.99; P = 0.048). CONCLUSION: Left renal vein nodal involvement is similar to that seen along the splenic artery, in the lower mediastinum and coeliac axis, with similar impact on patient survival.

 

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[595]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Editorial comment.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Urol. 2013 Jan;189(1):85. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.08.262. Epub 2012 Nov 16.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.juro.2012.08.262

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Keegan KA

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.

 

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[596]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Epithelial-mesenchymal transition, a novel target of sulforaphane via COX-2/MMP2, 9/Snail, ZEB1 and miR-200c/ZEB1 pathways in human bladder cancer cells.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Nutr Biochem. 2012 Nov 13. pii: S0955-2863(12)00211-2. doi: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2012.08.004.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.jnutbio.2012.08.004

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Shan Y; Zhang L; Bao Y; Li B; He C; Gao M; Feng X; Xu W; Zhang X; Wang S

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - School of Food Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150090, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, China.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Metastasis and recurrence of bladder cancer are the main reasons for its poor prognosis and high mortality rates. Because of its biological activity and high metabolic accumulation in urine, sulforaphane, a phytochemical exclusively occurring in cruciferous vegetables, has a powerful and specific potential for preventing bladder cancer. In this paper, sulforaphane is shown to significantly  suppress a variety of biochemical pathways including the attachment, invasion, migration and chemotaxis motion in malignant transitional bladder cancer T24 cells. Transfection with cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) overexpression plasmid largely  abolished inhibition of MMP2/9 expression as well as cell invasive capability by  sulforaphane. Moreover, sulforaphane inhibited the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process which underlies tumor cell invasion and migration mediated by E-cadherin induction through reducing transcriptional repressors, such as ZEB1 and Snail. Under conditions of over-expression of COX-2 and/or MMP2/9, sulforaphane was still able to induce E-cadherin or reduce Snail/ZEB1 expression, suggesting that additional pathways might be involved. Further studies indicated that miR-200c played a role in the regulation of E-cadherin via the ZEB1 repressor but not by the Snail repressor. In conclusion, the EMT and two recognized signaling pathways (COX-2/MMP2,9/ ZEB1, Snail and miR-200c/ZEB1) are all targets for sulforaphane. This study indicated that sulforaphane may possess  therapeutic potential in preventing recurrence of human bladder cancer.

 

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[597]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Expression of survivin and livin predicts early recurrence in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Surg Oncol. 2013 Apr;107(5):550-4. doi: 10.1002/jso.23272. Epub 2012 Oct 22.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1002/jso.23272

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Xi RC; Sheng YR; Chen WH; Sheng L; Gang JJ; Tong Z; Shan Z; Ying GH; Dong LC

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Cangzhou Clinical College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine of Hebei Medical Univercity, Cangzhou, China. qdrcx2008@yahoo.com.cn.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Survivin and livin are novel members of the inhibitor of apoptosis gene family (IAP) that controls mitotic progression and induces tumor cell invasion. This study aims to evaluate the association of both expression with clinical outcomes and risk of recurrence in patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NIMBC). PATIENTS AND METHODS: We investigated the expression of survivin and livin in 72 NMIBC samples using immunohistochemical staining (Envision Method). Survivin and livin were considered high-expressed when more than 10% of the cells expressed. The archival bladder tissue specimens from 11 normal controls were examined and studied. All patients with a follow-up of at most 5 years following initial transurethral resection (TUR) were included in the study. The association of both expression with established clinicopathologic factors and recurrence free survival (RFS) was analyzed using log-rank test and Cox regression analysis. RESUTS: Neither survivin nor livin was expressed in normal bladder urothelium. Survivin and livin were high-expressed in 84.7 and 75.0% of NIMBC. And in cases of recurrence, the high-expression (H-exp.) rates were 98.3 and 91.7% (P < 0.01), respectively. The recurrence of NIMBC was significantly associated with high expression of survivin and livin (P < 0.01, P  < 0.01), and G-3 tumors had a significantly greater proportion of high survivin expression than G-1 or/and G-2 tumors (P = 0.01); however, no association was found between expression of both and age, gender, pathology stage, or adjuvant therapy. High expression of survivin (RR:9.818, 95% CI: 1.109-86.911, P = 0.040)  and livin (RR: 4.199; 95% CI: 1.018-17.321; P = 0.047) was significantly powerful prognostic factors in Cox regression analysis for RFS. CONCLUSIONS: Expression of survivin and livin may influence the prognosis of NIMBC. This finding opens new perspectives for Survivin and livin prediction of early recurrence in NIMBC. J. Surg. Oncol. 2013;107:550-554. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

 

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[598]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Editorial comment.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Urol. 2013 Jan;189(1):52. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.08.263. Epub 2012 Nov 16.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.juro.2012.08.263

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Landrigan PJ

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Preventive Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New  York, USA.

 

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[599]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Axitinib: in advanced, treatment-experienced renal cell carcinoma.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Drugs. 2012 Dec 24;72(18):2375-84. doi: 10.2165/11209230-000000000-00000.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 2165/11209230-000000000-00000

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Yang LP; McKeage K

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Adis, Auckland, New Zealand. demail@springer.com

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Axitinib is a new inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptors 1-3, with greater inhibition potency than existing VEGF receptor inhibitors sunitinib, sorafenib and pazopanib. In a pivotal phase III trial in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma that had progressed despite first-line therapy, axitinib 5 mg twice daily significantly prolonged median progression-free survival (primary endpoint) compared with sorafenib 400 mg twice daily. A significant between-group difference favouring axitinib over sorafenib in terms of progression-free survival was maintained in the subgroups of patients who had previously received cytokine or sunitinib therapy. However, median overall survival was not significantly different between the treatment groups. Significantly more axitinib than sorafenib recipients achieved an objective response, and axitinib therapy significantly prolonged time to deterioration (a composite endpoint of death, disease progression and symptom worsening) relative  to sorafenib therapy. While its tolerability profile was generally consistent with that of other VEGF receptor inhibitors, axitinib was associated with a numerically lower incidence of palmar-plantar erythrodysaesthesia, cutaneous toxicity and anaemia than sorafenib in the phase III trial.

 

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[600]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Quantitative assessment of the association between TP53 Arg72Pro polymorphism and bladder cancer risk.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Mol Biol Rep. 2012 Nov 27.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s11033-012-2319-z

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Liu ZH; Bao ED

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Shanghai First People’s Hospital, Medical College of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, China.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Previous studies investigating the association between TP53 Arg72Pro polymorphism and bladder cancer risk reported controversial results. To quantify the strength  of association between TP53 Arg72Pro polymorphism and bladder cancer risk, we performed this meta-analysis. We searched PubMed, Embase and Wangfang databases for studies relating the association between TP53 Arg72Pro polymorphism and bladder cancer risk. We used the pooled odds ratios (ORs) with their 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CIs) to assess the association. Finally, data were available from a total of 16 case-control studies including a total of 5, 545 subjects (2,345 cases and 3,200 controls). Meta-analysis of all 16 studies showed TP53 Arg72Pro polymorphism was not associated with bladder cancer risk (All P values were more than 0.10). Subgroup analyses by ethnicity showed that TP53 Arg72Pro polymorphism contributed to bladder cancer risk in East Asians in three  genetic models (For Pro vs. Arg, Fixed-effects OR 1.18, 95 % CI 1.05-1.32; For ProPro vs. ArgArg, Fixed-effects OR 1.40, 95 % CI 1.11-1.77; For ProPro vs. ArgPro/ArgArg, Fixed-effects OR 1.32, 95 % CI 1.07-1.62). However, there was no significant association in Caucasians and the others (All P values were more than 0.05). Heterogeneity analyses suggested ethnicity was the major sources of heterogeneity. Thus, meta-analyses of available data suggest the Pro variant of TP53 Arg72Pro contributes to bladder cancer risk in East Asians. Besides, TP53 Arg72Pro polymorphism may have race-specific effects on bladder cancer risk and further studies are needed to elucidate this possible effect.

 

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[601]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Two novel hydroperoxylated products of 20(S)-protopanaxadiol produced by Mucor racemosus and their cytotoxic activities against human prostate cancer cells.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Biotechnol Lett. 2013 Mar;35(3):439-43. doi: 10.1007/s10529-012-1098-x. Epub 2012 Nov 27.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s10529-012-1098-x

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Chen G; Yang X; Nong S; Yang M; Xu B; Zhang W

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, People’s Republic of China. guangtong_chen@163.com

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Microbial transformation of 20(S)-protopanaxadiol (1) by Mucor racemosus AS 3.205 yielded two novel hydroperoxylated metabolites and three known hydroxylated metabolites. The structures of the metabolites were identified as 26-hydroxyl-20(S)-protopanaxadiol (2), 23,24-en-25-hydroxyl-20(S)-protopanaxadiol (3), 25,26-en-24®-hydroperoxyl-20(S)-protopanaxadiol (4), 23,24-en-25-hydroperoxyl-20(S)-protopanaxadiol (5), and 25-hydroxyl-20(S)-protopanaxadiol (6). 4 and 5 are new compounds. Metabolites 2,  4, and 5 showed the more potent inhibitory effects against DU-145 and PC-3 cell lines than the substrate.

 

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[602]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - FGFR3 Mutation Analysis in Voided Urine Samples to Decrease Cystoscopies and Cost in Nonmuscle Invasive Bladder Cancer Surveillance: A Comparison of 3 Strategies.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Urol. 2012 Nov 6. pii: S0022-5347(12)05470-5. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.11.005.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.juro.2012.11.005

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - van Kessel KE; Kompier LC; de Bekker-Grob EW; Zuiverloon TC; Vergouwe Y; Zwarthoff EC; Steyerberg EW

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Public Health, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: We determined whether FGFR3 mutation analysis of voided urine samples would be cost-effective to partly replace cystoscopy in the surveillance of patients treated for nonmuscle invasive urothelial carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this decision analytical study we analyzed data on 70 Dutch patients  with FGFR3 positive primary tumors and a median followup of 8.8 years. Surveillance strategies were compared in a Markov model. Modified surveillance consisted of FGFR3 mutation analysis of voided urine samples every 3 months, and  cystoscopy at 3, 12 and 24 months. Standard surveillance was defined as cystoscopy every 3 months and minimal surveillance was defined as cystoscopy at 3, 12 and 24 months. Analysis was stratified for 3 risk profiles, including surveillance after 1) the primary tumor, 2) the first to third recurrence and 3)  the fourth recurrence or more. Sensitivity analysis was performed to evaluate the impact of variations in cost, sensitivity and specificity. RESULTS: The probability of no recurrence after 2 years of surveillance after a primary tumor  was higher for modified surveillance than for standard and minimal surveillance,  eg after primary tumors (95.7% vs 95.0% and 93.9%, respectively). The total cost  of surveillance after the primary tumor was lower for minimal and modified surveillance (euro2,254 and euro2,558, respectively) than for standard surveillance (euro5,861). Results were robust to changing inputs over plausible ranges and consistent for each of the 3 risk profiles. CONCLUSIONS: Surveillance  in which cystoscopy is partly replaced by FGFR3 mutation analysis of urine seems  a safe, effective and cost-effective surveillance strategy. Further validation in larger cohorts is required.

 

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[603]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - The effect of carbohydrate restriction on prostate cancer tumor growth in a castrate mouse xenograft model.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Prostate. 2013 Apr;73(5):449-54. doi: 10.1002/pros.22586. Epub 2012 Oct 4.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1002/pros.22586

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Caso J; Masko EM; Ii JA; Poulton SH; Dewhirst M; Pizzo SV; Freedland SJ

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Division of Urologic Surgery, Duke Prostate Center, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: No- and low-carbohydrate diets delay tumor growth compared to western diet (WD) in prostate cancer (PCa) xenograft studies. The effect of these diets in concert with androgen deprivation is unknown. METHODS: A total of 160 male SCID mice were injected with 1x 10(5) LAPC-4 human PCa cells. Of these, 150 mice  were castrated and randomized to an ad libitum WD or fed via a paired-feeding protocol with a no-carbohydrate ketogenic diet (NCKD), 10% carbohydrate diet, or  20% carbohydrate diet. The remaining 10 mice were not castrated and were fed an ad libitum WD. The mice were sacrificed once volumes reached 1,000 mm(3) and survival tested using the log-rank test. Serum from the median surviving 8 mice/group was assayed for insulin, IGF-1, and IGFBP-3. RESULTS: Body weights were roughly equal among groups. The 10 non-castrated mice experienced accelerated tumor growth. Among castrated mice, WD had the most rapid tumor growth; 20% carbohydrate diet the slowest (P = 0.046). Survival was not significantly different among the various carbohydrate restricted groups (P = 0.51). When pooled, there was a non-significant trend (P = 0.11) in improved survival among the carbohydrate restricted diets versus WD. No significant difference in serum insulin, IGF-1, and IGFBP-3 levels was noted among all groups at pre-randomization or at sacrifice. CONCLUSIONS: A 20% carbohydrate diet slowed tumor growth versus a WD. Though the benefit of carbohydrate restriction was somewhat less than in prior studies in non-castrate mice, these data still suggest diets achievable in humans may play a role in PCa management. Prostate 73: 449-454, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

 

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[604]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Preoperative therapy for localized prostate cancer: a comprehensive overview.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Maturitas. 2013 Jan;74(1):3-9. doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2012.10.012. Epub 2012 Nov 14.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.maturitas.2012.10.012

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Hu J; Hsu J; Bergerot PG; Yuh BE; Stein CA; Pal SK

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Medical Oncology & Experimental Therapeutics, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - At the 2012 American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) Annual Meeting, two studies of preoperative systemic therapy for localized prostate cancer garnered significant attention. In the first, investigators evaluated various permutations of conventional hormonal therapies prior to prostatectomy, with detailed biomarker studies focused on tissue androgens. In the second, investigators assessed the novel CYP17 lyase inhibitor abiraterone prior to prostatectomy. Both studies provide a wealth of biological information, but the question remains - will preoperative systemic therapy ultimately be incorporated into clinical algorithms for prostate cancer? Herein, the existing literature for both preoperative hormonal and chemotherapeutic approaches is reviewed. We performed a MEDLINE search of published prospective and retrospective clinical studies assessing preoperative systemic therapy for prostate cancer from 1982 onwards, revealing a total of 75 publications meeting these criteria. Of these, 55 possessed a number of patients (i.e., greater than 10) deemed worth of the current analysis. Beyond outlining these datasets, we discuss the relevance of clinical and pathologic endpoints in assessing preoperative therapy.

 

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[605]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Lymphopenia is an independent predictor of inferior outcome in clear cell renal carcinoma.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Urol. 2013 Feb;189(2):454-61. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.09.166. Epub 2012 Oct 4.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.juro.2012.09.166

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Saroha S; Uzzo RG; Plimack ER; Ruth K; Al-Saleem T

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Medical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19111, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: A low absolute lymphocyte count is a likely index of poor systemic immunity that may be associated with aggressive features and inferior survival in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To determine the absolute lymphocyte count we retrospectively analyzed the preoperative blood count of 430 patients with a mean age of 60 years treated with primary surgical resection at our cancer center. Absolute lymphocyte count values as a continuous variable and at a level below 1,300 cells per mul, which was our  lowest reference value, were correlated with nuclear grade, pathological stage and TNM stage. We used the Kaplan-Meier method to estimate overall survival, stratified by absolute lymphocyte count status. RESULTS: As a continuous variable, low absolute lymphocyte count was associated with higher grade (p = 0.009), and higher pT stage (p = 0.034) and TNM stage (p <0.0001). Lymphopenia below 1,300 cells per mul was associated with high grade (p = 0.0043), pT stage (p = 0.051) and TNM stage (p <0.0001). At a median followup of 33.5 months lymphopenia was associated with inferior overall survival in a univariate model (p <0.0001), and on multivariate analysis independent of pT, N and M stages, patient age, grade, smoking history and comorbidities (p = 0.0102). Lymphopenia was also associated with inferior overall survival in a subset of young patients  (age 60 years or less) with no distant metastasis (p = 0.014). CONCLUSIONS: In 430 patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma lymphopenia was associated with lower overall survival independent of pT and TNM stages, nuclear grade, age, tobacco smoking and comorbidity index.

 

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[606]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Expression of NRF2 and NRF2-modulated genes in peripheral blood leukocytes of bladder cancer males.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Neoplasma. 2012 Nov 25. doi: 10.4149/neo_2013_016.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 4149/neo_2013_016

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Reszka E; Jablonowski Z; Wieczorek E; Gromadzinska J; Jablonska E; Sosnowski M; Wasowicz W

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (NRF2) is an oxidant-responsive transcription factor involved in induction of antioxidant genes. We assessed NRF2 and selected NRF2-modulated gene expression: glutathione S-transferase A1 and P1  (GSTA1 and GSTP1), mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (SOD2) in blood leukocytes  of 51 bladder cancer patients and 90 control males. Asignificant up-regulation of SOD2 expression (P=0.002) was observed in leukocytes of patients. NRF2 expression was positively correlated with GSTP1 and with SOD2 mRNA level, both in patients and controls. These data suggest disturbances in SOD2 transcription in circulating blood leukocytes of males with bladder cancer. Moreover, concomitant  constitutive expression of NRF2 and its target genes may suggest important role of NRF2 transcription factor in positive regulation of antioxidant genes, resulted in enhanced cytoprotection in human peripheral blood leukocytes. Keywords: NRF2, antioxidant gene expression, bladder cancer, leukocytes.

 

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[607]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Re: Wilms’ tumor metastatic to bilateral testes at presentation: case and review  of the literature.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Urol. 2012 Nov;188(5):1940. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.07.070. Epub 2012 Sep 20.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.juro.2012.07.070

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Canning DA

 

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[608]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - A comparative study of thulium laser resection of the prostate and bipolar transurethral plasmakinetic prostatectomy for treating benign prostatic hyperplasia.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - BJU Int. 2013 Apr;111(4):633-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11610.x. Epub 2012  Oct 29.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11610.x

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Peng B; Wang GC; Zheng JH; Xia SQ; Geng J; Che JP; Yan Y; Huang JH; Xu YF; Yang B

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, P.R. China.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - WHAT’S KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT? AND WHAT DOES THE STUDY ADD?: Thulium laser is a new generation of surgical laser. It is a minimally invasive technology with several  advantages, including rapid vaporization and minimal tissue damage and bleeding.  However, details regarding the safety and efficacy of thulium laser in treating BPH remains unknown. We performed a comparative study in 100 patients with BPH of the safety and efficacy of thulium laser resection of the prostate (TMLRP, n = 50) and bipolar transurethral plasmakinetic prostatectomy (TUPKP, n = 50). We found that the efficacy and indications were the same in TMLRP and TUPKP. In TUPKP, the morbidity of urethrostenosis was low, and was nearly bloodless in surgery and had higher safety. Nevertheless, TUPKP is more suitable for patients  with larger prostate volume. OBJECTIVE: To compare the safety and short-term efficacy of thulium laser resection of the prostate (TMLRP) and bipolar transurethral plasmakinetic prostatectomy (TUPKP) for the treatment of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). METHODS: A total of l00 patients diagnosed with BPH were randomly divided into two groups, treated with either TMLRP (50, group 1) or TUPKP (50, group 2). There was no significant difference in preoperative variables such as age, prostate volume, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level, International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax ) and postvoid residual urine volume (PVR) between the two groups. The perioperative parameters and therapeutic effects were recorded and compared between the two groups. RESULTS: There were significant differences in the following parameters between the two groups (TMLRP vs TUPKP [mean +/- SD]): operation duration, 61.2 +/- 24.2 vs 30.14 +/- 15.9 min; catheterization time, 1.8 +/- 0.4 vs 3.2 +/- 0.6 d; postoperative hospital stay, 3.3 +/- 0.8 vs 4.1 +/- 1.3 d. The volume of blood loss and postoperative bladder irrigation were significantly lower in TMLRP group than in the TUPKP group. At 1 month after the  operation, there were four cases of urethral stricture in the TUPKP group. At 3 months after the operation, IPSS, quality of life (QoL), Qmax and PVR were significantly improved, with no significant difference between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: TMLRP is superior to TUPKP in terms of safety, blood loss, recovery  time and complication rate, and is as efficacious as TUPKP for treating BPH. Operation duration was significantly longer in the TMLRP group than in the TUPKP  group.

 

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[609]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Pelvic radiotherapy after renal transplantation.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Anticancer Res. 2012 Nov;32(11):5083-6.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Dahlke S; Schwarz A; Bruns F; Bremer M; Miemietz M; Christiansen H; Meyer A

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Radiation Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: After renal transplantation, patients have a higher incidence of developing cancer necessitating pelvic radiotherapy, but there is a lack of data  for such therapy in this patient group. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Nine patients with  pelvic renal transplants were treated with pelvic radiotherapy between 04/2002 and 06/2011. Treatment was carried out for prostate (n=4), rectal (n=2), and anal cancer (n=1), osseous metastasis (n=1), and Hodgkin’s disease (n=1). The mean age of the transplants was 12.6 years. RESULTS: The mean total dose to the target volume was 60.2 Gy, the mean maximum dose to the transplant was 10.0 Gy, with a mean dose of 2.1 Gy. The mean creatinine clearance before start of radiotherapy was 48.9 ml/min. After a mean follow-up of 23 months, no patient showed failure of the transplant and the mean creatinine clearance was 64.2 ml/min. CONCLUSION:  Using modern radiotherapy techniques, low doses to the transplant can be achieved without compromising target treatment and without transplant failure. A mean dose of <4 Gy seems to be well-tolerated by the graft.

 

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[610]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Inherent grading characteristics of individual pathologists contribute to clinically and prognostically relevant interobserver discordance concerning broders’ grading of penile squamous cell carcinomas.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Urol Int. 2013;90(2):207-13. doi: 10.1159/000342639. Epub 2012 Oct 26.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1159/000342639

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Gunia S; Burger M; Hakenberg OW; May D; Koch S; Jain A; Birnkammer K; Wieland WF; Otto W; Hofstadter F; Fritsche HM; Denzinger S; Gilfrich C; Brookman-May S; May M

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Institute of Pathology, Johanniter Hospital Stendal, Stendal, Germany.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Introduction: We assessed the reproducibility and prognostic impact of the Broders’ grading system (BGS) in a cohort of 147 patients with surgically treated penile squamous cell carcinomas. Materials and Methods: Conventionally stained histology slides were graded according to the BGS in two rounds by two study pathologists. Reproducibility was assessed using k statistics. Multivariable analyses were calculated to predict cancer-specific survival (CSS). The ‘mean grade’ per pathologist per round was calculated by allocating grade points to each study case (G1-G4: 1-4 points) and dividing the sum of all grade points by the number of cases examined. Results: The BGS showed substantial interobserver variation (59-87% with k = 0.38-0.69) but almost perfect intraobserver reproducibility (91% with k = 0.86 and 96% with k = 0.94, respectively). The ‘mean grade’ per pathologist remained nearly constant in both rounds of examination (differences </=0.05 grade points) but differed between the two pathologists (up to 0.4 grade points). In multivariable analyses, the prognostic  impact of the BGS in terms of CSS was strongly pathologist-dependent. Conclusions: Clinically and prognostically relevant interobserver discordance concerning the BGS seems, at least in part, to be attributable to inherent ‘aggressive’ versus ‘reserved’ grading characteristics of individual pathologists.

 

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[611]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - High-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: update for a better identification  and treatment.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - World J Urol. 2012 Dec;30(6):833-40. doi: 10.1007/s00345-012-0967-1. Epub 2012 Oct 16.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s00345-012-0967-1

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Faba OR; Palou J; Breda A; Villavicencio H

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Fundacio Puigvert, C/Cartagena, 340-350, 08025 Barcelona, España. orodriguez@fundacio-puigvert.es

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: Despite standard treatment with transurethral resection (TUR) and adjuvant bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), many high-risk bladder cancers (HRBCs) recur and some progress. Based on a review of the literature, we aimed to establish the optimal current approach for the early diagnosis and management of  HRBC. METHODS: A MEDLINE® search was conducted to identify the published literature relating to early identification and treatment for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Particular attention was paid to factors such as quality of TUR,  importance of second TUR, substaging, and CIS. In addition, studies on urinary markers, photodynamic diagnosis, predictive clinical and molecular factors for recurrence and progression after BCG, and best management practice were analysed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Good quality of TUR and the implementation of photodynamic diagnosis in selected cases provide a more accurate diagnosis and reduce the risk of residual tumour in HRBC. Although insufficient evidence is available to warrant the use of new urinary molecular markers in isolation, their use in conjunction with cytology and cystoscopy may improve early diagnosis and follow-up. BCG plus maintenance for at least 1 year remains the standard adjuvant treatment for HRBC. Moreover, there is enough evidence to consider the implementation of new specific risk tables for patients treated with BCG. In HRBC patients with poor prognostic factors after TUR, early cystectomy should be considered.

 

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[612]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Midkine is associated with neuroendocrine differentiation in castration-resistant prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Prostate. 2013 May;73(6):657-67. doi: 10.1002/pros.22607. Epub 2012 Nov 5.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1002/pros.22607

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Nordin A; Wang W; Welen K; Damber JE

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Goteborg, Sweden.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is an incurable disease and both androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) and neuroendocrine differentiation (NED) are closely related to CRPC transition. More knowledge concerning neuroendocrine (NE)-transformed PC cells, the NED process and its association with CRPC, is needed. Expression of growth factor midkine (MDK) is correlated with poor clinical outcomes in various human cancers, including PC. In the present study, we have evaluated MDK expression and NED in two separate tumor groups: early and advanced PC. METHODS: Immunohistochemical analysis of MDK, the  neuronal marker tubulin-beta III (TUBB3) and the NE-marker chromogranin A (CGA) in a human archival material consisting of hormone naive (HN)/stage T1b (n = 29)  and CRPC (n = 24) tumors. Triple immunofluorescent imaging was performed on a selection of specimens. RESULTS: MDK, TUBB3, and CGA were upregulated in CRPC compared to HN tumors. MDK was highly associated to the expression of both CGA and TUBB3, and identified MDK-positive NE-like looking cells found to co-express  CGA or, more commonly, CGA together with TUBB3. CGA and TUBB3 staining displayed  a partial expression overlap, an overlap almost exclusively displaying also MDK expression. CONCLUSIONS: MDK upregulation in CRPC is associated with NED (shown by its relation to CGA and TUBB3). The results suggest that MDK represents an over-bridging marker between different populations of NE-like tumor cells, possibly as part of the NED process and associated CRPC transition, something that needs to be evaluated experimentally as does the applicability of MDK as a future target. Prostate 73: 657-667, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

 

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[613]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - The long and winding road to FDA approval of a novel prostate cancer test: our story.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Clin Chem. 2013 Jan;59(1):32-4. doi: 10.1373/clinchem.2012.198739. Epub 2012 Nov  28.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1373/clinchem.2012.198739

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Rittenhouse H; Blase A; Shamel B; Schalken J; Groskopf J

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - IR2DX, San Diego, CA, USA.

 

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[614]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Percutaneous cryoablation of renal masses: Washington University experience of treating 129 tumours.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - BJU Int. 2012 Nov 13. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11432.x.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11432.x

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Kim EH; Tanagho YS; Bhayani SB; Saad NE; Benway BM; Figenshau RS

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Division of Urology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - What’s known on the subject? and What does the study add? For patients who are unfit for extirpative surgery, percutaneous cryoablation (PCA) presents a minimally-invasive alternative for the treatment of renal masses. PCA has been demonstrated to be safe, with complication rates <10% being reported consistently. Studies have suggested that a minimal and insignificant decline in  renal function can occur after PCA. Finally, among studies with a follow-up >20 months, treatment success rates range from 75% to 96%. However, longer-term oncological and functional results for patients treated with PCA are relatively limited. The present study profiles one of the largest reported experiences with  PCA for renal masses: 129 tumours in 124 patients. Our complication rate was comparable to that observed in other reported studies. At a mean follow-up of 30  months, treatment success was achieved in 87% of tumours, which is in line with published PCA success rates. On multivariable analysis, tumour size >3.0 cm was found to be significantly associated with treatment failure. A minimal but statistically significant renal functional decline was observed, with 20% of patients experiencing a progression in National Kidney Foundation-Chronic Kidney  Disease stage. On multivariable analysis, age >70 years, hilar tumour location and postoperative day 1 estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min/1.73 m(2) were found to be significantly associated with renal functional decline. The present study confirms that PCA of renal masses represents a safe alternative to  surgery in patients with substantial medical comorbidities. In the present cohort, baseline patient and tumour characteristics probably impact the risk of tumour recurrence, as well as renal disease progression, after PCA. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate perioperative, oncological and functional outcomes after percutaneous cryoablation (PCA) for renal masses based on our single-centre experience. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We retrospectively identified 124 patients who underwent PCA for 129 renal tumours between March 2005 and June 2011. Patient demographics  and baseline clinical characteristics, tumour features, perioperative information, and postoperative outcomes were recorded. Oncological outcomes were  defined by radiographic evidence of recurrence on follow-up computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. Renal disease progression was defined by a change  in National Kidney Foundation-Chronic Kidney Disease stage. RESULTS: Patients had mean (sd) age of 72.6 (10.2) years; mean (sd) tumour size and nephrometry score were 2.7 (1.1) cm and 6.5 (1.7), respectively. Our overall complication rate was  9% (11/124), whereas the major (greater than Clavien II) complication rate was 2% (2/124). Significant predictors of renal disease progression following PCA included age >/= 70 years (odds ratio [OR], 4.31, P = 0.03), hilar tumour location (OR, 4.67, P = 0.04), and post operative day 1 estimated glomerular filteration rate </=60 mL/min/1.73 m(2) (OR, 7.09, P = 0.02). Our treatment success rate was 87% (112/129) at a mean (sd) follow-up of 30.2 (18.8) months. Tumour size >/=3.0 cm was significantly associated with PCA failure (hazard ratio, 3.21, P = 0.03). CONCLUSION: PCA provides a safe and oncologically effective alternative to extirpative surgery for renal masses in patients with significant medical comorbidities.

 

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[615]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Small cell-like change in prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, intraductal carcinoma, and invasive prostatic carcinoma: a study of 7 cases.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Hum Pathol. 2013 Mar;44(3):427-31. doi: 10.1016/j.humpath.2012.06.008. Epub 2012  Sep 29.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.humpath.2012.06.008

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Lee S; Han JS; Chang A; Ross HM; Montironi R; Yorukoglu K; Lane Z; Epstein JI

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Small cell carcinoma of the prostate is associated with poor prognosis and different treatment from conventional acinar adenocarcinoma. Given the important  clinicopathologic implications of a diagnosis of small cell carcinoma, we report  7 cases showing unusual, extensive small cell-like change in intraductal carcinoma and invasive carcinoma. Prostatic biopsies from 3 patients and radical  prostatectomy specimens from 4 patients showed variably extensive small cell-like high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and intraductal carcinoma. Five cases were associated with conventional acinar adenocarcinoma (2 cases with Gleason score 4 + 3 = 7; 3 cases with Gleason 3 + 4 = 7). No small cell carcinoma was seen. Small and large ducts with small cell-like change showed solid and cribriform proliferations of atypical cells with abrupt transition between centrally located populations of small cells and more typical large dysplastic cells at the duct periphery. Rosette-like formations were noted within some involved ducts. Small cell-like change was characterized by crowded cells with uniformly bland vesicular nuclei and minimal cytoplasm and no significant mitotic or apoptotic activity. In 3 cases, similar small cell-like morphology was noted focally in invasive carcinoma. The small cell-like areas were negative for synaptophysin and chromogranin, focally positive for TTF-1, and weakly positive for racemase. Ki-67 labeled less than 5% with predominant labeling of the larger  atypical cells and minimal reactivity in the small cell-like population. In summary, small cell-like change in prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, intraductal carcinoma, and invasive carcinoma is not associated with small cell carcinoma; shows no immunohistochemical evidence of neuroendocrine differentiation; and likely is not an adverse prognostic feature.

 

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[616]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Chronic histological damage in early indication biopsies is an independent risk factor for late renal allograft failure.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Am J Transplant. 2013 Jan;13(1):86-99. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2012.04304.x. Epub 2012 Nov 8.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1111/j.1600-6143.2012.04304.x

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Naesens M; Kuypers DR; De Vusser K; Vanrenterghem Y; Evenepoel P; Claes K; Bammens B; Meijers B; Lerut E

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, University Hospitals Leuven,  Belgium, EU. maarten.naesens@uzleuven.be

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - The impact of early histological lesions of renal allografts on long-term graft survival remains unclear. We included all renal allograft recipients transplanted at a single center from 1991 to 2001 (N = 1197). All indication biopsies performed within the first year after transplantation were rescored according to  the current Banff classification. Mean follow-up time was 14.8 +/- 2.80 years. In multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis, arteriolar hyalinosis and transplant glomerulopathy were independently associated with death-censored graft survival, adjusted for baseline demographic covariates. Arteriolar hyalinosis correlated with interstitial fibrosis, tubular atrophy, mesangial matrix increase, vascular intimal thickening and glomerulosclerosis. Clustering of the patients according to these chronic lesions, reflecting the global burden of chronic injury, associated better with long-term graft survival than each of the  chronic lesions separately. Early chronic histological damage was an independent  risk factor for late graft loss, irrespective whether a specific, progressive disease was diagnosed or not, while T cell-mediated rejection did not. We conclude that individual chronic lesions like arteriolar hyalinosis, tubular atrophy, interstitial fibrosis, glomerulosclerosis, mesangial matrix increase and vascular intimal thickening cannot be seen as individual entities. The global burden of early chronic histological damage within the first year after transplantation importantly affects the fate of the allografts.

 

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[617]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Monocarboxylate transporter 2 (MCT2) as putative biomarker in prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Prostate. 2012 Nov 28. doi: 10.1002/pros.22620.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1002/pros.22620

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Pertega-Gomes N; Vizcaino JR; Gouveia C; Jeronimo C; Henrique RM; Lopes C; Baltazar F

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B’s - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimaraes, Portugal.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Monocarboxylate transporter 2 (MCT2) is a transmembrane protein involved in the transport of monocarboxylates such as pyruvate and lactate. In a  previous study we described overexpression of MCT2 in prostate carcinoma raising  the hypothesis of using MCT2 as a possible biomarker in prostate cancer. With the present study we aimed to compare the pattern of expression of MCT2 and alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase (AMACR), in prostate carcinoma, PIN lesions, non-neoplastic prostate tissue, and normal prostate and compare their sensitivity and specificity. Also, we wanted to evaluate the value of using MCT2 in combination with AMACR and the negative markers 34betaE12 or p63 to detect prostate cancer. METHODS: A total of 349 cases, including prostate carcinoma, non-neoplastic prostate tissue and PIN lesions, from radical prostatectomies were examined by immunohistochemistry for AMACR, MCT2, p63, and 34betaE12, using tissue microarrays (TMAs). Normal prostate from radical cystoprostatectomy was also studied. RESULTS: Our study revealed that MCT2, similarly to AMACR, was consistently expressed in prostate cancer regardless of the Gleason score. In combination with AMACR and p63 or 34betaE12, MCT2 helped to improve the diagnosis of prostate carcinoma. Also, overexpression of MCT2 as well as AMACR in PIN lesions may indicate the involvement of these two proteins in prostate cancer initiation. CONCLUSIONS: We provided evidence for the presence of MCT2 in prostate cancer, selectively labeling malignant glands. Importantly, assessment of MCT2 together with AMACR, along with the negative markers, highly increases the accuracy in prostate cancer diagnosis. Prostate © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

 

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[618]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Bilateral Sertoli cell tumors of the testis-a likely new extracolonic manifestation of familial adenomatous polyposis.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Virchows Arch. 2012 Dec;461(6):713-5. doi: 10.1007/s00428-012-1332-x. Epub 2012 Oct 23.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s00428-012-1332-x

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Xiao GQ; Granato RC; Unger PD

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Pathology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA. guang-qian.xiao@mountsinai.org

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Testicular Sertoli cell tumors are rare and usually sporadic and unifocal. The large cell calcifying Sertoli cell tumor variant is known to be associated with Carney and Peutz-Jeghers syndromes and can be bilateral in these patient populations. There has been no documented association of Sertoli cell tumor with  familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) in the literature. The case presented is a bilateral Sertoli cell tumor occurring in a 34-year-old patient with FAP. The tumor had a conventional Sertoli cell tumor morphology, but with different morphology in the left and right sites. Beta-catenin immunostain showed strong nuclear reactivity in the tumor cells but not the nonneoplastic Sertoli cells. The presence of bilaterality as well as overexpression of beta-catenin by this tumor supports an association of the development of Sertoli cell tumor with the patient’s FAP syndrome and adenomatous polyposis coli inactivation.

 

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[619]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Low expression of SHP-2 is associated with less favorable prostate cancer outcomes.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Tumour Biol. 2013 Apr;34(2):637-42. doi: 10.1007/s13277-012-0590-1. Epub 2012 Nov 29.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s13277-012-0590-1

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Tassidis H; Brokken LJ; Jirstrom K; Bjartell A; Ulmert D; Harkonen P; Wingren AG

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Tumor Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - ABSTACT: Src homology 2 domain-containing tyrosine phosphatase-2 (SHP-2) is an important regulator of cell signaling because of its ability to dephosphorylate receptors of growth factors as well as the cytokines and tyrosine-phosphorylated  proteins associated with these receptors. In the current study, we used four different prostate cancer cell lines: PC3, DU145, LNCaP and LNCaP-IL6+. Tumor specimens from 122 patients with prostate cancer were analyzed using a tissue microarray. Our data demonstrate that all four prostate cancer cell lines express the SHP-2 protein. Additionally, low staining intensity and SHP-2 expression in the cytoplasm of cancer cells in prostate tumor specimens was inversely correlated with prostate volume (p = 0.041 and p = 0.042, respectively) whereas nuclear staining was positively correlated with extracapsular extension (p = 0.039). In our post-prostatectomy specimens, we found that patients with low SHP-2 expression had less favorable outcomes with respect to biochemical recurrence and clinical progression (p = 0.005 and p = 0.018, respectively). The  loss of cytoplasmic SHP-2 expression is associated with increased growth and prostatic cancer progression.

 

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[620]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Periurethral mass: a rare and puzzling entity.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Obstet Gynecol. 2012 Dec;120(6):1459-64. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0b013e3182699b8d.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Tunitsky E; Goldman HB; Ridgeway B

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery, Women’s Health Institute, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA. lena0605@gmail.com.

 

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[621]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Robotic partial nephrectomy: imperative vs elective indications.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Urology. 2012 Oct;80(4):833-7. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2012.06.045.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.urology.2012.06.045

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Long JA; Lee B; Eyraud R; Autorino R; Hillyer S; Stein RJ; Kaouk JH; Haber GP

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Section of Laparoscopic and Robotic Surgery, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of imperative or elective indications on the perioperative outcomes of patients undergoing robotic partial nephrectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between January 2008 and August 2011, 381 consecutive robotic partial nephrectomies were retrospectively included. Two groups of patients were identified: those who underwent the procedure for an imperative indication (n = 98) and those who underwent the procedure for an elective indication (n = 283). Perioperative and renal function outcomes were compared between the 2 groups. Multivariate analysis was performed to determine whether imperative indications were predictors of complications, chronic kidney disease stage upstaging, postoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate, and percentage of estimated glomerular filtration rate decrease. RESULTS: There were  no differences between the 2 groups with respect to RENAL score and tumor size. Patients in the imperative group were more likely to have a higher Charlson Comorbidity Index score (6 vs 4, P < .001), higher chronic kidney disease stage (P < .001), and lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (61.9 vs 88.6 mL/min/1.73 m(2), P < .001). Perioperative outcomes were similar with respect to  warm ischemia time, estimated blood loss, operative time, transfusion rate, positive surgical margin rate, and length of stay. Imperative indications were associated with higher major complication rate (7.22% vs 2.47%, P = .032), but not with overall (31.6% vs 26%, P = .62) and intraoperative complications (6.1% vs 3.2%, P = .22). In multivariate analysis, imperative indication was an independent predictor of postoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate but was not a predictor of percentage of estimated glomerular filtration rate decrease and chronic kidney disease upstaging. CONCLUSION: Patients undergoing robotic partial nephrectomy for an imperative indication have similar functional  outcomes than those with an elective indication. However, they are at higher risk of major complications.

 

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[622]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Glutathione S-transferase P1 gene polymorphism and bladder cancer susceptibility: an updated analysis.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Mol Biol Rep. 2013 Jan;40(1):687-95. doi: 10.1007/s11033-012-2109-7. Epub 2012 Oct 11.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s11033-012-2109-7

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Wu K; Wang X; Xie Z; Liu Z; Lu Y

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xue Road,  Chengdu 610041, China.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Studies investigating the association between glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1) gene polymorphism and bladder cancer (BC) risk have reported conflicting  results. In order to clarify the effect of GSTP1 polymorphism on the BC susceptibility, we conducted an updated system review of published epidemiology studies to provide more precise evidence. We performed a systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). 20 studies with 4,428 BC cases and 5,457 controls were identified. The combined analyses based on all studies showed that there was a significant difference in the genotype distribution in GSTP1(A313G) polymorphism between BC cases and controls  not only in Asians (GG vs. AA + AG, OR = 1.59, 95 % CI = 1.01-2.51) but also in Caucasians (GG vs. AA + AG, OR = 1.51, 95 % CI = 1.11-2.06). Upon stratification  for smoking status, we observed no statistically significant difference in genotype distribution of GSTP1 in ever-smokers. Combination of the high-risk genotypes (GSTM1 null + GSTT1 null + GSTP1 313 A/G or G/G) demonstrated further increase in the BC risk (OR = 6.64, 95 %CI = 3.63-12.16). This meta-analysis suggests that GSTP1 313 G/G polymorphism is a strong predisposing risk factor for BC.

 

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[623]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Plasmacytoid Urothelial Carcinoma, a Chemosensitive Cancer with Poor Prognosis, and Peritoneal Carcinomatosis.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Urol. 2012 Nov 15. pii: S0022-5347(12)05588-7. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.11.084.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.juro.2012.11.084

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Dayyani F; Czerniak BA; Sircar K; Munsell MF; Millikan RE; Dinney CP; Siefker-Radtke AO

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. Electronic address: fdayyani@mdanderson.org.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: Plasmacytoid urothelial carcinoma is a rare variant histology with poorly defined clinical behavior. We report clinical outcome information on patients with predominant plasmacytoid urothelial carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed treatments and outcomes in patients with predominant plasmacytoid urothelial carcinoma seen at our institution from 1990 through 2010. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate overall and progression-free survival. RESULTS: We identified 31 patients with a median age of 63.5 years, of whom 83.3% were male. TNM stage was cT1N0 in 4 patients, cT2N0  in 7, cT3b-4aN0 in 5 and cT4b, N+ or M+ in 15. Median overall survival was 17.7 months (stage I-III vs IV 45.8 vs 13.3). Five of the 16 patients with potentially surgically resectable plasmacytoid urothelial carcinoma (pT4aN0M0 or less) received neoadjuvant chemotherapy, 10 underwent initial surgery and 1 was treated only with transurethral resection of bladder tumor. Despite pathological down staging in 80% of the patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy, relapses were common. There was no survival difference between patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy or initial surgery, although 7 received adjuvant chemotherapy. Surgical up staging with positive margins was also common for surgery alone. The most common site of recurrence was in the peritoneum (19 of 23 patients) with relapses even in those with a pathological complete response at surgery. In patients who presented with metastatic disease and were treated with  chemotherapy median survival was 12.6 months. CONCLUSIONS: Plasmacytoid urothelial carcinoma is an aggressive subset with overall poor outcomes. Although down staging is seen with neoadjuvant chemotherapy, there are few long-term survivors. There is a strong predilection for recurrence along the peritoneal lining.

 

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[624]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Early development of the metabolic syndrome after chemotherapy for testicular cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Ann Oncol. 2013 Mar;24(3):749-55. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mds527. Epub 2012 Nov 6.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1093/annonc/mds527

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - de Haas EC; Altena R; Boezen HM; Zwart N; Smit AJ; Bakker SJ; van Roon AM; Postma A; Wolffenbuttel BH; Hoekstra HJ; van Leeuwen FE; Sleijfer DT; Gietema JA

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Departments of Medical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: The metabolic syndrome (MS) might increase the risk of cardiovascular disease in testicular cancer (TC) survivors. We investigated its prevalence, development, vascular implications, and the role of gonadal function. METHODS: TC survivors treated with chemotherapy and follow-up >/=3 years (N = 370, study I) were retrospectively evaluated for the development of cardiovascular risk factors. A subgroup followed 3-20 years (N = 173, study II) was compared with controls (N = 1085) for MS prevalence and evaluated for vascular function. RESULTS: In TC survivors (study I), 24% developed overweight, 24% hypercholesterolemia, and 30% hypertension, after median follow-up of 1.7, 0.9, and 5.1 years, respectively. At the median follow-up of 5 years (study II), 25% of survivors have the MS {odds ratio (OR) 2.2, [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.5-3.3] compared with controls}. Survivors with MS have features of inflammation and prothrombotic state, increased carotid artery intima-media thickness. Survivors with testosterone levels <15 nmol/l (22%) have an increased risk of the MS (OR 4.1, 95% CI 1.8-9.3). CONCLUSIONS: The current data suggest that the MS occurs at earlier age in TC survivors treated with chemotherapy compared with controls and is accompanied by early signs of atherosclerosis. As low testosterone may have a causal role, it is a target for interventions.

 

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[625]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Prostatic sarcoma after conservative treatment with brachytherapy for low-risk prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Acta Oncol. 2012 Oct 24.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 3109/0284186X.2012.734927

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Dominguez A; Piulats JM; Suarez JF; Condom E; Castells M; Camps N; Garcia Del Muro FX; Franco E

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Urology Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge , L’Hospitalet de LLobregat, Barcelona , España.

 

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[626]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Nuclear factor-kappa B and interleukin-6 related docetaxel resistance in castration-resistant prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Prostate. 2013 Apr;73(5):512-21. doi: 10.1002/pros.22591. Epub 2012 Oct 4.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1002/pros.22591

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Codony-Servat J; Marin-Aguilera M; Visa L; Garcia-Albeniz X; Pineda E; Fernandez PL; Filella X; Gascon P; Mellado B

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Medical Oncology Department and Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Hospital Clinic-Fundacio Clinic per a la recerca Biomedica, Barcelona, España.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Previous work showed that the NF-kappaB survival pathway is activated by docetaxel (D) and contributes to D resistance in prostate cancer. In this study we aimed to investigate the dynamics of the relationship between NF-kappaB  and IL-6 in the shift from D-naive castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) to D-resistance in patients and cell lines. METHODS: CRPC tumor samples were tested  for NF-kappaB/p65 and IL-6 by immunohistochemistry. CRPC patients treated with D  were also tested for serum IL-6 (ELISA). Two D-resistant cell lines, PC-3R and DU-145R, derived from the CRPC cells PC-3 and DU-145, respectively, were tested for NF-kappaB activation (EMSA), NF-kappaB-related genes expression (RT-PCR), NF-kappaB inhibition (p65 siRNA) and IL-6 and IL-8 soluble levels (ELISA). RESULTS: In CRPC patients treated with D (n = 72), pre-treatment IL-6 level correlated with nuclear NF-kappaB/p65 tumor staining and response to D, and was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival. However, IL-6 level changes under treatment did not correlate with clinical outcome. In PC-3 and DU-145 parental CRPC cells, as well as in D-resistant counterparts, D treatment induced NF-kappaB activation. In fact, NF-kappaB inhibition was sufficient to re-sensitize DU-145R cells to D. Despite enhanced NF-kappaB activity, IL-6 secretion in D-resistant cell lines was reduced and not induced by D treatment. The same occurred with IL-8 cytokine. CONCLUSIONS: These preclinical and clinical results support a role of NF-kappaB and IL-6 in the resistance to D in CRPC, and  support the investigation of targeted therapies to enhance the antitumor activity of D in this patient population. Prostate 73: 512-521, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

 

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[627]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Characterization of germline copy number variation in high-risk African American  families with prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Prostate. 2013 May;73(6):614-23. doi: 10.1002/pros.22602. Epub 2012 Oct 11.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1002/pros.22602

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Ledet EM; Hu X; Sartor O; Rayford W; Li M; Mandal D

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Genetics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Prostate cancer is a complex multi-allelic disease and the most common malignancy in men. The incidence of prostate cancer in African American men is more than twice as high as that of any other race. Despite the high prevalence of prostate cancer amongst African American men, this population has been under represented in genetic studies of prostate cancer. Although genomic copy number variations (CNVs) have been detected in prostate tumors, this is the  first study describing germline CNVs in African American hereditary prostate cancer families. METHODS: Ten high-risk African American families with three or more affected individuals and with an early age of onset were recruited. From these families, 37 individuals, including 23 affected males, and 14 unaffected males, were selected for CNV analysis. Array comparative genomic hybridization was used to characterize germline CNVs unique to African American men with hereditary prostate cancer. RESULTS: Through common aberration analysis in affected family members; novel CNVs were identified at chromosomes 1p36.13 and 16q23.3. Differential analysis comparing affected and unaffected family members identified 9.4 kb duplication on chromosome 14q32.33 which segregate with prostate cancer patients in these high-risk families. CONCLUSIONS: The duplication at 14q32.33 encompasses IGHG3 gene which has been shown to have both  significant gains in copy number as well as overexpression in prostate tumors in  African Americans. These CNVs may represent a component of genetic predisposition which contributes to the high prevalence and mortality of prostate cancer in African American men. Prostate 73: 614-623, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

 

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[628]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Mapping of carboxypeptidase m in normal human kidney and renal cell carcinoma: expression in tumor-associated neovasculature and macrophages.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Histochem Cytochem. 2013 Mar;61(3):218-35. doi: 10.1369/0022155412470456. Epub  2012 Nov 19.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1369/0022155412470456

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Denis CJ; Van Acker N; De Schepper S; De Bie M; Andries L; Fransen E; Hendriks D; Kockx MM; Lambeir AM

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, University of Antwerp, Belgium.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Although the kidney generally has been regarded as an excellent source of carboxypeptidase M (CPM), little is known about its renal-specific expression level and distribution. This study provides a detailed localization of CPM in healthy and diseased human kidneys. The results indicate a broad distribution of  CPM along the renal tubular structures in the healthy kidney. CPM was identified  at the parietal epithelium beneath the Bowman’s basement membrane and in glomerular mesangial cells. Capillaries, podocytes, and most interstitial cells were CPM negative. Tumor cells of renal cell carcinoma subtypes lose CPM expression upon dedifferentiation. Tissue microarray analysis demonstrated a correlation between low CPM expression and tumor cell type. CPM staining was intense on phagocytotic tumor-associated macrophages. Immunoreactive CPM was also detected in the tumor-associated vasculature. The absence of CPM in normal renal  blood vessels points toward a role for CPM in angiogenesis. Coexistence of CPM and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) was detected in papillary renal cell carcinoma. However, the different subcellular localization of CPM and EGFR argues against an interaction between these h proteins. The description of the distribution of CPM in human kidney forms the foundation for further study of the (patho)physiological activities of CPM in the kidney.

 

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[629]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Resection of ureteral orifice during transurethral resection of bladder tumor: functional and oncologic implications.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Urol. 2012 Dec;188(6):2129-33. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.08.006. Epub 2012 Oct 18.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.juro.2012.08.006

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Mano R; Shoshany O; Baniel J; Yossepowitch O

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, Petah-Tikva and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. roymano78@gmail.com

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: We assessed the risk of upper urinary tract obstruction and tumor recurrence following ureteral orifice resection during transurethral resection of bladder tumor. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of patients treated with transurethral resection of bladder tumors involving the ureteral orifice from 2008 to 2011. Patients with preoperative hydronephrosis or prior ipsilateral nephrectomy and those in whom a ureteral stent was placed during the  procedure were excluded from analysis. Study end points were clinical or radiographic evidence of upper urinary tract obstruction and disease recurrence.  RESULTS: The study group included 65 men (82%) and 14 women (18%) in whom a total of 84 orifice resections were performed. Hydronephrosis was observed in 11 patients (13%) during a median followup of 15 months (IQR 7-26). Hydronephrosis was secondary to muscle invasive disease in 5 patients (6%) and it resolved spontaneously in 3 (4%). In the remaining 3 patients (4%) overt stricture was detected at the ureterovesical junction, requiring endoscopic intervention. One patient was diagnosed with recurrent tumor in the upper urinary tract. The estimated bladder disease recurrence rate was 28% at 1 year and 54% at 2 years. Corresponding disease progression rates were 4% and 12%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Ureteral orifice resection during transurethral resection of bladder tumor is rarely associated with detrimental renal obstruction or an increased risk of tumor recurrence in the upper urinary tract. New onset hydronephrosis is  mostly attributable to muscle invasive disease or temporary obstruction. However, the few cases of overt stricture underscore the importance of meticulous followup with imaging.

 

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[630]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - “Trifecta” in partial nephrectomy.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Urol. 2013 Jan;189(1):36-42. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.09.042. Epub 2012 Nov 16.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.juro.2012.09.042

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Hung AJ; Cai J; Simmons MN; Gill IS

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Hillard and Roclyn Herzog Center for Robotic Surgery, University of Southern California Institute of Urology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern  California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: We introduce the concept of trifecta outcomes during robotic/laparoscopic partial nephrectomy, in which the 3 key outcomes of negative cancer margin, minimal renal functional decrease and no urological complications  are simultaneously realized. We report serial trifecta outcomes in patients treated with robotic/laparoscopic partial nephrectomy for tumor in a 12-year period. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 534 patients had complete data available and were retrospectively divided into 4 chronologic eras, including the discovery era--139 from September 1999 to December 2003, conventional hilar clamping era--213 from January 2004 to December 2006, early unclamping era--104 from January 2007 to November 2008 and anatomical zero ischemia era--78 from March 2010 to October 2011. Renal functional decrease was defined as a greater than 10% reduction in the actual vs volume predicted postoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate. RESULTS: Across the 4 eras tumors trended toward larger size (2.9, 2.8, 3.1 and 3.3 cm, p = 0.08) and yet the estimated percent of kidney preserved was similar (89%, 90%, 90% and 88%, respectively, p = 0.3). Recent eras had increasingly complex tumors that were more often 4 cm or greater  (p = 0.03), centrally located (p <0.009) or hilar (p <0.0001). Nevertheless, with significant technical refinement warm ischemia time decreased serially (36, 32, 15 and 0 minutes, respectively, p <0.0001). Renal functional outcomes were superior in recent eras with fewer patients experiencing a decrease (p <0.0001).  Uniquely, actual estimated glomerular filtration rate outcomes exceeded volume predicted estimated glomerular filtration rate outcomes only in the zero ischemia cohort in regard to other eras (-9.5%, -11%, -0.9% and 4.2%, respectively, p <0.001). Positive cancer margins were uniformly low at less than 1%. Urological complications trended lower in recent eras (p = 0.01). Trifecta outcomes occurred more commonly in recent eras (45%, 44%, 62% and 68%, respectively, p = 0.0002). CONCLUSIONS: Trifecta should be a routine goal during partial nephrectomy. Despite increasing tumor complexity, trifecta outcomes of robotic/laparoscopic partial nephrectomy improved significantly in the last decade.

 

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[631]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - ICUD-EAU International Consultation on Bladder Cancer 2012: screening, diagnosis, and molecular markers.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Eur Urol. 2013 Jan;63(1):4-15. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2012.09.057. Epub 2012 Oct 4.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.eururo.2012.09.057

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Kamat AM; Hegarty PK; Gee JR; Clark PE; Svatek RS; Hegarty N; Shariat SF; Xylinas E; Schmitz-Drager BJ; Lotan Y; Jenkins LC; Droller M; van Rhijn BW; Karakiewicz PI

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Division of Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston,  USA. akamat@mdanderson.org

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: To present a summary of the 2nd International Consultation on Bladder Cancer recommendations on the screening, diagnosis, and markers of bladder cancer using an evidence-based strategy. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: A detailed Medline analysis was performed for original articles addressing bladder cancer with regard to screening, diagnosis, markers, and pathology. Proceedings from the last 5 yr of major conferences were also searched. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: The major  findings are presented in an evidence-based fashion. Large retrospective and prospective data were analyzed. CONCLUSIONS: Cystoscopy alone is the most cost-effective method to detect recurrence of bladder cancer. White-light cystoscopy is the gold standard for evaluation of the lower urinary tract; however, technology like fluorescence-aided cystoscopy and narrow-band imaging can aid in improving evaluations. Urine cytology is useful for the diagnosis of high-grade tumor recurrence. Molecular medicine holds the promise that clinical outcomes will be improved by directing therapy toward the mechanisms and targets  associated with the growth of an individual patient’s tumor. The challenge remains to optimize measurement of these targets, evaluate the impact of such targets for therapeutic drug development, and translate molecular markers into the improved clinical management of bladder cancer patients. Physicians and researchers eventually will have a robust set of molecular markers to guide prevention, diagnosis, and treatment decisions for bladder cancer.

 

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[632]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Urinary retention and voiding dysfunction in women with uterine leiomyoma: a case series.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Reprod Med. 2012 Sep-Oct;57(9-10):384-9.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Yazdany T; Bhatia NN; Nguyen JN

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Division of Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Torrance, CA 90509, USA. tyazdany@obgyn.humc.edu

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - OBJECTIVE: To examine urinary retention as an underreported complication of uterine leiomyoma. Reproductive-aged women with uterine leiomyoma often describe  pelvic pressure and menorrhagia, however few complain of complete urinary retention. STUDY DESIGN: We dis-cuss the cases of 8 women who presented to our emergency room with acute urinary retention over a 4-year period. RESULTS: Patients had a mean age of 39 (range, 25-51) and median parity of 1 (range, 0-5). Seven of 8 patients (88%) had posterior-fundal leiomyomas. All patients underwent either myomectomy or hysterectomy with resolution of their urinary retention. CONCLUSION: Incarceration of the posterior or fundal leiomyoma beyond the pelvic  brim can push the cervix against the pubic bone, resulting in compression of the  bladder neck or urethra. This may explain the etiology of retention and/or voiding dysfunction in some cases. Urinary retention, as a result of leiomyoma, may be overlooked in the initial management of symptomatic patients.

 

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[633]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Microvessel density is not increased in prostate cancer: digital imaging of routine sections and tissue microarrays.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Hum Pathol. 2013 Apr;44(4):495-502. doi: 10.1016/j.humpath.2012.06.009. Epub 2012 Oct 12.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.humpath.2012.06.009

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Tretiakova M; Antic T; Binder D; Kocherginsky M; Liao C; Taxy JB; Oto A

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60546, USA. Electronic address: maria.tretiakova@uchospitals.edu.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Angiogenesis is considered a prognostic factor and therapy target in many tumors  but remains controversial in prostate cancer. This study compares the microvessel density of normal prostate and prostate cancer of different grades using an automated approach to determine its clinical utility. Neoplastic and normal prostatic tissues from 60 prostatectomies were examined by routine histological sections (group I); 136 prostatectomies were used to create tissue microarrays (group II). Microvessel density was calculated using CD31 immunostaining. Automated Cellular Image System (ChromaVision, San Juan Capistrano, CA) and Aperio automated systems were used to digitally analyze microvessel density in Groups I and II respectively. Microvessel density was not significantly increased in tumor versus normal prostate in Group I (P = .303). Both the mean vessel count and vessel area were significantly higher in normal tissue than in tumor either by Automated Cellular Image System or Aperio analysis (P < .05). Aperio analysis  in group II additionally showed significantly higher values in normal tissue for  vessel lumen (P < .001), whereas vessel perimeter, wall thickness, vessel compactness, and shape were not significantly different (P > .05). Aperio comparison of low- versus high-grade prostate cancer demonstrated that only mean  vessel count was increased in high-grade tumors (P = .047); no other automated parameter in either group showed significant association with Gleason scores. Irrespective of methodology, microvessel density was not increased in prostate cancer compared to normal prostate. The bias of using vascular hot spots that possibly contributed to previous contradictory results has been mitigated by automated microvessel density quantitation here. Similar microvessel density of low- and high-grade tumors indicate that microvessel density is neither an important nor reliable prognostic marker for prostate cancer.

 

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[634]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Preoperative Accuracy of Diagnostic Evaluation of the Urachal Mass.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Urol. 2012 Oct 23. pii: S0022-5347(12)05271-8. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.10.043.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.juro.2012.10.043

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Meeks JJ; Herr HW; Bernstein M; Al-Ahmadie HA; Dalbagni G

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Urology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: Urachal carcinoma is a rare urological neoplasm that arises along the urachal remnant from umbilicus to bladder dome. To our knowledge no published study has examined the diagnostic accuracy of modern preoperative testing to differentiate urachal carcinoma from a benign urachal cyst and spare the resection of potentially benign urachal tissue. We determined whether a urachal mass could be safely diagnosed preoperatively. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed the records of 104 patients with a urachal mass treated between 1979 and 2011. Study exclusion criteria were unresectable metastatic disease at presentation, no surgery and management by transurethral resection alone. Of the patients who remained only 65 had preoperative diagnostic testing as well as definitive pathological results available for analysis. Mean age was 51 years. Of the patients 86% were white and 65% were male. The accuracy of diagnosis based on preoperative tests was compared to that of final pathology (cancer or benign). RESULTS: A total of 57 tumors (87%) were malignant and 83% of the masses were adenocarcinoma. Compared to computerized tomography, cytology and exploration under anesthesia, transurethral resection of bladder tumor had the highest sensitivity (0.93), specificity (1) and positive predictive value (1) but low negative predictive value (0.5). Study limitations included small cohort size and few benign urachal masses for comparison. CONCLUSIONS: No test has a high enough  negative predictive value to prevent urachal mass excision. With few treatment options for localized, advanced and metastatic urachal cancer, these data suggest that early excision remains the best treatment for a suspicious urachal mass.

 

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[635]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Stratification of postprostatectomy urinary function using expanded prostate cancer index composite.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Urology. 2013 Jan;81(1):56-60. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2012.09.016. Epub 2012 Nov  2.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.urology.2012.09.016

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Ellison JS; He C; Wood DP

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. jonellis@med.umich.edu

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - OBJECTIVE: To classify the Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite (EPIC)-Short  Form urinary domain (EPIC-UIN) scores, as part of a validated health-related quality of life instrument after prostate cancer treatment into clinically meaningful functional categories. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using a prospectively maintained database, approved by the institutional review board, of patients undergoing prostatectomy for malignancy, the patient and tumor factors and validated health-related quality of life instruments, including EPIC-UIN and the  Incontinence Severity Index (ISI) were retrospectively reviewed. The questionnaires were completed preoperatively, at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months postoperatively, and yearly thereafter. Cutpoints were chosen for the EPIC-UIN scores to correlate with ISI, and statistical analysis querying this correlation  was performed. RESULTS: A total of 446 patients completing 764 questionnaires were reviewed. On average, the patients were 59.2 years old with a Gleason score  of 6.75. All patients underwent robotic-assisted (n=224) or radical retropubic (n=222) prostatectomy. The range of ISI scores at the prescribed measurement points was “mild” (0-6), “moderate” (7-16), and “severe” (>/=17) in 58.9%, 28.9%, and 11.3% of patients, respectively. An EPIC-UIN score of 0-49, 50-69, and 70-100 was chosen to correlate with the ISI score of “severe,” “moderate,” and “mild,” with an agreement of 74.1% (weighted kappa coefficient 0.6541). Severe incontinence and moderate incontinence on the EPIC-UIN were associated with a sensitivity of 74% and 90.6% and specificity of 90.2% and 93.6%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Categorical EPIC-UIN groups were developed to represent the mild, moderate, and severe incontinence. These categories provided meaningful guides for assessing postoperative urinary incontinence and recovery of urinary function.

 

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[636]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Diagnostic and prognostic potential of differentially expressed miRNAs between metastatic and non-metastatic renal cell carcinoma at the time of nephrectomy.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Clin Chim Acta. 2013 Feb 1;416:5-10. doi: 10.1016/j.cca.2012.11.010. Epub 2012 Nov 21.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.cca.2012.11.010

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Wotschofsky Z; Busch J; Jung M; Kempkensteffen C; Weikert S; Schaser KD; Melcher I; Kilic E; Miller K; Kristiansen G; Erbersdobler A; Jung K

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, University Hospital Charite, Berlin, Germany.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: MicroRNAs are promising diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in oncology. We aimed to evaluate the prognostic potential of selected microRNAs in  primary clear cell renal cell carcinomas (ccRCC) as predictors of tumor recurrence after radical nephrectomy. METHODS: miR-122, miR-141, miR-155, miR-184, miR-200c, miR-210, miR-224, and miR-514, validated as differentially expressed in a previous study, were measured by RT-PCR in matched malignant and non-malignant tumor samples after nephrectomy from 111 patients (89 without, 22 with metastases) and clinicopathological and outcome data were collected. Non-parametric statistical tests, receiver-operating characteristics, Kaplan-Meier-, and univariate as well as multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed. RESULTS: Downregulation of miR-141/-184/-200c/-514 and upregulation of miR-122/-155/-210/-224 were not different between samples of non-metastatic and metastatic tumors except for miR-122 and miR-514. miR-514 was  further downregulated in metastatic compared with non-metastatic tumors while the upregulation of miR-122 was significantly reduced in metastatic carcinomas. All miRNAs were suitable to discriminate malignant from non-malignant tissue. miR-122 and miR-514 were significantly related to the recurrence risk but only miR-514 provided independent prognostic information in the final model including relevant clinicopathological variables. CONCLUSIONS: MiR-122 and miR-514 play a role in tumor recurrence after nephrectomy. Expression of miR-514 was particularly downregulated in primary metastatic tumor and those that recur and might be a suitable adjunct marker for predicting tumor recurrence.

 

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[637]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - 4-O-methylhonokiol, a PPARgamma agonist, inhibits prostate tumour growth: p21-mediated suppression of NF-kappaB activity.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Br J Pharmacol. 2013 Mar;168(5):1133-45. doi: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.02235.x.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1111/j.1476-5381.2012.02235.x

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Lee NJ; Oh JH; Ban JO; Shim JH; Lee HP; Jung JK; Ahn BW; Yoon DY; Han SB; Ham YW; Hong JT

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk, South Korea.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The effects of 4-O-methylhonokiol (MH), a constituent of  Magnolia officinalis, were investigated on human prostate cancer cells and its mechanism of action elucidated. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: The anti-cancer effects of MH were examined in prostate cancer and normal cells. The effects were validated  in vivo using a mouse xenograft model. KEY RESULTS: MH increased the expression of PPARgamma in prostate PC-3 and LNCap cells. The pull-down assay and molecular  docking study indicated that MH directly binds to PPARgamma. MH also increased transcriptional activity of PPARgamma but decreased NF-kappaB activity. MH inhibited the growth of human prostate cancer cells, an effect attenuated by the  PPARgamma antagonist GW9662. MH induced apoptotic cell death and this was related to G(0) -G(1) phase cell cycle arrest. MH increased the expression of the cell cycle regulator p21, and apoptotic proteins, whereas it decreased phosphorylation of Rb and anti-apoptotic proteins. Transfection of PC3 cells with p21 siRNA or a  p21 mutant plasmid on the cyclin D1/ cycline-dependent kinase 4 binding site abolished the effects of MH on cell growth, cell viability and related protein expression. In the animal studies, MH inhibited tumour growth, NF-kappaB activity and expression of anti-apoptotic proteins, whereas it increased the transcriptional activity and expression of PPARgamma, and the expression of apoptotic proteins and p21 in tumour tissues. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATION: MH inhibits growth of human prostate cancer cells through activation of PPARgamma, suppression of NF-kappaB and arrest of the cell cycle. Thus, MH might be a useful tool for treatment of prostate cancer.

 

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[638]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Microbial transformation of 20(S)-protopanaxadiol by Absidia corymbifera. Cytotoxic activity of the metabolites against human prostate cancer cells.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Fitoterapia. 2013 Jan;84:6-10. doi: 10.1016/j.fitote.2012.09.018. Epub 2012 Sep 28.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.fitote.2012.09.018

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Chen G; Yang M; Nong S; Yang X; Ling Y; Wang D; Wang X; Zhang W

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - School of Medicine, Nantong University, 19 Qi Xiu Road, Nantong 226001, PR China.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Biotransformation of 20(S)-protopanaxadiol (1) by the fungus Absidia corymbifera  AS 3.3387 yielded five metabolites (2-6). On the basis of spectroscopic data analyses, the metabolites were identified as 26-hydroxyl-20(S)-protopanaxadiol (2), 23, 24-en-25-hydroxyl-20(S)-protopanaxadiol (3), 25-hydroxyl-20(S)-protopanaxadiol (4), 7beta-hydroxyl-20(S)-protopanaxatriol (5), and 7-oxo-20(S)-protopanaxatriol (6), respectively. Among them, 5 and 6 are new compounds. These results indicated that A. corymbifera AS 3.3387 could catalyze the side-chain oxidation-reduction, 7beta hydroxylation, and the specific C-7 dehydrogenation of derivatives of 20(S)-protopanaxadiol. The metabolites 2, 5, and 6 showed the more potent inhibitory effects against DU-145 and PC-3 cell lines than the substrate.

 

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[639]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Re: Differentiation of oncocytoma and renal cell carcinoma in small renal masses  (<4 cm): the role of 4-phase computerized tomography.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Urol. 2012 Nov;188(5):1722-3. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.07.086. Epub 2012 Sep 19.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.juro.2012.07.086

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Siegel C

 

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[640]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Re: Androgenetic alopecia as an early marker of benign prostatic hyperplasia.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Urol. 2012 Nov;188(5):1846-7. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.07.079. Epub 2012 Sep 19.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.juro.2012.07.079

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Kaplan SA

 

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[641]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Re: Centrally infiltrating renal masses on CT: differentiating intrarenal transitional cell carcinoma from centrally located renal cell carcinoma.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Urol. 2012 Nov;188(5):1719-20. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.07.116. Epub 2012 Sep 19.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.juro.2012.07.116

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Taneja SS

 

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[642]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Palliative intralesional interleukin-2 treatment in dogs with urinary bladder and urethral carcinomas.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - In Vivo. 2012 Nov-Dec;26(6):931-5.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Konietschke U; Teske E; Jurina K; Stockhaus C

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Small Animal Hospital, Haar, Germany. ursula.konietschke@web.de

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - AIM: The investigation of the influence of intralesional interleukin-2 (IL-2) on  the clinical course and tumor progression in dogs suffering from urinary bladder  and urethral carcinomas. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Medical records of 25 dogs diagnosed with advanced transitional cell carcinomas (TCC) were retrospectively reviewed. In 14 dogs, intralesional IL-2 treatment was performed by transabdominal ultrasound-guided injection. Seven dogs underwent cytoreductive surgery, followed by IL-2 injection into the tumor bed. All dogs received long-term non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. RESULTS: Adverse effects associated with IL-2 treatment were not observed. At re-examination, 17 dogs showed marked clinical improvement and regression of tumor size. Four dogs were in complete remission. CONCLUSION: Intralesional IL-2 application is a safe and minimally-invasive palliative treatment option in dogs suffering from advanced transitional cell carcinoma when surgical cure is impossible. Prognosis depends on tumor localization and feasibility of concomitant cytoreductive surgery.

 

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[643]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Serum miR-210 as a novel biomarker for molecular diagnosis of clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Exp Mol Pathol. 2013 Feb;94(1):115-20. doi: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2012.10.005. Epub 2012 Oct 9.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.yexmp.2012.10.005

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Zhao A; Li G; Peoc’h M; Genin C; Gigante M

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Clinical Immunology Laboratory, North Hospital, CHU of Saint-Etienne, University  of Jean-Monnet, Saint-Etienne, France.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to evaluate the levels of miR-210 in tumor and serum samples of conventional renal cell cancer (cRCC) patients to explore whether circulating miR-210 in serum can be used as a biomarker for the detection of cRCC. METHODS: The paired samples from primary cRCC tumors and adjacent non-tumoral renal parenchyma were collected from 32 patients with cRCC. Serum samples were obtained from 68 patients with a cRCC before surgery, 10 samples after one week of surgery, and 42 healthy individuals were included in this study. Real-time PCR was used to measure the microRNA level. The expression of miRNAs was normalized using the dCT method. Expression levels of miR-210 were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test or Wilcoxon test. Diagnostic performance of serum miR-210 level was calculated by using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. RESULTS: The average miR-210 level was higher in primary cRCC tissues than in normal tissue (p=0.004). For serum samples, the average level of miR-210 was significantly higher in cRCC patients than in controls (p<0.001). The serum miR-210 level yielded an AUC (the areas under the ROC curve) of 0.874 with a sensitivity of 81.0% and a specificity of 79.4%. Furthermore, the average serum level of miR-210 was significantly decreased in the patients one week after the operation (p=0.001). CONCLUSION: Serum mi-210 may have a potential as a novel noninvasive biomarker for the detection of cRCC.

 

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[644]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Ureteric stricture: an unusual presentation of metastatic prostate adenocarcinoma.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 2012 Oct;94(7):e213-4. doi: 10.1308/003588412X13373405385971.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1308/003588412X13373405385971

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Jallad S; Turo R; Kimuli M; Smith J; Jain S

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, UK.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - We describe an unusual case of a prostatic adenocarcinoma presenting with a ureteric stricture secondary to a discrete metastatic lesion. A 76-year-old man presented with a short history of right loin pain. Initial examination was unremarkable, digital rectal examination was normal and prostate specific antigen was within normal range. Computed tomography showed right hydronephrosis and a distal ureteric stricture. A distal ureteric transitional cell carcinoma was thought to be most likely. A nephroureterectomy was carried out and histology revealed a skipped lesion of a metastatic prostate adenocarcinoma. Metastatic lesions to the ureters due to prostate cancer are rare. It was believed to be secondary to a transitional cell carcinoma as there was no evidence initially to  suggest prostatic disease as the cause. A prostatic adenocarcinoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of any lesions in the ureter believed to have a malignant origin.

 

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[645]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - The Prostate Cancer Registry: monitoring patterns and quality of care for men diagnosed with prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - BJU Int. 2013 Apr;111(4 Pt B):E158-66. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11530.x. Epub 2012 Nov 1.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11530.x

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Evans SM; Millar JL; Wood JM; Davis ID; Bolton D; Giles GG; Frydenberg M; Frauman A; Costello A; McNeil JJ

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Centre of Research Excellence in Patient Safety Eastern Health Clinical School Department of Surgery Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University William Buckland Radiation Oncology Service Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Melbourne Department of Urology, Austin Health Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Austin Health, Heidelberg Department of Urology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - What’s known on the subject? and What does the study add? Operating principles exist both within Australia and internationally to provide guidance on how to establish clinical registries. In establishing a registry, consideration needs to be given to its purpose, the stakeholders and the output it will generate and to  whom output will be disseminated The present study describes how a prostate cancer-specific registry was developed that aligns with generic operating principles. We describe the governance model, the data items collected, the collection methodology clinical indicators selected for reporting and the reporting framework. OBJECTIVE: * To establish a pilot population-based clinical  registry with the aim of monitoring the quality of care provided to men diagnosed with prostate cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: * All men aged >18 years from the contributing hospitals in Victoria, Australia, who have a diagnosis of prostate cancer confirmed by histopathology report notified to the Victorian Cancer Registry are eligible for inclusion in the Prostate Cancer Registry (PCR). * A literature review was undertaken aiming to identify existing quality indicators and source evidence-based guidelines from both Australia and internationally. RESULTS: * A Steering Committee was established to determine the minimum dataset, select quality indicators to be reported back to clinicians, identify the most effective recruitment strategy, and provide a governance structure for data requests; collection, analysis and reporting of data; and managing outliers. * A  minimum dataset comprising 72 data items is collected by the PCR, enabling ten quality indicators to be collected and reported. * Outcome measures are risk adjusted according to the established National Comprehensive Cancer Network and Cancer of the Prostate Risk Assessment Score (surgery only) risk stratification model. Recruitment to the PCR occurs concurrently with mandatory notification to  the state-based Cancer Registry. * The PCR adopts an opt-out consent process to maximize recruitment. * The data collection approach is standardized, using a hybrid of data linkage and manual collection, and data collection forms are electronically scanned into the PCR. * A data access policy and escalation policy for mortality outliers has been developed. CONCLUSIONS: * The PCR provides potential for high-quality population-based data to be collected and managed within a clinician-led governance framework. * This approach satisfies the requirement for health services to establish quality assessment, at the same time as providing clinically credible data to clinicians to drive practice improvement.

 

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[646]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Comparison of the 2002 and 2010 TNM classification systems regarding outcome prediction in clear cell and papillary renal cell carcinoma.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Histopathology. 2013 Jan;62(2):237-46. doi: 10.1111/his.12001. Epub 2012 Sep 28.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1111/his.12001

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Pichler M; Hutterer GC; Chromecki TF; Jesche J; Kampel-Kettner K; Groselj-Strele A; Hoefler G; Pummer K; Zigeuner R

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 25, Graz, Austria. mart.pichler@gmx.net

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - AIMS: A novel version of the tumour-node-metastasis (TNM) classification system for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) was introduced in 2010, although the prognostic significance with regard to different histological subtypes has not been explored. Therefore, the aim of our study was to compare the predictive ability of the 2002 and 2010 versions of the TNM classification system for clear cell and papillary RCC. METHODS AND RESULTS: Data from 2263 consecutive clear cell and 309 papillary RCC patients, operated at a single tertiary academic centre, were evaluated. According to TNM 2010, statistically significant differences for cancer-specific survival (CSS) were observed for pT1a versus pT1b (P < 0.001) and pT3a versus pT3b (P < 0.004) in clear cell RCC; and pT1b versus pT2a (P = 0.002)  and pT3b versus pT3c (P = 0.046) in papillary RCC. The c-index for CSS in clear cell RCC was 0.74 and 0.73, and in papillary RCC 0.79 and 0.78, for the 2002 and  2010 versions of the TNM classification system, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: According to our data, the predictive ability of the 2010 version of the TNM classification system regarding CSS is not superior to the 2002 version, either in clear cell or in papillary RCC.

 

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[647]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - The cardiovascular risk of gonadotropin releasing hormone agonists in men with prostate cancer: An unresolved controversy.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2013 Apr;86(1):42-51. doi: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2012.09.008. Epub 2012 Oct 23.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.critrevonc.2012.09.008

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Conteduca V; Di Lorenzo G; Tartarone A; Aieta M

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata, IRCCS, Rionero in Vulture, Italy. Electronic address: cinzia.conteduca@libero.it.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists (GnRH) play an important role in the treatment of prostate cancer, improving significantly overall survival. GnRH agonists belong to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) together with surgical castration and, recently, GnRH antagonists. ADT has several side effects, such as sexual dysfunction and osteoporosis. Recently, changes in body composition, obesity, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and hypertension have emerged as complications of ADT, perhaps responsible for cardiovascular events, but discussion is still open. Since the majority of men with prostate cancer die  of conditions other than their malignancy, recognition of these adverse effects is important. This review serves to focus attention on the pathogenetic mechanisms of ADT-related cardiovascular toxicity with also reference to the possible direct role of GnRH agonist on the cardiac receptors. Furthermore, this  paper would generate recommendations for the management of patients treated with  GnRH agonists balancing the potential benefits against the possible risks in prostate cancer men.

 

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[648]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Granulomatosis and testicular germ cell tumors.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Urology. 2012 Dec;80(6):1303-6. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2012.08.018. Epub 2012 Oct 24.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.urology.2012.08.018

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Jeurkar N; Mamtani R; Vaughn DJ

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA. neha.jeurkar@uphs.upenn.edu

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - OBJECTIVE: To determine the cumulative incidence of granulomatous disease among patients with testicular germ cell tumor (GCT) at the University of Pennsylvania  and to describe these patients’ characteristics and disease outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A computerized search of a large electronic medical database at the  University of Pennsylvania was conducted to identify all patients from 1997 to 2012 with a diagnosis of granulomatous disease and GCT. RESULTS: A total of 14 patients were identified. The median age at the diagnosis of GCT was 32.5 years,  and the median age at the diagnosis of granulomatous disease was 31 years. Most patients were diagnosed with granulomatous disease either concomitantly or after  their diagnosis of GCT. The estimated cumulative incidence of granulomatous disease in patients with GCT at the University of Pennsylvania from 1997 to 2012  was 168.7/100,000. CONCLUSION: These data suggest a strong association between granulomatous disease and GCTs. The observed incidence of granulomatous disease among patients with GCT represents a 10-fold increase compared with the general population. Additional investigation is needed to elucidate the true nature of this association.

 

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[649]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Oncogenic Wnt/beta-catenin signalling pathways in the cancer-resistant epididymis have implications for cancer research.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Mol Hum Reprod. 2013 Feb;19(2):57-71. doi: 10.1093/molehr/gas051. Epub 2012 Nov 14.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1093/molehr/gas051

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Wang K; Li N; Yeung CH; Li JY; Wang HY; Cooper TG

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Central Laboratory and Shandong Stem Cell Engineering and Technology Research Centre, YuHuangDing Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 26400, PR China.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Aberrant activation of the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway occurs in cancers. This review presents several important cancer-related aspects of Wnt/beta-catenin signalling relevant to the epididymis, provides evidence of such epididymal gene  expression and suggests a new direction for further research. The data presented  here indicate that besides containing many Wnt/beta-catenin-pathway components, the normal adult human epididymis expresses much more beta-catenin than the colorectal carcinoma cell line HCT116, which possesses elevated beta-catenin expression. The low cancer incidence in the epididymis may be due to factors present in the human epididymis that regulate this oncogenic Wnt/beta-catenin pathway, including (i) 14 of 17 secreted pathway inhibitors, (ii) the majority of the micro-RNAs known to target this pathway, (iii) plasma membrane-associated E-cadherin and CEACAM1 that anchor beta-catenin, preventing its availability for  nuclear entry and oncogenic transcriptional activity, (iv) the recently identified membrane-located tumourigenesis inhibitors RNF43 and ZNRF3 that mediate the degradation of the Wnt receptor components Fzds and Lrp5/6 and (v) nuclear KLF4, which competes with TCF for beta-catenin, limiting its transcriptional activity and stabilizing telomeres, thereby reducing mutation incidence. The above regulatory factors expressed by the human epididymis, and the absence of androgen receptor translocation known to promote nuclear translocation of beta-catenin in tumourigenesis in an animal model, may act synergistically to provide hostility in different cell compartments towards tumour formation. The lack of evidence for beta-catenin in epididymal nuclei is noteworthy. Studying this phenomenon may help reveal the mechanisms underlying oncogenic Wnt/beta-catenin signalling and shed new light on cancer therapy and prevention.

 

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[650]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Re: Urologists’ self-referral for pathology of biopsy specimens linked to increased use and lower prostate cancer detection.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Urol. 2012 Nov;188(5):1767. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.07.087. Epub 2012 Sep 19.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.juro.2012.07.087

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Walsh PC

 

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[651]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Pathological Features of Lymph Node Metastasis for Predicting Biochemical Recurrence After Radical Prostatectomy for Prostate Cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Urol. 2012 Oct 22. pii: S0022-5347(12)05255-X. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.10.027.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.juro.2012.10.027

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Carlsson SV; Tafe LJ; Chade DC; Sjoberg DD; Passoni N; Shariat SF; Eastham J; Scardino PT; Fine SW; Touijer KA

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Urology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; Department of Urology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Goteborg, Goteborg, Sweden.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: Subclassification of nodal stage may have prognostic value in men with lymph node metastasis at radical prostatectomy. We explored the role of extranodal extension, size of the largest metastatic lymph node and the largest metastasis, and lymph node density as predictors of biochemical recurrence. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed pathological material from 261 patients with node positive prostate cancer. We examined the predictive value when adding the additional pathology findings to a base model including extraprostatic extension, seminal vesicle invasion, radical prostatectomy Gleason score, prostate specific  antigen and number of positive lymph nodes using the Cox proportional hazards regression and Harrell concordance index. RESULTS: The median number of lymph nodes removed was 14 (IQR 9, 20) and the median number of positive lymph nodes was 1 (IQR 1, 2). At a median followup of 4.6 years (IQR 3.2, 6.0) 155 of 261 patients experienced biochemical recurrence. The mean 5-year biochemical recurrence-free survival rate was 39% (95% CI 33-46). Median diameter of the largest metastatic lymph node was 9 mm (IQR 5, 16). On Cox regression radical prostatectomy specimen Gleason score (greater than 7 vs 7 or less), number of positive lymph nodes (3 or greater vs 1 or 2), seminal vesicle invasion and prostate specific antigen were associated with significantly increased risks of biochemical recurrence. On subset analysis metastasis size significantly improved model discrimination (base model Harrell concordance index 0.700 vs 0.655, p = 0.032). CONCLUSIONS: Our study confirms that the number of positive lymph nodes is a predictor of biochemical recurrence in men with node positive disease. The improvement in prognostic value of measuring the metastatic focus warrants further investigation.

 

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[652]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Semiautomatic bladder segmentation on CBCT using a population-based model for multiple-plan ART of bladder cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Phys Med Biol. 2012 Dec 21;57(24):N525-41. doi: 10.1088/0031-9155/57/24/N525. Epub 2012 Nov 29.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1088/0031-9155/57/24/N525

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Chai X; van Herk M; Betgen A; Hulshof M; Bel A

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Radiation Oncology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands. chaixiangfei@hotmail.com

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - The aim of this study is to develop a novel semiautomatic bladder segmentation approach for selecting the appropriate plan from the library of plans for a multiple-plan adaptive radiotherapy (ART) procedure. A population-based statistical bladder model was first built from a training data set (95 bladder contours from 8 patients). This model was then used as constraint to segment the  bladder in an independent validation data set (233 CBCT scans from the remaining  22 patients). All 3D bladder contours were converted into parametric surface representations using spherical harmonic expansion. Principal component analysis  (PCA) was applied in the spherical harmonic-based shape parameter space to calculate the major variation of bladder shapes. The number of dominating PCA modes was chosen such that 95% of the total shape variation of the training data  set was described. The automatic segmentation started from the bladder contour of the planning CT of each patient, which was modified by changing the weight of each PCA mode. As a result, the segmentation contour was deformed consistently with the training set to best fit the bladder boundary in the localization CBCT image. A cost function was defined to measure the goodness of fit of the segmentation on the localization CBCT image. The segmentation was obtained by minimizing this cost function using a simplex optimizer. After automatic segmentation, a fast manual correction method was provided to correct those bladders (parts) that were poorly segmented. Volume- and distance-based metrics and the accuracy of plan selection from multiple plans were evaluated to quantify the performance of the automatic and semiautomatic segmentation methods. For the  training data set, only seven PCA modes were needed to represent 95% of the bladder shape variation. The mean CI overlap and residual error (SD) of automatic bladder segmentation over all of the validation data were 70.5% and 0.39 cm, respectively. The agreement of plan selection between automatic bladder segmentation and manual delineation was 56.7%. The automatic segmentation and visual assessment took on average 7.8 and 9.7 s, respectively. In 53.4% of the cases, manual correction was performed after automatic segmentation. The manual correction improved the mean CI overlap, mean residual error and plan selection agreement to 77.7%, 0.30 cm and 80.7%, respectively. Manual correction required on average 8.4 markers and took on average 35.5 s. The statistical shape-based segmentation approach allows automatic segmentation of the bladder on CBCT with moderate accuracy. Limited user intervention can quickly and reliably improve the bladder contours. This segmentation method is suitable to select the appropriate  plan for multiple-plan ART of bladder cancer.

 

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[653]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Safety of no bowel preparation before ileal urinary diversion.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - BJU Int. 2012 Dec;110(11 Pt C):E1109-13. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11415.x. Epub 2012 Nov 20.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11415.x

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Hashad MM; Atta M; Elabbady A; Elfiky S; Khattab A; Kotb A

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt. mohie_hashad@yahoo.com

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Study Type - Harm (case series) Level of Evidence 4. What’s known on the subject? and What does the study add? Recent studies show no advantage of bowel preparation before ileal urinary diversion and that avoidance of bowel preparation led to early restoration of intestinal function and shorter hospital  stay. However, this was not tested in a prospective comparison. The current study is a prospective comparison to test for the safety of omitting bowel preparation  before ileal urinary diversion. This study also examines simultaneous effects of  bowel preparation on the ileal flora and mucosa. OBJECTIVE: * To evaluate the safety of no bowel preparation before ileal reconstructive procedures of the lower urinary tract, in comparison to standard 3-day bowel preparation. The present study also examines the effects of bowel preparation on small bowel wall  and bacterial flora. PATIENTS AND METHODS: * This study enrolled 40 patients scheduled for radical cystectomy and ileal urinary diversion, presenting to the department of urology, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt during the period from January 2009 to September 2010. * Patients were prospectively randomized into two groups: Group (I) had standard 3-day bowel preparation. Group (II) had only over-night fasting before surgery. * Intra-operatively, one ml of ileal fluid was collected for bacteriological studies and an ileal wall biopsy was taken for histopathological examination. * Postoperative complications were reported for all patients using modified Clavien system. RESULTS: * Both groups showed insignificant difference regarding the frequency and Clavien grade of postoperative complications (P = 0.30). * Under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, 5 cases in group (I) had bacterial overgrowth of E. coli (>105) versus none in group (II) (P = 0.04). Eight patients in group (I) had sterile ileal fluid cultures versus 18 patients (90%) in group (II). No correlation could be made between would infections and the organisms isolated in ileal fluid cultures. * Histopathological examination of ileal biopsies revealed mucosal edema and submucosal congestion in 9 cases in group (I) versus 2 cases in group (II) (P = 0.0310). CONCLUSIONS: * Omitting bowel preparation before ileal urinary diversion is safe, with no added complications. * Non-preparation of the small bowel is not associated with bacterial overgrowth.

 

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[654]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Dual-source dual-energy CT evaluation of complex cystic renal masses.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2012 Nov;199(5):1026-34. doi: 10.2214/AJR.11.7711.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 2214/AJR.11.7711

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Ascenti G; Mazziotti S; Mileto A; Racchiusa S; Donato R; Settineri N; Gaeta M

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Radiological Sciences, University of Messina, Policlinico G. Martino, via Consolare Valeria 1, 98125 Messina, Italy.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the value of dual-source dual-energy CT in the evaluation of complex cystic renal masses. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Seventy patients underwent contrast-enhanced dual-energy CT that included true unenhanced images acquired in single-energy mode, corticomedullary  phase images acquired in dual-energy mode, and nephrographic phase images acquired in single-energy mode. Virtual unenhanced, blended weighted-average, and color-coded iodine overlay images were reconstructed. The acceptance level and image quality of virtual and true unenhanced images were evaluated. Contrast enhancement on both true unenhanced or blended weighted-average images and color-coded iodine overlay images was evaluated with both calculation in regions  of interest and use of confidence level scales. Radiation dose parameters were estimated. RESULTS: Virtual unenhanced images of 70 lesions (97.2%) and true unenhanced images of 72 lesions (100%) were judged acceptable (p = 0.5). The mean quality score of virtual unenhanced images was 2.0 +/- 0.7 and of true unenhanced images was 1.5 +/- 0.5 (p < 0.001). Mean contrast enhancement measured on true unenhanced and blended weighted-average images was 45.9 +/- 15.9 HU (range, 21-78 HU) and on color-coded iodine overlay images was 47.3 +/- 16.8 HU (range, 22-75 HU) with no significant differences. Enhancement was excluded on color-coded iodine overlay images with a significantly (p < 0.03) higher level of confidence  than it was on true unenhanced and blended weighted-average images. The mean dose reduction with use of a combined dual- and single-energy dual-phase CT protocol was 29.1% +/- 11.9% (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Dual-source dual-energy CT is a reliable imaging technique in the evaluation of complex cystic renal masses. True unenhanced images can be replaced by virtual unenhanced images with considerable  radiation dose reduction. The color-coded iodine overlay technique is a useful tool for both excluding and identifying endocystic enhancement.

 

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[655]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Solid testicular mass in a 63-year-old man.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Urology. 2013 Jan;81(1):9-11. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2012.08.050. Epub 2012 Nov 13.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.urology.2012.08.050

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Ellimoottil C; Perz S; Mehta V; Turk TM; Wheeler J

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois 60153, USA. cellimoottil@lumc.edu

 

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[656]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Atypical presentation of a brown tumor in a kidney transplant recipient: a case report.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Transplant Proc. 2012 Nov;44(9):2849-50. doi: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2012.09.026.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.transproceed.2012.09.026

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Yaich S; Toumi S; El Aoud N; Charfeddine K; Zaghdane S; Kharrat M; Jarraya F; Hachicha J

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Nephrology Department, Hedi Chaker Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia. soumayagfr@yahoo.fr

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Brown tumor is a rare complication of secondary hyperparathyroidism. It is exceptionally encountered after kidney transplantation. We here report on a 54-year-old male recipient who developed a brown tumor localized in the right forearm, and whose initial presentation was atypical, mimicking a bone tumor. Hence, diagnosis of brown tumors should be suggested by clinicians in a context of hyperparathyroidism.

 

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[657]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Re: Trends and attitudes in surgical management of benign prostatic hyperplasia.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Urol. 2012 Dec;188(6):2313-4. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.08.155. Epub 2012 Oct 22.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.juro.2012.08.155

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Kaplan SA

 

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[658]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Significance of Gleason grading of low-grade carcinoma of the prostate with therapeutic option of active surveillance.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Urol Int. 2013;90(1):17-23. doi: 10.1159/000342810. Epub 2012 Oct 24.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1159/000342810

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Helpap B; Kristiansen G; Kollermann J; Shaikhibrahim Z; Wernert N; Oehler U; Fellbaum C

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Institute of Pathology, HB Hospital Singen, Singen, Germany. burkhard.helpap @ hbh-kliniken.de

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - INTRODUCTION: Active surveillance needs a precise grading diagnosis of a low-grade carcinoma of the prostate (Gleason score (GS) 6) within a small organ-confined tumor. However, how accurate is the gold standard of GS 6 in predicting a small pT2 carcinoma? To answer this question, we have analyzed grading systems in this study. METHODS: Prostatic carcinomas in biopsy and corresponding radical prostatectomy (RP) specimens of 960 patients were graded by the Gleason system in which glandular fusions and nucleolar stage (prominence and location) were considered. RESULTS: Using the modified Gleason grading, a high upgrading rate from the biopsy to RP specimens (GS 6-7) and in even 30% a non-organ-confined growth pattern (pT3) of GS 6 carcinoma in RP was found. When considering glandular fusion and the incorporation of the state of nucleoli within the Gleason grading, the agreement of score 6 between biopsy and RP specimens as well as the prediction of a pT2a tumor increased from about 80 to 90%. CONCLUSION: The combination of Gleason grading and grading of the nuclear and nucleolar features may help to identify patients eligible for active surveillance.

 

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[659]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Progress in emerging therapies for advanced prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Cancer Treat Rev. 2013 May;39(3):275-89. doi: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2012.09.005. Epub 2012 Oct 26.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.ctrv.2012.09.005

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Oudard S

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Service d’Oncologie Medicale, Hopital Europeen Georges Pompidou, Universite Paris Descartes, Paris 5, Paris, France. stephane.oudard@egp.aphp.fr

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - The landscape of prostate cancer treatment is rapidly changing as extensive research into potential therapies yields new options. In this article, the literature is reviewed to identify emerging therapies for advanced prostate cancer. Emphasis is placed on agents that have been approved in the United States of America (USA) and the European Union, or that have reached phase III clinical  studies. Several new therapies have been approved in recent years across different stages of the natural history of the disease. Degarelix, a luteinizing  hormone-releasing hormone antagonist, has been approved for reducing testosterone to castrate levels in hormone-sensitive disease. No new agents have been approved for use in combination with docetaxel chemotherapy, the current standard of care  for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. One immunotherapy, sipuleucel-T, has been approved (USA only) in the pre-docetaxel setting. Cabazitaxel, a next-generation taxane, and abiraterone acetate, an inhibitor of androgen biosynthesis, have both been approved as second-line agents following chemotherapy. Enzalutamide (MDV3100), an androgen receptor antagonist, has been shown to increase overall survival in the post-chemotherapy setting in metastatic disease. Denosumab, an antibody-based bone-targeted agent, has been approved for  the prevention of skeletal-related events in patients with bone metastases. Radium-223 chloride, an alpha-emitting radiopharmaceutical, is likely to gain approval soon following promising results in a phase III trial. Clinical studies  involving other promising agents are ongoing. The emergence of these therapies adds to the growing armamentarium against prostate cancer.

 

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[660]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma is Associated with a Distinct Urinary Metabolomic Signature.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Ann Surg Oncol. 2012 Oct 25.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1245/s10434-012-2686-7

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Davis VW; Schiller DE; Eurich D; Bathe OF; Sawyer MB

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Surgery, 2D2.01 Walter Mackenzie Health Sciences Center, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada, vwdavis@ualberta.ca.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive malignancy with poor prognosis in part due to the lack of early detection and screening methods. Metabolomics provides a means for noninvasive screening of tumor-associated perturbations in cellular metabolism. METHODS: Urine samples of  PDAC patients (n = 32), healthy age and gender-matched controls (n = 32), and patients with benign pancreatic conditions (n = 25) were examined using (1)H-NMR  spectroscopy. Targeted profiling of spectra permitted quantification of 66 metabolites. Unsupervised (principal component analysis, PCA) and supervised (orthogonal partial-least squares discriminant analysis, OPLS-DA) multivariate pattern recognition techniques were applied to discriminate between sample spectra using SIMCA-P(+) (version 12, Umetrics, Sweden). RESULTS: Clear distinction between PDAC and controls was noted when using OPLS-DA. Significant differences in metabolite concentrations between cancers and controls (p < 0.001) were noted. Model parameters for both goodness of fit, and predictive capability  were high (R (2) = 0.85; Q (2) = 0.59, respectively). Internal validation methods were used to confirm model validity. Sensitivity and specificity of the multivariate OPLS-DA model were summarized using a receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve, with an area under the curve (AUROC) = 0.988, indicating strong predictive power. Preliminary analysis revealed an AUROC = 0.958 for the model of benign pancreatic disease compared with PDAC, and suggest  that the cancer-associated metabolomic signature dissipates following RO resection. CONCLUSIONS: Urinary metabolomics detected distinct differences in the metabolic profiles of pancreatic cancer compared with healthy controls and benign pancreatic disease. These preliminary results suggest that metabolomic approaches may facilitate discovery of novel pancreatic cancer biomarkers.

 

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[661]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Reconstruction of the pelvis and perineum with a free latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap: a case report.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 2012 Nov;94(8):e254-6. doi: 10.1308/003588412X13373405387537.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1308/003588412X13373405387537

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Kieran I; Nugent N; Riordain MO; Kelly J

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Department, Cork University Hospital, Wilton,  Cork, Ireland. ingridkieran@yahoo.com

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Reconstruction of the perineum and pelvic cavity in continuity is an uncommon and difficult challenge. This case describes a 66-year-old man who presented following recurrence of a Dukes’ B rectosigmoid adenocarcinoma that had been treated nine years previously by anterior resection, 5-fluorouracil and radiotherapy. His recurrent disease was treated with radical pelvic exenteration  with formation of an end colostomy and urinary ileal conduit. A post-operative pelvic collection necessitated incisional drainage via the perineum. This resulted in a perineal defect in continuity with the pelvic cavity, neither of which healed in spite of alternate day packing with antiseptic dressings. The perineum and cavity were reconstructed successfully with a microvascular transfer of the latissimus dorsi using the primary gracilis pedicle as recipient donor vessels.

 

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[662]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - The Sensitivity of Initial Transurethral Resection or Biopsy of Bladder Tumor(s)  for Detecting Bladder Cancer Variants on Radical Cystectomy.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Urol. 2012 Oct 17. pii: S0022-5347(12)05283-4. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.10.054.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.juro.2012.10.054

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Abd El-Latif A; Watts KE; Elson P; Fergany A; Hansel DE

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland, Ohio.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: We determined the ability of bladder biopsy and transurethral resection  of the bladder to accurately predict bladder cancer variants on radical cystectomy since certain variants may affect prognosis and treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated the records of 302 patients who underwent biopsy and/or transurethral resection of the bladder followed by radical cystectomy from 2008 to 2010. The frequency of variant morphology and the sensitivity of the precystectomy material was determined using pathological findings at radical cystectomy as the final result. RESULTS: Bladder cancer variants were identified in 159 patients (53%) on initial biopsy/transurethral resection and/or final pathological evaluation at radical cystectomy. The most common variant was urothelial carcinoma with squamous differentiation in 72 of 159 patients (45%), followed by micropapillary urothelial carcinoma in 41 (26%).  In 9 patients (6%) variant morphology was identified only on biopsy/transurethral resection bladder and not on final radical cystectomy pathological assessment. The remaining 150 patients (94%) showed variant morphology on radical cystectomy  with (79 or 53%) or without (71 or 47%) variant morphology on the preceding biopsy/transurethral resection. The sensitivity of variant detection showed a broad range by variant subtype. Overall, initial biopsy/transurethral resection sensitivity was 39% for predicting variant morphology on radical cystectomy. CONCLUSIONS: Overall sensitivity for predicting bladder cancer variants from biopsy/transurethral resection of the bladder sampling is relatively low. This is likely due to sampling and tumor heterogeneity rather than to an inaccurate pathological diagnosis. Additional predictive markers of variant morphology may be useful to determine which tumors contain aggressive variants that may alter outcomes or therapy.

 

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[663]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Expression of EZH2 in renal cell carcinoma as a novel prognostic marker.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Pathol Int. 2012 Nov;62(11):735-41. doi: 10.1111/pin.12001.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1111/pin.12001

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Lee HW; Choe M

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Pathology, Dongsan Medical Center, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is a member of the Polycomb group proteins and a part of Polycomb repressive complex 2. EZH2 is important for transcriptional regulation through nucleosome modification and interaction with other transcription factors. Particularly, aberration of EZH2 has been implicated in oncogenesis and progression of various neoplasms. The objective of this study was to evaluate EZH2 expression in renal cell carcinoma (RCC), especially clear cell  RCC (CRCC) and correlate the expression with prognostic factors. EZH2 expression  was determined by immunohistochemical staining with additional Western blotting.  High expression of EZH2 was significantly correlated with higher pT stage or more frequent distant metastases (P= 0.001 and 0.024, respectively). Survival analyses displayed that patients with high EZH2 expression had a significantly shorter disease-free survival than those with low expression (P= 0.019). High expression  of EZH2 tended to reduce the overall survival, however, differences did not reach statistical significance (P= 0.066). From our results, we propose that EZH2 is a  useful prognostic marker for aggressive behavior of CRCC and may be applicable as a therapeutic target molecule.

 

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[664]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Benign renal schwannoma.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Urol. 2013 Jan;189(1):317-8. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.10.037. Epub 2012 Oct 23.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.juro.2012.10.037

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Mikkilineni H; Thupili CR

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.

 

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[665]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - New agents for the management of castration-resistant prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Ann Pharmacother. 2012 Nov;46(11):1518-28. doi: 10.1345/aph.1R169. Epub 2012 Nov  7.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1345/aph.1R169

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Cersosimo RJ

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Veterans Administration Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA. r.cersosimo@neu.edu

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - OBJECTIVE: To review the activity of 3 new agents approved for the management of  advanced castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC): sipuleucel-T, cabazitaxel,  and abiraterone acetate. DATA SOURCES: Literature was accessed through MEDLINE (1977-June 2012) and abstracts from the American Society of Clinical Oncology (2000-2012) using the terms castration-resistant and hormone-refractory prostate  cancer, sipuleucel-T, cabazitaxel, abiraterone, Provenge, Jevtana, and Zytiga. Reference citations from publications identified were also reviewed. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: Articles identified from the data sources in English on human subjects were evaluated. DATA SYNTHESIS: Options for patients with CRPC have been limited, with little to offer those who failed or could not tolerate docetaxel-based therapy. Three new drugs, with very different mechanisms of action, have changed that and will undoubtedly change the treatment paradigm for these patients. Each agent has demonstrated an impact on patient survival. Sipuleucel-T, the first immunotherapy approved for treatment of CRPC, improved median overall survival by 4.1 months and reduced the risk of death by 22% in a placebo-controlled trial of asymptomatic patients. Sipuleucel-T can be administered prior to docetaxel-based therapy. Cabazitaxel, a taxane chemotherapy agent, improved median overall survival by 2.4 months and reduced the risk of death by 30% in a Phase 3 trial of patients whose cancer progressed during or after docetaxel-based therapy. Abiraterone acetate, a hormonal therapy, improved  median overall survival by 3.9 months and reduced the risk of death by 35% in patients with relapse during or after docetaxel-based therapy. CONCLUSIONS: The advent of new agents for the management of advanced CRPC has increased the choices for patients whose options were limited. Additional experience will determine the optimal sequencing of these agents, their roles in combination therapy, and their activity in patients with earlier disease.

 

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[666]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Who benefits from a psychosocial counselling versus educational intervention to improve psychological quality of life in prostate cancer survivors?

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Psychol Health. 2013;28(3):336-54. doi: 10.1080/08870446.2012.731058. Epub 2012 Oct 9.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1080/08870446.2012.731058

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Badger TA; Segrin C; Figueredo AJ; Harrington J; Sheppard K; Passalacqua S; Pasvogel A; Bishop M

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - College of Nursing, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - OBJECTIVE: We examined selected survivor characteristics to determine what factors might moderate the response to two psychosocial interventions. DESIGN: Seventy-one prostate cancer survivors (PCSs) were randomly assigned to either a telephone-delivered health education (THE) intervention or a telephone-delivered  interpersonal counselling (TIP-C) intervention. MEASURES: Psychological quality of life (QOL) outcomes included depression, negative and positive affect, and perceived stress. RESULTS: For three of the psychological outcomes (depression, negative affect and stress), there were distinct advantages from participating in THE. For example, more favourable depression outcomes occurred when men were older, had lower prostate specific functioning, were in active chemotherapy, had  lower social support from friends and lower cancer knowledge. Participating in the TIP-C provided a more favourable outcome for positive affect when men had higher education, prostate specific functioning, social support from friends and  cancer knowledge. CONCLUSION: Unique survivor characteristics must be considered  when recommending interventions that might improve psychological QOL in PCSs. Future research must examine who benefits most and from what components of psychosocial interventions to enable clinicians to recommend appropriate psychosocial care.

 

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[667]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Prostate cancer incidence and tumor severity in Georgia: descriptive epidemiology, racial disparity, and geographic trends.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Cancer Causes Control. 2013 Jan;24(1):153-66. doi: 10.1007/s10552-012-0101-0. Epub 2012 Nov 21.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s10552-012-0101-0

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Wagner SE; Bauer SE; Bayakly AR; Vena JE

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, 101 Buck Road, Health Sciences Campus, Athens, GA 30602, USA. swagner@uga.edu

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: Limited research has been conducted to describe the geographical clustering and distribution of prostate cancer (PrCA) incidence in Georgia (GA).  This study describes and compares the temporal and geographic trends of PrCA incidence in GA with a specific focus on racial disparities. METHODS: GA Comprehensive Cancer Registry PrCA incidence data were obtained for 1998-2008. Directly standardized age-adjusted PrCA incidence rates per 100,000 were analyzed by race, stage, grade, and county. County-level hotspots of PrCA incidence were analyzed with the Getis-Ord Gi* statistic in a geographic information system; a census tract-level cluster analysis was performed with a Discrete Poisson model and implemented in SaTScan(®) software. RESULTS: Significant (p < 0.05) hotspots of PrCA incidence were observed in nine southwestern counties and six centrally located counties among men of both races. Six significant (p < 0.1) clusters of PrCA incidence rates were detected for men of both races in north and northwest central Georgia. When stratified by race, clusters among white and black men were similar, although centroids were slightly shifted. Most notably, a large (122 km radius) cluster in northwest central Georgia was detected only in whites, and two smaller clusters (0-32 km radii) were detected in Southwest Georgia only in black men. Clusters of high-grade and late-stage tumors were identified primarily in the northern portion of the state among men of both races. CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed a pattern of higher incidence and more advanced disease in northern and northwest central Georgia, highlighting geographic patterns that need more research and investigation of possible environmental determinants.

 

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[668]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Multiphasic contrast-enhanced MRI: Single-slice versus volumetric quantification  of tumor enhancement for the assessment of renal clear-cell carcinoma fuhrman grade.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Magn Reson Imaging. 2012 Nov 13. doi: 10.1002/jmri.23899.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1002/jmri.23899

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Vargas HA; Delaney HG; Delappe EM; Wang Y; Zheng J; Moskowitz CS; Tan Y; Zhao B; Schwartz LH; Hricak H; Russo P; Akin O

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA. vargasah@mskcc.org.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: To assess the association between clear-cell carcinoma pathology grade at nephrectomy and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) tumor enhancement. MATERIALS  AND METHODS: The Institutional Review Board approved this retrospective study and waived the informed consent requirement. In all, 32 patients underwent multiphase contrast-enhanced MRI prior to nephrectomy. MRI tumor enhancement was measured using two approaches: 1) the most enhancing portion of the tumor on a single slice and 2) volumetric analysis of enhancement in the entire tumor. Associations between pathological grade, tumor size, and enhancement were evaluated using the  Kruskal-Wallis test and generalized logistic regression models. RESULTS: No significant association between pathology grade and enhancement was found when measurements were made on a single slice. When measured in the entire tumor, significant associations were found between higher pathology grades and lower mean, median, top 10%, top 25%, and top 50% tumor enhancement (P < 0.001-0.002).  On multivariate analysis the association between grade and enhancement remained significant (P = 0.041-0.043), but tumor size did not make an additional contribution beyond tumor enhancement alone in differentiating between tumor grades. CONCLUSION: There is significant association between tumor grade and enhancement, but only when measured in the entire tumor and not on the most enhancing portion on a single slice. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012. Esta es una cita bibliográfica que va por delante de la publicación en papel. La fecha indicada en la cita provista, NO corresponde con la fecha o la cita bibliográfica de la publicación en papel. La cita bibliográfica definitiva (con el volumen y su paginación) saldrá en 1 ó 2 meses a partir de la fecha de la emisión electrónica-online. *** This is a bibliographic record ahead of the paper publication. The given date in the bibliographic record does not correspond to the date or the bibliographic citation on the paper publication. The publisher will provide the final bibliographic citation (with the volume, and pagination) within 1 or 2 months from the date the record was published online. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

 

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[669]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Multiparametric MRI for prostate cancer localization in correlation to whole-mount histopathology.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Magn Reson Imaging. 2012 Nov 21. doi: 10.1002/jmri.23938.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1002/jmri.23938

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Isebaert S; Van den Bergh L; Haustermans K; Joniau S; Lerut E; De Wever L; De Keyzer F; Budiharto T; Slagmolen P; Van Poppel H; Oyen R

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. sofie.isebaert@med.kuleuven.be.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: To prospectively evaluate multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for accurate localization of intraprostatic tumor nodules, with whole-mount histopathology as the gold standard. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy-five patients with biopsy-proven, intermediate, and high-risk prostate cancer underwent preoperative T2-weighted (T2w), dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) and diffusion-weighted (DW) MRI at 1.5T. Localization of suspicious lesions was recorded for each of 24 standardized regions of interest on the different MR images and correlated with the pathologic findings. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) were used to estimate the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive, and negative predictive value for every MRI modality, as well as to evaluate the influence of Gleason score and pT-stage. Tumor volume measurements on histopathological specimens were correlated with those on the different MR modalities (Pearson correlation). RESULTS: DW MRI had the highest sensitivity for tumor localization (31.1% vs. 27.4% vs. 44.5% for T2w, DCE, and DW MRI, respectively; P < 0.005), with more aggressive or more advanced tumors being more easily detected with this imaging modality. Significantly higher sensitivity values were obtained for the combination of T2w, DCE, and DW MRI (58.8%) as compared to each modality alone or any combination of two modalities (P < 0.0001). Tumor volume can most accurately be assessed by means of DW MRI (r = 0.75; P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Combining T2w, DCE, and DW imaging significantly improves prostate cancer localization. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

 

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[670]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - The prostate cancer screening controversy: addressing bioethical concerns at a community health promotion event for men.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Health Care Poor Underserved. 2012 Nov;23(4 Suppl):11-4. doi: 10.1353/hpu.2012.0160.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1353/hpu.2012.0160

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Davis JL; Grant CG; Rivers BM; Rivera-Colon V; Ramos R; Antolino P; Harris E; Green BL

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior at Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA. jenna.davis@moffitt.org

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - There are bioethical concerns related to prostate cancer screening. A new prostate cancer screening approach at a community health promotion event used vouchers to promote informed decision-making in order to reduce these concerns.

 

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[671]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Wilms’ tumor 1 gene modulates Fas-related death signals and anti-apoptotic functions in hepatocellular carcinoma.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Gastroenterol. 2012 Nov 10.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s00535-012-0708-7

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Uesugi K; Hiasa Y; Tokumoto Y; Mashiba T; Koizumi Y; Hirooka M; Abe M; Matsuura B; Onji M

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: The Wilms’ tumor 1 (WT1) gene is known to be overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and to upregulate tumor growth and oncogenic potential, although the detailed mechanisms remain to be elucidated. METHODS: We  identified host genes involved in WT1 gene modulation of human liver cancer cell  lines in vitro, and further characterized genes related to apoptosis. Moreover, we evaluated the alteration of genes by WT1 in 40 HCC and 58 non-HCC human liver  samples collected at resection. RESULTS: Analysis of the effect of small interfering RNAs-mediated knock-down of WT1 on apoptosis using an annexin V labeling assay, and on modulation of the activity of caspases-3, -8 and -9, indicated that WT1 has an anti-apoptotic role. We identified three apoptosis-related genes that were modulated by WT1; the cellular FLICE-inhibitory proteins (cFLIP) gene was upregulated, and Fas-associated death domain (FADD) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) were downregulated. Interestingly, knock-down  of FADD or NF-kappaB resulted in the upregulation of WT1, and the expression of cFLIP changed in parallel with WT1 expression. We further evaluated WT1-mediated  alteration of genes in HCC and non-HCC human liver samples. Both HCC and non-HCC  tissues that expressed relatively high levels of WT1 showed cFLIP overexpression. CONCLUSIONS: WT1 modulates cFLIP, FADD and NF-kappaB, and has an anti-apoptotic role in HCC. This mechanism of action of WT1 could be related to the tumor growth and oncogenic potential of HCC.

 

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[672]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Association between Statin Usage and Prostate Cancer Prevention: A Refined Meta-Analysis Based on Literature from the Years 2005-2010.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Urol Int. 2012 Oct 9.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1159/000341977

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Zhang Y; Zang T

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, General Hospital of Beijing Military Command, Beijing, China.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Introduction: Statins are cholesterol-lowering drugs that are widely used to prevent and treat atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. It was found that statins can be associated with the occurrence of prostate cancer. However, no consensus has been concluded. Materials and Methods: In the present study, we provide a refined meta-analysis on the association between statins and prostate cancers. Our objective is to offer a congruent recognition of the impact of statins on prostate cancer. Results: Our refined analysis has included seven previous publications from the years 2005 to 2010. Conclusions: Based on the results, we concluded that there were associations for statin usage in preventing prostate cancer (OR 1.195, 95% CI 1.018-1.403, p = 0.029). Different from previous meta-analyses, our positive conclusion is primarily based on the recent  new published literature, which supported the efficiency of statin use to control prostate cancer. More specific efforts for excluding the influence of other factors are crucial in further assessment of the efficiency of statin use.

 

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[673]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Assessing the Invasive Potential of Bladder Cancer: Development and Validation of a New Preclinical Assay.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Urol. 2012 Oct 11. pii: S0022-5347(12)05186-5. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.10.007.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.juro.2012.10.007

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Bolenz C; Gorzelanny C; Knauf D; Keil T; Steidler A; Halter N; Martini T; Schneider SW

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Experimental Dermatology, Mannheim Medical Center, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany. Electronic address: christian.bolenz@umm.de.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: We developed and validated an electrophysiological method for standardized preclinical assessment of the invasive potential of urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Human UMUC-3, RT-112, HT-1197 and T24/83 bladder urothelial carcinoma cells, and UROtsa benign urothelial cells were co-cultivated with high resistance MDCK-C7 cells seeded below a 0.4 mum pore membrane of an insert to avoid physical contact and cellular migration. Transepithelial electrical resistance in Omega cm2 across the MDCK-C7 monolayer was measured longitudinally. Invasive potential coefficients were calculated based on the secretion of proteolytic factors by invading cells. RESULTS: Consistent transepithelial electrical resistance breakdown patterns were reproduced in 14 or more independent samples of each cell line. Coefficients of invasive potential were significantly higher in bladder urothelial carcinoma than UROtsa cells, including a mean +/- SD of 1.5 +/- 0.32 vs 9.9 +/- 4.97 in UMUC-3,  12.5 +/- 6.61 in T24/83, 20.5 +/- 4.24 in RT-112 and 21.0 +/- 5.15 in HT-1197 cells (p <0.001). No correlation was found between the secretion patterns of matrix metalloproteinase-1, 2 and 9, and invasive potential. Stimulation of UROtsa cells with recombinant human epidermal growth factor up-regulated matrix metalloproteinase-9 secretion and significantly increased invasive potential a mean of 1.3 +/- 0.22 vs 14.6 +/- 3.28 after stimulation with 10 ng/ml epidermal growth factor (p <0.001). CONCLUSIONS: We developed a highly sensitive translational tool to study the initial process of metastatic spread of urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. The presented electrophysiological invasion  assay enables reliable quantification of the invasive potential of bladder urothelial carcinoma cells before physical transmigration. It can be used to identify key molecules for bladder urothelial carcinoma invasion and develop new  therapeutic strategies.

 

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[674]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Re: GPRC6A regulates prostate cancer progression.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Urol. 2012 Nov;188(5):2016. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.07.066. Epub 2012 Sep 20.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.juro.2012.07.066

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Atala A

 

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[675]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Lymph node excision for renal cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Urol. 2013 Feb;189(2):419-21. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.11.086. Epub 2012 Nov 15.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.juro.2012.11.086

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Montgomery JS; Leibovich BC

 

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[676]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - The Specificity of Urinary Aquaporin 1 and Perilipin 2 to Screen for Renal Cell Carcinoma.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Urol. 2012 Nov 12. pii: S0022-5347(12)05499-7. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.11.034.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.juro.2012.11.034

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Morrissey JJ; Kharasch ED

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Division of Clinical and Translational Research, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri; Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri. Electronic address: morrisse@wustl.edu.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: Renal cancer is frequently asymptomatic until late stages of the disease and it has a poor prognosis when not discovered early. AQP1 and PLIN2 are recently discovered, sensitive urine biomarkers of clear cell and papillary kidney cancer. We validated these biomarkers in a second cohort of patients and determined the effect of common kidney diseases on specificity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Urine samples were obtained from 36 patients with clear cell or papillary kidney cancer, 43 controls, 44 patients with documented urinary tract infection, 24 diagnosed with diabetic nephropathy and 18 diagnosed with glomerulonephritis. Urine levels of AQP1 and PLIN2 normalized to urine creatinine were determined by a sensitive, specific Western blot procedure. RESULTS: Compared with controls, urine AQP1 and PLIN2 levels in patients with kidney cancer were 23-fold and fourfold greater, respectively, and they decreased 83% to 84% after tumor excision. There was a linear correlation between urine AQP1 and PLIN2 levels, and tumor size (each p <0.001). Urine AQP1 and PLIN2 levels in patients with kidney cancer were 11 to 23-fold and 17 to 25-fold greater, respectively, than in patients with the common kidney diseases. CONCLUSIONS: The  ability of urine AQP1 and PLIN2 to identify patients with kidney cancer compared  to controls was validated in a second cohort of patients. Common kidney diseases  do not adversely increase urine AQP1 and PLIN2 levels or decrease their specificity to screen for renal cancer.

 

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[677]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Succinate dehydrogenase kidney cancer: an aggressive example of the Warburg effect in cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Urol. 2012 Dec;188(6):2063-71. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.08.030. Epub 2012 Oct 18.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.juro.2012.08.030

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Ricketts CJ; Shuch B; Vocke CD; Metwalli AR; Bratslavsky G; Middelton L; Yang Y; Wei MH; Pautler SE; Peterson J; Stolle CA; Zbar B; Merino MJ; Schmidt LS; Pinto PA; Srinivasan R; Pacak K; Linehan WM

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute,  National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: Recently, a new renal cell cancer syndrome has been linked to germline mutation of multiple subunits (SDHB/C/D) of the Krebs cycle enzyme, succinate dehydrogenase. We report our experience with the diagnosis, evaluation and treatment of this novel form of hereditary kidney cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS:  Patients with suspected hereditary kidney cancer were enrolled on a National Cancer Institute institutional review board approved protocol to study inherited  forms of kidney cancer. Individuals from families with germline SDHB, SDHC and SDHD mutations, and kidney cancer underwent comprehensive clinical and genetic evaluation. RESULTS: A total of 14 patients from 12 SDHB mutation families were evaluated. Patients presented with renal cell cancer at an early age (33 years, range 15 to 62), metastatic kidney cancer developed in 4 and some families had no manifestation other than kidney tumors. An additional family with 6 individuals found to have clear cell renal cell cancer that presented at a young average age  (47 years, range 40 to 53) was identified with a germline SDHC mutation (R133X) Metastatic disease developed in 2 of these family members. A patient with a history of carotid body paragangliomas and an aggressive form of kidney cancer was evaluated from a family with a germline SDHD mutation. CONCLUSIONS: SDH mutation associated renal cell carcinoma can be an aggressive type of kidney cancer, especially in younger individuals. Although detection and management of early tumors is most often associated with a good outcome, based on our initial experience with these patients and our long-term experience with hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell carcinoma, we recommend careful surveillance of patients at risk for SDH mutation associated renal cell carcinoma and wide surgical excision of renal tumors.

 

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[678]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Rectourethral fistula after salvage cryotherapy for prostate adenocarcinoma.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Urol. 2013 Feb;189(2):699-700. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.10.132. Epub 2012 Nov 10.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.juro.2012.10.132

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Kim IW; Herts BR; Jones JS

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute and Imaging Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.

 

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[679]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Re: Primary renal cell carcinoma: relationship between 18F-FDG uptake and response to neoadjuvant sorafenib.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Urol. 2012 Dec;188(6):2146. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.08.166. Epub 2012 Oct 18.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.juro.2012.08.166

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Taneja SS

 

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[680]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - CRM1 Blockade by Selective Inhibitors of Nuclear Export Attenuates Kidney Cancer  Growth.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Urol. 2012 Oct 16. pii: S0022-5347(12)05217-2. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.10.018.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.juro.2012.10.018

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Inoue H; Kauffman M; Shacham S; Landesman Y; Yang J; Evans CP; Weiss RH

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California; Comparative Pathology Graduate Group, University of California-Davis, Davis, California.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: Renal cell carcinoma often presents asymptomatically and patients are commonly diagnosed at the metastatic stage, when treatment options are limited and survival is poor. Since progression-free survival using current therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma is only 1 to 2 years and existing drugs are associated with a high resistance rate, new pharmacological targets are needed. We identified and evaluated the nuclear exporter protein CRM1 as a novel potential therapy for renal cell carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We tested the  efficacy of the CRM1 inhibitors KPT-185 and 251 in several renal cell carcinoma cell lines and in a renal cell carcinoma xenograft model. Apoptosis and cell cycle arrest were quantified and localization of p53 family proteins was assessed using standard techniques. RESULTS: KPT-185 attenuated CRM1 and showed increased  cytotoxicity in renal cell carcinoma cells in vitro with evidence of increased apoptosis as well as cell cycle arrest. KPT-185 caused p53 and p21 to remain primarily in the nucleus in all renal cell carcinoma cell lines, suggesting that  the mechanism of action of these compounds depends on tumor suppressor protein localization. Furthermore, when administered orally in a high grade renal cell carcinoma xenograft model, the bioavailable CRM1 inhibitor KPT-251 significantly  inhibited tumor growth in vivo with the expected on target effects and no obvious toxicity. CONCLUSIONS: The CRM1 inhibitor protein family is a novel therapeutic target for renal cell carcinoma that deserves further intensive investigation for this and other urological malignancies.

 

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[681]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Myoblasts Inhibit Prostate Cancer Growth by Paracrine Secretion of Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Urol. 2012 Oct 30. pii: S0022-5347(12)05359-1. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.10.071.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.juro.2012.10.071

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Stolting MN; Ferrari S; Handschin C; Becskei A; Provenzano M; Sulser T; Eberli D

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Laboratory for Urologic Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Therapy, Division of Urology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: Myoblasts can form muscle fibers after transplantation. Therefore, they  are envisioned as a treatment for urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy. However, to our knowledge the safety of this treatment and the interaction of myoblasts with any remaining neighboring cancer are unknown. We investigated the interactions between myoblasts and prostate carcinoma cells in vitro and in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Myoblasts isolated from the rectus abdominis were used in a series of co-culture experiments with prostate cancer cells and subcutaneously co-injected in vivo. Cell proliferation, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of cancer in co-culture with myoblasts were assessed. Tumor  volume and metastasis formation were evaluated in a mouse model. Tissue specific  markers were assessed by immunohistochemistry, fluorescence activated cell sorting analysis, Western blot and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Myoblasts in proximity to tumor provided paracrine tumor necrosis factor-alpha to their microenvironment, decreasing the tumor growth of all prostate cancer cell lines examined. Co-culture experiments revealed induction of cell cycle arrest, tumor death by apoptosis and increased myoblast differentiation. This effect was largely blocked by tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibition. The same outcome was noted in a mouse model, in which co-injected human myoblasts also inhibited the tumor growth and metastasis formation of all prostate cancer cell lines evaluated. CONCLUSIONS: Myoblasts restrict prostate cancer growth and limit metastasis formation by paracrine tumor necrosis factor-alpha secretion in vitro and in vivo.

 

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[682]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder and the Upper Tract: Disparate Twins.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Urol. 2012 Sep 27. pii: S0022-5347(12)05012-4. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.05.079.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.juro.2012.05.079

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Green DA; Rink M; Xylinas E; Matin SF; Stenzl A; Roupret M; Karakiewicz PI; Scherr DS; Shariat SF

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: Urothelial carcinoma of the bladder is the 4th most common malignancy in men and the 8th most common cause of male cancer death in the United States. Conversely, upper tract urothelial carcinoma accounts for only 5% to 10% of all urothelial carcinoma. Due to the relative preponderance of urothelial carcinoma of the bladder, much of the clinical decision making regarding upper tract urothelial carcinoma is extrapolated from evidence that is based on urothelial carcinoma of the bladder cohorts. In fact, only 1 major urological organization has treatment guidelines specific for upper tract urothelial carcinoma. While significant similarities exist between these 2 diseases, ignoring the important differences may be preventing us from optimizing therapy in patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma. Therefore, we explored these dissimilarities, including the differential importance of gender, anatomy, staging, intracavitary  therapy, surgical lymphadenectomy and perioperative systemic chemotherapy on the  behavior of urothelial carcinoma of the bladder and upper tract urothelial carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A nonsystematic literature search using the MEDLINE/PubMed® database was conducted to identify original articles, review articles and editorials. Searches were limited to the English language and studies in humans and in adults, and used the key words urothelial carcinoma, upper tract urothelial carcinoma or transitional cell carcinoma combined with several different sets of key words to identify appropriate publications for each section of the manuscript. The key words, broken down by section, were 1) epidemiology, sex, gender; 2) location, tumor location; 3) staging, stage; 4) intracavitary, intravesical, topical therapy; 5) lymphadenectomy, lymph node, lymph node dissection and 6) adjuvant, neoadjuvant, chemotherapy. RESULTS: Women  who present with urothelial carcinoma of the bladder do so with less favorable tumor characteristics and have worse survival than men. However, gender does not  appear to be associated with survival outcomes in upper tract urothelial carcinoma. The prognostic effect that urothelial carcinoma tumor location has on  outcomes prediction is a matter of debate, and the influence of tumor location may reflect our technical ability to accurately stage and treat the disease more  than the actual tumor biology. Moreover, technical limitations of upper tract urothelial carcinoma sampling compared to transurethral resection for urothelial  carcinoma of the bladder are the most important source of staging differences between the 2 diseases. Intravesical chemotherapy and immunotherapy are essential components of standard of care for most nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer, while  adjuvant intracavitary therapy for patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma treated endoscopically or percutaneously has been sparsely used and without any clear guidelines. The widespread adoption of the use of intracavitary therapy in  the upper tract will likely not only require additional data to support its efficacy, but will also require a less cumbersome means of administration. Lymphadenectomy at the time of radical cystectomy is widely accepted while lymphadenectomy at the time of radical nephroureterectomy is performed largely at the discretion of the surgeon. Among other reasons, this may be due in part to the variable lymphatic drainage along the course of the ureter compared to the relatively confined lymphatic landing sites for the bladder. Level I evidence has demonstrated a clear survival benefit for systemic chemotherapy before radical surgery or radiation in patients with clinical T2-4N0M0 urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. Such data are not available in the population with upper tract urothelial carcinoma. However, the use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy may be even more important in upper tract urothelial carcinoma than in urothelial carcinoma of the bladder because of the obligatory kidney function loss that occurs at radical nephroureterectomy. CONCLUSIONS: While urothelial carcinoma of the bladder and upper tract urothelial carcinoma share many characteristics, they represent 2 distinct diseases. There are practical, anatomical, biological and molecular differences that warrant consideration when risk stratifying and treating patients with these disparate twin diseases. To overcome the challenges  that impede progress toward evidence-based medicine in upper tract urothelial carcinoma, we believe that focused collaborative efforts will best augment our understanding of this rare disease and ultimately improve the care we deliver to  our patients.

 

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[683]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Re: Radical prostatectomy versus observation for localized prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Urol. 2012 Dec;188(6):2225-6. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.09.067. Epub 2012 Oct 22.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.juro.2012.09.067

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Walsh PC

 

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[684]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Re: VHL-Regulated miR-204 suppresses tumor growth through inhibition of LC3B-mediated autophagy in renal clear cell carcinoma.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Urol. 2012 Dec;188(6):2434. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.08.067. Epub 2012 Oct 22.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.juro.2012.08.067

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Atala A

 

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[685]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Oncologic Outcomes Using Real-Time Peripheral Thermometry-Guided Radiofrequency Ablation of Small Renal Masses.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Endourol. 2013 Mar 26.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1089/end.2012.0305

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Leveillee RJ; Castle SM; Gorbatiy V; Salas N; Narayanan G; Morillo-Burgos G; Jorda M; Faraday MM

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - 1 Division of Endourology, Department of Urology, University of Miami , Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Abstract Background and Purpose: With the increased incidence of low-stage renal  cancers, thermal ablation technology has emerged as a viable treatment option for extirpation in selected persons and is supported by the current American Urological Association guidelines. We present a 9-year, single institution experience with radiofrequency ablation (RFA) using real-time peripheral temperature monitoring of small renal masses focusing on oncologic outcomes. Patients and Methods: We reviewed our prospectively collected database of patients with renal masses who were treated between November 2001 and January 2011 with laparoscopic (LRFA) or CT-guided percutaneous RFA (CTRFA) with simultaneous real-time peripheral fiberoptic thermometry. Patients were followed  radiographically at 1 month, 6 months, 1 year, and then annually. Clinicopathologic outcomes were collected and analyzed. Results: A total of 274 patients (211 male) aged 18 to 88 years (mean 67 years) with 292 renal tumors underwent LRFA (112) or CTRFA (180). Mean tumor size was 2.5 cm (0.7-5.3 cm). An  intraoperative preablation biopsy showed 197 (67.4%) renal-cell carcinomas (RCC), and 77 (26.4%) benign tumors. Mean follow-up was 26 months (1-98 mos). The single ablation treatment radiographic success rate was 96% for all tumors and 94% for RCC. Metastatic RCC developed in one patient, who died. The Kaplan-Meier (KM) 3-year and 5-year cancer-specific survival was 100% and 98.6%, respectively. The  KM 3-year and 5-year overall survival was 90.4% and 74.2%, respectively. Conclusion: RFA is a clinically effective and safe nephron-sparing treatment of patients with small renal masses. Our large cohort and intermediate-term experience adds to the building evidence for the efficacy of RFA for small renal  cancers.

 

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[686]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Effect of 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3 on streptozotocin-induced experimental type 2 diabetic rats: a urinary metabonomics study by rapid-resolution liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom. 2012 Dec 15;26(23):2683-9. doi: 10.1002/rcm.6392.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1002/rcm.6392

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Niu J; Pi ZF; Yue H; Yang H; Wang Y; Yu Q; Liu SY

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Changchun Center of Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry,  Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - RATIONALE: 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3 is an active component of Panax ginseng. It is known that 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3 has a protective effect against hyperglycemia, obesity and diabetes in vivo, but the precise mechanisms of these actions have not yet been entirely elucidated. METHODS: A urinary metabonomics method based on rapid-resolution liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (RRLC/MS) was developed  to investigate the effect of 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3 on type 2 diabetic rats. RESULTS: With multivariate statistical analysis, a clear separation between type  2 diabetic rats and those treated with 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3 was achieved. Six potential biomarkers were found and identified. CONCLUSIONS: This work shows that the mechanism of the effect of 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3 on type 2 diabetes may be involved with the regulation of nucleic acid metabolism, energy metabolism and gut flora metabolism.

 

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[687]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Defects in the DNA mismatch repair system do not contribute to the development of childhood Wilms tumors.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Pediatr Dev Pathol. 2012 Nov 8.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 2350/12-09-1249-OA.1

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Segers H; van den Heuvel-Eibrink MM; de Krijger RR; Pieters R; Wagner A; Dinjens WN

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - a Erasmus MC-Sophia Children’s Hospital, Pediatric Oncology.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Abstract Background Wilms tumor is the most common childhood renal malignancy. Most Wilms tumors occur sporadic, whereas a genetic predisposition is described in 9%-19% of the Wilms tumor patients. Beside constitutional aberrations, also somatic aberrations in multiple genetic loci such as WT1, WT2 or locus 11p15.5, CTNNB1, WTX, TP53, FBXW7 and MYCN have been linked to Wilms tumorigenesis. In sporadic Wilms tumors, however, the driving somatic genetic aberrations need to be further unraveled. Therefore, it is necessary to obtain more insight into other underlying mechanisms. Little is known about the role of defects in the DNA mismatch repair system in the etiology of Wilms tumors. Materials and methods To  detect mismatch repair deficiency in a full cohort of Wilms tumor patients, we combined immunohistochemistry for the expression of mismatch repair proteins and  microsatellite instability (MSI) analysis by a fluorescent multiplex PCR-based assay. Results Of the 121 Wilms tumor patients treated between 1987 and 2010 in our institution, 100 samples from 97 patients were available for analysis. Nuclear staining for MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 and PMS2 proteins was present in all 100 Wilms tumor samples. No pattern of MSI was found in any of the investigated 100 Wilms tumor samples. Conclusion The matching results of normal expression of the  mismatch repair proteins detected by immunohistochemistry and the absence of MSI  by DNA analysis in 100 Wilms tumor samples, lead us to conclude that defects in the DNA mismatch repair system do not play a significant role in the development  of Wilms tumors.

 

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[688]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Altered bone status in unilateral testicular cancer survivors: role of CYP2R1 and its LH-dependency.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Endocrinol Invest. 2012 Oct 9.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 3275/8650

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Foresta C; Selice R; De Toni L; Di Mambro A; Carraro U; Plebani M; Garolla A

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Molecular Medicine, Section of Clinical Pathology and Center for Human Reproduction Pathology, University of Padova, Italy.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Background: Recent data suggest a potential role of testis in vitamin D activation, where Leydig cells could represent key players in this process since  they express the highest amount of CYP2R1, a key enzyme involved in vitamin D 25- hydroxylation. Aim: To evaluate bone status in unilateral orchiectomy and to assess in vivo and in vitro LH6 dependency of Vitamin D 25- hydroxylation. Subjects and methods: 125 normotestosteronemic patients with testicular cancer, featured by unilateral orchiectomy and 41 age-matched healthy male controls were  studied in the Center for Human Reproduction Pathology at the University of Padova. To evaluate LH-dependency of Vitamin D 25- hydroxylation in vitro, Leydig cell cultures were stimulated with hCG and assessed for CYP2R1 expression, whereas in vivo 10 hypogonadotropic hypogonadal (HH) patients were evaluated before and after treatment with gonadotropins for bone metabolism markers. Hormonal pattern and bone metabolism markers were measured in all subjects, whereas 105 patients and 41 controls underwent bone densitometry by DEXA. Results: In TC patients 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were significantly lower compared to controls. Furthermore 23.8% of patients with TC displayed low bone density (Z-score < -2 SD). None of the 41 control subjects showed any significant alteration of BMD. In vitro and in vivo studies revealed that CYP2R1 expression in Leydig cells appeared to be hCG dependent. Conclusion: Our data show an association between TC and alteration of the bone status, despite unvaried androgen and estrogen levels, suggesting the evaluation of bone status and possible vitamin D deficiency in TC survivors.

 

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[689]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of prostate 4 and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin expression in visceral adipose tissue is related  to iron status and inflammation in human obesity.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Eur J Nutr. 2012 Nov 22.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s00394-012-0464-8

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Catalan V; Gomez-Ambrosi J; Rodriguez A; Ramirez B; Rotellar F; Valenti V; Silva C; Gil MJ; Salvador J; Fruhbeck G

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, España, vcatalan@unav.es.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: Six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of prostate (STEAP)-4 and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) are novel adipokines related to iron homeostasis with potential roles in insulin resistance and inflammation. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the effect of obesity and iron status on  gene expression levels of STEAP-4 and NGAL in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and its implication in inflammation. METHODS: VAT biopsies obtained from 53 subjects  were used in the study. Real-time PCR and Western-blot were performed to quantify the levels of STEAP4 and NGAL in VAT as well as the association with other genes  implicated in inflammatory pathways. Circulating ferritin and free iron concentrations were also determined. RESULTS: Obese patients exhibited significantly increased STEAP4 and NGAL mRNA expression levels (P < 0.001) compared to lean subjects. Protein expression levels of NGAL (P < 0.05) and STEAP4 were also higher in the visceral fat depot of obese patients, although protein levels of STEAP4 did not reach statistical significance. A negative correlation (P < 0.05) between free iron concentrations and gene expression levels of both STEAP4 and NGAL was found, while circulating ferritin concentrations were positively correlated (P < 0.05) with NGAL mRNA after body fat (BF) adjustment. Furthermore, a significant positive association between STEAP4 and NGAL gene expression levels with inflammatory markers was also detected (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: These findings represent the first observation that STEAP4 and NGAL mRNA and protein levels in human VAT are related to iron status. Moreover, STEAP4 and NGAL are associated with pro-inflammatory markers suggesting their potential involvement in the low-grade chronic inflammation accompanying obesity.

 

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[690]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - The impact of body mass index on surgical outcomes of robotic partial nephrectomy.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - BJU Int. 2012 Dec;110(11 Pt C):E997-E1002. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11318.x. Epub 2012 Oct 29.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11318.x

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Isac WE; Autorino R; Hillyer SP; Hernandez AV; Stein RJ; Kaouk JH

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinical Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Study Type—Therapy (case series) Level of Evidence 4. “What’s known on the subject?” and “What does the study add?” Obesity is associated with higher incidence of renal cell carcinoma. Laparoscopic and robotic partial nephrectomy (RPN) was shown to be technically feasible in the obese population. In the present study we evaluated the impact of obesity on outcome of RPN, in a large cohort of patients. In the present study, obese patients had a higher American Society of Anesthesiologists score and larger tumour size. We evaluated obesity as a categorical and a continuous variable, and we adjusted for confounding factors. We categorized obesity based according to the WHO classification of obesity. We described our technical modifications to overcome difficulties that can be encountered during the surgery. Obese patients had a higher estimated blood loss, but no difference in blood transfusion rate, operation duration or warm ischaemia time. OBJECTIVE: * To assess the impact of body mass index (BMI) on the surgical outcomes of robotic partial nephrectomy (RPN). PATIENTS AND METHODS: * Medical charts of 250 consecutive patients who underwent RPN at our institution between 2006 and 2010 were reviewed. * Patients were categorized based on their BMI into four groups per international classification of obesity into: normal (BMI < 25 kg/m(2)), overweight (25-29.9), obese (30-39.9) and morbidly obese (>/= 40). * Preoperative characteristics as well as perioperative  and postoperative outcomes were analysed and compared between the groups. RESULTS: * Of the 250 patients, 43 (17.2% of the entire cohort) were non-obese, 104 (41.6%) were overweight, 75 (30%) were obese, and 28 (11.2%) were morbidly obese. * Groups were similar in terms of age, gender, history of previous surgery and nephrometry score (P = 0.5). * Patients with higher BMI had a higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score (median 3 for obese and morbidly obese groups vs 2 for non-obese groups; P = 0.002) and tumour size (median 3.6, 2.9, 2.5 and 2.3 cm in those who were morbidly obese, obese, overweight and with normal BMI, respectively; P = 0.005). * Patients within the morbidly obese group  had a higher estimated blood loss (median 250 mL) than other groups (median: 200, 200, 150 mL, respectively) (P = 0.03). * No significant difference was detected between the groups in terms of operation duration, warm ischaemia time, transfusion rate and postoperative complications. CONCLUSION: * Robotic partial nephrectomy represents an effective treatment modality for renal tumours providing equivalent surgical outcomes even for patients with BMI up to 60 kg/m(2).

 

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[691]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Dysregulation of mammalian target of rapamycin pathway in plasmacytoid variant of urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Hum Pathol. 2013 Apr;44(4):612-22. doi: 10.1016/j.humpath.2012.07.009. Epub 2012  Oct 17.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.humpath.2012.07.009

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Gonzalez-Roibon ND; Chaux A; Al-Hussain T; Osunkoya AO; Bezerra SM; Hicks J; Epstein JI; Netto GJ

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore,  MD 21231, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Plasmacytoid urothelial carcinoma is a rare but aggressive variant of bladder cancer with no clear therapeutic guidelines. Dysregulation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway has been linked to oncogenesis in conventional bladder cancer. Several antineoplastic agents targeting mTOR pathway are currently available. This study assesses mTOR pathway status as well as c-myc and p27 expression. We retrieved 19 archival cases of plasmacytoid urothelial carcinoma from two institutions. Whole tissue sections were evaluated for immunoexpression of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), phosphorylated mTOR, phosphorylated protein kinase B (AKT), phosphorylated S6, c-myc, and p27. We evaluated intensity (0 to 3+) and extent (0%-100%) of expression for all markers. An H score was calculated as the sum of products of intensity and extent for each marker and used during analysis. In addition, PTEN loss was defined as absence of expression in >10% of tumor cells. We encountered PTEN loss in 28%. Higher H score for nuclear phosphorylated AKT and a lower H score for phosphorylated S6 was encountered in muscle invasive tumors compared to non-muscle invasive tumors  (P = .007 and P = .009, respectively). Although a trend for negative prognostic impact on overall survival for higher phosphorylated mTOR expression was noted (P = .051), markers expression levels failed to predict survival in our cohort. We found dysregulation of mTOR pathway members in urinary bladder plasmacytoid urothelial carcinoma, suggesting that the use of mTOR pathway inhibitors might be beneficial for patients with this aggressive tumor.

 

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[692]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Histologic findings on prostate needle core biopsies following cryotherapy as monotherapy for prostatic adenocarcinoma.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Hum Pathol. 2012 Nov 14. pii: S0046-8177(12)00313-9. doi: 10.1016/j.humpath.2012.08.012.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.humpath.2012.08.012

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Gooden C; Nieh PT; Osunkoya AO

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322,  USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - The histologic features seen in the prostate following cryotherapy can be highly  variable. However, most previous studies were performed on specimens following salvage cryotherapy, which introduces additional confounding variables of the histologic changes after the other primary treatment modalities. We examined prostate needle core biopsies from a cohort of patients following cryotherapy as  monotherapy for prostatic adenocarcinoma, to evaluate the true spectrum of morphologic changes in the prostate. Cases that had prior radiation therapy or androgen-deprivation therapy were excluded from the study. Thirty cases were identified. The average patient age was 69 years (range, 51-81 years), and the average time interval between cryotherapy and repeat biopsy was 19.2 months (range, 2-60 months). The original Gleason scores were as follows: 3 + 3 = 6 in 14 (46%) of 30 cases, 3 + 4 = 7 in 8 (27%) of 30 cases, 4 + 3 = 7 in 2 (7%) of 30 cases, 4 + 4 = 8 in 3 (10%) of 30 cases, 4 + 5 = 9 in 2 (7%) of 30 cases, and 5 + 4 = 9 in 1 (3%) of 30 cases. Postcryotherapy, 11 of 30 cases (37%) had recurrent/residual prostatic adenocarcinoma, which showed no therapy-related changes, similar to the residual benign glands. Gleason scores were higher in 5 (46%) of 11 cases, same in 4 (36%) of 11 cases, and lower in 2 (18%) of 11 cases. Multiple additional histologic findings were documented. Unlike other nonsurgical therapeutic modalities, cases with recurrent/residual prostatic adenocarcinoma and benign glands showed therapy-related changes predominantly involving the stroma. It is therefore conceivable that benign or malignant prostatic glands are either completely destroyed during cryotherapy or left unaltered if not in the direct field of cryoablation.

 

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[693]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Preoperatively evaluating the correlation between pathological grades and blood oxygenation level-dependent MRI in clear cell renal cell carcinomas.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Acad Radiol. 2013 Feb;20(2):224-30. doi: 10.1016/j.acra.2012.09.015. Epub 2012 Oct 25.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.acra.2012.09.015

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Chen J; Ding J; Wu C; Xing W; Jiang J; Chen T; Sun J; Hu J

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Radiology, Affiliated Third Hospital of Suzhou University, 185 JuQian Road, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, China.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: To assess whether r(2)* values can be used to determine the nuclear grade of clear cell renal cell carcinomas (CRCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 26 patients with pathologically proven CRCCs underwent blood  oxygen level-dependent magnetic resonance imaging. r(2)* values were determined for the solid components of CRCC lesions. Histological nuclear grade was determined for each lesion. All patients were divided into low- and high-grade groups. r(2)* values were compared between different grades and between low- and  high- grade groups. Receiver operating characteristic curve was drawn to establish the cutoff point for r(2)* values. The correlation between r(2)* values and pathological groups was assessed. RESULTS: Low-grade group (grades I + II) contained 17 cases and high-grade group (grades III + IV) contained nine cases. The intraclass correlation coefficient for r(2)* values was 0.89. Significant difference was seen between different grades (P < .005). r(2)* values of the high-grade group were higher than the low-grade group (P < .005). A sensitivity of 78% and a specificity of 100% were achieved with a cutoff of 31.87 seconds(-1). r(2)* values directly correlated with pathological groups (P < .005). CONCLUSION: r(2)* values of CRCCs could be employed as a noninvasive biomarker to help classify the nuclear grade of CRCC.

 

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[694]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Small renal oncocytomas: is segmental enhancement inversion a characteristic finding at biphasic MDCT?

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2012 Dec;199(6):1312-5. doi: 10.2214/AJR.12.8616.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 2214/AJR.12.8616

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - O’Malley ME; Tran P; Hanbidge A; Rogalla P

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Princess Margaret Hospital, 3-920, 610 University Ave, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to retrospectively determine whether segmental enhancement inversion was a common and characteristic finding in small  (</= 4 cm) renal oncocytomas on biphasic contrast-enhanced CT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective case-control study included 16 patients with 16 renal oncocytomas and 15 control patients with 15 renal cell carcinomas (RCCs), matched for age and sex, who underwent biphasic contrast-enhanced MDCT at our institution. Three reviewers independently analyzed each tumor for enhancement patterns on MDCT, including the presence or absence of segmental enhancement inversion, homogeneity, and phase of peak enhancement. RESULTS: The mean and median sizes of the oncocytomas were 2.5 and 2.4 cm, respectively (range, 1.1-3.9 cm), and the mean and median sizes of the RCCs were both 2.6 cm (range, 1.4-3.9 cm). There was no significant difference in the size of the renal masses between  the two groups (p = 0.50). For two reviewers, segmental enhancement inversion was not present in any of the renal masses; for one reviewer, segmental enhancement inversion was present in one oncocytoma (6%) and one RCC (7%). For all reviewers, there was no feature or enhancement pattern that was statistically significantly  associated with renal oncocytoma or RCC (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Segmental enhancement inversion was not a common or characteristic CT finding for renal oncocytoma and was not helpful in differentiating small renal oncocytomas from RCC.

 

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[695]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Prognostic value of perinodal lymphovascular invasion following radical cystectomy for lymph node-positive urothelial carcinoma.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Eur Urol. 2013 Apr;63(4):739-44. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2012.09.053. Epub 2012 Sep 28.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.eururo.2012.09.053

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Fritsche HM; May M; Denzinger S; Otto W; Siegert S; Giedl C; Giedl J; Eder F; Agaimy A; Novotny V; Wirth M; Stief C; Brookman-May S; Hofstadter F; Gierth M; Aziz A; Kocot A; Riedmiller H; Bastian PJ; Toma M; Wieland WF; Hartmann A; Burger M

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Caritas-St. Josef Medical Centre, University of Regensburg, Germany.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Metastasis of urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB) into regional lymph nodes (LNs) is a key prognosticator for cancer-specific survival (CSS) after radical cystectomy (RC). Perinodal lymphovascular invasion (pnLVI) has not  yet been defined. OBJECTIVE: To assess the prognostic value of histopathologic prognostic factors, especially pnLVI, on survival. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: A total of 598 patients were included in a prospective multicentre  study after RC for UCB without distant metastasis and neoadjuvant and/or adjuvant chemotherapy. En bloc resection and histopathologic evaluation of regional LNs were performed based on a prospective protocol. The final study group comprised 158 patients with positive LNs (26.4%). INTERVENTION: Histopathologic analysis was performed based on prospectively defined morphologic criteria of LN metastases. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression models determined prognostic impact of clinical and histopathologic variables (age, gender, tumour stage, surgical margin status, pN, diameter of LN metastasis, LN density [LND], extranodal extension [ENE], pnLVI) on CSS. The median follow-up was 20 mo (interquartile range: 11-38). RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: Thirty-one percent of patients were staged pN1, and 69%  were staged pN2/3. ENE and pnLVI was present in 52% and 39%, respectively. CSS rates after 1 yr, 3 yr, and 5 yr were 77%, 44%, and 27%, respectively. Five-year  CSS rates in patients with and without pnLVI were 16% and 34% (p<0.001), respectively. PN stage, maximum diameter of LN metastasis, LND, and ENE had no independent influence on CSS. In the multivariable Cox model, the only parameters that were significant for CSS were pnLVI (hazard ratio: 2.47; p=0.003) and pT stage. However, pnLVI demonstrated only a minimal gain in predictive accuracy (0.1%; p=0.856), and the incremental accuracy of prediction is of uncertain clinical value. CONCLUSIONS: We present the first explorative study on the prognostic impact of pnLVI. In contrast to other parameters that show the extent  of LN metastasis, pnLVI is an independent prognosticator for CSS.

 

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[696]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - The oncologic impact of a delay between diagnosis and radical nephroureterectomy  due to diagnostic ureteroscopy in upper urinary tract urothelial carcinomas: results from a large collaborative database.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - World J Urol. 2013 Feb;31(1):69-76. doi: 10.1007/s00345-012-0959-1. Epub 2012 Oct 16.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s00345-012-0959-1

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Nison L; Roupret M; Bozzini G; Ouzzane A; Audenet F; Pignot G; Ruffion A; Cornu JN; Hurel S; Valeri A; Roumiguie M; Polguer T; Hoarau N; Merigot de Treigny O; Xylinas E; Matte A; Droupy S; Fais PO; Descazeaud A; Colin P

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Hopital Claude Huriez, CHRU Lille, Rue Michel Polonovski,  59037, Lille, France. laurent_nison@msn.com

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - OBJECTIVES: According to the current upper urinary tract urothelial carcinomas (UTUC) guidelines, ureteroscopic evaluation (URS) is recommended to improve diagnostic accuracy and obtain a grade (by biopsy or cytology). However, URS may  delay radical surgery [e.g., nephroureterectomy (RNU)]. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of URS implementation before RNU on patient survival. METHODS: A French multicentre retrospective study including 512 patients with nonmetastatic UTUC was conducted between 1995 and 2011. Achievement of ureteroscopy (URS), treatment time (time between imaging diagnosis and RNU), tumour location, pT-pN stage, grade, lymphovascular invasion (LVI) and the presence of invaded surgical margins (R+) were evaluated as prognostic factors for survival using univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. Cancer-specific survival (CSS), recurrence-free survival (RFS) and metastasis-free survival (MFS) were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: A total of 170 patients underwent ureteroscopy prior to RNU (URS+ group), and 342 did not undergo URS (URS-). The median treatment time was significantly longer in the URS+ group (79.5 vs. 44.5 days, p = 0.04). Ureteroscopic evaluation was correlated with ureteral location and lower stage and tumour grade (p = 0.022, 0.005, 0.03, respectively). Tumour stage, LVI+ and R+ status were independently associated with CSS (p = 0.024, 0.049 and 0.006, respectively). The 5-year CSS, RFS and MFS did not differ between the two groups  (p = 0.23, 0.89 and 0.35, respectively). These results were confirmed for muscle-invasive (MI) UTUC (p = 0.21, 0.44 and 0.67 for CSS, RFS and MFS, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Despite the increased time to radical surgery, diagnostic ureteroscopy can be systematically performed for the appraisal of UTUC to refine the therapeutic strategy without significantly affecting oncological outcomes, even for MI lesions.

 

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[697]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Correcting overall survival for the impact of crossover via a rank-preserving structural failure time (RPSFT) model in the RECORD-1 trial of everolimus in metastatic renal-cell carcinoma.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Biopharm Stat. 2012;22(6):1258-71. doi: 10.1080/10543406.2011.592233.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1080/10543406.2011.592233

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Korhonen P; Zuber E; Branson M; Hollaender N; Yateman N; Katiskalahti T; Lebwohl D; Haas T

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - StatFinn Oy, Espoo, Finland. pasi.korhonen@statfinn.fi

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Clinical trials in oncology often allow patients randomized to placebo to cross over to the active treatment arm after disease progression, leading to underestimation of the treatment effect on overall survival as per the intention-to-treat analysis. We illustrate the statistical aspects and practical  use of the rank-preserving structural failure time (RPSFT) model with the Fleming-Harrington family of tests to estimate the crossover-corrected treatment  effect, and to assess its sensitivity to various weighting schemes in the RECORD-1 trial. The results suggest that the benefit demonstrated in progression-free survival is likely to translate into a robust overall survival benefit.

 

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[698]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Pelvic Wilms tumor in a child with an absent right kidney and spinal malformations.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Pediatr Surg. 2012 Oct;47(10):e11-4. doi: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2012.05.025.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.jpedsurg.2012.05.025

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Li K; Xiao X; Gao J; Yao W; Chen H; Zhang B

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China. likai2727@163.com

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Wilms tumor rarely occurs in other sites outside the kidney. Various congenital malformations often accompany Wilms tumor, but spinal deformations are rarely seen. We report a very rare association of multiple spinal malformations, right kidney absence, and pelvic Wilms tumor in a 21-month-old girl. The report includes a brief review of relevant literature.

 

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[699]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Histological chronic prostatitis and high-grade prostate intra-epithelial neoplasia do not influence urinary prostate cancer gene 3 score.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - BJU Int. 2012 Dec;110(11 Pt B):E778-82. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11645.x. Epub 2012 Nov 1.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11645.x

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - De Luca S; Passera R; Milillo A; Coda R; Randone DF

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Division of Urology, Gradenigo Hospital, Italy.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Study Type - Diagnostic (case series) Level of Evidence 4 What’s known on the subject? and What does the study add? While the relationship between PCA3 score and clinical or histological prostatitis was quite proven even in small patient groups, conversely the relationship between PCA3 score and HG-PIN is still under  debate. We demonstrated in a large series (432 patients) that histologically documented chronic prostatitis and HG-PIN have similar PCA3 scores to patients with BPH and/or normal parenchyma at biopsy. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether histological chronic prostatitis and high-grade prostate intra-epithelial neoplasia (HG-PIN) influence the prostate cancer gene 3 (PCA3) score in Italian patients with an elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level and a negative digital rectal examination (DRE) who were undergoing a first or repeat prostate biopsy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A urinary PCA3 test was prospectively performed in  432 consecutive patients who were admitted to Gradenigo Hospital (Turin, Italy) between January and December 2011 and scheduled for first or repeat prostate biopsy as a result of an elevated PSA level and negative DRE. A comparison of the PCA3 score and patients with a negative biopsy (normal parenchyma, benign prostatic hyperplasia, chronic prostatitis, HG-PIN) or positive biopsy was performed. RESULTS: PCA3 median (range) scores varied significantly (P < 0.001) in men with a negative vs positive biopsy: 33 (2-212) and 66 (5-324), respectively. By contrast, men with chronic prostatitis and HG-PIN showed no significant difference with respect to PCA3 score compared to other negative biopsy patients. No correlation was found between the number of positive cores for chronic prostatitis, HG-PIN and PCA3 score. Of all patients with a positive biopsy, 23 (20%) of 114 men had a PCA3 score </=35. In total, 79 (40%) of 197 men with a negative biopsy (normal parenchyma and benign prostatic hyperplasia), 24 (37.5%) of 64 men with chronic prostatitis and 19 (39.6%) of 48 men with HG-PIN had a PCA3 score >35. CONCLUSION: At this early stage of clinical evaluation, cancer specificity of the urinary PCA3 test appears to be maintained in the face  of chronic prostatitis and HG-PIN.

 

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[700]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Analysis of urological procedures in men who died from prostate cancer using a population-based approach.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - BJU Int. 2013 Mar;111(3 Pt B):E65-70. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11517.x. Epub 2012 Nov 6.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11517.x

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Babaian K; Truong M; Cetnar J; Cross DS; Shi F; Ritter MA; Jarrard DF

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI Center for Human Genetics, Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation, Marshfield, WIDepartments of Medicine Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - What’s known on the subject? and What does the study add? Very few studies have examined end-of-life urological studies in men with prostate cancer. These studies reported fewer procedures in men who received primary therapy for prostate cancer. However, these studies were typically single institution or had  a short follow-up period. The present study is the first population-based study examining end-of-life urological procedures and uses a geographic region encompassing 385 000 patients. Furthermore, this study incorporates both hospital- and office-based procedures. This approach has not been previously undertaken. OBJECTIVE: * To determine using a population-based approach whether men with end-stage prostate cancer who had definitive primary therapy might require fewer urological interventions. Repeated urological procedures can impact health-related quality of life in patients dying from prostate cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: * Using the Marshfield Epidemiological Study Area (MESA) database and tumour registry, we compared end-of-life interventions in men who died from prostate cancer between 1991 and 2009. * Patient charts were queried for urological procedures using International Classification of Disease Modification, 9th edition (ICD9) codes for 3 years before death. * Clinicopathological information was examined including whether the patient had a history of primary therapy (radiation or radical prostatectomy). RESULTS: * Among 280 patients dying from prostate cancer, 52 (19%) required 153 urological procedures during the last 3 years of life. The frequency of procedures increased closer to death. The most  common procedures involved nephrostomy tube (56%), Foley catheter (24%) and transurethral resection of the prostate (10%). * Clinicopathological features did not predict the need for an end-of-life urological procedure. * There was no difference in the frequency of upper or lower tract procedures in surgery or radiation patients compared with patients without primary therapy (P= 0.556 and P= 0.508). * Using a Kaplan-Meier analysis, there were no differences between groups in the proportion of patients not requiring a procedure (n= 280; P= 0.179). CONCLUSIONS: * This is the first population-based study to examine the frequency of urological procedures in patients with end-stage prostate cancer. *  A minority of patients (19%) required urological procedures during the final 3 years of life. * A history of surgery or radiation did not influence the overall  risk for urological intervention.

 

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[701]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Acquisition of paclitaxel resistance is associated with a more aggressive and invasive phenotype in prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Cell Biochem. 2012 Nov 28. doi: 10.1002/jcb.24464.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1002/jcb.24464

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Kim JJ; Yin B; Christudass CS; Terada N; Rajagopalan K; Fabry B; Lee DY; Shiraishi T; Getzenberg RH; Veltri RW; An SS; Mooney SM

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Department of Urology, Baltimore, MD 21287; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Drug resistance is a major limitation to the successful treatment of advanced prostate cancer (PCa). Patients who have metastatic, castration-resistant PCa (mCRPC) are treated with chemotherapeutics. However, these standard therapy modalities culminate in the development of resistance. We established paclitaxel  resistance in a classic, androgen-insensitive mCRPC cell line (DU145) and, using  a suite of molecular and biophysical methods, characterized the structural and functional changes in vitro and in vivo that are associated with the development  of drug resistance. After acquiring paclitaxel-resistance, cells exhibited an abnormal nuclear morphology with extensive chromosomal content, an increase in stiffness, and faster cytoskeletal remodeling dynamics. Compared with the parental DU145, paclitaxel-resistant (DU145-TxR) cells became highly invasive and motile in vitro, exercised greater cell traction forces, and formed larger and rapidly-growing tumours in mouse xenografts. Furthermore, DU145-TxR cells showed  a discrete loss of keratins but a distinct gain of ZEB1, Vimentin and Snail, suggesting an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. These findings demonstrate, for the first time, that paclitaxel resistance in PCa is associated with a trans-differentiation of epithelial cell machinery that enables more aggressive and invasive phenotype and portend new strategies for developing novel biomarkers and effective treatment modalities for PCa patients. J. Cell. Biochem. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

 

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[702]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Influence of achieved paternity on quality of life in testicular cancer survivors.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - BJU Int. 2013 Apr;111(4 Pt B):E207-12. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11579.x. Epub 2012 Oct 29.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11579.x

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Stoehr B; Schachtner L; Pichler R; Holzner B; Giesinger J; Oberguggenberger A; Leonhartsberger N; Horninger W; Steiner H

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria Ingolstadt Urological Clinic, Ingolstadt, Germany Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - What’s known on the subject? and What does the study add? It is known that testicular cancer, as with any malignancy, influences many different aspects of quality of life and that surgical treatment and chemotherapy negatively influence male fertility. The study shows the importance of achieved paternity in those testicular cancer survivors with a declared wish to father a child. The study used a QoL questionnaire EORTC QLQ-TC 26 to supplement the existing QoL questionnaire QLQ-C30 of the European Organisation for the Research and Treatment of Cancer in patients with cancer. OBJECTIVE: * To investigate the influence of achieved/non-achieved paternity on quality of life (QoL) in testicular cancer (TC) survivors. PATIENTS AND METHODS: * We invited TC survivors treated at our department between 1989 and 2006 to complete a QoL assessment, including the European Organisation for the Research and Treatment of Cancer QoL questionnaire, EORTC QLQ-C30 (version 3.0©)/+ TC26, and follow-up questions. * A total of 311  TC survivors answered the questionnaire, of whom 207 patients who did not desire  paternity were excluded. The remaining 104 patients who stated a desire for paternity after TC treatment were further divided in group A (TC survivors who achieved paternity; n= 51) and group B (TC survivors who did not achieve paternity; n= 53). * The data obtained were statistically analysed. RESULTS: * Significant differences between groups regarding QoL were detected for social functioning (P= 0.002), emotional functioning (P= 0.001), general QoL (P= 0.018), fatigue (P= 0.025), pain (P= 0.01), sleeping problems (P= 0.024), treatment satisfaction (P= 0.039), financial aspects (P= 0.006), sexual problems (P= 0.017), body image problems (P< 0.001), dyspnoea (P= 0.005) and cognitive functioning (P= 0.019). * For all scales except ‘sexual enjoyment’, patients in group A were found to have a better long-term QoL than those in group B. CONCLUSIONS: * Whilst acknowledging the shortcomings in retrospective analyses, we believe our data clearly underline the important impact on QoL for TC survivors of achieved paternity. * Counselling patients early at diagnosis as well as using cryopreservation of semen in all potential patients before treatment (only excluding patients definitely claiming they do not wish to achieve paternity) should therefore be regarded as the standard of care.

 

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[703]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Bladder carcinoma in pregnancy: unusual cause for frequent urinary tract infection-case report.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2013 Apr;287(4):833-4. doi: 10.1007/s00404-012-2552-7. Epub  2012 Sep 29.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s00404-012-2552-7

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Muezzinoglu T; Inceboz U; Baytur Y; Nese N

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Celal Bayar University Medical Faculty, Manisa, Turkey, talhadr@yahoo.com.

 

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[704]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Defective DNA repair systems and the development of breast and prostate cancer (review).

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Int J Oncol. 2013 Jan;42(1):29-34. doi: 10.3892/ijo.2012.1696. Epub 2012 Nov 14.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 3892/ijo.2012.1696

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Kitagishi Y; Kobayashi M; Matsuda S

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Environmental Health Science, Nara Women’s University, Nara, Japan.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Genetic defects in DNA repair and DNA damage response genes often lead to an increase in cancer incidence. The role of defects is also associated with the modulation of hormone signaling pathways. A number of studies have suggested a role for estrogen in the regulation of DNA repair activity. Furthermore, mutations or epigenetic silencing in DNA repair genes have been associated with the sensitivity of cancers to hormonal therapy. The molecular basis for the progression of cancers from hormone-dependent to hormone-independent remains a critical issue in the management of these types of cancer. In the present review, we aimed to summarize the function of DNA repair molecules from the viewpoint of  carcinogenesis and hormone-related cell modulation, providing a comprehensive view of the molecular mechanisms by which hormones may exert their effects on the regulation of tumor progression.

 

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[705]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Diagnostic tests in urology: urine cytology.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - BJU Int. 2012 Dec;110(11 Pt C):E789-91. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11448.x. Epub 2012 Oct 26.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11448.x

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Lavallee LT; Fergusson D; Dahm P; Scales CD Jr; Witiuk K; Breau RH

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - What’s known on the subject? and What does the study add? Urine cytology is frequently used by urologists to evaluate patients with microscopic or gross haematuria. The results of urine cytology can be used as impetus to perform or triage further diagnostic studies, e.g. cystoscopy. The impact of urine cytology  results on patient care warrants clarifying. This evidence-based medicine article explores how positive or negative urine cytology will impact the probability that a patient has urothelial carcinoma of the bladder before cystoscopy.

 

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[706]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - The TGF-beta co-receptor endoglin regulates macrophage infiltration and cytokine  production in the irradiated mouse kidney.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Radiother Oncol. 2012 Dec;105(3):313-20. doi: 10.1016/j.radonc.2012.08.021. Epub  2012 Sep 27.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.radonc.2012.08.021

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Scharpfenecker M; Floot B; Russell NS; Stewart FA

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Division of Biological Stress Response, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. m.scharpfenecker@nki.nl

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: We previously showed that mice with reduced levels of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) co-receptor endoglin (Eng(+/-) mice) develop less fibrosis and vascular damage after kidney irradiation than their wild type (Eng(+/+) mice) littermates; however, the underlying mechanism was unclear. Results from current studies suggest that this occurs via modulation of  the radiation-induced inflammatory response. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Kidneys of Eng(+/+) and Eng(+/-) mice were irradiated with 16Gy. Mice were sacrificed at 20weeks after irradiation and gene expression and protein levels were analyzed. RESULTS: Kidney irradiation triggered the infiltration of macrophages in both Eng(+/+) and Eng(+/-) mice, however, levels of macrophage-produced cytokines interleukin 1 beta (Il1b) and interleukin 6 (Il6) were reduced in irradiated Eng(+/-) compared to Eng(+/+) mice. Double immuno-stainings confirmed that IL-6 was produced by macrophages, whereas IL-1beta was mainly detected in other cell types. Accordingly, inflammatory cell precursors derived from the bone marrow of  Eng(+/-) mice showed impaired ability to express Il1b and Il6 compared to wild type mice. CONCLUSIONS: Endoglin promotes kidney inflammation after irradiation by regulating macrophage infiltration and interleukin production, thereby promoting pathogenic changes after radiation exposure.

 

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[707]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - YB-1 suppression induces STAT3 proteolysis and sensitizes renal cancer to interferon-alpha.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2013 Mar;62(3):517-27. doi: 10.1007/s00262-012-1356-8. Epub 2012 Sep 30.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s00262-012-1356-8

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Takeuchi A; Shiota M; Tatsugami K; Yokomizo A; Kuroiwa K; Dejima T; Tanaka S; Itsumi M; Eto M; Naito S

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan, atakeuchi@prostatecentre.com.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for 80-95 % of kidney tumors, and approximately 30 % of RCC patients have metastatic disease at diagnosis. Conventional chemotherapy is not effective in patients with metastatic RCC (MRCC); therefore, immunotherapy with interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) has been employed to improve survival. However, the response rate of MRCC to IFN-alpha therapy is low. We previously reported that a signal transducer and activator 3 (STAT3) polymorphism was a useful diagnostic marker to predict the response to IFN-alpha therapy in patients with MRCC. Therefore, we hypothesized the inhibition of STAT3 in the addition of IFN-alpha therapy might be useful. Moreover, the blockage of STAT3 itself has been reported to enhance the antitumor effects. However, because IFN-alpha is thought to elicit its therapeutic effect via enhancement of an antitumor immune response mediated by lymphocytes that can  be activated by IFN-alpha administrations, it is probable that the suppression of STAT3 in vivo relates to autoimmune disorders. In the present study, we found Y-box binding protein-1 (YB-1) was poorly expressed in T lymphocytes, as compared with cancer tissues. YB-1 was reported to have an important effect on the STAT3 pathway. Suppression of STAT3 by YB-1 inhibition did not seem to enhance the potential risk for autoimmune disorders. Moreover, we found sensitivity to IFN-alpha was increased by YB-1 suppression, and this suppression did not down-regulate IFN-alpha activation of T lymphocytes.

 

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[708]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - MRI-guided core biopsy of the prostate in the supine position-introduction of a simplified technique using large-bore magnet systems.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Eur Radiol. 2012 Nov 24.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s00330-012-2698-5

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Schwab SA; Kuefner MA; Adamietz B; Engelhard K; Keck B; Kunath F; Wach S; Wullich B; Uder M; Engehausen DG

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen-Nuremberg, Maximiliansplatz 1, 91054, Erlangen, Germany, Dr.Siegfried.Schwab@gmx.net.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - OBJECTIVES: To introduce a simplified technique for MRI-guided core biopsies (MRGB) of the prostate in the supine position using large-bore magnet systems. METHODS: Fifty men with a history of negative transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsies underwent MRGB in either a 1.5-T (13/50) or 3.0-T (37/50) wide-bore MRI  unit. MRGBs were conducted with the patients in a supine position using a dedicated MR-compatible biopsy device. RESULTS: We developed a dedicated positioning device for the supine position. Using this device, the biopsies were  performed successfully in all patients. Apart from minor rectal bleeding, only one patient developed a major side effect (urosepsis). Histology revealed prostate cancer in 25/50 (50 %) patients. CONCLUSIONS: The new technique appears  feasible. Its major advantage is the more comfortable and patient-friendly supine position during the biopsy without the need to modify the MRI system’s patient table. KEY POINTS : * A novel positioning device for MRI-guided prostate biopsies has been developed. * Biopsies can be performed in the patient-friendly supine position. * The positioning device can be utilised without modifying the MRI’s patient table.

 

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[709]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Unexpected mucin-type O-glycosylation and host-specific N-glycosylation of human  recombinant interleukin-17A expressed in a human kidney cell line.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Protein Expr Purif. 2013 Jan;87(1):27-34. doi: 10.1016/j.pep.2012.09.013. Epub 2012 Oct 13.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.pep.2012.09.013

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Geoghegan KF; Song X; Hoth LR; Feng X; Shanker S; Quazi A; Luxenberg DP; Wright JF; Griffor MC

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Pfizer Worldwide Research, Groton, CT 06340, USA. kieran.f.geoghegan@pfizer.com

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - The T helper cell-derived cytokine interleukin-17A (IL-17A) is a variably glycosylated disulfide-linked homodimer of 34-38 kDa. Its polypeptide monomer contains one canonical N-glycosylation site at Asn68, and human recombinant IL-17A was partly N-glycosylated when expressed in human kidney (HEK293) cells as a fusion protein with a melittin signal sequence and an N-terminal hexahistidine  tag. Orbitrap mass analyses of the tryptic N-glycopeptide 63-69 indicated that the N-glycosylation was of the GalNAc-terminated type characteristic of cultured  kidney cells. The mass spectrum of IL-17A monomer also included peaks shifted by  +948 Da from the respective masses of unglycosylated and N-glycosylated polypeptides. These were caused by unpredicted partial O-glycosylation of Thr26 with the mucin-like structure -GalNAc(-NeuNAc)-Gal-NeuNAc. Identical O-glycosylation occurred in commercially sourced recombinant IL-17A also expressed in HEK293 cells but with a different N-terminal sequence. Therefore, the kidney host cell line not only imposed its characteristic pattern of N-glycosylation on recombinant IL-17A but additionally created an O-glycosylation not known to be present in the T cell-derived cytokine. Mammalian host cell lines for recombinant protein expression generally impose their characteristic patterns of N-glycosylation on the product, but this work exemplifies how a host may also  unpredictably O-glycosylate a protein that is probably not normally O-glycosylated.

 

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[710]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Spontaneous nonmetastatic choriocarcinoma, yolk sac carcinoma, embryonal carcinoma, and teratoma in the testes of a swiss albino mouse.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Toxicol Pathol. 2013;41(3):532-6. doi: 10.1177/0192623312457602. Epub 2012 Oct 26.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1177/0192623312457602

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Jamadagni SB; Jamadagni PS; Lacy SH; Williams B; Upadhyay SN; Gaidhani SN; Hazra J

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - 1National Research Institute of Ayurvedic Drug Development, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - A 12-week-old Swiss Albino mouse was presented with unilateral (left) testicular  enlargement of approximately 1.5 cm in diameter and the right testicle mildly reduced in size and weight. Histopathology evaluation revealed three distinct neoplasms in the left testicle: choriocarcinoma, yolk sac carcinoma, and embryonal carcinoma. Teratoma was diagnosed in the right testicle. The histomorphological and immunohistochemical characteristics of the tumor are presented here. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of spontaneous nonmetastasizing choriocarcinoma, yolk sac carcinoma, embryonal carcinoma, and teratoma in testes of a Swiss albino mouse.

 

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[711]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Protective effect of 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy benzoic acid on testosterone induced benign prostatic hyperplasia in Wister rats.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Eur J Pharmacol. 2013 Jan 5;698(1-3):397-403. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.10.028.  Epub 2012 Oct 30.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.ejphar.2012.10.028

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Ali MI; Kondreddi HD; Veeresh B

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Pharmacology, G. Pulla Reddy College of Pharmacy, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500028, Andhra Pradesh, India.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Oxidative stress is one of the major causative factors for development of benign  prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effect of 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy benzoic acid (HMBA), a potential antioxidant on testosterone induced BPH in rats. Male Wistar rats were divided into five groups  (n=6), Group I—received saline, Group II—received testosterone (3mg/kg/s.c.), Group III-received testosterone+finasteride (5mg/kg/oral), Group IV and V received testosterone+HMBA (200 and 400 mug/kg/i.p.), respectively, for 21 days.  Animals were weighed before and after the study period. On 22nd day, animals were humanly killed by cervical dislocation. Prostates were excised and weighed, and used for biochemical and histological studies. As a result, testosterone treated  rats showed increased prostate weight; prostatic index accompanied with depleted  antioxidant enzymes levels, elevated lipid peroxides and total nitrite and associated histology disruption. HMBA treatment at 200 mug/kg/i.p. and 400 mug/kg/i.p. significantly restored (P<0.05) antioxidant enzyme levels, lipid peroxide and total nitrite when compared to disease control animals. It also ameliorated the testosterone induced histological changes. The present study suggests the protective role of HMBA on testosterone induced BPH by virtue of its antioxidant potential.

 

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[712]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Predictive ability of the 2002 and 2010 versions of the Tumour-Node-Metastasis classification system regarding metastasis-free, cancer-specific and overall survival in a European renal cell carcinoma single-centre series.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - BJU Int. 2013 Apr;111(4 Pt B):E191-5. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11584.x. Epub 2012 Oct 26.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11584.x

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Pichler M; Hutterer GC; Chromecki TF; Jesche J; Kampel-Kettner K; Groselj-Strele A; Pummer K; Zigeuner R

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine Department of Urology Research Facility for Biostatistics, Medical University of Graz (MUG), Graz, Austria.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - What’s known on the subject? and What does the study add? As different and heterogenous populations of patients with RCC can be found in different geographic regions, newly proposed cancer staging systems need an independent validation of their clinical usefulness and prognostic significance. Only a few published studies have compared the ‘old’ 2002 version of the TNM classification  system for RCC with the recent 2010 version, all of them using cancer-specific survival as their endpoint, and controversial results were reported regarding the potential superiority of the 2010 version over the 2002 version of this cancer staging system. The aim of the study was to validate and compare the predictive ability of the 2010 with the 2002 version of the TNM classification system regarding metastasis-free, overall and cancer-specific survival in a large central European cohort of patients with RCC. According to our data, the predictive ability of the 2010 version of the TNM classification system regarding the evaluated endpoints is not superior to the 2002 version. OBJECTIVE: * To compare the predictive ability of the Tumour-Node-Metastasis (TNM) classification systems for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) using three different endpoints: metastasis-free (MFS); overall (OS); and cancer-specific survival (CSS). PATIENTS AND METHODS: * Data from 2739 consecutive patients with RCC, who underwent surgery at a single academic centre, were evaluated using multivariate Cox proportional models, Harrell’s concordance ©-index and by applying decision curve analysis (DCA) with regard to MFS, OS and CSS. RESULTS: * According to TNM  2010, significant differences for MFS were observed for pT1a vs pT1b, pT1b vs pT2a, pT3a vs pT3b and pT3b vs pT3c stages, respectively (all P < 0.05). * With regard to OS, significant differences could be observed in pT1a vs pT1b and pT3a  vs pT3b stages, respectively (all P < 0.05). * The c-index for CSS, OS and MFS was slightly higher for the 2002 than for the 2010 version of the TNM classification system. * Non-inferiority of the 2002 TNM system is supported by the results of the DCA. CONCLUSION: * According to our data, the predictive ability of the 2010 version of the TNM classification system regarding three different clinical endpoints is not superior to the 2002 version of this staging  system.

 

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[713]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Cytologic diagnosis of thyroid-like follicular carcinoma of the kidney: A case report.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Diagn Cytopathol. 2012 Nov 16. doi: 10.1002/dc.22930.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1002/dc.22930

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Dhillon J; Mohanty SK; Krishnamurthy S

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Pathology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Florida. Jasreman.dhillon@moffitt.org.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Thyroid-like follicular carcinoma of the kidney (TLFCK) is a recently described subtype of renal-cell carcinoma that is not currently included in the World Health Organization classification. Few sporadic case reports and one series have been reported with emphasis on histopathologic features. However, cytological features have not been described in the literature to date. A 34-year-old male presented with a renal mass. An intraoperative smear preparation of the tumor revealed a hypercellular smear with cells arranged in sheets without any follicular, papillary, or acinar arrangement. The most striking feature was the presence of acellular eosinophilic material associated with the neoplastic epithelial cells in the background of the smear. Individual tumor cells were oval, round, and plasmacytoid with mild nuclear pleomorphism, finely stippled nuclear chromatin, and inconspicuous nucleoli with moderate amount of eosinophilic cytoplasm and rare nuclear grooves. It was unclear at the time of the intraoperative assessment of the smear if the acellular eosinophilic material represented metachromatic matrix-like extracellular material, mucin, colloid, amyloid, or hyaline material. The differential diagnoses included a primary renal-cell carcinoma versus a metastatic tumor. Subsequent histopathologic examination was diagnostic of a rare, recently described primary neoplasm of the  kidney called TLFCK. This work is a retrospective evaluation of the cytological features of TLFCK. It is important for cytopathologists to be aware of this entity and its cytological features to render a correct diagnosis for adequate management of these patients. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2012. Esta es una cita bibliográfica que va por delante de la publicación en papel. La fecha indicada en la cita provista, NO corresponde con la fecha o la cita bibliográfica de la publicación en papel. La cita bibliográfica definitiva (con el volumen y su paginación) saldrá en 1 ó 2 meses a partir de la fecha de la emisión electrónica-online. *** This is a bibliographic record ahead of the paper publication. The given date in the bibliographic record does not correspond to the date or the bibliographic citation on the paper publication. The publisher will provide the final bibliographic citation (with the volume, and pagination) within 1 or 2 months from the date the record was published online. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

 

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[714]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Oncologic outcomes obtained after laparoscopic, robotic and/or single port nephroureterectomy for upper urinary tract tumours.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - World J Urol. 2013 Feb;31(1):93-107. doi: 10.1007/s00345-012-0968-0. Epub 2012 Oct 25.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s00345-012-0968-0

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Ribal MJ; Huguet J; Alcaraz A

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Uro-Oncology Unit, Urology Department, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona,  Villarroel, 170, 08036, Barcelona, España. mjribal@clinic.ub.es

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - INTRODUCTION: Open surgery (ONU) is still considered to be the gold standard approach for nephroureterectomy (NU); however, with the introduction of laparoscopic surgery, minimally invasive techniques have been applied to surgical therapy of upper urinary tract tumours (UUT-UC) and they are gaining adepts. However, several concerns still exist about the safety of laparoscopic nephroureterectomy (LNU) in the treatment of UUT-UC, and different authors suggest that, although it could be equivalent to open surgery, this equivalence is not accomplished in all UUT-UC, suggesting that more advanced disease should undergo open surgery. More controversial still is the application of robotic surgery (RALNU) or really novel minimally invasive techniques, such as laparoendoscopic single-site surgery (LESSNU), for the treatment of UUT-UC. Although all these techniques seem feasible, their influence on oncologic results is still a matter of concern. METHODOLOGY: We present a review on the oncologic outcomes of minimally invasive laparoscopic techniques in the treatment of UUT-UC. We focus our analysis on oncologic outcomes and we also analyze the different techniques proposed for the treatment of the distal ureter during minimally invasive surgery for UUT-UC. In the absence of prospective randomized studies with large patient samples, we must base our conclusions on retrospective studies and longer follow-up. CONCLUSION: Given the evidence accumulated so far,  LNU has proven to be equivalent or non-inferior, in terms of recurrence-free survival (RFS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) to ONU. Nevertheless, comparative studies are needed with longer follow-up before determining the equivalence of LNU in advanced tumours.

 

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[715]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Robotic-assisted extralevator abdominoperineal resection in the lithotomy position: technique and early outcomes.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Am Surg. 2012 Oct;78(10):1033-7.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Kang CY; Carmichael JC; Friesen J; Stamos MJ; Mills S; Pigazzi A

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Surgery, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, California, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Extralevator abdominoperineal resection (E-APR) has been advocated as a superior  procedure to achieve negative circumferential resection margins (CRMs) for sphincter-invading rectal cancers. An open total mesorectal excision is performed followed by perineal dissection with resection of the levators in the prone position. We describe a novel minimally invasive robotic approach carried out in  the lithotomy position. Using the robotic arms to dissect the rectum and divide the levator fibers at their origin, the dissection is carried out in the ischiorectal space as distally as possible. From May to July 2011, six cases of robotic E-APR for rectal cancer were performed. The mean age was 54.5 years old.  Mean operating time was 335 minutes. Mean estimated blood loss was 250 mL. There  were no conversions to the open approach. A cylindrical specimen was obtained in  all patients without perforation. All CRMs were negative. Mean hospital stay was  5 days. Two patients developed perineal wound infections and one developed a small bowel obstruction postoperatively. Robotic-assisted E-APR performed in the  lithotomy position is safe and feasible. Future studies are needed to define the  benefits of this technique.

 

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[716]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Chronic caffeine intake increases androgenic stimuli, epithelial cell proliferation and hyperplasia in rat ventral prostate.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Int J Exp Pathol. 2012 Dec;93(6):429-37. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2613.2012.00843.x.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1111/j.1365-2613.2012.00843.x

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Sarobo C; Lacorte LM; Martins M; Rinaldi JC; Moroz A; Scarano WR; Delella FK; Felisbino SL

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Coffee intake has been associated with a low risk of developing cancer, including prostate cancer, which is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancer in men. However, few studies have evaluated the chronic effects of caffeine, which is the most abundant methylxanthine in coffee, on prostate morphology and physiology. In the present study, we investigated the effects of chronic, low-dose caffeine intake on rat prostate morphology from puberty to adulthood. Five-week-old male Wistar rats were randomized into two experimental groups: caffeine-treated (20 ppm in drinking water, n = 12) and control (n = 12). The ventral and dorsolateral prostates were dissected, weighted and submitted to morphological, morphometrical and immunohistochemical analysis of cellular proliferation, apoptosis and androgen receptor (AR) tissue expression. The testosterone (T) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) concentrations were measured in the plasma. Our results show that caffeine intake increased the concentrations of T and DHT, organ weight, epithelial cell proliferation and AR tissue expression in the ventral prostatic lobe. All the ventral prostates from the caffeine-treated animals presented various degrees of epithelial and stromal hyperplasia. Our results suggest that chronic caffeine intake from puberty increases androgenic signalling and cell proliferation in the rat prostate gland and can be related to the development of benign prostatic hyperplasia.

 

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[717]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - The association between chronic renal failure and renal cell carcinoma may differ between black and white Americans.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Cancer Causes Control. 2013 Jan;24(1):167-74. doi: 10.1007/s10552-012-0102-z. Epub 2012 Nov 21.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s10552-012-0102-z

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Hofmann JN; Schwartz K; Chow WH; Ruterbusch JJ; Shuch BM; Karami S; Rothman N; Wacholder S; Graubard BI; Colt JS; Purdue MP

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 6120 Executive Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20892-7240, USA. hofmannjn@mail.nih.gov

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: In the United States, renal cell carcinoma (RCC) incidence is higher among blacks than among whites. Risk of RCC is elevated among end-stage renal disease patients, although no studies have looked at differences by race in the relationship between chronic renal failure and RCC. METHODS: We investigated RCC  risk in relation to chronic renal failure in a population-based case-control study of blacks and whites in Chicago and Detroit. Data, including information on kidney disease, were collected from interviews with 1,217 RCC cases (361 blacks,  856 whites) and 1,235 controls (523 blacks, 712 whites). Odds ratios (OR) and 95  % confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using unconditional logistic regression. RESULTS: Risk of RCC was increased in relation to chronic renal failure (OR 4.7, 95 % CI 2.2-10.1) and dialysis (OR 18.0, 95 % CI 3.6-91). The association remained after defining exposure as those who had chronic renal failure >/=10 years prior to RCC diagnosis. Chronic renal failure was more strongly associated with RCC among blacks than among whites (OR 8.7, 95 % CI 3.3-22.9 and 2.0, 0.7-5.6, respectively; p (interaction) = 0.03) and among those  without a history of diabetes relative to diabetic subjects (OR 8.3, 95 % CI 3.1-22.7 and 1.9, 0.6-5.9, respectively; p (interaction) = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that chronic renal failure is a strong risk factor for RCC, particularly among black and non-diabetic subjects. Our findings of differences in risk estimates by race, to our knowledge the first such report, require replication.

 

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[718]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Effects of a murine germ cell-specific knockout of Connexin 43 on Connexin expression in testis and fertility.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Transgenic Res. 2012 Nov 28.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s11248-012-9668-1

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Gunther S; Fietz D; Weider K; Bergmann M; Brehm R

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Institute for Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Frankfurter Str. 98, 35392, Giessen, Germany.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Connexin 43 (Cx 43)-expressed by germ cells (GC), Sertoli cells (SC) and Leydig cells-is one of at least eleven Cx in the murine testis. A general knockout (KO)  of Cx 43 in mice results in perinatal death and a SC-specific KO of Cx 43 (SCCx43KO) causes infertility of male mice by preventing the initiation of spermatogenesis. To further elucidate the role of Cx 43 in the testis, a new mouse model with a GC-specific KO of Cx 43 (GCCx43KO) was created by using the Cre/loxP recombination system. A transgenic mouse line expressing the Cre gene under the tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase promoter and a transgenic floxed Cx 43-LacZ mouse line were mated. The resulting F1-generation was backcrossed with homozygous Cx 43 floxed mice, and offspring was genotyped. Immunohistochemical analysis of testes of different aged homozygous mice revealed normal spermatogenesis and reduced Cx 43 immunoreactions. RT-qPCR and Western blots showed a downregulation of Cx 43 mRNA and protein, and a nearly unchanged mRNA expression of Cx 26, Cx 33 and Cx 45 in pubertal and adult KO mice. Western  blots revealed considerable immunoreactive bands for Cx 26 and Cx 45. Male and female homozygous GCCx43KO mice were viable and fertile. Our data suggest, in contrast to inter SC and inter SC-GC cross talk in SCCx43KO mice which depends selectively on Cx 43 expression, that Cx 43 in GC seems not to be essential in GC-SC communication, when other Cx persist to be expressed.

 

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[719]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Commentary on: Radical prostatectomy versus observation for localized prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Urology. 2012 Dec;80(6):1181-2. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2012.07.055. Epub 2012 Oct 4.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.urology.2012.07.055

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Black P

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.

 

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[720]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Bladder/lung cancer mortality in Blackfoot-disease (BFD)-endemic area villages with low (<150 mug/L) well water arsenic levels—an exploration of the dose-response Poisson analysis.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2013 Feb;65(1):147-56. doi: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2012.10.012. Epub 2012 Nov 5.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.yrtph.2012.10.012

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Lamm SH; Robbins SA; Zhou C; Lu J; Chen R; Feinleib M

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - CEOH, LLC 3401 38th Street, NW #615 Washington, DC 20016, USA. Steve@CEOH.com

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - OBJECTIVE: To examine the analytic role of arsenic exposure on cancer mortality among the low-dose (well water arsenic level <150 mug/L) villages in the Blackfoot-disease (BFD) endemic area of southwest Taiwan and with respect to the  southwest regional data. METHOD: Poisson analyses of the bladder and lung cancer  deaths with respect to arsenic exposure (mug/kg/day) for the low-dose (<150 mug/L) villages with exposure defined by the village median, mean, or maximum and with or without regional data. RESULTS: Use of the village median well water arsenic level as the exposure metric introduced misclassification bias by including villages with levels >500 mug/L, but use of the village mean or the maximum did not. Poisson analyses using mean or maximum arsenic levels showed significant negative cancer slope factors for models of bladder cancers and of bladder and lung cancers combined. Inclusion of the southwest Taiwan regional data did not change the findings when the model contained an explanatory variable for non-arsenic differences. A positive slope could only be generated by including the comparison population as a separate data point with the assumption  of zero arsenic exposure from drinking water and eliminating the variable for non-arsenic risk factors. CONCLUSION: The cancer rates are higher among the low-dose (<150 mug/L) villages in the BFD area than in the southwest Taiwan region. However, among the low-dose villages in the BFD area, cancer risks suggest a negative association with well water arsenic levels. Positive differences from regional data seem attributable to non-arsenic ecological factors.

 

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[721]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Vasoactive intestinal peptide induces oxidative stress and suppresses metastatic  potential in human clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2013 Jan 30;365(2):212-22. doi: 10.1016/j.mce.2012.10.021. Epub 2012 Nov 1.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.mce.2012.10.021

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Vacas E; Bajo AM; Schally AV; Sanchez-Chapado M; Prieto JC; Carmena MJ

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Alcala, Alcala de Henares, España.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Molecular mechanisms involved in progression of clear-cell renal-cell carcinomas  (ccRCCs) are poorly understood. A common genetic mutation found in ccRCC is the loss of the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) gene, which contributes to cancer progression and metastasis. We investigated VIP effects on metastatic and angiogenic factors  in human VHL-null A498 ccRCC and HK2 renal cells. VIP increased adhesion but decreased expression of metalloproteinases, MMP2 and MMP9, as well as cell migration and VEGF expression and secretion in A498 but not in HK2 cells. VIP enhanced ROS levels and decreased nuclear levels of beta-catenin and NFkappaB p50-subunit in A498 cells, suggesting neuropeptide involvement in the observed decrease of metastatic ability in clear-cell carcinoma. VIP effects in A498 cells were blocked by the VPAC(1/2)-receptor antagonist JV-1-53. In conclusion, present data point to a role of VIP in preventing invasion and metastasis in ccRCCs and support its potential therapeutic usefulness in this disease.

 

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[722]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser Syndrome Accompanied by Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Case Report.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2012 Oct 4.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1097/MPH.0b013e3182707321

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Mermerkaya M; Burgu B; Hamidi N; Yuksel S; Ozcakar ZB; Sertcelik A; Yalcnkaya F; Soygur T

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Departments of *Urology daggerPathology double daggerPediatric Nephrology, University of Ankara, School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser anomaly originates from agenesis of the Mullerian  duct including agenesis of the uterus and the vagina because of abnormal development of the uterine ducts. This syndrome may be accompanied by the upper urinary tract anomalies such as unilateral renal agenesis, ectopia of 1 or both kidneys, renal hypoplasia, horseshoe kidney, and hydronephrosis. We report a 16-year-old girl, with unilateral renal agenesis, herniating ovary, and renal cell carcinoma in her solitary kidney, associated with Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome-the first case in the literature to our knowledge.

 

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[723]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Higher second fourth digit ratio predicts higher incidence of prostate cancer in  prostate biopsy.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Arch Esp Urol. 2012 Nov;65(9):816-21.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Garcia-Cruz E; Piqueras M; Huguet J; Ribal MJ; Vilaseca A; Gosalbez D; Castaneda-Argaiz R; Carrion A; Alcover J; Alcaraz A

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Red Española de Investigacion en Salud del Hombre, Urology Department, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, España. edu_garcia_cruz@yahoo.com

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - OBJECTIVES: To analyze the validity of the ratio between the second and fourth finger (digit ratio; 2D/4D) of the left hand as a predictor for prostate cancer (PCa) in a group of men undergoing prostate biopsy. METHODS: We prospectively recruited 204 consecutive patients referred for transrectal prostate biopsy due to PSA elevation or abnormal digital rectal examination between January 2008 and  June 2009. The same physician performed all clinical examinations, digit ratio measurements and transrectal biopsy in all cases. Digit ratio determination was done with a Vernier caliper in the left hand. Patients underwent determination of hormone profile (testosterone and sexual hormone binding globulin (SHBG)) between 7:00AM and 11:00AM. Age, digital rectal examination, PSA, free PSA, PSA density,  testosterone and SHBG, pathological report and D2 and D4 measurements were recorded prospectively. RESULTS: Variables age and SHBG were directly related to  PCa. Prostate volume was inversely related to neoplasia. 2D/4D ratio >0,95 (OR (CI 95%) 4,4 (1,491-13,107) was related to neoplasia. No differences in PCa were  seen regarding PSA, free PSA, PSA density, digital rectal examination and testosterone. CONCLUSION: High digit ratio predicts PCa in men undergoing prostate biopsy. Digit ratio >0,95 has 4-fold risk of PCa compared to men with digit ratio </=0.95.

 

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[724]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Thromboembolic events following surgery for prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Eur Urol. 2013 Feb;63(2):354-63. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2012.09.041. Epub 2012 Sep 24.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.eururo.2012.09.041

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Van Hemelrijck M; Garmo H; Holmberg L; Bill-Axelson A; Carlsson S; Akre O; Stattin P; Adolfsson J

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - King’s College London, School of Medicine, Division of Cancer Studies, Cancer Epidemiology Group, London, UK. mieke.vanhemelrijck@kcl.ac.uk

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Prostate cancer (PCa) and surgery are both associated with increased  risk of thromboembolic diseases (TED). OBJECTIVE: We assessed risk of TED among men undergoing different types of urologic surgery. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Using the Prostate Cancer Database Sweden (PCBaSe) Sweden, we identified all men (n=45 065) undergoing pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND), radical prostatectomy (RP) with or without PLND, orchiectomy due to PCa, or a transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). We identified a comparison cohort from the population. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Main outcomes were deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) as primary diagnoses in the National Patient Register or Cause of Death Register (2002-2010). We calculated hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) using multivariable Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: All surgical procedures were associated with increased risk of TED; laparoscopic and  open RP with a PLND were the most strongly associated with TED (HR for PE: 8.1 [95% CI, 2.9-23.0] and 7.8 [95% CI, 4.9-13], respectively). For surgery including a PLND, the risk increased during the second half of the first postoperative month. The HR for PE after TURP in men with PCa was 3.0 (95% CI, 1.8-5.1). Patients with a history of TED had a strongly increased risk of TED (HR for DVT:  4.5; 95% CI, 2.6-8.0). A limitation is lack of information on TED prophylaxis, but its use was standardized during the study period for RP and PLND. Other limitations are lack of information on extent of PLND and lifestyle factors. CONCLUSIONS: Surgeries for PCa, including TURP, are associated with hospitalization for TED. Patients with a history of TED and patients undergoing a PLND were at highest risk. The largest risk was observed from days 14 to 28 postoperatively. Thus, our results suggest that prophylactic measures may be beneficial during the first 4 wk in these patients.

 

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[725]

- CASTELLANO -

TÍTULO / TITLE:Fitoterapia en Urologia. Evidencia cientifica actual de su aplicacion en hiperplasia benigna de prostata y adenocarcinoma de prostata.

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Phytotherapy in Urology. Current Scientific Evidence of its Application in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and Prostate Adenocarcinoma.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Actas Urol Esp. 2013 Feb;37(2):114-119. doi: 10.1016/j.acuro.2012.07.005. Epub 2012 Oct 8.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.acuro.2012.07.005

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Moran E; Budia A; Broseta E; Boronat F

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Servicio de Urologia, Hospital Universitario y Politecnico La Fe, Valencia, España. Electronic address: edumoran@comv.es.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the usefulness of phytotherapy in the treatment of the benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostatic adenocarcinoma (ADCP). ACQUISITION OF EVIDENCE: Systematic review of the evidence published until January 2011 using the following scientific terms: phytotherapy, benign prostate  hyperplasia, prostatic adenocarcinoma, prostate cancer and the scientific names of compounds following the rules of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature. The databases used were Medline and The Cochrane Library. We included articles published until January 2011 written in English and Spanish. We included studies in vitro/in vivo on animal models or human beings. Exclusion criteria were literature not in English and Spanish or articles with serious methodological flaws. SYNTHESIS OF THE EVIDENCE: We included 65 articles of which 40 met the inclusion criteria. BPH: the most studied products are serenoa repens  and pygeum africanum. There are many studies in favour of the use of phytotherapy but its conclusions are inconsistent due to the small number of patients, the lack of control with placebo or short follow-up. However the use of these products is common in our environment. ADCP: there is no evidence to recommend phytotherapy in the treatment of the ADCP. There are works on prevention but only at experimental level so there is no evidence for its recommendation. CONCLUSIONS: The scientific evidence on the use of phytotherapy in prostatic pathology is conclusive not recommend ing the use of it for BPH or the ADCP.

 

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[726]

- CASTELLANO -

TÍTULO / TITLE:Reproducibilidad interobservador de un sistema de grado para el carcinoma de celulas renales tipo cromofobo.

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Interobserver Reproducibility of a Grading System for Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Actas Urol Esp. 2012 Oct 8. pii: S0210-4806(12)00206-9. doi: 10.1016/j.acuro.2012.04.005.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.acuro.2012.04.005

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Perez-Pedrosa A; Ortiz-Rey JA; Lorenzo-Mahia Y; Iglesias-Rodriguez B; Peteiro-Cancelo A; Gonzalez-Carrero J

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Servicio de Anatomia Patologica, Hospital Xeral-Cies, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Vigo, Pontevedra, España. Electronic address: appedrosa77@gmail.com.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - OBJECTIVES: To evaluate interobserver reproducibility of a grading system proposed by Paner et al. for chromophobe renal cell carcinoma. MATERIAL AND METHODS: After selecting 23 cases of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma from the Xeral-Cies Hospital, Meixoeiro Hospital and POVISA Hospital from the last 15 years, an informative meeting on the Paner et al. grading system criteria was held. After, the participating pathologists applied the system to each case, evaluating one slide selected. Kappa index for interobserver reproducibility was  calculated, and it was classified according to the Landis and Koch scale. RESULTS: The grading distribution was similar for most of the 6 participating observers, with grade 1 predominance. The remaining 2 observers considered a relatively higher proportion of grade 2. Kappa index values ranged from 0.136 to  0.674, with a discrete-moderate reproducibility index predominance (0.21-0.60). Highest Kappa value (0.674) was obtained between the most novel and the most expert interobservers. The lowest Kappa value was obtained among the most veteran pathologists (0.136). CONCLUSIONS: Interobserver reproducibility for chromophobe  renal cell carcinoma is discrete-moderate in our institutions when the novel grade proposed by Paner et al. is used. Labeling of grades 1 and 2 is not homogeneous among 6 participating observers. While awaiting a grading consensus on a new classification by the scientific societies, we consider that the routine use of a grading system for chromophobe renal cell carcinoma should not be used.

 

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[727]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Very distal apical prostate tumours: identification on multiparametric MRI at 3 Tesla.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - BJU Int. 2012 Dec;110(11 Pt B):E694-700. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11503.x. Epub 2012 Oct 4.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11503.x

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Nix JW; Turkbey B; Hoang A; Volkin D; Yerram N; Chua C; Linehan WM; Wood B; Choyke P; Pinto PA

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - National Institute of Health, National Cancer Institute, Urologic Oncology Branch National Institute of Health, National Cancer Institute, Molecular Imaging Program National Institute of Health, Diagnostic Radiology Division, Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Study Type - Diagnosis (case series) Level of Evidence 4 What’s known on the subject? and What does the study add? MRI has been shown to improve prostate cancer detection rates. Pinto et al. (J Urol 2011; 86: 1281-5) reported their outcomes on 101 patients with low, moderate or high suspicion lesions on multiparametric MRI that were subsequently targeted via an MRI/ultrasound fusion  biopsy platform. The prostate cancer detection rates were 27%, 66% and 89% respectively. Sciarra et al. (Clin Cancer Res 2010; 16: 1875-83) performed a prospective trial in 180 patients with prior negative biopsy and persistent PSA elevation. Patients were randomized to either MRI targeted biopsy followed by random 12-core TRUS biopsy vs random TRUS guided biopsy alone. Prostate cancer detection in the MRI targeted group was 45.5% vs 24.4% in the random group. Although MRI has been shown to improve prostate cancer detection rates, there has not previously been any work looking at the ability of MRI to detect prostate cancer localized to the very distal apex of the prostate. This is an important topic in that it might lead clinicians to counsel their patients in treatment decisions if it is felt that a treatment might not treat this section of the prostate well, e.g. high intensity focused ultrasound therapy that might spare the distal apex. OBJECTIVE: * To describe an undescribed ‘very distal’ apical prostate cancer on multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) since apical prostate cancer can be difficult to detect in transrectal ultrasound guided biopsy and might therefore be missed in treatment decisions such as high intensity focused ultrasound or surgical therapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: * From January 2011 to December 2012 a total of 210 consecutive patients underwent 3 T mpMRI with endorectal coil followed by our previously described MRI/ultrasound image fused and directed TRUS biopsies. * Patients also underwent 12-core TRUS sextant biopsies. * The inclusion criteria required at least one distal apical prostate lesion visualized on mpMRI and targeted for biopsy. RESULTS: * A total of 38 men  (median age 62 years, median PSA 7.68 ng/dL) were identified as having distal apical prostate cancer on mpMRI. * Thirteen patients (34%) had a prior diagnosis  of cancer and were on active surveillance protocols while 25 (66%) did not. Of those patients, 21 (55%) had undergone a median of two prior negative biopsies. * Twenty-two patients (58%) were positive on biopsy for prostate cancer. On breakdown of patients who were positive, 17 (77%) were positive on TRUS random biopsies and 21 (95%) were positive on MRI targeted biopsies with the majority of patients having multifocal disease. * At the distal apical lesions of interest, 80% were positive on MRI targeted biopsy. In addition 33% of these patients were  upgraded based on MRI targeted biopsy at the distal lesion. CONCLUSIONS: * Very distal apical prostate cancer can be accurately detected and sampled with mpMRI and subsequent MRI/ultrasound fusion biopsy. * This may aid clinicians and patients in decision making for therapeutic modalities.

 

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[728]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Carbonic anhydrase IX as a potential biomarker of efficacy in metastatic clear-cell renal cell carcinoma patients receiving sorafenib or placebo: Analysis from the treatment approaches in renal cancer global evaluation trial (TARGET)

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Urol Oncol. 2012 Nov 7. pii: S1078-1439(12)00246-3. doi: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2012.07.004.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.urolonc.2012.07.004

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Choueiri TK; Cheng S; Qu AQ; Pastorek J; Atkins MB; Signoretti S

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Kidney Cancer Program, Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA;  Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - OBJECTIVE: Retrospective data analyses have suggested that carbonic anhydrase IX  (CAIX) may have a predictive role in patients with metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) receiving high dose interleukin-2 or sorafenib. We examined the predictive value of CAIX in estimating treatment outcome in patients receiving sorafenib vs. placebo as part of the Treatment Approaches in Renal Cancer Global Evaluation Trial (TARGET) study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Paraffin embedded tumor tissues were collected from 133 patients from the TARGET study (n  = 903). The percentage of CAIX-positive cells was assessed by a single pathologist. The impact of CAIX expression on progression-free survival (PFS, primary endpoint) and tumor shrinkage (TS, secondary endpoint) was analyzed. RESULTS: Clinical characteristics were similarly distributed between patients with low vs. high CAIX staining, as well as patients with available CAIX data vs. not. Median PFS for patients with high CAIX vs. low CAIX expression was 5.5 and 5.4 months, respectively, on the sorafenib arm (P = 0.97), and 1.5 and 1.7 months on the placebo arm (P = 0.76). Median TS for patients with high CAIX status was -14.9% vs. -12.6% in patients with low CAIX status (P = 0.63) on the sorafenib arm, and +1.3% (high CAIX) vs. +4.8% (low CAIX) in patients on the placebo arm (P = 0.60). CONCLUSIONS: Despite suggestive retrospective evidence, data from the TARGET study did not find CAIX expression status to be either predictive of clinical benefit for treatment with sorafenib or of prognostic value in patients  with metastatic ccRCC following cytokine therapy.

 

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[729]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - A contemporary update on pathology standards for bladder cancer: transurethral resection and radical cystectomy specimens.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Eur Urol. 2013 Feb;63(2):321-32. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2012.10.008. Epub 2012 Oct 12.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.eururo.2012.10.008

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Hansel DE; Amin MB; Comperat E; Cote RJ; Knuchel R; Montironi R; Reuter VE; Soloway MS; Umar SA; Van der Kwast TH

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Pathology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA. hanseld@ccf.org

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - CONTEXT: Pathology standards for the diagnosis of bladder cancer (BCa) have recently evolved to better reflect patient diagnosis and clinical outcomes. OBJECTIVE: To update pathology reporting standards for BCa. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: We searched the international medical literature and reviewed all articles that addressed BCa gross dissection, pathologic diagnosis, staging, and reporting as of June 6, 2012. We also reviewed the proceedings from the recent Second International Consultation on Bladder Cancer (Vienna, Austria). The literature selected for review focuses on evidence-based studies that address histopathologic factors in BCa, with emphasis placed on factors that influence patient diagnosis and clinical outcomes. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: We separated data into three main components for analysis based on the type of specimen obtained: (1) transurethral resection specimens, with an emphasis on pathologic staging, variants of urothelial carcinoma, angiolymphatic invasion, and relevant ancillary techniques such as immunohistochemistry in assessing these features; (2) cystectomy specimens, with an emphasis on pT0 disease, prostatic involvement by urothelial carcinoma and lymph node dissection and analysis; and (3) cytology correlates, with recommendations for the use of cytology paired with tissue-based sampling. Areas of controversy are described and recommendations based on existing guidelines are provided. The value of a multidisciplinary team is highlighted. CONCLUSIONS: Ongoing international collaborations amongst pathologists have led to emerging standards in the reporting and microscopic diagnosis of BCa specimens. Although some areas remain controversial, we present  the most up-to-date data and guidelines relevant to neoplastic pathology of the urinary bladder.

 

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[730]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Acute myocardial infarction without cardiogenic shock does not affect serum prostate specific antigen levels: A case control study.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Int J Cardiol. 2012 Oct 23. pii: S0167-5273(12)01375-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2012.09.236.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.ijcard.2012.09.236

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Oztekin CV; Gokkaya CS; Cicekcioglu H; Ucar O; Cetin M; Ozturk E; Sahin M; Memis A

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Ankara Numune Education and Research Hospital, Department of Urology, Turkey.

 

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[731]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Outcomes following radical cystectomy for micropapillary bladder cancer versus pure urothelial carcinoma: a matched cohort analysis.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - World J Urol. 2012 Dec;30(6):801-6. doi: 10.1007/s00345-012-0976-0. Epub 2012 Nov 7.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s00345-012-0976-0

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Wang JK; Boorjian SA; Cheville JC; Kim SP; Tarrell RF; Thapa P; Frank I

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. wang.jeffrey@mayo.edu

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: Micropapillary (MP) bladder cancer is a rare variant of urothelial carcinoma (UC) which has been associated with an aggressive natural history. We sought to report the outcomes of patients with MP bladder cancer treated with radical cystectomy (RC) and compare survival to patients with pure UC of the bladder. METHODS: We identified 73 patients with MP bladder cancer and 748 patients with pure UC who underwent RC at our institution with median postoperative follow-up of 9.6 years. MP patients were stage-matched 1:2 to patients with pure UC. Survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared with the log-rank test. RESULTS: MP cancers were associated with a high  rate of adverse pathologic features, as 48/73 patients (66 %) had pT3/4 tumors and 37 (50 %) had pN+ disease. Ten-year cancer-specific survival in MP patients was 31 %, compared with 53 % in the overall cohort with pure UC (p = 0.001). When patients with MP bladder cancer were then stage-matched to those with pure UC, no significant differences between the groups were noted with regard to 10-year local recurrence-free survival (62 vs. 69 %; p = 0.87), distant metastasis-free survival (44 vs. 56 %; p = 0.54), or cancer-specific survival (31 vs. 40 %; p = 0.41). CONCLUSION: MP cancers are associated with a higher rate of locally advanced disease. However, when matched to patients with pure UC, patients with MP tumors did not have increased local/distant recurrence or adverse cancer-specific survival following RC.

 

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[732]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Influence of preoperative hydronephrosis on the outcome of urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract after nephroureterectomy: the results from a multi-institutional French cohort.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - World J Urol. 2013 Feb;31(1):83-91. doi: 10.1007/s00345-012-0964-4. Epub 2012 Oct 11.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s00345-012-0964-4

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Bozzini G; Nison L; Colin P; Ouzzane A; Yates DR; Audenet F; Pignot G; Arvin-Berod A; Merigot O; Guy L; Irani J; Saint F; Gardic S; Gres P; Rozet F; Neuzillet Y; Ruffion A; Roupret M

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Academic Department of Urology, CHRU Lille, Lille Nord de France University, Lille, France. bozzini_gregory@yahoo.fr

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - OBJECTIVES: Recent publications have assessed the prognostic significance of hydronephrosis in the outcome of upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UUT-UC). Our study sought to determine the prognostic impact of hydronephrosis on UUT-UC survival and its relationship to the clinicopathological features. MATERIALS AND  METHODS: A retrospective, multi-institutional French study was conducted on 401 patients who underwent radical nephroureterectomy for non-metastatic UUT-UC. Hydronephrotic status was determined using preoperative imaging reports. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with survival. RESULTS: Preoperative hydronephrosis was present in 74  patients. Median follow-up was 26 months. Hydronephrosis was associated only with ureteral localisation (p < 0.001). No difference was observed in 5-year cancer-specific survival (CSS) between the hydronephrosis group (80.1 %) and the  no hydronephrosis group (83.6 %) (p > 0.05). Only age (p = 0.02) and pT stage (p  = 0.01) were independent predictors of CSS. Hydronephrosis was not a significant  predictor of CSS in the univariate and multivariate analyses (p = 0.87 and p = 0.66). No significant difference was observed for 5-year metastasis-free survival (MFS) between the hydronephrosis group (69.8 % +/- 6.6 %) and the no hydronephrosis group (80.5 % +/- 3 %) (p = 0.052). Hydronephrosis was not a significant predictor of MFS in the univariate and multivariate analyses (p = 0.16 and p = 0.36). Multifocality (p = 0.02), pT stage (p < 0.001) and positive surgical margins (p = 0.02) were independent predictors of MFS. For the pelvic tumours subgroup, hydronephrosis was an independent predictor of MFS (p = 0.01) but not CSS (p = 0.86). CONCLUSION: Preoperative hydronephrosis was not associated with survival. However, among tumours presenting with hydronephrosis,  pelvicalyceal tumours appear to have a worse prognosis than ureteral tumours.

 

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[733]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Histological heterogeneity between primary and metastatic cancer in a pathologic  confirmed case of isolated optic disc metastasis of prostate adenocarcinoma.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2013 Jan;251(1):375-8. doi: 10.1007/s00417-012-2208-0. Epub 2012 Nov 28.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s00417-012-2208-0

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Yang HS; Jeong HR; Kim CW; Yoon YH; Kim JG

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Ophthalmology, Asan Medical Center, 388-1 Pungnap-2 dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-736, Korea.

 

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[734]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - ICUD-EAU International Consultation on Bladder Cancer 2012: pathology.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Eur Urol. 2013 Jan;63(1):16-35. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2012.09.063. Epub 2012 Oct  5.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.eururo.2012.09.063

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Amin MB; McKenney JK; Paner GP; Hansel DE; Grignon DJ; Montironi R; Lin O; Jorda M; Jenkins LC; Soloway M; Epstein JI; Reuter VE

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA. Mahul.Amin@cshs.org

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - CONTEXT: To present a summary of the 2nd International Consultation on Bladder Cancer recommendations on the pathology of bladder cancer using an evidence-based strategy. OBJECTIVE: To standardize descriptions of the diagnosis and reporting of urothelial carcinoma of the bladder and help optimize uniformity between individual pathology practices and institutions. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: A detailed Medline analysis was performed for original articles addressing bladder cancer with regard to pathology. Proceedings from the last 5 yr of major conferences were also searched. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: The major findings are presented in an evidence-based fashion. Large retrospective and prospective data were analyzed. CONCLUSIONS: Providing the best management for patients with bladder neoplasia relies on close cooperation and teamwork among urologists, oncologists, radiologists, and pathologists.

 

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[735]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Optimal methods for collecting and storing vaginal specimens for prostate-specific antigen testing in research studies.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Contraception. 2012 Oct 31. pii: S0010-7824(12)00885-2. doi: 10.1016/j.contraception.2012.09.033.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.contraception.2012.09.033

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Gallo MF; Snead MC; Black CM; Brown TM; Kourtis AP; Jamieson DJ; Carter M; Penman-Aguilar A; Macaluso M

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Division of Reproductive Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, Mail Stop K-34, Atlanta, GA 30341-3724, USA. Electronic address: mgallo@cdc.gov.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) detected in vaginal fluid can be used in studies of HIV/sexually transmitted infection (STI) and pregnancy prevention as an alternative to relying on participant reports of exposure to semen. Optimal methods for collecting and storing specimens for this testing have not been determined. STUDY DESIGN: We conducted a controlled, in vitro experiment of 550 specimens spiked with semen to determine the effects of swab type (five types), storage conditions of the swabs (room temperature with or without desiccant or at -80 degrees C without desiccant) and time from collection to testing (seven intervals over the course of 12 months) on the identification of PSA. We performed factorial analysis of variance to identify factors influencing PSA detection. RESULTS: Concentrations of PSA detected in the swabs declined with time of storage over the 1-year experiment (p<.01). The 1-mL, rayon-tipped swab stored immediately at -80 degrees C following collection performed best. CONCLUSIONS: If immediate testing or freezer storage is not feasible, investigators should use a swab with 1-mL capacity with processing and testing as soon as possible after specimen collection.

 

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[736]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - A plea for surgical lymph node staging in advanced prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Eur Urol. 2013 Feb;63(2):409-10. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2012.10.041. Epub 2012 Nov 2.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.eururo.2012.10.041

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Liedberg F; Ahlgren G; Bratt O; Bendahl PO

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden. fredrik.liedberg@med.lu.se

 

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[737]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - A robotic-assisted laparoscopic approach for pediatric renal cell carcinoma allows for both nephron-sparing surgery and extended lymph node dissection.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Pediatr Surg. 2012 Oct;47(10):1946-50. doi: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2012.08.017.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.jpedsurg.2012.08.017

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Cost NG; Geller JI; DeFoor WR Jr; Wagner LM; Noh PH

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Division of Pediatric Urology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA. nicholas.cost@sbcglobal.net

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Partial nephrectomy has been previously reported as safe and effective in appropriately selected children with renal cell carcinoma (RCC). However, there are limited reports of laparoscopic or robotic partial nephrectomy for oncologic  surgery in children. Additionally, nodal involvement is common in pediatric RCC,  and may present even with small primary tumors. Also, it is suggested that lymph  node dissection may provide therapeutic benefit. We present a case of pediatric RCC and demonstrate how the risk of nodal involvement may impact the surgical approach. Robotic-assisted laparoscopy can permit excellent exposure for an oncologically-sound resection, in this case a partial nephrectomy, as well as an  extended lymph node dissection.

 

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[738]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Radical nephrectomy with transperitoneal subcostal incision for large and locally advanced tumors of the right kidney.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Anticancer Res. 2012 Nov;32(11):5023-9.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Anastasiou J; Karatzas T; Felekouras E; Tokas T; Koutalellis G; Mitropoulos D; Constantinides C

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - First Department of Urology, University of Athens Medical School, Laiko General Hospital, Ag. Thoma 17, Goudi, 115 27 Athens, Greece.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Several surgical approaches have been used for radical nephrectomy for large and locally advanced tumors of the right kidney. Aim: To present our experience with radical nephrectomy using a right subcostal incision with a transperitoneal approach in patients with very large tumors of the right kidney.  PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between 2003 and 2010, 34 patients with very large tumors of the right kidney were submitted to surgery. Eighteen patients underwent a transperitoneal approach with a right subcostal incision (intervention group) and 16 patients were operated on with retroperitoneal flank incision (control group). RESULTS: No significant complications during surgery were observed in the intervention group; two patients needed blood transfusions of 300 cc during the first postoperative day. In the control group, injury of the renal vein or inferior vena cava (IVC) was a relatively common complication; five patients needed blood transfusions of 300 cc during the first postoperative day. CONCLUSION: A transperitoneal right subcostal incision for radical nephrectomy in patients with large and locally advanced tumors of the right kidney seems to offer better access to the renal pedicle, and to the great vessels of the area as well as better exposure of the organs of the abdominal cavity. This approach could be more useful in cases in which liver involvement is possible.

 

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[739]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Tissue-engineered tubular graft for urinary diversion after radical cystectomy in rabbits.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Surg Res. 2012 Nov 3. pii: S0022-4804(12)00905-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jss.2012.10.024.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.jss.2012.10.024

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Liao W; Yang S; Song C; Li Y; Meng L; Li X; Xiong Y

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Clinically, using ileal conduit for urinary diversion often caused many serious complications. Tissue engineering technology may offer an alternative method for urinary diversion after radical cystectomy. In this study, we aimed to make a tissue-engineered tubular graft (TETG) using bladder epithelial cells and bladder acellular matrix (BAM) for urinary diversion in rabbits. METHODS: Bladder epithelial cells of rabbit were cultivated and expanded in vitro, which were then seeded on BAM and cultured for 7 d. Then, cell-seeded grafts of 4 cm length and 0.8 cm diameter were used to make TETGs and transferred into the omentum for 2 wk before urinary diversion. In the experimental group, bladders of the rabbits were removed. The proximal ends of TETGs were anastomosed with ureters, and the distal ends were anastomosed with the abdominal stomas. In  the control group, TETGs were constructed using unseeded BAM. Newly formed tissue structures were functionally and microscopically evaluated using urography and immunohistochemistry at 1, 2, 4, and 8 wk after operation, respectively. Histologic examination with hematoxylin and eosin staining was conducted to assess tissue regeneration. Immunohistochemistry was performed with AE(1)/AE(3),  uroplakin a, and zonula occludens 1 (ZO-1) antibodies. RESULTS: All animals were  alive in the experimental group. Hematoxylin and eosin staining showed epithelial coverage in TETG. Immunohistochemistry showed positive stain with AE(1)/AE(3), uroplakin a, and ZO-1, which indicated mature and functional epithelial cells on  the lumen of TETG. Intravenous urography showed that there were no obstructions in TETGs. In the control group, four rabbits were dead within 2 wk, and scar formation, atresia, and severe hydronephrosis were found. CONCLUSIONS: It was feasible that TETG constructed using bladder epithelial cells and BAM for urinary diversion after radical cystectomy in rabbits.

 

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[740]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Expression of beta-tubulin isotypes in urothelial carcinoma of the bladder.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - World J Urol. 2012 Nov 27.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s00345-012-0993-z

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Choi JW; Kim Y; Lee JH; Kim YS

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Pathology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, 516, Gojan-1 Dong, Danwon-Gu, Ansan-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 425-707, Republic of Korea.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: Our study aims to investigate the expressions of beta-tubulin isotypes and their significances in urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB) as altered expression of a specific beta-tubulin isotype is associated with chemoresistance  and poor prognosis in other malignancies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Expression of beta-tubulin isotypes was retrospectively examined in 342 UCB samples obtained from 1995 to 2010 by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: TUBB1 (307/342, 89.8 %) was most frequently overexpressed in the cytoplasm of UCB cases, followed by TUBB4 (101/342, 29.5 %), TUBB2 (85/342, 24.9 %), and TUBB3 (60/342, 17.5 %). TUBB1 overexpression was associated with older age (p = 0.032), high WHO grade (p = 0.001), and advanced TNM stage (p = 0.006). High levels of TUBB2 expression were  associated with high WHO grade (p < 0.001), advanced TNM stage (p < 0.001), and non-papillary growth pattern (p = 0.007). TUBB3 overexpression was related to high WHO grade (p = 0.029). In univariate and multivariate survival analyses, TUBB1 overexpression was associated with poor recurrence-free survival (RFS) rates of all cases (hazard ratio 1.98, p = 0.031) and of the patients with transurethral and/or partial resection (hazard ratio 2.12, p = 0.031). TUBB2 overexpression was correlated with a short RFS of the patients with T2-T4 stages  (hazard ratio 3.48, p = 0.007). TUBB3 overexpression was related to a poor RFS of the patients undergoing radical cystectomy (hazard ratio 5.90, p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: High TUBB1, TUBB2, and TUBB3 expressions are associated with unfavorable clinicopathologic factors and are independent prognostic factors for  recurrence-free survival of UCB.

 

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[741]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Association of legumain expression pattern with prostate cancer invasiveness and  aggressiveness.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - World J Urol. 2013 Apr;31(2):359-64. doi: 10.1007/s00345-012-0977-z. Epub 2012 Nov 3.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s00345-012-0977-z

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Ohno Y; Nakashima J; Izumi M; Ohori M; Hashimoto T; Tachibana M

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1, Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan, yoshio-o@tokyo-med.ac.jp.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - OBJECTIVES: To investigate the clinical implication of legumain, an asparaginyl endopeptidase that is highly expressed in several types of cancer, expression in  prostate cancer. METHODS: Legumain expression in prostate cancer cell lines was determined by real-time reverse transcriptase PCR and Western blot. Furthermore,  legumain expression in 88 prostatectomy specimens was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. The association between legumain expression and clinicopathological factors was analyzed. RESULTS: Legumain expression was confirmed at the mRNA and protein levels in all the cells. Although all the cancer tissues were positive for legumain, 2 staining patterns were observed in the cytoplasm: diffuse cytoplasmic and vesicular positivity. The rates of Gleason score >/=8, extracapsular extension, and perineural invasion in the group with vesicular staining were significantly higher than those in the diffuse cytoplasmic group (p < 0.05). The maximum size of the tumor with vesicular staining was significantly greater than that of the tumor with diffuse cytoplasmic staining (p = 0.0302). The 5-year biochemical recurrence-free rate in the patients with vesicular legumain staining was 53.2 %; this rate was significantly lower than that (78.8 %) in the patients with diffuse cytoplasmic staining (p = 0.0269). CONCLUSIONS: Tumors that showed a vesicular staining pattern of legumain had the potential of being highly invasive and aggressive in  patients with prostate cancer who were treated with radical prostatectomy. This suggests that legumain might contribute to the invasiveness and aggressiveness of prostate cancer.

 

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[742]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - ‘Stop going off on a tangent’: a novel method for discriminating pathological from tangential fluorescence during photodynamic diagnosis cystoscopy.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 2012 Nov;94(8):608. doi: 10.1308/003588412X13373405387096m.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1308/003588412X13373405387096m

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Nair R; Coker C

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - London Deanery, UK. drrajnair@hotmail.com

 

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[743]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Benefit of robot-assisted laparoscopy in nerve-sparing radical hysterectomy: urinary morbidity in early cervical cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Surg Endosc. 2013 Apr;27(4):1237-42. doi: 10.1007/s00464-012-2582-z. Epub 2012 Oct 18.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s00464-012-2582-z

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Narducci F; Collinet P; Merlot B; Lambaudie E; Boulanger L; Lefebvre-Kuntz D; Nickers P; Taieb S; Houvenaeghel G; Leblanc E

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Departement de Cancerologie Gynecologique, Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Oscar Lambret, 3 rue Frederic Combemale, BP307, 59020, Lille cedex, France, f-narducci@o-lambret.fr.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility of nerve-sparing radical hysterectomy in early cervical cancer by robot-assisted laparoscopy and atonic bladder rate. METHODS: This was a retrospective study with consecutive patients in three gynecological oncology departments. Patients with <2 cm cervical cancer had nerve-sparing radical hysterectomy by robot-assisted laparoscopy and pelvic lymphadenectomy. Two days after surgery, we systematically removed the Foley bladder catheter. RESULTS: The median (range) age and body mass index of the 30 patients were 44 (33-68) years and 23.9 (17.7-39.4) kg/m(2), respectively. The median (range) tumor diameter at the time of surgery was 13 (4-38) mm. The median (range) operative time, blood loss, and number of pelvic lymph nodes (any common  iliac lymph nodes) were 305 (180-405) min, 100 (30-1,500) ml, and 18 (7-28). The  overall complication rate was 52.3 %, of which 6.7 % atonic bladder. Twenty-eight patients (93.3 %) were discharged 2 days after surgery with spontaneous voiding and no residual urine >100 ml. CONCLUSIONS: Nerve-sparing radical hysterectomy by robot-assisted laparoscopy is feasible in early cervical cancer (<2 cm). A total  of 93.3 % of the patients were discharged 2 days after surgery with spontaneous voiding. The next step would be a prospective study with objective urodynamic investigations.

 

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[744]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - PEG-derivatized embelin as a nanomicellar carrier for delivery of paclitaxel to breast and prostate cancers.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Biomaterials. 2013 Feb;34(5):1591-600. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.10.073. Epub 2012 Nov 23.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.biomaterials.2012.10.073

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Lu J; Huang Y; Zhao W; Marquez RT; Meng X; Li J; Gao X; Venkataramanan R; Wang Z; Li S

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Center for Pharmacogenetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Paclitaxel (PTX) is one of the most effective chemotherapeutic agents for a wide  spectrum of cancers, but its therapeutic benefit is often limited by severe side  effects. We have developed a micelle-based PTX formulation based on a simple conjugate derived from polyethylene glycol 5000 (PEG(5K)) and embelin (EB). Embelin is a natural product and exhibits antitumor activity through blocking the activity of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP). PEG(5K)-EB(2) conjugate self-assembles to form stable micelles in aqueous solution and efficiently encapsulates hydrophobic drugs such as PTX. PEG(5K)-EB(2) micelles have a relatively low CMC of 0.002 mg/mL (0.35 muM) with sizes in the range of 20 approximately 30 nm with or without loaded PTX. In vitro cell uptake study showed that the PEG(5K)-EB(2) micelles were efficiently taken up by tumor cells. In vitro release study showed that PTX formulated in PEG(5K)-EB(2) micelles was slowly released over 5 days with much slower release kinetics than that of Taxol  formulation. PTX formulated in PEG(5K)-EB(2) micelles exhibited more potent cytotoxicity than Taxol in several cultured tumor cell lines. Total body near infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging showed that PEG(5K)-EB(2) micelles were selectively accumulated at tumor site with minimal uptake in major organs including liver and spleen. PTX-loaded PEG(5K)-EB(2) micelles demonstrated an excellent safety profile with a maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of 100-120 mg PTX/kg in mice, which was significantly higher than that for Taxol (15-20 mg PTX/kg). Finally, PTX formulated in PEG(5K)-EB(2) micelles showed superior antitumor activity compared to Taxol in murine models of breast and prostate cancers.

 

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[745]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - The relative effects of fat versus muscle mass on cystatin C and estimates of renal function in healthy young men.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Ann Clin Biochem. 2013 Jan;50(Pt 1):39-46. doi: 10.1258/acb.2012.011241. Epub 2012 Nov 5.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1258/acb.2012.011241

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Chew-Harris JS; Florkowski CM; George PM; Elmslie JL; Endre ZH

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Biochemistry Department, Medlab South Ltd, PO Box 25-091, Christchurch 8013, New  Zealand.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: It is well known that plasma creatinine concentration is affected by  muscle mass, while some studies have suggested cystatin C is affected by body mass index (BMI). Our aim was to assess the effects of lean versus fat mass on cystatin C and creatinine derivative equations in estimating glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in healthy young men. METHODS: Three groups of participants were studied: those classified as normal (BMI 18-25 kg/m(2) with body fat <30%);  muscular subjects (BMI >30 kg/m(2) and body fat <20%); and obese subjects (BMI >30 kg/m(2) and body fat >30%). All underwent diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid GFR, bio-electrical impedance and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry body composition analysis, measurement of plasma cystatin C, creatinine and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and completed a diet record. RESULTS: Cystatin C was highest in the obese group (0.77 mg/L; 95% confidence intervals [CI] 0.69-0.77) and creatinine was highest in the muscular group (90.1 mumol/L; 95% CI 84.3-96.0). On multivariate analysis, body fat and GFR (P = 0.003) were significant determinants of cystatin C; muscle mass and age affected creatinine significantly (P = 0.02). Using cystatin C equations, Le Bricon and Hoek showed significantly lower estimated GFR in the obese group but performed reasonably well within 50%, 30% and 20% of GFR. Creatinine equations showed significant underestimations of GFR for the muscular group. CONCLUSIONS: Body fat is a significant determinant of cystatin C while creatinine concentration is highly affected by muscle mass and age. Body composition plays an important role in the  interpretation of renal function. Cystatin C equations are still accurate in predicting GFR in our healthy male group without chronic kidney disease.

 

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[746]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Natural history of early, localized prostate cancer: a final report from three decades of follow-up.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Eur Urol. 2013 Mar;63(3):428-35. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2012.10.002. Epub 2012 Oct 13.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.eururo.2012.10.002

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Popiolek M; Rider JR; Andren O; Andersson SO; Holmberg L; Adami HO; Johansson JE

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - School of Health and Medical Sciences, Orebro University; and Department of Urology, Orebro University Hospital, Orebro, Sweden.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Most localized prostate cancers are believed to have an indolent course. Within 15 yr of diagnosis, most deaths among men with prostate cancer (PCa) can be attributed to other competing causes. However, data from studies with extended follow-up are insufficient to determine appropriate treatment for men with localized disease. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the long-term natural history of untreated, early-stage PCa. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: We conducted a population-based, prospective-cohort study using a consecutive sample of 223 patients with untreated, localized PCa from a regionally well-defined catchment area in central Sweden. All subjects were initially managed with observation. Androgen deprivation therapy was administered when symptomatic tumor progression occurred. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Based on >30 yr of follow-up, the main outcome measures were: progression-free, cause-specific, and overall survival, and rates of progression and mortality per  1000 person-years. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: After 32 yr of follow-up, all but 3 (1%) of the 223 men had died. We observed 90 (41.4%) local progression events and 41 (18.4%) cases of progression to distant metastasis. In total, 38 (17%) men died of PCa. Cause-specific survival decreased between 15 and 20 yr, but stabilized with further follow-up. All nine men with Gleason grade 8-10 disease died within the first 10 yr of follow-up, five (55%) from PCa. Survival for men with well-differentiated, nonpalpable tumors declined slowly through 20 yr, and more rapidly between 20 and 25 yr (from 75.2% [95% confidence interval, 48.4-89.3] to 25% [95% confidence interval, 22.0-72.5]). It is unclear whether these data are relevant for tumors detected by elevated prostate-specific antigen levels. CONCLUSIONS: Although localized PCa most often has an indolent course, local progression and distant metastasis can develop over the long term, even among patients considered low risk at diagnosis.

 

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[747]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Low suspicion lesions on multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging predict for the absence of high-risk prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - BJU Int. 2012 Dec;110(11 Pt B):E783-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11646.x. Epub 2012 Nov 6.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11646.x

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Yerram NK; Volkin D; Turkbey B; Nix J; Hoang AN; Vourganti S; Gupta GN; Linehan WM; Choyke PL; Wood BJ; Pinto PA

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Urologic Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Study Type - Diagnostic (case series) Level of Evidence 4 What’s known on the subject? and What does the study add? Over-treatment of indolent prostate cancer  lesions is a problem which can result in increased human and medical costs. Lesions with a low suspician level at mpMRI of the prostate have low risk of including high risk prostate cancer. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) has the potential to identify  patients at low risk for cancer, thus obviating the need for biopsy. Prostate cancer is currently diagnosed by random biopsies, resulting in the discovery of multiple low-risk cancers that often lead to overtreatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We reviewed 800 consecutive patients who underwent a 3 Tesla mpMRI of the prostate with an endorectal coil from March 2007 to November 2011. All suspicious lesions were independently reviewed by two radiologists using T2-weighted, diffusion-weighted, spectroscopic and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI sequences. Patients with only low suspicion lesions (maximum of two positive parameters on mpMRI) who subsequently underwent transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS)/MRI fusion targeted biopsy were selected for analysis. RESULTS: In total, 125 patients with  only low suspicion prostatic lesions on mpMRI were identified. On TRUS/MRI fusion biopsy, 77 (62%) of these patients had no cancer detected, 38 patients had Gleason 6 disease and 10 patients had Gleason 7 (3+4) disease. There were 30 patients with cancer detected on biopsy who qualified for active surveillance using 2011 National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines. No cases of high-risk (>/= Gleason 4+3) cancer were identified on biopsy and, of the fifteen  patients who underwent radical prostatectomy at our institution, none were pathologically upgraded to high-risk cancer. Thus, for patients with only low suspicion lesions, 107 (88%) patients either had no cancer or clinically insignificant disease. CONCLUSIONS: The results obtained in the present study show that low suspicion lesions on mpMRI are associated with either negative biopsies or low-grade tumours suitable for active surveillance. Such patients have a low risk of harbouring high-risk prostate cancers.

 

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[748]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Simultaneous analysis of 28 urinary VOC metabolites using ultra high performance  liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI/MSMS).

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Anal Chim Acta. 2012 Oct 31;750:152-60. doi: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.04.009. Epub 2012 Apr 21.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.aca.2012.04.009

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Alwis KU; Blount BC; Britt AS; Patel D; Ashley DL

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - National Center for Environmental Health, Division of Laboratory Sciences, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA. UAlwis@cdc.gov

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are ubiquitous in the environment, originating  from many different natural and anthropogenic sources, including tobacco smoke. Long-term exposure to certain VOCs may increase the risk for cancer, birth defects, and neurocognitive impairment. Therefore, VOC exposure is an area of significant public health concern. Urinary VOC metabolites are useful biomarkers  for assessing VOC exposure because of non-invasiveness of sampling and longer physiological half-lives of urinary metabolites compared with VOCs in blood and breath. We developed a method using reversed-phase ultra high performance liquid  chromatography (UPLC) coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI/MSMS) to simultaneously quantify 28 urinary VOC metabolites as  biomarkers of exposure. We describe a method that monitors metabolites of acrolein, acrylamide, acrylonitrile, benzene, 1-bromopropane, 1,3-butadiene, carbon-disulfide, crotonaldehyde, cyanide, N,N-dimethylformamide, ethylbenzene, ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, styrene, tetrachloroethylene, toluene, trichloroethylene, vinyl chloride and xylene. The method is accurate (mean accuracy for spiked matrix ranged from 84 to 104%), sensitive (limit of detection ranged from 0.5 to 20 ng mL(-1)) and precise (the relative standard deviations ranged from 2.5 to 11%). We applied this method to urine samples collected from 1203 non-smokers and 347 smokers and demonstrated that smokers have significantly elevated levels of tobacco-related biomarkers compared to non-smokers. We found significant (p<0.0001) correlations between serum cotinine and most of the tobacco-related biomarkers measured. These findings confirm that this method can  effectively quantify urinary VOC metabolites in a population exposed to volatile  organics.

 

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[749]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - The applicability of Ki-67 marker for renal epithelioid angiomyolipoma: experience of ten cases from asingle center.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Neoplasma. 2012 Nov 25. doi: 10.4149/neo_2013_028.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 4149/neo_2013_028

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Xu C; Jiang XZ; Zhao HF; Zhang NZ; Ma L; Xu ZS

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - In order to present our experience with 10 cases of renal epithelioid angiomyolipoma (EAML) and validate the applicability of Ki-67 (proliferation marker) for EAML, we reviewed medical records of 10 consecutive cases diagnosed EAML from January 2005 to February 2012 at our department. Clinical data were collected and analyzed and pathology slides were reviewed. The immunohistochemical reactions for Ki-67 were performed and tumors showed positive expression were estimated. Active follow-up was performed to investigate the association between Ki-67 expression and the prognosis. The mean age and tumor size of the patients was 43.6 years (range 32-56) and 8.2 cm (range 2-15 cm), respectively. Seven were females while three were males. Radical nephrectomy was  performed in 6 patients, partial nephrectomy in 3, and renal artery ligation in 1. The immunohistochemical reactions for HMB-45 (Human Melanoma Black), SMA (Smooth Muscle Actin) were positive but for S-100 were negative. The number of patients showing positive/negative Ki-67 expression was 5/5. The survival rate of the positive group was 20% (1/5) while 100% (5/5) of the negative group during the median follow-up time of 26.75 months (range 1-53). Recurrence, metastasis and death due to disease occurred in 1 (10%), 3 (30%) and 4 (40%) patients, respectively. Higher expression (positive) of Ki-67 indicates the presence of EAML and poor prognosis of patients. Surgical excision including radical and partial nephrectomy is aconsiderable approach to the treatment for its malignant  potential. Keywords: renal tumor, epithelioid angiomyolipoma, clinical characteristics, Ki-67 marker, prognosis.

 

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[750]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Laparoscopic and robotic partial nephrectomy without renal ischaemia for tumours  larger than 4 cm: perioperative and functional outcomes.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - World J Urol. 2012 Oct;30(5):671-6. doi: 10.1007/s00345-012-0961-7. Epub 2012 Sep 30.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s00345-012-0961-7

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Papalia R; Simone G; Ferriero M; Guaglianone S; Costantini M; Giannarelli D; Maini CL; Forastiere E; Gallucci M

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi  53, 00144 Rome, Italy. mpurri@yahoo.it

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: To evaluate the technical feasibility, safety and functional outcomes of zero ischaemia laparoscopic and robotic partial nephrectomy with controlled hypotension for renal tumours larger than 4 cm. METHODS: We evaluated 121 consecutive patients with American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) scores 1-2 who underwent laparoscopic (n = 70) or robotic (n = 51) partial nephrectomy with  controlled hypotension with either tumour size </=4 cm (group 1, n = 78) or tumour size >4 cm (group 2, n = 43) performed by a single surgeon from December 2010 to December 2011. Operative data, complications, serum creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rates and effective renal plasma flow calculated from 99mTc-mercaptoacetyltriglycine renal scintigraphy were compared. Differences between groups were evaluated by the Chi-square test and the Student’s t test. RESULTS: A significant difference in mean intraoperative blood loss and postoperative complications was found between the two groups: 168 ml (range: 10-600 ml in group 1) and 205 ml (range: 90-700 ml in group 2); p = 0.005, and 6.4 % versus 18.6 %; p = 0.004, respectively. The mean percentage decrease of ERPF of the operated kidney was 1.8 % in group 1 and 4.1 % in group 2. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic and robotic partial nephrectomy with controlled hypotension for tumours >4 cm in ASA 1-2 patients was feasible with significant higher intraoperative blood loss and postoperative complications compared to smaller renal masses. The benefits of avoiding hilar clamping to preserve kidney  function seem excellent.

 

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[751]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Outcomes of salvage prostate cryotherapy stratified by pre-treatment PSA: update  from the COLD registry.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - World J Urol. 2012 Nov 23.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s00345-012-0982-2

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Spiess PE; Levy DA; Pisters LL; Mouraviev V; Jones JS

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Genitourinary Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Office 12538, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA, philippe.spiess@moffitt.org.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - OBJECTIVES: In this study, we evaluate the outcomes of salvage cryotherapy for locally recurrent prostate cancer within the COLD (cryo online data) Registry. Furthermore, we assess the results of salvage cryotherapy (with intermediate follow-up) stratified by pre-treatment prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels to  determine which patients may best be suited for treatment. METHODS: The COLD registry was developed as a prospective, centrally collected database among patients undergoing salvage cryoablation for locally recurrent prostate cancer following primary prostate radiotherapy with curative intent. Of the patients undergoing salvage cryotherapy (without neoadjuvant hormonal ablative therapy), complete medical records were available in 156 patients, with their mean follow-up being 3.8 years (0.9-12.7 years). The treatment outcomes of salvage cryotherapy were assessed using the Phoenix definition (nadir PSA + 2 ng/ml) of biochemical failure. RESULTS: Of our entire study population, the biochemical disease-free survival (bDFS) rates at 1, 2, and 3 years were 89.0, 73.7, and 66.7 %, respectively. Stratification of our patients into two subgroups is based on their pre-treatment total serum PSA values <5 and >/=5 ng/ml, and bDFS rates at 3 years for these two subgroups were 78.3 and 52.9 %, respectively. A Kaplan-Meier  analysis of bDFS stratified by these same pre-treatment PSA values revealed that  the subset of patients with a PSA >/= 5 ng/ml had statistically significant poorer bDFS rates (P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Salvage prostate cryotherapy is a potentially curative local salvage therapy. The importance of early referral when patients have a pre-treatment PSA < 5 ng/ml is essential to optimize treatment outcomes.

 

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[752]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Cabazitaxel Plus Prednisone for Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer Progressing After Docetaxel: Results from the German Compassionate-use Programme.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Eur Urol. 2012 Sep 3. pii: S0302-2838(12)01011-1. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2012.08.058.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.eururo.2012.08.058

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Heidenreich A; Scholz HJ; Rogenhofer S; Arsov C; Retz M; Muller SC; Albers P; Gschwend J; Wirth M; Steiner U; Miller K; Heinrich E; Trojan L; Volkmer B; Honecker F; Bokemeyer C; Keck B; Otremba B; Ecstein-Fraisse E; Pfister D

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, RWTH University Aachen, Aachen, Germany. Electronic address: aheidenreich@ukaachen.de.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Cabazitaxel (Cbz) is an approved second-line treatment in metastatic  castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) following docetaxel therapy with a significant survival benefit compared with mitoxantrone. However, grade ¾ toxicities were reported in 82% of patients. OBJECTIVE: To report on the safety results of mCRPC patients treated within a compassionate-use programme in Germany. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: A total of 111 patients with a mean age of 67.9 yr (range: 49-81 yr) and progressive mCRPC were included. Patients had received a mean number of 12.7+/-10.8 cycles (range: 6-69 cycles) of docetaxel with a mean cumulative dose of 970.9mg/m(2); mean time from last docetaxel application to progression was 6.95 mo (range: 2-54 mo). Of the patients, 31.5% progressed by prostate-specific antigen (PSA) increase only; the  remainder had a combination of PSA increase and clinical progression. INTERVENTION: Cbz at a dosage of 25mg/m(2) intravenously every 3 wk combined with 5mg of oral prednisone twice a day. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Treatment-associated toxicity was the primary study end point; progression-free and overall survival were secondary end points. A descriptive statistical analysis was performed. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: Patients received a  mean number of 6.5+/-2.2 cycles of Cbz and a mean cumulative dose of 160.3+/-51.5mg/m(2). Grade 3 and 4 treatment-emergent adverse events were recorded in 34 patients (30.6%) and 18 patients (16.2%), respectively. Grade ¾  anaemia, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia were reported in 4.5%, 7.2%, and 0.9%  of the patients, respectively. Neutropenic fever was reported in 1.8% of the patients. Grade ¾ gastrointestinal toxicity was identified in 4.5% of the patients. Three patients died because of Cbz-related toxicity. Granulocyte colony-stimulating growth factors were used in 17.1% of patients. The limitations are due to the nonrandomised nature of the trial. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with Cbz is tolerable and is associated with a low incidence of serious adverse events in  a real-world patient population with CRPC. The outcome of serious adverse events  can be minimised with proactive treatment management and conscientious monitoring.

 

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[753]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Active surveillance for low-risk prostate cancer worldwide: the PRIAS study.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Eur Urol. 2013 Apr;63(4):597-603. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2012.11.005. Epub 2012 Nov 12.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.eururo.2012.11.005

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Bul M; Zhu X; Valdagni R; Pickles T; Kakehi Y; Rannikko A; Bjartell A; van der Schoot DK; Cornel EB; Conti GN; Boeve ER; Staerman F; Vis-Maters JJ; Vergunst H; Jaspars JJ; Strolin P; van Muilekom E; Schroder FH; Bangma CH; Roobol MJ

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. m.bul@erasmusmc.nl

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Overdiagnosis and subsequent overtreatment are important side effects of screening for, and early detection of, prostate cancer (PCa). Active surveillance (AS) is of growing interest as an alternative to radical treatment of low-risk PCa. OBJECTIVE: To update our experience in the largest worldwide prospective AS cohort. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Eligible patients had clinical stage T1/T2 PCa, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) </= 10 ng/ml, PSA density <0.2 ng/ml per milliliter, one or two positive biopsy cores, and Gleason  score </= 6. PSA was measured every 3-6 mo, and volume-based repeat biopsies were scheduled after 1, 4, and 7 yr. Reclassification was defined as more than two positive cores or Gleason >6 at repeat biopsy. Recommendation for treatment was triggered in case of PSA doubling time <3 yr or reclassification. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Multivariate regression analysis was used  to evaluate predictors for reclassification at repeat biopsy. Active therapy-free survival (ATFS) was assessed with a Kaplan-Meier analysis, and Cox regression was used to evaluate the association of clinical characteristics with active therapy  over time. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: In total, 2494 patients were included and followed for a median of 1.6 yr. One or more repeat biopsies were performed in 1480 men, of whom 415 men (28%) showed reclassification. Compliance with the first repeat biopsy was estimated to be 81%. During follow-up, 527 patients (21.1%) underwent active therapy. ATFS at 2 yr was 77.3%. The strongest predictors for reclassification and switching to deferred treatment were the number of positive cores (two cores compared with one core) and PSA density. The  disease-specific survival rate was 100%. Follow-up was too short to draw definitive conclusions about the safety of AS. CONCLUSIONS: Our short-term data support AS as a feasible strategy to reduce overtreatment. Clinical characteristics and PSA kinetics during follow-up can be used for risk stratification. Strict monitoring is even more essential in men with high-risk features to enable timely recognition of potentially aggressive disease and offer curative intervention. Limitations of using surrogate end points and markers in AS should be recognized. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The current program is registered at the Dutch Trial Register with ID NTR1718 (trialregister.nl/trialreg/admin/rctview.asp?TC=1718).

 

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[754]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Novel immunotherapeutic strategies in development for renal cell carcinoma.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Eur Urol. 2013 May;63(5):881-9. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2012.10.006. Epub 2012 Oct  12.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.eururo.2012.10.006

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Inman BA; Harrison MR; George DJ

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA. Electronic address: brant.inman@duke.edu.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - CONTEXT: The purpose of this report is to review immunotherapies under investigation for patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC), the most common form  of kidney cancer, for which the incidence and mortality rate continue to increase. OBJECTIVE: To summarize and evaluate current data on immunotherapies for RCC and discuss issues to be resolved before integration into the RCC treatment paradigm. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: A search of Medline, clinicaltrials.gov, and congress abstracts/treatment guidelines was performed in  May 2012 using the following terms (and variations): metastatic renal cell carcinoma, practice guidelines, response/resistance to current treatments, immunotherapy, novel immunotherapeutic strategies, T-cell modulation, immune priming, innate immunity, and combination therapy. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: Prior to the advent of novel agents targeting the vascular endothelial growth factor and mechanistic target of rapamycin pathways, interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-alpha were the mainstays of RCC treatment. IL-2 remains one of the only treatments capable of curing advanced RCC, albeit in few patients. Despite recent advances, unmet need still exists for patients in the adjuvant setting, those with poor prognostic factors, and those who have progressed on prior targeted therapies. Improved understanding of host-tumor immune interactions has  led to development of novel immunotherapeutic agents, including antibodies against immune checkpoint proteins (eg, programmed death-1 and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4), and various vaccines. Because many of these compounds are in development, clinical experience with them is limited, although some have  demonstrated activity in preliminary studies. CONCLUSIONS: It is not yet clear where these new immunotherapies will fit into RCC treatment paradigms, but they may provide new options for patients whose current choices are limited. Furthermore, predictive biomarkers are needed to identify patients who will derive the greatest benefit from immunotherapy.

 

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[755]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Words of wisdom. Re: Radical prostatectomy versus observation for localized prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Eur Urol. 2012 Dec;62(6):1196. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2012.09.016.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.eururo.2012.09.016

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Barry JM

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA. barryj@ohsu.edu

 

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[756]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Words of wisdom. Re: Radical prostatectomy versus observation for localized prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Eur Urol. 2012 Dec;62(6):1195. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2012.09.015.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.eururo.2012.09.015

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Catalona WJ

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA. wcatalona@nmff.org

 

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[757]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Conservative management of upper tract urothelial carcinoma in france: a 2004-2011 national practice report.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Eur Urol. 2013 Feb;63(2):405-6. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2012.10.020. Epub 2012 Oct  23.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.eururo.2012.10.020

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Colin P; Roupret M; Ghoneim TP; Traxer O; Zerbib M; Xylinas E

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Claude Huriez Hospital, CHRU Lille, University of Lille Nord de France, Lille, France. pierre_colin@msn.com

 

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[758]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Does PSA testing hurt or help?

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Johns Hopkins Med Lett Health After 50. 2012 Aug;24(7):6.

 

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[759]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Wash-less and highly sensitive assay for prostate specific antigen detection.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Analyst. 2012 Dec 7;137(23):5614-9. doi: 10.1039/c2an36243k. Epub 2012 Oct 22.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1039/c2an36243k

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Suaifan GA; Esseghaier C; Ng A; Zourob M

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - A novel, simple and facile biosensor for prostate specific antigen (PSA) detection was constructed. In this method, proteolytically active PSA is capable  of cleaving PSA substrate-magnetic carrier complexes. Electrochemical analysis of the sensor layer showed a significant decrease in impedance signal after proteolysis has occurred, whereas a positive change in impedance was observed using a negative control substrate, indicating the specificity of our detection mechanism. The biosensor has the ability to monitor PSA concentrations ranging from 1 pg ml(-1) to 1 mug ml(-1) with a detection limit as low as 1 pg ml(-1). The sensor offers the possibility of developing a wash-less and cost-effective point-of-care device due to the simplicity of the probe immobilization process and the elimination of labeling and reporter molecules during the biosensing step.

 

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[760]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Commentary on “surrogate endpoints for prostate cancer-specific mortality after radiotherapy and androgen suppression therapy in men with localized or locally advanced prostate cancer: an analysis of 2 randomized trials.” A.V. D’Amico, M.H. Chen, M. de Castro, M. Loffredo, D.S. Lamb, A. Steigler, P.W. Kantoff, J.W. Denham, Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA: Lancet Oncol 2012;13:189-95 [Epub;2011, November 21].

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Urol Oncol. 2012 Sep;30(5):745. doi: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2012.06.005.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.urolonc.2012.06.005

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Trump DL

 

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[761]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Influence of vitamin D on cisplatin sensitivity in testicular germ cell cancer-derived cell lines and in a NTera2 xenograft model.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2012 Oct 23. pii: S0960-0760(12)00208-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2012.10.008.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.jsbmb.2012.10.008

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Jorgensen A; Blomberg Jensen M; Nielsen JE; Juul A; Rajpert-De Meyts E

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - The active form of vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (1,25(OH)(2)D(3)) has anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic, and pro-differentiating effects in somatic cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) also augments the anti-tumor effects of several chemotherapeutic agents, including cisplatin, which may have clinical relevance. Given the pro-differentiation effect of vitamin D recently demonstrated in testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs), we hypothesized that 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) could be a beneficial adjunctive to existing chemotherapy regime  used to treat these tumors. In this study, cell survival effects of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3), another pro-differentiation compound, retinoic acid and cisplatin were investigated in TGCT-derived cell lines in vitro. 1,25(OH)(2)D(3)  augmented the effect of cisplatin in an embryonal carcinoma-derived cell line (NTera2), possibly through downregulation of pluripotency genes and simultaneous  upregulation of the cell cycle regulators p21, p27, p53, p73 and FOXO1, while no  significant effects were found in TCam-2 and 2102Ep cell lines (derived from seminoma and embryonal carcinoma, respectively). Anti-tumor effects of cholecalciferol, 1,25(OH)(2)D(3), and cisplatin were subsequently tested in vivo, in a NTera2 xenograft tumor model in nude mice. In xenograft tumors, co-treatment with 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) and cisplatin resulted in downregulation of OCT4 and simultaneous upregulation of p21 and p73, but did not reduce tumor growth significantly more than cisplatin alone. Also, cholecalciferol supplemented diet  (1100IU daily) after tumor formation did not increase cisplatin sensitivity in vivo. In conclusion, addition of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) augmented the antitumor effect of cisplatin monotherapy in vitro, but not in this in vivo testicular germ cell cancer model. Future studies are needed to investigate potential beneficial effects of vitamin D with lower cisplatin doses, and to determine whether 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) may increase cisplatin sensitivity in chemotherapy-resistant TGCTs. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled ‘Vitamin D Workshop’.

 

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[762]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Reagent-less electrogenerated chemiluminescence peptide-based biosensor for the determination of prostate-specific antigen.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Talanta. 2012 Oct 15;100:162-7. doi: 10.1016/j.talanta.2012.08.037. Epub 2012 Sep 1.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.talanta.2012.08.037

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Qi H; Wang C; Qiu X; Gao Q; Zhang C

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, PR China. honglanqi@snnu.edu.cn

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - A novel electrogenerated chemiluminescence peptide-based (ECL-PB) biosensor for highly sensitive and selective determination of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) was developed. A helix peptide (CHSSKLQK) was served as a molecular recognition element and ruthenium bis(2,2’-bipyridine) (2,2’-bipyridine-4,4’-dicarboxylic acid)-N-hydroxysuccinimide ester (Ru(bpy)(2)(dcbpy)NHS) was used as an ECL label. The helix peptide was labeled with the ECL label at NH(2)-containing lysine and utilized as ECL probe (Ru-peptide). The ECL-PB biosensor was fabricated by immobilizing the ECL probe onto a gold electrode surface via self-assembling technique through a thiol-containing cysteine at the end of the peptide. The principle of ECL measurement is based on the specific proteolytic cleavage event  of Ru-peptide on the gold electrode surface in the presence of PSA, resulting in  a decrease of ECL signal. The decreased ECL intensity was directly linear to the  concentration of PSA in the range from 1.0x10(-10) g/mL to 8.0x10(-9) g/mL with a detection limit of 3.8x10(-11) g/mL. This work demonstrates that the direct transduction of peptide cleavage events into an ECL signal provides a simple and  sensitive method for detecting target protein.

 

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[763]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - A novel technique to limit renal warm ischaemia time during laparoscopic partial  nephrectomy.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - BJU Int. 2012 Oct;110(8):1216-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2012.10589.x.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1111/j.1464-410X.2012.10589.x

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Sapre N; Corcoran NM; Costello AJ; Agarwal D

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.

 

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[764]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Kidney tumor growth prediction by coupling reaction-diffusion and biomechanical model.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 2013 Jan;60(1):169-73. doi: 10.1109/TBME.2012.2222027. Epub 2012 Oct 2.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1109/TBME.2012.2222027

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Chen X; Summers RM; Yao J

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou City, Jiangsu 215006, China. xjchen@suda.edu.cn

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - It is desirable to predict the tumor growth rate so that appropriate treatment can be planned in the early stage. Previously, we proposed a finite-element-method (FEM)-based 3-D kidney tumor growth prediction system using longitudinal images. A reaction-diffusion model was applied as the tumor growth model. In this paper, we not only improve the tumor growth model by coupling the  reaction-diffusion model with a biomechanical model, but also take the surrounding tissues into account. Different diffusion and biomechanical properties are applied for different tissue types. An FEM is employed to simulate the coupled tumor growth model. Model parameters are estimated by optimizing an objective function of overlap accuracy using a hybrid optimization parallel search package. The proposed method was tested with kidney CT images of eight tumors from five patients with seven time points. The experimental results showed that the performance of the proposed method improved greatly compared to our previous work.

 

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[765]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Huge Testicular Lymphoma on 2-Deoxy-2-[18F]Fluoro-D-Glucose Positron Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Am J Med Sci. 2012 Nov 26.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1097/MAJ.0b013e318271c04d

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Shen YY; Hsieh TC; Yen KY; Kao CH

 

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[766]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Diagnostic tests in urology: percentage of free prostate-specific antigen (PSA).

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - BJU Int. 2013 Apr;111(4):683-5. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11446.x. Epub 2012  Oct 29.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11446.x

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Yi Y; Breau RH; Witiuk K; Neuberger MM; Dahm P

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - WHAT’S KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT? AND WHAT DOES THE STUDY ADD?: Free to total PSA ratios are commonly used as an adjunct to total PSA levels to better define an individual’s risk for prostate cancer; however, its strengths and weaknesses are  not well understood. This article illustrates the use of likelihood ratios that can be generated from the reported sensitivities and specificities from given free to total PSA thresholds in either increasing or decreasing an individual patient’s probability of prostate cancer. Understanding the strengths and limitations of free to total PSA testing will help clinicians anticipate whether  its use is indicated or not.

 

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[767]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Isolated primary testicular B lymphoblastic lymphoma: an unusual presentation.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2013 Mar;35(2):e88-90. doi: 10.1097/MPH.0b013e318271c470.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1097/MPH.0b013e318271c470

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Garcia AV; Alobeid B; Traina JM; Chen SS; Weiner MA; Middlesworth W

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Surgery, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA. alg2025@columbia.edu

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common cancer in children and adolescents. Clinical presentation often reflects bone marrow involvement and consequences of bone marrow failure. Microscopic involvement of the testis is rare, occurring in about 2% of cases. We present a case of a 3-year-old child who displayed unilateral macroorchidism as the only clinical symptom of ALL. Although the patient presented with localized disease, he was treated with systemic chemotherapy without recurrence. In this report, we review the current literature on ALL testicular involvement, diagnosis, and treatment.

 

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[768]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - A 5-year retrospective analysis of 5alpha-reductase inhibitors in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia: finasteride has comparable urinary symptom efficacy and prostate volume reduction, but less sexual side effects and breast complications  than dutasteride.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Int J Clin Pract. 2012 Nov;66(11):1052-5. doi: 10.1111/j.1742-1241.2012.03010.x.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1111/j.1742-1241.2012.03010.x

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Kaplan SA; Chung DE; Lee RK; Scofield S; Te AE

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, 10065 NY, USA. kaplans@med.cornell.edu

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - OBJECTIVE: We evaluated 5-year safety, efficacy and prostate volume data from BPH patients treated with finasteride or dutasteride. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 378 consecutive men treated with 5alpha-reductase inhibitor monotherapy between January 2004 and September 2009 (197 on finasteride and 211 on dutasteride) in a single clinic was performed. Efficacy assessments included International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), peak urinary flow rate (Qmax), postvoid residual urine volume (PVR), prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and prostate volume (PV). Safety assessments included International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) and adverse events. Patients were evaluated at 3 months, 1 year and yearly thereafter. RESULTS: Mean age of the group was 58.7 +/- 6.7 years. Maintenance of therapy at 5 years was 57.4% and 42.5% for the finasteride and dutasteride groups respectively. Changes in IPSS, Qmax, PVR, PV and PSA were similar for both groups at 5 years. The incidence of erectile dysfunction, ejaculatory dysfunction and decreased libido resulting in discontinuation from therapy was significantly (p < 0.01) higher in the dutasteride (5.1%, 2.4%, 2.7%  respectively) compared with the finasteride (2.1%, 1.8%, 1.4% respectively) group. In addition, the incidence of self-reported breast tenderness and/or enlargement was significantly (p < 0.01) greater in the dutasteride (3.5%) compared with the finasteride (1.2%) group. CONCLUSIONS: In this retrospective analysis of data from consecutive patients treated at a single clinic, both finasteride and dutasteride were effective therapies for the management of lower  urinary tract symptoms. However, dutasteride resulted in significantly more sexual side effects and breast complications than finasteride.

 

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[769]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - A right atrial mass—but where is it coming from?

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Br J Radiol. 2012 Dec;85(1020):1581-3. doi: 10.1259/bjr/20189031.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1259/bjr/20189031

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Hughes-Roberts Y; White SK; Collinson J; Mohiaddin RM

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Radiology, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK. ynyr@mac.com

 

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[770]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - New models of follow-up in prostate cancer: a role for information technology?

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - BJU Int. 2012 Nov;110(9):1224-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11443.x. Epub 2012 Oct 8.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11443.x

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Nanton V; Dale J

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Warwick Medical School, University Of Warwick, Coventry, UK. V.Nanton@warwick.ac.uk

 

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[771]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Robot-assisted laparoscopic enucleation of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - BJU Int. 2012 Nov;110(9):1388-405. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11603.x.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11603.x

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Thuroff JW; Leicht W; Kamal MM; Hampel C

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany. Joachim.Thueroff@unimedizinmainz.de

 

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[772]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Prostate brachytherapy training with simulated ultrasound and fluoroscopy images.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 2013 Apr;60(4):1002-12. doi: 10.1109/TBME.2012.2222642. Epub 2012 Oct 3.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1109/TBME.2012.2222642

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Goksel O; Sapchuk K; Morris WJ; Salcudean SE

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - In this paper, a novel computer-based virtual training system for prostate brachytherapy is presented. This system incorporates, in a novel way, prior methodologies of ultrasound image synthesis and haptic transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) transducer interaction in a complete simulator that allows a trainee to maneuver the needle and the TRUS, to see the resulting patient-specific images and feel the interaction forces. The simulated TRUS images reflect the volumetric tissue deformation and comprise validated appearance models for the needle and implanted seeds. Rendered haptic forces use validated models for needle shaft flexure and friction, tip cutting, and deflection due to bevel. This paper also presents additional new features that make the simulator complete, in the sense that all aspects of the brachytherapy procedure as practiced at many cancer centers are simulated, including simulations of seed unloading, fluoroscopy imaging, and transversal/sagittal TRUS plane switching. For real-time rendering,  methods for fast TRUS-needle-seed image formation are presented. In addition, the simulator computes real-time dosimetry, allowing a trainee to immediately see the consequence of planning changes. The simulation is also patient specific, as it allows the user to import the treatment plan for a patient together with the imaging data in order for a physician to practice an upcoming procedure or for a  medical resident to train using typical implant scenarios or rarely encountered cases.

 

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[773]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Technical note: variation in muscle mass in wild chimpanzees: application of a modified urinary creatinine method.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Am J Phys Anthropol. 2012 Dec;149(4):622-7. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.22157. Epub 2012 Oct 17.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1002/ajpa.22157

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Emery Thompson M; Muller MN; Wrangham RW

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA. memery@unm.edu

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Individual body size and composition are important variables for a variety of questions about the behavioral ecology and life histories of non-human primates.  Standard methodologies for obtaining body mass involve either capture, which poses risks to the subject, or provisioning, which can disrupt the processes being studied. There are no methods currently available to assess body composition from living animals in the wild. Because of its derivation in muscle, the amount of creatinine that an individual excretes in 24 hours is a reliable and frequently used indicator of relative muscle mass in humans and laboratory animals. Although it is not feasible to collect 24-hour urine samples from wild primates, we apply here a simple method to approximate muscle mass variation from collections of spot urine samples. Specific gravity (SG), an alternative method for assessing urinary water content, is both highly correlated to creatinine and  free of mass-dependent effects. Individuals with greater muscle mass should excrete more creatinine for a given SG. We examine this relationship in a dataset of 12,598 urine samples from wild chimpanzees in the Kibale National Park, Uganda. As expected from known differences in body composition, the slope of the  relationship between SG and creatinine is significantly greater in adult males than adult females and in adults versus immature individuals. Growth curves generated through this method closely approximate published weight curves for wild chimpanzees. Consistent with the role of testosterone in muscle anabolism, urinary testosterone predicted relative creatinine excretion among adult male chimpanzees.

 

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[774]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Changes in apparent diffusion coefficient and T2 relaxation during radiotherapy for prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Magn Reson Imaging. 2013 Apr;37(4):909-16. doi: 10.1002/jmri.23885. Epub 2012 Oct 23.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1002/jmri.23885

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Foltz WD; Wu A; Chung P; Catton C; Bayley A; Milosevic M; Bristow R; Warde P; Simeonov A; Jaffray DA; Haider MA; Menard C

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Hospital, and Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. warren.foltz@rmp.uhn.on.ca.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: To evaluate regional and temporal changes in apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and T2 relaxation during radiation therapy (RT) in patients with low and intermediate risk localized prostate cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS:  Seventeen patients enrolled on a prospective clinical trial where MRI was acquired every 2 weeks throughout eight weeks of image-guided prostate IMRT (78 Gy/39 fractions). ADC and T2 quantification used entire prostate, central gland,  benign peripheral zone, and tumor-dense regions-of-interest, and mean values were evaluated for common response trends. RESULTS: Overall, the RT responses were greater than volunteer measurement repeatability, and week 6 appeared to be an optimum time-point for early detection. RT effects on the entire prostate were best detected using ADC (5-7% by week 2, P < 0.0125), effects on peripheral zone  were best detected using T2 (19% reduction at week 6; P = 0.004) and effects on tumors were best detected using ADC (14% elevation at week 6; P = 0.004). CONCLUSION: ADC and T2 may be candidate biomarkers of early response to RT warranting further investigation against clinical outcomes. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;37:909-916. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

 

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[775]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Renal Metanephric Adenoma Mimicking Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma on Computed Tomography: A Case Report.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Urol Int. 2012 Oct 17.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1159/000341940

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Masuda A; Kamai T; Mizuno T; Kambara T; Abe H; Tomita S; Fukabori Y; Yamanishi T; Kaji Y; Yoshida KI

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Japan.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - We present a case of renal metanephric adenoma (MA) mimicking papillary renal cell carcinoma (PRCC) on computed tomography (CT). In the present case, double-phase enhanced CT showed a hypovascular right renal tumor with gradual and prolonged enhancement. The renal tumor was surgically removed. Histological examination of the resected specimen showed renal MA. Although the radiological features of renal MA have been described by some authors, only a few reports have mentioned the pattern of enhancement on multiphase enhanced CT. The pattern of enhancement of a renal tumor is likely to be correlated with its pathological features. Since renal MA is thought to be genetically related to PRCC, these two  tumors are likely to demonstrate similar radiological features, so that differentiating between them becomes difficult. In patients with a hypovascular renal mass that shows gradual and prolonged enhancement on multiphase enhanced CT, the diagnosis of renal MA should be considered.

 

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[776]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - The inhibition of human bladder cancer growth by calcium carbonate/CaIP6 nanocomposite particles delivering AIB1 siRNA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Biomaterials. 2013 Jan;34(4):1246-54. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.09.068. Epub 2012 Nov 3.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.biomaterials.2012.09.068

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Wei J; Cheang T; Tang B; Xia H; Xing Z; Chen Z; Fang Y; Chen W; Xu A; Wang S; Luo J

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Previously, we reported that inorganic amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) hybrid nanospheres functionalized with Ca(II)-IP6 compound (CaIP6) is a promising gene vector in vitro. Here, nonviral gene carrier, ACC/CaIP6 nanocomposite particles (NPACC/CaIP6), was evaluated for efficient in vitro and in vivo delivery of small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting human Amplified in breast cancer 1 (AIB1). The  nanoparticle is capable of forming ACC/CaIP6 nanoparticle-siRNA complexes and transferring siRNA into targeted cells with high transfection efficiency. Meanwhile the ACC/CaIP6 nanoparticle-siRNA complexes have no obvious cytotoxicity for human bladder cancer T24 cells. Furthermore, NPACC/CaIP6 effectively protected the encapsulated siRNA from degradation, AIB1 knockdown mediated by ACC/CaIP6/siRNA complexes transfection resulted in cells proliferation inhibition, apoptosis induction and cell cycle arrest in vitro. NPACC/CaIP6 exhibited well tissues penetrability in localized siRNA delivering, intratumoral  injection of NPACC/CaIP6/siAIB1 could attenuate tumor growth and downregulation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in vivo. We conclude that ACC/CaIP6 nanoparticle is a promising system for effective delivery of siRNA for cancer gene therapy.

 

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[777]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Urothelial Bladder Carcinoma with Choriocarcinomatous Differentiation Presenting  with a False-Positive Pregnancy Test.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Am J Med Sci. 2012 Nov 8.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1097/MAJ.0b013e318270d0f9

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Rajabi B; Khoury J; Brewer C; Goodman OB Jr

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Division of Medical Oncology (BR, OBG), University of Nevada School of Medicine/University of California San Diego Nevada Cancer Institute, Las Vegas, Nevada; Department of Hemapathology (JK), MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, Texas; and University Medical Center of Southern Nevada (CB),  Las Vegas, Nevada.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - ABSTRACT:: Urothelial carcinoma of the bladder with choriocarcinomatous features  is a rare presentation among genitourinary cancers. In this study, the case of a  42-year-old woman who presented with menstrual irregularity and positive urine and serum beta-human chorionic gonadotropin tests is presented. Pelvic ultrasound showed no intrauterine pregnancy. Laparoscopy and hysteroscopy with dilatation and curettage were negative for evidence of trophoblastic tissue. Computed tomography of the abdomen and pelvis showed an intravesical fundal mass, with no  evidence of extravesical disease. Cystoscopy and transurethral resection of the bladder tumor diagnosed an invasive high-grade urothelial carcinoma with trophoblastic differentiation and multiple foci of choriocarcinomatous morphology. The patient received 3 cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with methotrexate, vinblastine, adriamycin and cisplatin and then underwent partial cystectomy, which was negative for any residual tumor. This is the first reported case of a positive urine pregnancy test leading to the diagnosis of urothelial carcinoma.

 

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[778]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - MRI-ultrasound fusion for guidance of targeted prostate biopsy.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Curr Opin Urol. 2013 Jan;23(1):43-50. doi: 10.1097/MOU.0b013e32835ad3ee.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1097/MOU.0b013e32835ad3ee

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Marks L; Young S; Natarajan S

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA. lmarks@mednet.ucla.edu

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Prostate cancer (CaP) may be detected on MRI. Fusion of MRI with ultrasound allows urologists to progress from blind, systematic biopsies to  biopsies, which are mapped, targeted and tracked. We herein review the current status of prostate biopsy via MRI/ultrasound fusion. RECENT FINDINGS: Three methods of fusing MRI for targeted biopsy have been recently described: MRI-ultrasound fusion, MRI-MRI fusion (‘in-bore’ biopsy) and cognitive fusion. Supportive data are emerging for the fusion devices, two of which received US Food and Drug Administration approval in the past 5 years: Artemis (Eigen, USA) and Urostation (Koelis, France). Working with the Artemis device in more than 600 individuals, we found that targeted biopsies are two to three times more sensitive for detection of CaP than nontargeted systematic biopsies; nearly 40% of men with Gleason score of at least 7 CaP are diagnosed only by targeted biopsy; nearly 100% of men with highly suspicious MRI lesions are diagnosed with  CaP; ability to return to a prior biopsy site is highly accurate (within 1.2 +/-  1.1 mm); and targeted and systematic biopsies are twice as accurate as systematic biopsies alone in predicting whole-organ disease. SUMMARY: In the future, MRI-ultrasound fusion for lesion targeting is likely to result in fewer and more  accurate prostate biopsies than the present use of systematic biopsies with ultrasound guidance alone.

 

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[779]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy: an alternative to retrograde intrarenal surgery and shockwave lithotripsy.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - World J Urol. 2012 Oct 11.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s00345-012-0962-6

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Kruck S; Anastasiadis AG; Herrmann TR; Walcher U; Abdelhafez MF; Nicklas AP; Holzle L; Schilling D; Bedke J; Stenzl A; Nagele U

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, University of Tuebingen, Tubingen, Germany.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: There is a lack of studies comparing shock wave lithotripsy (SWL), retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) and minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy (MIP) in renal stone treatment. This study compared treatment outcome, stone-free rate (SFR) and stone-free survival (SFS) with regard to stone size and localization. METHODS: This analysis included 482 first-time-treated patients in the period 2001-2007. Detailed clinical information, stone analysis and metabolic evaluation were evaluated retrospectively. Outcome, SFR and SFS were analyzed with regard to size (<1 vs. >/=1 cm) and localization (lower vs. non-lower pole). RESULTS: Higher SFRs in lower and non-lower pole stones >/=1 cm  were confirmed for RIRS and MIP (p < 0.0001). A regression model confirmed a higher risk of non-lower pole stone persistence for SWL versus RIRS (OR: 2.27, p  = 0.034, SWL vs. MIP (OR: 3.23, p = 0.009) and larger stone burden >/=1 versus <1 cm (OR: 2.43, p = 0.006). In accordance, a higher risk of residual stones was found in the lower pole for SWL versus RIRS (OR: 2.67, p = 0.009), SWL versus MIP (OR: 4.75, p < 0.0001) and stones >/=1 cm versus <1 cm (OR: 3.02, p = 0.0006). In RIRS and MIP patients, more complications, stenting, prolonged disability, need/duration of hospitalization and analgesia were noticed (p < 0.05). Overall SFS increased from SWL, RIRS, to MIP (p < 0.001). SWL showed lower SFS for non-lower pole (p = 0.006) and lower pole stones (p = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS: RIRS and MIP were shown to have higher stone-free rates and SFS compared to SWL. The price for better outcome was higher, considering tolerable complication rates. Despite larger preoperative stone burden, MIP achieved high and long-term treatment success.

 

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[780]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Tubulocystic renal carcinoma (low grade collecting duct carcinoma).

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Arch Esp Urol. 2012 Nov;65(9):841-4.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Carrion Lopez P; Martinez Ruiz J; Fernandez Anguita PJ; Martinez Sanchiz C; Peran Teruel M; Atienzar Tobarra M; Virseda Rodriguez JA

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Urology Department, Hospital General Albacete, España. pedrocarrion1980@hotmail.com

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - OBJECTIVE: To report a case of tubulocystic renal carcinoma diagnosed in an adult, after a work up study for hematuria. METHODS/RESULTS: 59-year-old male, CT scan was performed during a study for self-limited hematuria showing a 4.2 cm solid mass with areas suspicious of pseudocystic malignancy. Due to its debut with hematuria and renal sinus involvement laparoscopic radical nephrectomy was performed, establishing the diagnosis of tubulocystic carcinoma (low grade collecting duct carcinoma). CONCLUSION: Tubulocystic carcinoma presents histological characteristics and a natural history that makes it different from the classic type of Bellini duct carcinoma, the latter being a rapidly growing tumor with poor prognosis which is usually diagnosed in advanced stages.

 

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[781]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - A Single Fasting Plasma 5-HIAA Value Correlates With 24-Hour Urinary 5-HIAA Values and Other Biomarkers in Midgut Neuroendocrine Tumors (NETs).

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Pancreas. 2013 Apr;42(3):405-10. doi: 10.1097/MPA.0b013e318271c0d5.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1097/MPA.0b013e318271c0d5

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Tellez MR; Mamikunian G; O’Dorisio TM; Vinik AI; Woltering EA

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - From the *Inter Science Institute, Inglewood, CA; daggerDivision of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; double daggerStrelitz Diabetes Institute, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA; and section signSection  of Surgical Endocrinology, Department of Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - OBJECTIVES: 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) is used for the evaluation of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) but currently requires a 24-hour urine collection. METHODS: We developed a gas chromatography mass spectroscopy-based plasma 5-HIAA  assay. We compared 24-hour urine 5-HIAA values against plasma 5-HIAA values in 115 mixed-variety patients with NETs and in a subset of 72 patients with only small bowel NETs. We also compared the information gained from urinary and plasma 5-HIAA values with other biomarkers of midgut NET activity to determine the plasma assay’s clinical implications. RESULTS: In a group of 115 patients with all types of NETS, in a subset of patients with midgut NET and in a subgroup of midgut NETS with liver metastasis, the correlation between the urine and fasting  plasma 5-HIAA values were statistically significant (P </= 0.0001). Comparison of the proportion of normal or abnormal urinary and plasma 5-HIAA values to the proportion of chromogranin, serotonin, neurokinin, or pancreastatin values that were in the normal or abnormal range yielded essentially identical information. CONCLUSIONS: Plasma fasting 5-HIAA values are proportional to urinary 5-HIAA values and yielded identical clinical correlation with other biomarkers.

 

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[782]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Renal pelvis tumour.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Arch Esp Urol. 2012 Nov;65(9):851.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Garrido Abad P; Gomez de Vicente JM; Suarez Fonseca C; Herranz Fernandez LM; Jimenez Galvez M; Fernandez Arjona M

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Urology Department, Hospital del Henares, Coslada, Madrid, España. pgabad@hotmail.com

 

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[783]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Targeted biopsy based on ADC map in the detection and localization of prostate cancer: A feasibility study.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Magn Reson Imaging. 2012 Nov 16. doi: 10.1002/jmri.23908.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1002/jmri.23908

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Watanabe Y; Nagayama M; Araki T; Terai A; Okumura A; Amoh Y; Ishimori T; Nakashita S; Dodo Y

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Radiology, Kurashiki Central Hospital, Kurashiki, Japan. yw5904@kchnet.or.jp.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: To investigate the feasibility of targeted biopsy based on an apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) map in the detection and localization of prostate cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study included 288 consecutive patients with  high or increasing serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels who underwent prostatic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination with an ADC map. Four core-targeted biopsies of low ADC lesions were performed under transrectal-ultrasound guidance with reference to ADC map. The positive predictive values (PPVs) of low ADC lesions were calculated and compared for the  peripheral zone (PZ), transition zone (TZ), and anterior portion, respectively. Comparisons of ADC values and sizes between malignant and nonmalignant lesions were also performed. RESULTS: A total of 313 low ADC lesions were detected in 195 patients and sampled by targeted biopsies. The PPVs were 55.3% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 50-61) in total, 61.0% (95% CI: 53-69) for PZ, 50.6% (95% CI: 43-58) for TZ, and 90.9% (95% CI: 81-100) for the anterior portion. The most common nonmalignant pathology of low ADC lesions was hyperplasia, followed by chronic prostatitis. There were significant differences in ADC values and sizes between malignant and nonmalignant low ADC lesions. CONCLUSION: Targeted biopsies could be capable of detecting cancers well wherever they may be in the prostate,  although the PPVs varied depending on the location of low ADC lesions. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012. Esta es una cita bibliográfica que va por delante de la publicación en papel. La fecha indicada en la cita provista, NO corresponde con la fecha o la cita bibliográfica de la publicación en papel. La cita bibliográfica definitiva (con el volumen y su paginación) saldrá en 1 ó 2 meses a partir de la fecha de la emisión electrónica-online. *** This is a bibliographic record ahead of the paper publication. The given date in the bibliographic record does not correspond to the date or the bibliographic citation on the paper publication. The publisher will provide the final bibliographic citation (with the volume, and pagination) within 1 or 2 months from the date the record was published online. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

 

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[784]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Malignant tumors of the penis.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Dermatol Surg. 2013 Apr;39(4):527-47. doi: 10.1111/dsu.12029. Epub 2012 Nov 16.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1111/dsu.12029

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Brady KL; Mercurio MG; Brown MD

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Dermatology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Although penile cancer is rare in developed countries, it occurs more frequently in other parts of the world and causes significant morbidity and mortality. OBJECTIVE: To review the current literature on the pathogenesis, risk  factors, clinical presentation, staging, and treatment of premalignant and malignant tumors of the penis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A literature review using PubMed was conducted searching for articles on penile malignancies. RESULTS: The  majority of penile cancers are in situ or invasive squamous cell carcinomas, although other rare tumors of the penis occur, such as melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, extramammary Paget’s disease, and soft tissue sarcomas. CONCLUSION: Physicians should be aware of the risk factors and clinical presentation of penile malignancies because early diagnosis is essential in effective management  and cure. Accurate staging is imperative for risk stratification and treatment planning. Depending on the type of tumor, size of tumor, location, staging, and grading, treatment modalities vary and may include topical chemotherapy, surgical excision, Mohs micrographic surgery, laser excision or ablation, systemic chemotherapy, and radiotherapy.

 

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[785]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Dietary antioxidant, quercetin, protects sertoli-germ cell coculture from atrazine-induced oxidative damage.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Biochem Mol Toxicol. 2012 Nov;26(11):477-85. doi: 10.1002/jbt.21449. Epub 2012  Nov 6.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1002/jbt.21449

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Abarikwu SO; Pant AB; Farombi EO

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Chemical Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Redeemer’s University, Redemption City, Ogun State, Nigeria. abarikwus@run.edu.ng

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Quercetin (QT), a dietary-derived flavonoid, is ubiquitous in fruits and vegetables and plays an important role in human health by virtue of its antioxidant function. The present study was designed to examine the effects of QT on oxidative damage that was induced by the herbicide, atrazine (ATZ), in mixed cultures of Sertoli-germ cells. Results showed that treatment with QT increased cell viability and decreased catalase activity, malondialdehyde, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. QT treatment also increased the mRNA expression of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione-S-transferase, and superoxide dismutase-1 and could not reversed to the control levels ATZ-induced steady-state mRNA levels of these antioxidant genes as well as the level of glutathione and activities of GSH-Px and GR. QT has protective effect against ATZ-induced oxidative stress through a reduction in ROS levels and lipid peroxidation.

 

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[786]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Generation of potent cytotoxic T lymphocytes against castration-resistant prostate cancer cells by dendritic cells loaded with dying allogeneic prostate cancer cells.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Scand J Immunol. 2013 Feb;77(2):117-24. doi: 10.1111/sji.12007.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1111/sji.12007

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Hwang EC; Lim MS; Im CM; Kwon DD; Lee HJ; Nguyen-Pham TN; Lee YK; Lee JJ

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Jeollanamdo, Korea.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - To induce a potent cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response in dendritic cell (DC)-based immunotherapy against prostate cancer, various tumour antigens should  be loaded onto DCs. The aim of this study was to establish a method of immunotherapy for castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) using prostate cancer-specific CTLs generated in vitro by DCs. Monocyte-derived DCs from patients with CRPC were induced to mature using a standard cytokine cocktail (in  IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, IL-6 and PGE(2) : standard DCs, sDCs) or using an alpha-type 1-polarized DC (alphaDC1) cocktail (in IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, IFN-alpha, IFN-gamma  and polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid) and loaded with the UVB-irradiated CRPC cell line PC-3. Antigen-loaded DCs were evaluated by morphological and functional assays. The alphaDC1s significantly increased the expression of several molecules related to DC maturation, regardless of whether the alphaDC1s were loaded with tumour antigens or not, compared to sDCs. The alphaDC1s showed a higher production of interleukin-12 both during maturation and after subsequent stimulation with CD40L, which was not significantly affected by loading with tumour antigens, as compared to standard DCs (sDCs). Prostate cancer-specific CTLs against autologous CRPC cells were successfully induced by alphaDC1s loaded  with dying PC-3 cells. Autologous alphaDC1s loaded with an allogeneic CRPC cell line can generate greater CRPC-specific CTL responses as compared to sDCs and may provide a novel source of DC-based vaccines that can be used for the development  of immunotherapy in patients with CRPC.

 

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[787]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Impact of the introduction of a robotic training programme on prostate cancer stage migration at a single tertiary referral centre.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - BJU Int. 2012 Nov 13. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11464.x.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11464.x

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Briganti A; Bianchi M; Sun M; Suardi N; Gallina A; Abdollah F; Bertini R; Colombo R; Girolamo VD; Salonia A; Scattoni V; Karakiewicz PI; Guazzoni G; Rigatti P; Montorsi F

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Vita-Salute University, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - WHAT’S KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT? AND WHAT DOES THE STUDY ADD?: Previous studies have  retrospectively compared functional and oncological outcomes between robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) and open retropubic radical prostatectomy (RRP), reporting non-inferior or superior outcomes associated with  the use of the robotic approach. The study demonstrates that baseline selection biases makes comparisons of RARP and RRP problematic. Patients treated with RARP  may have significantly better baseline characteristics than patients treated with RRP. Indeed, when both facilities are available within the same centre, patients  with the most favourable clinical and cancer profile are inherently selected to RARP. In the absence of a prospective randomized trial, the decision to prefer one approach over another should be tailored according to each single patient and surgeon. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the trend in robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) and open retropubic radical prostatectomy (RRP) use over time and to compare preoperative and pathological characteristics of patients treated with RARP or RRP at a single centre. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between 2006 and 2010, 2511 consecutive patients treated with RP, with or without pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND), for prostate cancer (PCa) at a single tertiary care centre were analysed. Baseline patient characteristics and PCa risk distribution were compared according to treatment type (RRP vs RARP) in the overall population, as  well as in three surgeons’ initial 50 RARP and three surgeons’ initial 50 RRP cases (n = 300). We used a chi-squared trend test to evaluate the differences in  treatment type administration over time according to PCa characteristics. Logistic regression analyses focused on the prediction of PLND and adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) use. RESULTS: Overall, 1873 (74.6%) and 638 (25.4%) patients underwent RRP and RARP, respectively. Men treated with RARP were younger (mean age: 62 vs 65 years), less obese (mean BMI: 24.8 vs 26.4 kg/m(2) ), healthier (Charlson comorbidity index = 0: 68.7 vs 53.3%) and more likely to harbour clinical low-risk PCa (51 vs 30%) than their RRP counterparts (all P < 0.001). Similar findings were observed in sub-analyses focusing on six surgeons’ 50 initial patients (all P </= 0.02). A significant increase in the rate of patients with low-risk PCa treated with RARP vs RRP was reported over time (5 vs 95% and 66 vs 34% in 2006 and 2010, respectively). Conversely, 76% of patients with high  risk PCa were still treated with RRP in 2010. Patients treated with RARP were less likely to receive PLND at RP and adjuvant RT (all P </= 0.01), even after adjusting for clinical and PCa characteristics. CONCLUSIONS: The introduction of  a robotic training programme at a high volume centre led to significant patient selection in terms of clinical and PCa characteristics. When both RRP and RARP facilities are available within the same centre, patients with the most favourable clinical and cancer profile are selected to undergo RARP. Use of RARP  negatively influenced the rates and the extent of PLND as well as the use of adjuvant RT after surgery. Thus, baseline patient selection, surgical and treatment biases make any comparisons of RARP with RRP problematic.

 

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[788]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Testicular and testicular adnexa tumors in the elderly.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Anticancer Drugs. 2013 Mar;24(3):228-36. doi: 10.1097/CAD.0b013e32835a3598.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1097/CAD.0b013e32835a3598

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Gigantino V; La Mantia E; Franco R; Cecere S; Rossetti S; Di Napoli M; Pisano C; Berretta M; Galzerano A; Botti G; Pignata S; Facchini G

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Pathology Unit, National Cancer Institute, IRCCS - Fondazione Giovanni Pascale, 80131 Naples, Italy.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Neoplasms in the testis and in the testicular adnexa of elderly patients are completely different from those observed in younger patients. Indeed, although conventional seminomas and nonseminomas are mainly observed in the age range of 20-45 years, spermatocytic seminoma, malignant Leydig tumors, and lymphomas in the testis and sarcomas in the paratesticular region are encountered in individuals older than 60 years of age. Here, we discuss the testis and paratesticular region neoplasm more commonly diagnosed in elderly men.

 

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[789]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Zinc alpha2-glycoprotein as a potential novel urine biomarker for the early diagnosis of prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - BJU Int. 2012 Dec;110(11 Pt B):E688-93. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11501.x. Epub 2012 Sep 28.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11501.x

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Katafigiotis I; Tyritzis SI; Stravodimos KG; Alamanis C; Pavlakis K; Vlahou A; Makridakis M; Katafigioti A; Garbis SD; Constantinides CA

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Athens University Medical School - LAIKO Hospital Department of Pathology, Athens University Medical School Department of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece Division of Cancer Sciences, Southampton Medical School, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Study Type - Diagnosis (exploratory cohort) Level of Evidence 2b What’s known on  the subject? and What does the study add? The use of biomarkers to detect a cancer early, especially prostate cancer, is not a new idea and PSA has been proved to be the best biomarker for the early diagnosis of prostate cancer. Since the introduction and wide use of PSA various efforts have been made to find novel biomarkers in both serum and urine of individuals at high risk for prostate cancer. The best example of a biomarker detected in the urine after a vigorous digital rectal examination is PCA3, which is used mainly in the subgroup of patients with PSA 4-10 ng/mL whose prostate biopsy was repeatedly negative for prostate cancer in order to decide the performance or not of a new biopsy. Proteomics is a state of the art new biotechnology used to identify the proteome  of a certain tissue meaning the whole group of proteins related to the anatomy and biochemistry of the tissue. Using proteomics can effectively and more specifically identify proteins that can be used as potential biomarkers for the early diagnosis of prostate cancer. Zinc alpha2-glycoprotein has been studied in  the past as a protein related to cancer cachexia and it has been measured in both prostate tissue and serum in patients with prostate cancer. Zinc alpha2-glycoprotein has also been recently identified by proteomics in prostate tissue showing different values in patients with prostate cancer and benign prostate hyperplasia. It is the first time that zinc alpha2-glycoprotein has been systematically measured and studied in an easily obtained biological fluid such as urine showing a very optimistic potential both as a novel solo biomarker and as an adjunct to PSA for the early diagnosis of prostate cancer. PSA has revolutionized the way we approximate prostate cancer diagnosis. Even though PSA  is still the best biomarker for the diagnosis of prostate cancer it constitutes an organ-specific and not a disease-specific biomarker and diagnostic dilemmas are often raised concerning the performance or not of a prostate biopsy. Thus novel biomarkers are required in order to improve the diagnostic ability of PSA.  Increasingly in the literature it is stated that the future of prostate cancer diagnosis could be not a single biomarker but a band of different biomarkers that as a total could give the possibility of an individual having prostate cancer. By detecting and measuring zinc alpha2-glycoprotein in the urine we believe that interesting conclusions can be made: first that proteomics is the way to detect with accuracy proteins that could be proved to be valuable novel biomarkers; second that zinc alpha2-glycoprotein detected in the urine could be used both as  a solo biomarker and as an adjunct to PSA for the early diagnosis of prostate cancer. OBJECTIVE: * To examine the potential utility as a novel biomarker in the urine of zinc alpha2-glygoprotein (ZAG) for the early diagnosis of prostate cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: * The urine of 127 consecutive candidates for a transrectal ultrasound prostatic biopsy with a mean age of 65.7 +/- 8.7 years and mean PSA 9.1 +/- 5.3 ng/mL was collected. * Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry for ZAG were performed. * Receiver operating characteristic  curves and logistic regression models were used to estimate the predictive ability of ZAG and to determine the optimal sensitivity and specificity by using  various cut-off values for the prediction of prostate cancer. RESULTS: * In all,  42 patients had prostate cancer, 29 showed high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and 56 were negative. * Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed a significant predictive ability of ZAG for prostate cancer. The  area under the curve (AUC) for the prediction of prostate cancer was 0.68 (95% CI 0.59-0.78). * The combination of ZAG with PSA showed a significant improvement in the predictive ability (P= 0.010), with AUC equal to 0.75 (95% CI 0.66-0.85). Separate analysis in patients with PSA levels of 4-10 ng/mL (70.1%) showed that ZAG had a discriminative power with AUC equal to 0.68. * The optimal cut-off was  1.13 for ZAG, which corresponded to 6.88 times greater odds for prostate cancer.  CONCLUSIONS: * Urine detected ZAG showed promising results in the prediction of prostate cancer. * Further validation is required to establish ZAG as a novel biomarker.

 

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[790]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Measurement of reference intervals for urinary free adrenal steroid levels in Japanese newborn infants by using stable isotope dilution gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Clin Chim Acta. 2013 Jan 16;415:302-5. doi: 10.1016/j.cca.2012.11.006. Epub 2012  Nov 15.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.cca.2012.11.006

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Koyama Y; Homma K; Miwa M; Ikeda K; Murata M; Hasegawa T

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: In newborn infants, there are no reference intervals for urinary free steroids, which are thought to reflect the bioavailable fraction of steroids in the blood. We establish a method for simultaneous measurement of urinary free adrenal steroids such as pregnenolone, progesterone, 16alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, 21-deoxycortisone, 21-deoxycortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone, androstenedione, and 11beta-hydroxyandrostenedione by using stable isotope dilution gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (SID-GC/MS) and determined the reference intervals for urinary levels of free adrenal steroids in Japanese newborn infants. METHODS: Newborn pooled urine was used for  validation. Spot urine samples were collected from 67 full-term Japanese newborn  infants (34 male and 33 female infants) at 3-4 days of age to determine reference intervals. The extracted and purified free steroids were delivered with heptafluorobutyric anhydride and analyzed by SID-GC/MS. RESULTS: We validated a SID-GC/MS method with good repeatability and recovery rate. The preliminary reference intervals (median [range], mumol/mol creatinine) were as follows: pregnenolone, 4.2 (0.7-31.6); progesterone, 0.5 (not detected (n.d.)-0.6); 16alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, 1.4 (n.d.-10.3); 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, 1.1 (n.d.-1.9); 21-deoxycortisone, n.d. (n.d.-n.d.); 21-deoxycortisol, n.d. (n.d.-n.d.); dehydroepiandrosterone, 2.2 (0.6-27.3); androstenedione, 0.7 (n.d.-5.2); and 11beta-hydroxyandrostenedione, 2.9 (n.d.-26.7). CONCLUSIONS: We established a reliable SID-GC/MS method and were able to determine preliminary reference intervals for 9 urinary free adrenal steroids in newborn infants.

 

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[791]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Urethral cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 2012 Dec;26(6):1291-314. doi: 10.1016/j.hoc.2012.08.006.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.hoc.2012.08.006

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Grivas PD; Davenport M; Montie JE; Kunju LP; Feng F; Weizer AZ

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Urethral carcinoma is a rare tumor with predominantly poor survival. Both the disease and its treatment can affect both sexual and urinary function. The natural history of urethral carcinoma varies, therefore the appropriate application of surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy remain unknown. Management of this disease remains driven by individual clinician experience and data derived from small case series. This article discusses the histology and anatomy of the male and female urethra, as well as their natural history. In addition, the epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, staging, treatment, and future directions of management of cancer arising in the urethra are addressed.

 

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[792]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Bladder neck preservation during minimally invasive radical prostatectomy: a standardised technique using a lateral approach.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - BJU Int. 2012 Nov;110(10):1566-71. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11604.x.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11604.x

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Asimakopoulos AD; Mugnier C; Hoepffner JL; Piechaud T; Gaston R

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Clinique Saint Augustin, Bordeaux, France. tasospao2003@yahoo.com

 

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[793]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Weight of the resected specimen after transurethral resection as a new predictive variable for recurrence of non-muscle-invasive bladder tumour.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - BJU Int. 2013 Apr;111(4 Pt B):E196-201. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11588.x. Epub 2012 Oct 26.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11588.x

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - De La Pena E; Hernandez V; Blazquez C; Martin MD; Diaz FJ; Capitan C; Alemany I; Llorente C

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Departments of Urology Preventive Medicine Pathology, Hospital Universitario Fundacion Alcorcon, Madrid, España.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - What’s known on the subject? and What does the study add? Size is one of the currently used variables for predicting recurrence and progression of non-muscle-invasive bladder tumour (NMIBT), but size is subjective and not easy to measure. We evaluate a new and objective variable to replace size, not previously reported. We assess the weight of the transurethral resection specimen as a predictor of recurrence and progression and conclude that this outperforms size as a predictor of recurrence of NMIBT. OBJECTIVE: * To evaluate the role of  the weight of the resected specimen after transurethral resection as a predictive factor for recurrence and progression of non-muscle-invasive bladder tumour (NMIBT). PATIENTS AND METHODS: * The weight of the resected tumour was measured consecutively in 144 subjects who underwent transurethral resection of bladder tumours at our institution. The median (interquartile range [IQR]) follow-up was  58 (61.3) months. * The probability of recurrence and progression at 1 and 5 years were calculated using the currently accepted variables. * Thresholds for the specimen weight were determined according to percentiles and receiver-operating characteristic curves. RESULTS: * The median (IQR) weight of the specimen was 6 (16) g. * Multivariate analysis showed that the weight of the  resected specimen was an independent predictive risk factor for recurrence at a threshold value of 6 g with a hazard ratio of 1.7 (95% confidence interval: 1.048-2.761) P= 0.03. * Progression was not associated with the weight of the resected specimen. CONCLUSIONS: * The weight of the resected specimen is a new variable for predicting the risk of recurrence of NMIBT. * Tumours weighing >6 g, according to the present data, have a 1.7-fold higher likelihood of recurrence than those tumours that weigh less.

 

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[794]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Interobserver Agreement of Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy for Bladder Cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Endourol. 2013 Feb 14.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1089/end.2012.0549

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Chang TC; Liu JJ; Hsiao ST; Pan Y; Mach KE; Leppert JT; McKenney JK; Rouse RV; Liao JC

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - 1 Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Abstract Background and Purpose: Emerging optical imaging technologies such as confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) hold promise in improving bladder cancer diagnosis. The purpose of this study was to determine the interobserver agreement of image interpretation using CLE for bladder cancer. Methods: Experienced CLE urologists (n=2), novice CLE urologists (n=6), pathologists (n=4), and nonclinical researchers (n=5) were recruited to participate in a 2-hour computer-based training consisting of a teaching and validation set of intraoperative white light cystoscopy (WLC) and CLE video sequences from patients undergoing transurethral resection of bladder tumor. Interobserver agreement was  determined using the kappa statistic. Results: Of the 31 bladder regions analyzed, 19 were cancer and 12 were benign. For cancer diagnosis, experienced CLE urologists had substantial agreement for both CLE and WLC+CLE (90%, kappa 0.80) compared with moderate agreement for WLC alone (74%, kappa 0.46), while novice CLE urologists had moderate agreement for CLE (77%, kappa 0.55), WLC (78%, kappa 0.54), and WLC+CLE (80%, kappa 0.59). Pathologists had substantial agreement for CLE (81%, kappa 0.61), and nonclinical researchers had moderate agreement (77%, kappa 0.49) in cancer diagnosis. For cancer grading, experienced  CLE urologists had fair to moderate agreement for CLE (68%, kappa 0.64), WLC (74%, kappa 0.67), and WLC+CLE (53%, kappa 0.33), as did novice CLE urologists for CLE (53%, kappa 0.39), WLC (66%, kappa 0.50), and WLC+CLE (61%, kappa 0.49).  Pathologists (65%, kappa 0.55) and nonclinical researchers (61%, kappa 0.56) both had moderate agreement for CLE in cancer grading. Conclusions: CLE is an adoptable technology for cancer diagnosis in novice CLE observers after a short training with moderate interobserver agreement and diagnostic accuracy similar to WLC alone. Experienced CLE observers may be capable of achieving substantial levels of agreement for cancer diagnosis that is higher than with WLC alone.

 

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[795]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Effect of minimizing tension during robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy on urinary function recovery.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - World J Urol. 2012 Nov 8.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s00345-012-0973-3

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Kowalczyk KJ; Huang AC; Hevelone ND; Lipsitz SR; Yu HY; Lynch JH; Hu JC

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Georgetown University Hospital, 3800 Reservoir Rd NW, 1 PHC, Washington, DC, 20007, USA, keith.kowalczyk@gunet.georgetown.edu.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - OBJECTIVES: Although most prostatectomy studies emphasize optimal nerve-sparing dissection planes, subtle technical variation also affects functional outcomes. The impact of minimizing assistant/surgeon tension on urinary function has not been quantified. We assess urinary function after attenuating neurovascular bundle (NVB) and rhabdosphincter tension during robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP). METHODS: Retrospective study of prospectively collected data for 268 (RARP-T) versus 342 (RARP-0T) men with versus without tension on the NVB and rhabdosphincter during RARP. Outcomes compared include Expanded Prostate  Cancer Index (EPIC) urinary function, estimated blood loss (EBL), operative time, and positive surgical margins (PSM). RESULTS: In unadjusted analysis, men undergoing RARP-T versus RARP-0T were older, had higher biopsy and pathologic Gleason grade, and higher preoperative prostate specific antigen (all p </= 0.023). Baseline urinary function was similar. Postoperatively, RARP-0T versus RARP-T was associated with higher 5-month urinary function scores (69.7 versus 64, p = 0.049). In adjusted analyses, RARP-0T versus RARP-T was associated with improved 5-month urinary function [Parameter Estimate (PE) 7.37, Standard Error (SE) 2.67, p = 0.006], while bilateral versus non-/unilateral nerve-sparing was associated with improved 12-month urinary function and continence (both p </= 0.035). RARP-0T versus RARP-T was associated with shorter operative times (PE 6.66, SE 1.90, p = 0.001) and higher EBL (PE 20.88, SE 6.49, p = 0.001). There were no significant differences in PSM. CONCLUSIONS: While the use of tension aids in dissection of anatomic planes, avoidance of NVB counter-traction and minimizing tension on the rhabdosphincter during apical dissection attenuates neuropraxia and leads to earlier urinary function recovery. Bilateral versus non-/unilateral nerve-sparing also improves urinary function recovery.

 

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[796]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Thermal ablation in renal cell carcinoma: what affects renal function?

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Int J Hyperthermia. 2012;28(8):729-34. doi: 10.3109/02656736.2012.728017. Epub 2012 Nov 5.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 3109/02656736.2012.728017

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Park SY; Park BK; Kim CK

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 50 Ilwon-dong, Kangnam-ku, Seoul, Korea.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Because of its minimally invasive nature, thermal ablation is increasingly performed in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) who are poor surgical candidates. Thermal ablation has been associated with excellent outcomes, and thus has been regarded as a viable alternative to nephron-sparing surgery. Many papers report minimal to no reduction in renal function after ablation therapies. However, in order to achieve good local control, normal renal tissue must be sacrificed, subsequently leading to reduced renal function. The amount of normal  renal tissue to be ablated depends on the size, location, and number of RCCs, as  well as the type of thermal ablation applied. However, there are few reports about what reduces renal function following thermal ablation therapies. The purpose of this review was to discuss factors that affect reduction in renal function and to assess the relationship between local tumour control and renal function.

 

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[797]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Urinary trypsin inhibitor reduced neointimal hyperplasia induced by systemic inflammation after balloon injury in rabbits.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Inflamm Res. 2013 Feb;62(2):173-9. doi: 10.1007/s00011-012-0568-x. Epub 2012 Oct  27.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s00011-012-0568-x

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Kong J; Zhang J; Li L; Jiang G; Wang X; Liu X; Yu B

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Emergency, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, PR China. kongjunying@163.com

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to evaluate the effect of urinary trypsin inhibitor (UTI) on the regulation of inflammatory cytokines induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the reduction of neointimal formation in rabbits. METHODS AND RESULTS: Rabbits subjected to iliac artery balloon injury were randomly divided into three groups: control group (balloon injury), LPS group (LPS + balloon injury) and UTI group (UTI + LPS + balloon injury). Systemic markers of inflammation (serum IL-1beta and TNF-alpha levels measured by ELISA) were increased after LPS administration. Arterial nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB/p65) at 28 days after injury was 31.50 +/- 7.08 % of total cells in controls and 73.50 +/- 6.90 % in LPS group (P < 0.05). Morphometric analysis of the injured arteries at 28 days revealed significantly increased luminal stenosis (45.81 +/- 5.31 vs 27.93 +/- 2.85 %, P < 0.05) and neointima-to-media ratio (1.40 +/- 0.15 vs 0.68 +/- 0.12, P < 0.05) in LPS-treated animals compared with controls. This effect was reduced by UTI administration. Serum IL-1beta and TNF-alpha levels and NF-kappaB/p65 expression were significantly increased in correlation with the severity of intimal hyperplasia and inhibited by UTI. CONCLUSIONS: Systemic inflammatory response concurrently with arterial vascular injury facilitated neointimal formation. UTI reduced neointimal hyperplasia by regulating inflammatory response and could be considered as a potential anti-restenosis supplement.

 

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[798]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Incomplete unilateral polyorchidism (bilobed testicle) mimicking testicular tumour.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Pediatr Surg. 2012 Nov;47(11):2140-2. doi: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2012.08.033.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.jpedsurg.2012.08.033

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Mendez-Gallart R; Estevez-Martinez E; Rodriguez-Barca P; Garcia-Palacios M; Bautista-Casasnovas A

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hospital Clinico Universitario de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela. A Coruna. España. roberto.mendez.gallart@sergas.es

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Incomplete polyorchidism (also called bilobed testicle) is an extremely uncommon  congenital anomaly. Only 3 cases of bilobed testicle were previously reported in  the available literature. We describe a case of a 4-year-old boy who presented with a 6-month history of an asymptomatic scrotal mass located in the upper pole  of the left testicle mimicking testicular tumour. After partial orchiectomy, macroscopic and pathological examination of the lesion confirmed the diagnosis of normal testicular tissue.

 

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[799]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Genitourinary rhabdomyosarcoma: lessons from a developing-world series.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Pediatr Surg. 2012 Nov;47(11):2083-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2012.07.040.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.jpedsurg.2012.07.040

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Wood R; Lazarus J; Davidson A; Alexander A; Numanoglu A; Millar A

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Red Cross Children’s Hospital, Paediatric Surgery, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - OBJECTIVE: The objective was to retrospectively review a large series of pediatric patients with genitourinary rhabdomyosarcoma from a developing country. METHODS: A total of 49 children were treated over a 47-year period (1961-2008). Analysis of the clinical presentation, demographics, surgical records, histological results, and oncological management was performed. The patients were analyzed as a whole and also in 2 separate groups (pre- and post-1992). RESULTS:  The median age at clinical presentation was 3(1/2) years. The majority (59%) of patients were Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study group 3, with locally advanced disease at presentation. Twenty (41%) of the 49 patients presented with primary tumors greater than 10 cm in diameter. Sixteen (33%) of the 49 patients had positive regional lymph nodes at presentation. The overall survival of the series was 30 (65%) of 46. The survival for those treated after 1992 in Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study group 3 was superior (P = .04) to those treated before 1992 (80% vs 56%). CONCLUSION: Children in this large African series of genitourinary rhabdomyosarcoma present with greater locally advanced disease (node positive and bulky disease) when compared with the developed world. Improvements in the last 2 decades in local surgical and oncological care have led to an improvement in survival in children with locally advanced disease.

 

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[800]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Positive urine cytology and carcinoma in situ prior to second transurethral resection of the bladder correlate with positive second resection histology and the need for subsequent cystectomy.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - World J Urol. 2012 Dec;30(6):841-6. doi: 10.1007/s00345-012-0975-1. Epub 2012 Nov 10.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s00345-012-0975-1

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Lodde M; Mayr R; Martini T; Comploj E; Palermo S; Trenti E; Hanspeter E; Fritsche HM; Mian C; Pycha A

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Central Hospital of Bolzano, Lorenz-Boehler street 5, 39100 Bolzano, Italy. mlodde@hotmail.com

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - OBJECTIVE: A second transurethral resection of the bladder (TURB) is recommended  for high-grade bladder cancer (BC) yet yields negative results in over half of the cases. Aim of this study was to identify prognostic indicators of a positive  second TURB or the need for a subsequent cystectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study cohort consisted of 101 patients with high-risk BC (T1G2-3, TaG3, Carcinoma in situ) who underwent second TURB after complete first resection. Age, gender, stage, grade, carcinoma in situ (Cis), tumour number, size, localization, surgeon experience and bladder wash cytology before the second TURB were considered as potential prognostic factors of positive histology at second TURB or the need for subsequent cystectomy. RESULTS: The mean follow-up period was 23.8 months. The study cohort was comprised of 82 males and 17 females. Cytology on bladder wash urine was performed in 85/101 patients and in 39 was negative; 55.5 % of second TURB specimens were negative. The rate of upstaging to >/=T2 was 4.9 %. Cis (OR 8.4; 95 % CI 1.3-54.2; p = 0.03) and positive cytology (OR 6.8; 95 % CI 2.3-19.9; p = <0.01) were independent prognostic factors of a residual tumour in the second TURB. Cytology also correlated with clinical need for cystectomy in the follow-up (HR 6.5; 95 % CI 1.3-30.5; p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: CIS and positive cytology prior to second TURB increased the risk of a positive second TURB specimen. A positive cytology also increases the risk of the subsequent need for cystectomy.

 

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[801]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Re-irradiation for salvage of prostate cancer failures after primary radiotherapy.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - World J Urol. 2012 Sep 28.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s00345-012-0953-7

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Ramey SJ; Marshall DT

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Radiation Oncology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, MSC 318, 169 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: To review the literature on use of radiation as a salvage option after local-only failure following initial treatment with radiation. METHODS: PubMed was searched from inception to June 2012 using terms designed to include relevant articles on salvage radiation as a treatment for local-only failures after radiation. RESULTS: Eighteen separate studies were found which demonstrated widely different patient populations, treatment methods, follow-up periods, and reporting. Only one phase II prospective study was found with no randomized controlled trials. Biochemical disease-free survival (bDFS) at four to 5 years ranged from 20 to 75 %. Patient selection may have influenced these varying rates since some studies with lower bDFS had higher risk populations. Factors associated with improved bDFS included post-treatment prostate-specific antigen (PSA) nadir of <0.5 ng/mL, pre-salvage PSA <6, Gleason score </=7, and PSA doubling time (PSADT) >10 months. Overall survival ranged from 54 to 94 %, and disease-specific survival ranged from 74 to 100 %. The crude rate of grade 3-4 genitourinary toxicities among all studies was 13 % (range 0-47 %), and the crude rate of grade 3-4 gastrointestinal toxicities was 5 % (range 0-20 %). Incontinence rates were low among reviewed studies at 4 % (range 0-29 %). CONCLUSIONS: Brachytherapy represents a reasonable salvage option for patients with local recurrence after initial radiotherapy for prostate cancer. However, rates of toxicities, as in other salvage treatments, can be fairly high, and the  likelihood of death from prostate recurrence variable. Prospective studies are needed to better define the efficacy and toxicity of this treatment modality.

 

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[802]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Prostate Cell Membrane Chromatography-Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry for Screening of Active Constituents from Uncaria rhynchophylla.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Chromatogr Sci. 2012 Nov 28.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1093/chromsci/bms188

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - He J; Han S; Yang F; Zhou N; Wang S

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - School of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong Uiversity, Xi’an 710061, China.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Uncaria rhynchophylla is a traditional Chinese medicinal herb used to treat hypertension and convulsive disorders such as epilepsy. Rat prostate cell membrane chromatography combined with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was used to identify active constituents from U. rhynchophylla extracts.  Four compounds (corynoxeine, isorhynchophylline, isocorynoxeine and rhynchophylline) were discovered. Competitive binding assay results indicated that the four compounds were in direct competition at a single common binding site and interacted with alpha(1A) adrenergic receptors (alpha(1A)-AR) in a manner similar to tamsulosin. Affinity constant values of the four compounds binding with alpha(1A)-AR were also measured using rat prostate cell membrane chromatography (CMC). Finally, their pharmacodynamic effects were tested on rat caudal arteries. This CMC combined LC-MS system offers a means of drug discovery  by screening natural medicinal herbs for new pharmacologically active molecules targeting specific receptors.

 

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[803]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Frequency of brain metastases from prostate cancer: an 18-year single-institution experience.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Neurooncol. 2013 Jan;111(2):163-7. doi: 10.1007/s11060-012-0994-1. Epub 2012 Oct 25.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s11060-012-0994-1

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Caffo O; Veccia A; Fellin G; Mussari S; Russo L; Tomio L; Galligioni E

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Medical Oncology Department, Santa Chiara Hospital, Largo Medaglie d’Oro, 38100 Trento, Italy. orazio.caffo@apss.tn.it

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - It has recently been reported that the incidence of brain metastases (BMs) from prostate cancer (PC) has increased in comparison with historical series. The aim  of this study was to compare the incidence of BMs in the pre- and post-docetaxel  era in a single institution in which all oncological patients are referred to one Radiotherapy and one Medical Oncology Department. We searched the electronic databases of these departments for all males with BMs entered from 1994 to 2011.  The year of the introduction of docetaxel into clinical practice (2002) divided the observation period into two 9-year periods: period 1 (P1) from 1994 until 2002 (P1), and period 2 (P2) after 2002. The number of patients with BMs was constant: 241 patients in P1 and 249 in P2. The greatest changes in frequency between P1 and P2 involved colorectal cancer (+75.9 %), renal cancer (+141.9 %),  and PC (+238.7 %). The total number of patients with BMs from PC was nine: two in P1 (0.8 %) and seven in P2 (2.8 %). All but two of these patients developed BMs after becoming castration-resistant. Median BM-free survival was 36 months, whereas median BM survival was 8 weeks. As the appearance of BMs in the natural history of PC is usually related to the late phase of the disease, and mortality  due to PC remained constant, it seems that there really has been an increase in the frequency of BMs from PC that may reflect a gain in survival.

 

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[804]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Is it possible to predict low-volume and insignificant prostate cancer by core needle biopsies?

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - APMIS. 2013 Apr;121(4):257-65. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0463.2012.02965.x. Epub 2012 Aug 23.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1111/j.1600-0463.2012.02965.x

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Berg KD; Toft BG; Roder MA; Brasso K; Vainer B; Iversen P

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - In an attempt to minimize overtreatment of localized prostate cancer (PCa) active surveillance (AS) and minor invasive procedures have received increased attention. We investigated the accuracy of pre-operative findings in defining insignificant disease and distinguishing between unilateral/unifocal and bilateral/multifocal PCa. One-hundred and sixty patients undergoing radical prostatectomy were included. Histology reports from the biopsies and matching prostatectomies were compared. Three definitions of insignificant cancer were used: InsigE: tumour volume </=0.5 mL; InsigW: tumour volume </=1.3 mL; InsigM: tumour </=5% of total prostate volume and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) </=10 ng/mL. In all definitions, Gleason score (GS) was </=6 and the tumour was organ confined. Biopsies alone performed poorly as a predictor of unifocal and unilateral cancer in the prostatectomy specimens with positive predictive values  of 17.8% and 18.9% respectively. Inclusion of other clinical and biochemical parameters did not significantly increase the predictive value. However, the combination of GS </= 6, PSA </= 10 ng/mL and unifocal or unilateral cancer in biopsy cores resulted in a positive predictive value of 61.1%, 38.9% and 12.0%, respectively, for identifying InsigM, InsigW and InsigE in the prostate specimen. Conclusively, routine prostate biopsies cannot predict unifocal and unilateral PCa, and must be regarded insufficient to select patients for focal therapy. Although candidates for AS may be identified using standard biopsies, a considerable fraction of patients will be understaged. There is a need for more precise diagnostic tools to assess intraprostatic tumour growth.

 

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[805]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - The renal biopsy in the genomic era.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Pediatr Nephrol. 2012 Nov 21.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s00467-012-2356-9

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Liapis H; Gaut JP

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8118, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA, liapis@path.wustl.edu.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Renal biopsy was introduced in the 1950s. By 1980 the pathologic diagnostic criteria for the majority of medical kidney diseases known today, including pediatric diseases, were established using light, electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry. However, it has become clear that there are limitations in  the morphologic evaluation, mainly because a given pattern of injury can be caused by different aetiologies and, conversely, a single aetiology may present with more than one histological pattern. An explosion in kidney disease research  in the last 20-30 years has brought new knowledge from bench to bedside rapidly and resulted in new molecular and genetic tools that enhance the diagnostic and prognostic power of the renal biopsy. Genomic technologies such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), in situ hybridization and oligonucleotide microarrays, collectively known as genomics, detect single or multiple genes underscoring the  pathologic changes and revealing specific causes of injury that may require different treatment. The aims of this review are to (1) summarize current recommendations for diagnostic renal biopsies encompassing light microscopy, immunofluorescence or immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy; (2) address the limitations of morphology; (3) show current contributions of genomic technologies adjunct to the renal biopsy, and provide examples of how these may transform pathologic interpretation into molecular disease phenotypes.

 

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[806]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Diethylstilbestrol in castration-resistant prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - BJU Int. 2012 Dec;110(11 Pt B):E727-35. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11546.x. Epub 2012 Oct 30.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11546.x

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Wilkins A; Shahidi M; Parker C; Gunapala R; Thomas K; Huddart R; Horwich A; Dearnaley D

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Academic Urology Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, Sutton, UK.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Study Type - Therapy (case series) Level of Evidence 4 What’s known on the subject? and What does the study add? Diethylstilbestrol (DES) was the first hormone treatment used for prostate cancer and has also shown effectiveness in castration-resistant disease in small studies; however, concerns over thromboembolic toxicity have restricted its use in the past. Over 200 elderly men with castration-resistant prostate cancer were treated with 1-3 mg of DES, given  with 75 mg aspirin and breast bud irradiation. Almost 30% of men showed a significant PSA response and the median time to PSA progression was 4.6 months. Almost 20% of patients with pain had a significant analgesic benefit. The most important toxicity was thromboembolism in 10% of men. Overall the drug has an acceptable toxicity profile and offers a palliative benefit in frail elderly men  who may not be fit for chemotherapy. OBJECTIVE: * To assess the efficacy and toxicity of diethylstilbestrol (DES) in the management of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). PATIENTS AND METHODS: * A total of 231 patients with CRPC received treatment with DES at the Royal Marsden Hospital between August 1992 and August 2000. * The median pre-treatment prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level was 221 ng/mL. * DES was used at a dose of 1-3 mg daily, with aspirin 75 mg. * The primary endpoint was PSA response rate. RESULTS: * The PSA response rate (using PSA Working Group criteria) was 28.9%. * The median time to PSA progression was 4.6 months. * Of patients with bone pain, 18% had an improvement in their European Organisation for the Research and Treatment of Cancer pain score. * Thromboembolic complications were seen in 9.9% of all patients. CONCLUSIONS: * DES has significant activity in CRPC and can be of palliative benefit. * DES has  an acceptable toxicity profile in the management of patients with symptomatic CRPC when used at a dose of 1-3 mg, combined with aspirin and prophylactic breast bud radiotherapy.

 

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[807]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Diethylstilbestrol in castration-resistant prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - BJU Int. 2012 Dec;110(11 Pt B):E736. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11565.x. Epub  2012 Oct 30.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11565.x

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Sartor O

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Departments of Urology and Medicine, Tulane University of Medicine, New Orleans,  LA, USA.

 

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[808]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Technique of pelvic lymphadenectomy after robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy for prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Endourol. 2012 Dec;26(12):1600-4. doi: 10.1089/end.2012.0375. Epub 2012 Oct 17.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1089/end.2012.0375

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Png KS; Koch MO

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Pelvic lymphadenectomy for prostate cancer is an important tool in the prognostication of the disease in selected patients who are at risk of occult lymph node metastases. This procedure, usually performed in conjunction with radical prostatectomy, had progressed successfully from an open approach to the current robot-assisted approach. The following article and accompanying video describe the surgical technique of robot-assisted pelvic lymphadenectomy for prostate cancer. We also discuss the indications, patient selection, preparation, complications, and tips to avoid the major pitfalls in the procedure.

 

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[809]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Helenalin-induced apoptosis is dependent on production of reactive oxygen species and independent of induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress in renal cell carcinoma.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Toxicol In Vitro. 2013 Mar;27(2):588-96. doi: 10.1016/j.tiv.2012.10.014. Epub 2012 Oct 30.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.tiv.2012.10.014

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Jang JH; Iqbal T; Min KJ; Kim S; Park JW; Son EI; Lee TJ; Kwon TK

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, 2800 Dalgubeoldaero, Dalseo-Gu, Daegu 704-701, South Korea.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Helenalin, a sesquiterpene lactone, exhibits anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor activities. Here, we investigated whether helenalin could induce apoptosis in human renal carcinoma Caki cells. Helenalin increased apoptosis in dose dependent manner in Caki cells, and also induced apoptosis in other carcinoma cells, such as human renal carcinoma ACHN cells, human colon carcinoma HT29 and HCT116 cells. We found that helenalin markedly induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related genes, such as regulated in development and DNA damage responses (REDD) 1, activating transcription factor-4 (ATF4) and/or the CCAAT enhancer-binding protein-homologous protein (CHOP). However, down-regulation of ATF4 and/or CHOP expression by siRNA had no effect on helenalin-induced apoptosis in Caki and HCT116 cells. Helenalin increased production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Furthermore, ROS scavengers, N-acetylcystine (NAC), and glutathione ethyl ester (GEE), reduced helenalin-induced apoptosis. Taken together, helenalin induced apoptosis via ROS generation in human renal carcinoma Caki cells.

 

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[810]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Combined application of information theory on laboratory results with classification and regression tree analysis: analysis of unnecessary biopsy for prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Clin Chim Acta. 2013 Jan 16;415:133-7. doi: 10.1016/j.cca.2012.10.012. Epub 2012  Oct 16.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.cca.2012.10.012

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Hwang SH; Pyo T; Oh HB; Park HJ; Lee KJ

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Laboratory Medicine, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, South Korea.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: The probability of a prostate cancer-positive biopsy result varies with PSA concentration. Thus, we applied information theory on classification and regression tree (CART) analysis for decision making predicting the probability of a biopsy result at various PSA concentrations. METHODS: From 2007 to 2009, prostate biopsies were performed in 664 referred patients in a tertiary hospital. We created 2 CART models based on the information theory: one for moderate uncertainty (PSA concentration: 2.5-10 ng/ml) and the other for high uncertainty  (PSA concentration: 10-25 ng/ml). RESULTS: The CART model for moderate uncertainty (n=321) had 3 splits based on PSA density (PSAD), hypoechoic nodules, and age and the other CART for high uncertainty (n=160) had 2 splits based on prostate volume and percent-free PSA. In this validation set, the patients (14.3% and 14.0% for moderate and high uncertainty groups, respectively) could avoid unnecessary biopsies without false-negative results. CONCLUSIONS: Using these CART models based on uncertainty information of PSA, the overall reduction in unnecessary prostate biopsies was 14.0-14.3% and CART models were simplified. Using uncertainty of laboratory results from information theoretic approach can provide additional information for decision analysis such as CART.

 

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[811]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Assessing human urinary proteome using a mass spectrometry-based profiling system combined with magnetic nanoparticles.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Clin Chim Acta. 2012 Oct 15. pii: S0009-8981(12)00488-3. doi: 10.1016/j.cca.2012.10.021.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.cca.2012.10.021

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Tyan YC; Yang MH; Chung TW; Lu CY; Tsai WC; Jong SB

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; National Sun Yat-Sen University-Kaohsiung Medical  University Joint Research Center, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. Electronic address: yctyan@kmu.edu.tw.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Samples originating from body fluids often contain a complex mixture  of inorganic salts, buffers, chaotropic agents, surfactant/detergents, preservatives, and other solubilizing agents. The presence of those contaminants  often precludes direct analysis by mass spectrometry. Urine, a blood filtrate produced by the urinary system, is an ideal bio-sample and a rich source of biomarkers for diagnostic information. METHODS: To enhance our understanding of urinary proteome, the urine proteins were prepared by magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) combined with MACS separation column system and then identified by reverse phase nano-high performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem  mass spectrometry (RP-nano-HPLC-ESI-MS/MS) followed by peptide fragmentation pattern. RESULTS: Experimental results have revealed that the better protein identification for the demonstration of bovine serum albumin (BSA) in artificial  urine. Using this cleanup approach, a total of 542 peptides, corresponding to 282 unique proteins, were identified from human urine samples, in which 54 proteins have higher confidence levels. Indeed, this study has revealed that some biological factors might be increased along with aging, such as up-regulation of  immunoproteins. CONCLUSIONS: The present study was designed to establish optimal  techniques to develop a proteomic map of urinary proteins, and a cleanup method that greatly simplifies this sample preparation process was proposed.

 

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[812]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Local property characterization of prostate glands using inhomogeneous modeling based on tumor volume and location analysis.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Med Biol Eng Comput. 2013 Feb;51(1-2):197-205. doi: 10.1007/s11517-012-0984-7. Epub 2012 Nov 11.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s11517-012-0984-7

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Kim Y; Ahn B; Lee JW; Rha KH; Kim J

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Division of Mechanical Engineering, School of Mechanical, Aerospace and Systems Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Mechanical property characterization of prostate tumors can enhance the results obtained by palpation by providing quantitative and precise diagnostic information to surgeons. The multi-focal characteristics of prostate tumors cause inhomogeneity and local property variance in the prostate glands, which is one reason for inaccurate property characterizations of the tumors. Therefore, biomechanical models should include inhomogeneity and local property variance by  taking into consideration the anatomical information (location and volume) of the tumors. We developed six inhomogeneous local prostate models using the finite element method, which takes into account the location and volume information of prostate tumors. The models were divided into six different sections: lateral apex, lateral mid, lateral base, medial apex, medial mid and medial base tumors.  Information on the location and volume of prostate tumors was obtained using pathological analysis. The mechanical properties of prostate tumors were estimated using the developed model simulation and the ex vivo indentation experiment results from the human resected prostates. The results showed that the mean elastic moduli of the normal and tumoral regions were 14.7 and 41.6 kPa, respectively. Our models provided more reliable estimates of the elastic moduli than the conventionally used Hertz-Sneddon model, and the results from our model  were more closely correlated with previous studies due to the inclusion of the anatomical information via inhomogeneous modeling. These six local models provide baseline property criteria for the diagnosis and localization of prostate tumors  using the optimized elastic moduli of normal prostate tissues.

 

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[813]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Erratum to “An alternative approach to modelling relapse in cancer with an application to adenocarcinoma of the prostate” [Mathematical Biosciences, 199 (2006) 38-54].

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Math Biosci. 2012 Oct 1. pii: S0025-5564(12)00186-1. doi: 10.1016/j.mbs.2012.09.007.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.mbs.2012.09.007

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Veestraeten D

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - University of Amsterdam Department of Economics Roetersstraat 11 1018 WB Amsterdam The Netherlands. Electronic address: Dirk.Veestraeten@uva.nl.

 

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[814]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Inverse correlation of intracellular calcium and cyclic AMP levels in renal cell  carcinoma.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Cell Biochem Funct. 2012 Dec;30(8):619-22. doi: 10.1002/cbf.2913. Epub 2012 Oct 4.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1002/cbf.2913

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Sharma U; Singh SK; Rajendra P

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Biochemistry, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common renal tumour in adults. Altered levels of secondary messengers, that is, intracellular calcium and cyclic AMP (cAMP), have been implicated in the pathogenesis of various malignancies. In the  present study, we measured levels of intracellular calcium and cAMP in RCC. The intracellular calcium level was significantly reduced, whereas the cAMP level was significantly augmented in RCC as compared with adjacent grossly normal renal parenchyma.

 

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[815]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Serum testosterone plays an important role in the metastatic ability of castration resistant prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - World J Urol. 2013 Apr;31(2):261-6. doi: 10.1007/s00345-012-0972-4. Epub 2012 Oct 19.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s00345-012-0972-4

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - van der Sluis TM; Bijnsdorp IV; Jacobs JJ; Meuleman EJ; Rozendaal L; Geldof AA; van Moorselaar RJ; Vis AN

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, VU University Medical Center, Room 4F027, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: Prostate cells are dependent on androgens for growth and proliferation.  Androgen deprivation therapy is the recommended treatment for advanced/metastatic prostate cancer. Under this therapy, prostate cancer will inevitably progress to  castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Despite putative castration resistance, testosterone might still play a crucial role in the progression of CRPC. The goal of this study was to determine the role of testosterone in the formation of metastases of CRPC in both in vitro and in vivo settings. METHODS: In vitro, the effect of testosterone and the non-aromatizable androgen methyltrienolone on migration, invasion and proliferation of a castration-resistant prostate cancer rat cell line (Dunning R3327-MATLyLu) was assessed using a transwell assay and a sulforhodamine B assay and immunohistochemical detection of ki67. Androgen receptor status was determined using Western blot. In vivo, Copenhagen rats were divided in four groups (males,  females, castrated males and females with testosterone suppletion) and inoculated with MATLyLu cells. Tumor size was assessed daily. RESULTS: Testosterone increased cell migration and invasion in a concentration-dependent manner in vitro. Testosterone did not affect in vitro cell proliferation. No difference was shown between the effect of testosterone and methyltrienolone. In vivo, in groups with higher levels of circulating testosterone, more rats had (micro)metastases compared with groups with low levels of testosterone. No effect was observed on primary tumor size/growth. CONCLUSIONS: Despite assumed castration resistance, progression of prostate cancer is still influenced by androgens. Therefore, continuous suppression of serum testosterone in patients who show disease progression during castration therapy is still warranted.

 

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[816]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Neoadjuvant chemotherapy in muscle-invasive bladder cancer: ready for prime time?

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2013 Mar;85(3):288-94. doi: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2012.09.002. Epub 2012 Sep 27.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.critrevonc.2012.09.002

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Pouessel D; Mongiat-Artus P; Culine S

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Medical Oncology, Hopital Saint-Louis, Paris, France.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Through a Medline search from January 1, 1998 to February 29, 2012, the literature data supporting the standard use of neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy in the perioperative setting for muscle-invasive transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder were reviewed. Randomized phase III trials and meta-analyses have shown a significant benefit (level I evidence) in overall survival for neoadjuvant chemotherapy, with a 5% absolute benefit at 5 years, provided cisplatin-based combination regimens are used. Major methodological biases preclude any firm conclusion regarding the routine use of adjuvant therapy. The optimal chemotherapy regimen remains to be determined. Predictive biomarkers are urgently needed in order to determine which patients are more likely to benefit from neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

 

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[817]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Simulated required accuracy of image registration tools for targeting high-grade  cancer components with prostate biopsies.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Eur Radiol. 2012 Nov 9.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s00330-012-2701-1

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - van de Ven WJ; Hulsbergen-van de Kaa CA; Hambrock T; Barentsz JO; Huisman HJ

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Radiology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands, W.vandeVen@rad.umcn.nl.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - OBJECTIVES: To estimate the required spatial alignment accuracy for correctly grading 95 % of peripheral zone (PZ) prostate cancers using a system for multiparametric magnetic resonance (MR)-guided ultrasound (US) biopsies. METHODS: PZ prostate tumours were retrospectively annotated on multiparametric MR series using prostatectomy specimens as reference standard. Tumours were grouped based on homogeneous and heterogeneous apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values using an automated ADC texture analysis method. The proportion of heterogeneous tumours containing a distinct, high Gleason grade tumour focus yielding low ADC values was determined. Both overall tumour and high-grade focal volumes were calculated. All high-grade target volumes were then used in a simulated US biopsy system with adjustable accuracy to determine the hit rate. RESULTS: An ADC-determined high-grade tumour focus was found in 63 % of the PZ prostate tumours. The focal volumes were significantly smaller than the total tumour volumes (median volume of 0.3 ml and 1.1 ml respectively). To correctly grade 95  % of the aggressive tumour components the target registration error (TRE) should  be smaller than 1.9 mm. CONCLUSIONS: To enable finding the high Gleason grade component in 95 % of PZ prostate tumours with MR-guided US biopsies, a technical  registration accuracy of 1.9 mm is required. KEY POINTS : * MRI can identify foci of prostatic cancer with reduced apparent diffusion coefficients * Sixty-three per cent of prostatic peripheral zone tumours contain high-grade tumour low ADC foci * The median volume of such foci is 0.3 ml * Biopsy targets are significantly smaller than whole tumour volumes * Simulated registration accuracy is 1.9 mm for correctly grading 95 % of tumours.

 

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[818]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Increased Akt signaling resulting from the loss of androgen responsiveness in prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Curr Med Chem. 2013;20(1):144-57.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Dulinska-Litewka J; McCubrey JA; Laidler P

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Jagiellonian University Medical College, ul. Kopenika 7, 31-034 Krakow, Poland. mblitewk@cyf-kr.edu.pl

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - The mechanisms responsible for the switch of prostate cancer from androgen-sensitive (AS) to androgen-insensitive (AI) form are not well understood. Regulation of androgen receptor (AR), through which androgens control the expression of genes involved in prostate cells proliferation, migration and death also involves its cross-talk with the other signaling pathways, transcription factors and coregulatory proteins, such as beta-catenin. With the aim to determine their possible contribution in triggering the switch from AS to  AI form, which occurs upon androgen deprivation therapy - AR, Akt and beta-catenin expression were knocked-down with respective siRNAs. Treatment of LNCaP prostate cells with siRNA for AR significantly reduced their proliferation  (45-70%), expression of nuclear beta- catenin, cyclin-D1, cyclin-G1, c-Myc as well as activity of metalloproteinases (MMPs) -2,-7,-9 and cell migration. Surprisingly, after longer (over 72 hrs) silencing of AR in LNCaP cells, elevated levels of p-Akt were detected and enhanced proliferation as well as expression of nuclear beta-catenin, cyclin-D1, c-Myc and activity of MMPs were observed. Such effects were not observed in either PC-3 or DU145 AI cells. However, silencing of Akt and /or beta-catenin in those as well as in LNCaP cells led to their decreased proliferation and migration. Our findings suggest that in prostate cancer cells, either AR or Akt signaling prevails, depending on their initial androgen sensitivity and its availability. In AI prostate cancer cells, Akt takes over the role of AR and more effectively contributes through the same signaling molecule, beta-catenin, to AI cancer progression.

 

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[819]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Modeling prostate cancer in mice: something old, something new, something premalignant, something metastatic.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Cancer Metastasis Rev. 2012 Nov 1.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s10555-012-9409-1

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Irshad S; Abate-Shen C

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Departments of Urology and Pathology  & Cell Biology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - More than 15 years ago, the first generation of genetically engineered mouse (GEM) models of prostate cancer was introduced. These transgenic models utilized  prostate-specific promoters to express SV40 oncogenes specifically in prostate epithelium. Since the description of these initial models, there have been a plethora of GEM models of prostate cancer representing various perturbations of oncogenes or tumor suppressors, either alone or in combination. This review describes these GEM models, focusing on their relevance for human prostate cancer and highlighting their strengths and limitations, as well as opportunities for the future.

 

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[820]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Xanthogranulomatous prostatitis: a rare entity resembling prostate adenocarcinoma with magnetic resonance image picture.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Clin Imaging. 2012 Nov-Dec;36(6):858-60. doi: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2012.01.034. Epub 2012 Jun 8.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.clinimag.2012.01.034

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Lee HY; Kuo YT; Tsai SY; Li CC; Wu WJ; Huang CH; Juan YS

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Granulomatous prostatitis, characterized by chronic granulomatous inflammation in the prostate, is rare. Xanthogranulomatous prostatitis is an even rarer granulomatous inflammation. We present a 74-year-old man who presented with lower urinary tract symptoms and elevated prostate specific antigen. A transrectal ultrasonography-guided prostate biopsy was performed, and pathological results showed foamy macrophage and inflammatory cell infiltrates, which were a distinctive feature of xanthogranulomatous prostatitis. We also present the characteristics of magnetic resonance imaging in xanthogranulomatous prostatitis  which has never been previously described.

 

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[821]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Prostate Cancer, miRNAs, Metallothioneins and Resistance to Cytostatic Drugs.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Curr Med Chem. 2013 Feb 1;20(4):534-44.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Pekarik V; Gumulec J; Masarik M; Kizek R; Adam V

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic. vojtech.adam@mendelu.cz.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - MicroRNAs (miRNAs) translationally repressing their target messenger RNAs due to  their gene-regulatory functions play an important but not unexpected role in a tumour development. More surprising are the findings that levels of various miRNAs are well correlated with presence of specific tumours and formation of metastases. Moreover, these small regulatory molecules play a role in the resistance of cancer cells to commonly used anti-cancer drugs, such as cisplatin, anthracyclines, and taxanes. In that respect, miRNAs become very attractive target for potential therapeutic interventions. Improvements in the sensitivity of miRNAs detection techniques led to discovery of circulating miRNAs which became very attractive non-invasive biomarker of cancer with a substantial predictive value. In this review, the authors focus on i) oncogenic and anti-tumour acting miRNAs, ii) function of miRNAs in tumour progression, iii) possible role of miRNAs in resistance to anticancer drugs, and iv) diagnostic potential of miRNAs for identification of cancer from circulating miRNAs with special emphasis on prostate cancer. Moreover, relationship between miRNAs and expression of metallothionein is discussed as a possible explanation of resistance against platinum based drugs.

 

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[822]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Optimal strategy for penile rehabilitation after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy based on preoperative erectile function.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - BJU Int. 2013 Apr;111(4):658-65. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11487.x. Epub 2012 Nov 27.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11487.x

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Basal S; Wambi C; Acikel C; Gupta M; Badani K

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - WHAT’S KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT? AND WHAT DOES THE STUDY ADD?: Removing of prostate for the treatment of localized prostate cancer is associated with a variable loss of erectile function due to injury of the nerves of erection during operation. Some researchers have reported that after nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy (RP), the natural recovery time of erectile function is at least 2 years. Factors such as thermal damage, ischaemic injury, mechanically induced nerve stretching and the local inflammatory effects of surgical trauma may also impair the cavernous nerves during RP. The concept of penile rehabilitation was first studied by Montorsi et al. in 1997. They showed that the use of any drug or device at or after RP could maximize the recovery of erectile function. Penile rehabilitation programmes (PRPs) with vasoactive agents, such as oral phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors (PDE5Is), intraurethral and intracavernosal vasoactive agents, and vacuum erection devices (VEDs) can protect erectile tissue integrity and prevent corporal smooth muscle atrophy and diminish collagen formation. The present findings are consistent with previous reports that PRPs have a significant beneficial effect on early erectile function recovery and that preoperative erectile function is one of the important predictors of erectile function after RP. Patients can be referred for penile rehabilitation if they have any degree of erectile function (mild, moderate or normal) before operation. We also showed that the combination of PDE5Is and VEDs for PRPs offers the shortest erectile function recovery period. OBJECTIVE: To define the optimal penile rehabilitation programme (PRP) based on preoperative Sexual Health Inventory for Men (SHIM) scores after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP). PATIENTS AND METHODS: The medical records of 203 patients who underwent bilateral nerve-sparing RARP between 2007 and 2011 were reviewed for the present  retrospective study. According to patients’ preoperative erection status, group 1 (SHIM = 8-16), group 2 (SHIM = 17-21) and group 3 (SHIM = 22-25) were defined. After bilateral nerve-sparing RARP, phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors (PDE5Is), a vacuum erection device (VED), the combination of PDE5Is and a VED, or none of them were utilized by all patients for penile rehabilitation. Treatment success was defined as a rigid erection suitable for successful sexual intercourse. RESULTS: The numbers of patients in groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively, were 9, 22 and 73, and the mean erectile function recovery periods (EFRPs) were 15.44 +/- 7.73, 12.31 +/- 8.12 and 8.73 +/- 5.67 months (P < 0.05). Group 3 offered the best results for EFRP. Only PDE5Is or the combination of PDE5Is and VED use had a beneficial effect on EFRP (P < 0.05). Using PDE5Is and VED together provided the  best result, but there was no difference between PDE5Is and a VED (P >/= 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: After bilateral nerve-sparing RARP, PRP with PDE5Is, including the combination of PDE5Is and VED, has a beneficial effect on erectile function recovery across all levels of baseline erectile function. Further large randomized control studies are needed to validate these findings.

 

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[823]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Local recurrence after retropubic radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer does  not exclusively occur at the anastomotic site.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - BJU Int. 2012 Nov 27. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11506.x.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11506.x

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Nguyen DP; Giannarini G; Seiler R; Schiller R; Thoeny HC; Thalmann GN; Studer UE

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, University of Berne, Inselspital, Berne, Switzerland.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - WHAT’S KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT? AND WHAT DOES THE STUDY ADD?: Local recurrence after radical prostatectomy (RP) for clinically organ-confined prostate cancer is largely assumed to occur at the anastomotic site, as reflected in European and North American guidelines for adjuvant and salvage radiotherapy after RP. However, the exact site of local recurrence often remains undetermined. The present study shows that roughly one out of five patients with local recurrence after RP has histologically confirmed tumour deposits at the resection site of the vas deferens, clearly above the anastomotic site. This should be considered when offering ‘blind’ radiotherapy to the anastomotic site in patients with biochemical recurrence alone. OBJECTIVE: To determine the anatomical pattern of local recurrence and the corresponding clinical and pathological variables of patients treated with retropubic radical prostatectomy (RRP). PATIENTS AND METHODS: In all, 41 patients with biopsy confirmed local recurrence after extended pelvic lymph node dissection and RRP performed between January 1992 and  December 2009 at a single tertiary referral academic centre were retrospectively  studied. The site of local recurrence as assessed on computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging was reviewed. Two sites were identified: the vesicourethral anastomotic site and the cranial resection margin of the surgical  bed, where the vas deferens was transected and clipped. Age and serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level at RRP, pathological tumour and nodal stage, Gleason score, tumour location, surgical margin status, age and serum PSA  level at the time of local recurrence, and time to diagnosis of local recurrence  were assessed for the two sites and compared with the chi-square or Wilcoxon rank sum tests as appropriate. RESULTS: Local recurrence occurred at the anastomotic site in 31/41 (76%) patients and at the resection site of the vas deferens in nine of 41 (22%) patients. One patient had distinct lesions at both sites. There  was no significant difference in any of the clinical and pathological variables between patients with local recurrence in the former and latter site. CONCLUSION: Most local recurrences after RRP occur exclusively at the anastomotic site. However, 22% of locally recurrent cases had tumour at the resection site of the vas deferens. This should be taken into account when considering adjuvant or salvage radiation therapy.

 

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[824]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Evaluation of the RENAL Nephrometry Scoring System in Adopting Nephron-Sparing Surgery for cT1 Renal Cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Urol Int. 2013;90(2):179-83. doi: 10.1159/000342971. Epub 2012 Nov 7.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1159/000342971

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Yasuda Y; Yuasa T; Yamamoto S; Urakami S; Ito M; Sukegawa G; Kitsukawa S; Yonese J; Fukui I

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer  Research, Tokyo, Japan.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Objective: The RENAL nephrometry scoring system characterizes tumors according to their size, growth pattern, location and nearness to the renal sinus or collecting system. The current study aims to evaluate the RENAL nephrometry scoring system in adopting nephron-sparing surgery (NSS) for cT1 renal cancer. Methods: Clinicopathological data of 200 consecutive patients who had undergone radical nephrectomy (RN) or NSS for clinical stage T1 renal cell cancer at our single institution during 2005-2009 were investigated retrospectively. Results: Of 200 patients, 103 were scheduled for RN, whereas 97 were planned to undergo NSS, 9 of whom actually underwent RN. Those who were planned to undergo NSS were  younger and had smaller tumors (p < 0.001). The median RENAL score was significantly lower among those who were originally assigned to NSS (5, range 4-10) versus RN (8, range 4-11) (p < 0.001). Three months after surgery, the renal function of patients who had been scheduled for NSS was significantly better than in those treated by RN (p < 0.001). Conclusions: This study suggests  that the RENAL nephrometry scoring system is a useful tool in adopting NSS for cT1 renal cancer and that objective decision-making for NSS was possible.

 

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[825]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Introduction: bladder cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Semin Oncol. 2012 Oct;39(5):523. doi: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2012.08.002.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1053/j.seminoncol.2012.08.002

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Raghavan D

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Levine Cancer Institute, Charlotte, NC, USA.

 

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[826]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Imaging in benign prostatic hyperplasia: what is new?

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Curr Opin Urol. 2013 Jan;23(1):11-6. doi: 10.1097/MOU.0b013e32835abd91.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1097/MOU.0b013e32835abd91

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Abdi H; Kazzazi A; Bazargani ST; Djavan B; Telegrafi S

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This article discusses the new imaging techniques in diagnosis and treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia by reviewing the most recent publications. RECENT FINDINGS: Imaging study for the evaluation of patients with  lower urinary tract symptoms is not suggested by American Urology Association guidelines; however, European Association of Urology recommends the assessment of the upper urinary tract by modalities like ultrasound. Several new imaging indices like resistive index of capsular artery, presumed circle area ratio, prostatic urethral angle, intraprostatic protrusion, and detrusor wall thickness  are used to find a noninvasive way for bladder outlet obstruction diagnosis. In addition to them, 3D transrectal ultrasound, near infrared spectroscopy, and MRI  are used to add more practical findings in patient management. SUMMARY: Urologists have requested more imaging studies than expected for benign prostatic hyperplasia patients in recent years, and several studies have been done to find  a noninvasive way to diagnose bladder outlet obstruction. However, none of them could play the urodynamic studies role in bladder outlet obstruction diagnosis.

 

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[827]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Metachronous penile metastasis from rectal cancer after total pelvic exenteration.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - World J Gastroenterol. 2012 Oct 14;18(38):5476-8. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i38.5476.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 3748/wjg.v18.i38.5476

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Kimura Y; Shida D; Nasu K; Matsunaga H; Warabi M; Inoue S

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Surgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Bokutoh Hospital, 4-23-15 Koto-bashi, Sumida-ku, Tokyo 1308575, Japan.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Despite its abundant vascularization and extensive circulatory communication with neighboring organs, metastases to the penis are a rare event. A 57-year-old male, who had undergone total pelvic exenteration for rectal cancer sixteen months earlier, demonstrated an abnormal uptake within his penis by positron emission tomography/computed tomography. A single elastic nodule of the middle penis shaft was noted deep within Bucks fascia. No other obvious recurrent site was noted except the penile lesion. Total penectomy was performed as a curative resection based on a diagnosis of isolated penile metastasis from rectal cancer. A histopathological examination revealed an increase of well differentiated adenocarcinoma in the corpus spongiosum consistent with his primary rectal tumor. The immunohistochemistry of the tumor cells demonstrated positive staining for cytokeratin 20 and negative staining for cytokeratin 7, which strongly supported  a diagnosis of penile metastasis from the rectum. The patient is alive more than  two years without any recurrence.

 

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[828]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Abiraterone and novel antiandrogens: overcoming castration resistance in prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Annu Rev Med. 2013;64:1-13. doi: 10.1146/annurev-med-121211-091605. Epub 2012 Sep 27.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1146/annurev-med-121211-091605

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Ferraldeschi R; Pezaro C; Karavasilis V; de Bono J

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Division of Cancer Therapeutics, Signal Transduction & Molecular Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology & Trials Team, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, SM25NG, United Kingdom. Roberta.ferraldeschi@icr.ac.uk

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Suppression of gonadal androgens by medical or surgical castration remains the mainstay of treatment for patients with advanced prostate cancer. However, the response to treatment is not durable, and transition to a “castration-resistant”  state is invariable. Recent advances in our understanding of the androgen receptor signaling pathway have led to the development of therapeutic strategies  to overcome castration resistance. This article reviews current concepts and challenges behind targeting continued androgen receptor signaling in castration-resistant prostate cancer and provides an overview of recently completed and ongoing clinical trials of novel hormonal agents, with a focus on abiraterone acetate and enzalutamide (MDV3100).

 

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[829]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Selective COX-2 inhibitor (celecoxib) decreases cellular growth in prostate cancer cell lines independent of p53.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Biotech Histochem. 2013 Jan;88(1):38-46. doi: 10.3109/10520295.2012.724713. Epub  2012 Nov 21.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 3109/10520295.2012.724713

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Katkoori VR; Manne K; Vital-Reyes VS; Rodriguez-Burford C; Shanmugam C; Sthanam M; Manne U; Chatla C; Abdulkadir SA; Grizzle WE

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Pathology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL  35294, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Celecoxib is a clinically available COX-2 inhibitor that has been reported to have antineoplastic activity. It has been proposed as a preventative agent for several types of early neoplastic lesions. Earlier studies have shown that sensitivity of prostatic carcinoma (PCa) to celecoxib is associated with apoptosis; however, these studies have not demonstrated adequately whether this effect is dependent on p53 status. We studied the relation between sensitivity to celecoxib and the phenotypic p53 status of PCa cells lines, LNCaP (wild type p53), PC3 (null p53) and DU145 (mutated p53). Cellular growth was assessed at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h after celecoxib treatment at concentrations of 0, 10, 30, 50, 70  and 100 muM using an MTT assay. Cellular proliferation (Ki-67 expression) was determined by immunocytochemistry. Phenotypic expression of p53 was analyzed by western blotting. The effects of celecoxib on cellular growth and its association with p53 were assessed after down-regulation of p53 using synthetic interfering RNAs (siRNA) in LNCaP cells. Expression of p53 and COX-2 at mRNA levels was assessed by quantitative real time polymerase reaction (qRT-PCR). We found that celecoxib inhibited cellular growth and proliferation in a dose-dependent manner  in all three cell lines; LNCaP cells with a native p53 were the most sensitive to celecoxib. We observed a down- regulation effect on p53 in LNCaP cells exposed to >/= 30 muM celecoxib for 72 h, but found no significant changes in the p53 levels of DU145 cells, which have a mutated p53. Reduced COX-2 expression was found with decreased p53 in LNCaP and PC-3 cells that were exposed to >/= 20 muM of celecoxib for 72 h, but COX-2 expression was increased in DU145 cells. All three  cell lines demonstrated pan-cytotoxicity when exposed to 100 muM celecoxib. When  p53 expression was inhibited using siRNA in LNCaP cells, the inhibitory effects on cellular growth usually exerted by celecoxib were not changed significantly. Celecoxib reduces the growth of prostate cancer cell lines in part by decreasing  proliferation, which suggests that the inhibition of growth of LNCaP cells by celecoxib is independent of normal levels of native p53.

 

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[830]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Current perspectives in bladder cancer management.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Int J Clin Pract. 2012 Nov 9. doi: 10.1111/ijcp.12075.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1111/ijcp.12075

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Griffiths TR

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Clinical Sciences Unit, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - More than 350,000 new cases of bladder cancer are diagnosed worldwide each year;  the vast majority (> 90%) of these are transitional cell carcinomas (TCC). The most important risk factors for the development of bladder cancer are smoking and occupational exposure to toxic chemicals. Painless visible haematuria is the most common presenting symptom of bladder cancer; significant haematuria requires referral to a specialist urology service. Cystoscopy and urine cytology are currently the recommended tools for diagnosis of bladder cancer. Excluding muscle invasion is an important diagnostic step, as outcomes for patients with muscle invasive TCC are less favourable. For non-muscle invasive bladder cancer, transurethral resection followed by intravesical chemotherapy (typically Mitomycin C or epirubicin) or immunotherapy [bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG)] is the current standard of care. For patients failing BCG therapy, cystectomy is recommended; for patients unsuitable for surgery, the choice of treatment options is currently limited. However, novel interventions, such as chemohyperthermia and electromotive drug administration, enhance the effects of conventional chemotherapeutic agents and are being evaluated in Phase III trials. Radical cystectomy (with pelvic lymphadenectomy and urinary diversion) or radical radiotherapy are the current established treatments for muscle invasive TCC. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is recommended before definitive treatment of muscle invasive TCC; cisplatin-containing combination chemotherapy is the recommended regimen. Palliative chemotherapy is the first-choice treatment in metastatic TCC.

 

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[831]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Pretreatment parameters obtained from peripheral blood sample predicts invasiveness of bladder carcinoma.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Urol Int. 2012;89(4):468-72. doi: 10.1159/000343278. Epub 2012 Nov 2.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1159/000343278

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Can C; Baseskioglu B; Yilmaz M; Colak E; Ozen A; Yenilmez A

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Osmangazi University Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir, Turkey.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: To predict the invasiveness of urothelial bladder carcinoma using a logistic regression model on preoperative peripheral blood samples. PATIENTS AND  METHODS: Hospital data of patients operated for urothelial carcinoma were reviewed retrospectively. Preoperative blood samples were collected before the first cystoscopic examination. Any kind of infection or inflammation was an exclusion criterion. Patients were grouped as having a non-muscle-invasive or muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma. The mean age was 69 years and was determined as the cut-off value. According to receiver operating characteristic curves, threshold points were determined for lymphocytes, neutrophil count, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), thrombocytes and mean platelet volume. Demographic specialties, parameters obtained from blood samples, tumor size and multiplicity were evaluated and significant parameters were put into a logistic regression model. RESULTS: The study group consisted of 80 non-muscle-invasive and 102 muscle-invasive patients. Age (</=69 vs. >69), female gender, NLR (2.57), mean platelet volume (7.9/fl) and platelet count (400,000/microl) were significant parameters and put in a model. Using odds ratios, the probability of  tumor invasiveness was calculated by a formula. CONCLUSION: Age, female gender, NLR and platelet count were found to be the predictors of invasiveness of urothelial carcinoma.

 

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[832]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Renal choriocarcinoma: gestational or germ cell origin?

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Int J Surg Pathol. 2012 Dec;20(6):623-8. doi: 10.1177/1066896912444160.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1177/1066896912444160

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Vereczkey I; Csernak E; Olasz J; Kuronya Z; Szentirmay Z; Toth E

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary. vereczkey.ildiko@oncol.hu

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Choriocarcinoma is a rare, highly malignant trophoblastic tumor with gestational  or, rarely, germ cell origin. Primary extragenital localization is extremely rare. This report describes a choriocarcinoma case clinically mimicking a primary renal cell carcinoma with multiplex pulmonary metastases. Differentiation from a  sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma with trophoblastic differentiation and identification of the exact origin, namely gestational or germ cell origin by molecular genetic methods is of great importance as it helps determine the prognosis and the most effective therapy of the disease. The Investigator Hexaplex ESS Kit was used for DNA polymorphism studies. This showed foreign alleles in the tumor DNA that confirmed the presence of paternal DNA and the gestational origin of the tumor.

 

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[833]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Spectrum of malignant renal and urinary bladder tumors on 18F-FDG PET/CT: a pictorial essay.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Clin Imaging. 2012 Nov-Dec;36(6):660-73. doi: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2012.01.010. Epub 2012 Jun 8.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.clinimag.2012.01.010

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Makis W; Ciarallo A; Rakheja R; Probst S; Hickeson M; Rush C; Novales-Diaz JA; Derbekyan V; Stern J; Lisbona R

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Nuclear Medicine, Brandon Regional Health Centre, 150 McTavish Ave  E, Brandon, MB, Canada R7A 2B3. makisw79@yahoo.com

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - A wide variety of malignant renal and urinary bladder diseases can be detected on (18)F-FDG PET/CT. Although the PET/CT findings are often nonspecific, the aim of  this atlas was to demonstrate that the spectrum of renal and urinary bladder malignancy that can be evaluated with PET/CT is much broader than current medical literature would suggest. PET/CT readers and oncologists should be aware of the variety of urological tumor types that can be detected on PET/CT and some of the  patterns of (18)F-FDG uptake that can be observed in these cases.

 

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[834]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Size of Bladder Cancers: Correlation among Different Types of Measurement.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Urol Int. 2013;90(2):191-4. doi: 10.1159/000343666. Epub 2012 Nov 6.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1159/000343666

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Racioppi M; Cappa E; D’Agostino D; Filianoti A; Pugliese D; Cadeddu C; De Wore C; Sacco E; Pinto F; D’Addessi A; Ghera P; Bassi PF

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Urological Clinic, Rome, Italy.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Objective: It was the aim of this study to evaluate the accuracy of the measurement of tumor size comparing the objective size with that measured by preoperative cystoscopy, by preoperative ultrasound (US) and with the diameter described by the operator before the transurethral resection. Patients and Methods: This study included 100 patients with bladder papillary endoscopic features of single or multiple neoplasms who were candidates for transurethral resection. The sizes of the same neoplasms measured during preoperative cystoscopy, preoperative US and described by the operator before the transurethral resection were evaluated. A statistical analysis of the errors of measurement was performed if compared with an objective measurement done with an  ureteral catheter. Results: The statistical analysis of the data shows that there are no substantial differences between the objective and subjective measurement,  and therefore, the measurements reported by individual operators are reliable. On the contrary, the diameters given by preoperative cystoscopy and US differ significantly from the objective measurement. Conclusions: This study shows that  the most reliable measurement is the subjective measurement made directly by the  urologist in the operating room.

 

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[835]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Urachal Carcinoid-A New Presentation.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Eur J Pediatr Surg. 2012 Oct 23.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1055/s-0032-1324797

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Tareen F; McDowell DT; O’Sullivan M; Mortell A

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Paediatric Surgery, Our Lady’s Children’s Hospital, Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland.

 

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[836]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Anatomic and technical considerations for optimizing recovery of urinary function during robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Curr Opin Urol. 2013 Jan;23(1):78-87. doi: 10.1097/MOU.0b013e32835b0ae5.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1097/MOU.0b013e32835b0ae5

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Vora AA; Dajani D; Lynch JH; Kowalczyk KJ

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The advent of robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy purported fewer complications including postprostatectomy incontinence (PPI). PPI is associated with worse quality of life. We evaluate recently reported robot-assisted radical prostatectomy surgical techniques aimed at limiting PPI, describe their anatomic basis and summarize their outcomes. RECENT FINDINGS: RARP techniques to reduce PPI include bladder neck preservation, bladder neck reconstruction, urethral length preservation, periurethral suspension stitch, posterior reconstruction, combined anterior and posterior reconstruction, preservation of the endopelvic fascia, complete anterior preservation, selective  suturing of dorsal venous complex and nerve sparing approach. Outcomes of reconstructive techniques seem to be conflicting, whereas outcomes of techniques  aiming to preserve the native urinary continence system seem to hasten urinary function recovery. However, few of these techniques have been shown to affect long-term urinary continence. SUMMARY: Surgical techniques preserving the natural urinary continence mechanism appear to improve short-term urinary continence, whereas techniques reconstructing pelvic anatomy have mixed results. The search for the ideal technique to minimize PPI remains hampered by the lack of prospective multi-institutional studies and the long-term follow up. Although reconstructive techniques are safe with few drawbacks, meticulous surgical technique and preservation of the natural continence mechanism should remain the  mainstay of PPI prevention.

 

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[837]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Ellagic Acid: Cytodifferentiating and Antiproliferative Effects In Human Prostatic Cancer Cell Lines.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Curr Pharm Des. 2012 Oct 18.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Vanella L; Barbagallo I; Acquaviva R; Di Giacomo C; Cardile V; Abraham NG; Sorrenti V

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Drug Science, Section of Biochemistry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy, v.le A. Doria 6, I-95125. sorrenti@unict.it.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Background: Recently, increasing attention has been given to neuroendocrine differentiation (NED) of Prostate Cancer and its diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic potential. During multistep carcinogenesis, cytodifferentiation of malignant/premalignant cells into more mature or normal-like cells, has become an attractive modality of treatment and promises to be a less toxic and a more specific targeting strategy than conventional chemotherapy. In this study we investigated the capacity of a polyphenol, ellagic acid (EA), to induce differentiation of two prostate cancer cell lines: LnCap and DU145. Methods: NED  markers, Chromogranin A (CgA) and p75NGFR levels were evaluated by immunocytochemistry. DNA methyltransferase-1 (DNMT-1) and phospho-Rb (p-Rb) expression were evaluated by western blotting. Akt activation was evaluated by ELISA. Finally the ability of EA to induce DNA damage in cancer cells was examined using the COMET assay. Results: Treatment with EA significantly reduced  CgA levels and increased p75NGFR expression. Moreover p-Rb, DNMT-1 levels and Akt activation/phosphorylation were decreased. EA treatment induced, in a dose-dependent manner, a marked increase in DNA damage, both in LnCap and DU145 cell lines. Conclusions: The results of this study demonstrate that EA treatment  represents a new approach and highly effective strategy in reducing carcinogenesis. Therefore, EA may be considered in a promising new class of cancer therapeutic agent, with both antiproliferative and pro-differentiation properties.

 

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[838]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Trigeminal perineural spread of renal cell carcinoma.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 2012 Oct;70(10):831.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Hornik A; Rosenblum J; Biller J

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Neurology, Chief Resident, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.

 

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[839]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Comparative assessment of 2-dimensional echocardiography vs cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in measuring left ventricular mass in patients with and without end-stage renal disease.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Can J Cardiol. 2013 Mar;29(3):384-90. doi: 10.1016/j.cjca.2012.07.013. Epub 2012  Oct 25.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.cjca.2012.07.013

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Jakubovic BD; Wald R; Goldstein MB; Leong-Poi H; Yuen DA; Perl J; Lima JA; Liu JJ; Kirpalani A; Dacouris N; Wald R; Connelly KA; Yan AT

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: While echocardiography (ECHO)-measured left ventricular mass (LVM) predicts adverse cardiovascular events that are common in hemodialysis (HD) recipients, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) is now considered the reference standard for determination of LVM. This study aimed to evaluate concordance between LVM measurements across ECHO and CMR among chronic HD recipients and matched controls. METHODS: A single-centre, cross-sectional study  of 41 chronic HD patients and 41 matched controls with normal kidney function was performed to compare LVM measurements and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) designation by ECHO and CMR. RESULTS: In both groups, ECHO, compared with CMR, overestimated LVM. Bland-Altman analysis demonstrated wider agreement limits in LVM measurements by ECHO and CMR in the chronic HD group (mean difference, 60.8 g; limits -23 g to 144.6 g) than in the group with normal renal function (mean difference, 51.4 g; limits -10.5 g to 113.3 g). LVH prevalence by ECHO and CMR in the chronic HD group was 37.5% and 22.5%, respectively, while 17.5% and 12.5% had LVH by ECHO and CMR, respectively, in the normal kidney function group. Intermodality agreement in the designation of LVH was modest in the chronic HD patients (kappa = 0.42, P = 0.005) but strong (kappa = 0.81, P < 0.001) in the patients with preserved kidney function. Agreement was strong in assessing LVH by ECHO and CMR only in those with normal kidney function. CONCLUSIONS: Our results  suggest that the limitations of LVM measurement by ECHO may be more pronounced in patients receiving HD, and provide additional support for the use of CMR in research and clinical practice when rigourous assessment of LVM is essential.

 

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[840]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - New emerging technologies in benign prostatic hyperplasia.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Curr Opin Urol. 2013 Jan;23(1):25-9. doi: 10.1097/MOU.0b013e32835abd34.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1097/MOU.0b013e32835abd34

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Lusuardi L; Hruby S; Janetschek G

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology and Andrology, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Mullner Hauptstr 48, 5020 Salzburg, Austria. l.lusuardi@salk.at

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Transurethral resection of the prostate has long been held as  the gold standard for treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH); however, there have been significant innovations in other less invasive alternative treatments for BPH in recent years. Our purpose is to present emerging surgical treatment modalities which have been presented in the last 12 months. RECENT FINDINGS: We report recent results in different treatment options for BPH. The concept of stenting the urethra has already been introduced nearly 20 years ago in urology and like intraprostatic injection of botulinum toxin it has found application in urological treatment of bladder outlet obstruction. The prostatic  urethral lift procedure is a novel surgical minimal invasive approach needing long-term results. Intraprostatic injections with NX-1207 and histotripsy fractionation of prostate tissue are treatment modalities, which are currently under evaluation for a clinical application in humans. SUMMARY: Anaesthesia-free  outpatient capability, lack of sexual side-effects and avoidance of actual surgery are attractive to patient and clinician alike. Some of the presented treatments may establish in clinical practice as a suitable treatment alternative to transurethral resection of the prostate and medical therapy.

 

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[841]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Correlation between benign prostatic hyperplasia and inflammation.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Curr Opin Urol. 2013 Jan;23(1):5-10. doi: 10.1097/MOU.0b013e32835abd4a.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1097/MOU.0b013e32835abd4a

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Bostanci Y; Kazzazi A; Momtahen S; Laze J; Djavan B

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review aims to evaluate the available evidence on the role of prostatic inflammation in the pathogenesis and progression of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). RECENT FINDINGS: Although there is still no evidence of a causal relation, accumulating evidence suggests that inflammation may contribute to the development of BPH and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Inflammatory infiltrates are frequently observed in prostate tissue specimens from men with BPH and the presence or degree of inflammation has been found to be correlated with prostate volume and weight. The inflammatory injury may contribute to cytokine production by inflammatory cells driving local growth factor production and angiogenesis in the prostatic tissue. This proinflammatory  microenvironment is closely related to BPH stromal hyperproliferation and tissue  remodeling with a local hypoxia induced by increased oxygen demands by proliferating cells which supports chronic inflammation as a source of oxidative  stress leading to tissue injury in infiltrating area. SUMMARY: Although the pathogenesis of BPH is not yet fully understood and several mechanisms seem to be involved in the development and progression, recent studies strongly suggest that BPH is an immune inflammatory disease. The T-cell activity and associated autoimmune reaction seem to induce epithelial and stromal cell proliferation. Further understanding of the role of inflammation in BPH and clinical detection of this inflammation will expand the understanding of BPH pathogenesis and its histologic and clinical progression, allow risk stratification for patients presenting with BPH-related LUTS, and suggest novel treatment strategies.

 

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[842]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Commentary on “denosumab and bone-metastasis-free survival in men with castration-resistant prostate cancer: results of a phase 3, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.” M.R. Smith, F. Saad, R. Coleman, N. Shore, K. Fizazi,  B. Tombal, K. Miller, P. Sieber, L. Karsh, R. Damiao, T.L. Tammela, B. Egerdie, H. Van Poppel, J. Chin, J. Morote, F. Gomez-Veiga, T. Borkowski, Z. Ye, A. Kupic, R. Dansey, C. Goessl, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02114, USA.: Lancet 2012;379:39-46 [Epub;2011, November 15].

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Urol Oncol. 2012 Sep;30(5):747. doi: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2012.06.008.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.urolonc.2012.06.008

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Trump DL

 

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[843]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Urodynamic effects of the combination of tamsulosin and daily tadalafil in men with lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia: a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Int Urol Nephrol. 2013 Feb;45(1):39-43. doi: 10.1007/s11255-012-0317-7. Epub 2012 Oct 30.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s11255-012-0317-7

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Regadas RP; Reges R; Cerqueira JB; Sucupira DG; Josino IR; Nogueira EA; Jamacaru FV; de Moraes MO; Silva LF

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Division of Urology, Universidade Federal do Ceara, 280, Antonele Bezerra st. Ap  1501, Meireles, Fortaleza, Ceara 60160-070, Brazil.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of association of tamsulosin/tadalafil taken daily compared with tamsulosin/placebo in the lower urinary tract with urodynamic study (UDS). METHODS: All patients underwent baseline UDS before randomization to tamsulosin 0.4 mg/tadalafil 5 mg (Group 1; n = 20) or tamsulosin 0.4 mg/placebo (Group 2; n = 20) once daily for 30 days. End-of-study UDS were performed on completion of the treatment period. The primary end point was to demonstrate changes in urodynamic variables in the voiding phase, detrusor pressure at maximum flow (PdetQmax), and maximum flow rate (Qmax), from baseline to week four. RESULTS: The primary outcome measure of this clinical trial, PdetQmax, showed a significant reduction in tamsulosin/tadalafil group (13 +/- 17.0) compared to tamsulosin/placebo (-1.2 +/- 14.35) group (P = 0.03). Qmax increased  in both groups, tamsulosin/tadalafil (1.0 +/- 2.4) and tamsulosin/placebo (1.4 +/- 2.4), but the difference was not significant between treatment groups (P = 0.65). Total IPSS, storage, and voiding sub-score improved significantly in tamsulosin/tadalafil compared with tamsulosin/placebo group. CONCLUSIONS: The association of tamsulosin/tadalafil reduces detrusor pressure at maximum flow without changing the maximum flow rate during micturition and significantly improves lower urinary tract symptoms compared with the isolated use of tamsulosin.

 

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[844]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Personal preferences and discordant prostate cancer treatment choice in an intervention trial of men newly diagnosed with localized prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2012 Sep 28;10:123. doi: 10.1186/1477-7525-10-123.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1186/1477-7525-10-123

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Bosco JL; Halpenny B; Berry DL

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, LW 519, Boston, MA 02215, USA. Jaclyn_Bosco@dfci.harvard.edu

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Men diagnosed with localized prostate cancer (LPC) can choose from multiple treatment regimens and are faced with a decision in which medical factors and personal preferences are important. The Personal Patient Profile-Prostate (P3P) is a computerized decision aid for men with LPC that focuses on personal preferences. We determined whether the P3P intervention improved the concordance of treatment choice with self-reported influential side-effects compared with a control group. METHODS: English/Spanish-speaking men diagnosed with LPC (2007-2009) from four US cities were enrolled into a randomized trial and followed through 6-months via mailed or online questionnaire. Men were randomized to receive the P3P intervention or standard education plus links to reputable websites. We classified choice as concordant if men were concerned with (a) sexual function and chose external beam radiotherapy  or brachytherapy, (b) bowel function and chose prostatectomy, (c) sex, bowel, and/or bladder function and chose active surveillance, or (d) not concerned with  any side effect and chose any treatment. Using logistic regression, we calculated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between the P3P intervention and concordance. RESULTS: Of 448 men, most were <65 years, non-Hispanic white, had multiple physician consultations prior to enrollment, and chose a treatment discordant with concerns about potential side effects. There was no significant difference in concordance between the intervention (45%) and control (50%) group (OR = 0.82; 95%CI = 0.56, 1.2). CONCLUSIONS: The P3P intervention did not improve concordance between potential side effects and treatment choice. Information and/or physician consultation immediately after diagnosis was likely to influence decisions despite concerns about side effects.  The intervention may be more effective before the first treatment options consultation. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT00692653 clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00692653.

 

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[845]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Optimizing further treatment choices in short- and long-term responders to first-line therapy for patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Expert Rev Anticancer Ther. 2012 Aug;12(8):1089-96. doi: 10.1586/era.12.76.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1586/era.12.76

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Procopio G; Sabbatini R; Porta C; Verzoni E; Galligioni E; Ortega C

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Medical Oncology, Unit 2, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via G. Veneziani 1, 20133 Milan, Italy. giuseppe.procopio@istitutotumori.mi.it

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Sequencing decisions in advanced renal cell carcinoma are likely to become more difficult when new targeted agents are approved for first and subsequent lines of therapy. Approximately 70% of patients benefit from targeted therapy before progression, of which 20% can be described as short-term responders (progression-free survival: <6 months) and 50% as long-term responders (progression-free survival: >6 months). The remaining 30% show either no response (20%) or are intolerant to treatment (10%). The challenge is to establish the optimal second-line agent for over 70% of patients who progress following initial response to a first-line tyrosine kinase inhibitor. As it is impossible to define the optimal second-line therapy for every patient, it is suggested that age and comorbidities of the patient, the sites of disease and the side effects of previous therapies be taken into account in order to optimize the use of different agents sequentially.

 

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[846]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - C-reactive protein: A biomarker of survival in patients with localized upper tract urothelial carcinoma treated with radical nephroureterectomy.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Urol Oncol. 2012 Nov 8. pii: S1078-1439(12)00170-6. doi: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2012.05.008.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.urolonc.2012.05.008

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Obata J; Kikuchi E; Tanaka N; Matsumoto K; Hayakawa N; Ide H; Miyajima A; Nakagawa K; Oya M

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Serum C-reactive protein (CRP) is one particular marker of systemic inflammation, and an elevated CRP level is associated with poor outcome in various malignancies. While the clinical value of CRP levels in upper  tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) has not yet been fully evaluated, we investigated the impact of CRP elevation as a biomarker of patient prognosis in UTUC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 183 patients who underwent radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) for localized UTUC (pTa-4N0M0) were identified between 1993 and 2009. The associations between the levels of serum CRP and patient outcome were analyzed. RESULTS: Thirty-three patients experienced disease recurrence, and 28 died of the disease during the median follow-up period of 39 months. Using the defined cutoff level of CRP >0.5 mg/dl as elevated, preoperative CRP (pre-CRP) levels were elevated in 42 patients (23.0%). Kaplan-Meier curves revealed that subsequent tumor recurrences and worse cancer-specific survival could be significantly predicted in the elevated pre-CRP group. The 5-year recurrence-free survival rate was 63.6% in the elevated pre-CRP group and 83.4% in their counterparts (P < 0.001), and the 5-year cancer-specific survival rate was 64.7% in the elevated pre-CRP group and 84.3% in their counterparts (P = 0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that elevated pre-CRP, in addition to pathologic T stage, was an independent risk factor for subsequent  disease recurrence (P = 0.003, hazard ration (HR) = 2.83), and the decrease in cancer-specific survival (P = 0.012, HR = 2.65). In subgroup analysis using patients with pT3 tumors or greater, multivariate analysis also showed that elevated pre-CRP was an independent risk factor for a decrease in both recurrence-free and cancer-specific survival. CONCLUSIONS: Pre-CRP level was an independent predictor of patient survival in localized advanced UTUC. Patients with pre-CRP >0.5 mg/dl were strongly predicted to have worse prognostic outcomes following RNU. Due to its low cost and easy accessibility, CRP may be a useful biomarker for localized UTUC.

 

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[847]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - A randomized controlled trial of postoperative tumor lysate-pulsed dendritic cells and cytokine-induced killer cells immunotherapy in patients with localized  and locally advanced renal cell carcinoma.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Chin Med J (Engl). 2012 Nov;125(21):3771-7.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Zhan HL; Gao X; Pu XY; Li W; Li ZJ; Zhou XF; Qiu JG

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: It remains a challenge to inhibit the local recurrence or distant metastasis of localized or locally advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) after surgical resection. We investigated the feasibility, safety and efficacy of immunotherapy using autologous tumor lysate (TL)-pulsed dendritic cells (DCs) and cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells in patients with localized or locally advanced RCC. METHODS: From January 2001 to July 2009, we collected 137 patients  that met the selection criteria and randomly divided them into three groups. After surgery, immunotherapy with TL-pulsed DCs-CIK cells (DC-CIK group) and interferon (IFN)-alpha (IFN-alpha group) was performed in 46 patients, respectively. The other 45 patients received no postoperative adjuvant therapy (the control group). The changes in the numbers of T lymphocyte subsets, including CD4(+)CD25(high) regulatory T cells (Treg), were determined before the  operation and after immunotherapy. The overall survival was compared among the three groups. RESULTS: An increase of the CD4(+)/CD8(+) ratio and a decrease of CD4(+)CD25(high) cells were observed after TL-pulsed DC-CIK cells or IFN-a immunotherapy. All patients tolerated the TL-pulsed DC-CIK cells immunotherapy very well, and side effects in the DC-CIK group were less than in the IFN-alpha group. The metastasis and recurrence rates were significantly decreased after TL-pulsed DC-CIK cells or IFN-alpha immunotherapy compared with the control group (P < 0.01). The Log-rank test showed that the overall survival rates were significantly higher in the DC-CIK group and IFN-alpha group than that in the control group (P < 0.01), but there was no difference between the DC-CIK group and IFN-alpha group (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Postoperative immunotherapy with TL-pulsed DC-CIK cells may prevent recurrence/metastasis and increase the overall survival rate after surgery in localized or locally advanced RCC.

 

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[848]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Establishing the clinical and economic benefits of adherence to 5-alpha reductase inhibitors in benign prostatic hyperplasia: an assessment of Medicare and Medicaid patients.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2012 Dec;13(18):2593-600. doi: 10.1517/14656566.2012.744821. Epub 2012 Nov 19.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1517/14656566.2012.744821

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Eaddy M; Kruep E; Lunacsek O; Goodwin B

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Xcenda, LLC , 4114 Woodlands Pkwy, Ste 500 Palm Harbor, FL 34685, USA. michael.eaddy@xcenda.com

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - OBJECTIVE: The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the length of 5-alpha reductase inhibitor (5ARI) therapy on the likelihood of acute urinary retention (AUR) and prostate surgery in patients diagnosed with benign prostatic  hyperplasia (BPH). Additionally, this study attempted to quantify the relationship between length of 5ARI therapy and monthly BPH-related medical costs. STUDY DESIGN: This study used MarketScan® claims data from January 1, 2003, to December 31, 2008. Male Medicare patients >/= 65 years and Medicaid patients >/= 50 years who received a diagnosis of BPH and at least one claim for  a 5ARI during the study period were included. Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the effect of length of therapy on AUR and surgery, whereas generalized linear models were used to assess the effect on costs. RESULTS: In 28,903 patients, every additional 30 days of 5ARI therapy reduced the likelihood  of AUR and prostate surgery by 14 and 11%, respectively, while each 30-day increment of 5ARI therapy reduced BPH-related costs by 15%. CONCLUSION: For patients remaining on 5ARI therapy, significant clinical and economic benefits may be realized, including reductions in AUR and prostate surgery rates and reduced medical costs for these clinical events.

 

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[849]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - The importance of supportive care in optimizing treatment outcomes of patients with advanced prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Oncologist. 2012;17 Suppl 1:23-30.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1634/theoncologist.2012-S1-23

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Scotte F

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Medical Oncology, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Paris, France. florian.scotte@egp.aphp.fr

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Optimal oncologic care of older men with prostate cancer, including effective prevention and management of the disease and treatment side effects (so-called best supportive care measures) can prolong survival, improve quality of life, and reduce depressive symptoms. In addition, the proportion of treatment discontinuations can be reduced through early reporting and management of side effects. Pharmacologic care may be offered to manage the side effects of androgen-deprivation therapy and chemotherapy, which may include hot flashes, febrile neutropenia, fatigue, and diarrhea. Nonpharmacologic care (e.g., physical exercise, acupuncture, relaxation) has also been shown to benefit patients. At the Georges Pompidou European Hospital, the Program of Optimization of Chemotherapy Administration has demonstrated that improved outpatient follow-up by supportive care measures can reduce the occurrence of chemotherapy-related side effects, reduce cancellations and modifications of treatment, reduce chemotherapy wastage, and reduce the length of stay in the outpatient unit. The importance of supportive care measures to optimize management and outcomes of older men with advanced prostate cancer should not be overlooked.

 

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[850]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - A molecular case report: functional assay of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in cells  from a patient’s primary renal cell carcinoma.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Cancer Biol Ther. 2013 Feb;14(2):95-9. doi: 10.4161/cbt.22960. Epub 2012 Nov 28.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 4161/cbt.22960

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Kulesz-Martin MF; Lagowski J; Olson S; Wortham A; West T; Thomas G; Ryan C; Tyner JW

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Knight Cancer Institute and Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health and Science  University, Portland, OR, USA. kuleszma@ohsu.edu and ryanc@ ohsu.edu

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Current therapies for Renal Cell Carcinoma favor vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGF-R) tyrosine kinase (TK) inhibitors (TKIs). In theory, these are most applicable in tumors that have lost VHL-with subsequent stabilization of HIF and upregulation of VEGF. A subset of patients harbor primary-refractory disease, as in this case, where there was no evidence for loss of VHL or chromosome 3p. We evaluated molecular targeted agents in viable tumor cells cultured from a patient’s clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Of 66 agents, only dasatinib, an inhibitor of Src tyrosine kinase, strongly reduced viability of the patient’s cultured kidney tumor cells. Immunostaining of the original primary tumor revealed strong positivity for VHL and Src protein expression. Functional evaluation of a patient’s tumor cells appears feasible in the setting  of RCC.

 

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[851]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Commentary on “comparative effectiveness of axitinib vs. sorafenib in advanced renal cell carcinoma (AXIS): a randomized phase 3 trial.” B.I. Rini, B. Escudier, P. Tomczak, A. Kaprin, C. Szczylik, T.E. Hutson, M.D. Michaelson, V.A. Gorbunova, M.E. Gore, I.G. Rusakov, S. Negrier, Y.C. Ou, D. Castellano, H.Y. Lim, H. Uemura, J. Tarazi, D. Cella, C. Chen, B. Rosbrook, S. Kim, R.J. Motzer: Lancet 2011;378:1931-9 [Epub;2011, November 4].

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Urol Oncol. 2012 Sep;30(5):748. doi: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2012.06.009.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.urolonc.2012.06.009

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Trump DL

 

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[852]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Treatment of localised prostate cancer: inform patients about adverse effects.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Prescrire Int. 2012 Oct;21(131):247.

 

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[853]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - The Patient Deficit Model Overturned: a qualitative study of patients’ perceptions of invitation to participate in a randomized controlled trial comparing selective bladder preservation against surgery in muscle invasive bladder cancer (SPARE, CRUK/07/011).

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Trials. 2012 Nov 29;13:228. doi: 10.1186/1745-6215-13-228.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1186/1745-6215-13-228

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Moynihan C; Lewis R; Hall E; Jones E; Birtle A; Huddart R

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK. Clare.Moynihan@icr.ac.uk

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Evidence suggests that poor recruitment into clinical trials rests on a patient ‘deficit’ model - an inability to comprehend trial processes. Poor communication has also been cited as a possible barrier to recruitment. A qualitative patient interview study was included within the feasibility stage of  a phase III non-inferiority Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) (SPARE, CRUK/07/011) in muscle invasive bladder cancer. The aim was to illuminate problems in the context of randomization. METHODS: The qualitative study used a ‘Framework Analysis’ that included ‘constant comparison’ in which semi-structured interviews are transcribed, analyzed, compared and contrasted both between and within transcripts. Three researchers coded and interpreted data. RESULTS: Twenty-four patients agreed to enter the interview study; 10 decliners of randomization and 14 accepters, of whom 2 subsequently declined their allocated treatment.The main theme applying to the majority of the sample was confusion and ambiguity. There was little indication that confusion directly impacted on decisions to enter the SPARE trial. However, confusion did appear to impact on ethical considerations surrounding ‘informed consent’, as well as cause a sense of alienation between patients and health personnel.Sub-optimal communication in  many guises accounted for the confusion, together with the logistical elements of a trial that involved treatment options delivered in a number of geographical locations. CONCLUSIONS: These data highlight the difficulty of providing balanced and clear trial information within the UK health system, despite best intentions. Involvement of multiple professionals can impact on communication processes with  patients who are considering participation in RCTs. Our results led us to question the ‘deficit’ model of patient behavior. It is suggested that health professionals might consider facilitating a context in which patients feel fully  included in the trial enterprise and potentially consider alternatives to randomization where complex interventions are being tested. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN61126465.

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[854]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Patients with colorectal and renal cell carcinoma diagnoses appear to be at risk  for additional malignancies.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Clin Colorectal Cancer. 2013 Mar;12(1):23-7. doi: 10.1016/j.clcc.2012.07.004. Epub 2012 Sep 29.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.clcc.2012.07.004

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Steinhagen E; Moore HG; Lee-Kong SA; Shia J; Eaton A; Markowitz AJ; Russo P; Guillem JG

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Surgery, Colorectal Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) and renal cell carcinoma (RCC) may be at risk for additional primary malignancies. A review of 101 patients with these concurrent diagnoses was performed. Forty-two percent of patients had 1 or more additional malignancies; none appeared to be associated with Lynch syndrome (LS). This suggests the need for careful follow-up in these patients and further study. BACKGROUND: Small studies have demonstrated that patients who have both colorectal and renal cell carcinoma may be at increased risk for the development  of additional malignancies. A possible genetic basis has been suggested. Our study describes the clinicopathologic features of these patients and clarifies the relationship of this cohort with Lynch syndrome (LS). METHODS: Patients with  primary CRC and RCC treated at our institution were identified. Medical records were reviewed for demographic and clinical information. Immunohistochemical staining for mismatch repair (MMR) proteins was performed on tumor tissue when possible. RESULTS: During the study period, 24,642 patients were treated for CRC  and 7,366 were treated for RCC at our institution. One hundred seventy-nine patients had both diagnoses, with 101 patients eligible for inclusion in our cohort. Tumors were typically early stage. The 2 cancers presented as synchronous lesions in 42% of patients. Thirty-two patients had 1 additional primary malignancy, 7 patients had 2 additional primary malignancies, and 3 patients had  3 additional primary malignancies. No patient had a family history that met the Amsterdam II criteria (AC) for LS, but 50% had family members with 1 malignancy.  One of 10 colorectal tumors analyzed for the absence of MMR protein expression demonstrated the absence of MSH6, but the corresponding RCC demonstrated intact expression of all 4 MMR proteins. CONCLUSION: It is rare for patients to be diagnosed with both CRC and RCC. The clinicopathologic features of this cohort and the results of immunohistochemical analysis performed on a sample of these patients do not suggest LS. However, the high rate of additional carcinomas suggests a need for careful follow-up. Multicenter longitudinal studies are warranted to further understand the natural history and possible genetic basis for this entity.

 

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[855]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Bevacizumab in combination with IFN-alpha in metastatic renal cell carcinoma: the AVOREN trial.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Expert Rev Anticancer Ther. 2012 Oct;12(10):1253-61. doi: 10.1586/era.12.103. Epub 2012 Nov 8.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1586/era.12.103

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Melichar B; Prochazkova-Studentova H; Vitaskova D

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Oncology, Palacky University Medical School and Teaching Hospital,  I.P. Pavlova 6, 775 20 Olomouc, Czech Republic. bohuslav.melichar@fnol.cz

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) is tumor resistant to all cytotoxic agents. During the last decade, effective targeted therapies emerged including sunitinib, pazopanib and the combination of bevacizumab with IFN-alpha. The use of bevacizumab plus IFN-alpha combination in mRCC is supported by the AVOREN trial. Although the primary end point of the AVOREN trial was overall survival, progression-free survival was used to evaluate efficacy and served as the basis of regulatory submission owing to the advent of targeted agents that probably resulted in the prolongation of overall survival in both experimental and control arms. The doubling of median progression-free survival in the AVOREN trials (from 5.4 to 10.2 months) is remarkably similar compared with the results of Phase III  trials with sunitinib and pazopanib. Bevacizumab plus IFN-alpha is the only combined regimen currently used in mRCC and serves as a comparator in the trials  combining bevacizumab with other agents.

 

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[856]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - A preoperative prognostic model predicting recurrence-free survival for patients  with kidney cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Jpn J Clin Oncol. 2013 Jan;43(1):63-8. doi: 10.1093/jjco/hys192. Epub 2012 Nov 15.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1093/jjco/hys192

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Yaycioglu O; Eskicorapci S; Karabulut E; Soyupak B; Gogus C; Divrik T; Turkeri L; Yazici S; Ozen H

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Baskent University School of Medicine, Department of Urology, Adana Clinic & Research Center, Dadaloglu MH. 39 SOK. NO:6, 01250 Yuregir, Adana, Turkey. yaycioglu@yahoo.com

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - OBJECTIVE: To develop a preoperative prognostic model in order to predict recurrence-free survival in patients with nonmetastatic kidney cancer. METHODS: A multi-institutional data base of 1889 patients who underwent surgical resection between 1987 and 2007 for kidney cancer was retrospectively analyzed. Preoperative variables were defined as age, gender, presentation, size, presence  of radiological lymph nodes and clinical stage. Univariate and multivariate analyses of the variables were performed using the Cox proportional hazards regression model. A model was developed with preoperative variables as predictors of recurrence after nephrectomy. Internal validation was performed by Harrell’s concordance index. RESULTS: The median follow-up was 23.6 months (1-222 months).  During the follow-up, 258 patients (13.7%) developed cancer recurrence. The median follow-up for patients who did not develop recurrence was 25 months. The median time from surgery to recurrence was 13 months. The 5-year freedom from recurrence probability was 78.6%. All variables except age were associated with freedom from recurrence in multivariate analyses (P < 0.05). Age was marginally significant in the univariate analysis. All variables were included in the predictive model. The calculated c-index was 0.747. CONCLUSIONS: This preoperative model utilizes easy to obtain clinical variables and predicts the likelihood of development of recurrent disease in patients with kidney tumors.

 

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[857]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Which is a better indicator of bladder outlet obstruction in patients with benign prostatic enlargement—intravesical protrusion of prostate or bladder wall thickness?

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Med Arh. 2012;66(5):324-8.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Aganovic D; Hasanbegovic M; Prcic A; Kulovac B; Hadziosmanovic O

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Urology Clinic, Clinical Centre of University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. dagano@lsinter.net

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - OBJECTIVE: To determine the correlation of intravesical prostatic protrusion (IPP) and bladder wall thickness (BWT) with clinical and urodynamic parameters, as well as their sensitivity and specificity with regard to bladder outlet obstruction in patients with a benign prostatic enlargement (BPE). MATERIALS AND  methods: 111 patients with lower urinary tract symptoms and confirmed BPE completed the International Prostatic Symptom Score (I-PSS), as well as a transabdominal ultrasound to determine their prostate volume, a grade of IPP and  BWT. All the patients were then subjected to the complete urodynamic studies (UDS). RESULTS: The IPP showed a good correlation with the prostate volume (r = 0.61) and serum PSA (r = 0.48); p = 0.0000, free uroflowmetry (r = -0.27; p = 0.004), as well as the determinants of urodynamic obstruction: bladder outlet obstruction index-BOOI (r = 0.36; p < 0.0001), and ICS and Schaefer obstruction class nomograms (rho = 0.33 and rho = 0.39, respectively; p < 0.001), while the BWT showed only a statistical correlation with age (r = 0.23; p = 0.02) and serum PSA (r = 0.4; p = 0.0000), regardless of an significant correlation with the IPP  (r = 0.45; p = 0.0000). The ANOVA test showed a significant difference between the IPP grades for the observed clinical and urodynamic variables with an increase in significance for IPP>10 mm. The area under the ROC curve in the prediction of obstruction for the IPP is 0.71 (sensitivity 59.6, specificity 81.4), while the AUC for the BWT is 0.61 (sensitivity 64.5, specificity 59.2). The stepwise logistic regression model shows that most significant independent variables for the obstruction are the IPP, Q(max) free and age, with the area under the ROC curve of 0.78 (95% CI 0.695 to 0.856). CONCLUSION: The IPP higher than 10 mm as a non-invasive predictor of infravesical obstruction shows good correlations with clinical and urodynamic parameters, while the specificity and PPV against obstruction are significant. Despite a good correlation with IPP, the BWT is only a modest indicator of obstruction.

 

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[858]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - How reliable are “reputable sources” for medical information on the Internet? The case of hormonal therapy to treat prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Urol Oncol. 2012 Nov 7. pii: S1078-1439(12)00259-1. doi: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2012.08.003.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.urolonc.2012.08.003

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Ogah I; Wassersug RJ

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - OBJECTIVES: Prostate cancer patients, as well as their caregivers and healthcare  providers, often search the Internet for information about treatment options. We  aimed to assess how accurate and up-to-date information about prostate cancer treatments is on websites owned and managed by health-related organizations that  most patients and health care providers would consider to be the most trustworthy, based on the reputations of the site providers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed 43 noncommercial and easily found websites that offered extensive information on treatment options for prostate cancer patients. To assess how comprehensive the sites were, we focused on the information they provided on alternative hormonal therapies to commonly prescribed luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonists, namely GnRH antagonists and parenteral estradiol. RESULTS: Only 14 of 43 websites presented GnRH antagonists as a therapy option for prostate cancer. Sixteen of these 43 websites presented estrogen as a possible treatment option, but only 1 of the 43 websites contained  current information on parenteral estrogen treatments. Less than half of the sites provided time stamps indicating when they were last updated. Furthermore, most sites with time stamps were not in fact up-to-date based on the information  posted on the site. CONCLUSIONS: Few seemingly reputable Internet sources for medical information provide viewers with the detailed and up-to-date information  that they may expect from such sites when searching for alternatives to standard  treatment for androgen suppression. Strategies for keeping such websites up-to-date and reliable are discussed. Sites may improve their credibility and usefulness if they (1) present all evidence-based treatment options, (2) regularly update and time stamp their information, (3) acknowledge that their recommendations on treatments may become out-of-date quickly, (4) and direct viewers to information on relevant, active clinical trials. Maintaining high quality sites may ultimately depend on users taking the initiative to inform website owners when their sites are out-of-date.

 

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[859]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Role of tumor location in selecting patients for percutaneous versus surgical cryoablation of renal masses.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Can J Urol. 2012 Oct;19(5):6417-22.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Long CJ; Canter DJ; Smaldone MC; Li T; Simhan J; Rozenfeld B; Teper E; Chen DY; Greenberg RE; Viterbo R; Uzzo RG; Kutikov A

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Temple University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - INTRODUCTION: To characterize the relationship between tumor location and choice  in selecting surgical cryoablation (SCA) versus percutaneous cryoablation (PCA) for treatment of renal masses. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MEDLINE search was performed to identify studies in which cryoablation was used as therapy for renal masses. Tumor location was stratified as anterior, posterior, or lateral. Lesions were also described by endophycity (endo-, meso-, or exophytic) and polarity (upper, mid, or lower pole). Treating specialty was stratified as urology, radiology, or both. Comorbidity reporting rates were indexed for each manuscript. RESULTS: Thirty-seven manuscripts included 2344 lesions treated by SCA or PCA formed the basis for the analysis. Comparing SCA versus PCA series, anterior/posterior designation was reported in 31% versus 47% of series; endophycity designation was reported in 17% versus 40% of series; and polarity designation was reported in 48% versus 47% of series (all p values > 0.05). Amongst those lesions treated by SCA, 44% were anterior lesions and 28% were posterior, while among PCA-treated lesions 9% were anterior and 81% were posterior. Tumor location description was entirely absent in 32% (14/44) of published series. CONCLUSIONS: Despite data that tumor location is integral to choice of treatment for renal mass, anatomic tumor descriptors are vastly underreported in the cryotherapy literature. Nearly one third of masses treated with SCA are on the posterior surface of the affected kidney, and may be amenable to PCA, thus avoiding risk of general anesthesia and intraabdominal dissection in comorbid cohorts. Better reporting of objective measures of tumor anatomy and location in cryosurgery literature may facilitate standardization of treatment protocols in patients with renal mass.

 

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[860]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Association of ERCC1 SNPs with outcome in platinum-treated patients with advanced urothelial cancer: a Hellenic Cooperative Oncology Group study.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Pharmacogenomics. 2012 Nov;13(14):1595-607. doi: 10.2217/pgs.12.162.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 2217/pgs.12.162

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Nikitas N; Karadimou A; Tsitoura E; Soupos N; Tsiatas M; Karavasilis V; Pectasides D; Pavlidis N; Chrisofos M; Adamakis I; Murray S; Fountzilas G; Dimopoulos MA; Bamias A

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Clinical Therapeutics, University of Athens Medical School, Oncology Unit, Alexandra Hospital, 80 Vas. Sofias Avenue, 115 28 Athens, Greece.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - AIM: The association between two polymorphisms of ERCC1 and treatment outcomes after platinum-based chemotherapy in patients with advanced urothelial cancer (UC) was examined. MATERIALS & METHODS: Genotyping of 19007C>T and 8092C>A polymorphisms was determined by PCR amplification and RFLP in 113 advanced UC patients, treated with platinum-based chemotherapy. RESULTS: Seventy eight patients (69%) were carriers of the 19007T polymorphic allele: 51 (45%) heterozygotes and 27 (24%) homozygotes. Fifty three (47%) patients were carriers  of the 8092A polymorphic allele: the frequencies of C/A and A/A genotypes were 37% and 10%, respectively. The T/T genotype was independently associated with prolonged median cancer-specific survival (not-reached vs 14.8 months; p = 0.026). There was no interaction between T/T or any other genotype with the type  of platinum derivative (cisplatin/carboplatin). CONCLUSION: 19007C>T, especially  in its homozygotic state, but not 8092C>A polymorphism, could be a useful prognostic marker in advanced UC treated with platinum-based chemotherapy.

 

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[861]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - A nationwide study of mass urine screening tests on Korean school children and implications for chronic kidney disease management.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Clin Exp Nephrol. 2012 Nov 8.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s10157-012-0672-9

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Cho BS; Hahn WH; Cheong HI; Lim I; Ko CW; Kim SY; Lee DY; Ha TS; Suh JS

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Hoegi-dong #1, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-702, Korea.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Since 1998, urine screening tests have been performed on school children in Korea. We report the findings of the screening program that analyzed  patients with proteinuria and/or hematuria. METHODS: Between 1999 and 2008, 5,114 children were referred to pediatric nephrologists at seven nationwide hospitals.  Renal biopsies were performed on 1,478 children [28.79 % of total subjects; 26.77 % for isolated hematuria (IH), 9.09 % for isolated proteinuria (IP), and 51.19 %  for combined hematuria and proteinuria (CHP)] who showed abnormal renal function, persistent hematuria and/or proteinuria for more than 6 months, nephrotic-range proteinuria, or those with underlying systemic diseases. RESULTS: Chronic glomerulonephritis (GN) was detected in 25 % of all visiting subjects. The most common findings in renal biopsies were immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy in 38.97 %, mesangial proliferative GN in 24.29 %, and thin basement membrane nephropathy in 13.13 %. Compared with the relative frequency of renal diseases associated with urinary abnormalities, CHP (46.90 %) and nephrotic-range proteinuria (69.96 %) groups had more frequent GN than the others. Abnormal findings on renal ultrasound with or without Doppler scan were noted in 462 cases (suspected nutcracker phenomenon, 159; increased parenchymal echogenicity, 92; hydronephrosis, 75; simple cyst, 47). CONCLUSION: Mass urine screening tests could detect asymptomatic GN in its early stages. Initial aggressive diagnosis and treatment for CHP and nephrotic-range groups may prove helpful as interventions that delay chronic kidney disease progression. These findings may assist in the development of diagnostic and management guidelines for relatively  mild urinary abnormalities, such as IH or low-grade IP.

 

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[862]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Primary resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors in patients with advanced renal  cell carcinoma: state-of-the-science.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Expert Rev Anticancer Ther. 2012 Dec;12(12):1571-7. doi: 10.1586/era.12.81. Epub  2012 Nov 26.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1586/era.12.81

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Porta C; Sabbatini R; Procopio G; Paglino C; Galligioni E; Ortega C

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Medical Oncology, IRCCS, San Matteo University Hospital Foundation, Piazzale C. Golgi, 19, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. c.porta@sanmatteo.pv.it

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Although over 70% of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) respond  to initial therapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (disease control rate 70-80%), approximately 20-30% of patients do not respond to first-line therapy and progress within </=3 months. Understanding the mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies is vital in the development of prospectively defined sequences and because the choice of first-line therapy determines that of second and subsequent line therapy, identification of the optimal first-line therapy is a priority for clinicians treating patients with metastatic RCC. By preselecting those patients most likely to respond to antivascular endothelial growth factor therapy, clinicians can begin to optimize therapeutic strategies. This review focuses on primary antivascular endothelial growth factor-refractory patients and the move towards individualizing treatment for RCC. The authors include a review  of the growing number of studies, as yet retrospective, which provide important information on the group of primary refractory patients with advanced RCC for whom the prognosis is not good. First, the percentage of primary refractory patients (26%) is in agreement with disease control rate - the sum of objective responses and disease stabilization, observed in registration studies for a range of tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Second, the prognosis for these patients is poor as they do not respond to first-line nor to second-line therapy, and changing the mechanism of action (with inhibition of mTOR pathway) does not appear to produce  additional benefits. Third and most importantly, the results of these studies demonstrate the need to better characterize the mechanism of primary resistance to current therapeutic agents with the ultimate aim of developing a therapeutic strategy for this important subgroup of patients.

 

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[863]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Human periprostatic white adipose tissue is rich in stromal progenitor cells and  a potential source of prostate tumor stroma.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2012 Oct 1;237(10):1155-62. doi: 10.1258/ebm.2012.012131. Epub 2012 Oct 4.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1258/ebm.2012.012131

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Ribeiro R; Monteiro C; Silvestre R; Castela A; Coutinho H; Fraga A; Principe P; Lobato C; Costa C; Cordeiro-da-Silva A; Lopes JM; Lopes C; Medeiros R

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Molecular Oncology Group-CI, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Rua Dr. Antonio Bernardino Almeida, Porto, Portugal.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - A body of growing evidence now implicates white adipose tissue as a relevant source of stromal progenitor cells recruited to the tumor microenvironment to form supportive tumor stroma. While the role of periprostatic (PP) adipose tissue in prostate cancer progression has been barely appreciated, we sought to determine the progenitor cell population in PP adipose tissue and the association with prostate cancer. We isolated and characterized CD31(-)CD34(+)CD45(-)CD146(-) progenitor cells (adipose-derived stem cells [ASC]) in paired samples of PP and preperitoneal visceral adipose tissue from prostate tissue and peripheral blood mononuclear cells of prostate cancer and nodular prostatic hyperplasia patients.  ASC were quantified by flow cytometry and confirmed through target gene expression. Here we show a significantly higher amount of ASC in PP than in visceral adipose tissue, independent of body mass index and prostatic disease. In the prostate, ASC are increased in cancer compared with prostatic nodular hyperplasia patients. Concordantly, adipsin gene (CFD) expression, which is known to be up-regulated in adipose stem cells, was overexpressed in PP adipose tissue, in the prostate of cancer patients and in prostate CD31(-)CD34(+)CD45(-)CD146(-)  sorted cells. ASC were found at higher levels in the blood of prostate cancer patients simultaneously overweight/obese. Present findings indicate that PP adipose tissue is a reservoir of progenitor cells with the potential to migrate towards prostate tumors, although its clinical significance merits further evaluation.

 

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[864]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Efficacy and safety of orally disintegrating tamsulosin tablets in Taiwanese patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Aging Male. 2012 Dec;15(4):246-52. doi: 10.3109/13685538.2012.724741. Epub 2012 Oct 15.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 3109/13685538.2012.724741

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Lin KH; Lin YW; Wen YC; Lee LM

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - OBJECTIVES: Tamsulosin is an alpha-1 adrenoceptor antagonist applied in treating  lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). This study aimed to evaluate safety, efficacy and acceptance of newly formulated orally disintegrating tamsulosin tablets in Taiwanese patients with LUTS/BPH. METHODS: This single center, non-comparative, observational study enrolled 45 male patients over age 50 years. All patients received 0.2 mg tamsulosin orally disintegrating tablets daily and were evaluated at weeks 0, 4,  8, 12 of the 12-week treatment period. Tamsulosin efficacy was evaluated by International Prostate Symptom Score (I-PSS) with 7 questions on urinary symptoms and one disease-specific quality-of-life question, with scores ranging from 0 (no symptoms) to 35 (highly symptomatic). Maximum flow rate (ml/s), voided volume (ml), flow time (s), and mean flow rate (ml/s) were measured. Danish prostatic symptom sexual function scale rated severity and associated concerns of erection  quality, ejaculatory function and pain/discomfort were also assessed. RESULTS: Patients’ mean +/- SD age was 62.47 +/- 7.77 (range: 50-89) and mean +/- SD I-PSS was 13.98 +/- 5.50. Statistically significant changes from baseline were found in post-test I-PSS and quality of life (both P < 0.001). Mean +/- SD I-PSS decreased from 14.30 +/- 9.34 to 6.73 +/- 0.88 at patients’ final visit. Statistically significant increases in mean maximum flow rate and mean flow rate were found over 12-week study period (P < 0.05). No adverse events were reported. No significant differences were found in pulse, SBP/DBP or sexual function. CONCLUSION: Orally disintegrating tamsulosin tablets demonstrate acceptable safety and efficacy for acceptance and well tolerance by Taiwanese LUTS/BPH patients.

 

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[865]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Prognostic impact of SUMO-specific protease 1 (SENP1) in prostate cancer patients undergoing radical prostatectomy.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Urol Oncol. 2012 Oct 19. pii: S1078-1439(12)00088-9. doi: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2012.03.007.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.urolonc.2012.03.007

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Li T; Huang S; Dong M; Gui Y; Wu D

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - OBJECTIVES: To investigate small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO)-specific protease 1 (SENP1) expression in human prostate cancer (CaP) cells and its prognostic value for CaP patients after radical prostatectomy (RP). MATERIALS AND METHODS: SENP1 expression in CaP cells was detected by quantitative reverse-transcription  polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting. By using immunohistochemistry coupled with the tissue microarray (TMA) technique, we examined SENP1 protein expression in 115 specimens of CaP, 19 prostatic intra-epithelial neoplasia (PIN) tissues, and 24 normal prostate tissues. Moreover, correlations between SENP1 protein expression, clinicopathologic features, and prognosis were statistically analyzed. RESULTS: Three CaP cells, DU145, PC-3, and LNCaP had overexpression of SENP1 mRNA and protein, while the nontransformed immortalized prostate cell RWPE-1 had relatively weak SENP1 expression. Especially, DU145, a hormone-independent CaP cell line, showed higher transcriptional and translational level of SENP1 than the others. SENP1 protein expression correlated with some clinicopathologic parameters, such as pathologic  stage, Gleason score, and biochemical recurrence (BCR). Positive SENP1 immunostaining in the CaP, PIN, and normal prostate tissue samples were 76.5%, 57.9%, and 4.2%, respectively. CaP patients undergoing RP with positive SENP1 expression were significantly associated with poor biochemical-free survival. Multivariate analysis indicated that SENP1 protein expression was an independent  prognostic factor for BCR-free survival after RP. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirmed the up-regulation of SENP1 mRNA and protein level in CaP cells. We suggested that SENP1 expression might contribute to the malignant progression of  CaP. Importantly, SENP1 presented as a potential prognostic factor for BCR after  RP.

 

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[866]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Endogenous Testosterone, Muscle Strength, and Fat-Free Mass in Men With Chronic Kidney Disease.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Ren Nutr. 2012 Oct 6. pii: S1051-2276(12)00174-4. doi: 10.1053/j.jrn.2012.08.007.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1053/j.jrn.2012.08.007

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Cigarran S; Pousa M; Castro MJ; Gonzalez B; Martinez A; Barril G; Aguilera A; Coronel F; Stenvinkel P; Carrero JJ

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Renal Medicine, Hospital Da Costa, Burela, España.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - OBJECTIVE: Testosterone deficiency is a common finding in men with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Testosterone is thought to play an important anabolic role in muscle synthesis, and muscle wasting is an important and deleterious characteristic of protein-energy wasting (PEW) in CKD. It is presently unknown if reduced endogenous testosterone associates with features of muscle wasting in men with CKD. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional observational study of 267 men with CKD stages 2-4 (mean +/- standard deviation age 67 +/- 13 years, estimated glomerular filtration rate 42.9 [interquartile range 30.2-56.7] mL/min/1.73 m(2)) with measurements of endogenous testosterone and surrogates of PEW such as albumin, prealbumin, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP) and normalized protein nitrogen appearance (nPNA). Fat-free mass was estimated by bioelectrical  impedance vector analysis (BIVA) and muscle strength by handgrip dynamometry. RESULTS: Across decreasing thirds of testosterone distribution, patients were incrementally older and CRP levels rose significantly. Prealbumin, hemoglobin, nPNA, handgrip strength, and BIVA estimated surrogates of muscle mass and nutritional status (fat-free mass, body cell mass, and phase angle) were progressively reduced (P < .05 for all). In multivariate regression analyses including age, renal function, and other important confounders, testosterone significantly and independently contributed to explain the variances of handgrip  strength and fat-free mass (P < .05 for all). CONCLUSIONS: Endogenous testosterone independently associates with muscle strength and fat-free mass in men with moderate CKD. It is plausible that the reduction in testosterone levels  that accompanies CKD may further contribute to the procatabolic environment leading to muscle wasting.

 

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[867]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Thulium laser vaporesection versus transurethral electrovaporization of the prostate in high-risk patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Photomed Laser Surg. 2012 Dec;30(12):714-8. doi: 10.1089/pho.2012.3316. Epub 2012 Oct 31.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1089/pho.2012.3316

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Zhu Z; Shen Z; Tu F; Zhu Y; Sun F; Shao Y; Wang H; Zhong S; Xu C

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare the safety and efficacy of the thulium laser vaporesection and transurethral electrovaporization of the prostate for the treatment of high-risk patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. BACKGROUND DATA: From September 2009 to March 2011, 98 consecutive patients with symptomatic bladder outlet obstruction caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia received either thulium laser vaporesection of the prostate (n=42) or transurethral electrovaporization of the prostate (n=56) at our institution. Materials and methods: Functional follow-up included measurement of International Prostate Symptom Score, quality of life score, maximal urinary flow rate, and post-voiding residual urine volume. All complications were recorded. RESULTS: Thulium laser vaporesection of the prostate was slightly superior to transurethral electrovaporization of the prostate in catheterization time (2.1+/-0.9 vs. 4.5+/-1.3 days, p<0.0001) and postoperative hospital stay (4.4+/-1.8 vs. 6.6+/-2.0 days, p<0.0001). Within the observation period, both groups had a significant improvement from baseline in subjective or objective success rates; however, no significant difference was found between the two groups. Peri- and postoperative complications were fewer in the thulium laser group. CONCLUSIONS: Thulium laser vaporesection of the prostate is as effective as transurethral electrovaporization of the prostate in managing high-risk patients, with sufficient tissue ablation and acceptable hemostasis, and has the  advantage of less morbidity and shorter catheter time and postoperative hospital  stay.

 

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[868]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Nephron-sparing resection of angiomyolipoma after sirolimus pretreatment in patients with tuberous sclerosis.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Int Urol Nephrol. 2012 Dec;44(6):1657-61. doi: 10.1007/s11255-012-0292-z. Epub 2012 Sep 28.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s11255-012-0292-z

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Staehler M; Sauter M; Helck A; Linsenmaier U; Weber L; Mayer K; Fischereder M

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Urologische Klinik, Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians Universitaet, Marchioninistr. 15, 81337, Munich, Germany.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: Renal angiomyolipoma in patients with tuberous sclerosis can cause life-threatening bleeding. Embolization or resection is recommended, but either intervention may result in substantial loss of renal function. Recently, regression of angiomyolipoma size has also been achieved with mTOR inhibitor therapy, but recurrent lesion growth after treatment cessation has to be expected. This is the first report on a multimodal therapeutic approach facilitating a nephron-sparing, definitive resection. METHODS: Three patients with renal angiomyolipoma not amenable to nephron-sparing surgery were treated with sirolimus aiming trough levels of 4-8 ng/ml. Treatment was well tolerated. RESULTS: mTOR inhibitor treatment resulted in a regression of angiomyolipoma volume by 38-95 %. Thereafter, nephron-sparing angiomyolipoma resection conserved normal renal function. CONCLUSION: Neoadjuvant use of mTOR inhibitor pretreatment may represent a novel approach facilitating nephron-sparing resection.

 

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[869]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Commentary on “duration of short-course androgen suppression therapy and the risk of death as a result of prostate cancer.” A.V. D’Amico, M.H. Chen, J. Crook, J.G. Armstrong, S. Malone, A. Steigler, M. Dunne, P.W. Kantoff, J.W. Denham, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA. 02115, USA.: J Clin Oncol 2011;29:4682-7.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Urol Oncol. 2012 Sep;30(5):746. doi: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2012.06.006.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.urolonc.2012.06.006

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Trump DL

 

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[870]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Renal disease in the elderly and the very elderly Japanese: analysis of the Japan Renal Biopsy Registry (J-RBR).

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Clin Exp Nephrol. 2012 Dec;16(6):903-20. doi: 10.1007/s10157-012-0673-8. Epub 2012 Oct 11.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s10157-012-0673-8

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Yokoyama H; Sugiyama H; Sato H; Taguchi T; Nagata M; Matsuo S; Makino H; Watanabe T; Saito T; Kiyohara Y; Nishi S; Iida H; Morozumi K; Fukatsu A; Sasaki T; Tsuruya K; Kohda Y; Higuchi M; Kiyomoto H; Goto S; Hattori M; Hataya H; Kagami S; Yoshikawa N; Fukasawa Y; Ueda Y; Kitamura H; Shimizu A; Oka K; Nakagawa N; Ito T; Uchida S; Furuichi K; Nakaya I; Umemura S; Hiromura K; Yoshimura M; Hirawa N; Shigematsu T; Fukagawa M; Hiramatsu M; Terada Y; Uemura O; Kawata T; Matsunaga A; Kuroki A; Mori Y; Mitsuiki K; Yoshida H

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Division of Nephrology, Kanazawa Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan. hyokoyama-npr@umin.ac.jp

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Data regarding renal disease in the elderly (age >/=65 years old) and very elderly (age >/=80 years old) Japanese are extremely limited. The aim of this study was to examine the causes of renal disease and their clinical presentations in elderly patients who underwent renal biopsy. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, AND MEASUREMENTS: From July 2007 to November 2011, all of  the elderly native renal biopsy patients who had been registered in the Japan Renal Biopsy Registry (J-RBR; 2802 including 1596 males and 1206 females) were identified. Their data were compared with a control group of 7416 patients who ranged in age from 20 to 64 years old and were registered on the J-RBR over the same period. In addition, the clinical and pathological classifications of 276 very elderly patients were also analyzed. RESULTS: The indications for biopsy were nephrotic syndrome (NS) in 36.2 and 50.7 % of the elderly and the very elderly patients, chronic nephritic syndrome in 31.8 and 17.4 %, and acute kidney injury including rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis in 18.6 and 22.5 %, respectively. Primary glomerular disease was the most frequent diagnosis, followed by MPO-ANCA-positive nephritis, IgA nephropathy (IgAN), and diabetic nephropathy. In primary GN including IgAN, membranous nephropathy (MN) was the most frequent histological type, followed by IgAN and minor glomerular abnormalities. A comparison with the control group showed that MN, MPO-ANCA-positive nephritis, and amyloid nephropathy were more common in the elderly (P < 0.001), and IgAN was less common (P < 0.001). As for nephrotic syndrome in the elderly, MN was the most common histological type, followed by minimal change NS, diabetic nephropathy, amyloid nephropathy, and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. There was a significant discrepancy between the urinary protein/creatinine ratio and daily proteinuria after the 7th decade of life. CONCLUSIONS: Renal biopsy is a valuable diagnostic tool, even in elderly and very elderly Japanese patients. In the future, modified clinical guidelines for elderly renal disease should be developed.

 

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[871]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - (11)C-Choline PET/CT in patients with hormone-resistant prostate cancer showing biochemical relapse after radical prostatectomy.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2013 Jan;40(2):149-55. doi: 10.1007/s00259-012-2272-z. Epub 2012 Nov 14.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s00259-012-2272-z

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Ceci F; Castellucci P; Mamede M; Schiavina R; Rubello D; Fuccio C; Ambrosini V; Boschi S; Martorana G; Fanti S

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Haematology Oncology and Laboratory Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Policlinico Sant’Orsola-Malpighi, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: To determine the diagnostic efficacy of (11)C-choline PET/CT in patients with prostate cancer (PC) after radical prostatectomy who presented with increasing PSA levels during follow-up in spite of being on hormone treatment (HT), and therefore showing HT resistance. METHODS: We evaluated a large series of 157 consecutive PC patients previously treated by radical prostatectomy who presented with biochemical recurrence with increasing PSA levels in spite of ongoing HT (HT-resistant patients). At the time of (11)C-choline PET/CT, the mean value of trigger PSA level was 8.3 (range 0.2 - 60.6 ng/mL), the mean PSA doubling time (PSAdt) was 5.3 (range 0.4 - 35 months), and the mean PSA velocity  (PSAvel) was 22.1 ng/mL/year (range 0.12 - 82 ng/mL/year). (11)C-Choline PET/CT was performed following a standard procedure at our centre to investigate increasing PSA levels, either as the first imaging procedure or in patients with  negative conventional imaging. At the time of (11)C-choline PET/CT all patients were receiving HT (61 were receiving monotherapy and 96 multidrug therapy). PET-positive findings were validated by: (a) transrectal US-guided biopsy in patients with recurrence in the prostatic bed, (b) surgical pelvic lymphadenectomy, (c) other imaging modalities, including repeated (11)C-choline PET/CT, performed during a minimum follow-up of 12-months. RESULTS: (11)C-Choline PET/CT showed positive findings in 104 of the 157 patients (66 %). (11)C-choline  PET/CT detected: a single lesion in 40 patients (7 in the prostate bed, 10 in lymph nodes, 22 in bone, 1 at another site); two lesions in 18 patients (7 in lymph nodes, 7 in bone, 4 in both lymph nodes and bone); three or four lesions in 7 patients (4 in lymph nodes, 2 in bone, 1 at another site); and more than four lesions in the remaining 39 patients (2 in the prostate bed, 12 in lymph nodes, 12 in bone, 11 in both lymph nodes and bone, 2 at other sites). In (11)C-choline  PET-negative patients, the mean values of trigger PSA, PSAdt and PSAvel were 3.8  ng/mL (range 0.2-11.9 ng/mL) 7.0 months (range 1.21 - 35 months) and 5.8 ng/mL/year (range 0.12 - 30.1) respectively, while in (11)C-Choline-PET-positive  patients they were 10.5 ng/mL (range 0.2 - 60.6), 4.4 months (range 0.4 - 19.7) and 15.9 ng/mL/year (range 0.5 - 82.0) respectively. The differences between PET-negative and PET-positive patients were statistically significant for all these parameters: trigger PSA, p < 0.01; PSAdt, p < 0.01; PSAvel, p = 0.03. CONCLUSION: In our patient population, (11)C-choline PET/CT was able to detect relapsed disease in a large proportion of HT-resistant PC patients during HT. These data, obtained in a large series, suggest that HT withdrawal before performing a (11)C-choline PET/CT scan may not be necessary for the detection of  recurrent disease if PSA levels are increasing and PSA kinetics are rapid.

 

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[872]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Giant obturator schwannoma: an unusual finding in a patient with prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - ANZ J Surg. 2012 Nov;82(11):853-4. doi: 10.1111/j.1445-2197.2012.06278.x.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1111/j.1445-2197.2012.06278.x

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - de Sousa A; Frydenberg M

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Monash Medical Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.

 

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[873]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Single-nucleotide polymorphisms in genes encoding toll-like receptor -2, -3, -4,  and -9 in a case-control study with bladder cancer susceptibility in a North Indian population.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Arch Med Res. 2013 Jan;44(1):54-61. doi: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2012.10.008. Epub 2012  Nov 6.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.arcmed.2012.10.008

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Singh V; Srivastava N; Kapoor R; Mittal RD

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Science, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Impairment of the immune system may contribute to the risk for having cancer as Toll-like receptors are important for innate immunity. We examined the association between candidate disease-susceptibility polymorphisms in the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) like TLR2 (-196 to-174del), TLR3 (C1377T), TLR4 (Thr399Ile) and TLR9 (G2848A) genes in patients with bladder cancer in a North Indian population. METHODS: SNPs were comprised of TLR2 (-196 to -174 Del), TLR3(C1377T), TLR4 (Thr399Ile) and TLR9 (G2848A) genes. Allelic and genotypic frequencies of these TLRs SNP from histopathologically confirmed patients of bladder cancer (n = 200) and unrelated healthy controls of similar ethnicity (n = 200) were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis. RESULTS: In TLR2 I/D gene polymorphism, the combination of ID+DD showed a significant 3-fold increased risk (p = 0.001). TLR2 with heterozygous genotype ID showed a 3-fold risk and combination of heterozygous and variant genotype (ID+DD) also showed a 5-fold risk with tumor stage/grade of patients with bladder cancer. The other genotypes  of TLR3, 4 and 9 did not exhibit any significant association with bladder cancer  risk. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggested the involvement of TLR2 (-196 to-174 del) in bladder cancer susceptibility; however, TLR3, 4 and 9 genes were not associated with risk of bladder cancer, implicating that polymorphisms in these tested TLRs genes are not likely to be associated with increased risk for developing bladder cancer. Functional studies in ethnically diverse populations may provide a more comprehensive involvement of innate immunity in identifying the disease-associated variants for the etiology of bladder cancer.

 

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[874]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Preoperative serum sodium is associated with cancer-specific survival in patients with upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma treated by nephroureterectomy.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Int J Urol. 2012 Nov 7. doi: 10.1111/j.1442-2042.2012.03228.x.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1111/j.1442-2042.2012.03228.x

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Fujita K; Tanigawa G; Imamura R; Nakagawa M; Hayashi T; Kishimoto N; Hosomi M; Yamaguchi S

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Osaka General Medical Center, Osaka, Japan.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - OBJECTIVES: To assess the impact of preoperative serum sodium concentration on the prognosis of patients with upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma treated by nephroureterectomy. METHODS: The clinical records of 139 patients treated for  upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma by nephroureterectomy were retrospectively reviewed. Recurrence-free and cancer-specific survival curves were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method, with the difference between curves evaluated using the log-rank test. A multivariate analysis was carried out by Cox’s proportional hazard model to identify prognostic factors. RESULTS: The median (range) follow-up time was 27 (1-139) months. The median (range) preoperative serum sodium was 141 (134-147) mEq/L. Five-year cancer-specific survival estimates for patients above and below the median preoperative serum sodium were 81.7% (95% confidence interval: 68.7-89.7) and 50.6% (95% confidence  interval: 30.3-67.8), respectively. In the multivariate analysis, preoperative sodium concentration, pathological T stage, and lymphovascular invasion were independent and significant prognostic factors for cancer-specific survival. A prognostic model of risk classification for cancer-specific survival involving these parameters was developed, and 5-year cancer-specific survival estimates were 29.9% (95% confidence interval: 14.5-47.0) for the poor risk group (hazard ratio 19.95 [95% confidence interval: 8.5-46.6]; P < 0.001), 81.6% (95% confidence interval: 55.2-93.3) for the intermediate risk group (hazard ratio 5.70 [95% confidence interval: 1.27-25.5]; P = 0.022) and 97.9% (95% confidence interval 85.9-99.7) for the favorable risk group. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest for the first time that a low preoperative sodium level predicts a poor survival in upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma patients treated by nephroureterectomy.

 

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[875]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Editorial Comment to Plasmakinetic bipolar versus monopolar transurethral resection of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer: A single center randomized controlled trial.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Int J Urol. 2013 Apr;20(4):404. doi: 10.1111/j.1442-2042.2012.03180.x. Epub 2012  Nov 1.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1111/j.1442-2042.2012.03180.x

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Naselli A

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Istituto Clinico Humanitas Mater Domini, Castellanza, Italy. angelo.naselli@libero.it, angelo.naselli@auro.it.

 

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[876]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Small renal mass: to treat or not to treat.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Curr Urol Rep. 2013 Feb;14(1):13-8. doi: 10.1007/s11934-012-0296-3.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s11934-012-0296-3

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Alasker A; Williams SK; Ghavamian R

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10467, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - An increasing number of small renal masses (SRMs) are being detected with modern  cross-sectional imaging. The natural history of SRMs is mostly unknown. Initial active surveillance (AS) is a reasonable treatment option for small renal masses  (SRMs) < 4 cm in the infirm patient with major comorbidities. Partial nephrectomy (PN) is the established treatment for T1a tumors, provided that the operation is  technically feasible and the tumor can be completely removed. Laparoscopic and, most recently, robotic PN have functional and oncologic outcomes comparable to open PN, but are technically demanding procedures. Radical nephrectomy (RN) should be limited to those cases where the tumor is not amenable to PN. Percutaneous needle biopsy of SRMs can be safely performed and has the potential  to characterize SRMs histologically. It is best utilized in conjunction with ablative technologies. However, ablative therapies should be reserved for carefully selected patients who are poor surgical candidates.

 

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[877]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Pathway crosstalk analysis based on protein-protein network analysis in prostate  cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2012 Sep;16(9):1235-42.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Wang JM; Wu JT; Sun DK; Zhang P; Wang L

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China. wanglin2688@hotmail.co

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Prostate cancer (PCa) is a highly prevalent disease in older men of the western world and overall greatly affects the quality of life of elderly people. AIM: Understanding the mechanism of prostate cancer onset and metastasis  is the key to treating this disease successfully and increasing survivability. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, we constructed crosstalk networks among prostate cancer (primary and metastatic) related pathways by integrating protein-protein interactions (PPI) and KEGG (Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes) pathways information. Total 11 pathways crosstalk with each other in primary prostate cancer and 7 pathways crosstalk with each other in metastatic prostate cancer. RESULTS: Among these pathways, Notch signaling pathway and chemokine signaling pathway were found regulate multiple processes during prostate cancer progression. CONCLUSIONS: Results from these studies will provide the groundwork for a combination therapy approach targeting multiple pathways which will likely be more effective than targeting one pathway alone.

 

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[878]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Constitutional genetic variants as predictors of antiangiogenic therapy outcome in renal cell carcinoma.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Pharmacogenomics. 2012 Nov;13(14):1621-33. doi: 10.2217/pgs.12.142.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 2217/pgs.12.142

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Rodriguez-Antona C; Garcia-Donas J

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Hereditary Endocrine Cancer Group, Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, CNIO, Melchor Fernandez Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, España. crodriguez@cnio.es

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - The development of specific angiogenesis inhibitors has drastically improved renal cancer treatment in recent years. Currently, four VEGF receptor inhibitors  (sorafenib, sunitinib, pazopanib and axitinib), one anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody (bevacizumab) and two inhibitors of the mTOR pathway (temsirolimus and everolimus) have been approved to treat renal cell carcinoma (RCC), and several other molecules are under investigation. However, lack of response to antiangiogenic drugs and adverse drug reactions leading to treatment suspension are critical clinical problems that need to be solved. Because antiangiogenic drugs act on nonmalignant endothelial cells, the genetic background of the patient may play a crucial role determining the efficacy of these drugs. This article focuses on the identification of polymorphisms associated with antiangiogenic drugs outcome in RCC patients. It reviews and summarizes our current knowledge on this area and discusses future strategies to identify new biomarkers that could be used to personalize RCC management.

 

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[879]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Kidney biopsy in the critically ill patient, results of a multicentre retrospective case series.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Minerva Anestesiol. 2013 Jan;79(1):53-61. Epub 2012 Oct 5.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Philipponnet C; Guerin C; Canet E; Robert R; Mariat C; Dijoud F; Azoulay E; Souweine B; Heng AE

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Service de Reanimation Medicale, Hopital Gabriel Montpied, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, F-63003, Clermont Universite d’Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: The impact of a contributive result of kidney biopsy on the management of patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) has not been extensively  investigated yet. METHODS: This was a retrospective study conducted between 2000  and 2011 in five French ICUs. The study included 56 patients. They had at least one non-renal organ failure, as defined by a Sequential Organ Failure Assessment  (SOFA) score >/=3 on ICU admission, and kidney biopsy was performed during ICU stay. Kidney samples were obtained by percutaneous (N.=55) or transjugular biopsy (N.=1). RESULTS: The mean Simplified Acute Physiology Score II and total SOFA scores on ICU admission were 52+/-19 years and 10.3+/-3.6, respectively. ICU mortality was 23%. The median (interquartile range) time between ICU admission and kidney biopsy was 9 days (5-21). Pathologic findings in the 54 analyzable kidney biopsies were acute tubular necrosis (N.=26), glomerulonephritis (N.=14),  acute vascular nephritis (N.=11), acute interstitial nephritis (N.=6), and deposit disease (N.=3). Kidney biopsy was contributive to the management of 40 patients. In 23 of these, new treatments were started, in 13 ongoing treatments were stopped, including four life-sustaining therapies, and in 13 it was decided  to start chronic renal replacement. Severe bleeding was observed in 7 patients, with fatal outcome in one case. CONCLUSION: Kidney biopsy may have a significant  impact on the management of critically ill patients. Further studies should be done to identify the groups of ICU patients likely to benefit from the procedure  with minimum risk.

 

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[880]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Optical property measurements establish the feasibility of photodynamic therapy as a minimally invasive intervention for tumors of the kidney.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Biomed Opt. 2012;17(9):98002-1. doi: 10.1117/1.JBO.17.9.098002.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1117/1.JBO.17.9.098002

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Baran TM; Wilson JD; Mitra S; Yao JL; Messing EM; Waldman DL; Foster TH

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - University of Rochester, Institute of Optics, Rochester, New York, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - We measured the optical properties of freshly excised kidneys with renal parenchymal tumors to assess the feasibility of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in these patients. Kidneys were collected from 16 patients during surgical nephrectomies. Spatially resolved, white light, steady-state diffuse reflectance  measurements were performed on normal and neoplastic tissue identified by a pathologist. Reflectance data were fit using a radiative transport model to obtain absorption (mua) and transport scattering coefficients (mus’), which define a characteristic light propagation distance, delta. Monte Carlo (MC) simulations of light propagation from cylindrical diffusing fibers were run using the optical properties extracted from each of the kidneys. Interpretable spectra  were obtained from 14 kidneys. Optical properties of human renal cancers exhibit  significant inter-lesion heterogeneity. For all diagnoses, however, there is a trend toward increased light penetration at longer wavelengths. For renal cell carcinomas (RCC), mean values of delta increase from 1.28 to 2.78 mm as the PDT treatment wavelength is increased from 630 to 780 nm. MC simulations of light propagation from interstitial optical fibers show that fluence distribution in tumors is significantly improved at 780 versus 630 nm. Our results support the feasibility of PDT in selected renal cancer patients, especially with photosensitizers activated at longer wavelengths.

 

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[881]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Apigenin Modulates Insulin-like Growth Factor Axis: Implications for Prevention and Therapy of Prostate Cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Curr Drug Targets. 2012 Nov 6.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Babcook MA; Gupta S

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - The Urology Institute; University Hospitals Case Medical Center; 10900 Euclid Avenue; Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA. sanjay.gupta@case.edu.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Aberrant changes to the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis promote prostate cancer development and progression, adaptation for growth and survival in a castrate environment, and invasive metastasis. Natural and/or synthetic compounds that target the IGF axis to prevent or reverse theses abnormalities may be extremely useful in the chemoprevention and/or chemotherapy of prostate cancer. Apigenin, a naturally-occurring flavone found in many fruits and vegetables, is one such compound that can correctively modulate the IGF axis to induce growth arrest and apoptosis in many pre-clinical in vitro and in vivo models of prostate cancer. Because of its known mechanism of action, low toxicity, and effectiveness at physiologically relevant levels in animal models of prostate cancer, apigenin  is an excellent candidate for a pilot study to determine the effect of apigenin supplementation on prostate cancer development and progression in humans.

 

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[882]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Reducing adverse effects of treatments for prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Prescrire Int. 2012 Oct;21(131):245.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Drug treatment for erectile dysfunction is sometimes effective.The efficacy of pelvic floor muscle training on post-surgical urinary incontinence is uncertain.

 

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[883]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Treatment of high risk Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors of the ovary using a gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) analog.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2012 Nov 28. doi: 10.1002/pbc.24382.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1002/pbc.24382

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Lashkari HP; Nash R; Albanese A; Okoye B; Millar R; Pritchard-Jones K

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - The Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Trust, Sutton, Surrey, UK.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors are rare ovarian neoplasms. We report two unusual cases with bilateral SLCTs suggesting evidence of genetic predisposition and at high risk of recurrence. To reduce this risk, we exploited the use of GnRH analog to lower gondadotropin and potentially directly inhibit the tumors through expressed GnRH receptors. We used it as maintenance antitumor therapy for 2 years after completion of chemotherapy, to cover the period of risk for recurrence. Both patients remain in complete remission at >2 years after completing leuprorelin therapy. Of note, both patients carry DICER1 mutations, frequently found in pleuropulmonary blastoma syndrome. Pediatr Blood Cancer © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

 

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[884]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - A proteomic study of potential VEGF-C-associated proteins in bladder cancer T24 cells.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Med Sci Monit. 2012 Nov;18(11):BR441-9.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Zhang HH; Qi F; Zu XB; Cao YH; Miao JG; Xu L; Qi L

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanhua University, Hengyang city, China.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Overexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C) has been found to play an important role in malignant progression of various cancer cells, in addition to lymphangiogenesis. However, the mechanisms involved are still largely unknown. Our early research has confirmed that the expression of VEGF-C in bladder cancer was markedly higher than that in normal bladder tissues. VEGF-C can also obviously promote proliferation and invasion of bladder cancer T24 cells. In the present work, we attempted to use proteomic analysis to screen  out potential VEGF-C-associated proteins involved in malignant progression of the bladder cancer T24 cells. MATERIAL/METHODS: Lentivirus vector-based RNA interference (RNAi) was employed to diminish VEGF-C expression of bladder cancer  T24 cells. Then we performed comparative proteome analysis to explore differentially expressed proteins in T24 cells with and without VEGF-C siRNA, by  two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE). RESULTS: Twenty-three proteins were identified. Some proteins (matrix metalloproteinase-9, Keratin 8, Serpin B5, Annexin A8) with significant differences were further confirmed by Western blotting. CONCLUSIONS: The 23 potential VEGF-C-associated proteins identified in our study provide us with further insights into the mechanism of VEGF-C promoting malignant progression of bladder cancer cells.

 

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[885]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Vitamin D metabolism and effects on pluripotency genes and cell differentiation in testicular germ cell tumors in vitro and in vivo.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Neoplasia. 2012 Oct;14(10):952-63.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Blomberg Jensen M; Jorgensen A; Nielsen JE; Steinmeyer A; Leffers H; Juul A; Rajpert-De Meyts E

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - University Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark. blombergjensen@gmail.com

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) are classified as either seminomas or nonseminomas. Both tumors originate from carcinoma in situ (CIS) cells, which are derived from transformed fetal gonocytes. CIS, seminoma, and the undifferentiated embryonal carcinoma (EC) retain an embryonic phenotype and express pluripotency factors (NANOG/OCT4). Vitamin D (VD) is metabolized in the testes, and here, we examined VD metabolism in TGCT differentiation and pluripotency regulation. We established that the VD receptor (VDR) and VD-metabolizing enzymes are expressed  in human fetal germ cells, CIS, and invasive TGCTs. VD metabolism diminished markedly during the malignant transformation from CIS to EC but was reestablished in differentiated components of nonseminomas, distinguished by coexpression of mesodermal markers and loss of OCT4. Subsequent in vitro studies confirmed that 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) (active VD) downregulated NANOG and OCT4 through genomic VDR activation in EC-derived NTera2 cells and, to a lesser extent, in seminoma-derived TCam-2 cells, and up-regulated brachyury, SNAI1, osteocalcin, osteopontin, and fibroblast growth factor 23. To test for a possible therapeutic  effect in vivo, NTera2 cells were xenografted into nude mice and treated with 1,25(OH)(2)D(3), which induced down-regulation of pluripotency factors but caused no significant reduction of tumor growth. During NTera2 tumor formation, down-regulation of VDR was observed, resulting in limited responsiveness to cholecalciferol and 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) treatment in vivo. These novel findings show  that VD metabolism is involved in the mesodermal transition during differentiation of cancer cells with embryonic stem cell characteristics, which points to a function for VD during early embryonic development and possibly in the pathogenesis of TGCTs.

 

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[886]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Is radical prostatectomy a useful therapeutic option for high-risk prostate cancer in older men?

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Oncologist. 2012;17 Suppl 1:4-8.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1634/theoncologist.2012-S1-04

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Graefen M; Schlomm T

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Martini Clinic, Prostate Cancer Centre, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany. graefen@uke.de

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Prostate cancer affects a high proportion of men over 70 years of age, who are likely to have high-risk disease and a substantial risk of prostate-cancer-specific death. With life expectancy increasing worldwide, the burden of prostate cancer is also expected to rise. Thus, effective management of this high-risk senior patient group is increasingly important. Radical prostatectomy can increase survival and decrease the risk of metastatic progression. Postsurgery complications are affected more by comorbidity than by age. In patients without comorbidities, surgery is associated with a low risk of  mortality. Advanced age may increase the likelihood of incontinence following radical prostatectomy, but patients with higher risk disease are no more likely to experience this complication compared with lower risk groups. Treatment decisions should be made after considering the health status and life expectancy  of the individual patient. If eligible, the patient should be offered radical prostatectomy as a potentially curative treatment, without a rigid restriction to a certain chronological age.

 

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[887]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Pro-survival and anti-apoptotic properties of androgen receptor signaling by oxidative stress promote treatment resistance in prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Endocr Relat Cancer. 2012 Nov 9;19(6):R243-53. doi: 10.1530/ERC-12-0232. Print 2012.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1530/ERC-12-0232

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Shiota M; Yokomizo A; Naito S

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Oxidative stress caused by an increase in reactive oxygen species levels or a decrease in cellular antioxidant capacity can evoke the modulation of various cellular events including androgen receptor (AR) signaling via direct or indirect interactions. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms of AR activation by oxidative stress including: i) AR overexpression; ii) AR activation by AR co-regulators or intracellular signal transduction pathways; iii) generation of AR mutations or splice variants; and iv) de novo androgen synthesis. AR signaling augmented by oxidative stress appears to contribute to pro-survival and anti-apoptotic effects in prostate cancer cells in response to androgen deprivation therapy. In addition, AR signaling suppresses anti-survival and pro-apoptotic effects in prostate cancer cells in response to various cytotoxic and tumor-suppressive interventions including taxanes and radiation through the modulation of betaIII-tubulin and ataxia telangiectasia-mutated kinase expression respectively. Taken together, AR signaling appears to render prostate cancer cells refractory to various therapeutic interventions including castration, taxanes, and radiation, indicating that AR signaling is a comprehensive resistant factor and crucial target for prostate cancer treatment.

 

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[888]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Impact of the adaptor protein GIPC1/Synectin on radioresistance and survival after irradiation of prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Strahlenther Onkol. 2012 Dec;188(12):1125-32. doi: 10.1007/s00066-012-0228-7. Epub 2012 Nov 7.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s00066-012-0228-7

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Singer A; Deuse Y; Koch U; Holscher T; Pfitzmann D; Jakob C; Hehlgans S; Baretton GB; Rentsch A; Baumann M; Muders MH; Krause M

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universitat Dresden, Dresden, Germany.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: Studies have shown that GIPC1/Synectin is an essential adaptor protein of receptors that play an important role in cancer progression and therapy resistance. This is the first study to explore the role of GIPC1/Synectin in radioresistance of prostate cancer and as a possible predictive marker for outcome of primary radiation therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The effect of RNA interference-mediated GIPC1/Synectin depletion on clonogenic cell survival after  irradiation with 0, 2, 4, or 6 Gy was assayed in two different GIPC1/Synectin-expressing human prostate cancer cell lines. The clinical outcome  data of 358 men who underwent radiotherapy of prostate cancer with a curative intention were analyzed retrospectively. Uni- and multivariate analysis was performed of prostate-specific antigen recurrence-free survival and overall survival in correlation with protein expression in pretreatment biopsy specimens. Protein expression was evaluated by standard immunohistochemistry methods. RESULTS: In cell culture experiments, no change was detected in radiosensitivity  after depletion of GIPC1/Synectin in GIPC1/Synectin-expressing prostate cancer cell lines. Furthermore, there was no correlation between GIPC1/Synectin expression in human pretreatment biopsy samples and overall or biochemical recurrence-free survival after radiotherapy in a retrospective analysis of the study cohort. CONCLUSION: Our results do not show a predictive or prognostic function of GIPC1/Synectin expression for the outcome of radiotherapy in prostate cancer. Furthermore, our in vitro results do not support a role of GIPC1 in the cellular radiation response. However, the role of GIPC1 in the progression of prostate cancer and its precursors should be subject to further research.

 

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[889]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - PSA implications and medical management of prostate cancer for the primary care physician.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Can J Urol. 2012 Oct;19 Suppl 1:28-35.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Rehsia S; Shayegan B

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Prostate cancer remains a common cancer diagnosis and cause of cancer-related death in men. Despite its high prevalence, screening for prostate cancer for early detection remains controversial. This article outlines evidence from contemporary prostate cancer screening clinical trials and presents an overview of therapeutic options across the spectrum of prostate-cancer states.

 

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[890]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Toll-like Receptor 4 Gene Polymorphisms and Susceptibility to Bladder Cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Pathol Oncol Res. 2012 Oct 12.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s12253-012-9579-8

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Shen Y; Liu Y; Liu S; Zhang A

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, General Hospital of Jinan Military Command, 25 Shifan Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250031, People’s Republic of China.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Bladder cancer is one of the most common malignancies in the world. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) plays important roles in regulating innate immunity and may affect the development of cancers. Polymorphisms in TLR4 gene have been shown to  be associated with impaired immune responses. Here, we investigated the association of TLR4 polymorphisms with bladder cancer. Four TLR4 polymorphisms (-2242T/C, Asp299Gly, Thr399Il3, and +3725G/C) were genotyped in a total number of 436 bladder cancer patients and 522 healthy controls. Data were analyzed using the Chi-square test. Results showed that the prevalence of TLR4 +3725GC and CC genotypes were significantly increased in bladder cancer cases than in controls (odds ratio [OR] = 1.58, 95 % confidence interval [CI] = 1.19-2.10, p = 0.0015, and OR = 2.33, 95%CI = 1.52-3.58, p < 0.0001, respectively). Also, the frequency  of TLR4 +3725C allele was significantly higher in bladder cancer patients (p < 0.0001). The -2242T/C, Asp299Gly and Thr399Il3 polymorphisms did not reveal any significant differences between cases and controls. Stratification analysis of the clinical features in the patients demonstrated that cases with invasive cancer were correlated with higher numbers of +3725GC and CC genotype (p = 0.0004 and p = 0.0231). In conclusion, these results indicate that TLR4 +3725G/C polymorphism may be a novel risk factor for bladder cancer in the Chinese population.

 

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[891]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Risk factors for chronic kidney disease after chemotherapy for testicular cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Int J Urol. 2012 Nov 27. doi: 10.1111/iju.12017.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1111/iju.12017

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Inai H; Kawai K; Ikeda A; Ando S; Kimura T; Oikawa T; Onozawa M; Miyazaki J; Uchida K; Nishiyama H

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, Nasushiobara, Tochigi, Japan.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - OBJECTIVE: To elucidate the patterns of and risk factors for deterioration of renal function after chemotherapy in metastatic testicular cancer survivors using the estimated glomerular filtration rate. METHODS: A total of 96 patients who were treated with cisplatin-based chemotherapy for metastatic testicular cancer between January 1981 and December 2010 were enrolled in this study. The estimated glomerular filtration rate was based on the serum creatinine concentration using  the formula of the Japanese Society of Nephrology. Risk factors for chronic kidney disease were examined by multivariate logistic-regression analysis. RESULTS: The median follow-up period was 70 months (range 15-342). The median pretreatment estimated glomerular filtration rate was 98 mL/min/1.73 m(2) (range  44-216), and it gradually decreased for 1 year after the end of chemotherapy, although there was no significant change in estimated glomerular filtration rate  beyond 1 year. One year after chemotherapy, 22 of 96 patients (23%) showed chronic kidney disease (less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m(2) estimated glomerular filtration rate). The multivariate analysis showed that the patients with mild renal damage (estimated glomerular filtration rate 60-89 mL/min/1.73 m(2) ) and elevated blood pressure (higher than 130/80 mmHg) before treatment had a significant risk with odds ratios of 2.63 (95% confidence interval 1.09-6.73) and 4.22 (95% confidence interval 1.45-12.6), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Close monitoring of renal function is important for at least 1 year after chemotherapy  for testicular cancer, especially in patients having elevated blood pressure and/or mild renal damage before chemotherapy.

 

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[892]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Editorial Comment from Dr Tanaka to Risk factors for chronic kidney disease after chemotherapy for testicular cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Int J Urol. 2012 Nov 27. doi: 10.1111/iju.12026.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1111/iju.12026

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Tanaka T

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan. zappa@pop12.odn.ne.jp.

 

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[893]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Novel Agents, Combinations and Sequences for the Treatment of Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma: When is the Revolution Coming?

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Curr Cancer Drug Targets. 2012 Nov 26.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Santoni M; Rizzo M; Burattini L; Berardi R; Carteni G; Cascinu S

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Medical Oncology, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Ospedali Riuniti Umberto I-GM Lancisi and G Salesi, Ancona, Italy. mattymo@alice.it.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Biological agents, such as multikinase inhibitors and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors, have replaced immunotherapy as the standard of care  for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). Several clinical trials have been performed, aimed to identify new feasible therapeutic targets. AKT, PI3K, STAT3,  NOTCH-1, alpha5beta1-integrin, CD70 and G250 are just examples of these opening frontiers. Novel agents, combination and sequences are emerging from the 887 clinical studies presently in course in mRCC to optimize patient outcomes. This report not includes studies on chemotherapy, local approaches, immunotherapy, surgical trials and other categories, but provides an update on ongoing phase I,  II and III trials and preliminary results on targeted agents, used alone, in sequences or in combination for mRCC.

 

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[894]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Inverse problems for the determination of traction forces by cells on a substrate: a comparison of two methods.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin. 2012;15 Suppl 1:27-9.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1080/10255842.2012.713725

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Michel R; Peschetola V; Bedessem B; Etienne J; Ambrosi D; Duperray A; Verdier C

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - CNRS-Universite de Grenoble, UMR5588, LIPhy, Grenoble, France.

 

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[895]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Multiple primary malignancies in patients with prostate cancer: increased risk of secondary malignancies after radiotherapy.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Int J Clin Oncol. 2012 Nov 20.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s10147-012-0496-3

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Okajima K; Ishikawa K; Matsuura T; Tatebe H; Fujiwara K; Hiroi K; Hasegawa H; Nishimura Y

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Radiology, Nara Hospital, Kinki University, 1248-1 Otoda, Ikoma, 630-0293, Japan, okajima@nara.med.kindai.ac.jp.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: New treatment strategies for prostate cancer have recently been developed, but multiple malignancies remain a major concern. The aim of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of multiple malignancies and to analyze the risk of secondary malignancies after radiotherapy for prostate cancer. METHODS: From 2000 to 2011, 150 patients with prostate cancer were treated with curative radiotherapy in our department. Patient age range was 54-92 years (median, 70 years), and the follow-up period was 4-142 months (median, 48 months). The incidence of multiple primary cancers was compared with the estimated incidence. RESULTS: A total of 147 patients (98 %) survived more than 12 months (12-142 months; median, 48 months); 20/150 patients (13 %) died within  10 years. Cause of death was recurrent prostate cancer in 11 patients, other primary malignancies in 7 patients, and cardiovascular disease in 2 patients. Multiple primary cancers were present in 26 of 150 patients (17 %), including 16  subsequent malignancies (11 %) with latent periods of 13-83 months (median, 43 months). The subsequent non-prostate malignancies were lung cancer in 4 patients, urinary bladder or ureter cancer in 4, stomach cancer in 3, malignant lymphoma in 2, and other in 3. Analysis of the observed incidence of secondary malignancies compared with the estimated incidence in the general population revealed a higher incidence of ureter cancer and malignant lymphoma. CONCLUSION: Close attention should be paid to secondary malignancies after radiotherapy for prostate cancer,  including malignancies occurring within 5 years, which could be attributable to radiotherapy.

 

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[896]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Long-term survival of patients with end-stage renal disease on maintenance hemodialysis: a multicenter study in Iran.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Iran J Kidney Dis. 2012 Nov;6(6):452-6.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Beladi-Mousavi SS; Alemzadeh-Ansari MJ; Alemzadeh-Ansari MH; Beladi-Mousavi M

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Nephrology, Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. beladimusavi@yahoo.com

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - INTRODUCTION: Although maintenance dialysis in patients with end-stage renal disease prevents death from uremia, patient survival remains an important issue.  This study is the first in Iran to evaluate long-term survival of patients with ESRD. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective study was conducted on 1861 patients with ESRD referred to 12 hemodialysis centers in Khuzestan province, Iran. The period of study was 21 years, which was between 1989 to may 2010. The median follow-up duration was 46.0 months. Patients who died within 90 days of commencing dialysis were excluded. The patient’s death as outcome measure was recorded and the survival was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: The  mean age of 1861 patients at initiation of hemodialysis was 51.2 +/- 17.2 years,  and 1120 were men (60.2%). Diabetes mellitus (32.9%) and hypertension (24.1%) were the most common known causes of ESRD in our patients. Regardless of the cause of ESRD, 1-, 5-, 10-, and 15-year survival of hemodialysis patients was 83%, 25.2%, 3.8%, and 1.0% respectively. Survival of diabetic patients was significantly lower than nondiabetic patients (P <.001) and no one of diabetic patients survived up to 10 years. CONCLUSIONS: Based on our findings, the survival of ESRD patients undergoing hemodialysis in Iran is relatively poor, especially among diabetics. This can be explained by socioeconomic differences and the fact that dialysis patients who are otherwise healthy and are more likely to survival for a longer time have higher chances of receiving a kidney transplant in Iran.

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[897]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Association of BLCA-4 Hypomethylation in Blood Leukocyte DNA and the Risk of Bladder Cancer in a Chinese Population.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Pathol Oncol Res. 2012 Sep 28.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s12253-012-9570-4

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Ji HX; Zhao Q; Pan JH; Shen WH; Chen ZW; Zhou ZS

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Urology Department, Southwest Hospital Affilated to Third Military Medical University, No. 33, Gaotanyanzheng RD, Chongqing, 400038, China.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Global DNA hypomethylation has been associated with increased risk for cancers of the colorectum, bladder, breast, head and neck, and testicular germ cells. The aim of this study was to examine whether global hypomethylation measured at BLCA-4 repeat regions through bisulfite pyrosequencing in blood leukocyte DNA is  associated with the risk of bladder cancer(BC). A total of 312 bladder cancer patients and 361 healthy control subjects were included in Chongqing, China. Global methylation in blood leukocyte DNA was estimated by analyzing BLCA-4 repeats using bisulfite-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and pyrosequencing. The median methylation level in BC cases (percentage of 5-methylcytosine (5 mC) = 75.7 %) was significantly lower than that in controls (79.7 % 5 mC) (P = 0.002, Wilcoxon rank-sum test). The odds ratios (ORs) of BC for individuals in the third, second, and first (lowest) quartiles of BLCA-4 methylation were 1.2 (95 %  confidence interval (CI) 0.8-1.9), 1.6 (95 % CI 1.1-2.3), and 2.7 (95 % CI 1.5-3.8) (P for trend <0.001), respectively, compared to individuals in the fourth (highest) quartile. A 2.1-fold (95 % CI 1.5-2.8) increased risk of BC was  observed among individuals with BLCA-4 methylation below the median compared to individuals with higher (>median) BLCA-4 methylation. Our results demonstrate for the first time that individuals with global hypomethylation measured in BLCA-4 repeats in blood leukocyte DNA have an increased risk for BC. Our data provide the evidence that BLCA-4 hypomethylation may be a useful biomarker for poor prognosis of patients with BC.

 

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[898]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - MicroRNA-155 is a predictive marker for survival in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Int J Urol. 2012 Oct 10. doi: 10.1111/j.1442-2042.2012.03182.x.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1111/j.1442-2042.2012.03182.x

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Shinmei S; Sakamoto N; Goto K; Sentani K; Anami K; Hayashi T; Teishima J; Matsubara A; Oue N; Kitadai Y; Yasui W

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Molecular Pathology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan; Department of Urology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - OBJECTIVES: To investigate the clinical significance of micro-ribonucleic acid-155 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma, in particular focusing on the association of expression levels of micro-ribonucleic acid-155 with clinicopathological factors, cancer-specific survival and therapeutic outcomes in clear cell renal cell carcinoma patients. METHODS: Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction of micro-ribonucleic acid-155 was carried out on 137 clear cell renal cell carcinoma cases, containing 77 matched pairs of  clear cell renal cell carcinoma and normal adjacent kidney tissues from the same  patients. RESULTS: Significant overexpression of micro-ribonucleic acid-155 was found in clear cell renal cell carcinoma compared with normal kidney tissue. Expression of micro-ribonucleic acid-155 was not associated with prognosis in all stage groups. However, in 43 patients with stage III and IV clear cell renal cell carcinoma, low expression levels of micro-ribonucleic acid-155 correlated with a  poor prognosis. Regarding cancer-free survival of 26 patients with stage III and  IV clear cell renal cell carcinoma who received curative resection and cancer-specific survival of 31 patients who received postoperative therapy with interferon-alpha after radical nephrectomy, low expression levels of micro-ribonucleic acid-155 correlated with poor clinical outcomes in these two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Low expression of micro-ribonucleic acid-155 represents a valuable marker of poor clinical outcomes in patients with stage III and IV clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

 

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[899]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - A model of the cost-effectiveness of intensity-modulated radiotherapy in comparison with three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy for the treatment of localised prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol). 2012 Dec;24(10):e159-67. doi: 10.1016/j.clon.2012.09.003. Epub 2012 Oct 3.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.clon.2012.09.003

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Hummel SR; Stevenson MD; Simpson EL; Staffurth J

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK. s.hummel@sheffield.ac.uk

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - AIMS: To determine the cost-effectiveness of intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) compared with three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) for men with localised prostate cancer from a UK National Health Service perspective. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A discrete event simulation model was developed to simulate the progress of patients through advancing disease states until death from prostate cancer or other causes. Clinical effectiveness data for IMRT and 3DCRT were derived from a systematic review. Four scenarios were modelled based on different clinical studies. A probabilistic sensitivity analysis was undertaken and the incremental cost per quality adjusted life years (ICER) calculated. RESULTS: In scenarios where estimated survival was greater for IMRT than 3DCRT, IMRT was clearly cost-effective (ICER < pound20 000). For scenarios where only a difference in late gastrointestinal toxicity was assumed, the ICER was highly sensitive to uncertain model parameters, including the magnitude of the difference, the duration of gastrointestinal toxicity and the cost difference between treatments. For the most likely scenario, a 15% difference in late gastrointestinal toxicity, the ICER was pound35 000, with a 20% probability that  it is cost-effective at a maximum threshold of pound20 000 and a 48% probability  at a threshold of pound30 000. CONCLUSION: If IMRT can be used to prolong survival, it is very cost-effective. Otherwise cost-effectiveness is uncertain.

 

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[900]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - The value of plasma osteopontin levels as a predictive factor of disease stage and recurrence in patients with bladder urothelial carcinoma: a prospective study.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Kaohsiung J Med Sci. 2012 Oct;28(10):526-30. doi: 10.1016/j.kjms.2012.04.014. Epub 2012 Sep 26.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.kjms.2012.04.014

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Park MG; Oh MM; Yoon JH; Park JY; Park HS; Moon DG; Yoon DK

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, South Korea.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - This study was performed in order to determine the value of plasma osteopontin (OPN) levels as a predictive factor of disease stage and recurrence in patients with bladder urothelial carcinoma (UC). Data from 50 patients diagnosed to have bladder UC after transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) from 2009 to 2010 were evaluated prospectively. Blood tests were performed before and after TURBT, and plasma OPN levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Differences in OPN levels according to clinicopathologic variables were analyzed statistically. Significant differences in plasma OPN levels were observed between groups with and without muscle invasion (89.16 vs. 67.08 ng/mL,  p=0.041). Comparison according to tumor grade found no significant difference between high and low grade groups (p=0.115). Mean plasma OPN levels decreased after TURBT without statistical significance (p=0.571). Between groups with recurrence and those without recurrence, OPN levels of the group with recurrence  were higher without statistical significance (p=0.161). Comparison of plasma OPN  levels according to performance of radical cystectomy (RC) showed significant differences; patients who underwent RC showed higher levels of plasma OPN (95.58  vs. 70.37 ng/mL, p=0.030). Comparison according to T stage after RC showed significant differences in OPN levels (T1: 67.45, T2: 86.60 and T3: 95.23 ng/mL,  respectively, p=0.006). The group with lymph node invasion showed significantly higher levels of OPN, compared to the group without invasion (153.24 vs. 68.03 ng/mL, p=0.017). Preoperative plasma OPN levels correlated to muscle invasion of  bladder UC and pathological stage after RC.

 

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[901]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - A Mycobacterium bovis mycotic abdominal aortic aneurysm resulting from bladder cancer treatment, resection, and reconstruction with a cryopreserved aortic graft.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Vasc Endovascular Surg. 2013 Jan;47(1):61-4. doi: 10.1177/1538574412463973. Epub  2012 Oct 18.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1177/1538574412463973

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Psoinos CM; Simons JP; Baril DT; Robinson WP; Schanzer A

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Mycotic abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) are a clinical challenge for vascular surgeons due to their critical location, surrounding inflammation, risk of rupture, and danger of reinfection following treatment. We present a case of Mycobacterium bovis AAA in a 69-year-old male after treatment with intravesicular bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) therapy for bladder carcinoma. The classical approach for mycotic AAA entails extra-anatomic reconstruction followed by resection with oversewing of the proximal and distal aortic stumps. Alternative in-line reconstruction options have also been advocated. This case illustrates a  technically straightforward, durable, in-line repair within an infected field utilizing cryopreserved aortic allograft.

 

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[902]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Overexpression of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT-3 and STAT-5) transcription factors and alteration of suppressor of cytokine signaling  (SOCS-1) protein in prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Recept Signal Transduct Res. 2012 Dec;32(6):321-7. doi: 10.3109/10799893.2012.733885. Epub 2012 Nov 7.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 3109/10799893.2012.733885

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Singh N; Hussain S; Bharadwaj M; Kakkar N; Singh SK; Sobti RC

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Prostate cancer is a leading cause of mortality in men worldwide especially in developing countries like India. The molecular mechanisms of the oncogenic signaling pathway(s) that are involved in prostate carcinogenesis play  a crucial role in disease progression and persistence. There is an important role of signal transducer and activator of transcriptions (STATs) particularly STAT-3  and STAT-5 and its negative regulator suppressor of cytokine signaling-1 (SOCS-1). METHODS: In the present study, the expression and localization of STAT  and SOCS-1 proteins in prostate cancer by immunohistochemistry in a total of 150  formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded human prostate tissues of different grade obtained by radical prostatectomies or transurethral resection. RESULTS: A significantly strong STAT-3 expression pattern in 68% (65/95) prostate cancer cases as compared to 12% (5/55) in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) controls (P < 0.001) was observed. Interestingly the SOCS-1 expression was found to be significantly elevated in prostate cancer cases (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The present study demonstrates overexpression of STAT-3 and STAT-5 proteins and a contrasting role of SOCS-1 in prostate cancer. These results suggest a critical association between altered expression of STAT-3 and STAT-5 with SOCS-1 and indicate its potential role as a negative regulator independent of JAK-STAT pathway in tumorigenic transformation of prostate tissue. The results of the present report focuses on the fundamental differences in major oncogenic signaling cascades between benign and malignant form of prostate tissue that plays a crucial role in prostate cancer biology.

 

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[903]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Impact of chronic kidney disease on risk of incident atrial fibrillation and subsequent survival in medicare patients.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Am Heart Assoc. 2012 Aug;1(4):e002097. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.112.002097. Epub 2012  Aug 24.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1161/JAHA.112.002097

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Nelson SE; Shroff GR; Li S; Herzog CA

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center and University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN (S.E.N.).

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Atrial fibrillation (AF) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are prevalent in the elderly and are independently associated with increased risk of  death. We evaluated risk of incident AF with advancing CKD and examined the mortality rate associated with CKD after incident AF in elderly patients. METHODS AND RESULTS: This retrospective cohort study used the Medicare 5% database. Point-prevalent Medicare enrollees on December 31, 2006, without preexistent AF or end-stage renal disease were followed up for incident AF through 2008. CKD and AF were identified from International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification diagnosis codes. Associations between CKD stage and incident AF and subsequent risk of death were examined in a Cox proportional-hazards model. Unadjusted survival after incident AF was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. CKD was present in 55 962 patients (5.1% of the cohort). Of these, 4952 (8.8%) had CKD stages 1 and 2; 19 795 (35.3%), stages 3 to 5; and 31 215 (55.7%), unknown stage. The hazard ratio for incident AF in CKD  stages 3 to 5 was 1.13 (95% confidence interval 1.09 to 1.18). Other stages were  not independently associated with incident AF. Survival after incident AF decreased progressively as CKD stage increased (P<0.0001). The 1-year mortality rate for CKD stages 3 to 5 with incident AF was 35.6%. Adjusted hazard ratios for death after incident AF were 1.14 (95% confidence interval 1.00 to 1.30) for CKD  stages 1 and 2, 1.27 (95% confidence interval 1.20 to 1.35) for CKD stages 3 to 5, and 1.29 (95% confidence interval 1.23 to 1.36) for unknown stage. CONCLUSIONS: Advanced CKD is associated with increased risk of incident AF. In Medicare patients with incident AF, mortality rates are higher for those with advanced CKD than for those without CKD. (J Am Heart Assoc. 2012;1:e002097 doi: 10.1161/JAHA.112.002097.).

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[904]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - 4-1BB Protects Dendritic Cells from Prostate Cancer-Induced Apoptosis.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Pathol Oncol Res. 2012 Oct 16.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s12253-012-9566-0

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Youlin K; Jianwei Z; Xin G; Li Z; Xiaodong W; Xiuheng L; Hengchen Z; Zhiyuan C

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - It has been shown that human prostate cancer (PCa) cells induced apoptotic death  of the most potent antigen-presenting cells, dendritic cells (DCs), which are responsible for the induction of specific antitumor immune responses. Here, we investigated the function of 4-1BB on protecting DCs from prostate cancer-induced apoptosis with an agonistic mAb to 4-1BB. RM-1 cells and DCs were co-incubated for 48 h and DC apoptosis was assessed by Annexin Vassay. TNF-alpha and IL-12 production were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL on DCs were analyzed by Western blot. We have shown that co-incubation of RM-1 cells with DCs is accompanied by an increased level of DCs apoptosis. Triggering 4-1BB on DCs resulted in increased resistance of DCs to RM-1 cells-induced apoptosis, which was owing to the up-regulated expression of Bcl-2  and Bcl-xL, and increased secretion of TNF-alphaand IL-12. These results demonstrate that triggering 4-1BB on DCs could increased resistance of DCs to PCa-induced apoptosis.

 

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[905]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Mid term outcomes of initial 250 case experience with GreenLight 120W-HPS photoselective vaporization prostatectomy for benign prostatic hyperplasia: comparison of prostate volumes < 60 cc, 60 cc-100 cc and > 100 cc.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Can J Urol. 2012 Oct;19(5):6450-8.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Hueber PA; Ben-Zvi T; Liberman D; Bhojani N; Gautam G; Deklaj T; Katz M; Zorn KC

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Section of Urology Department of Surgery, Centre Hospitalier de l’Universite de Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of GreenLight 120W-HPS (American Medical Systems, Minnetonka, Minnesota, USA) laser vaporization for men with obstructive benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) according to prostate volumes < 60 cc, 60 cc-100 cc and > 100 cc. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The clinical data of 250 men with symptomatic BPH who underwent photoselective vaporization prostatectomy (PVP) by a single surgeon between July  2007 and August 2009 were retrospectively analyzed. Prostate volumes were measured by using transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS). Functional evaluations were performed at 3, 6 and 12 months with a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) obtained at 6 months. All men were stratified into three groups according to TRUS volume.  RESULTS: Among the 250 consecutive PVP patients, 134, 76 and 40 men had prostate  volumes < 60 cc, 60 cc-100 cc and > 100 cc, respectively. Mean laser time and delivered energy were 31, 44 and 59 minutes; 163, 309 and 473 kJ respectively (p  < 0.01 for all). At 1 year, mean International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) improved by 69%, 63% and 50%, Qmax increased by 194%, 175% and 162% and post void residual (PVR) decreased by 88%, 81% and 71%, respectively (p < 0.01 for all). Mean decrease in preoperative PSA at 6 months was 63%, 52% and 41% (p < 0.01), respectively. Hospital stay, catheterization time and complication rates were comparable between groups, however retreatment rates were significantly higher for prostates >100 cc (1.5% versus 2.6% versus 9%; p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Although larger prostates require more time and energy delivery, PVP is safe and  efficacious for patients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) regardless of prostate size. Laser vaporization for glands > 100 cc appears to have a reduced reduction in PSA and a higher 9% rate of retreatment indicating that PVP for larger prostates remains to be optimized.

 

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[906]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Erectile dysfunction after prostate three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy. Correlation with the dose to the penile bulb.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Strahlenther Onkol. 2012 Nov;188(11):997-1002. doi: 10.1007/s00066-012-0227-8. Epub 2012 Sep 29.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s00066-012-0227-8

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Magli A; Giangreco M; Crespi M; Negri A; Ceschia T; De Giorgi G; Titone F; Parisi G; Fongione S

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Udine, Udine, Italy. magli.alessandro@aoud.sanita.fvg.it

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: Erectile dysfunction is associated with all the common treatment options for prostate cancer. The aim of this research was to evaluate the relationship between erectile function and radiation dose to the penile bulb (PB) and other proximal penile structures in men receiving conformal radiotherapy (CRT) without  hormonal therapy (HT) for prostate cancer, whose sexual function was known before treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study included 19 patients treated with 3D-CRT for localized prostate cancer at our department, who were self-reported to be potent before treatment, had not received HT, and had complete follow-up data  available. Our evaluation was based on the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5). Dose-volume histograms (DVHs) were used to evaluate the dose to the PB. Statistical analysis was performed with an unconditional logistic regression model. RESULTS: All patients reported change in potency after radiation. Eight patients (42%) remained potent but showed a decrease of 1 or 2 levels of potency, as defined by the IIEF-5 questionnaire (reduced potency group), while 11 patients (58%) reported a change of higher levels and revealed a severe erectile dysfunction after 2 years (impotence group). Multivariate analysis of morphological and dosimetric variables yielded significance for the mean dose (p = 0.05 with an odds ratio of 1.14 and 95% CI 1-1.30). Patients receiving a mean dose of less than 50 Gy to the PB appear to have a much greater  likelihood of maintaining potency. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest a possible existence of a dose-volume correlation between the dose applied to the PB and radiation-induced impotence.

 

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[907]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - The impact of perioperative blood transfusion on survival following radical cystectomy for urothelial carcinoma.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Can J Urol. 2012 Oct;19(5):6443-9.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Sadeghi N; Badalato GM; Hruby G; Kates M; McKiernan JM

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Squier Urological Clinic, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - INTRODUCTION: Perioperative blood transfusion (PBT) has been shown to contribute  to cancer progression and mortality. This study sought to determine the impact of PBT during radical cystectomy on cancer-specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The Columbia University Urologic Oncology Database was reviewed for patients who underwent a RC from 1989 to 2010 (n = 638). PBT was defined as non-autologous packed red blood cells (PRBC) received during the same hospital stay as the radical cystectomy. Clinical and pathological variables were compared between the cohorts and survival analysis was performed with the Kaplan-Meier and Cox-regression methods. The primary outcomes were CSS and OS. RESULTS: Of 638 patients identified, 209 patients (32.8%) underwent PBT with an average of 2.21 +/- 1.66 units transfused PRBC. Mean age was 68.1 +/- 11.2 years; median follow up was 25.5 months (range 1-164 months). The number of units of PRBC transfused was inversely associated with OS  (HR 1.12; p = 0.008) and CSS (HR 1.12; p = 0.049) on univariable analysis. Additionally, Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated a significant difference in OS (p = 0.0211) in patients who received more units of PRBC. However, on multivariable analysis, the number of units of PRBC transfused was not an independent predictor of outcome for CSS (p = 0.300) or OS (p = 0.246). CONCLUSIONS: Each additional unit of PRBC received during radical cystectomy is associated with a decrease in survival. However, after controlling for clinical and pathologic factors which predict survival, PBT does not have an independent affect upon CSS or OS.

 

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[908]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - The expression of heterochromatin protein 1alpha/beta in the kidney tumors: a microarray immunohistochemical study.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Ann Diagn Pathol. 2013 Apr;17(2):172-5. doi: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2012.10.002. Epub 2012 Nov 9.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.anndiagpath.2012.10.002

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Han B; Ziober A; Lu S; Bing Z

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Kidney tumors of various types may behave differently and have different prognosis. Due to some overlapping morphological features and immunohistochemical staining pattern, they may pose diagnostic challenge. Therefore, it is necessary  to explore additional immunohistochemical stains to help in subclassifying these  epithelial neoplasms. Tissue microarrays of 20 cases each of renal cell carcinomas (RCC) of clear cell, chromophobe, and papillary variants and oncocytoma were constructed and used to test the heterochromatin-associated protein (HP) 1alpha/beta expression. HP-1alpha/beta showed strong nuclear staining. Expression of HP-1alpha/beta was found mostly in papillary RCC (79%) and oncocytoma (75%) but less in chromophobe (30%) and clear cell RCCs (35%). HP-1alpha/beta may be useful in the differential diagnosis of renal tumors, especially in the differentiation of chromophobe RCC and oncocytoma.

 

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[909]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Short-term functional and oncological outcomes of partial nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma in patients with an anatomically or functionally solitary kidney:  single-center experience.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Int J Clin Oncol. 2012 Oct 12.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s10147-012-0484-7

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Maehana T; Tanaka T; Kitamura H; Masumori N; Tsukamoto T

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, S-1, W-16,  Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8543, Japan.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: We retrospectively investigated short-term functional and oncological outcomes of partial nephrectomy (PN) for the anatomically or functionally solitary kidney in patients with renal cell carcinoma. METHODS: Between 1993 and  2011, 193 partial nephrectomies were performed and 16 (8.3 %) had an imperative indication in our institution. The patients’ characteristics, peri- and postoperative complications, surgical margin status and postoperative changes in  estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFR) were assessed. RESULTS: The median follow-up period was 31.2 months and median age was 69.5 years. Open and laparoscopic PN were performed for 13 and 2 patients, respectively. One patient received ex-vivo PN followed by autotransplantation. There was no case with a positive surgical margin. All patients survived at the final day of observation.  Median preoperative eGFR was 48.67 mL/min/1.73 m(2) and the reduction rate of eGFR at 3 months after operation was 20.9 % (0-50.2). Three patients (18.8 %) required temporary hemodialysis after operation and all these patients had stage  4 chronic kidney disease (CKD) before operation. Only one patient needed chronic  hemodialysis at 8 months after operation. CONCLUSIONS: PN can be performed safely and provides feasible functional and oncological outcomes. Preoperative CKD stage 4 patients may have a risk of temporary hemodialysis in the perioperative period.

 

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[910]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Current strategies in the treatment of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Expert Rev Anticancer Ther. 2012 Aug;12(8):1097-106. doi: 10.1586/era.12.87.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1586/era.12.87

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Oosterlinck W; Decaestecker K

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan, 185, 9000 Ghent,  Belgium. willem.oosterlinck@ugent.be

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - This review is based on a data search up to the end of January 2012 on strategies in the treatment of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. One of the authors was chairman of the guidelines writing committee of the European Association of Urology, and these guidelines served as a backbone. They are updated and adapted  according to the most recent data. It is astonishing how much important data were published in the last 2 years. Many data have a high level of evidence and allow  well-supported recommendations. However, recommendations are not given but the discussion for reflection on it is given in this article.

 

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[911]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Radium-223 chloride: a new treatment option for metastatic castration-resistant prostate carcinoma.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Drugs R D. 2012 Dec 1;12(4):227-33. doi: 10.2165/11636250-000000000-00000.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 2165/11636250-000000000-00000

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Pinto A; Cruz P

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital La Paz - IdiPAZ, Madrid, España.  alvaropintomarin@gmail.com

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - In the last few years, the treatment of castration-resistant prostate carcinoma (CRPC) has changed completely. The approval of docetaxel and subsequent investigation in this field have led to development of new agents that have demonstrated an improvement in overall survival in the post-docetaxel setting, such as cabazitaxel and abiraterone. Radium-223 chloride is a radioisotope that has recently shown efficacy after docetaxel and in patients unfit for docetaxel,  with improvements in overall survival and the time to the first skeletal-related  event, compared with placebo, without increasing toxicity. These findings have made this agent a new option for treatment of these patients in the near future.

 

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[912]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Update on the sexual impact of treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Curr Urol Rep. 2012 Dec;13(6):433-40. doi: 10.1007/s11934-012-0278-5.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s11934-012-0278-5

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Bell JR; Laborde E

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, LA 70121, USA. jbell@ochsner.org

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - There is an established link between lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and erectile dysfunction (ED). The medical  and surgical management of LUTS can affect erectile function (EF), cause ejaculatory dysfunction (EjD) or affect libido. This article will review the effects of these therapies on sexual function.

 

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[913]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - STX2171, a 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 3 inhibitor, is efficacious in vivo in a novel hormone-dependent prostate cancer model.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Endocr Relat Cancer. 2013 Feb 18;20(1):53-64. doi: 10.1530/ERC-12-0231. Print 2013.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1530/ERC-12-0231

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Day JM; Foster PA; Tutill HJ; Schmidlin F; Sharland CM; Hargrave JD; Vicker N; Potter BV; Reed MJ; Purohit A

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Oncology Drug Discovery and Women’s Health Group, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, and Sterix Ltd., Imperial College London, UK.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - 17beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (17beta-HSDs) catalyse the 17-position reduction/oxidation of steroids. 17beta-HSD type 3 (17beta-HSD3) catalyses the reduction of the weakly androgenic androstenedione (adione) to testosterone, suggesting that specific inhibitors of 17beta-HSD3 may have a role in the treatment of hormone-dependent prostate cancer and benign prostate hyperplasia. STX2171 is a novel selective non-steroidal 17beta-HSD3 inhibitor with an IC(50) of approximately 200 nM in a whole-cell assay. It inhibits adione-stimulated proliferation of 17beta-HSD3-expressing androgen receptor-positive LNCaP(HSD3) prostate cancer cells in vitro. An androgen-stimulated LNCaP(HSD3) xenograft proof-of-concept model was developed to study the efficacies of STX2171 and a more established 17beta-HSD3 inhibitor, STX1383 (SCH-451659, Schering-Plough), in vivo. Castrated male MF-1 mice were inoculated s.c. with 1x10(7) cells 24 h after an initial daily dose of testosterone propionate (TP) or vehicle. After 4 weeks,  tumours had not developed in vehicle-dosed mice, but were present in 50% of those mice given TP. One week after switching the stimulus to adione, mice were dosed additionally with the vehicle or inhibitor for a further 4 weeks. Both TP and adione efficiently stimulated tumour growth and increased plasma testosterone levels; however, in the presence of either 17beta-HSD3 inhibitor, adione-dependent tumour growth was significantly inhibited and plasma testosterone levels reduced. Mouse body weights were unaffected. Both inhibitors  also significantly lowered plasma testosterone levels in intact mice. In conclusion, STX2171 and STX1383 significantly lower plasma testosterone levels and inhibit androgen-dependent tumour growth in vivo, indicating that 17beta-HSD3 inhibitors may have application in the treatment of hormone-dependent prostate cancer.

 

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[914]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Serum caveolin-1, a biomarker of drug response and therapeutic target in prostate cancer models.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Cancer Biol Ther. 2013 Feb;14(2):117-26. doi: 10.4161/cbt.22633. Epub 2012 Oct 31.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 4161/cbt.22633

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Tahir SA; Kurosaka S; Tanimoto R; Goltsov AA; Park S; Thompson TC

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology-Research; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston, Texas USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - We investigated the effect of dasatinib and sunitinib on tyrosine kinase (TK) signaling, caveolin-1 (Cav-1) expression and secretion and proliferation of PC-3  and DU145 prostate cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Treatment of both cell lines with either dasatinib or sunitinib reduced phosphorylation of PDGFR, VEGFR2, Akt, FAK, Src (dasatinib only) and Cav-1, and reduced cellular and secreted levels of Cav-1. Both agents dose-dependently inhibited proliferation of these cells. In PC-3 and DU145 subcutaneous xenografts, treatment with dasatinib, sunitinib or anti-Cav-1 antibody (Ab) alone produced significant tumor regression compared with that by vehicle or IgG alone. Combined dasatinib and anti-Cav-1 Ab  treatment or sunitinib and anti-Cav-1 Ab produced greater tumor regression than either treatment alone. Serum Cav-1 levels were lower in dasatinib- and sunitinib-treated mice than they were in vehicle-treated mice, and correlated positively with tumor growth in dasatinib- and sunitinib-treated groups (r = 0.48, p = 0.031; r = 0.554, p = 0.0065, respectively), compared with vehicle controls. Cav-1 knockdown, in combination with dasatinib or sunitinib treatment in PC-3 cells, caused a greater reduction in the phosphorylation of PDGFR-beta and VEGFR2, and expression and secretion of PDGF-B and VEGF-A than that in PC-3 cells treated with dasatinib or sunitinib alone in control siRNA cells, suggesting that Cav-1 is involved in an autocrine pathway that is affected by these drugs. Overall, our results suggest a role for Cav-1 as a biomarker of response to both dasatinib and sunitinib treatment and as a therapeutic target in prostate cancer.

 

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[915]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - New perspectives in the therapy of castration resistant prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Curr Drug Targets. 2012 Dec;13(13):1676-86.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Rescigno P; Buonerba C; Bellmunt J; Sonpavde G; De Placido S; Di Lorenzo G

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Genitourinary Cancer Section, Medical Oncology Division, Department of Endocrinology and Oncology, University Federico II, Napoli, Italy. giuseppedilorenzoncol@hotmail.com

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Prostate Cancer is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy and the second leading  cause of cancer-related death in men in the Western World. Docetaxel-based chemotherapy has been the mainstay of treatment until a few years ago for metastatic castration resistant prostatic cancer (mCRPC). Recently, a broad range of therapeutic options has become available for mCRPC in a variety of settings, including chemotherapeutic agents (cabazitaxel), androgen synthesis inhibitors (abiraterone acetate), androgen receptor (AR) inhibitors (enzalutamide) and immunotherapy (sipuleucel-T). Multiple novel targeted agents are at an advanced stage of experimentation, including androgen synthesis inhibitors (TAK700), AR inhibitors (ARN509), radiopharmaceuticals (radium-223) and immunotherapeutic agents (poxvirus-based vaccine, ipilimumab). This review describes in detail the  latest results obtained with a the most promising agents in prostate cancer, with a focus on CRPC biology and mechanism of resistance to anti-neoplastic treatment.

 

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[916]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Early start of dialysis has no survival benefit in end-stage renal disease patients.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Korean Med Sci. 2012 Oct;27(10):1177-81. doi: 10.3346/jkms.2012.27.10.1177. Epub 2012 Oct 2.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 3346/jkms.2012.27.10.1177

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Chang JH; Rim MY; Sung J; Ko KP; Kim DK; Jung JY; Lee HH; Chung W; Kim S

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Incheon, Korea.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - The timing for dialysis initiationis still debated. The aim of this study was to  compare mortality rates, using a propensity-score approach, in dialysis patients  with early or late starts. From January 2000 to June 2009, incident adult patients (n = 836) starting dialysis for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) were enrolled. The patients were assigned to either an early- or late-start group depending on the initiation time of the dialysis. After propensity-score-basedmatching, 450 patients remained. At the initiation of dialysis, the mean estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was 11.1 mL/min/1.73 m(2) in the early-start group compared with 6.1 mL/min/1.73 m(2) in the late-start group. There were no significant differences in survival between the patients in the early- and late-start groups (Log rank tests P = 0.172). A higher overall mortality risk was observed in the early-start group than in the late-start group for the patients aged >/= 70 yr (hazard ratio [HR]: 3.29; P = 0.048) and/or who had albumin levels >/= 3.5 g/dL (HR: 2.53; P = 0.046). The survival of the ESRD patients was comparable between the patients in the early and late-start groups. The time to initiate dialysis should be determined based on clinical findings as well as the eGFR.

 

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[917]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Moderate renal dysfunction may not require a cisplatin dose reduction: a retrospective study of cancer patients with renal impairment.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Int J Clin Oncol. 2012 Oct 5.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s10147-012-0481-x

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Ogawa T; Niho S; Nagai S; Kojima T; Nishimura Y; Ohe Y; Kondo N; Yamaguchi T; Endo K; Izumi K; Minami H

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Division of Pharmacy, National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-0882, Japan, toogawa@east.ncc.go.jp.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the tolerability of cisplatin (CDDP) in patients with moderate renal dysfunction. METHODS: To investigate the relationship between CDDP dose and nephrotoxicity, a retrospective chart review was conducted of patients with a creatinine clearance (Ccr) of 30-60 mL/min. Subjects were classified into three groups according to the CDDP dose, as determined by the physician, and the nephrotoxicity among these groups was compared. Additionally, we investigated the correlation coefficients between maximum serum creatinine (Scr) level or minimum estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and baseline Ccr. RESULTS: Fifty-six patients were included in this study. Among these patients, 13 patients received 30-40 mg/m(2) CDDP (group I), 18 patients received 40-70 mg/m(2) (group II), and 25 patients received 70-80 mg/m(2) (group III). No significant difference in nephrotoxicity was observed (median Scr 1.53, 1.61, and 1.53 mg/dL, respectively), and no correlation was observed between baseline Ccr and maximum Scr (r = 0.004, p = 0.979) or minimum eGFR (r = 0.21, p = 0.119). Only two patients (3.5 %) experienced grade 3 or 4 Scr elevation-one patient with a Ccr of 52.6 mL/min received 60 mg/m(2) CDDP, and the other patient with a Ccr of 52.1 mL/min received 70 mg/m(2) of CDDP. Hemodialysis was not observed. CONCLUSION: CDDP was tolerated at doses of 35-80 mg/m(2) among patients with moderate renal impairment. Empiric dose reduction might create a risk of under-treatment.

 

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[918]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - A role for preoperative systemic chemotherapy in node-positive upper tract urothelial carcinoma treated with radical nephroureterectomy.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Jpn J Clin Oncol. 2012 Dec;42(12):1192-6. doi: 10.1093/jjco/hys166. Epub 2012 Oct 16.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1093/jjco/hys166

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Kitamura H; Igarashi M; Tanaka T; Shindo T; Masumori N; Tamakawa M; Kawaai Y; Tsukamoto T

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South 1 West 16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 060-8543, Japan. hkitamu@sapmed.ac.jp

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - OBJECTIVE: There are few reports investigating the potential benefits of preoperative systemic chemotherapy for patients with node-positive upper tract urothelial carcinoma. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of preoperative systemic chemotherapy on the clinical outcomes of patients with node-positive upper tract urothelial carcinoma treated by radical nephroureterectomy. METHODS: Data were collected on 195 consecutive patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma treated by radical nephroureterectomy between 1995 and 2010 at a single institute. Of these, 29 patients with node-positive disease but no visceral metastasis were retrospectively evaluated. In patients who underwent preoperative systemic chemotherapy, tumor response, post-therapy pathological downstaging to either residual disease at radical nephroureterectomy or no residual lymph node metastasis (pN0) and toxicity were the endpoints of interest. Overall survival was compared between two groups: those with and without preoperative chemotherapy. RESULTS: All patients underwent regional lymphadenectomy. Overall, 15 patients (52%) underwent preoperative systemic chemotherapy. Pathological downstaging was achieved in 47%, including pN0, but there was no pathological complete response. Eighty-six percent of the patients with pathological downstaging had no evidence of recurrence. The median overall survivals were 38 and 9 months for patients with and without preoperative systemic chemotherapy, respectively (hazard ratio: 0.26, P = 0.015, log-rank test). There was no significant difference in operative morbidity between the two groups, and no operations were delayed because of preoperative chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: The survival of patients who undergo preoperative systemic chemotherapy following radical nephroureterectomy seems to be superior to that of those undergoing radical nephroureterectomy alone. However, to confirm this, prospective randomized studies are needed.

 

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[919]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - A rare case of solitary metastatic non-seminomatous malignant germ cell tumor to  the prostate.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Can J Urol. 2012 Oct;19(5):6471-3.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Dobbs RW; Osunkoya AO; Nieh PT; Canter DJ

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Testicular cancer is the most common solid malignancy of men aged 15-40 years and metastasizes in a predictable manner via lymphatic spread. Involvement of metastatic testicular cancer to the prostate is an exceedingly rare event which has only been previously described in patients with seminomatous germ cell tumors. In this report, we present a case of a 42-year-old man who presented with metastatic testicular cancer to the prostate 8 years after his original diagnosis of a mixed germ cell left testicular tumor.

 

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[920]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Optimizing the management of prostate cancer in senior adults: call to action.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Oncologist. 2012;17 Suppl 1:1-3.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1634/theoncologist.2012-S1-01

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Fitzpatrick JM

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Surgery, Mater Misericordiae Hospital and University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland. jfitzpatrick@irishcancer.ie

 

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[921]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Serum zinc level and prostatic lesion.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Mymensingh Med J. 2012 Oct;21(4):679-83.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Rahman MT; Mumu MA; Kabir Y; Choudhury MM; Saiedullah M

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Pathology, Anwer Khan Modern Medical College, Dhanmondi, Dhaka, Bangladesh. mtahminur@yahoo.com

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - To find out if there is any association of serum zinc level with different prostatic lesions like - benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), prostatic intraepithelial lesion (PIN) and frank prostatic carcinoma. Serum zinc level was  measured by colorimetric method using RA50 semi autoanalyser from 49 patients having different prostatic pathology (BPH 13, PIN 31, carcinoma 5) and 30 age matched control who had no prostatic complaints. Statisticaly significant (p<0.01) gradual increased zinc level were found in patients having prostatic lesions. In BPH the serum (mean +/- SD) zinc level was 101 +/- 26.15, in low grade PIN 116 +/- 21.34, high grade PIN 117 +/- 20.95 and in frank prostatic carcinoma it was 139 +/- 11.09 mugm/dl. Our results show statistical significant  gradual increase of serum Zinc in BPH, PIN and frank prostatic carcinoma patients. Serum zinc level estimation can be routinely used as adjuvant for evaluation of prostatic lesion.

 

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[922]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) management in the primary care setting.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Can J Urol. 2012 Oct;19 Suppl 1:10-7.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Kapoor A

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, McMaster University, Juravinski Cancer Centre, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) occurs in up to 50% of men by age 50, and the incidence increases with age. This common clinical problem is diagnosed by history, including the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) questionnaire, and physical examination by digital rectal examination (DRE). Initial management  for BPH includes lifestyle modification, and smooth muscle relaxant alpha blocker therapy. Alpha blockers usually take effect quickly within 3-5 days, and have minimal side effects. Current commonly used alpha blockers include the selective  alpha blockers tamsulosin (Flomax), alfusosin (Xatral), and silodosin (Rapaflo).  For patients with larger prostates, the 5-alpha reductase inhibitor class (finasteride (Proscar) and dutasteride (Avodart)) work effectively to shrink prostate stroma resulting in improved voiding. The 5-ARI class of drugs, in addition to reducing prostate size, also reduce the need for future BPH-related surgery, and reduce the risk of future urinary retention. Drugs from the phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) inhibitor class may now be considered for treating BPH. Once daily 5 mg tadalafil has been shown to improve BPH-related symptoms and is currently approved to treat patients with BPH. Referral to a urologist can be  considered for patients with a rising prostate-specific antigen (PSA), especially while on 5-ARI, failure of urinary symptom control despite maximal medical therapy, suspicion of prostate cancer, hematuria, recurrent urinary infections, urinary retention, or renal failure. Currently the primary care physician is armed with multiple treatment options to effectively treat men with symptomatic BPH.

 

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[923]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Moderate hypofractionation and simultaneous integrated boost with volumetric modulated arc therapy (RapidArc) for prostate cancer. Report of feasibility and acute toxicity.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Strahlenther Onkol. 2012 Nov;188(11):990-6. doi: 10.1007/s00066-012-0171-7. Epub  2012 Sep 29.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s00066-012-0171-7

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Alongi F; Fogliata A; Navarria P; Tozzi A; Mancosu P; Lobefalo F; Reggiori G; Clivio A; Cozzi L; Scorsetti M

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Radiotherapy, Humanitas Cancer Center, Istituto Clinico Humanitas,  Via Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy. filippo.alongi@humanitas.it

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: In the present study, the acute toxicity profiles for prostate patients  treated with simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) with volumetric modulated arcs in a hypofractionated regime are reported. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 70 patients treated with RapidArc between May 2010 and September 2011 were retrospectively evaluated. Patients were stratified into low (36%), intermediate  (49%), and high-risk (16%) groups. Target volumes (expanded to define the planning volumes (PTV)) were clinical target volume (CTV) 1: prostate; CTV2: CTV1 + seminal vesicles; CTV3: CTV2 + pelvic nodes. Low-risk patients received 71.4 Gy to PTV1; intermediate-risk 74.2 Gy to PTV1 and 61.6 or 65.5 Gy to PTV2; high-risk 74.2 Gy to PTV1, 61.6 or 65.5 Gy to PTV2, and 51.8 Gy to PTV3. All treatments were in 28 fractions. The median follow-up was 11 months (range 3.5-23 months). The acute rectal, gastrointestinal (GI) and genitourinary (GU) toxicities were scored according to EORTC/RTOG scales. RESULTS: Acute toxicities were recorded for the GU [G0 = 31/70 (44%), G1 = 22/70 (31%); G2 = 16/70 (23%); G3 = 1/70 (1%)], the rectum [G0 = 46/70 (66%); G1 = 12/70 (17%); G2 = 12/70 (17%); no G3],  and the GI [G0 = 54/69 (77%); G1 = 11/69 (16%); G2 = 4/69 (6%); no G3]. Median time to rectal, GU, and GI toxicities were 27, 30, and 33 days, respectively. Only the GI toxicity correlated with stage and pelvic irradiation. Univariate analysis presented significant correlations between GI toxicity and intestinal irradiation (V(50 Gy) and V(60 Gy)). In the multivariate analysis, the only significant dosimetric variable was V(50 Gy) for the intestinal cavity. CONCLUSION: Moderate hypofractionation with SIB and RapidArc was shown to be safe, with acceptable acute toxicity. Longer follow-up is needed to assess late toxicity and clinical outcome.

 

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[924]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Biphasic alveolosquamoid renal carcinoma: a histomorphological, immunohistochemical, molecular genetic, and ultrastructural study of a distinctive morphologic variant of renal cell carcinoma.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Ann Diagn Pathol. 2012 Dec;16(6):459-69. doi: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2012.08.007.  Epub 2012 Oct 2.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.anndiagpath.2012.08.007

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Petersson F; Bulimbasic S; Hes O; Slavik P; Martinek P; Michal M; Gomolcakova B; Hora M; Damjanov I

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Pathology, Charles University in Prague-Faculty of Medicine in Plzen, Plzen, Czech Republic.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Only a few cases of sarcomatoid renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) with squamous differentiation have been published. We present 2 RCCs exhibiting a hitherto not  reported biphasic neoplastic cell population exhibiting a predominantly alveolar  architecture where squamoid differentiation was identified in one of the neoplastic cell populations. None of the tumors showed chromophobe features or any evidence of sarcomatoid transformation. The tumors arose in 2 adult patients  and were characterized by routine histology, immunohistochemistry, ultrastructure, array comparative genomic hybridization, confirmatory fluorescent in situ hybridization, and loss of heterozygosity analysis. Tumors measured 3 and 4 cm and were located within the renal parenchyma and had no pelvicalyceal connection. Both tumors were composed of a distinctly dual-cell population. The larger tumor cells displayed squamoid features and formed round well-demarcated solid alveolated islands that, in large parts, were surrounded by a smaller neoplastic cell component. The squamoid cells were immunoreactive for cytokeratins (CKs) (AE1-AE3, Cam 5.2, CK5/6, CK7, and CK20), epithelial membrane  antigen, racemase/AMACR, and carboanhydrase IX (in 1 case focally). The small cell population was positive for CK7, epithelial membrane antigen, and racemase/AMACR, whereas CK20, AE1-3, and carboanhydrase IX were negative. CD10 was focally positive in the large squamoid cells in 1 case. Cathepsin K, E-cadherin, and CD117 displayed focal positivity in 1 case. Vimentin, RCC marker, parvalbumin, S100 protein, S100 A1, p63, p53, CDX2, uroplakin III, HMB45, TFE3, WT1, synaptophysin, chromogranin A, thyroglobulin, and TTF1 were negative. The proliferative activity (Ki-67) was low (1%) in the small cell component in both cases, whereas the large neoplastic tumor cells displayed a significantly higher  proliferation (20%-35%). Ultrastructurally, desmosomes and tonofilaments were identified in the large tumor cells, confirming squamoid differentiation in a subset of tumor cells. Array comparative genomic hybridization of 1 analyzable case (confirmed with fluorescent in situ hybridization and loss of heterozygosity analysis) revealed partial or complete losses of chromosomes 2, 5, 6, 9, 12, 15,  16, 17, 18 and 22, (including biallelic loss of CDKN2A locus) and partial gains of chromosomes 1, 5, 11, 12 and 13. Follow-up at 6 years showed no recurrence or  metastasis in 1 patient. The other (male) patients had a subcutaneous metastasis  at presentation, but during a 1-year follow-up no evidence of recurrence or further metastatic events have been documented. Our data indicate that biphasic alveolosquamoid renal carcinoma is a unique and distinctive tumor. The large squamoid and small tumor cells have overlapping but still distinctive immunohistochemical patterns of protein expression. Multiple chromosomal aberrations were identified, some of them located in regions with known tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes.

 

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[925]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Radical radiotherapy for high-risk prostate cancer in older men.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Oncologist. 2012;17 Suppl 1:9-15.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1634/theoncologist.2012-S1-09

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Payne HA; Hughes S

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - University College London Hospitals, London NW1 2PG, United Kingdom. heather_payne@blueyonder.co.uk

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Historical data for older men with high-risk nonmetastatic prostate cancer treated with radiotherapy alone have demonstrated a 10-year prostate-cancer-specific mortality of around 30%. The development of dose escalation, using techniques such as intensity-modulated radiotherapy, has enabled more targeted delivery of treatment with improved efficacy and a reduction in the risk of toxicity compared with conventional radiotherapy. The combination of radiotherapy and androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) has been shown to improve overall survival compared with radiotherapy or ADT alone without a significant increase in toxicity in patients with minimal comorbidities. There is evidence that patient age has only a marginal effect on genitourinary and gastrointestinal toxicities following radiotherapy. Further research has shown that although age does have an effect on the likelihood of sexual dysfunction after radiation therapy, there is no significant difference in the proportion of  men aged >/= 75 years who feel that sexual dysfunction is a moderate or serious problem before or 24 months after diagnosis. Radical radiotherapy is effective and well tolerated in senior men with high-risk prostate cancer and should be offered in combination with long-term ADT to patients with minimal comorbidities. In case of significant comorbid conditions, shorter durations of ADT may be considered.

 

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[926]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Selective sampling using confocal Raman spectroscopy provides enhanced specificity for urinary bladder cancer diagnosis.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Anal Bioanal Chem. 2012 Dec;404(10):3091-9. doi: 10.1007/s00216-012-6424-6. Epub  2012 Oct 2.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s00216-012-6424-6

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Barman I; Dingari NC; Singh GP; Kumar R; Lang S; Nabi G

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - G. R. Harrison Spectroscopy Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - In recent years, Raman spectroscopy has shown substantive promise in diagnosing bladder cancer, especially due to its exquisite molecular specificity. The ability to reduce false detection rates in comparison to existing diagnostic tools such as photodynamic diagnosis makes Raman spectroscopy particularly attractive as a complementary diagnostic tool for real-time guidance of transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT). Nevertheless, the state-of-the-art high-volume Raman spectroscopic probes have not reached the expected levels of specificity thereby impeding their clinical translation. To address this issue, we propose the use of a confocal Raman probe for bladder cancer diagnosis that can boost the specificity of the diagnostic algorithm based on its suppression of the out-of-focus non-analyte-specific signals emanating from the neighboring normal tissue. In this article, we engineer and apply such a probe, having depth of field of approximately 280 mum, for Raman spectral acquisition from ex vivo normal and cancerous TURBT samples. Using this clinical  dataset, a diagnostic algorithm based on principal component analysis and logistic regression is developed. We demonstrate that this approach results in comparable sensitivity but significantly higher specificity in relation to high-volume Raman spectral data. The application of only two principal components is sufficient for the discrimination of the samples underlining the robustness of the algorithm. Further, no discordance between replicate spectra is observed emphasizing the reproducible nature of the current diagnostic assessment. The high levels of sensitivity and specificity achieved in this proof-of-concept study opens substantive avenues for application of a confocal Raman probe during  endoscopic procedures related to diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancer.

 

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[927]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Evaluation of SF-1 Expression in Testicular Germ Cell Tumors: A Tissue Microarray Study of 127 Cases.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol. 2012 Nov 15.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1097/PAI.0b013e318277cf5a

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Sangoi AR; McKenney JK; Brooks JD; Higgins JP

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Departments of *Pathology double daggerUrology, Stanford University, Stanford daggerDepartment of Pathology, El Camino Hospital, Mountain View, CA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Differentiating testicular germ cell tumors from sex-cord stromal tumors can be difficult in certain cases because of overlapping morphologic features and/or an  absence of clinically apparent hormonal symptoms. Immunohistochemistry may be needed as an ancillary diagnostic tool in this differential diagnostic setting. Steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1) is a nuclear transcription factor controlling steroidogenesis and is expressed in developing Sertoli and Leydig cells. Although 1 recent study has reported SF-1 nuclear immunoreactivity in testicular sex-cord  stromal tumors, the specificity for this marker in germ cell tumors has not been  evaluated. After encountering several problematic cases (including some on testicular biopsy), we sought to determine the diagnostic specificity of SF-1 in  a large series of germ cell tumors. Nuclear immunohistochemical expression of SF-1 was evaluated in 127 germ cell tumors using tissue microarray technology with 23 non-germ cell tumor tissues as positive internal controls. No nuclear SF-1 expression was identified in any of the 127 germ cell tumors [including choriocarcinoma (3), embryonal carcinoma (25), epidermal inclusion cyst (1), intratubular germ cell neoplasia unclassified (4), seminoma (72), spermatocytic seminoma (2), teratoma (8), and yolk sac tumor (12)]. All 23 non-germ cell tumor  tissues showed strong nuclear SF-1 expression in Sertoli and/or Leydig cells [including testicular atrophy (10), cryptorchidism (2), normal testis (4), hypospermatogenesis (1), immature testis (1), intratubular large cell calcifying  Sertoli cell tumor (1), Leydig cell tumor (3), and Sertoli only (1)]. This study  documents the absence of SF-1 expression in testicular germ cell tumors and supports its specificity for sex-cord stromal lesions in this diagnostic context.

 

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[928]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - A 28-year-old female with persistent back pain and urinary frequency.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Clin Med. 2012 Oct;12(5):444-5.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Ratnarajah A; O’Kane K

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Actue Medicine, Guys and St Thomas’ Hospital Trust, London. abarna.ratnarajah@nhs.net

 

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[929]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Molecularly imprinted solid phase extraction of urinary diethyl thiophosphate and diethyl dithiophosphate and their analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2012 Nov 15;909:70-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.10.015. Epub 2012 Oct 17.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.jchromb.2012.10.015

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Santos MG; Vitor RV; Andrade FL; Martins I; Figueiredo EC

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Toxicants and Drug Analysis Laboratory-LATF, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences,  Federal University of Alfenas-Unifal-MG, 700 Gabriel Monteiro da Silva street, 37130-000 Alfenas, MG, Brazil.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - An analytical method involving molecularly imprinted solid phase extraction (MISPE) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was developed for the analysis of organophosphates metabolites (diethyl thiophosphate—DETP and diethyl dithiophosphate - DEDTP) in human urine samples. A DETP molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) was synthesized using 4-vinylpiridine as the functional monomer and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as the cross-linker. The conditioning step of the  MISPE was conducted by running 3 mL of acetonitrile, 3 mL of 0.1 mol L(-)(1) dibasic phosphate buffer at pH 11 and 2 mL of water through the molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) cartridge. The extraction step was executed using 1.0 mL  of a urine sample, with the pH previously adjusted to 3.0. Finally, the analytes  were eluted with 3 mL of acetonitrile and derivatized with 3% 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl bromide solution at room temperature for 1h. The sample was analyzed by GC-MS in the SIM (selected ion monitoring) mode. Analytical calibration curves for DETP and DEDTP were constructed using a pool of urine samples and six levels of concentration. The method was found to be linear  from 10 to 500 mug L(-)(1) (r>0.99) with limits of quantification of 10 mug L(-)(1) for both analytes. The within-day and between-day precisions were evaluated (as %RSD) and all the results were <15% for both analytes. The method was accurate (relative error<+/-15%), with good robustness.

 

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[930]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Nodal staging score: A tool for survival prediction of node-negative bladder cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Urol Oncol. 2012 Nov 7. pii: S1078-1439(12)00238-4. doi: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2012.06.012.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.urolonc.2012.06.012

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Ku JH; Kim HH; Kwak C

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: A recently developed nodal staging score (NSS) might give an estimation  of the likelihood of lymph node (LN) metastasis more accurately than simple cutoff of the number of LNs removed. The study aimed to evaluate whether patients with higher NSS will have a better outcome, since the NSS may provide an accurate staging across tumor stages. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The clinical and histopathologic data from 242 patients with LN-negative urothelial bladder cancer (pN0) were analyzed. Probability of missing positive LN of <10% (clinical NSS 90%) was set by examining 6 nodes for clinical Ta-Tis tumors, 9 nodes for cT1 tumors, and 25 nodes for cT2 tumors. Multivariate analysis by Cox’s proportional  hazards model was used to determine the contribution of NSS to cancer-specific survival rates of patients. Discrimination, calibration, and clinical net benefit of the Cox regression model were evaluated using a time-dependent receiver operating characteristics curve, plotting Kaplan-Meyer curve and decision curve analysis. RESULTS: Margin status and NSS exhibited independent contributions in the Cox regression model. The predictive accuracy of the Cox regression model was 0.756. The Cox regression model successfully stratified the outcome into three different groups based on score. At 2, 5, and 8 years, the Cox regression model performed well across a wide range of threshold probabilities using decision curve analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings support the prognostic relevance of the NSS 90% cutoff in patients with LN-negative bladder cancer. The present results should be validated by prospective studies with defined LN dissection area.

 

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[931]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Role of transcriptional corepressor CtBP1 in prostate cancer progression.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Neoplasia. 2012 Oct;14(10):905-14.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Wang R; Asangani IA; Chakravarthi BV; Ateeq B; Lonigro RJ; Cao Q; Mani RS; Camacho DF; McGregor N; Schumann TE; Jing X; Menawat R; Tomlins SA; Zheng H; Otte AP; Mehra R; Siddiqui J; Dhanasekaran SM; Nyati MK; Pienta KJ; Palanisamy N; Kunju LP; Rubin MA; Chinnaiyan AM; Varambally S

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, Department of Pathology, University  of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0602, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Transcriptional repressors and corepressors play a critical role in cellular homeostasis and are frequently altered in cancer. C-terminal binding protein 1 (CtBP1), a transcriptional corepressor that regulates the expression of tumor suppressors and genes involved in cell death, is known to play a role in multiple cancers. In this study, we observed the overexpression and mislocalization of CtBP1 in metastatic prostate cancer and demonstrated the functional significance  of CtBP1 in prostate cancer progression. Transient and stable knockdown of CtBP1  in prostate cancer cells inhibited their proliferation and invasion. Expression profiling studies of prostate cancer cell lines revealed that multiple tumor suppressor genes are repressed by CtBP1. Furthermore, our studies indicate a role for CtBP1 in conferring radiation resistance to prostate cancer cell lines. In vivo studies using chicken chorioallantoic membrane assay, xenograft studies, and murine metastasis models suggested a role for CtBP1 in prostate tumor growth and  metastasis. Taken together, our studies demonstrated that dysregulated expression of CtBP1 plays an important role in prostate cancer progression and may serve as  a viable therapeutic target.

 

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[932]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Preoperative prediction of malignant involvement of resected ureters in patients  undergoing radical cystectomy for bladder cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Int J Urol. 2012 Oct 29. doi: 10.1111/j.1442-2042.2012.03203.x.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1111/j.1442-2042.2012.03203.x

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Gondo T; Nakashima J; Ohno Y; Hashimoto T; Takizawa I; Sakamoto N; Horiguchi Y; Aoyagi T; Ohori M; Tachibana M

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - OBJECTIVE: To investigate preoperative predictors of ureteral involvement of bladder malignancy and to develop a novel preoperative model for the prediction of ureteral involvement in bladder cancer patients undergoing radical cystectomy. METHODS: This study included 197 consecutive bladder cancer patients treated with radical cystectomy. The correlations of preoperative factors with ureteral involvement were analyzed by univariate analysis with Pearson’s chi(2-) test and  multivariate logistic regression analysis with a stepwise selection procedure. RESULTS: Positive ureteral involvement was observed in 38 (19.3%) patients. Tumor location (involvement of the vesical trigone), clinical T stage (>/= cT3) and the number of tumors (>/=3), but not sex, tumor grade and histological features determined by transurethral resection of bladder tumor, tumor size, shape of tumor, concomitant presence of carcinoma in situ, preoperative intravesical therapy, number of transurethral resection of bladder tumor procedures or the presence of hydronephrosis were significantly associated with ureteral involvement in the univariate analysis. Multivariate logistic regression analysis confirmed that the aforementioned three significant factors identified in the univariate analysis were significant independent predictors of ureteral involvement. The probability of ureteral involvement estimated by a combination of these three parameters was well correlated with the real incidence (R = 0.904, P = 0.0021). CONCLUSIONS: Tumor location (involvement of vesical trigone), clinical T stage (>/=cT3) and the number of tumors (>/=3) are significant independent preoperative predictors of ureteral involvement of malignancy in bladder cancer patients undergoing radical cystectomy. Our predictive model might be useful for preoperative prediction of ureteral tumor involvement.

 

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[933]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - The presence of detrusor muscle in the pathological specimen after transurethral  resection of primary pT1 bladder tumors and its relationship to operator experience.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Can J Urol. 2012 Oct;19(5):6459-64.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Roupret M; Yates DR; Varinot J; Phe V; Chartier-Kastler E; Bitker MO; Comperat E

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Pitie-Salpetriere Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, France.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - INTRODUCTION: To assess the quality of transurethral resection of bladder tumors  (TURBTs) performed by “senior” and “junior” urologists for pT1 tumors in terms of detrusor muscle (DM) presence and recurrence rate at 3 month first cystoscopy (RR-FC). Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is a heterogeneous group with differing biological potentials. Tumors invading lamina propria (pT1) have an increased propensity for recurrence and progression. Accurate staging at the time of primary TURBT, including the presence of DM, is crucial to avoid understaging  and unnecessary delay in definitive treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed our maintained bladder tumor database (TURBTs from 2002 to 2009) and selected patients diagnosed with pT1 bladder tumors. Data on surgeon status, tumor characteristics (size, TNM stage 2009, grade, DM presence) and RR-FC were retrieved. Surgeons were stratified into “senior” and “junior” according to the years of prior training. RESULTS: Of the 340 TURBTs for pT1 tumors, “senior” and  “junior” surgeons performed 237 (69.7%) and 103 (30.3%), respectively. Overall, 238 (70%) TURBTs had DM in the specimen, including 175 (73.8%) and 63 (61.3%) for the “senior” and “junior” operators, respectively (p = 0.02). The overall RR-FC was 37.4% (n = 127) and was significantly different for DM presence and DM absence (30.7% versus 52.9%; p = 0.01). On multivariate analysis, tumor recurrence was associated with “junior” operator experience independent of the presence or absence of DM (OR = 2.33 [1.45-3.74]) p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The presence of DM in a primary TURBT for pT1 NMIBC is directly associated with operator experience, with an associated increased 3 month recurrence rate for “junior” resectionists.

 

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[934]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Aurora A overexpression and pVHL reduced expression are correlated with a bad kidney cancer prognosis.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Dis Markers. 2012;33(6):333-40. doi: 10.3233/DMA-2012-00942.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 3233/DMA-2012-00942

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Ferchichi I; Kourda N; Sassi S; Romdhane KB; Balatgi S; Cremet JY; Prigent C; Elgaaied AB

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Biology, Laboratory of Genetics, Immunology and Human Pathology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Tunisia. science.biologique@yahoo.fr

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - We investigate the expression and localization of the tumor suppressor protein pVHL as well as the oncoprotein Aurora A kinase in kidney cancer. Both Aurora A kinase and pVHL protein status were evaluated using immunohistochemistry. The Aurora A expression is correlated with the Fuhrman grade and the TNM stage, while the pVHL expression is correlated with the capsule rupture and the TNM stage. Aurora A kinase expression increases in malignant tissue comparing to the non-malignant one. And there is a decrease in pVHL expression from the adjacent healthy tissues to the tumor‘s ones. The two kinds of opposite tumor profiles display significant distribution difference according to TNM stages. It could be  proposed that the absence of Aurora A protein associated with a strong expression of pVHL in clear cells kidney carcinoma are of good prognosis for the disease.

 

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[935]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Efficacy and safety of temsirolimus in Japanese patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma on hemodialysis.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Int J Clin Oncol. 2012 Nov 1.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s10147-012-0492-7

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Miyake H; Harada KI; Kusuda Y; Fujisawa M

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Division of Urology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan, hideakimiyake@hotmail.com.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: We retrospectively investigated the efficacy and safety of temsirolimus, an inhibitor of the mammalian target of rapamycin, in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) on hemodialysis (HD). METHODS: This study  included ten HD patients who were diagnosed with mRCC following radical nephrectomy and subsequently treated with temsirolimus between December 2010 and  June 2012. Medical records of these patients were reviewed to evaluate the response to temsirolimus and treatment-related toxicities. RESULTS: Baseline characteristics of the patients are as follows: median age was 61 years, five patients had a Karnofsky performance status of </=80, and two, six, and two patients were classified into favorable, intermediate, and poor risk group, respectively, according to the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center risk model. Initially, all patients received 25 mg intravenous temsirolimus weekly; however,  dose modification was necessary in four patients, resulting in a relative dose intensity of 89.5 % throughout this study. All patients, except for one with progressive disease, were judged to have stable disease following treatment with  temsirolimus. Six patients are still under treatment with temsirolimus, whereas four have stopped receiving temsirolimus because of the occurrence of progressive disease in three and that of adverse events (AEs) in one. Although all patients experienced AEs related to temsirolimus, severe AEs corresponding to >/= grade 3  occurred in only four, including thrombocytopenia in two, anemia in one, and asthenia in one. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with temsirolimus is well tolerated and could provide comparatively favorable cancer control in Japanese mRCC patients undergoing HD.

 

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[936]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Biweekly sunitinib regimen reduces toxicity and retains efficacy in metastatic renal cell carcinoma: A single-center experience with 31 patients.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Int J Urol. 2012 Nov 1. doi: 10.1111/j.1442-2042.2012.03204.x.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1111/j.1442-2042.2012.03204.x

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Neri B; Vannini A; Brugia M; Muto A; Rangan S; Rediti M; Tassi R; Cerullo C

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - OBJECTIVES: Sunitinib is the standard care for first-line treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma. The aim of this study was to determine whether a sunitinib  regimen of 50 mg/day 2-weeks on/1-week off could maintain the same dose-intensity as the standard 4-weeks on/2-weeks off schedule, and provide the same efficacy in terms of objective response, progression-free survival and overall survival, while reducing drug-related toxicity. METHODS: A total of 31 patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma received sunitinib orally at the dose of 50 mg/day in a 2-weeks on/1-week off regimen until disease progression or intolerable toxicities occurred. RESULTS: All enrolled patients were assessable in terms of toxicity and response. They received treatment for a median of 16 months (range 2.0-36.0+ months). A total of 13 patients (42%) obtained an objective response; disease stabilization was achieved in 10 patients (32%), whereas eight patients (26%) experienced disease progression. The most important  toxicities were anemia, gastrointestinal effects, fatigue and hypertension, but they were all controlled. CONCLUSIONS: Sunitinib 50 mg given orally in a 2-weeks  on/1-week off regimen can provide a high response rate and avoid drug-related toxicities, achieving the same dose intensity as the standard schedule, and probably longer disease control.

 

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[937]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Urine Cell-Free DNA integrity as a marker for early bladder cancer diagnosis: Preliminary data.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Urol Oncol. 2012 Nov 7. pii: S1078-1439(12)00255-4. doi: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2012.07.013.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.urolonc.2012.07.013

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Casadio V; Calistri D; Tebaldi M; Bravaccini S; Gunelli R; Martorana G; Bertaccini A; Serra L; Scarpi E; Amadori D; Silvestrini R; Zoli W

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST), Meldola, Italy. Electronic address: v.casadio@irst.emr.it.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - OBJECTIVES: Urine cell-free (UCF) DNA has recently been proposed as a potential marker for early bladder cancer diagnosis. It is known that normal apoptotic cells produce highly fragmented DNA while cancer cells release longer DNA. Therefore, we verified the potential role of UCF DNA integrity in early bladder cancer diagnosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: UCF DNA was isolated from 51 bladder cancer patients, 46 symptomatic patients, and 32 healthy volunteers. To verify UCF DNA integrity, sequences longer than 250 bp, c-Myc, BCAS1, and HER2, were quantified by real time PCR. RESULTS: At the best cutoff value of 0.1 ng/mul, UCF DNA integrity analysis showed a sensitivity of 0.73 (95% CI 0.61-0.85), and a specificity of 0.84 (95% CI 0.71-0.97) in healthy individuals and 0.83 (95% CI 0.72-0.94) in symptomatic patients. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed an area under the curve of 0.834 (95% CI 0.739-0.930) for healthy individuals and 0.796 (95% CI 0.707-0.885) for symptomatic patients. CONCLUSIONS: These preliminary data suggest that UCF DNA integrity is a potentially good marker for early noninvasive diagnosis of bladder cancer. Its diagnostic performance does not seem to vary significantly, even in an “at risk”  population of symptomatic individuals.

 

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[938]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - States renewing attention to prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - NCSL Legisbrief. 2012 Sep;20(36):1-2.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Rossiter C

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - National Conference of State Legislatures (NCSL)--Denver, Colorado, USA.

 

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[939]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Topics in this issue: cancer testes antigens, immune checkpoints, inflammation associated with ischemia-reperfusion and integrin targeting.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Int Rev Immunol. 2012 Oct;31(5):299-301. doi: 10.3109/08830185.2012.723509.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 3109/08830185.2012.723509

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Bot A; Chiriva-Internati M

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - This issue of the International Reviews of Immunology is dedicated to several topics: cancer immunotherapy, and basic and translational aspects of immunity. Two reviews, one focused on breast and the other on lung cancer, highlight the need to redefine the cancer testes antigens (CTAs) as novel information regarding their expression profile and biological role emerges. Two other reviews showcase  pivotal molecules that keep in check immunity at two different levels: the transcription factor autoimmune regulator (AIRE) important to negative selection  of the T-cell repertoire, and CD22 that limits the antigen-initiated B-cell response. Two other articles focus on the debated role of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and inflammation in general, in ischemia-reperfusion lesions that follow cardiovascular disorders and stroke. Last but not the least, this issue hosts a review that discusses the role and translational potential of the alpha4 integrin for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

 

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[940]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Imaging case of the month: Metastatic prostate adenocarcinoma presenting as hearing loss and disequilibrium.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Otol Neurotol. 2012 Dec;33(9):e79-80. doi: 10.1097/MAO.0b013e3182713c4a.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1097/MAO.0b013e3182713c4a

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Alvo A; Miranda G; Delano PH

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Departamento de Otorrinolaringologia, Hospital Clinico de la Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.

 

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[941]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Incidence and risk of treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia in Japanese men: a 15-year longitudinal community-based study.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Int J Urol. 2013 Jan;20(1):100-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1442-2042.2012.03215.x. Epub 2012 Oct 29.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1111/j.1442-2042.2012.03215.x

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Fukuta F; Masumori N; Mori M; Tsukamoto T

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - OBJECTIVES: To determine the incidence of and the risk factors for treatment in Japanese men with benign prostatic hyperplasia/lower urinary tract symptoms enrolled into a longitudinal community-based study. METHODS: A total of 267 of 319 men aged 40-79 years were eligible for this study, with nearly 15 years of follow up. Their medical records were checked to look for any medical treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia/lower urinary tract symptoms. The risk of treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia/lower urinary tract symptoms was determined by calculating the hazard ratio using the Cox proportional hazards model. Five baseline parameters were considered: the International Prostate Symptom Score, the peak urinary flow rate, the prostate volume, the serum prostate-specific antigen and the internal prostatic architecture on transrectal  ultrasonography. RESULTS: Data were successfully collected for 171 men (64%; 121  survivors and 50 deceased). During approximately 1900 person-years of follow up,  the overall incidence of treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia/lower urinary tract symptoms was 15.4/1000 person-years. All five parameters were statistically significant predictors of future treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia/lower urinary tract symptoms: International Prostate Symptom Score greater than 7 (hazard ratio 6.2, P < 0.001), prostate volume greater than 30 mL (hazard ratio 4.3, P = 0.002), peak urinary flow rate less than 12 mL/s (hazard ratio 4.4, P <  0.001), prostate-specific antigen greater than 1.4 ng/mL (hazard ratio 4.0, P < 0.001) and internal prostatic architecture group 3 (hazard ratio 3.2, P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: Severity of lower urinary tract symptoms, decreased peak urinary flow rate, enlarged prostate volume, high prostate-specific antigen value and internal prostatic architecture at baseline are independent risk factors for treatment in Japanese men presenting with benign prostatic hyperplasia/lower urinary tract symptoms.

 

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[942]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - The role of trust in health decision making among African American men recruited  from urban barbershops.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Natl Med Assoc. 2012 Jul-Aug;104(7-8):351-9.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Hood KB; Hart A Jr; Belgrave FZ; Tademy RH; Jones RA

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Psychology, PO Box 842018, Richmond, VA 23284-2018, USA. hoodkb@vcu.edu

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - OBJECTIVE: To examine factors within the patient-provider relationship that influence which role African American men aged 40-70 years prefer when making health care decisions. METHODS: We recruited 40 African American men from barbershops in the Richmond, Virginia, metropolitan area to participate in semistructured interviews. At the completion of each interview, participants completed a brief self-administered demographic survey. The semistructured interviews were audiotaped and transcribed verbatim and then imported into a qualitative software program for organizing, sorting, and coding data. The principles of thematic analysis and template approach were used in this study. The survey data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. RESULTS: Trust was a  major theme that emerged from the semistructured interviews. The men listed trust in the health care provider as the primary reason for choosing a collaborative or active role in the decision-making process. Within the theme of trust, 4 subthemes emerged: expertise, information sharing, active listening, and relationship length. Thirty-five out of the 40 men interviewed preferred an active or collaborative role in the decision-making process; only 5 preferred passive decision making. CONCLUSIONS: Trust emerged as an important factor that influenced role preference for African American men when making health care decisions in the context of the patient-provider relationship. Future studies that help identify which other factors influence health care decision-making roles among African American men may have implications for addressing health disparities among this population and improve the quality of their health care.

 

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[943]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - PET imaging with a [(68)Ga]gallium-labelled PSMA ligand for the diagnosis of prostate cancer: biodistribution in humans and first evaluation of tumour lesions.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2013 Apr;40(4):486-95. doi: 10.1007/s00259-012-2298-2. Epub 2012 Nov 24.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s00259-012-2298-2

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Afshar-Oromieh A; Malcher A; Eder M; Eisenhut M; Linhart HG; Hadaschik BA; Holland-Letz T; Giesel FL; Kratochwil C; Haufe S; Haberkorn U; Zechmann CM

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany, a.afshar@gmx.de.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a cell surface protein with high expression in prostate carcinoma (PC) cells. Recently, procedures have been  developed to label PSMA ligands with Ga, Tc and I. Our initial experience with Glu-NH-CO-NH-Lys-(Ahx)-[Ga(HBED-CC)](Ga-PSMA) suggests that this novel tracer can detect PC relapses and metastases with high contrast. The aim of this study was to investigate its biodistribution in normal tissues and tumour lesions. METHODS: A total of 37 patients with PC and rising prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels  were subjected to Ga-PSMA positron emission tomography (PET)/CT. Quantitative assessment of tracer uptake was performed 1 and 3 h post-injection (p.i.) by analysis of mean and maximum standardized uptake values (SUV) of several organs and 65 tumour lesions. Subsequently, tumour to background ratios were calculated. RESULTS: The PET/CT images showed intense tracer uptake in both kidneys and salivary glands. Moderate uptake was seen in lacrimal glands, liver, spleen and in small and large bowel. Quantitative assessment revealed excellent contrast between tumour lesions and most normal tissues. Of 37 patients, 31 (83.8 %) showed at least one lesion suspicious for cancer at a detection rate of 60 % at PSA <2.2 ng/ml and 100 % at PSA >2.2 ng/ml. Median tumour to background ratios were 18.8 (2.4-158.3) in early images and 28.3 (2.9-224.0) in late images. CONCLUSION: The biodistribution of the novel Ga-PSMA tracer and its ability to detect PC lesions was analysed in 37 patients. Within healthy organs, kidneys and salivary glands demonstrated the highest radiotracer uptake. Lesions suspicious for PC presented with excellent contrast as early as 1 h p.i. with high detection rates even at low PSA levels.

 

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[944]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Weighing potential candidates for kidney transplant: the ethics of exclusion for  elevated body mass index.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Prog Transplant. 2012 Dec;22(4):369-73.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Macauley R

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA. robert.macauley@vtmednet.org

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - With more than 80 000 patients in the United States on waiting lists for a kidney-and more than 100 000 patients beginning treatment for end-stage renal disease each year-transplant programs must evaluate potential recipients in a fair and efficient manner. To this end, certain “absolute exclusion criteria” have been proposed to screen out candidates who will not sufficiently benefit from transplant. Some programs use elevated body mass index as such an exclusion  criterion, given that some studies have reported an association with increased risk of delayed graft function and acute rejection, longer hospitalization, and decreased overall graft survival. Upon further examination, however, elevated body mass index turns out to be a poor evaluative criterion for transplant candidates, as it is only variably associated with negative transplant outcomes.  Moreover, use of a body mass index cutoff is potentially discriminatory and may mask underlying prejudice against persons of size.

 

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[945]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Contemporary management of small renal masses: does practice environment matter?

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Can J Urol. 2012 Oct;19(5):6438-42.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Smith PH; Elliott VL; Raman JD

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Division of Urology, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - INTRODUCTION: Population based studies imply underutilization of renal preservation for managing small renal mass (SRMs). Limited information is available regarding the impact of practice environment on SRM treatment. We evaluated practice patterns for SRMs in the context of a urologist’s practice environment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Survey instrument querying practice type (private versus academic/academic affiliation) was distributed to urologists of the Mid-Atlantic section of the American Urological Association. Physicians were  presented three case scenarios (exophytic 2.5 cm SRM in a healthy 55-year-old, healthy 75-year-old, and comorbid 75-year-old patient) and were queried on management. RESULTS: Of the 281 respondents who manage kidney cancer, 92 practiced in an academic environment, and 189 were private practitioners. Thirty-four percent had completed residency training within 10 years, 25% between 11-20 years, and 41% over 20 years. For SRMs in a healthy 55-year-old, over 95% of practicing nephrologists advocated nephron-sparing treatments. Nonetheless, private practitioners were more likely to perform a radical nephrectomy (6% versus 0%, p = 0.03) and less likely perform a partial nephrectomy (79% versus 91%, p = 0.01) than academic counterparts. We observed an increase in the percentage of urologists offering thermal ablation (38% versus 12%, p < 0.0001) and observation (29% versus 1%, p < 0.0001) with a corresponding decline in the use of partial nephrectomy (32% versus 83%, p < 0.0001) in the 75-year-old versus 55-year-old patient. When considering management of a SRM in 75-year-old patients (healthy or comorbid), private practitioners were more likely to offer a thermal  ablative procedure when compared to academic urologists (41% versus 32%, p = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Over 95% of urologists espouse renal preservation strategies  for a SRM in a healthy, young patient. Private practitioners are more likely to perform a radical (and less likely a partial) nephrectomy in this cohort. While surveillance is increasingly utilized for SRMs in the elderly patient, private practitioners are more likely to recommend active treatment via thermal ablation  when compared to academic counterparts.

 

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[946]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Contrary regulation of bladder cancer cell proliferation and invasion by dexamethasone-mediated glucocorticoid receptor signals.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Mol Cancer Ther. 2012 Dec;11(12):2621-32. doi: 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-12-0621. Epub 2012 Oct 1.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1158/1535-7163.MCT-12-0621

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Zheng Y; Izumi K; Li Y; Ishiguro H; Miyamoto H

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical  Center, NY 14642, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - In patients with advanced bladder cancer, glucocorticoids are frequently given to reduce acute toxicity, particularly hyperemesis, during chemotherapy, as well as  to improve cachectic conditions. However, it remains unclear whether glucocorticoids directly affect the development and progression of bladder cancer through the glucocorticoid receptor pathway. Glucocorticoid receptor expression was first investigated in human bladder cancer lines and tissue microarrays. Then, the effects of dexamethasone on glucocorticoid receptor transcription, cell proliferation, apoptosis/cell cycle, and invasion were examined in bladder cancer lines. Finally, mouse xenograft models for bladder cancer were used to assess the efficacy of dexamethasone on tumor progression. All the cell lines and tissues examined were found to express glucocorticoid receptor. Dexamethasone increased glucocorticoid receptor-mediated reporter activity and cell proliferation, and inhibited apoptosis in the presence or absence of cisplatin. In contrast, dexamethasone suppressed cell invasion, the expression of its related genes [MMP-2/MMP-9, interleukin (IL)-6, VEGF], and the activity of MMP-2/MMP-9, and also induced mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition. In addition, dexamethasone increased IkappaBalpha protein levels and cytosolic accumulation of NF-kappaB. In xenograft-bearing mice, dexamethasone slightly augmented the growth of the inoculated tumors but completely prevented the development of bloody ascites, suggestive of peritoneal dissemination of tumor cells, and actual metastasis. In  all these assays, dexamethasone effects were abolished by a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist or glucocorticoid receptor knockdown via RNA interference. Thus, glucocorticoid receptor activation resulted in promotion of cell proliferation via inhibiting apoptosis yet repression of cell invasion and metastasis. These results may provide a basis of developing improved chemotherapy regimens, including or excluding glucocorticoid receptor agonists/antagonists, for urothelial carcinoma.

 

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[947]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Best options for prostate surgery. Traditional versus robot-assisted procedures.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Harv Health Lett. 2012 Sep;37(11):5.

 

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[948]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Technique, outcomes, and evolving role of extirpative laparoscopic and robotic surgery for renal cell carcinoma.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Surg Oncol Clin N Am. 2013 Jan;22(1):91-109, vi. doi: 10.1016/j.soc.2012.08.002.  Epub 2012 Sep 28.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.soc.2012.08.002

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Tanagho YS; Figenshau RS; Bhayani SB

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Division of Urologic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St Louis, MO 63110, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - This article provides an overview of extirpative laparoscopic and robotic procedures used in the management of renal cell carcinoma, including laparoscopic radical nephrectomy, laparoscopic partial nephrectomy, and robotic-assisted partial nephrectomy. The clinical indications and principles of surgical technique for each of these procedures are discussed. The oncologic, renal functional, and perioperative outcomes of these procedures are also assessed and  compared, as are complication rates.

 

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[949]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Diuretic 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging for detection and locoregional staging of urinary bladder cancer: prospective evaluation of a novel technique.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2013 Feb;40(3):386-93. doi: 10.1007/s00259-012-2294-6. Epub 2012 Nov 24.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s00259-012-2294-6

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Nayak B; Dogra PN; Naswa N; Kumar R

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India. brusabhanu@gmail.com

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) with (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) has been used with limited success in the past in  primary diagnosis and locoregional staging of urinary bladder cancer, mainly because of the pharmacokinetics of renal excretion of (18)F-FDG. In the present prospective study, we have evaluated the potential application of diuretic (18)F-FDG PET/CT in improving detection and locoregional staging of urinary bladder tumours. METHODS: Twenty-five patients suspected of having primary carcinoma of the urinary bladder were evaluated prospectively for diagnosis and staging. All of these 25 patients underwent conventional contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) of the abdomen/pelvis and whole-body diuretic (18)F-FDG PET/CT. In addition, pelvic PET/CT images were obtained using the special technique of forced diuresis using intravenous furosemide (20-40 mg). Of  the 25 patients, 10 underwent radical cystectomy and 15 underwent transurethral resection of the bladder tumour (TURBT). Results of CECT and diuretic (18)F-FDG PET/CT were compared considering histopathology as a reference standard. RESULTS: Of the 25 patients, CECT detected a primary tumour in 23 (sensitivity 92 %), while (18)F-FDG PET/CT was positive in 24 patients (sensitivity 96 %). Mean size  and maximum standardized uptake value of the bladder tumours were 3.33 cm (range  1.6-6.2) and 5.3 (range 1.3-11.7), respectively. Of the 25 patients, only 10 patients underwent radical cystectomy based on disease status on TURBT. Among those ten patients, nine had locoregional metastases. Among the nine patients who had positive lymph nodes for metastasis on histopathology, CECT and PET/CT scan had a sensitivity of 44 and 78 %, respectively. (18)F-FDG PET/CT was found to be  superior to CECT in the detection of the primary tumour and locoregional staging  (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Diuretic (18)F-FDG PET/CT is highly sensitive and specific and plays an important role in improving detection of the primary tumour and locoregional staging of urinary bladder tumours. Diuretic (18)F-FDG PET/CT demonstrated a higher diagnostic value when compared with CECT in these patients.

 

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[950]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Defining the Role of Renal Transplantation in the Modern Management of Multiple Myeloma and Other Plasma Cell Dyscrasias.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Nephron Clin Pract. 2012 Oct 5;120(4):c228-c235.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1159/000341760

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Bansal T; Garg A; Snowden JA; McKane W

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Sheffield Kidney Institute, Sheffield, UK.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Plasma cell dyscrasias (PCD) are due to an abnormal proliferation of a single clone of plasma or lymphoplasmacytic cells leading to secretion of immunoglobulin (Ig) or an Ig fragment, causing the dysfunction of multiple organs. Median survival of these patients has significantly improved over the last decade due to availability of treatment options such as high-dose melphalan with autologous stem cell transplantation and novel anti-myeloma agents. Renal transplantation has not traditionally been considered in these patients due to the previously limited prognosis, along with concerns relating to disease recurrence affecting the renal allograft and increased infection susceptibility following renal transplant due to immunosuppression and the PCD itself. However, with the increasing range of effective treatment options, renal transplantation could now  be considered, especially in young patients with good performance status. It is therefore timely to reappraise the potential role of renal transplantation in end-stage renal disease due to multiple myeloma and other PCD. This review summarizes the literature relating to renal transplantation in PCD, including multiple myeloma, monoclonal Ig deposition disease and systemic AL amyloidosis, to attempt to identify patients who may benefit most from this approach and to explore areas for further development.

 

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[951]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Kruppel-like factor 8 is a novel androgen receptor co-activator in human prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2013 Feb;34(2):282-8. doi: 10.1038/aps.2012.130. Epub 2012 Oct 1.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1038/aps.2012.130

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - He HJ; Gu XF; Xu WH; Yang DJ; Wang XM; Su Y

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, China.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - AIM: Kruppel-like factor 8 (KLF8) plays important roles in cell cycle and oncogenic transformation. On other hand, androgen receptor (AR) is crucial in development of both androgen-dependent and independent prostatic malignancies. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of KLF8 in prostate cancer (PCa) and the relationship between KLF8 and AR. METHODS: Eight human PCa cell lines, including androgen-dependent LNCap cells and androgen-independent 22Rv1 cells, as well as human PCa samples were studied. LNCap cells and 22Rv1 cells were transfected with plasmids encoding full-length wild-type KLF8 or KLF8 shRNA. The  expression of KLF8 protein was detected using Western blotting or immunohistochemical staining. Cell proliferation in vitro was measured with MTT assay, and in vivo in a xenograft nude mouse model. Yeast two-hybrid screening, co-immunoprecipitation and pull down assays were used to examine the binding of KLF8 to AR. Luciferase reporter gene assay was used to measure the transcriptional activity of the genes targeted by AR. RESULTS: In 133 human PCa samples, KLF8 protein staining was observed in 92.65% (63/68) of high-grade PCa,  66.15% (43/65) of low-grade PCa, and 6.82% (3/44) of adjacent normal tissues. The expression of KLF8 was significantly associated with poorer overall survival. Overexpression of KLF8 enhanced the proliferation of both LNCap and 22Rv1 cells,  while knockdown of endogenous KLF8 suppressed the proliferation. These manipulations exerted similar effects on the tumor volumes in the xenograft nude  mouse model. Yeast two-hybrid screening revealed that KLF8 was a novel AR-interacting protein. With pull down assay and co-immunoprecipitation assay, we demonstrated that KLF8 bound directly to AR, and KLF8 enhanced AR target gene transcription. CONCLUSION: The results demonstrate that KLF8 is a novel AR transcriptional co-activator that is overexpressed in PCa and may play a role in  progression of hormone-refractory PCa.

 

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[952]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Should you skip your PSA test? The science is uncertain for now, so arm yourself  with deep knowledge of the pros and cons of prostate cancer screening.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Harv Mens Health Watch. 2012 Oct;17(3):1, 7.

 

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[953]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Safety and feasibility of outpatient percutaneous native kidney biopsy in the developing world: experience in a large tertiary care centre in Eastern India.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Nephrology (Carlton). 2013 Jan;18(1):36-40. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1797.2012.01663.x.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1111/j.1440-1797.2012.01663.x

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Golay V; Sarkar D; Thomas P; Trivedi M; Singh A; Roychowdhary A; Dasgupta S; Pandey R

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Nephrology, Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India. drvgolay@gmail.com

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - AIM: Optimal time of observation following percutaneous biopsy has not been clearly established. Outpatient biopsy protocol was established in our centre for low risk patients and we assessed its efficacy and safety. METHODS: Patients fulfilling the low risk profile underwent a real time ultrasound-guided percutaneous native kidney biopsy. They were observed for 6 h and any complication was recorded. Ultrasound and hematocrit was done only in those patients with complications. Patients were contacted on telephone after 24 h and  in case of any emergency. RESULTS: A total of 403 native kidney biopsies were performed from June 2011 to June 2012 of which 115 (28.5%) were on an outpatient  basis. This was a 41.4% increase in the number of biopsies compared to the same period in the previous year. Fifteen patients (13.04%) had macroscopic haematuria within 2, 4 and 6 h in eight (53.33%), six (40%) and one (6.67%) patient, respectively. One of them had haematuria on follow-up phone call resolving without intervention. Only two (1.74%) patients developed significant bleeding with a drop in haematocrit needing overnight observation, with one requiring blood transfusion (with perinephric haematoma not requiring intervention). Complication rates were also similar in the 288 patients who had at least an overnight inpatient observation post-biopsy. There was no biopsy related mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Percutaneous native kidney biopsies can be safely performed on an outpatient basis in selected low risk patients. This approach increases the number of procedures, decreases the waiting periods and can have potential cost savings making it an attractive option in the developing world.

 

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[954]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Ask the doctor. I use a lot of canola oil in cooking, because it’s heart-healthy. My husband has prostate cancer, and I just heard that canola oil might make it worse. Is that really true and should I stop using it for cooking?

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Harv Health Lett. 2012 Sep;37(11):2.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Komaroff AL

 

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[955]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Unilateral uterine segmentary aplasia, papillary endometrial hyperplasia and ipsilateral renal agenesis in a cat.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Feline Med Surg. 2013 Apr;15(4):349-52. doi: 10.1177/1098612X12467786. Epub 2012 Nov 21.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1177/1098612X12467786

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Carvallo FR; Wartluft AN; Melivilu RM

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - 1Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - A 1-year-old, female, previously spayed domestic shorthair cat presented with abnormal behavior characterized by rubbing up against objects, vocalization and abnormal body posture. A diagnostic laparoscopy was performed and a dilated segment of the left uterus and ovary was found in association with ipsilateral renal agenesis. Papillary hyperplasia of the endometrium of the dilated segment was found on histopathology. The occurrence and findings of this condition are reviewed.

 

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[956]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Renal Metastasis From Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma: the Pathologist’s Approach to an  Uncommon Finding: Case Report and Review of the Literature.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol. 2012 Oct 10.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1097/PAI.0b013e31827101b1

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Scatena C; Comin CE; Lapini A; Raspollini MR

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - *Department of Critical Care Medicine and Surgery, Division of Pathological Anatomy, University of Florence Divisions of daggerUrology double daggerHistolopathology and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Careggi, Florence, Italy.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - We herein report an uncommon case of renal metastasis from the lung in a 72-year-old man who 2 years before underwent surgical treatment for a pulmonary adenocarcinoma. During follow-up, a computed tomography scan revealed the presence of a solid mass located in the right kidney. Histopathologic and immunohistochemical examination of the enucleated lesion demonstrated the renal localization of an adenocarcinoma of the lung. Clinically recognized renal metastatic lesions from pulmonary cancer are a rare finding with only 35 cases reported to date in the English literature, and renal localization of adenocarcinoma of the lung is extraordinarily uncommon. Together with suggestive  clinical data and negativity for markers of adenocarcinomas of different origin,  thyroid transcription factor-1, when positive, is considered to be the most reliable marker for the differential diagnosis.

 

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[957]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Congenital arteriovenous fistula of the horseshoe kidney with multiple hemangiomas.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Srp Arh Celok Lek. 2012 Jul-Aug;140(7-8):508-10.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Lazic M; Hadzi-Djokic J; Basic D; Acimovic M

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Clinical Hospital Center “Dr. Dragisa Misovic”, Belgrade,  Serbia.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - INTRODUCTION: Congenital renal arteriovenous fistulas (AVF) are rare, especially  if they are associated with other developmental renal anomalies. CASE OUTLINE: A  34-year-old female was hospitalized due to total painless hematuria and bladder tamponade. Excretory urography revealed a horseshoe kidney with normal morphology of pyelocaliceal system and ureters. Aortography and selective renovasography detected a cluster-like vascular formation with multiple arteriovenous fistulas (AVF). Due to a large AVF gauge and poor flow of the efferent vein to the inferior vena cava, a surgical procedure of two renal artery segmentary branches  ligation and division was performed. During the operative procedure, the presence of multiple superficial renal hemangiomas was detected. CONCLUSION: Although selective arterial embolization represents the preferable treatment option, conventional surgery remains favorable alternative in selected cases with large and complex AVF.

 

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[958]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Expression of Parafibromin in Clear Cell Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol. 2012 Oct 10.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1097/PAI.0b013e31827362c9

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Cui C; Ziober A; Bing Z

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma (CCPRCC) is a low-grade renal cell neoplasm. In this study, we investigated the expression of parafibromin, CK7, and RCC marker (RCC-Ma) in this tumor by immunohistochemistry in a group of CCPRCC. Twenty cases of CCPRCC were stained for parafibromin and showed diffuse and strong nuclear positivity for this marker. In addition the cases of CCPRCC were stained for CK7 and RCC-Ma, respectively, and the majority of tumors were positive for cytoplasmic staining of CK7 and negative for RCC-Ma. This unique staining pattern can be useful in the differential diagnosis from conventional clear cell renal cell carcinomas, which have a higher positivity rate for RCC-Ma, but largely negative for CK7 and parafibromin, and papillary renal cell carcinomas, which are usually positive for CK7 and RCC-Ma but are largely negative for parafibromin.

 

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[959]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Determinants of outcomes after resection of renal cell carcinoma with venous involvement.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Int Urol Nephrol. 2012 Dec;44(6):1671-9. doi: 10.1007/s11255-012-0314-x. Epub 2012 Oct 20.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s11255-012-0314-x

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Sidana A; Goyal J; Aggarwal P; Verma P; Rodriguez R

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Division of Urology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: To determine the outcomes and to identify prognostic variables determining mortality and recurrence after surgery for renal cell cancer (RCC) with venous involvement. METHODS: Retrospective evaluation of the medical records of 132 patients with RCC and tumor thrombi treated at Johns Hopkins Hospital (1997-2008) was done. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to determine survivals. Uni- and multivariate Cox proportional analysis was done to identify predictors for recurrence, all-cause mortality (ACM) and cancer-specific mortality (CSM). RESULTS: Mean follow-up was 30.3 (0.03-159.5) months. Sixty-four (48.5%) patients had renal vein thrombus (Group 1), 55 (41.7%) had subdiaphragmatic inferior vena  cava (IVC) tumor thrombus (Group 2), while 13 (9.8%) had involvement of IVC above diaphragm or atrial extension (Group 3). IVC thrombus was more common from the right-sided tumors. Patients with higher thrombus levels had more blood loss and  complicated and longer hospital stay. Thrombus level was not found to be a predictor of recurrence, ACM and CSM. One- and three-year recurrence-free survivals for non-metastatic patients were 69 and 53%. Tumor size (p=0.015), grade (p=0.007) and venous wall invasion (p=0.027) were predictors for recurrence. Five-year overall survival was 48, 35 and 13% for 3 groups, respectively. Presence of distant metastasis (p=0.032), size (p=0.002), histology (p=0.020) and grade (p=0.013) were predictors of ACM. Five-year cancer-specific survival was 65, 43 and 36 for 3 groups, respectively. Tumor size (p=0.001) and distant metastasis at presentation (p=0.025) were the predictors of CSM. CONCLUSIONS: Tumor thrombus level does not predict recurrence or mortality in RCC with venous involvement. Survival is determined by inherent aggressiveness of the cancer manifested by tumor size, grade and distant metastasis at presentation.

 

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[960]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Assessment of renal function after conformal radiotherapy and intensity-modulated radiotherapy by functional 1H-MRI and 23Na-MRI.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Strahlenther Onkol. 2012 Dec;188(12):1146-54. doi: 10.1007/s00066-012-0254-5. Epub 2012 Nov 1.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s00066-012-0254-5

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Haneder S; Michaely HJ; Schoenberg SO; Konstandin S; Schad LR; Siebenlist K; Wertz H; Wenz F; Lohr F; Boda-Heggemann J

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Institute of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany. Stefan.Haneder@umm.de

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: Adjuvant radiochemotherapy (RCHT) improves survival of patients with locally advanced gastric cancer. Conventional three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) results in ablative doses to a significant amount of the left kidney, while image-guided intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IG-IMRT) provides excellent target coverage with improved kidney sparing. Few long-term results on IMRT for gastric cancer, however, have been published. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) at 3.0 T including blood oxygenation-level dependent (BOLD) imaging, diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and, for the first time, (23)Na imaging was used to evaluate renal status after radiotherapy with 3D-CRT or IG-IMRT. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Four disease-free patients (2 after 3D-CRT and 2 after IMRT; FU for all patients > 5 years) were included in this feasibility study. Morphological sequences, axial DWI images, 2D-gradient echo (GRE)-BOLD images, and (23)Na images were acquired. Mean values/standard deviations for ((23)Na), the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), and R2* values were calculated for the upper/middle/lower parts of both kidneys. Corticomedullary (23)Na-concentration gradients were determined. RESULTS: Surprisingly, IG-IMRT patients showed no morphological alterations and no statistically significant differences of ADC and R2* values in all renal parts. Values for mean corticomedullary (23)Na-concentration matched those for healthy volunteers. Results were similar in 3D-CRT patients, except for the cranial part  of the left kidney. This was atrophic and presented significantly reduced functional parameters (p = 0.001-p = 0.033). Reduced ADC values indicated reduced cell density and reduced extracellular space. Cortical and medullary R2* values of the left cranial kidney in the 3D-CRT group were higher, indicating more deoxygenated hemoglobin due to reduced blood flow/oxygenation. ((23)Na) of the renal cranial parts in the 3D-CRT group was significantly reduced, while the expected corticomedullary (23)Na-concentration gradient was partially conserved.  CONCLUSIONS: Functional MRI can assess postradiotherapeutic renal changes. As expected, marked morphological/functional effects were observed in high-dose areas (3D-CRT), while, unexpectedly, no alteration in kidney function was observed in IG-IMRT patients, supporting the hypothesis that reducing total/fractional dose to the renal parenchyma by IMRT is clinically beneficial.

 

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[961]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Regression of human prostate cancer xenografts in mice by AMG 212/BAY2010112, a novel PSMA/CD3-Bispecific BiTE antibody cross-reactive with non-human primate antigens.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Mol Cancer Ther. 2012 Dec;11(12):2664-73. doi: 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-12-0042. Epub 2012 Oct 5.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1158/1535-7163.MCT-12-0042

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Friedrich M; Raum T; Lutterbuese R; Voelkel M; Deegen P; Rau D; Kischel R; Hoffmann P; Brandl C; Schuhmacher J; Mueller P; Finnern R; Fuergut M; Zopf D; Slootstra JW; Baeuerle PA; Rattel B; Kufer P

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Baeuerle, Amgen Research GmbH, Munich, Germany.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - For treatment of patients with prostate cancer (PCa), we developed a novel T cell-engaging (BiTE) antibody designated AMG 212 or BAY2010112 that is bispecific for prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) and the CD3 epsilon subunit of the  T cell receptor complex. AMG 212/BAY2010112 induced target cell-dependent activation and cytokine release of T cells, and efficiently redirected T cells for lysis of target cells. In addition to Chinese hamster ovary cells stably expressing human or cynomolgus monkey PSMA, T cells redirected by AMG 212/BAY2010112 also lysed human PCa cell lines VCaP, 22Rv1, MDA PCa 2b, C4-2, PC-3-huPSMA, and LnCaP at half maximal BiTE concentrations between 0.1 and 4 ng/mL (1.8-72 pmol/L). No lysis of PSMA-negative human PCa cell lines PC-3 and DU145 was observed. The subcutaneous (s.c.) formation of tumors from PC-3-huPSMA  cells in NOD/SCID mice was significantly prevented by once daily intravenous (i.v.) injection of AMG 212/BAY2010112 at a dose level as low as 0.005 mg/kg/d. Rapid tumor shrinkage with complete remissions were observed in NOD/SCID mice bearing established s.c. 22Rv1 xenografts after repeated daily treatment with AMG 212/BAY2010112 by either the i.v. or s.c. route. Of note, 22Rv1 tumors were grown in the absence of human T cells followed by intraperitoneal injection of T cells  3 days before BiTE treatment. No effects on tumor growth were observed in the absence of human T cells or AMG 212/BAY2010112. On the basis of these preclinical results, AMG 212/BAY2010112 appears as a promising new BiTE antibody for the treatment of patients with PSMA-expressing PCa.

 

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[962]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Mitochondria-Related Gene Expression Changes Are Associated With Fatigue in Patients With Nonmetastatic Prostate Cancer Receiving External Beam Radiation Therapy.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Cancer Nurs. 2012 Oct 5.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1097/NCC.0b013e318263f514

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Hsiao CP; Wang D; Kaushal A; Saligan L

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Author Affiliations: National Institute of Nursing Research (Drs Hsiao, Wang, and Saligan) and National Cancer Institute (Dr Kaushal), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND:: Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is associated with negative health outcomes and decreased health-related quality of life; however, few longitudinal  studies have investigated molecular-genetic mechanisms of CRF. OBJECTIVE:: The objective of this study was to describe relationships between mitochondria-related gene expression changes and self-reported fatigue in prostate cancer patients receiving external beam radiation therapy (EBRT). METHODS:: A prospective, exploratory, and repeated-measures design was used. Self-report questionnaires and peripheral whole-blood samples were collected from 15 patients at 7 time points. Baseline data were compared against 15 healthy controls. The Human Mitochondria RT Profiler PCR Array was used to identify differential regulation of genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and function. RESULTS:: Compared with baseline, there were significant increases in fatigue scores (P = .02-.04) and changes in mitochondria-related gene expression  (P = .001-.05) over time. Mean fatigue scores were 1.66 (SD, 1.66) at baseline, 3.06 (SD, 1.95) at EBRT midpoint, 2.98 (SD, 2.20) at EBRT completion, and 2.64 (SD, 2.56) at 30 days after EBRT. Over time, 11 genes related to mitochondrial function and structure were differentially expressed. Of these 11 genes, 3 (BCL2L1, FIS1, SLC25A37) were more than 2.5 fold up-regulated, and 8 (AIFM2, BCL2, IMMP2L, MIPEP, MSTO1, NEFL, SLC25A23, SLC25A4) were greater than 2-fold down-regulated. Furthermore, 8 genes (AIFM2, BCL2, FIS1, IMMP2L, MSTO1, SLC25A23, SLC25A37, SLC25A4) were significantly associated with the changes in fatigue scores. CONCLUSION:: This study provides preliminary evidence that 8 mitochondrial function genes were significantly associated with fatigue in prostate cancer patients during EBRT. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE:: These findings  identify possible pathways and early biomarkers for targeting novel interventions for CRF.

 

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[963]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Is liver biopsy safe in patients with chronic renal disease?

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Indian J Gastroenterol. 2012 Sep 28.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s12664-012-0256-3

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Chiramel GK; Keshava SN; Tamilarasi N; John GT

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Radiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, 632 004, Tamil Nadu, India, gkchiramel@gmail.com.

 

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[964]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Transcription of the Tumor Suppressor Genes p53 and RB in Lymphocytes from Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: Evidence of Molecular Senescence?

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Int J Nephrol. 2012;2012:154397. doi: 10.1155/2012/154397. Epub 2012 Sep 23.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1155/2012/154397

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Kordinas V; Nicolaou C; Tsirpanlis G; Ioannidis A; Bersimis S; Sabanis N; Fragou E; Tsiolaki K; Chatzipanagiotou S

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Medical Biopathology and Clinical Microbiology, Aeginition Hospital, Medical School, University of Athens, 115 28 Athens, Greece.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Patients suffering from renal failure exhibit an impaired immune system function. We wanted to investigate the transcription of the tumor suppressor genes p53 and  RB to record, if these cells could be stimulated in vitro in order to divide, after the addition of antigenic and inflammatory factors. This expression was measured by real-time PCR in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from three different groups: ten healthy individuals, ten patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), and ten dialysis patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD). The transcription rate of these genes was also measured after the cultivation of PBMCs under four different conditions: just with the culture medium, with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), with C-reactive protein (CRP), and with lipoxin A(4) (LXA(4))-LPS. Our results show that in most cases after the cultivation with additives, the transcription levels were higher in dialysis patients compared to  those of the other two groups. Our findings serve as indications of cellular senescence on a molecular level, while it seems that these cells are less easily  stimulated in vitro in order to duplicate.

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[965]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Primary adenocarcinoma of the urinary bladder: a single site analysis of 21 cases.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Int Urol Nephrol. 2013 Feb;45(1):107-11. doi: 10.1007/s11255-012-0305-y. Epub 2012 Oct 6.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s11255-012-0305-y

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Zhang H; Jiang H; Wu Z; Fang Z; Fan J; Ding Q

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 12, WuLuMuQi Middle Road, Shanghai, China.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: To investigate whether there is a difference between urachal and non-urachal adenocarcinomas in terms of patient survival and to determine the significant prognostic factors. METHODS: Thirty-four patients with histologically proven adenocarcinoma of the urinary bladder were treated at Huashan hospital between 1999 and 2010. 13 cases were excluded, including 12 patients with metastatic involvement from gastrointestinal or reproductive tracts and one without follow-up data after the initial consultation. Life tables, Kaplan-Meier, Cox regression analysis and log-rank test were used. RESULTS: The difference between patients with urachal adenocarcinoma and patients with non-urachal adenocarcinoma was not statistically significant using the Kaplan-Meier estimates (P = 0.0763). Clinical stage had a significant influence on survival (P = 0.0320, Fig. 2). Patients with surgical resection including partial and radical cystectomy did not have a better prognosis (P = 0.7992, Fig. 3). However, the difference is statistically significant between patients who received partial cystectomy and patients who received radical cystectomy (P = 0.0123, Fig. 4). CONCLUSION: Survival of Patients with adenocarcinoma is correlated with clinical  stage. Patients with urachal adenocarcinoma and non-urachal adenocarcinoma may have similar survival outcome. Tumor stage was a highly significant predictor of  outcome (P = 0.0320). Surgical resection seems to be more important than chemotherapy in the cases of adenocarcinoma of the urinary bladder. We are in favor of radical cystectomy for all patients.

 

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[966]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Comparison between two treatment planning systems for volumetric modulated arc therapy optimization for prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Phys Med. 2012 Oct 30. pii: S1120-1797(12)00189-5. doi: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2012.10.003.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.ejmp.2012.10.003

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Lafond C; Gassa F; Odin C; Drean G; Even J; De Crevoisier R; Pommier P; Manens JP; Biston MC

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Radiation Oncology Department, Centre Eugene Marquis, Rennes, France; Universite  de Rennes 1, LTSI, France; INSERM, U1099, France. Electronic address: c.lafond@rennes.unicancer.fr.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: To investigate the performances of two commercial treatment planning systems (TPS) for Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT) optimization regarding  prostate cancer. The TPS were compared in terms of dose distributions, treatment  delivery parameters and quality control results. MATERIALS AND METHODS: For ten patients, two VMAT plans were generated: one with Monaco TPS (Elekta) and one with Pinnacle TPS (Philips Medical Systems). The total prescribed dose was 78 Gy  delivered in one 360 degrees arc with a Synergy® linear accelerator equipped with a MLCi2®. RESULTS: VMAT with Monaco provided better homogeneity and conformity indexes but lower mean dose to PTVs than Pinnacle. For the bladder wall (p = 0.019), the femoral heads (p = 0.017), and healthy tissues (p = 0.005), significantly lower mean doses were found using Monaco. For the rectal wall, VMAT with Pinnacle provided a significantly (p = 0.047) lower mean dose, and lower dose into 50% of the volume (p = 0.047) compared to Monaco. Despite a greater number of monitor units (factor 1.5) for Monaco TPS, the total treatment time was equivalent to that of Pinnacle. The treatment delivery parameter analysis showed  larger mean MLC area for Pinnacle and lower mean dose rate compared to Monaco. The quality control results gave a high passing rate (>97.4%) for the gamma index for both TPS but Monaco provided slightly better results. CONCLUSION: For prostate cancer patients, VMAT treatment plans obtained with Monaco and Pinnacle  offered clinically acceptable dose distributions. Further investigations are in progress to confirm the performances of the two TPS for irradiating more complex  volumes.

 

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[967]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Intratubular trophoblasts in the contralateral testis caused elevation of serum human chorionic gonadotropin following complete remission of stage II testicular  tumor: a case report.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Jpn J Clin Oncol. 2013 Jan;43(1):83-6. doi: 10.1093/jjco/hys178. Epub 2012 Nov 6.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1093/jjco/hys178

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Nitta S; Kawai K; Onozawa M; Ando S; Miyazaki J; Nagata C; Noguchi M; Yamasaki K; Uchida K; Iwamoto T; Nishiyama H

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - School of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki, Japan.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - We report the case of a 22-year-old male who had a history of metastatic right testicular tumor successfully treated with chemotherapy and surgery. Twenty-one months after the initial treatment, the serum human chorionic gonadotropin started to increase gradually, but whole body imaging including the left testis revealed no abnormal finding except testicular microlithiasis. A biopsy of the left testis revealed intratubular germ cell neoplasia, unclassified type. After the human chorionic gonadotropin level reached 6.6 mIU/ml, he underwent left high orchiectomy. Histology demonstrated a small malignant germ cell tumor as well as  intratubular germ cell neoplasia, unclassified type, both of which were negative  for human chorionic gonadotropin staining. Besides these lesions, there were tiny foci of human chorionic gonadotropin-immunoreactive intratubular trophoblasts. Serum human chorionic gonadotropin normalized immediately after the orchiectomy,  and he had no sign of recurrence at 6 months. The present case will provide new insight into the diagnosis of testicular tumor recurrence with isolated elevation of a serum tumor marker.

 

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[968]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with gemcitabine/cisplatin vs. methotrexate/vinblastine/doxorubicin/cisplatin for muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma of the bladder: A retrospective analysis from the University of Southern California.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Urol Oncol. 2012 Nov 7. pii: S1078-1439(12)00247-5. doi: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2012.07.005.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.urolonc.2012.07.005

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Fairey AS; Daneshmand S; Quinn D; Dorff T; Dorin R; Lieskovsky G; Schuckman A; Cai J; Miranda G; Skinner EC

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - USC Institute of Urology, Keck Medical Center of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-9178, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - OBJECTIVES: We evaluated pathologic and survival outcomes of GC (gemcitabine/cisplatin) and methotrexate/vinblastine/doxorubicin/cisplatin (M-VAC) neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data on 116 patients who received NAC (GC: n = 58; M-VAC: n = 58) before radical cystectomy and superextended pelvic lymph node dissection for clinical stage T2-4N0M0 bladder cancer was performed. The outcomes were complete  response rate (CRR; pT0N0), partial response rate (PRR; pT0N0, pTaN0, pT1N0, or pTisN0), overall mortality (OM), and recurrence. The Kaplan-Meier method and multivariable Cox regression analysis were used to analyze OM. The cumulative incidence method and Fine and Gray’s competing risk regression analysis were used to analyze recurrence. RESULTS: The median follow-up duration was 2.1 years for the GC group and 7.4 years for the M-VAC group (P < 0.001). There were no statistically significant differences between the GC and M-VAC groups with regard to CRR (27.3% vs. 17.1%, P = 0.419) or PRR (45.5% vs. 37.1%, P = 0.498). The predicted 5-year freedom from OM rate (P = 0.634) and cumulative incidence of recurrence rate (P = 0.891) did not differ between the GC and M-VAC groups. Multivariable analysis showed that there was no independent association between type of NAC and OM (P = 0.721) or recurrence (P = 0.065). CONCLUSIONS: Pathologic and survival outcomes did not differ in patients who received GC and M-VAC NAC. These data support the use of the GC regimen in the neoadjuvant setting.

 

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[969]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Angioblastic T-cell lymphoma of the gall bladder.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - ANZ J Surg. 2012 Oct;82(10):752-3. doi: 10.1111/j.1445-2197.2012.06217.x.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1111/j.1445-2197.2012.06217.x

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Farah SS; Morris P; Dubrava Z; Du Guesclin A; Naqash N

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Southern Health, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.

 

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[970]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - An intrapelvic extraintestinal gastrointestinal stromal tumor of undetermined origin: diagnosis by prostate needle biopsy.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Pathol Res Pract. 2012 Dec 15;208(12):736-40. doi: 10.1016/j.prp.2012.09.003. Epub 2012 Oct 9.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.prp.2012.09.003

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Takahashi RH; Matsubayashi J; Yokotsuka M; Tachibana M; Kusama H; Nagao T

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan. takaharh@tokyo-med.ac.jp

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - We herein report a case of intrapelvic gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) of undetermined origin in a 48-year-old male who presented with dysuria. An enlarged tumor was detected on digital rectal examination. Imaging studies showed a solid  and lobular homogenous tumor of 7.0 cm in diameter. The tumor was attached to the right dorsal aspect of the prostate with compression of the seminal vesicles and  rectum. It was considered that the tumor had arisen from the prostate, although the patient’s serum prostate-specific antigen level was low (0.436 ng/mL). The histological diagnosis by prostate needle biopsy was a spindle cell tumor. At cystoprostatectomy, the tumor was confirmed to be separated from the prostate by  a fibrous band, and showed spindle cells with a fascicular growth pattern, but without necrotic areas. Mitotic figures were noted in 12 of 50 high-power fields. The tumor cells were immunoreactive for the KIT protein (CD117), CD34, Discovered on GIST-1 (DOG-1), and vimentin. In contrast, they were negative for desmin, alpha-smooth muscle actin, pancytokeratin (AE1/AE3), and S100 protein. The Ki-67  labeling index was 5%. The genetic analyses targeting the c-kit gene revealed a point mutation at codon 559 (GTT-->GAT). The diagnosis of GIST was confirmed on the basis of the morphological features, immunoprofile, and results of the molecular analyses. Since extraintestinal GIST can resemble a prostatic tumor clinically, KIT (CD117) and DOG-1 should be considered for inclusion in the immunohistochemical panel for spindle cell tumors obtained by prostate needle biopsy.

 

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[971]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Antitumor activity of a duocarmycin analogue rationalized to be metabolically activated by cytochrome P450 1A1 in human transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Mol Cancer Ther. 2013 Jan;12(1):27-37. doi: 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-12-0405. Epub 2012 Oct 1.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1158/1535-7163.MCT-12-0405

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Sutherland M; Gill JH; Loadman PM; Laye JP; Sheldrake HM; Illingworth NA; Alandas MN; Cooper PA; Searcey M; Pors K; Shnyder SD; Patterson LH

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - We identify cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) as a target for tumor-selective drug development in bladder cancer and describe the characterization of ICT2700, designed to be metabolized from a prodrug to a potent cytotoxin selectively by CYP1A1. Elevated CYP1A1 expression was shown in human bladder cancer relative to  normal human tissues. RT112 bladder cancer cells, endogenously expressing CYP1A1, were selectively chemosensitive to ICT2700, whereas EJ138 bladder cells that do not express CYP1A1 were significantly less responsive. Introduction of CYP1A1 into EJ138 cells resulted in 75-fold increased chemosensitivity to ICT2700 relative to wild-type EJ138. Negligible chemosensitivity was observed in ICT2700  in EJ138 cells expressing CYP1A2 or with exposure of EJ138 cells to CYP1B1- or CYP3A4-generated metabolites of ICT2700. Chemosensitivity to ICT2700 was also negated in EJ138-CYP1A1 cells by the CYP1 inhibitor alpha-naphthoflavone. Furthermore, ICT2700 did not induce expression of the AhR-regulated CYP1 family,  indicating that constitutive CYP1A1 expression is sufficient for activation of ICT2700. Consistent with the selective activity by CYP1A1 was a time and concentration-dependent increase in gamma-H2AX protein expression, indicative of  DNA damage, associated with the activation of ICT2700 in RT112 but not EJ138 cells. In mice-bearing CYP1A1-positive and negative isogenic tumors, ICT2700 administration resulted in an antitumor response only in the CYP1A1-expressing tumor model. This antitumor response was associated with detection of the CYP1A1-activated metabolite in tumors but not in the liver. Our findings support  the further development of ICT2700 as a tumor-selective treatment for human bladder cancers.

 

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[972]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Upregulation of tissue and urinary nicotinamide N-methyltransferase in bladder cancer: potential for the development of a urine-based diagnostic test.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Cell Biochem Biophys. 2013 Apr;65(3):473-83. doi: 10.1007/s12013-012-9451-1.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s12013-012-9451-1

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Sartini D; Muzzonigro G; Milanese G; Pozzi V; Vici A; Morganti S; Rossi V; Mazzucchelli R; Montironi R; Emanuelli M

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Section of Biochemistry, Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University  of Marche, Via Ranieri 65, 60131, Ancona, Italy.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Carcinoma of the bladder is one of the most common urologic malignancies occurring worldwide. Diagnosis and monitoring of bladder urothelial carcinoma (UC) are based on cystoscopy and urinary cytology. However, these diagnostic methods still have some limitations, mainly related to invasive nature and lack of sensitivity. New reliable and non-invasive biomarkers for bladder cancer detection are therefore required. To explore the involvement of enzymes of drug metabolism in bladder cancer, in the present study, we analyzed the gene expression profiles of tumor and normal looking tissues obtained from the same patient by cDNA macroarray. The enzyme nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) was identified as a highly expressed gene in bladder cancer. RT-PCR, Real-Time PCR, Western blot analysis, and catalytic activity assay, performed on a large cohort of patients with bladder UC, confirmed NNMT upregulation. NNMT mRNA and protein levels were also determined in urine specimens obtained from patients with bladder UC and healthy subjects. We found that NNMT expression levels were significantly higher in patients with bladder tumor compared to controls that showed very low or undetectable amounts of NNMT transcript and protein. Our results indicate that a marked NNMT increase is a peculiar feature of bladder UC  and suggest the potential suitability of urine NNMT expression levels determination for early and non-invasive diagnosis of bladder cancer.

 

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[973]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Serum levels of chromogranin A are not predictive of high-grade, poorly differentiated prostate cancer: Results from an Italian biopsy cohort.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Urol Oncol. 2012 Nov 12. pii: S1078-1439(12)00254-2. doi: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2012.07.012.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.urolonc.2012.07.012

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - De Nunzio C; Albisinni S; Presicce F; Lombardo R; Cancrini F; Tubaro A

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Ospedale Sant’Andrea, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy. Electronic address: cosimodenunzio@virgilio.it.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - OBJECTIVES: To explore the association of chromogranin A (CgA) levels and the risk of poorly differentiated prostate cancer (CaP) in men undergoing prostate biopsy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between 2006 and 2012, we prospectively enrolled 1,018 men with no history of CaP undergoing prostate biopsy. The risk of detecting poorly differentiated CaP as a function of CgA concentration was evaluated using crude and adjusted logistic regressions. Further analyses were performed to determine whether CgA was a significant predictor of high-grade CaP  in men with low PSA (<10 ng/ml). RESULTS: We found a significantly higher level of CgA in men with poorly differentiated CaP. CgA was however co-linear with age, and serum CgA levels were not significantly associated with the overall risk of CaP, and the specific risk of poorly differentiated CaP (OR 1.001 95% CI 0.99-1.01, P = 0.74). Moreover, in men with low PSA levels (<10 ng/ml), CgA was not a significant predictor of high grade-disease on univariate (OR 1.00; 95% CI  0.99-1.01; P = 0.66) and multivariate analysis (P = 0.85). CONCLUSIONS: In our cohort of patients, the serum level of CgA is not a significant predictor of poorly differentiated CaP on initial prostate biopsy, even in men with low PSA levels (<10 ng/ml). According to our experience, CgA should not be considered a reliable marker to predict poorly differentiate cancer in the setting of initial  prostate biopsy.

 

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[974]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Diabetes mellitus is associated with short prostate-specific antigen doubling time after radical prostatectomy.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Int Urol Nephrol. 2013 Feb;45(1):121-7. doi: 10.1007/s11255-012-0306-x. Epub 2012 Sep 29.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s11255-012-0306-x

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Oh JJ; Hong SK; Lee S; Sohn SJ; Lee SE

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether diabetes mellitus (DM) was associated with postoperative outcomes, including prostate-specific antigen doubling time, among  men who underwent radical prostatectomy (RP) for clinically localized prostate cancer (PCa). METHODS: Data of 661 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy for node-negative prostate cancer and were followed up for >/=3 years postoperatively at our institution were analyzed. Associations between diabetes mellitus at surgery and outcomes following radical prostatectomy, such as biochemical recurrence-free survival and prostate-specific antigen doubling time, were examined. Aggressive recurrence was defined as biochemical recurrence with prostate-specific antigen doubling time <9 months. RESULTS: Of the 661 total subjects, DM (n = 67, 10.1 %) and non-DM group (n = 594, 89.9 %) showed no significant differences in various clinicopathologic parameters including age and PSA. DM group had lower postoperative biochemical recurrence-free survival than non-DM group, with observed difference approaching statistical significance (log-rank, p = 0.077). On multivariate analysis, DM at surgery was significantly  associated with aggressive recurrence following RP (p = 0.048). Pathologic Gleason score (p = 0.008) and seminal vesicle invasion (p = 0.010) were also significantly associated with aggressive recurrence on multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION: Our results show that pre-existing DM in men with PCa is associated with more aggressive recurrence, suggesting that DM may affect disease progression following RP. Further investigation would be needed to elucidate exact biologic interaction between DM and PCa and also assess causal relationships that potentially could be modified to improve long-term outcome in  patients with the two diseases.

 

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[975]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Contrast-enhanced ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation of renal tumors.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Ultrasound Q. 2012 Dec;28(4):269-74. doi: 10.1097/RUQ.0b013e318274de66.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1097/RUQ.0b013e318274de66

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Lackey L 2nd; Peterson C; Barr RG

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Radiofrequency ablation of renal masses is an increasing utilized technique for treatment of malignant renal neoplasia. Image guidance is needed for radiofrequency ablation needle placement, as well as evaluation of the size of the ablation burn and determination if any residual tumor is present. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound is unique in its ability to provide image guidance for this procedure. In addition to improved visualization of the mass for needle  placement, the contrast can be injected multiple times during the procedure to evaluate the size of the ablation burn and the presence of residual tumor, if any. This article describes how to use contrast-enhanced ultrasound to perform radiofrequency ablation of renal masses. Pictorial cases are used to demonstrate  the robustness of this technique.

 

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[976]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Study of molecule variations in renal tumor based on confocal micro-Raman spectroscopy.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Biomed Opt. 2013 Mar;18(3):31103. doi: 10.1117/1.JBO.18.3.031103.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1117/1.JBO.18.3.031103

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Zhuang Z; Li N; Guo Z; Zhu M; Xiong K; Chen S

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - South China Normal University, College of Biophotonics, MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, Guangzhou 510631, Guangdong, China. ann@scnu.edu.cn

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Confocal micro-Raman spectroscopy—a valuable analytical tool in biological and medical field of research-allows probing molecular vibrations of samples without  external labels or extensive preparation. We employ confocal micro-Raman spectroscopy to characterize renal tumors and normal tissue. Results show that Raman peaks of the renal tumor at 788 and 1087 cm-1, which belong to (nu)(s)PO(2)- and (nu)(as)PO(2)- stretching, respectively, have an obvious increase. At the same time, the ratio of I855/I831 in renal tumor tissue is 1.39  +/- 0.08, while that in normal renal tissue is 2.44 +/- 0.05 (p < 0.01). This means that more tyrosine conformation transform from “buried” to “exposed” in the presence of cancer. Principal component analysis is used to classify the Raman spectra of renal tumor tissue and normal tissue.

 

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[977]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Expression of splice variants of cancer-testis genes ODF3 and ODF4 in the testis  of a prostate cancer patient.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Genet Mol Res. 2012 Oct 4;11(4):3642-8. doi: 10.4238/2012.October.4.11.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 4238/2012.October.4.11

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Ghafouri-Fard S; Ghafouri-Fard S; Modarressi MH

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. ghafourifard@razi.tums.ac.ir

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - The outer dense fiber (ODF) genes encode proteins that co-assemble along the axoneme of the sperm tail. Recently, it was demonstrated that some ODF genes are  aberrantly expressed in tumors, including prostate adenocarcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, and chronic myeloid lymphoma. We cloned ODF3 and ODF4 cDNA from the testis of a patient suffering from prostate adenocarcinoma and found two alternative splice variants of these genes.

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[978]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Paratesticular cystadenomas with ovarian stroma, metaplastic serous mullerian epithelium, and male adnexal tumor of probable wolffian origin: A series of 5 hitherto poorly recognized testicular tumors.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Ann Diagn Pathol. 2013 Apr;17(2):151-8. doi: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2012.09.002. Epub 2012 Sep 26.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.anndiagpath.2012.09.002

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Michal M; Kazakov DV; Kacerovska D; Kuroda N; Lovric E; Wachter DL; Agaimy A; Hes O

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Pathology, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Czech Republic. Electronic address: michal@medima.cz.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - We present 5 paratesticular tumors, which manifested ovarian-type stroma and various serous mullerian epithelial structures including serous fallopian-like epithelium and proliferations closely mimicking cystic serous borderline tumors of the ovary. In addition, 3 of the tumors in our series revealed a solid epithelial component, which was morphologically and immunohistochemically similar to so called “female adnexal tumor of probable wolffian origin,” which is a rare  neoplasm described so far only in the female genital tract, retroperitoneum, and  the pelvic cavity. In analogy with mixed epithelial and stromal tumors of the kidney, which are renal neoplasms producing ovarian-type stroma, we suggest to designate the above paratesticular tumors containing ovarian-type stroma as “mixed epithelial and stromal tumors of the paratestis with features of cystic serous borderline tumor” (cases 1 and 2) and “mixed epithelial and stromal tumors of the paratestis with male adnexal tumor of probable wolffian origin” (cases 3-5).

 

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[979]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Effect of metabolic syndrome on pathologic features of prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Urol Oncol. 2012 Sep 25. pii: S1078-1439(11)00472-8. doi: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2011.12.012.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.urolonc.2011.12.012

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Kheterpal E; Sammon JD; Diaz M; Bhandari A; Trinh QD; Pokala N; Sharma P; Menon M; Agarwal PK

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Henry Ford Hospital, Vattikuti Urology Institute, Hillsdale, NJ 07642, USA. Electronic address: ekheterpal80@gmail.com.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - OBJECTIVE: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome has been increasing worldwide, however its association with prostate cancer (CaP) is unclear. We reviewed patients undergoing robot assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) to evaluate if those with metabolic syndrome had more aggressive disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective database of patients undergoing RARP between January 2005 and December 2008 (n = 2756) was queried for components of metabolic syndrome (BMI >/=30 and >/=2 of the following: hypertension, diabetes or elevated blood glucose, and dyslipidemia; n = 357). Patients with no components of metabolic syndrome were used as controls (n = 694). Biopsy and final pathology were compared between the 2 groups using all controls, and using best-matched controls (n = 357) based on greedy matching by propensity score. RESULTS: Compared with unmatched controls, metabolic syndrome patients had higher pathology Gleason grade (>/=7: 78% vs. 64%, P < 0.001) and higher pathologic stage (>/=T3 disease:  43% vs. 31%, P < 0.001). After controlling for confounders, those with metabolic  syndrome when compared with best-matched controls had maintained the greater pathology Gleason grade (>/=7: 78% vs. 64%, P < 0.001) and pathologic stage (>/=T3 disease: 43% vs. 32%, P < 0.001). They also had significantly greater pathologic upgrading of Gleason grade 6 adenocarcinoma found on biopsy compared with best-matched controls (63% vs. 45%, P < 0.001). On pathology, a 2-fold increase in Gleason 8 and greater was noted between patients with metabolic syndrome and best-matched controls (15% vs. 8%). CONCLUSIONS: After controlling for confounders, patients with metabolic syndrome were found to have higher Gleason grade and tumor stage on final pathology and were more likely to have upgrading.

 

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[980]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Spectrum of nontumoral renal pathologies in tumor nephrectomies: nontumoral renal parenchyma changes.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Ann Diagn Pathol. 2013 Apr;17(2):176-82. doi: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2012.10.003.  Epub 2012 Nov 9.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.anndiagpath.2012.10.003

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Sarsik B; Simsir A; Yilmaz M; Yorukoglu K; Sen S

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey. Electronic address: banu.sarsik@ege.edu.tr.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Non-neoplastic changes are not rarely seen in renal parenchyma of nephrectomy specimens removed for primary renal neoplasms. These changes often involve both kidneys, thus causing impairment of renal function, reducing patient’s quality of life and sometimes threatening it. Renal tissue accompanying the tumor provides an opportunity in order to evaluate these changes. However, the clinician should  make available clinical and laboratory findings involving renal functions of the  patient to the pathologist. It is also important that the pathologist must have appropriate knowledge and experience in nephropathology. In this study, we aimed  to correlate these changes with the clinical data and make inquiries regarding our experience with nonneoplastic kidney pathology. Consecutive 403 nephrectomy specimens with primary renal neoplasms submitted to our department between 2003 and 2009 were re-examined. Twenty-three nephrectomy materials from 21 patients had non-neoplastic changes, 2 of which were bilateral. Patient follow-up data were obtained from electronic medical records. Of all cases, eight had diabetic nephropathy; 2, amyloidosis; 5, segmental proliferative and/or sclerotic glomerulonephritis; and 6, cystic renal changes. These findings were seen in 5% of nephrectomy specimens diagnosed as clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC), chromophobe cell RCC and oncocytoma, whereas this rate was two times higher in nephrectomy specimens with papillary RCC. Most patients with renal failure who were diagnosed with clear cell carcinoma died within the first two years. Despite limited number of cases in our series, prognosis of cases with clear cell RCC were poorer. Consequently, we think that non-neoplastic changes should be reported along with the details regarding the tumor in order to achieve best treatment planning.

 

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[981]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Tumor-suppressive microRNA-135a inhibits cancer cell proliferation by targeting the c-MYC oncogene in renal cell carcinoma.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Cancer Sci. 2013 Mar;104(3):304-12. doi: 10.1111/cas.12072. Epub 2012 Dec 29.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1111/cas.12072

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Yamada Y; Hidaka H; Seki N; Yoshino H; Yamasaki T; Itesako T; Nakagawa M; Enokida H

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima  University, Kagoshima, Japan.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Recently, many studies have suggested that microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in cancer cell development, invasion, and metastasis of various types of human cancers. In a previous study, miRNA expression signatures from renal cell carcinoma (RCC) revealed that expression of microRNA-135a (miR-135a) was significantly reduced in cancerous tissues. The aim of this study was to investigate the functional significance of miR-135a and to identify miR-135a-mediated molecular pathways in RCC cells. Restoration of mature miR-135a significantly inhibited cancer cell proliferation and induced G /G arrest in the  RCC cell lines caki2 and A498, suggesting that miR-135a functioned as a potential tumor suppressor. We then examined miR-135a-mediated molecular pathways using genome-wide gene expression analysis and in silico analysis. A total of 570 downregulated genes were identified in miR-135a transfected RCC cell lines. To investigate the biological significance of potential miR-135a-mediated pathways,  we classified putative miR-135a-regulated genes according to the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomics pathway database. From our in silico analysis, 25 pathways, including the cell cycle, pathways in cancer, DNA replication, and focal adhesion, were significantly regulated by miR-135a in RCC cells. Moreover,  based on the results of this analysis, we investigated whether miR-135a targeted  the c-MYC gene in RCC. Gain-of-function and luciferase reporter assays showed that c-MYC was directly regulated by miR-135a in RCC cells. Furthermore, c-MYC expression was significantly upregulated in RCC clinical specimens. Our data suggest that elucidation of tumor-suppressive miR-135a-mediated molecular pathways could reveal potential therapeutic targets in RCC.

 

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[982]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - First synthesis of (+)-myrrhanol C, an anti-prostate cancer lead.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Org Biomol Chem. 2013 Jan 28;11(4):559-62. doi: 10.1039/c2ob26947c. Epub 2012 Nov 12.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1039/c2ob26947c

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Domingo V; Lorenzo L; Quilez del Moral JF; Barrero AF

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Campus de Fuente Nueva, s/n, 18071 Granada, España. vdomingo@ugr.es

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - The first synthesis of (+)-myrrhanol C (1), an antitumor polypodane-type bicyclic triterpene with inhibitory activity against androgen insensitive prostate cancers, is reported herein (IC(50) 10 mumolar). A key step in our convergent synthesis of (+)-myrrhanol C and related analogues is the employment of a microbial stereo- and regioselective late stage C-H oxidation. A low-waste and sustainable process has been developed to prepare (+)-myrrhanol C for further biological studies.

 

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[983]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Optimal prostate biopsy regimen.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Curr Urol Rep. 2012 Dec;13(6):455-9. doi: 10.1007/s11934-012-0285-6.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s11934-012-0285-6

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Berglund RK; Jones JS

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Cleveland Clinic, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA. berglur@ccf.org

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - The prostate-specific antigen (PSA) era has increased the rates of prostate cancer detection and treatment, while reducing the risk of death from prostate cancer in the US. Image-guided prostate biopsy techniques have led to stage migration and the detection and treatment of lower risk prostate cancers. Improved techniques with laterally directed biopsy, office-based saturation biopsy, and transperineal biopsy under anesthesia have increased the detection rates of smaller volume tumors. Improved detection of ever-smaller tumors assists the clinician in determining what treatment is most appropriate for the patient,  including the use of active surveillance and focal therapy. Furthermore, the detection of small volume, high grade cancers may widen the latency interval in which a clinically significant tumor may be detectable and curable.

 

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[984]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Dynamic sentinel lymph node biopsy as the new paradigm for the management of penile cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Urol Oncol. 2012 Nov 13. pii: S1078-1439(11)00071-8. doi: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2011.02.013.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.urolonc.2011.02.013

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Yeung LL; Brandes SB

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Division of Urology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - OBJECTIVES: The management of patients with penile cancer who have high-risk features for micrometastasis with clinically negative inguinal lymph nodes is controversial. We describe the history of the sentinel lymph node biopsy and how  it has evolved to become a useful adjunct in the management of penile caner. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using a PubMed search, we identified the evidence relating to the management of the inguinal lymph nodes in penile cancer between 1977 and 2010. RESULTS: The concept of the sentinel lymph node (SLN) was first described in 1977 for penile carcinoma where lymphangiograms were performed via the dorsal  lymphatics of the penis to locate the primary lymphatic drainage zone of the penis situated near the saphenofemoral junction. Then, in 1992, the lymphatic mapping concept was further advanced by performing intradermal injections of blue dye to directly visualize the lymphatic channels and SLN in the treatment of melanoma. In 1994, investigators from The Netherlands pioneered the use of dynamic sentinel lymph node biopsies (DSLNB) for penile cancer by combining the use of peri-lesional blue dye injection, lymphoscintigraphy, and other future modifications of the technique to achieve low false negative biopsy rates (4.8%)  as well as much lower morbidity (5.7%), compared with the 30%-50% morbidity associated with a full inguinal node dissection. CONCLUSION: DSLNB significantly  decreases the morbidity associated with performing a standard or even modified inguinal lymph node dissection in patients with clinically negative inguinal lymph nodes. Performing DSLNB requires a multidisciplinary team of urologists, nuclear medicine radiologists, and pathologists working in cohesion to attain the best SLN detection rates with the lowest possible false-negative rates.

 

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[985]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - A peptidic unconjugated GRP78/BiP ligand modulates the unfolded protein response  and induces prostate cancer cell death.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - PLoS One. 2012;7(10):e45690. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045690. Epub 2012 Oct 1.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1371/journal.pone.0045690

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Maddalo D; Neeb A; Jehle K; Schmitz K; Muhle-Goll C; Shatkina L; Walther TV; Bruchmann A; Gopal SM; Wenzel W; Ulrich AS; Cato AC

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - The molecular chaperone GRP78/BiP is a key regulator of protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum, and it plays a pivotal role in cancer cell survival and chemoresistance. Inhibition of its function has therefore been an important strategy for inhibiting tumor cell growth in cancer therapy. Previous efforts to  achieve this goal have used peptides that bind to GRP78/BiP conjugated to pro-drugs or cell-death-inducing sequences. Here, we describe a peptide that induces prostate tumor cell death without the need of any conjugating sequences.  This peptide is a sequence derived from the cochaperone Bag-1. We have shown that this sequence interacts with and inhibits the refolding activity of GRP78/BiP. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that it modulates the unfolded protein response in ER stress resulting in PARP and caspase-4 cleavage. Prostate cancer cells stably expressing this peptide showed reduced growth and increased apoptosis in in vivo xenograft tumor models. Amino acid substitutions that destroyed binding of the Bag-1 peptide to GRP78/BiP or downregulation of the expression of GRP78 compromised the inhibitory effect of this peptide. This sequence therefore represents a candidate lead peptide for anti-tumor therapy.

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[986]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Toxicity and outcome of pelvic IMRT for node-positive prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Strahlenther Onkol. 2012 Nov;188(11):982-9. doi: 10.1007/s00066-012-0169-1. Epub  2012 Oct 11.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s00066-012-0169-1

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Muller AC; Lutjens J; Alber M; Eckert F; Bamberg M; Schilling D; Belka C; Ganswindt U

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Radiooncology, Eberhard Karls University, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076, Tubingen, Germany. arndt-christian.mueller@med.uni-tuebingen.de

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: This study reports on the treatment techniques, toxicity, and outcome of pelvic intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for lymph node-positive prostate cancer (LNPPC, T1-4, c/pN1 cM0). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Pelvic IMRT to 45-50.4 Gy was applied in 39 cases either after previous surgery of involved lymph nodes (n = 18) or with a radiation boost to suspicious nodes (n = 21) with doses of 60-70 Gy, usually combined with androgen deprivation (n = 37). The prostate and seminal vesicles received 70-74 Gy. In cases of previous prostatectomy, prostatic fossa and remnants of seminal vesicles were given 66-70  Gy. Treatment-related acute and late toxicity was graded according to the RTOG criteria. RESULTS: Acute radiation-related toxicity higher than grade 2 occurred  in 2 patients (with the need for urinary catheter/subileus related to adhesions after surgery). Late toxicity was mild (grade 1-2) after a median follow-up of 70 months. Over 50% of the patients reported no late morbidity (grade 0). PSA control and cancer-specific survival reached 67% and 97% at over 5 years. CONCLUSION: Pelvic IMRT after the removal of affected nodes or with a radiation boost to clinically positive nodes led to an acceptable late toxicity (no grade ¾ events), thus justifying further evaluation of this approach in a larger cohort.

 

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[987]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Laparoscopic prostatectomy for prostate cancer: continued role in urology.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Surg Oncol Clin N Am. 2013 Jan;22(1):125-41, vii. doi: 10.1016/j.soc.2012.08.001. Epub 2012 Oct 3.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.soc.2012.08.001

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Sandhu GS; Nepple KG; Tanagho YS; Andriole GL

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Division of Urologic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8242, 4960 Children’s Place, St Louis, MO 63110, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - The purpose of this article is to provide an update on the current literature evaluating outcomes with laparoscopic prostatectomy. The reported perioperative,  oncologic, and functional outcomes with this approach are reviewed and comparisons are made to the open and robotic-assisted approaches.

 

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[988]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - The experimental renal cell carcinoma model in the chick embryo.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Angiogenesis. 2013 Jan;16(1):181-94. doi: 10.1007/s10456-012-9311-z. Epub 2012 Oct 18.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s10456-012-9311-z

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Fergelot P; Bernhard JC; Soulet F; Kilarski WW; Leon C; Courtois N; Deminiere C; Herbert JM; Antczak P; Falciani F; Rioux-Leclercq N; Patard JJ; Ferriere JM; Ravaud A; Hagedorn M; Bikfalvi A

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - INSERM U, Talence, France.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - The clear cell subtype of renal carcinoma (CCRCC) is highly vascularized and despite a slow progression rate, it is potentially a highly aggressive tumor. Although a doubling of median progression-free survival in CCRCC patients treated by targeted therapies has been observed, the fact that tumors escape after anti-VEGF treatment suggests alternative pathways. The chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) is a well-established model, which allows in vivo studies of tumor angiogenesis and the testing of anti-angiogenic molecules. However, only a few data exist on CCRCC grafted onto CAM. We aimed to validate herein the CAM as a suitable model for studying the development of CCRCC and the interactions with the surrounding stroma. Our study uses both CCRCC cell lines and fresh tumor samples after surgical resection. We demonstrate that in both cases CCRCC can be  grafted onto the CAM, to survive and to induce an angiogenic process. We further  provide insights into the transcriptional regulation of the model by performing a differential analysis of tumor-derived and stroma-derived transcripts.

 

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[989]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Bladder conservation for muscle-invasive bladder cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Expert Rev Anticancer Ther. 2012 Aug;12(8):1015-20. doi: 10.1586/era.12.79.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1586/era.12.79

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Hoskin P; Dubash S

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, Rickmansworth Road, Northwood, Middlesex, HA6 2RN, UK. peterhoskin@nhs.net

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - In the UK alone, approximately 10,000 patients are diagnosed with bladder cancer  each year. Of these, muscle-invasive bladder cancer stage T2 or T3 accounts for 10-15%, with the remainder being non-muscle-invasive tumors, dealt with by local  intravesical treatment. This group of patients are often older, the median age at presentation being 65-70 years and since this is a smoking-associated cancer there are often significant comorbidities. Transitional cell carcinoma is the most common histological type and comprises >90% of bladder cancers. Other cell types include squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, small-cell carcinoma, sarcoma, carcinosarcoma, lymphoma and melanoma. In bladder cancer, the most important prognostic factors are stage and grade. Cystectomy, radiotherapy and chemotherapy all have a role in the management of bladder cancer. In many centers across the world, the standard management of muscle-invasive bladder cancer, stage T2 and T3, is radical cystectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy. There is now increasing evidence that modern nonsurgical approaches using chemoradiation achieve results at least as good as those with surgery and enable bladder preservation in the majority of patients. Optimal chemoradiation schedules and the role of radiosensitizers remain important areas of research to optimize the bladder-preserving approach. Ultimately, a prospective randomized trial is needed to compare modern state-of-the-art surgery with chemoradiation to provide high-level evidence on which informed patient choices can be made.

 

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[990]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - A large calcified cystic mass in the right kidney.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Clin Exp Nephrol. 2012 Dec;16(6):979-80. doi: 10.1007/s10157-012-0698-z. Epub 2012 Oct 12.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s10157-012-0698-z

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Bae EH; Kim MJ; Kim SW

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, 42 Jebongro, Gwangju 501-757, Korea.

 

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[991]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - A Collaborative Biomedical Image Mining Framework: Application on the Image Analysis of Microscopic Kidney Biopsies.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - IEEE Trans Inf Technol Biomed. 2012 Oct 12.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1109/TITB.2012.2224666

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Maglogiannis I; Goudas T; Doukas C; Chatziioannou A

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - The analysis and characterization of biomedical image data is a complex procedure involving several processing phases, like data acquisition, preprocessing, segmentation, feature extraction and classification. The proper combination and parameterization of the utilized methods are heavily relying on the given image data set and experiment type. They may thus necessitate advanced image processing and classification knowledge and skills from the side of the biomedical expert. In this work, an application, exploiting web services and applying ontological modeling, is presented, to enable the intelligent creation of image mining workflows. The described tool can be directly integrated to the Rapid-Miner, Taverna or similar workflow management platforms. A case study dealing with the creation of a sample workflow for the analysis of kidney biopsy microscopy images is presented to demonstrate the functionality of the proposed framework.

 

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[992]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - A Bayesian normal mixture accelerated failure time spatial model and its application to prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Stat Methods Med Res. 2012 Nov 1.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1177/0962280212466189

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Wang S; Zhang J; Lawson AB

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - 1Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - In the United States, prostate cancer is the third most common cause of death from cancer in males of all ages, and the most common cause of death from cancer  in males over age 75. It has been recognized that the incidence of the prostate cancer is high in African Americans, and its occurrence and progression may be impacted by geographical factors. In order to investigate the spatial effects and racial disparities for prostate cancer in Louisiana, in this article we propose a normal mixture accelerated failure time spatial model, which does not require the proportional hazards assumption and allows the multi-model distribution to be modeled. The proposed model is estimated with a Bayesian approach and it can be easily implemented in WinBUGS. Extensive simulations show that the proposed model provides decent flexibility for a variety of parametric error distributions. The  proposed method is applied to 2000-2007 Louisiana prostate cancer data set from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program. The results reveal the possible spatial pattern and racial disparities for prostate cancer in Louisiana.

 

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[993]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - The role of lymph vessel density and lymphangiogenesis in metastatic tumor spread of nonseminomatous testicular germ cell tumors.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Urol Oncol. 2012 Nov 7. pii: S1078-1439(12)00260-8. doi: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2012.08.004.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.urolonc.2012.08.004

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Heinzelbecker J; Gropp T; Weiss C; Huettl K; Stroebel P; Haecker A; Bolenz C; Trojan L

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany. Electronic address: julia.heinzelbecker@umm.de.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the role of lymph vessel density (LVD) and lymphangiogenesis in nonseminomatous testicular germ cell tumors (NSGCT) using the specific lymphatic endothelial cell (LEC) marker LYVE-1. MATERIALS AND METHODS: NSGCT specimens of 77 patients (32 with and 45 without metastases) were  stained immunohistochemically using a LYVE-1 antibody. LVD was measured in different representative areas by the standardized “hot spot” method. Fluorescence double stainings for LYVE-1 and Ki-67 were performed. The median follow-up period was 46 (range 3-170) months. RESULTS: The mean peritumoral (2.16 +/- 2.17) and nontumoral LVD (3.17 +/- 3.24) were significantly higher than intratumoral LVD (0.16 +/- 0.73) (both: P = < 0.001). In 5 patients proliferating LECs were observed. The peritumoral LVD was 2.66 (+/-2.31) and 1.80 (+/-2.02) in  metastatic and nonmetastatic NSGCT, respectively. A higher peritumoral LVD was associated with the presence of metastases at the time of diagnosis (P = 0.087).  The mean peritumoral LVD in tumors with and without lymphovascular invasion (LVI) was 3.33 (+/-2.20) and 1.62 (+/-1.95), respectively (P < 0.001). The presence of  LVI detected by LYVE-1 (LVI-LYVE-1) was independently associated with metastatic  disease (logistic regression; P = 0.045). CONCLUSIONS: The presence of a high peritumoral LVD and LVI-LYVE-1 are both associated with metastatic disease in NSGCT. LVI-LYVE-1 was independently associated with the presence of metastases at the time of diagnosis. Proliferating LECs are present, suggesting that lymphangiogenesis may promote metastatic dissemination of tumor cells in NSGCT.

 

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[994]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Understanding and targeting osteoclastic activity in prostate cancer bone metastases.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Curr Mol Med. 2012 Oct 8.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Sottnik JL; Keller ET

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, RM 5308 CCGC, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-8940, USA. etkeller@umich.edu.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Bone metastasis is a debilitating side effect of advanced prostatic carcinoma impacting nearly all of the men developing this disease. Even though a majority of these lesions are considered osteoblastic, it is believed that there is an underlying osteolytic component. Lytic processes are governed primarily by osteoclasts, the primary bone resorptive cell. Osteolysis has been implicated in  tumor cell seeding and nourishment of tumor growth via development of pro-tumorigenic changes in the microenvironment. Herein, we provide a current view of the processes involved in regulating osteolysis in the presence of prostate cancer bone metastases. Several factors have been implicated in the division, differentiation, and activation of osteoclasts, including, but not limited to, interleukin-6, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG), and parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP).  Effector molecules in bone resorption play a significant role, such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), cathepsins, and acid secretion. The primary method for treating skeletal events associated with prostate cancer bone metastases has been bisphosphonates. However, a new therapeutic, denosumab, a monoclonal antibody that inhibits RANKL in a mechanism similar to that attributed to the endogenous mediator OPG, has received approval for treatment of skeletally associated metastases. Additional novel targets are continuously being developed for bone metastases. In this review, we describe the processes involved in osteolysis of the prostate cancer bone microenvironment, and introduce therapeutics that may play a role in inhibiting tumor growth leading to increased survival and quality  of life.

 

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[995]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Combinatorial cytotoxic effects of Curcuma longa and Zingiber officinale on the PC-3M prostate cancer cell line.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol. 2012;23(4):139-46. doi: 10.1515/jbcpp-2012-0021.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1515/jbcpp-2012-0021

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Kurapati KR; Samikkannu T; Kadiyala DB; Zainulabedin SM; Gandhi N; Sathaye SS; Indap MA; Boukli N; Rodriguez JW; Nair MP

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Immunology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Many plant-derived products exhibit potent chemopreventive activity against animal tumor models as well as rodent and human cancer cell lines. They have low side effects and toxicity and presumably modulate the factors that are critical for cell proliferation, differentiation, senescence and apoptosis. The present study investigates the effects of some medicinal plant extracts from generally recognized as safe plants that may be useful in the prevention and treatment of cancer. METHODS: Clonogenic assays using logarithmically-growing cells were performed to test the effect. The cytotoxic effects of Curcuma longa and Zingiber officinale were studied using sulforhodamine B assay, tetrazolium dye assay, colony morphology and microscopic analysis. RESULTS: Out of the 13 lyophilized plant-derived extracts evaluated for growth-inhibitory effects on the PC-3M prostate cancer cell line, two extracts derived from C. longa and Z. officinale showed significant inhibitory effects on colony-forming ability. The individual and augmentative effects of these two extracts were tested for their narrow range effective lower concentration on PC-3M in clonogenic assays. At relatively lower concentrations, C. longa showed significant inhibition of colony formation in clonogenic assays; whereas at same concentrations Z. officinale showed only moderate inhibitory effects. However, when both the agents were tested together at the same concentrations, the combined effects were much more significant than their individual ones. On normal prostate epithelial cells both  C. longa and Z. officinale had similar effects but at a lower magnitude. These observations were confirmed by several cytotoxicity assays involving the morphological appearance of the colonies, microscopic observations, per cent inhibition in comparison to control by sulforhodamine B and tetrazolium dye assay. CONCLUSIONS: From these observations, it was concluded that the combined effects of C. longa and Z. officinale are much greater than their individual effects, suggesting the role of multiple components and their synergistic mode of actions to elicit stronger beneficial effects.

 

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[996]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Prognostic factors in Chinese patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer treated with docetaxel-based chemotherapy.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Asian J Androl. 2013 Jan;15(1):110-5. doi: 10.1038/aja.2012.110. Epub 2012 Nov 12.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1038/aja.2012.110

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Qu YY; Dai B; Kong YY; Ye DW; Yao XD; Zhang SL; Zhang HL; Ma CG; Yang WY

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032,  China.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - This study aims to evaluate the potential value of patient characteristics in predicting overall survival (OS) in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) treated with docetaxel-based thermotherapy. A total of 115 patients with mCRPC undergoing a docetaxel q3w regimen were enrolled in this  study. A survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the prognostic value of all covariates for OS. OS was also analysed after stratifying patients according to the results of multivariate analysis. The median OS for the entire cohort was 17.0 months. The multivariate analysis showed that the prostate-specific antigen  doubling time (PSADT), baseline haemoglobin (Hb) concentration, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) concentration, cycles of chemotherapy and time to castration resistance were independent prognostic factors of OS. According to the presence of PSADT <46.3 days and baseline ALP >/= 110 IU l(-1), all patients were divided  into three risk groups: low-risk group (no risk factors), intermediate-risk group (one risk factor) and high-risk group (two risk factors). Median OSs for patients in low-, intermediate- and high-risk groups were 28.0 months (95% CI: 23.8-32.2), 21.0 months (95% CI: 18.9-23.1) and 11.0 months (95% CI: 7.6-14.4), respectively  (P<0.001). In conclusion, PSADT, baseline Hb concentration, ALP concentration, cycles of chemotherapy and time to castration resistance were independent prognostic factors of OS in Chinese patients with mCRPC treated with docetaxel. PSADT combined with the baseline ALP concentration could be a useful risk stratification parameter for evaluating survival outcomes.

 

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[997]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - The erythropoietin/erythropoietin receptor signaling pathway promotes growth and  invasion abilities in human renal carcinoma cells.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - PLoS One. 2012;7(9):e45122. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045122. Epub 2012 Sep 18.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1371/journal.pone.0045122

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Wu P; Zhang N; Wang X; Zhang C; Li T; Ning X; Gong K

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Institute of Urology, Peking University, National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing, People’s Republic  of China.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Co-expression of erythropoietin (Epo) and erythropoietin receptor (EpoR) has been found in various non-hematopoietic cancers including hereditary and sporadic renal cell carcinomas (RCC), but the Epo/EpoR autocrine and paracrine mechanisms  in tumor progression have not yet been identified. In this study, we used RNA interference method to down-regulate EpoR to investigate the function of Epo/EpoR pathway in human RCC cells. Epo and EpoR co-expressed in primary renal cancer cells and 6 human RCC cell lines. EpoR signaling was constitutionally phosphorylated in primary renal cancer cells, 786-0 and Caki-1 cells, and recombinant human Epo (rhEpo) stimulation had no significant effects on further phosphorylation of EpoR pathway, proliferation, and invasiveness of the cells. Down-regulation of EpoR expression in 786-0 cells by lentivirus-introduced siRNA  resulted in inhibition of growth and invasiveness in vitro and in vivo, and promotion of cell apoptosis. In addition, rhEpo stimulation slightly antagonized  the anti-tumor effect of Sunitinib on 786-0 cells. Sunitinib could induce more apoptotic cells in 786-0 cells with knockdown EpoR expression. Our results suggested that Epo/EpoR pathway was involved in cell growth, invasion, survival,  and sensitivity to the multi-kinases inhibitor Sunitinib in RCC cells.

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[998]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - alpha1D/A-adrenoceptor antagonist naftopidil for the male lower urinary tract symptoms associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia: Efficacy of dose increase  therapy.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Int J Urol. 2012 Oct 19. doi: 10.1111/j.1442-2042.2012.03188.x.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1111/j.1442-2042.2012.03188.x

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Yamaguchi S; Osanai H; Numata A; Watanabe M; Kakizaki H

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Hokkaido Social Welfare Association Furano Hospital, Furano, Hokkaido, Japan.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - OBJECTIVES: To examine the efficacy of dose increase therapy in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia who responded poorly to 50 mg/day of naftopidil. METHODS: A total of 95 patients received 50 mg/day of naftopidil for 8 weeks. After this treatment period, they were divided into two groups: the poor responders were defined as those who either had an International Prostate Symptom Score-Quality of Life >/=4 or with an International Prostate Symptom Score-Quality of Life of 3 whose International  Prostate Symptom Score-Quality of Life improved <2 points (group A). All other patients were defined as responders to naftopidil 50 mg/day (group B). The dose of naftopidil was increased to 75 mg/day in group A, and maintained at 50 mg/day  in group B. The treatment was continued for a further 8 weeks. RESULTS: The prostate volume at the baseline was significantly larger in group A than group B. The improvement of International Prostate Symptom Score total score, International Prostate Symptom Score-Quality of Life, and voided volume after 8 weeks was significantly better in group B than in group A. However, there was no  significant difference in the changes of all parameters between the two groups after 16 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: A dose increase to 75 mg/day is an effective treatment strategy in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms associated with  benign prostatic hyperplasia who responded poorly to an initial dose of 50 mg/day of naftopidil. Furthermore, a starting dose of 75 mg/day should be considered in  patients with a large prostate volume, as this is a predictive factor for dose increase.

 

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[999]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Editorial Comment from Dr Funahashi to alpha1D/A-adrenoceptor antagonist naftopidil for the male lower urinary tract symptoms associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia: Efficacy of dose increase therapy.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Int J Urol. 2012 Nov 7. doi: 10.1111/j.1442-2042.2012.03213.x.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1111/j.1442-2042.2012.03213.x

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Funahashi Y

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan. funa418@yahoo.co.jp.

 

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[1000]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Editorial Comment from Dr Ishizuka to alpha1D/A-adrenoceptor antagonist naftopidil for the male lower urinary tract symptoms associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia: Efficacy of dose increase therapy.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Int J Urol. 2012 Oct 19. doi: 10.1111/j.1442-2042.2012.03200.x.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1111/j.1442-2042.2012.03200.x

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Ishizuka O

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano,  Japan. ishizuk@shinshu-u.ac.jp.

 

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[1001]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Does overweight influence the prognosis of renal cell carcinoma? Results of a multicenter study.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Int J Urol. 2012 Nov 26. doi: 10.1111/iju.12000.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1111/iju.12000

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Steffens S; Ringe KI; Schroeer K; Lehmann R; Rustemeier J; Wegener G; Schrader M; Hofmann R; Kuczyk MA; Schrader AJ

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology and Urological Oncology.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - OBJECTIVES: To assess the impact of overweight on prognosis of renal cell carcinoma patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 2030 patients who underwent  surgery for renal cell carcinoma from 1990 to 2011 in three University Medical Centers were included in this retrospective analysis. For all patients, height and weight measurements at the time of diagnosis were available for review. The median (mean) follow up was 56.6 months (66.0 months). RESULTS: A low body mass index was significantly associated with poor tumor differentiation, histology, microscopic vascular invasion and metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis. A  lower-than-average body surface area - stratified according to the European average for men (1.98 m(2) ) and women (1.74 m(2) ) - was significantly related to older age, poor tumor differentiation, the histological subtype and microscopic vascular invasion. In addition, a low visceral fat area calculated in a subgroup of 133 evaluable patients was associated with a higher risk of advanced disease (pT3-4 and/or N/M+) at diagnosis. The tumor-specific 5-year survival rate was 71.3, 78.7 and 80.1%, for patients with a body mass index of, <25, 25-30 and >/=30. Multivariate analysis confirmed body mass index as an independent prognostic factor. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that overweight represents an independent prognostic factor in renal cell carcinoma patients. Further research should address the question of why obese people have a higher incidence of renal cell carcinoma, but at the same time a significantly better prognosis than other patients, particularly in the case of localized disease.

 

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[1002]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Radical prostatectomy does not improve survival compared to observation for localised prostate cancer in a prospective randomised trial.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Evid Based Med. 2012 Oct 20.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1136/eb-2012-100994

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Griffin JG; Holzbeierlein JM

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas,  USA.

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[1003]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Late complications after radiotherapy for prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Strahlenther Onkol. 2012 Nov;188(11):965-74. doi: 10.1007/s00066-012-0142-z. Epub 2012 Oct 11.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s00066-012-0142-z

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Jung H; Beck-Bornholdt HP; Svoboda V; Alberti W; Herrmann T

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Institute of Biophysics and Radiobiology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf,  Hamburg, Germany. h.g.jung@t-online.de

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: The aim of the present study was to analyze in detail the time course of the incidence of radiation-induced late effects. For this purpose, unpublished data of patients treated by radiation therapy in Hamburg in the late 1980s were analyzed. Relatively large volumes were exposed to comparatively high doses, thus leading to a high rate of treatment-related side effects. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 180 consecutive patients received radiotherapy for prostate cancer. The  median age was 66 years (range 41-88 years). The median of the maximum dose was 77.5 Gy (range 56.3-95 Gy) and overall treatment time was 51 days (range 28-128 days). Endpoints analyzed were late complications of grade 3 or higher, overall and disease-free survival, local tumor control, and distant metastases. Data analysis was actuarial and the log-rank test was used to compare the various subgroups. RESULTS: After 2 years, 80.5 +/- 3.2% of the patients were without any complications of grade 3 or higher, and after 5 years a constant level of 70.3 +/- 4.0% was approached. When multiple lesions occurred per patient, the later events were disregarded. A total of 66 complications occurred in 42 patients. The percentage of patients being free from late complications, plotted as a function  of time after start of radiation therapy, was adequately described by an exponential function and a constant fraction. Complications approached a constant level of 70.3% at a rate of 5.3% per month. This means that patients who will develop a complication do so at exponential kinetics and at a relatively high rate, whereas about 70% of the patients will never experience a late effect even  over long observation periods. After subdividing the maximum dose into three equal dose groups of 55 patients each (< 73.3 Gy, 73.3-80 Gy, > 80 Gy), the constant fraction decreased from 85.7 to 72.8% and 52.2%, whereas the incidence rate was 4.3%, 7.7%, and 5.6% per month and, thus, almost independent of radiation dose. CONCLUSION: For a given group of patients, the rate of the incidence of late complications appears to be independent of radiation dose and (from analyzing data in the literature) independent of the grade of lesions, whereas the fraction of patients without late effects depends on both parameters.

 

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[1004]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Effect of number and location of distant metastases on renal cell carcinoma mortality in candidates for cytoreductive nephrectomy: Implications for multimodal therapy.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Int J Urol. 2012 Nov 19. doi: 10.1111/iju.12004.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1111/iju.12004

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Capitanio U; Abdollah F; Matloob R; Salonia A; Suardi N; Briganti A; Carenzi C; Rigatti P; Montorsi F; Bertini R

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, University Vita-Salute  San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - OBJECTIVE: To test whether the combination of number and location of distant metastases affects cancer-specific survival in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. METHODS: Overall, 242 metastatic renal cell carcinoma patients with synchronous metastases at diagnosis underwent cytoreductive nephrectomy at a single institution. Combinations of number and location of distant metastases were coded as: single metastasis and single organ affected, multiple metastases and single organ affected, single metastasis for each of the multiple organs affected, and multiple metastases for each of the multiple organs affected. Covariates included age, symptoms, performance status, American Society of Anesthesiologists score, hemoglobin, lactate dehydrogenase, tumor size, Fuhrman grade, T stage, lymph node status, necrosis, sarcomatoid features and metastasectomy at the time of nephrectomy. RESULTS: The median survival was 34.7  versus 32.3 versus 29.6 versus 8.5 months for single metastasis and single organ  affected, multiple metastases and single organ affected single metastasis for each of the multiple organs affected, and multiple metastases for each of the multiple organs affected patients, respectively. At multivariable analyses, the combination of number and location of distant metastases resulted in one of the most informative and independent predictors of cancer-specific survival in metastatic renal cell carcinoma patients. The lung was the location with the highest rate of single organ affected (50.3% vs 35.1% in other sites; P < 0.001). Considering only patients with a single metastasis, no statistically significantly different cancer-specific survival rates were recorded (P > 0.3) among different metastatic organs. CONCLUSIONS: Among metastatic renal cell carcinoma patients undergoing cytoreductive nephrectomy, the combination of the number and location of distant metastases is a major independent predictor of cancer-specific survival. Patients with multiple organs affected by multifocal disease are more likely to have poorer survival.

 

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[1005]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Metabolic syndrome and androgen deprivation therapy in metabolic complications of prostate cancer patients.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Chin Med J (Engl). 2012 Oct;125(20):3725-9.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Yuan JQ; Xu T; Zhang XW; Yu LP; Li Q; Liu SJ; Huang XB; Wang XF

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100044, China.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Incidence of prostate cancer in Chinese males grows significantly in  the past decades. Androgen deprivation therapy has been generally employed in the treatment of locally advanced and metastatic prostate cancer for many years, yet  only little data was known about the metabolic syndrome in patients receiving hormonal therapy. This study described the prevalence and the changing trends of  hormone-related metabolic complications, and analyzed their correlation with different therapies. METHODS: In 125 patients treated with castration or maximal  androgen blockage for at least 12 months, metabolic indicators were analyzed. RESULTS: Totally, 13.5% patients in castration group and 30.1% patients in maximal androgen blockage group were diagnosed metabolic syndrome 12 months after the beginning of treatments (chi(2) = 4.739, P = 0.029). In castration group, increased triglyceride and decreased high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol were significant at the month 12, increased fasting plasma glucose and blood pressure  were significant at the month 4. In maximal androgen blockage group, increased triglyceride and decreased high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol were significant  at the month 4, increased fasting plasma glucose and blood pressure were significant at the month 8. Total testosterone and free testosterone in maximal androgen blockage group were significantly lower than castration group at all visits, which were proved to show positive or negative correlations with metabolic indications. Severity of metabolic complications in maximal androgen blockage group was generally more serious than people received castration, with significantly statistical difference or not. Trends of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and fasting plasma glucose were significant different between two kinds of therapy (P = 0.005, P = 0.019, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Prostate cancer patients receiving androgen deprivation therapy were at high risk of suffering metabolic syndrome. Severity of metabolic complications under different hormonal therapies were not completely consistent, suggested that androgen deprivation therapy may be individualized.

 

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[1006]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Body mass index influences prostate cancer risk at biopsy in Japanese men.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Int J Urol. 2012 Nov 27. doi: 10.1111/iju.12023.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1111/iju.12023

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Masuda H; Kagawa M; Kawakami S; Numao N; Matsuoka Y; Yokoyama M; Yamamoto S; Yonese J; Fukui I; Kihara K

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Graduate School of Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - OBJECTIVES: To determine the relationship between body mass index and prostate cancer risk at biopsy in Japanese men, and to compared the risk with that of Caucasian men. METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated 3966 men with prostate-specific antigen levels from 2.5 to 19.9 ng/mL who underwent an initial  extended prostate biopsy. Using logistic regression, odds ratios of each body mass index category for risk of prostate cancer and high-grade disease (Gleason score >/=4 + 3) were estimated after controlling for age, prostate-specific antigen, %free prostate-specific antigen, prostate volume, digital rectal examination findings, family history of prostate cancer and the number of biopsy  cores. Patients were divided into six categories according to their body mass index (kg/m(2) ) as follows: <21.0, 21.0-22.9, 23.0-24.9, 25.0-26.9, 27.0-29.9 and >/=30.0. RESULTS: A significant positive association was observed between body mass index and prostate cancer risk at biopsy, with an increased risk observed in men whose body mass index was >/=27.0 compared with the reference group. A significantly increased risk starting at body mass index >/=25.0 was found in high-grade disease. In contrast to our results, there has been no reported increase in the risk of prostate cancer at biopsy in Caucasians within the overweight range (body mass index of 25.0-29.9 based on World Health Organization classification). CONCLUSIONS: Japanese men within the overweight body mass index range who have an elevated prostate-specific antigen level also have a significant risk of harboring prostate cancer, especially high-grade disease. Overweight Japanese might be at greater prostate cancer risk at biopsy than overweight Caucasians.

 

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[1007]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Prostate cancer in younger and older patients: do we treat them differently?

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2012;13(9):4577-80.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Situmorang GR; Umbas R; Mochtar CA; Santoso RB

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia. gr.situmorang@gmail.com

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Diagnostic and therapeutic strategies of prostate cancer may largely influenced by patients’ age at presentation. This study is aimed to evaluate the characteristics, diagnostic and treatment strategies in prostate cancer patients  in our centres. A cross-sectional analytic study of prostate cancer data in two main referral cancer centres, Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital and Dharmais National Cancer Centre from 1995-2010, was therefore performed. Patients were divided into 2 sub-populations; below 60 years (younger patients) and 75 years old and above (older patients). PSA levels, diagnostic modalities, Gleason score  and therapeutic options were analysed for both and compared using bivariate analysis. 152 patients were <60 years and 210 were >/=75 years. There was no statistical difference in mean PSA level (797.9ng/mL vs 345.3 ng/mL, respectively; p>0.05) and diagnosis was made by biopsy in majority of patients in both groups (68.2% and 71.6% in younger and older groups respectively). Most presented with an advanced disease stage (65.1% and 66.0%, respectively) and there was no statistically significant difference in mean Gleason scores f (8.1 vs 7.7; p>0.05). Primary androgen deprivation therapy (PADT) was the main treatment for overall patients (48.0% and 50.7%, respectively). Radiotherapy and  radical prostatectomy are the main therapeutic modalities for younger patients with local and locally advanced disease (39.6% and 35.4% respectively), while the majority of older patients with the same disease stage were treated with radiotherapy and PADT (45.8% and 39.0% respectively). Differences observed in treatment modalities were statistically significant (p<0.0003). We conclude that  there is no difference in disease clinical aggressiveness of the two groups but significant differences were obseved in therapeutic strategies utilised with younger and older patients.

 

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[1008]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Radiotherapy after radical prostatectomy: immediate or early delayed?

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Strahlenther Onkol. 2012 Dec;188(12):1096-101. doi: 10.1007/s00066-012-0234-9. Epub 2012 Nov 7.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s00066-012-0234-9

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Bottke D; Bartkowiak D; Schrader M; Wiegel T

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany. dirk.bottke@uniklinik-ulm.de

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy (RP) is associated with risk indicators, including Gleason score, preoperative PSA level, tumor stage, seminal vesicle invasion, and positive surgical margins. The 5-year biochemical progression rate among predisposed patients is as high as 50-70%. Post-RP treatment options include adjuvant radiotherapy (ART, for men with undetectable PSA) or salvage radiotherapy (SRT, for PSA persisting or re-rising above detection threshold). Presently, there are no published randomized trials evaluating ART vs. SRT directly. METHODS: Published data on ART and SRT were reviewed to allow a comparison of the two treatment approaches. RESULTS: Three randomized phase III trials demonstrated an almost 20% absolute benefit for biochemical progression-free survival after ART (60-64 Gy) compared to a “wait and see” policy. The greatest benefit was achieved in patients with positive margins and pT3 tumors. SRT can be offered to patients with elevated PSA after RP. In 30-70% of SRT patients, PSA will decrease to an undetectable level, thus giving a second curative chance. The rate of side effects for both treatments is  comparably low. The role of irradiation of pelvic lymph nodes and the additional  use of hormone therapy and radiation dose are discussed. CONCLUSION: It remains unclear whether early SRT initiated after PSA failure is equivalent to ART. Where SRT is indicated, it should be started as early as possible.

 

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[1009]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Impact of learning curve and technical changes on dosimetry in low-dose brachytherapy for prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Strahlenther Onkol. 2012 Dec;188(12):1091-5. doi: 10.1007/s00066-012-0242-9. Epub 2012 Nov 11.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s00066-012-0242-9

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Le Fur E; Malhaire JP; Baverez D; Delage F; Perrouin-Verbe MA; Schlurmann F; Guerif S; Fournier G; Pradier O; Valeri A

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Radiation Therapy Department, CHU Brest, 5 avenue Foch, 29200 Brest, France. emmanuelle.lefur@chu-brest.fr

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: To assess the impact of experience and technical changes on peri- and postimplantation (1 month later) dosimetry for permanent prostate brachytherapy (PPB). PATIENTS AND METHODS: From July 2003 to May 2010, 150 prostate cancer patients underwent low-dose, loose-seed I(125) PPB as monotherapy with intraoperative planning. Patients were divided into three groups-P1 (n = 64), P2  (n = 45), P3 (n = 41)-according to the technical changes that occurred during the study period: use of an automatic stepper at the beginning of P2 and a high-frequency ultrasound probe in P3. Peri- and postimplantation dosimetric parameters (on day 30) were reported: D90 (dose received by 90% of prostate volume), V100 and V150 (prostate volume receiving, respectively, 100% and 150% of the prescribed dose), D2 cc and D0.1 cc (doses received by 2 cc and 0.1 cc of the rectum), R100 (rectum volume that received 100% of the prescribed dose), and D10  and D30 (doses received by 10% and 30% of the urethra, only during peri-implantation). RESULTS: We observed a decrease in the number of needles and  seeds used over time. The mean peri-implantation D90 was 187.52 Gy without a significant difference between the three periods (p = 0.48). The postimplantation D90, V100, and V150 parameters were, respectively, 168.3 Gy, 91.9%, and 55% with  no significant difference between the three periods. The peri-implantation and postimplantation D0.1 cc and R100 significantly decreased over time; on day 30: D0.1 cc P1 = 223.1 Gy vs. D0.1 cc P3 = 190.4 Gy (p = 8.10(-5)) and R100 P1 = 1.06 cc vs. R100 P3 = 0.53 cc (p = 0.0008). CONCLUSION: We observed a learning curve for the implantation parameters, which led to a significant decrease in the rectal doses without having any impact on the prostate dosimetric parameters.

 

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[1010]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Evaluation of xenotropic murine leukemia virus and its R426Q polymorphism in patients with prostate cancer in Kerman, southeast of Iran.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2012;13(8):3669-73.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Reza MA; Fahimeh G; Reza MH

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Tropical and Infectious Disease Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - A role for the xenotropic murine leukemia virus (XMRV) in prostate cancer development has been postulated. To answer questions regarding the prevalence of  XMRV in Iranian patients with prostate cancer and its association with the RNASEL R462Q polymorphism, we here investigated a series of cases in Kerman, in the Southeast of Iran, and sought to verify the association with the R462Q using Real Time PCR Method. Prostate tissue specimens of 200 patients with prostate cancer were genotyped for R462Q by real time polymerase chain reaction allelic discrimination and were screened for XMRV proviral DNA by real time polymerase chain reaction specific for the envelope gene. Of 200 patients in this study 8 (4%) cases were positive for XMRV, the QQ allele being the most frequent regarding the R426Q polymorphism while in negative patients it was the RQ allele. There was significant correlation between high pathological scores and XMRV positive samples. No significant relationship was found between age groups and XMRV results. XMRV was only found in patients with QQ and RQ alleles, not RR. XMRV is detectable in tumor prostate tissue from some patients with prostate cancer, independent of R462Q.

 

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[1011]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Image-guided biopsy of small renal masses in the era of ablative therapies.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Int J Urol. 2012 Nov 27. doi: 10.1111/iju.12010.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1111/iju.12010

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Salem S; Ponsky LE; Abouassaly R; Cherullo EE; Isariyawongse JP; Maclennan GT; Nakamoto D; Haaga JR

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Urologic Oncology and Minimally Invasive Therapies Center, Urology Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - OBJECTIVE: To further evaluate the accuracy, safety, and impact of image-guided renal biopsies on clinical decision making and management of the indeterminate small renal masses. METHODS: A total of 145 patients (males 99, females 46) with  small renal masses suspicious for malignancy were evaluated during the study period. The patients’ mean age was 67.2 (+/- 11.6) years. Computed tomography guided biopsies were carried out in all cases by an experienced interventional radiologist. An experienced genitourinary pathologist reviewed all pathological specimens. Patients’ demographic characteristics, tumor histology and subsequent  intervention, as well as periprocedural morbidities were recorded and analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 145 renal biopsy procedures were carried out. The small renal masses mean size was 2.4 +/- 1.1 cm. Biopsy was diagnostic in 126 (86.9%) cases and non-diagnostic in 19 (13.1%) cases. Of diagnostic biopsies, 107 (84.9%) were  malignant, 84.1% of which were primary renal cell carcinoma. Histological subtyping and grading of tumor was possible in 100% and 52.2% of renal cell carcinomas, respectively. The major renal cell carcinoma subtype was clear cell (63.3%) followed by papillary (24.4%) and chromophobe (8.8%). Repeat biopsy was carried out in nine of 19 non-diagnostic cases, and diagnosis was possible in 66.7%. Sensitivity of percutaneous renal biopsy was 91%, and its accuracy was 85.5%. Overall, patients’ age, sex, tumor size, and location were not related to  non-diagnostic biopsy results and/or tumor pathology. No cases of hemorrhage, seeding of biopsy tract, infection or mortalities were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings showed that image-guided biopsy of indeterminate small renal masses is safe and can provide the correct diagnosis with a high degree of accuracy. Thus,  this procedure can play an important role in establishing a histopathological diagnosis before treatment of enhancing small renal masses with ablative technologies. Furthermore, repeat biopsy can alter the clinical management of non-diagnostic biopsies.

 

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[1012]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Long-term outcomes and prognostic factors in patients treated with intraoperatively planned prostate brachytherapy.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Brachytherapy. 2013 Mar;12(2):120-5. doi: 10.1016/j.brachy.2012.08.002. Epub 2012 Oct 10.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.brachy.2012.08.002

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Vargas C; Swartz D; Vashi A; Blasser M; Kasareian A; Cesaretti J; Kiley K; Terk M

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Florida Center for Prostate Care, Jacksonville, FL. Electronic address: cvargas@frogdocs.com.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: Evaluate outcomes and prognostic factors in men with localized prostate  cancer. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A total of 3760 patients have undergone prostate seed implantation at our institution. This review is of our initial 304 consecutive patients treated before January 30, 2001. A total of 124 patients were treated with I implant monotherapy and 180 with Pd implant combined with 45-Gy external beam radiation therapy. RESULTS: The median followup was 10.3 years. A 10-year biochemical control for low risk (LR) was 98% , intermediate risk (IR) 94%, high risk (HR) 78%, and HR with one HR factor 88% (p < 0.001); cause-specific survival was 99%, 98%, and 84% for LR, IR, and HR, respectively (p < 0.001); No significant difference in outcome was seen for LR and IR patients (p > 0.3). On multivariate analysis, only pretreatment PSA, Gleason score, and T-stage were significant for biochemical control. Most biochemical failures occurred within 5 years (93%). CONCLUSIONS: With a minimum followup of 10 years,  results are excellent and do not differ for LR or IR prostate cancer patients. HR patients are a very heterogeneous group, and excellent results can still be achieved for HR patients with only one HR feature.

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[1013]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Correlation of [11C]choline PET-CT with time to treatment and disease-specific survival in men with recurrent prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Q J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2012 Oct;56(5):440-6.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Breeuwsma AJ; Rybalov M; Leliveld AM; Pruim J; de Jong IJ

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. a.j.breeuwsma@umcg.nl

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - AIM: Radiotherapy following radical prostatectomy should be considered in men with high risk features who have a life expectancy of more than 10 years. So far  no effect on prostate cancer specific survival has been proven by 3 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on adjuvant radiotherapy. At present the optimal timing  of radiotherapy is not defined. Identifying the site of recurrence is difficult at low PSA levels. [11C]choline PET-CT studies in biochemical recurrent prostate  cancer after prostatectomy show a higher frequency of (false) negative cases compared to restaging after EBRT. It is uncertain if this reflects low volume of  disease and/or low grade as biopsies fail to prove recurrent cancer in 50% of cases. We followed the clinical course of men with recurrent prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy and investigated treatment and survival. PET-CT data  were correlated with clinical data, PSA kinetics and disease specific and overall survival. We also studied relative survival comparing an age matched group from the Central Dutch Statistical Office (CBS). METHODS: Sixty-four patients underwent [11C]choline PET-CT on PSA relapse. All patients were initially treated with radical prostatectomy and reached PSA nadir of <0.1 ng/mL. Recurrent disease was defined as PSA increase <0.2 ng/mL after nadir. Patients were either treated  with watchful waiting, salvage radiotherapy and/or androgen deprivation therapy based on individual assessments by the treating urologists. Statistic: chi2, log-rank and Mann-Whitney-U tests were used to compare the [11C] choline PET/CT groups. RESULTS: The 64 patients had median PSA of 1.4 ng/mL. Median follow-up period of patients was 50 (6-124) months. Ten patients died during the course of  follow-up of which 5 due to metastasized disease. No significant differences were seen in age, time to recurrence, total PSA at recurrence and PET-CT results. Patients with abnormal PET had higher PSAVel (median 3.09 ng/mL/yr versus 10.17,  P=0.002) and shorter PSADT (med 4.83 months vs. 0.53, P=0.016). Median time to treatment was significantly lower in the PET-CT negative group. Age of patients at death from the whole group did not differ from the age of death in an age matched group. Disease specific survival was significantly higher in the PET-CT negative group (P=0.05). CONCLUSION: [11C]choline PET-CT showed that a negative PET/CT correlated with a higher disease specific survival and a lower treatment rate in men with a biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy. Overall survival of the total group was equal to the age matched cohort emphasizing the limited effect of a biochemical recurrent prostate cancer on overall survival. The optimum timing (adjuvant or early salvage) must be answered in running trials before adjuvant RT is used as standard of care.

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[1014]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Can we predict which patients will evolve to chronic kidney disease after nephrectomy for cortical renal tumors?

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Int Braz J Urol. 2012 Sep-Oct;38(5):637-43; discussion 644.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Torricelli FC; Danilovic A; Marchini GS; Sant’Anna AC; Dall’Oglio MF; Srougi M

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Hospital das Clinicas, University of  Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil. fabio_torri@yahoo.com.br

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - INTRODUCTION: While some studies show that patients submitted to radical nephrectomy have a higher risk of developing chronic kidney disease (CKD), some studies report that carefully selected living kidney donors do not present a higher risk for CKD. Here, we aim to study predictive factors of CKD after radical nephrectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between January 2006 to January 2010, 107 patients submitted to radical nephrectomy for cortical renal tumors at our institution were enrolled in this study. Demographic data were recorded, modified Charlson-Romano Index was calculated, and creatinine clearance was estimated using abbreviated Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) study equation. Pathological characteristics, surgical access and surgical complications were also reviewed. The end-point of the current study was new onset estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) less than 60 and less than 45 mL/minute/1.73 m(2). RESULTS: Age, preoperative eGFR, Charlson-Romano Index and hypertension were predictive factors of renal function loss, when the end-point considered was eGFR lower than 60 mL/minute/1.73 m(2). Age and preoperative eGFR were predictive factors of renal function loss, when the end-point considered was eGFR lower than 45 mL/minute/ 1.73 m(2). Moreover, each year older increased 1.1 times the risk of eGFR lower than 60 and 45 mL/minute/1.73 m(2). After multivariate logistic regression, only age remained as an independent predictive factor of eGFR loss. CONCLUSION: Age is an independent predictive factor of GFR loss for patients submitted to radical nephrectomy for cortical renal tumors.

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[1015]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Active surveillance for small renal tumors: Have clinical concerns been addressed so far?

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Int J Urol. 2013 Apr;20(4):356-61. doi: 10.1111/j.1442-2042.2012.03227.x. Epub 2012 Nov 6.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1111/j.1442-2042.2012.03227.x

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Gontero P; Joniau S; Oderda M; Ruutu M; Van Poppel H; Laguna MP; de la Rosette J; Kirkali Z

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, A.O.U. San Giovanni Battista, University of Turin, Turin,  Italy.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - The incidence of small renal masses is increasing, as a result of the wide adoption of imaging exams. Their management, however, is complicated, especially  in patients with decreased life expectancy or comorbidities. Approximately 20% of small renal masses are benign and, even if malignant, just 10% show aggressive pathological features. Furthermore, competing cause mortality seems to exceed the cancer-specific mortality in patients aged over 70 years. The role of percutaneous tumor biopsy is still not well defined. All these observations raise the concern as to whether surgery might represent an overtreatment for some cases of small renal masses, calling into question the role of active surveillance. The aim of this review was to evaluate the current evidence pertaining to several hot questions that need to be addressed when contemplating active surveillance for small renal masses. The most relevant publications on this subject available in the literature were selected. Five representative series of active surveillance along with the main related variables were identified. Some relevant items surrounding the field of active surveillance were identified and submitted to an  evidence-based discussion. According to the recent evidence, small renal masses under active surveillance tend to show an indolent course with a low probability  of disease progression, the latter being triggered most of the time by a tendency to grow faster. Unfortunately, we are currently unable to predict those few cases with aggressive behavior. According to the current evidence, active surveillance  is feasible and safe in elderly and comorbid patients.

 

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[1016]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Two-year survival follow-up of the randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase II study of radium-223 chloride in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer and bone metastases.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Clin Genitourin Cancer. 2013 Mar;11(1):20-6. doi: 10.1016/j.clgc.2012.07.002. Epub 2012 Sep 26.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.clgc.2012.07.002

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Nilsson S; Franzen L; Parker C; Tyrrell C; Blom R; Tennvall J; Lennernas B; Petersson U; Johannessen DC; Sokal M; Pigott K; O’Bryan-Tear CG; Thuresson M; Bolstad B; Bruland OS

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden. sten.nilsson@ki.se

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: This phase II randomized, placebo-controlled study was conducted to evaluate efficacy and safety of radium-223 in patients with castration-resistant  prostate cancer (CRPC) and painful bone metastases. Twelve- and 18-month survival results were reported previously. Here we report 24-month overall survival (OS) and safety data from the period 12 to 24 months after the first injection of study medication. METHODS: Patients with CRPC and bone pain were randomized 1:1 to receive 4 injections of radium-223 (50 kBq/kg [n = 33]) or placebo (n = 31) after external-beam radiotherapy; each injection was given every 4 weeks. Endpoints for this report were 24-month OS, long-term safety, and treatment-related adverse events (AEs) occurring in the 12- to 24-month period. RESULTS: After 24 months, 10 (30%) patients were alive in the radium-223 group compared with 4 patients (13%) in the placebo group. Patients who received at least 1 dose of study medication had a median OS of 65 weeks in the radium-223 group vs. 46 weeks in the placebo group (log-rank P = .056). The hazard ratio (HR) for OS, adjusted for baseline covariates, was 0.476 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.258-0.877; Cox regression P = .017). The most frequent cause of death for both arms was disease progression. There were no reports of treatment-related AEs or long-term hematologic toxicity during the 12- to 24-month follow-up. CONCLUSION: Radium-223 had a highly favorable safety profile, with no evidence of second malignancies at 24-month follow-up. The significant improvement in OS observed in patients receiving radium-223 vs. placebo suggests that treatment of  bone disease with radium-223 has survival benefits.

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[1017]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - DNA vaccination for prostate cancer, from preclinical to clinical trials - where  we stand?

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Genet Vaccines Ther. 2012 Oct 9;10(1):9. doi: 10.1186/1479-0556-10-9.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1186/1479-0556-10-9

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Ahmad S; Sweeney P; Sullivan GC; Tangney M

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Cork Cancer Research Centre, BioSciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland. m.tangney@ucc.ie.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Development of various vaccines for prostate cancer (PCa) is becoming an active research area. PCa vaccines are perceived to have less toxicity compared with the available cytotoxic agents. While various immune-based strategies can elicit anti-tumour responses, DNA vaccines present increased efficacy, inducing both humoural and cellular immunity. This immune activation has been proven effective  in animal models and initial clinical trials are encouraging. However, to validate the role of DNA vaccination in currently available PCa management paradigms, strong clinical evidence is still lacking. This article provides an overview of the basic principles of DNA vaccines and aims to provide a summary of preclinical and clinical trials outlining the benefits of this immunotherapy in the management of PCa.

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[1018]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Rectal injury during permanent seed implantation for prostate brachytherapy.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Jpn J Clin Oncol. 2012 Dec;42(12):1207-10. doi: 10.1093/jjco/hys165. Epub 2012 Oct 15.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1093/jjco/hys165

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Ishida M; Sugawara A; Matsushima M; Ohara R; Katayama M; Nakajima Y

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Saiseikai Yokohamashi Tobu Hospital, 3-6-1 Shimosueyoshi,  Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-8765, Japan. m-ishida@kc5.so-net.ne.jp

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Serious complications have not been previously reported during seed implantation  for prostate brachytherapy. We present an unreported case of rectal injury caused by an ultrasound probe. A 67-year-old male presented with a serum prostate-specific antigen level of 5.50 ng/ml, a Gleason score of 7 (3 + 4) and clinical T2a adenocarcinoma of the prostate. A transperineal permanent prostate brachytherapy implantation was performed. The patient subsequently complained of  abdominal pain postoperatively. A gastrointestinal perforation was suspected based on an abdominal X-ray obtained on the day after the brachytherapy. Rectal injury was recognized during an exploratory laparotomy, and a primary closure and temporary diversion ileostomy were performed. The healing of the injury was confirmed by colonoscopy and an ileostomy closure was performed 2 months after the temporary diversion. The investigating committee for this accident concluded  that the ultrasound probe had perforated the rectum. This is the first case of a  rectal injury during seed implantation for prostate brachytherapy.

 

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[1019]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Antioxidant treatment promotes prostate epithelial proliferation in Nkx3.1 mutant mice.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - PLoS One. 2012;7(10):e46792. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046792. Epub 2012 Oct 15.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1371/journal.pone.0046792

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Martinez EE; Anderson PD; Logan M; Abdulkadir SA

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Discordant results in preclinical and clinical trials have raised questions over  the effectiveness of antioxidants in prostate cancer chemoprevention. Results from the large-scale Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial (SELECT) showed that antioxidants failed to prevent, and in some cases promoted, prostate  cancer formation in men without a history of the disease. One possible explanation for these alarming results is the notion that the effects of antioxidant treatment on the prostate are modified by specific, intrinsic genetic risk factors, causing some men to respond negatively to antioxidant treatment. Loss of expression of the homeobox transcription factor NKX3.1 in the prostate is frequently associated with human prostate cancer. Nkx3.1 mutant mice display prostatic hyperplasia and dysplasia and are used as a model of the early stages of prostate cancer initiation. While the mechanisms by which Nkx3.1 loss promotes prostate tumorigenicity are not completely understood, published data have suggested that elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) associated with Nkx3.1 loss may be a causative factor. Here we have tested this hypothesis by treating Nkx3.1 mutant mice with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) for 13 weeks post-weaning. Surprisingly, while NAC treatment decreased ROS levels in Nkx3.1 mutant mouse prostates, it failed to reduce prostatic epithelial hyperplasia/dysplasia. Rather, NAC treatment increased epithelial cell proliferation and promoted the expression of a pro-proliferative gene signature.  These results show that ROS do not promote proliferation in the Nkx3.1-null prostate, but instead inhibit proliferation, suggesting that antioxidant treatment may encourage prostate epithelial cell proliferation early in prostate  tumorigenesis. Our findings provide new insight that may help explain the increased prostate cancer risk observed with vitamin E treatment in the SELECT trial and emphasize the need for preclinical studies using accurate models of cancer.

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[1020]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Impact of age on the cancer-specific survival of patients with localized renal cell carcinoma: martingale residual and competing risks analysis.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - PLoS One. 2012;7(10):e48489. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048489. Epub 2012 Oct 30.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1371/journal.pone.0048489

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Cai M; Wei J; Zhang Z; Zhao H; Qiu Y; Fang Y; Gao Z; Cao J; Chen W; Zhou F; Xie D; Luo J

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Age at diagnosis has been shown to be an independent prognostic factor of localized renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in several studies. We used contemporary statistical methods to reevaluate the effect of age on the cancer-specific survival (CSS) of localized RCC. METHODS AND FINDINGS: 1,147 patients with localized RCC who underwent radical nephrectomy between 1993 and 2009 were identified in our four institutions. The association between age and CSS was estimated, and the potential threshold was identified by a univariate Cox model and by martingale residual analysis. Competing risks regression was used to identify the independent impact of age on CSS. The median age was 52 years (range, 19-84 years). The median follow-up was 61 months (range, 6-144 months) for survivors. A steep increasing smoothed martingale residual plot indicated an  adverse prognostic effect of age on CSS. The age cut-off of 45 years was most predictive of CSS on univariate Cox analysis and martingale residual analysis (p  = 0.005). Age </=45 years was independently associated with a higher CSS rate in  the multivariate Cox regression model (HR = 1.59, 95% CI = 1.05-2.40, p = 0.027)  as well as in competing risks regression (HR = 3.60, 95% CI = 1.93-6.71, p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Increasing age was associated with a higher incidence of cancer-specific mortality of localized RCC. Age dichotomized at 45 years would maximize the predictive value of age on CSS, and independently predict the CSS of patients with localized RCC.

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[1021]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Melanoma-associated cancer-testis antigen 16 (CT16) regulates the expression of apoptotic and antiapoptotic genes and promotes cell survival.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - PLoS One. 2012;7(9):e45382. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045382. Epub 2012 Sep 21.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1371/journal.pone.0045382

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Nylund C; Rappu P; Pakula E; Heino A; Laato L; Elo LL; Vihinen P; Pyrhonen S; Owen GR; Larjava H; Kallajoki M; Heino J

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Cancer-testis (CT) antigens are predominantly expressed in testis or placenta, but absent in most adult tissues. During malignant transformation CT genes are often activated. CT antigen 16 (CT16, PAGE5) is frequently expressed in advanced  melanoma but its biological function has been unknown. To examine the role of CT16 in cell survival we knocked it down in A2058 melanoma cells using specific siRNAs and exposed the cells to cancer drug cisplatin known to induce apoptosis.  As a result, cell survival was markedly decreased. To study the effects of CT16 on cell survival in more detail, the cellular gene expression profiles were investigated after CT16 silencing in CT16 positive A2058 melanoma cells, as well  as after CT16 overexpression in CT16 negative WM-266-4 melanoma cells. Among the  11 genes both upregulated by CT16 silencing and downregulated by CT16 overexpression or vice versa, 4 genes were potentially apoptotic or antiapoptotic genes. CT16 was recognized as a positive regulator of antiapoptotic metallothionein 2A and interleukin 8 genes, whereas it inhibited the expression of apoptosis inducing dickkopf 1 (DKK1) gene. In addition CT16 enhanced the expression of fatty acid binding protein 7, a known promoter of melanoma progression. The effect of CT16 on DKK1 expression was p53 independent. Furthermore, CT16 did not regulate apoptotic genes via DNA methylation. In twenty melanoma metastasis tissue samples average DKK1 mRNA level was shown to be significantly (p<0.05) lower in high CT16 expressing tumors (n = 3) when compared to the tumors with low CT16 expression (n = 17). Thus, our results indicate that  CT16 promotes the survival of melanoma cells and is therefore a potential target  for future drug development.

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[1022]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Association of chronic kidney disease and peripheral artery disease with inappropriate left ventricular mass.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - PLoS One. 2012;7(10):e48422. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048422. Epub 2012 Oct 31.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1371/journal.pone.0048422

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Su HM; Lin TH; Hsu PC; Lee CS; Lee WH; Chen SC; Voon WC; Lai WT; Sheu SH

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Inappropriate left ventricular mass index (LVM) may develop as a response to particular hemodynamic and metabolic alterations. Inappropriate LVM and peripheral artery disease (PAD) characterized by abnormally low or high ankle-brachial index (ABI) are common in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, in whom there may be a close and cause-effect relationship. The aim of this study is to assess whether CKD and abnormal ABI has an independent and additive association with inappropriate LVM. A total of 1110 patients were included in the study. Inappropriate LVM was defined as observed LVM more than 28% of the predicted value. The ABI was measured using an ABI-form device. PAD was defined as ABI <0.9 or >1.3 in either leg. Multivariate analysis showed that patients with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <45 ml/min/1.73 m(2) (odds ratio [OR], 1.644; P = 0.011) and PAD (OR, 2.082; P = 0.002) were independently associated with inappropriate LVM. The interaction between eGFR <45 ml/min/1.73 m(2) and PAD on inappropriate LVM was statistically significant (P = 0.044). Besides, eGFR<45 ml/min/1.73 m(2) (change in observed/predicted LVM, 19.949; P<0.001) and PAD (change in observed/predicted LVM, 11.818; P = 0.003) were also  significantly associated with observed/predicted LVM. Our findings show that eGFR <45 ml/min/1.73 m(2) and PAD are independently and additively associated with inappropriate LVM and observed/predicted LVM. Assessments of eGFR and ABI may be  useful in identifying patients with inappropriate LVM.

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[1023]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Investigation of tumour supressor protein p53 in renal cell carcinoma patients from Slovakia.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2012 Jun 1. doi: 10.5507/bp.2012.035.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 5507/bp.2012.035

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Hodorova I; Solar P; Mihalik J; Vecanova J; Adamkov M; Rybarova S

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Anatomy, P. J. Safarik University, Faculty of Medicine, Kosice, Slovak Republic.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Investigation of p53 immunoreactivity in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues of normal renal tissue and renal cell carcinoma with respect to histopathologic subtype and nuclear grade of RCC. METHODS: 42 tissue sections of RCC and 5 samples of normal renal tissue were stained for p53 expression using immunohistochemical assay. The results were analyzed in relation to nuclear grade and histopathologic subtype. RESULTS: In total, p53 expression was found to be 4 to 5 times higher (30.8%) in other types of RCC than in the clear-cell type of RCC (6.9%). Further, there was no statistically significant difference in p53 overexpression among the histopathologic subtypes (P>0.05, P=0.063). No association was found between the expression of p53 and nuclear grade (P>0.05, P=0.17). Interestingly, our study also showed weak cytoplasmic positivity in renal tubular epithelium. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that p53 might play an important role in tumour development or progression and it might be used as a new predictor and therapeutic target for RCC.

 

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[1024]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Primary diffuse large B-Cell lymphoma of the prostate presenting with urinary retention and dyschezia for which rituximab-combined CHOP therapy was effective-a case presentation.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Gan To Kagaku Ryoho. 2012 Nov;39(11):1733-5.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Manabe M; Hayashi Y; Yoshii Y; Mukai S; Sakamoto E; Kanashima H; Nakao T; Hayama T; Fukushima H; Inoue T; Yamane T; Teshima H

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Dept. of Hematology, Osaka City General Hospital.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - We report the case of a 66-year-old man with primary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the prostate presenting with urinary retention and dyschezia as first manifestation. Although a colostomy was needed due to rectal obstruction, rituximab-combined chemotherapy resulted in complete remission. He underwent stoma closure safely and has remained in complete remission for over 3years. Primary prostatic lymphoma is extremely rare, presenting as 0.1% of newly diagnosed lymphomas, but rituximab-containing chemotherapy seems to be as effective as for nodal lymphoma.

 

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[1025]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Dendritic cell-based vaccination for renal cell carcinoma: challenges in clinical trials.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Immunotherapy. 2012 Oct;4(10):1031-42. doi: 10.2217/imt.12.107.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 2217/imt.12.107

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Wang J; Liao L; Tan J

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Organ Transplant Institute, Fuzhou General Hospital, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, China.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - After decades of research, dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccines for renal cell carcinoma have progressed from preclinical rodent models and safety assessments to Phase I/II clinical trials. DC vaccines represent a promising therapy that has produced measurable immunological responses and prolonged survival rates. However, there is still much room to improve in terms of therapeutic efficacy. The key issues that affect the efficiency and reliability of DC therapy include the selection of patients who will respond best to treatment, the proper preparation and administration of DC vaccines, and a combination of DC vaccination with other immune-enhancing therapies (e.g., removal of Tregs, CTLA-4 blockade and lymphodepletion). Additional antiangiogenic agents will hopefully lead to greater survival benefits for patients in early disease stages. This review focuses on the different approaches of DC-based vaccination against renal  cell carcinoma and potential strategies to enhance the efficacy of DC vaccination.

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[1026]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography in the diagnosis of upper urinary tract urothelial cell carcinoma: a preliminary study.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Ultraschall Med. 2013 Feb;34(1):30-7. doi: 10.1055/s-0032-1325548. Epub 2012 Nov  19.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1055/s-0032-1325548

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Drudi FM; Di Candio G; Di Leo N; Malpassini F; Gnecchi M; Cantisani V; Iori F; Liberatore M

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Radiology, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy. francescom.drudi@uniroma1.it

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: The main objective was to assess the effectiveness of contrast-enhanced  ultrasonography (CEUS) in the diagnosis of upper urinary tract malignancies by comparing with multidetector computed tomographic urography (MDCTU) and magnetic  resonance urography (MRU). Secondary objectives were to compare the tumor size measured with CEUS, MDCTU and MRU and to assess the usefulness of CEUS in distinguishing high-grade tumors from low-grade ones. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In connection with this prospective study carried out from January 2009 to September 2011, 18 patients underwent MDCTU or MRU, grayscale ultrasonography (US), color Doppler ultrasonography and CEUS followed by surgery and histological examination of the specimen. Quantitative analysis was performed using perfusion software. Time intensity curves were extracted and the following parameters were considered: wash-in time, time-to-peak, maximum signal intensity and wash-out time. RESULTS: Grayscale US identified 15/18 lesions; color Doppler showed no flow signal in 8 lesions, low color signal in 9 lesions and an intense color signal in 1 lesion; CEUS identified 17/18 lesions with the undetected lesion being the smallest one (1.2 cm) located in the upper pelvicalyceal system. Semi-quantitative analysis produced different data for high-grade and low-grade urothelial cell carcinoma (UCC). All detected upper urinary tract masses were UCCs. MRU, MDCTU and grayscale US overestimated the tumor size, while CEUS was the most accurate. CONCLUSION: CEUS is useful for evaluating upper urinary tract  masses as this method permits differentiation between high-grade and low-grade tumors as well as distinction of the tumor from the adjacent structures and accurate mass measurements.

 

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[1027]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Multiple organ failure and granulomatous hepatitis following intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin instillation.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Acta Clin Belg. 2012 Sep-Oct;67(5):367-9.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Desmet M; Moubax K; Haerens M

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, AZ Groeninge, Kortrijk, Belgium. Matthias.Desmet@AZgroeninge.be

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Intravesical instillations of Bacillus-Calmette Guerin are widely used in the treatment of superficial bladder carcinoma. Although relatively safe, it has potentially lethal systemic side effects. In this case report a 68 year old patient presented with septic shock and multiple organ failure three days after instillation with Bacillus Calmette-Guerin. After treatment with fluid, vasopressors, broad spectrum antibiotics and antimycobacterial drugs the patient’s condition improved. Ten days after admission there was a dramatic increase in bilirubin levels. A liver biopsy revealed granulomatous hepatitis. After the initiation of methylprednisolone the overall condition of the patient improved and serum bilirubin levels returned to normal.

 

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[1028]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Recurrent rhabdomyosarcoma after adjuvant chemotherapy for stage I non-seminomatous germ cell tumor with malignant transformation.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Int J Urol. 2012 Oct 17. doi: 10.1111/j.1442-2042.2012.03197.x.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1111/j.1442-2042.2012.03197.x

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Ushida H; Koizumi S; Katoh K; Okabe H; Okada Y; Okamoto K

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - We report a rare case of stage I non-seminomatous testicular germ cell tumor with malignant transformation. The patient received two cycles of chemotherapy (cisplatin, bleomycin and etoposide) tailored to testicular germ cell tumors as an adjuvant therapy after orchiectomy. However, 22 months later, the patient developed a metastasis in the occipital region that consisted of solely rhabdomyosarcoma through malignant transformation of a teratoma component. This case highlights an issue related to adjuvant chemotherapy for testicular germ cell tumors with components of malignant transformation.

 

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[1029]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Editorial comment to oncological outcomes after radical nephroureterectomy for upper tract urothelial carcinoma: comparison over the three decades.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Int J Urol. 2012 Dec;19(12):1066-7. doi: 10.1111/iju.12002.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1111/iju.12002

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Suyama T

 

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[1030]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Wide range and variation in minimally invasive surgery for renal malignancy in Japan: a population-based analysis.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Int J Clin Oncol. 2012 Nov 23.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s10147-012-0500-y

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Sugihara T; Yasunaga H; Horiguchi H; Tsuru N; Fujimura T; Nishimatsu H; Kume H; Ohe K; Matsuda S; Fushimi K; Homma Y

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Shintoshi Hospital, Iwata, Japan, ezy04707@nifty.com.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Despite increasing interest in minimally invasive surgery, prevalence data are completely absent. Our objective was to analyze clinico-epidemiological  variations of surgery for renal malignancy in Japan with emphasis on annual trends and regional gaps, and to analyze factors affecting choice of open versus  minimally invasive surgery. METHODS: We identified patients who underwent open (n = 8646), laparoscopic (n = 5932), or minimum incision endoscopic surgery (MIES) (n = 381) nephrectomy for renal malignancy, using the Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination database, 2007-2010. Clinical and regional variations in these three approaches were determined, and the annual per-population incidence of nephrectomy was estimated. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze factors affecting choice of minimally invasive surgery (laparoscopy or MIES). RESULTS: The proportion of open nephrectomy decreased from 65.3 % in 2007  to 51.6 % in 2010. Laparoscopic nephrectomy accounted for 51.0 % of procedures for T1 tumors. The estimated incidence of nephrectomy in males and females was 14.3 and 6.1 per 100,000 person-years, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that minimally invasive nephrectomy was more likely to be selected for patients in their 30-50s who had less comorbidity, better performance status, or lower TNM stage, in high-volume or academic hospitals, especially in western Japan. Hemodialysis use was a favorable factor. CONCLUSION: Despite differences between  eastern and western Japan, minimally invasive surgery is becoming widespread throughout Japan, especially for patients with low operative risks and early-stage cancer who are hospitalized in high-volume institutes.

 

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[1031]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Prognostic prediction following radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer using conventional as well as molecular biological approaches.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Int J Urol. 2013 Mar;20(3):301-11. doi: 10.1111/j.1442-2042.2012.03175.x. Epub 2012 Sep 30.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1111/j.1442-2042.2012.03175.x

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Miyake H; Fujisawa M

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Division of Urology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Although radical prostatectomy has been the mainstay of treatment for men with clinically organ-confined prostate cancer, a certain proportion of men undergoing radical prostatectomy fail to achieve a complete cure of this disease; that is, postoperative biochemical recurrence develops in approximately 30% of men, some of whom will ultimately die of disease progression. A number of studies, therefore, have been carried out to identify factors reflecting prognostic outcomes following radical prostatectomy, which would be potentially helpful for  properly counseling individual patients undergoing this surgery. Furthermore, various types of model systems using multiple clinicopathological parameters, such as the nomogram, look-up table and artificial neural network, have been shown to have better performance in postoperative prognostic prediction than the  opinions of expert clinicians. However, there have not been any standard models uniformly applied to postoperative prognostic prediction, which could be explained, at least in part, by the use of conventional clinicopathological parameters alone, suggesting the need for the additional evaluation of molecular  markers simultaneously considering the unique biological features of prostate cancer. In this review, a search of the literature was carried out focusing on the significance of prognostic models following radical prostatectomy, and it is  suggested that these models could be promising tools to provide accurate information on the postoperative clinical course of prostate cancer patients. To  widely introduce such models into clinical practice, it is necessary to further improve currently available models and develop more reliable, flexible, simple and easily accessible tools by incorporating conventional clinicopathological factors as well as molecular biomarkers.

 

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[1032]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Using ligands to target cancer cells.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Clin Adv Hematol Oncol. 2012 Aug;10(8):543-4.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Farokhzad OC

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Biomaterials, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

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[1033]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Editorial Comment from Dr Nagashima to Malignant mixed epithelial and stromal tumor of the kidney: Report of the first male case.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Int J Urol. 2013 Apr;20(4):452. doi: 10.1111/j.1442-2042.2012.03189.x. Epub 2012  Oct 8.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1111/j.1442-2042.2012.03189.x

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Nagashima Y

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Molecular Pathology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Japan. ynagas@med.yokohama-cu.ac.jp.

 

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[1034]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Shared decision making for prostate cancer screening: the results of a combined analysis of two practice-based randomized controlled trials.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - BMC Med Inform Decis Mak. 2012 Nov 13;12:130. doi: 10.1186/1472-6947-12-130.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1186/1472-6947-12-130

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Sheridan SL; Golin C; Bunton A; Lykes JB; Schwartz B; McCormack L; Driscoll D; Bangdiwala SI; Harris RP

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Division of General Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7110, USA. sls593@med.unc.edu.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Professional societies recommend shared decision making (SDM) for prostate cancer screening, however, most efforts have promoted informed rather than shared decision making. The objective of this study is to 1) examine  the effects of a prostate cancer screening intervention to promote SDM and 2) determine whether framing prostate information in the context of other clearly beneficial men’s health services affects decisions. METHODS: We conducted two separate randomized controlled trials of the same prostate cancer intervention (with or without additional information on more clearly beneficial men’s health services). For each trial, we enrolled a convenience sample of 2 internal medicine practices, and their interested physicians and male patients with no prior history of prostate cancer (for a total of 4 practices, 28 physicians, and  128 men across trials). Within each practice site, we randomized men to either 1) a video-based decision aid and researcher-led coaching session or 2) a highway safety video. Physicians at each site received a 1-hour educational session on prostate cancer and SDM. To assess intervention effects, we measured key components of SDM, intent to be screened, and actual screening. After finding that results did not vary by trial, we combined data across sites, adjusting for  the random effects of both practice and physician. RESULTS: Compared to an attention control, our prostate cancer screening intervention increased men’s perceptions that screening is a decision (absolute difference +41%; 95% CI 25 to  57%) and men’s knowledge about prostate cancer screening (absolute difference +34%; 95% CI 19% to 50%), but had no effect on men’s self-reported participation  in shared decisions or their participation at their preferred level. Overall, the intervention decreased screening intent (absolute difference -34%; 95% CI -50% to -18%) and actual screening rates (absolute difference -22%; 95% CI -38 to -7%) with no difference in effect by frame. CONCLUSIONS: SDM interventions can increase men’s knowledge, alter their perceptions of prostate cancer screening, and reduce actual screening. However, they may not guarantee an increase in shared decisions. TRIAL REGISTRATION: #NCT00630188.

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[1035]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Prebiopsy magnetic resonance studies for prostate cancer diagnosis.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Int J Urol. 2013 Feb;20(2):140-1. doi: 10.1111/j.1442-2042.2012.03201.x. Epub 2012 Oct 23.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1111/j.1442-2042.2012.03201.x

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Kumar R; Jagannathan NR

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India. rajeev02@gmail.com

 

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[1036]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Low-dose thalidomide in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Pak Med Assoc. 2012 Sep;62(9):876-9.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Tunio MA; Hashmi A; Qayyum A; Naimatullah N; Masood R

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Radiation Oncology, Sindh Institute of Urology & Transplantation (SIUT), Karachi, Pakistan. drmutahirtonio@hotmail.com

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of thalidomide in patients with metastic renal cell carcinoma and the efficacy, toxicity and response rates to thalidomide. METHODS: The phase-II clinical trial study was conducted at the Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation (SIUT), Karachi between November 2008, and April 2009, comprising 80 patients with metastic renal cell carcinoma who had either progressed on or were not suitable for immunotherapy/biologic therapy. After institutional approval and informed consent, the patients received thalidomide 400mg daily. Thalidomide was continued until the time of disease progression or documented severe toxicity. Primary endpoints were the safety, response, progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). SPSS version 16.0 was  used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The median follow-up was 18 months (15-20); median age was 51.11 years (range 23-73). Three were 59 (73.8%) males. The bone (n=83; 47.5%), lungs (n=26; 32.5%) and lymph nodes (n=8; 10%) were frequent sites of distant metastases. Of the patients, 32 (40%) had previous different systemic treatments. Grade 3 and 4 toxicities were; fatigue (n=34; 42.5%), sensory neuropathy (n=8; 10%), deep venous thrombosis (n=7; 8.8%) and gastrointestinal upset (n=6; 7.5%). Response rates were available for 75 patients: partial 48 (60%); stable disease 12 (15%); progression 15 (18.8%); while 5 (6.2%) were not evaluated. Median progression free survival and overall survival rates were 7 months and 19 months respectively. CONCLUSION: Low-dose thalidomide resulted in manageable toxicity, better response rates, progression free survival and overall survival in the study population. Further large randomised trials are warranted.

 

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[1037]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Construct validation of patient global impression of severity (PGI-S) and improvement (PGI-I) questionnaires in the treatment of men with lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - BMC Urol. 2012 Nov 7;12:30. doi: 10.1186/1471-2490-12-30.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1186/1471-2490-12-30

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Viktrup L; Hayes RP; Wang P; Shen W

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA.  viktrupla@lilly.com

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in aging men are often associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). While regulatory evaluations of treatment benefit require an assessment of specific symptoms, a simpler approach  to measuring patients’ perceptions of severity and symptom change may be particularly useful for clinical practice. The aim of this study was to provide evidence of the validity of the 1-item Patient Global Impression of Severity (PGI-S) and Improvement (PGI-I) questionnaires for use as outcome measures in the treatment of BPH-LUTS. METHODS: This was a secondary analysis of data from 4 randomized placebo-controlled 12-week trials evaluating tadalafil for the treatment of BPH-LUTS (N=1694). Visit 2 (V2 [beginning of a 4-week placebo lead-in period]) and endpoint assessments included International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), IPSS Quality of Life Index (IPSS-QoL), BPH Impact Index (BII), and  peak urine flow (Qmax). PGI-S was only administered at V2 and PGI-I only at endpoint. Associations between the PGI-S or the PGI-I and the other assessments were analyzed by calculating Spearman rank correlation coefficients and performing analysis of variance (ANOVA). RESULTS: Spearman correlation coefficients were 0.43, 0.43, 0.53, and -0.09, between the PGI-S and IPSS, IPSS-QoL, BII, and Qmax baseline results (all P<0.001). Similar results were seen across race, ethnicity, and baseline severity (moderate LUTS versus severe LUTS). IPSS, IPSS-QoL, BII baseline scores (P <0.001) and Qmax values (P=0.003) were significantly different among the 4 PGI-S severity levels. Spearman correlation coefficients were 0.56, 0.53, 0.47 and -0.15 between the PGI-I and change in IPSS, IPSS-QoL, BII scores, and Qmax values from baseline to endpoint (all P<0.001). Similar results were seen across race, ethnicity, and baseline severity. Change in IPSS, IPSS-QoL, BII scores, and Qmax values (P<0.001) were significantly different among the PGI-I levels (i.e., patient perception of change in urinary symptoms). CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated patients’ overall perceptions of their severity and change in BPH-LUTS can be captured in a way that is simple, valid, and easily administered in a research setting or clinical practice. Clinical parameters are weakly associated with patients’ perception of urinary symptoms, emphasizing the importance of a patient-reported  assessment in the evaluation of BPH-LUTS treatment benefit.

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[1038]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Isolation and identification of cancer stem-like cells from side population of human prostate cancer cells.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Huazhong Univ Sci Technolog Med Sci. 2012 Oct;32(5):697-703. doi: 10.1007/s11596-012-1020-8. Epub 2012 Oct 18.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s11596-012-1020-8

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Chen Y; Zhao J; Luo Y; Wang Y; Wei N; Jiang Y

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China. chenyatong_2004@163.com

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - It has been widely verified by various sorting methods that cancer stem cells (CSCs) exist in different types of tumor cells or tissues. However, due to lack of specific stem cell surface markers, CSCs are very difficult to be separated from some cancer cells, which becomes the key barrier of functional studies of CSCs. The sorting method by side population cells (SP) lays a solid foundation for in-depth and comprehensive study of CSCs. To identify the existence of SP in  prostate cancer cell lines, we applied flow cytometry sorting by SP to cultures of prostate cancer cell lines (TSU, LnCap, and PC-3), and the cancer stem-like characteristics of SP were verified through experiments in vitro and in vivo. The proportion of SP in TSU cells was calculated to be 1.60%+/-0.40% [Formula: see text], and that in PC-3 and LnCap cells was calculated to be 0.80%+/-0.05% and 0.60%+/-0.20%, respectively. The colony formation assay demonstrated that the colony formation rate of SP to non-SP sorted from TSU via flow cytometry was 0.495+/-0.038 to 0.177+/-0.029 in 500 cells, 0.505+/-0.026 to 0.169+/-0.024 in 250 cells, and 0.088+/-0.016 to 0.043+/-0.012 in 125 cells respectively. In the in vivo experiments, tumors were observed in all the mice on the 10th day after injecting 50 000 cells subcutaneously in SP group, whereas when 5x10(6) cells were injected in non-SP group, tumors were developed in only 4 out of 8 mice until the 3rd week before the end of the experiment. Our results revealed that prostate cancer cells contain a small subset of cells, called SP, possessing much greater capacity of colony formation and tumorigenic potential than non-SP. These suggest that SP in prostate cancer cells may play a key role in the self-renewal  and proliferation, and have the characteristics of cancer stem-like cells. Dissecting these features will provide a new understanding of the function of prostate CSCs in tumorigenicity and transformation.

 

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[1039]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Association of RENAL nephrometry score with outcomes of minimally invasive partial nephrectomy.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Int J Urol. 2012 Nov 6. doi: 10.1111/j.1442-2042.2012.03222.x.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1111/j.1442-2042.2012.03222.x

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Ellison JS; Montgomery JS; Hafez KS; Miller DC; He C; Wolf JS Jr; Weizer AZ

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the predictive value of the Radius, Exophytic, Nearness, Anterior, Location nephrometry scoring system and to investigate the influence of its individual components on perioperative outcomes of minimally invasive partial nephrectomy. METHODS: Consecutive laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (n = 189) and  robotic partial nephrectomy (n = 109) cases from 2007 through 2011 were retrospectively reviewed from our prospectively maintained database. Urological surgeons assigned nephrometry scores, excluding cases without images available for review. The association of nephrometry score categories and individual components of the score to perioperative outcomes were assessed. RESULTS: No differences were observed in preoperative characteristics of low (n = 135), intermediate (n = 155) and high (n = 8) nephrometry groups. Higher nephrometry score was associated with an increased length of stay, estimated blood loss and warm ischemia time. Higher nephrometry scores were also associated with a greater proportion of major complications (P < 0.001). Distance to the renal sinus had the greatest impact on perioperative outcomes including operative and ischemic times, estimated blood loss, complications and length of stay. CONCLUSIONS: The Radius, Exophytic, Nearness, Anterior, Location nephrometry score has value as a  predictive tool for perioperative outcomes of minimally invasive partial nephrectomy. Distance to the renal sinus seems to have the greatest association with outcomes. Using these findings, clinicians will be better able to counsel patients regarding anticipated perioperative outcomes of minimally invasive partial nephrectomy.

 

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[1040]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Editorial Comment from Dr Herrel and Dr Canter to Association of RENAL nephrometry score with outcomes of minimally invasive partial nephrectomy.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Int J Urol. 2012 Nov 8. doi: 10.1111/iju.12006.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1111/iju.12006

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Herrel LA; Canter D

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. daniel.j.canter@emory.edu.

 

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[1041]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Editorial Comment from Dr Mitsui to Association of RENAL nephrometry score with outcomes of minimally invasive partial nephrectomy.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Int J Urol. 2012 Nov 28. doi: 10.1111/iju.12032.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1111/iju.12032

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Mitsui Y

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo, Japan. mitsui@med.shimane-u.ac.jp.

 

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[1042]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Activity of single-agent bevacizumab in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma previously treated with vascular endothelial growth factor tyrosine kinase inhibitors.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Clin Genitourin Cancer. 2013 Mar;11(1):45-50. doi: 10.1016/j.clgc.2012.06.001. Epub 2012 Oct 4.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.clgc.2012.06.001

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Turnbull JD; Cobert J; Jaffe T; Harrison MR; George DJ; Armstrong AJ

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: The activity of systemic agents after progression when using vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibition (TKI) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibition in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) is poorly characterized. The anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) monoclonal antibody bevacizumab has a broad US Food and Drug Administration label and National Comprehensive Cancer Network guideline level 2b recommendation in this setting; we thus explored our institutional experience in  this population. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients with  mRCC who were treated with bevacizumab in the second- and/or third-line settings; the primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). Overall response rates  (ORR), overall survival (OS), and toxicity were analyzed. RESULTS: Twenty-one patients were treated with bevacizumab: the median age was 63 years old; 80% were white and 14% were black; 80% had clear cell histology. All the patients had prior VEGFR TKI therapy; 43% had prior mTOR inhibitor; the median number of prior therapies was 3. The median PFS was 4.4 months (95% CI, 2.8-9.6 months), and the  median OS was 19.4 months (95% CI, 9.9-NR months). ORR was 9.5%; 52% of subjects  had stable disease as best response, and 52% had disease progression. For subjects treated with prior VEGF and mTOR inhibitors, median PFS and OS were 4.4  and 13.2 months, respectively. Grade 3 to 4 toxicities included fatigue (29%), dehydration (24%), failure to thrive (10%), constipation (10%), and muscle weakness (10%). CONCLUSIONS: Single-agent bevacizumab has acceptable toxicity and moderate disease-stabilizing activity in selected patients with mRCC who have failed prior VEGFR TKI and mTOR inhibitors. These data support clinical benefit to continued ongoing VEGF inhibition. Further prospective studies of bevacizumab  alone or with alternative targeted agents in previously treated populations with  mRCC are warranted.

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[1043]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Mitochondrial D-Loop polymorphism and microsatellite instability in prostate cancer and benign hyperplasia patients.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2012;13(8):3863-8.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Ashtiani ZO; Heidari M; Hasheminasab SM; Ayati M; Rakhshani N

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical  Sciences, Tehran, Iran. ousati@sina.tums.ac.ir

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - In this study mitochondrial D-Loop variations in Iranian prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients were investigated. Tumour samples and corresponding non-cancerous prostate tissue from 40 prostate cancer patients and  40 age-matched BPH patients were collected. The entire mtD-loop region (16024-576) was amplified using the PCR method and products were gel-purified and subjected to direct nucleotide sequencing. A total of 129 variations were found,  the most frequent being 263A-G and 310T-C among both BPH and prostate cancer patients. Variation of 309 C-T was significantly more frequent in prostate cancer patients (P value<0.05). Four novel variations were observed on comparison with the MITOMAP database. Novel variations were np16154delT, np366G-A, np389G-A and 56insT. There was no correspondence between the different variations and the age  of subjects. Considering that D-loop variations were frequent in both BPH and prostate cancer patients in our study, the fact that both groups had high average age can be a possible contributing factor. D-loop polymorphisms and microsatellite instability can influence cell physiology and result in a benign or malignant phenotype. Significantly higher frequency of 309 C-T variation in cancer patients is a notable finding and must be a focus of attention in future studies.

 

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[1044]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Image-Guided Radiation Therapy for Muscle-Invasive Carcinoma of the Urinary Bladder with Cone Beam CT Scan: Use of Individualized Internal Target Volumes for a Single Patient.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Case Rep Oncol. 2012 Sep;5(3):498-505. doi: 10.1159/000342912. Epub 2012 Sep 24.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1159/000342912

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Saini G; Aggarwal A; Srivastava R; Sharma PK; Garg M; Nangia S; Chomal M

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Radiation Oncology, Fortis International Oncology Center, Noida, India.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - INTRODUCTION: While planning radiation therapy (RT) for a carcinoma of the urinary bladder (CaUB), the intra-fractional variation of the urinary bladder (UB) volume due to filling-up needs to be accounted for. This internal target volume (ITV) is obtained by adding internal margins (IM) to the contoured bladder. This study was planned to propose a method of acquiring individualized ITVs for each patient and to verify their reproducibility. METHODS: One patient with CaUB underwent simulation with the proposed ‘bladder protocol’. After immobilization, a planning CT scan on empty bladder was done. He was then given 300 ml of water to drink and the time (T) was noted. Planning CT scans were performed after 20 min (T+20), 30 min (T+30) and 40 min (T+40). The CT scan at T+20 was co-registered with the T+30 and T+40 scans. The bladder volumes at 20, 30 and 40 min were then contoured as CTV20, CTV30 and CTV40 to obtain an individualized ITV for our patient. For daily treatment, he was instructed to drink water as above, and the time was noted; treatment was started after 20 min. Daily pre- and post-treatment cone beam CT (CBCT) scans were done. The bladder visualized on the pre-treatment CBCT scan was compared with CTV20 and on the post-treatment CBCT scan with CTV30. RESULTS: In total, there were 65 CBCT scans  (36 pre- and 29 post-treatment). Individualized ITVs were found to be reproducible in 93.85% of all instances and fell outside in 4 instances. CONCLUSIONS: The proposed bladder protocol can yield a reproducible estimation of the ITV during treatment; this can obviate the need for taking standard IMs.

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[1045]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Potential tumor markers of renal cell carcinoma: alpha-Enolase for postoperative  follow up, and galectin-1 and galectin-3 for primary detection.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Int J Urol. 2012 Nov 1. doi: 10.1111/j.1442-2042.2012.03206.x.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1111/j.1442-2042.2012.03206.x

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Kaneko N; Gotoh A; Okamura N; Matsuo EI; Terao S; Watanabe M; Yamada Y; Hamami G; Nakamura T; Ikekita M; Okumura K; Nishimura O

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Life Science Research Center, Technology Research Laboratory, Shimadzu Corporation, Kyoto, Japan; Division of Disease Proteomics, Institute for Protein  Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - The diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma is currently based on imaging techniques, mainly because there is no blood marker available for its detection. Thus, there  is still the need for the development of novel tumor markers. We examined plasma  levels of eight proteins in 15 renal cell carcinoma patients before and after surgery, and in 51 healthy controls using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Plasma levels of alpha-enolase, calnexin, galectin-1, galectin-3 and lectin mannose-binding 2 were significantly higher in renal cell carcinoma patients than in controls (P < 0.05). Among these proteins, the sensitivities for galectin-1 and galectin-3 were higher than those for calnexin and lectin mannose-binding 2 in the specificity range from 80% to 100%. A combined use of galectin-1 and galectin-3 showed 98% specificity and 47% sensitivity. In addition, the assays showed that plasma alpha-enolase levels decreased significantly 4 weeks after nephrectomy (P = 0.0034), and this tendency continued until 12 weeks after nephrectomy (P = 0.0156). These findings suggest that alpha-enolase could be used in the postoperative follow up of renal cell carcinoma patients, whereas the combined use of galectin-1 and galectin-3 might represent a useful tool for primary detection.

 

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[1046]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Prediction of response to bacillus Calmette-Guerin treatment in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer patients through interleukin-6 and interleukin-10 ratio.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Exp Ther Med. 2012 Sep;4(3):459-464. Epub 2012 Jul 5.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 3892/etm.2012.634

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Cai T; Nesi G; Mazzoli S; Meacci F; Tinacci G; Luciani LG; Ficarra V; Malossini G; Bartoletti R

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Santa Chiara Hospital, Trento;

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - This study aimed to evaluate whether the interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-10  (IL-10) ratio (IL-6/IL-10) can be used as a prognostic marker of recurrence following bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) therapy in patients with high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). One hundred and twenty-one consecutive urological patients (72 affected by high-risk NMIBC and 49 controls)  were selected for this prospective study. Urine samples for dipstick and interleukin analyses were collected from each subject before surgery. All patients underwent transurethral resection of bladder tumours (TUR-BT), followed  by six weekly BCG instillations. IL-6 and IL-10 concentrations in urine were determined by solid phase ELISA Quantikine IL-6 and IL-10 Immunoassay. Patients with NMIBC were stratified in accordance with IL-6/IL-10: group A </=0.09 and group B >0.10. The main outcome measures were time to first recurrence and recurrence rate following BCG therapy. At enrolment, IL-6/IL-10 was not statistically different between patients and controls (p=0.763, degrees of freedom (df)=1, F-test result (F)=0.092). Of the 72 patients with NMIBC, 38 (52.7%) had an IL-6/IL-10 of </=0.09 (group A), while 34 (47.3%) had an IL-6/IL-10 of >0.10 (group B). A significant difference between IL-6/IL-10 and status at follow-up was found (p=0.016, df=1, chi(2)=5.800). The Kaplan-Meier curves demonstrated that group B patients had a significantly higher probability  of being recurrence-free than group A patients [p=0.003; recurrence rate (RR)=3.1]. At multivariate analysis, IL-6/IL-10 (p<0.003) and the number of lesions (p<0.001) were identified as independent predictors of BCG response probability. In conclusion, this study highlights the feasible role of IL-6/IL-10 in predicting recurrence following BCG therapy in high-risk NMIBC.

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[1047]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Identification of prostate-specific G-protein coupled receptor as a tumor antigen recognized by CD8(+) T cells for cancer immunotherapy.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - PLoS One. 2012;7(9):e45756. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045756. Epub 2012 Sep 20.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1371/journal.pone.0045756

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Matsueda S; Wang M; Weng J; Li Y; Yin B; Zou J; Li Q; Zhao W; Peng W; Legras X; Loo C; Wang RF; Wang HY

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Prostate cancer is the most common cancer among elderly men in the US, and immunotherapy has been shown to be a promising strategy to treat patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Efforts to identify novel prostate specific tumor antigens will facilitate the development of effective cancer vaccines against prostate cancer. Prostate-specific G-protein coupled receptor (PSGR) is a novel antigen that has been shown to be specifically over-expressed in human prostate cancer tissues. In this study, we describe the identification of PSGR-derived peptide epitopes recognized by CD8(+) T cells in an HLA-A2 dependent manner. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Twenty-one PSGR-derived peptides were predicted by an immuno-informatics approach based on the HLA-A2 binding motif. These peptides were examined for their ability to induce peptide-specific T cell responses in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) obtained from either HLA-A2(+) healthy donors or HLA-A2(+) prostate cancer patients. The recognition of HLA-A2 positive and PSGR expressing LNCaP cells was also tested. Among the 21 PSGR-derived peptides, three peptides, PSGR3, PSGR4 and PSGR14 frequently induced peptide-specific T cell responses in PBMCs from both healthy donors and prostate cancer patients. Importantly, these peptide-specific T cells recognized and killed LNCaP prostate cancer cells in an  HLA class I-restricted manner. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: We have identified three novel HLA-A2-restricted PSGR-derived peptides recognized by CD8(+) T cells, which, in turn, recognize HLA-A2(+) and PSGR(+) tumor cells. The PSGR-derived peptides identified may be used as diagnostic markers as well as immune targets for development of anticancer vaccines.

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[1048]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Editorial comment to impact of pre-implant lower urinary tract symptoms on postoperative urinary morbidity after permanent prostate brachytherapy.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Int J Urol. 2012 Dec;19(12):1090. doi: 10.1111/iju.12018.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1111/iju.12018

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Mabjeesh NJ

 

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[1049]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Zoledronic acid enhances the effect of radiotherapy for bone metastases from renal cell carcinomas: more than a 24-month median follow-up.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Orthop Sci. 2012 Nov;17(6):770-4. doi: 10.1007/s00776-012-0294-9. Epub 2012 Oct 2.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s00776-012-0294-9

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Takeda N; Isu K; Hiraga H; Shinohara N; Minami A; Kamata H

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Hokuto Endowed Chair in Prevention of Joint Disease, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 5, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan. takedan@hs.hokudai.ac.jp

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is thought to respond unreliably to radiotherapy (RT). Zoledronic acid significantly reduces the risk of skeletal complications. This study investigated whether RT with zoledronic acid prolonged  the time to bone-lesion progression in comparison with RT alone. METHOD: Twenty-seven patients (34 lesions) with bone metastases secondary to RCC undergoing treatment with RT with or without zoledronic acid were retrospectively evaluated at two institutions between 1999 and 2009. Twelve patients were treated with RT alone from 1999 to 2008 (RT group). Fifteen patients were treated with RT and zoledronic acid from 2006 to 2009 (RT + Z group). The time to skeletal-related events and pain progression were assessed from patients’ medical records. RESULTS: The median (range) follow-up was 26 (3-75) and 24 (3-55) months in the RT and RT + Z groups, respectively. Three patients (three lesions) in the  RT + Z group had skeletal-related events (SREs). In contrast, six patients (eight lesions) in the RT group had SREs. SREs comprised pathological fractures in five, additional surgeries in three, spinal cord or cauda equine compression in two, and repeat RT in one. There was a significant difference in SRE-free survival time and duration of site-specific pain response between groups. CONCLUSIONS: RT  combined with zoledronic acid significantly prolonged SRE-free survival and duration of pain response compared with RT alone in the treatment of osseous metastases from RCC.

 

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[1050]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Are Partin tables suitable for Chinese patients with prostate cancer?

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Chin Med J (Engl). 2012 Nov;125(21):3795-9.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Shen XC; Qiu YQ; Zheng YC; Zhang SZ

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of  Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Recently, the number of patients with prostate cancer who needed to be treated with radical prostatectomy increased rapidly in China. There is still  a difference between clinical staging and the post-operative final pathologic staging; hence, an excellent tool for accurately predicting the pathologic stages of prostate cancer is needed urgently in clinical practice. The Partin tables are the most popular and widely used tool for predicting the pathologic stages of prostate cancer because of its high accuracy and ease of implementation. The aim  of this study was to externally validate the accuracy of the three versions of the Partin tables in predicting the post-operative pathologic stages in Chinese patients with prostate cancer. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the data from 203 patients with prostate cancer who underwent radical prostatectomies between June 2000 and May 2012. The accuracies of the three versions of the Partin tables in predicting the post-operative pathologic stages in Chinese patients with prostate cancer were evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). RESULTS: Using the 1997, 2001, and 2007 Partin tables for predicting the current cases, the AUC of organ confinement (OC) was 0.877, 0.788, and 0.726; the AUC of extracapsular extension (ECE) was 0.525, 0.615, and  0.608; the AUC of seminal vesicle invasion (SVI) was 0.875, 0.649, and 0.820; and the AUC of pelvic lymph node invasion (LNI) was 0.808, 0.758, and 0.735 respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The accuracies of the three versions of Partin tables  in predicting OC, SVI, and LNI were good, especially the 2001 Partin table for SVI. In contrast, the accuracy of the three versions of the Partin tables in predicting ECE was fair. The 1997 Partin table was much better than the 2007 table in predicting OC, and the 2001 table in predicting SVI. The 2007 Partin table did not show any advantages.

 

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[1051]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Multiple factors related to detrusor overactivity in Chinese patients with benign prostate hyperplasia.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Chin Med J (Engl). 2012 Nov;125(21):3778-81.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Liu N; Man LB; He F; Huang GL; Wang H; Li GZ; Wang JW; Lu YW

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing 100035, China. liuliuningning@sina.com

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Detrusor overactivity (DO) is a known cause of lower urinary tract symptoms and occurs in 50% - 75% of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) patients. We sought to investigate the clinical and urodynamic factors that are associated  with the presence of DO in Chinese BPH patients. METHODS: Two hundred and eighty-seven consecutive patients with clinical BPH were retrospectively evaluated in this study. Each patient underwent urodynamic evaluation and completed the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and Quality of Life (QoL) questionnaire. Patients with neurological symptoms or other diseases likely to affect detrusor functions were strictly excluded. The 184 BPH patients included in the study were divided into groups according to the presence of DO as shown in urodynamic tests. Univariate analysis of factors associated with the presence of DO were performed using Student’s t-test and the Mann-Whitney test; multivariate analysis used stepwise Logistic regressions. The relationship between degree of bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) and DO was also investigated using a linear-by-linear association test. RESULTS: Of 184 BPH patients, DO was present in 76 (41.3%). On univariate analysis, patients with DO were older (P = 0.000), and showed smaller maximal bladder capacity (MBC, P = 0.000) and voided volume (P = 0.000), higher maximal detrusor pressure (P = 0.000) and projected isovolumetric pressure (PIP) (P = 0.005), higher Abrams-Griffiths number (P = 0.000) and degree of bladder outlet obstruction (P = 0.000), higher IPSS (P = 0.000) and irritative IPSS subscores (P = 0.000). Stepwise Logistic regression analysis showed that PIP (OR = 1.012, 95% CI 1.002 - 1.023, P = 0.019), age (OR = 1.030, 95%CI 1.005 - 1.067, P = 0.059), and MBC (OR = 0.993, 95%CI 0.990 - 0.996, P = 0.000) were independent risk factors for DO in BPH patients. Linear-by-linear association tests indicated a positive linear association between DO and severity of BOO, with incidence of DO increasing with BOO grade (P = 0.000). CONCLUSIONS:  In Chinese BPH patients, PIP, MBC, and age were independent factors affecting the presence of DO. DO incidence continuously increases with the degree of BOO.

 

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[1052]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Determination of urine tumor necrosis factor, IL-6, IL-8, and serum IL-6 in patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Braz J Infect Dis. 2012 Nov;16(6):527-30. doi: 10.1016/j.bjid.2012.10.002. Epub 2012 Nov 8.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.bjid.2012.10.002

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Fan W; Liu X; Yue J

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China. wanhufan@126.com

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to explore the role of cytokines in the pathogenesis of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). METHODS: Double-antibody sandwich ELISA was used to determine serum interleukin (IL)-6, urine tumor necrosis factor (TNF), IL-6, and IL-8 levels in 56 patients with HFRS. RESULTS: Serum IL-6, urine TNF, IL-6, and IL-8 concentrations in HFRS patients were significantly higher than those in the control group (p<0.001). The concentrations increased at fever stage, then continued to increase during the hypotension stage and peaked at the oliguria stage. The concentrations of serum IL-6, urine TNF, IL-6, and IL-8 increased according to the severity of the disease, and differed greatly among different types of the disease. Serum IL-6 had remarkable relationships with serum specific antibodies. It was positively related to serum beta2-microglobulin (beta2-MG), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine (Cr). Significant positive relationships were also found both between  urine IL-6 and TNF, and between IL-6 and IL-8 (r=0.5768, p<0.05; r=0.3760, p<0.01). CONCLUSION: TNF, IL-6, and IL-8 were activated during the course of the  disease. IL-6 was associated with the immunopathological lesions caused by the hyperfunction of the humoral immune response. IL-6, IL-8 and TNF were involved in renal immune impairment. Determining them might, to a certain extent, be useful in predicting the prognosis and outcome of patients with HFRS.

 

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[1053]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - The changing landscape of treatment options for metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer: challenges and solutions for physicians and patients.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - P T. 2012 Aug;37(8):453-63.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Chrvala CA

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Four recently approved drugs (cabazitaxel, sipuleucel-T, abiraterone, and denosumab), along with emerging therapies, bone-building therapies, hormonal treatments, and immunotherapies, have all demonstrated promise in advanced prostate cancer. It appears that the best outcomes will be achieved from the sequential use of multiple agents.

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[1054]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Severe neurological symptoms in a patient with advanced renal cell carcinoma treated with sunitinib.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Oncol Pharm Pract. 2012 Oct 4.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1177/1078155212457967

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Duchnowska R; Miciuk B; Bodnar L; Wasniewski L; Szczylik C

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Neurological symptoms are uncommon in patients administered sunitinib therapy; however, a few cases of dramatic neurotoxicity attributable to the development of reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome have been reported. Here, we report a case of a 71-year old woman with severe neurological symptoms occurring  during sunitinib therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma. The clinical symptoms were typical for reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome, but  there were no accompanying neuroimaging abnormalities. A Naranjo probability score of 3 indicates the adverse drug reaction was possible, but we discuss other potential causes of this event.

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[1055]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Editorial Comment to Robotic versus laparoscopic partial nephrectomy for tumor in a solitary kidney: A single institution comparative analysis.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Int J Urol. 2012 Nov 6. doi: 10.1111/j.1442-2042.2012.03214.x.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1111/j.1442-2042.2012.03214.x

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Vasdev N; Adshead J

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Hertfordshire & South Bedfordshire Urological Robotic Cancer Centre, Department of Urology, Lister Hospital, Stevenage, UK. nikhilvasdev@doctors.org.uk.

 

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[1056]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Robotic versus laparoscopic partial nephrectomy for tumor in a solitary kidney: A single institution comparative analysis.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Int J Urol. 2012 Nov 6. doi: 10.1111/j.1442-2042.2012.03205.x.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1111/j.1442-2042.2012.03205.x

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Panumatrassamee K; Autorino R; Laydner H; Hillyer S; Khalifeh A; Kassab A; Stein RJ; Haber GP; Kaouk JH

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Center for Laparoscopic and Robotic Surgery, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - OBJECTIVES: To compare the outcomes of robot-assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy and laparoscopic partial nephrectomy for renal tumor in patients with a solitary kidney. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed data of patients with solitary kidney who underwent laparoscopic (n = 52) and robot-assisted (n = 15) partial nephrectomy for renal tumor at Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA, between June 2000 and April 2012. Patient demographic data, perioperative parameters and follow-up data were compared. RESULTS: The two groups were similar in terms of patients and tumor characteristics, including preoperative renal function and etiology of solitary kidney. The median operative time (225 vs 171 min, P = 0.02), warm ischemia time (19 vs 15 min, P = 0.04) and hospital stay (4  vs 3 days, P = 0.03) were significantly shorter in the robotic group. No significant differences were found in terms of estimated blood loss, transfusion, complications, pathological results and margin status. The median percentage change of renal function was not significantly different between two groups. Long-term hemodialysis was required for three patients in the laparoscopic group  (6%) and none of the patients in the robotic group. Median follow up was 15.6 and 5.9 months in the laparoscopic and robotic group, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Robot-assisted partial nephrectomy represents a safe and effective minimally-invasive treatment option for renal masses in patients with a solitary  kidney. Early comparative outcomes suggest that it offers a significant benefit over the laparoscopic approach in terms of operative time, warm ischemia time and hospital stay. Further studies with a longer follow up are required to confirm the likelihood of better long-term functional and oncological outcomes.

 

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[1057]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Adaptation and clonal selection models of castration-resistant prostate cancer: Current perspective.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Int J Urol. 2013 Apr;20(4):362-71. doi: 10.1111/iju.12005. Epub 2012 Nov 19.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1111/iju.12005

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Ahmed M; Li LC

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology and Helen-Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA; Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Prostate cancer is a leading cause of cancer deaths in men worldwide. Management  of the disease has remained a great challenge and even more so is the aggressive  advanced stage with castration-resistant behavior. The mechanisms and timing of development of castration-resistant prostate cancer are unclear and remain debatable. Progression to castration-resistant prostate cancer is undoubtedly multifactorial, with a number of molecular-genetic aberrations implicated. However, a key question that remains unanswered is: when in the evolution of prostate cancer do the changes that confer castration resistance occur? Earlier attempts to address this question led to two proposed models: the “adaptation” and the “clonal selection” models. Although the prevailing hypothesis is the adaptation model, there is recent evidence in favor of the clonal selection model. Clarification of the model development of castration-resistant prostate cancer might significantly alter our diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, and potentially lead to improved outcome of management of this daunting condition. Here we review existing knowledge and current research findings addressing the timing of events in the course of prostate cancer progression to castration-resistant prostate cancer.

 

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[1058]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Presurgical downstaging of vena caval tumor thrombus in advanced clear cell renal cell carcinoma using temsirolimus.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Int J Urol. 2012 Nov 27. doi: 10.1111/iju.12012.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1111/iju.12012

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Sano F; Makiyama K; Tatenuma T; Sakata R; Yamanaka H; Fusayasu S; Nakayama T; Nakaigawa N; Yao M; Kubota Y

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - A 63-year-old man presenting with a 7.2-cm right renal mass, an inferior vena cava tumor thrombus, and pulmonary metastases underwent renal mass biopsy that revealed clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Temsirolimus (25 mg weekly) was given because of the extent of the disease and poor performance status, which resulted  in a marked reduction in the tumor thrombus (from level III to level I) after 20  weeks of treatment. Subsequently, radical nephrectomy and tumor thrombectomy were carried out. Final pathological analysis confirmed the diagnosis of high-grade clear cell carcinoma (pT4N0M1). One year after initiation of temsirolimus therapy, the patient remained alive despite the presence of disease.

 

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[1059]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Virilizing leydig-sertoli cell ovarian tumor associated with endometrioid carcinoma of the endometrium in a postmenopausal patient: case report and general considerations.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Clin Med Insights Case Rep. 2012;5:149-53. doi: 10.4137/CCRep.S10555. Epub 2012 Oct 30.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 4137/CCRep.S10555

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Di Giacinto P; Chioma L; Vancieri G; Guccione L; Cicerone E; Ulisse S; Mariani S; Autore C; Fabbri A; Gnessi L; Moretti C

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Division of Endocrinology, Department of System Medicine, Section of Reproductive Endocrinology University of TorVergata, Fatebenefratelli Hospital (San Giovanni Calibita), Rome, Italy.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - INTRODUCTION: Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors (SLCTs) are rare tumors mostly occurring in young women. Here we report an unusual case of a SLCT with simultaneous occurrence of endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the endometrium in a woman in menopause. CASE REPORT: A 67-year-old woman presented with progressive signs of virilization. Blood tests showed increased levels of testosterone, delta-4-androstenedione, and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). DHEA-sulphate, 17beta-estradiol, estrone, and sex-hormone binding globulin serum levels were within the normal range. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a solid mass of 2.7  x 2.9 cm in the right ovary set against the background of the uterus. The patient underwent bilateral salpingo-oophoretomy with hysterectomy. The mass in the right ovary was a differentiated SLCT. Incidentally, the endometrium revealed an endometrioid adenocacinoma. Following surgical treatment the plasma androgens dropped to normal levels, and signs and symptoms of virilization improved. CONCLUSION: SLCT should be suspected in postmenopausal women who present rapid progressive androgen excess symptoms with hyperandrogenemia.

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[1060]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Genetic polymorphisms in HIF1A are associated with prostate cancer risk in a Chinese population.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Asian J Androl. 2012 Nov;14(6):864-9. doi: 10.1038/aja.2012.101. Epub 2012 Oct 8.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1038/aja.2012.101

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Li P; Cao Q; Shao PF; Cai HZ; Zhou H; Chen JW; Qin C; Zhang ZD; Ju XB; Yin CJ

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - The hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) plays an important role in regulating angiogenesis, which is essential for tumor growth and metastasis. Genetic variations of HIF1A (coding HIF-1alpha) have been shown to influence an individual’s susceptibility to many human tumors; however, evidence on associations between HIF1A single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and prostate cancer (PCa) risk is conflicting. We genotyped three potentially functional polymorphisms in HIF1A (rs11549465, rs11549467 and rs2057482) using the TaqMan method and assessed their associations with PCa risk in a case-control study of 662 PCa patients and 716 controls in a Chinese Han population. Compared with rs11549467 GG genotype, the variant genotypes GA+AA had a significantly increased PCa risk (adjusted odds ratio (OR)=1.70; 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.06-2.72), particularly among older patients (OR=2.01; 95%CI=1.05-3.86), smokers (OR=2.06; 95%CI=1.07-3.99), never drinkers (OR=2.16; 95%CI=1.20-3.86) and patients without  a family history of cancer (OR=1.71; 95%CI=1.02-2.89). Furthermore, patients with rs11549467 variant genotypes were associated with a higher Gleason score (OR=2.14; 95%CI=1.22-3.75). No altered PCa risk was associated with the rs11549465 and rs2057482 polymorphism. However, the combined variant genotypes of rs2057482 and rs11549467 were associated with increased PCa risk (OR=2.10; 95%CI=1.23-3.57 among subjects carrying three or more risk alleles). These results suggest that HIF1A polymorphisms may impact PCa susceptibility and progression in the Chinese Han population.

 

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[1061]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Changes in quality of life among prostate cancer patients after surgery.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Cancer Nurs. 2012 Nov-Dec;35(6):476-82. doi: 10.1097/NCC.0b013e3182427912.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1097/NCC.0b013e3182427912

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Lin YH; Yu TJ; Lin VC; Yang MS; Kao CC

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Nursing Department, I-Shou University, No. 8, Yida Rd, Yanchao Township, Kaohsiung County 82445, Republic of China. lin2368@isu.edu.tw

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Quality of life (QoL) often is impacted after radical prostatectomy (RP) procedures. Although patients’ QoL scores gradually improve after RP, changes in the QoL score over time after different RP procedures must be examined. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the changes in QoL over time of prostate cancer patients who were treated with open RP (ORP) or laparoscopic RP (LRP) procedures. METHODS: A longitudinal study design was used.  A convenient sample of 67 prostate cancer patients was recruited after RP (ORP =  34, LRP = 33). QoL scores were assessed at 1, 3, and 6 months after RP using the  University of California, Los Angeles, Prostate Cancer Index (UCLA-PCI). RESULTS: With respect to the PCI mean score between the ORP and LRP groups, there were significant differences in overall PCI and urinary function at time 1 (1 month after RP). However, a mixed-design analysis of covariance on the overall PCI of the 2 groups over time indicated that, after controlling for nerve sparing, there were significant differences in the main effects for group and time, but no interaction effect. CONCLUSION: Results indicated that all patients’ QoL scores improved over time. Laparoscopic RP patients’ overall scores were better than ORP patients’ scores, but this may be due to unmeasured preoperative differences in this nonrandom sample, and thus, these findings cannot be attributed to treatment differences alone. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Patients’ QoL after either RP surgery is likely to drop but is regained by 6 months. This information should be given to patients undergoing RP who are deciding between various RP procedures.

 

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[1062]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Fatal liver failure in a patient treated with sunitinib for renal cell carcinoma.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Clin Genitourin Cancer. 2013 Mar;11(1):70-2. doi: 10.1016/j.clgc.2012.09.005. Epub 2012 Oct 12.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.clgc.2012.09.005

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Mermershtain W; Lazarev I; Shani-Shrem N; Ariad S

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Departments of Oncology, Soroka Medical Center and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva, Israel.

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[1063]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Targeting the oncogenic E3 ligase Skp2 in prostate and breast cancer cells with a novel energy restriction-mimetic agent.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - PLoS One. 2012;7(10):e47298. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047298. Epub 2012 Oct 12.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1371/journal.pone.0047298

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Wei S; Chu PC; Chuang HC; Hung WC; Kulp SK; Chen CS

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio  State University, Columbus, OH, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Substantial evidence supports the oncogenic role of the E3 ubiquitin ligase S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (Skp2) in many types of cancers through its ability to target a broad range of signaling effectors for ubiquitination. Thus,  this oncogenic E3 ligase represents an important target for cancer drug discovery. In this study, we report a novel mechanism by which CG-12, a novel energy restriction-mimetic agent (ERMA), down-regulates the expression of Skp2 in prostate cancer cells. Pursuant to our previous finding that upregulation of beta-transducin repeat-containing protein (beta-TrCP) expression represents a cellular response in cancer cells to ERMAs, including CG-12 and 2-deoxyglucose, we demonstrated that this beta-TrCP accumulation resulted from decreased Skp2 expression. Evidence indicates that Skp2 targets beta-TrCP for degradation via the cyclin-dependent kinase 2-facilitated recognition of the proline-directed phosphorylation motif (412)SP. This Skp2 downregulation was attributable to Sirt1-dependent suppression of COP9 signalosome (Csn)5 expression in response to  CG-12, leading to increased cullin 1 neddylation in the Skp1-cullin1-F-box protein complex and consequent Skp2 destabilization. Moreover, we determined that Skp2 and beta-TrCP are mutually regulated, providing a feedback mechanism that amplifies the suppressive effect of ERMAs on Skp2. Specifically, cellular accumulation of beta-TrCP reduced the expression of Sp1, a beta-TrCP substrate, which, in turn, reduced Skp2 gene expression. This Skp2-beta-TrCP-Sp1 feedback loop represents a novel crosstalk mechanism between these two important F-box proteins in cancer cells with aberrant Skp2 expression under energy restriction,  which provides a proof-of-concept that the oncogenic Csn5/Skp2 signaling axis represents a “druggable” target for this novel ERMA.

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[1064]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Chronic myeloid leukemia detected on FDG PET/CT imaging in a patient with renal cell carcinoma.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Rev Esp Med Nucl. Acceso gratuito al texto completo a partir de los 2 años de la fecha de publicación.

            ●● Enlace a la Editora de la Revista db.doyma.es/ 

            ●● Cita: Revista Española de Medicina Nuclear: <> Imagen Mol. 2013 Jan;32(1):43-5. doi: 10.1016/j.remn.2012.04.004. Epub 2012 May 30.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.remn.2012.04.004

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Varoglu E; Kaya B; Sari O

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Konya University, Meram Medical Faculty, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Konya, Turkey.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - It is well known that hematopoietic cytokine stimulation can cause increased fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) accumulation in bone marrow on PET/CT imaging, which simulates that seen in patients with bone marrow metastases. However, increased bone marrow FDG uptake can be caused by other etiologies. We report a patient with operated renal cell carcinoma had no history of hematopoietic cytokine stimulation. The FDG PET/CT images showed increased bone marrow FDG uptake, and the patient was diagnosed as chronic myeloid leukemia. This case revealed that increased FDG uptake on bone marrow may be related to neoplastic disease of the hematopoietic tissues.

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[1065]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Reproducibility, performance, and clinical utility of a genetic risk prediction model for prostate cancer in Japanese.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - PLoS One. 2012;7(10):e46454. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046454. Epub 2012 Oct 10.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1371/journal.pone.0046454

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Akamatsu S; Takahashi A; Takata R; Kubo M; Inoue T; Morizono T; Tsunoda T; Kamatani N; Haiman CA; Wan P; Chen GK; Le Marchand L; Kolonel LN; Henderson BE; Fujioka T; Habuchi T; Nakamura Y; Ogawa O; Nakagawa H

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Laboratory for Biomarker Development, Center for Genomic Medicine, RIKEN, Tokyo,  Japan.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Prostate specific antigen (PSA) is widely used as a diagnostic biomarker for prostate cancer (PC). However, due to its low predictive performance, many patients without PC suffer from the harms of unnecessary prostate needle biopsies. The present study aims to evaluate the reproducibility and performance  of a genetic risk prediction model in Japanese and estimate its utility as a diagnostic biomarker in a clinical scenario. We created a logistic regression model incorporating 16 SNPs that were significantly associated with PC in a genome-wide association study of Japanese population using 689 cases and 749 male controls. The model was validated by two independent sets of Japanese samples comprising 3,294 cases and 6,281 male controls. The areas under curve (AUC) of the model were 0.679, 0.655, and 0.661 for the samples used to create the model and those used for validation. The AUCs were not significantly altered in samples with PSA 1-10 ng/ml. 24.2% and 9.7% of the patients had odds ratio <0.5 (low risk) or >2 (high risk) in the model. Assuming the overall positive rate of prostate needle biopsies to be 20%, the positive biopsy rates were 10.7% and 42.4% for the low and high genetic risk groups respectively. Our genetic risk prediction model for PC was highly reproducible, and its predictive performance was not influenced by PSA. The model could have a potential to affect clinical decision when it is applied to patients with gray-zone PSA, which should be confirmed in future clinical studies.

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[1066]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Co-morbid medical conditions and medical complications of prostate cancer in Southern Nigeria.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Med J Malaysia. 2012 Aug;67(4):412-6.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Sapira MK; Onwuchekwa AC; Onwuchekwa CR

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Department of Surgery, 3 Wogu Close, Port Harcourt, Rivers State 234, Nigeria. drmondayksapira@yahoo.com

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Prostate cancer often co-exists with other diseases. It accounts for  11% of all cancers in Nigerian men, and it is the commonest cause of mortality due to cancer in elderly males in Nigeria. OBJECTIVE: To present co-morbid medical conditions and medical complications of prostate cancer in patients with  the disease in Southern Nigeria. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study was carried out  prospectively (2002 to 2003) at University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH), and Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital (NAUTH) Nnewi- both in Southern Nigeria. Using common proforma, patients who presented to the urology units of the two teaching hospitals were evaluated clinically and with relevant investigations for prostate cancer and other diseases. Those with histologically  confirmed prostate cancer were included in this study. Data was also collected retrospectively by using the same proforma to obtain information from case files  of 37 patients diagnosed with prostate cancer at UPTH. Data from the two institutions were collated and analysed. RESULTS: Of 189 cases analysed, 73.4% had significant medical co-morbid diseases/complications. These included anaemia  (69.8%), urinary tract infection (56.1%), chronic renal failure (33.9%), hypertension (41.8%), diabetes mellitus (9.5%), paraplegia (9.5%), congestive cardiac failure (9.0%) and cerebrovascular disease (5.3%). CONCLUSION/RECOMMENDATIONS: These patients had high disease burden. Improved health education and well coordinated interdisciplinary team work are suggested in managing this malignancy.

 

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[1067]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - ERG immunohistochemistry and clinicopathologic characteristics in Korean prostate adenocarcinoma patients.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Korean J Pathol. 2012 Oct;46(5):423-8. doi: 10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2012.46.5.423.  Epub 2012 Oct 25.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 4132/KoreanJPathol.2012.46.5.423

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Suh JH; Park JW; Lee C; Moon KC

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Transmembrane protease serine 2-ETS related gene (TMPRSS2-ERG) gene fusion, the most common genetic alternation in prostate cancer, is associated with protein expression of the oncogene ERG. Recently, an immunohistochemical staining method using an anti-ERG antibody was shown to have a strong correlation with altered ERG protein expression. METHODS: We analyzed a total of 303 radical  prostatectomy specimens (obtained from Korean prostate cancer cases) using a constructed tissue microarray and ERG immunohistochemical staining. Thereafter, we evaluated the association between ERG expression and clinicopathological factors. RESULTS: The ERG-positive rate was 24.4% (74/303) and significantly higher ERG expression was observed in the subgroup with a lower Gleason score (p=0.004). Analysis of the histologic pattern of prostate adenocarcinomas revealed that tumors with discrete glandular units (Gleason pattern 3) displayed  higher frequency of ERG expression (p=0.016). The ERG-positive rate was lower than that found (approximately 50%) in studies involving western populations. Other factors including age, tumor volume, initial protein-specific antigen level, a pathological stage and margin status were not significantly related with the ERG expression. CONCLUSIONS: ERG immunohistochemical staining is significantly higher in tumors with well-formed glands and is associated with a lower Gleason score.

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[1068]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Hypofractionated helical intensity-modulated radiotherapy of the prostate bed after prostatectomy with or without the pelvic lymph nodes - the PRIAMOS trial.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - BMC Cancer. 2012 Oct 31;12:504. doi: 10.1186/1471-2407-12-504.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1186/1471-2407-12-504

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Krause S; Sterzing F; Neuhof D; Edler L; Debus J; Herfarth K

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer  Feld 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany. sonja.krause@med.uni-heidelberg.de

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: While evidence on safety and efficacy of primary hypofractionated radiotherapy in prostate cancer is accumulating, data on postoperative hypofractionated treatment of the prostate bed and of the pelvic lymph nodes is still scarce. This phase II trial was initiated to investigate safety and feasibility of hypofractionated treatment of the prostate bed alone or with the pelvic lymph nodes. METHODS/DESIGN: A total of 80 prostate cancer patients with the indication for adjuvant radiotherapy will be enrolled, where 40 patients with a low risk of lymph node involvement (arm 1) and another 40 patients with a high  risk of lymph node involvement (arm 2) will each receive 54 Gy in 18 fractions to the prostate bed. Arm 2 will be given 45 Gy to the pelvic lymph nodes additionally. Helical Tomotherapy and daily image guidance will be used. DISCUSSION: This trial was initiated to substantiate data on hypofractionated treatment of the prostate bed and generate first data on adjuvant hypofractionated radiotherapy of the pelvic lymph nodes. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov; NCT01620710.

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[1069]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Comparison of optical and power Doppler ultrasound imaging for non-invasive evaluation of arsenic trioxide as a vascular disrupting agent in tumors.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - PLoS One. 2012;7(9):e46106. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046106. Epub 2012 Sep 28.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1371/journal.pone.0046106

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Alhasan MK; Liu L; Lewis MA; Magnusson J; Mason RP

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States of America.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Small animal imaging provides diverse methods for evaluating tumor growth and acute response to therapy. This study compared the utility of non-invasive optical and ultrasound imaging to monitor growth of three diverse human tumor xenografts (brain U87-luc-mCherry, mammary MCF7-luc-mCherry, and prostate PC3-luc) growing in nude mice. Bioluminescence imaging (BLI), fluorescence imaging (FLI), and Power Doppler ultrasound (PD US) were then applied to examine  acute vascular disruption following administration of arsenic trioxide (ATO).During initial tumor growth, strong correlations were found between manual  caliper measured tumor volume and FLI intensity, BLI intensity following luciferin injection, and traditional B-mode US. Administration of ATO to established U87 tumors caused significant vascular shutdown within 2 hrs at all doses in the range 5 to 10 mg/kg in a dose dependant manner, as revealed by depressed bioluminescent light emission. At lower doses substantial recovery was  seen within 4 hrs. At 8 mg/kg there was >85% reduction in tumor vascular perfusion, which remained depressed after 6 hrs, but showed some recovery after 24 hrs. Similar response was observed in MCF7 and PC3 tumors. Dynamic BLI and PD  US each showed similar duration and percent reductions in tumor blood flow, but FLI showed no significant changes during the first 24 hrs.The results provide further evidence for comparable utility of optical and ultrasound imaging for monitoring tumor growth, More specifically, they confirm the utility of BLI and ultrasound imaging as facile assays of the vascular disruption in solid tumors based on ATO as a model agent.

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[1070]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Predictive value of Sp1/Sp3/FLIP signature for prostate cancer recurrence.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - PLoS One. 2012;7(9):e44917. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044917. Epub 2012 Sep 13.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1371/journal.pone.0044917

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Bedolla RG; Gong J; Prihoda TJ; Yeh IT; Thompson IM; Ghosh R; Kumar AP

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Prediction of prostate cancer prognosis is challenging and predictive biomarkers  of recurrence remain elusive. Although prostate specific antigen (PSA) has high sensitivity (90%) at a PSA level of 4.0 ng/mL, its low specificity leads to many  false positive results and considerable overtreatment of patients and its performance at lower ranges is poor. Given the histopathological and molecular heterogeneity of prostate cancer, we propose that a panel of markers will be a better tool than a single marker. We tested a panel of markers composed of the anti-apoptotic protein FLIP and its transcriptional regulators Sp1 and Sp3 using  prostate tissues from 64 patients with recurrent and non-recurrent cancer who underwent radical prostatectomy as primary treatment for prostate cancer and were followed with PSA measurements for at least 5 years. Immunohistochemical staining for Sp1, Sp3, and FLIP was performed on these tissues and scored based on the proportion and intensity of staining. The predictive value of the FLIP/Sp1/Sp3 signature for clinical outcome (recurrence vs. non-recurrence) was explored with  logistic regression, and combinations of FLIP/Sp1/Sp3 and Gleason score were analyzed with a stepwise (backward and forward) logistic model. The discrimination of the markers was identified by sensitivity-specificity analysis  and the diagnostic value of FLIP/Sp1/Sp3 was determined using area under the curve (AUC) for receiver operator characteristic curves. The AUCs for FLIP, Sp1,  Sp3, and Gleason score for predicting PSA failure and non-failure were 0.71, 0.66, 0.68, and 0.76, respectively. However, this increased to 0.93 when combined. Thus, the “biomarker signature” of FLIP/Sp1/Sp3 combined with Gleason score predicted disease recurrence and stratified patients who are likely to benefit from more aggressive treatment.

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[1071]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Clinical studies applying cytokine-induced killer cells for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Clin Dev Immunol. 2012;2012:473245. doi: 10.1155/2012/473245. Epub 2012 Nov 6.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1155/2012/473245

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Jakel CE; Hauser S; Rogenhofer S; Muller SC; Brossart P; Schmidt-Wolf IG

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Internal Medicine III, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Universitatsklinikum Bonn, Sigmund Freud Strasse 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) seems to be resistant to conventional chemo- and radiotherapy and the general treatment regimen of cytokine therapy produces only modest responses while inducing severe side effects. Nowadays standard of care is the treatment with VEGF-inhibiting agents or mTOR inhibition; nevertheless, immunotherapy can induce complete remissions and long-term survival in selected patients. Among different adoptive lymphocyte therapies, cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells have a particularly advantageous profile as these cells are easily available, have a high proliferative rate, and exhibit a high antitumor activity. Here, we reviewed clinical studies applying CIK cells, either alone or with standard therapies, for the treatment of RCC. The adverse events in all studies were mild, transient, and easily controllable. In vitro studies revealed an increased antitumor activity of peripheral lymphocytes of participants after CIK cell treatment and CIK cell therapy was able to induce complete clinical responses in RCC patients. The combination of CIK cell therapy  and standard therapy was superior to standard therapy alone. These studies suggest that CIK cell immunotherapy is a safe and competent treatment strategy for RCC patients and further studies should investigate different treatment combinations and schedules for optimal application of CIK cells.

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[1072]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Histone deacetylase inhibitors induce epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in prostate cancer cells.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - PLoS One. 2012;7(9):e45045. Epub 2012 Sep 14.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1371/journal.pone.0045045

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Kong D; Ahmad A; Bao B; Li Y; Banerjee S; Sarkar FH

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Pathology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Clinical experience of histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs) in patients with solid tumors has been disappointing; however, the molecular mechanism of treatment failure is not known. Therefore, we sought to investigate the molecular mechanism of treatment failure of HDACIs in the present study. We found that HDACIs Trichostatin A (TSA) and Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) could induce epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype in prostate cancer (PCa) cells, which was associated with changes in cellular morphology consistent  with increased expression of transcription factors ZEB1, ZEB2 and Slug, and mesenchymal markers such as vimentin, N-cadherin and Fibronectin. CHIP assay showed acetylation of histone 3 on proximal promoters of selected genes, which was in part responsible for increased expression of EMT markers. Moreover, TSA treatment led to further increase in the expression of Sox2 and Nanog in PCa cells with EMT phenotype, which was associated with cancer stem-like cell (CSLC)  characteristics consistent with increased cell motility. Our results suggest that HDACIs alone would lead to tumor aggressiveness, and thus strategies for reverting EMT-phenotype to mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET) phenotype or the reversal of CSLC characteristics prior to the use of HDACIs would be beneficial to realize the value of HDACIs for the treatment of solid tumors especially PCa.

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[1073]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Impact of two common xeroderma pigmentosum group D (XPD) gene polymorphisms on risk of prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - PLoS One. 2012;7(9):e44756. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044756. Epub 2012 Sep 21.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1371/journal.pone.0044756

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Mi Y; Zhang L; Feng N; Wu S; You X; Shao H; Dai F; Peng T; Qin F; Zou J; Zhu L

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: DNA repair genes (EG: xeroderma pigmentosum group D, XPD) may affect  the capacity of encoded DNA repair enzymes to effectively remove DNA adducts or lesions, which may result in enhanced cancer risk. The association between XPD gene polymorphisms and the susceptibility of prostate cancer (PCa) was inconsistent in previous studies. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: A meta-analysis based on 9 independent case-control studies involving 3165 PCa patients and 3539  healthy controls for XPD Gln751Lys SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) and 2555  cases and 3182 controls for Asn312Asp SNP was performed to address this association. Meanwhile, odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to evaluate this relationship. Statistical analysis was performed with STATA10.0. No significant association was found between XPD Gln751Lys SNP and PCa risk. On the other hand, in subgroup analysis based on ethnicity, associations were observed in Asian (eg. Asn vs. Asp: OR = 1.34, 95%CI = 1.16-1.55; Asn/Asn+Asn/Asp vs. Asp/Asp: OR = 1.23, 95%CI = 1.07-1.42) and African (eg. Asn vs. Asp: OR = 1.31, 95%CI = 1.01-1.70; Asn/Asn vs. Asp/Asp: OR = 1.71, 95%CI = 1.03-7.10) populations for Asn312Asp SNP. Moreover, similar associations were detected in hospital-based controls studies; the frequency of Asn/Asn genotype in early stage of PCa men was poorly higher than those in advanced stage of PCa men  (OR = 1.45, 95%CI = 1.00-2.11). CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Our investigations demonstrate that XPD Asn312Asp SNP not the Gln751Lys SNP, might poorly increase PCa risk in Asians and Africans, moreover, this SNPs may associate with the tumor stage of PCa. Further studies based on larger sample size and gene-environment interactions should be conducted to determine the role of XPD gene polymorphisms  in PCa risk.

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[1074]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Promising Urinary Protein Biomarkers for the Early Detection of Hepatocellular Carcinoma among High-Risk Hepatitis C Virus Egyptian Patients.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Cancer. 2012;3:390-403. doi: 10.7150/jca.4280. Epub 2012 Sep 18.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 7150/jca.4280

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Abdalla MA; Haj-Ahmad Y

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Centre for Biotechnology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Hepatocellular Carcinoma is a major healthcare problem, representing the third most common cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. There are 130 million Hepatitis C virus infected patients worldwide who are at a high-risk for developing Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Due to the fact that reliable parameters and/or tools for the early detection of Hepatocellular Carcinoma among high-risk  individuals are severely lacking, Hepatocellular Carcinoma patients are always diagnosed at a late stage where surgical solutions or effective treatment are not possible. Urine was collected from 106 Hepatitis C infected patients patients, 32 of whom had already developed Hepatocellular Carcinoma and 74 patients who were diagnosed as Hepatocellular Carcinoma -free at the time of initial sample collection. In addition to these patients, urine samples were also collected from 12 healthy control individuals. Total urinary proteins were isolated from the urine samples and LC-MS/MS was used to identify potential protein HCC biomarker candidates. This was followed by validating relative expression levels of proteins present in urine among all the patients using quantitative real time-PCR. This approach revealed that significant over-expression of three proteins: DJ-1, Chromatin Assembly Factor-1 (CAF-1) and Heat Shock Protein 60 (HSP60), was a characteristic event among Hepatocellular Carcinoma - post Hepatitis C virus infected patients. As a single-based Hepatocellular Carcinoma biomarker, CAF-1 over-expression identified Hepatocellular Carcinoma among Hepatitis C virus infected patients with a specificity of 90%, sensitivity of 66% and with an overall diagnostic accuracy of 78%. Moreover, the CAF-1/HSP60 tandem  identified Hepatocellular Carcinoma among Hepatitis C virus infected patients with a specificity of 92%, sensitivity of 61% and with an overall diagnostic accuracy of 77%.

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[1075]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Phospho-Akt immunoreactivity in prostate cancer: relationship to disease severity and outcome, Ki67 and phosphorylated EGFR expression.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - PLoS One. 2012;7(10):e47994. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047994. Epub 2012 Oct 25.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1371/journal.pone.0047994

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Hammarsten P; Cipriano M; Josefsson A; Stattin P; Egevad L; Granfors T; Fowler CJ

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umea University, Umea, Sweden.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: In the present study, we have investigated the prognostic usefulness  of phosphorylated Akt immunoreactivity (pAkt-IR) in prostate cancer using a well-characterised tissue microarray from men who had undergone transurethral resection due to lower urinary tract symptoms. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: pAkt-IR in prostate epithelial and tumour cells was assessed using a monoclonal anti-pAkt (Ser(473)) antibody. Immunoreactive intensity was determined for 282 (tumour) and 240 (non-malignant tissue) cases. Tumour pAkt-IR scores correlated with Gleason score, tumour Ki67-IR (a marker of cell proliferation) and tumour phosphorylated epidermal growth factor receptor (pEGFR)-IR. For cases followed with expectancy, a high tumour pAkt-IR was associated with a poor disease-specific survival, and the prognostic information provided by this biomarker was additive to that provided by either (but not both) tumour pEFGR-IR  or Ki67-IR. Upon division of the cases with respect to their Gleason scores, the  prognostic value of pAkt-IR was seen for patients with Gleason score 8-10, but not for patients with Gleason score 6-7. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Tumour pAkt-IR is associated with both disease severity and disease-specific survival. However,  its clinical use as a biomarker is limited, since it does not provide prognostic  information in patients with Gleason scores 6-7.

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[1076]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Reduced expression of microRNA-100 confers unfavorable prognosis in patients with bladder cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Diagn Pathol. 2012 Nov 22;7:159. doi: 10.1186/1746-1596-7-159.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1186/1746-1596-7-159

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Wang S; Xue S; Dai Y; Yang J; Chen Z; Fang X; Zhou W; Wu W; Li Q

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, People’s Republic of China. wangshenganhui@126.com

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - OBJECTIVE: MicroRNA-100 (miR-100) has been demonstrated to be downregulated in bladder cancer tissues, and enforced expression of this miRNA may inhibit cell growth and colony formation of human bladder cancer 5637 cells in vitro. However, the clinical significance of miR-100 in human bladder cancer has not yet been elucidated. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic and prognostic values of miR-100 in this disease. METHODS: Expression levels of miR-100 in 126 pairs of bladder cancer and adjacent normal tissues were detected  by TaqMan real-time quantitative RT-PCR assay. In order to determine its prognostic value, overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were  evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and multivariate analysis was performed  using the Cox proportional hazard analysis. RESULTS: Expression levels of miR-100 in bladder cancer tissues were significantly lower than those in adjacent normal  tissues (mean expression level: 2.6 +/- 1.2 vs. 3.9 +/- 1.5, P < 0.001). When categorized into low vs. high expression, low miR-100 expression was negatively associated with the stage (P = 0.01), the recurrence (P = 0.008), the progression (P = 0.01), and the death (P < 0.001) of patients with bladder cancer. Moreover,  low miR-100 expression clearly predicted poorer PFS (P = 0.001) and OS (P < 0.001). In the multivariate analysis, low miR-100 expression was an independent prognostic factor for both PFS (P = 0.01) and OS (P = 0.008). CONCLUSION: Our data offer the convincing evidence that miR-100 may play an important role in the progression of bladder cancer and that the reduced expression of this miRNA may be independently associated with shorter PFS and OS of patients, suggesting that  miR-100 might be a potential marker for further risk stratification in the treatment of this cancer. VIRTUAL SLIDES: The virtual slides’ for this article can be found here: diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/1105483419841671.

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[1077]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Quality of Life in Patients With Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: Assessment of Long-Term Survivors.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Clin Genitourin Cancer. 2012 Oct 8. pii: S1558-7673(12)00181-4. doi: 10.1016/j.clgc.2012.09.006.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.clgc.2012.09.006

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Carmichael C; Yuh BE; Sun V; Lau C; Hsu J; Saikia J; Liu X; Wilson T; Ferrell B; Pal SK

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Medical Oncology and Experimental Therapeutics, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: An emerging literature describes the potential for long-term survival with targeted agents, but the health-related quality of life (HR-QOL) in patients who receive chronic therapy with these agents is poorly defined. METHODS: From an institutional database including 562 patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC), patients were identified who (1) were alive 3 years beyond initiation of systemic therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) and (2) received a targeted therapy as a component of their treatment. European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 36 (QLQ-C30) and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Kidney Symptom Index (FKSI-15) questionnaires were administered by telephone survey. Data from questionnaires were compared with historical estimates derived from pivotal studies evaluating targeted agents. RESULTS: A total of 38 patients met eligibility criteria for the study, and 28 patients participated in the telephone survey. Most were male patients and had clear cell histologic type (75% for both). All patients had either good- or intermediate-risk disease by Heng criteria. The mean QLQ-C30 Global QOL score in the present cohort was higher than the mean score among patients evaluated at baseline in the phase III evaluations of pazopanib (73.5 vs. 65.8; P = .07) and everolimus (73.5 vs. 61.0; P = .007). The FKSI-15 score in the present cohort was similar to the mean score among patients evaluated at baseline in the phase III evaluation of sunitinib (45.1 and 46.5, respectively; P = .41). CONCLUSION: In this small pilot study, long-term survivors with mRCC who  received targeted therapies appear to have an HR-QOL comparable to that of patients who participated in relevant phase III studies. Given the many emerging  treatment options for mRCC, the HR-QOL of long-term survivors warrants greater attention.

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[1078]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Emphysematous cystitis following a transrectal needle guided biopsy of the prostate.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - BMC Infect Dis. 2012 Nov 26;12:322. doi: 10.1186/1471-2334-12-322.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1186/1471-2334-12-322

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Hashimoto T; Namiki K; Tanaka A; Shimodaira K; Gondo T; Tachibana M

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Emphysematous cystitis (EC) is a comparatively rare urinary tract infection characterized by air within the bladder wall and lumen and is usually associated with immunosuppression or poorly controlled diabetes mellitus. CASE PRESENTATION: We report a case of EC in a 70-year-old man who recently underwent  transrectal ultrasound needle-guided prostate biopsy, after which he underwent pylorogastrectomy. He did not have any history of diabetes mellitus or any immunosuppressive disease. The patient developed severe sepsis, requiring intravenous antibiotics and urinary catheterization. Despite therapy, the patient developed disseminated intravascular coagulopathy and acute respiratory distress  syndrome. Therefore, he was admitted to the intensive care unit, antibiotic coverage was broadened, and danaparoid sodium and sivelestat sodium hydrate was administered. After 20 days, the patient’s condition improved, and on the 28th day, the patient was discharged to home in a good condition without any sequelae. CONCLUSION: Prompt diagnosis and treatment are warranted to prevent potential morbidity of and mortality in cases of EC.

 

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[1079]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Is the Pretreatment Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio an Important Prognostic Parameter in Patients with Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma?

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Clin Genitourin Cancer. 2012 Oct 16. pii: S1558-7673(12)00176-0. doi: 10.1016/j.clgc.2012.09.001.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.clgc.2012.09.001

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Cetin B; Berk V; Kaplan MA; Afsar B; Tufan G; Ozkan M; Isikdogan A; Benekli M; Coskun U; Buyukberber S

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey. Electronic address: caretta06@hotmail.com.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Tyrosine kinase inhibitor is a standard treatment for mRCC. The NLR,  an index of systemic inflammation, is associated with outcome in several cancer types. To study the association of pretreatment NLR with PFS and overall survival (OS) of patients treated with VEGF-targeted therapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We retrospectively studied an unselected cohort of patients with mRCC, who were treated with TKIs. Kaplan-Meier and log-rank analyses were employed on PFS and OS and multivariate Cox proportional hazard model analyzed clinical parameters for their prognostic relevance. RESULTS: A total of 100 patients with mRCC who had early progressed after first-line therapy with interferon-alpha were included in  this retrospective multicenter study conducted at 4 centers between February 2008 and December 2011. The median of the NLR was 3.04 and patients were divided into  2 higher and lower NLR groups according to median of NLR. Median PFS was 9 versus 11 months in patients with baseline NLR > 3.04 versus </= 3.04 (P = .009). The median OS was 16 months versus 29 months, in patients with NLR > 3.04 versus </=  3.04, respectively (P = .004). In the whole group OS was independently associated with higher NLR (hazard ratio [HR], 2.406; P = .004), PFS more than 6 months (HR, 4.081; P = .0001), and sex (HR, 2.342; P = .040). On the other hand in the higher NLR group (HR, 1.107; P = .009) Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center score (HR, 3.398; P = .0001) was associated with PFS. CONCLUSION: In patients with mRCC treated with VEGF-targeted therapy, pretreatment NLR, the duration of PFS might be associated with OS. This should be investigated prospectively.

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[1080]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Significance of plasma osteopontin levels in patients with bladder urothelial carcinomas.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Mol Diagn Ther. 2012 Oct;16(5):311-6. doi: 10.1007/s40291-012-0005-4.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s40291-012-0005-4

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Zhao L; Wang Y; Qu N; Huang C; Chen L

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Previous studies have suggested that the plasma level of osteopontin may be a biomarker for cancer metastases and clinical prognosis; however, its role in bladder urothelial carcinoma (BUC) remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to explore the significance of plasma osteopontin levels in evaluating the pathologic features of BUC and its potential as a prognostic marker in BUC patients. METHODS: A total of 225 patients with BUC were enrolled in this study, and 230 age-matched and sex-matched healthy volunteers were enrolled as control subjects. The histologic classification of BUC, clinical stage of the disease, and plasma osteopontin levels were determined at admission. Patients with non-muscle-invasive BUC underwent transurethral resection, while those with muscle-invasive BUC underwent radical cystectomy. Patients receiving transurethral resection and radical cystectomy were followed up to determine their tumor-free interval and overall survival, respectively. RESULTS: The mean plasma osteopontin levels were significantly higher in BUC patients than in controls, significantly higher in patients with high-grade BUC than in those with low-grade BUC, and significantly higher in patients with muscle-invasive BUC than in those with non-muscle-invasive BUC. Patients with bladder-confined disease had the lowest osteopontin levels, while those with lymph node-positive disease had higher osteopontin levels, and those with metastatic BUC had the highest osteopontin expression. Kaplan-Meier analyses showed that a higher plasma osteopontin level was associated with a lower overall survival rate in muscle-invasive BUC patients receiving radical cystectomy. CONCLUSION: Our results show that the plasma osteopontin level is associated with the clinical features of BUC and predicts the prognosis of muscle-invasive BUC in patients receiving radical cystectomy.

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[1081]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Risk factors associated with positive surgical margins following radical prostatectomy for clinically localized prostate cancer: Can nerve-sparing surgery increase the risk?

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Scand J Urol. 2012 Nov 27.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 3109/00365599.2012.749425

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Roder MA; Thomsen FB; Christensen IJ; Toft BG; Brasso K; Vainer B; Iversen P

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Urology Research Unit, Department of Urology.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Abstract Objective. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of preoperative and surgical parameters, including nerve-sparing technique, on the risk of positive surgical margins (PSM) following radical prostatectomy for clinically localized prostate cancer. Material and methods. A prospective consecutive single-institution Danish cohort of 1148 patients undergoing RP between 1995 and 2011 was investigated. To analyse the impact of covariates on risk of PSM, a multivariate logistic regression model was used, including cT category, biopsy Gleason score, prostate-specific antigen (PSA), percentage positive biopsies for cancer (PPB), surgeon and surgical technique. Results. The  overall rate of PSM was 31.4%. The risk of PSM depended (p value for Wald chi (2) ) on PSA (p < 0.0001), PPB (p = 0.003), nerve-sparing surgery (p = 0.03) and the  surgeon (p < 0.0001). For every doubling of PSA, the risk of PSM increased by 56%, beginning at 0.5 ng/ml [odds ratio (OR) = 1.56, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.3-1.9, p < 0.01], and every 10% increase in PPB resulted in an 11% increased risk of PSM (OR = 1.11, 95% CI 1.0-1.2, p = 0.002). Two out of the six surgeons had a 50% reduction of risk of PSM compared to the referent surgeon. Nerve-sparing surgery increased the risk of PSM by 50% compared to wide resection (OR = 1.5, 95% CI 1.0-2.1, p = 0.03). Conclusion: Both preoperative and surgical  parameters affect the risk of PSM after radical prostatectomy. Surgeon and high preoperative PSA, PPB and cT category were confirmed as predictors of PSM. Surprisingly, nerve-sparing surgery was independently associated with increased risk of PSM. The correct selection of candidates for nerve-sparing surgery remains unresolved.

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[1082]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Chemokine Ligand 5 (CCL5) and chemokine receptor (CCR5) genetic variants and prostate cancer risk among men of African Descent: a case-control study.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Hered Cancer Clin Pract. 2012 Nov 20;10(1):16. doi: 10.1186/1897-4287-10-16.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1186/1897-4287-10-16

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Kidd LR; Jones DZ; Rogers EN; Kidd NC; Beache S; Rudd JE; Ragin C; Jackson M; McFarlane-Anderson N; Tulloch-Reid M; Morrison S; Brock GN; Barve SS; Kimbro KS

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Louisville Clinical Translational Research Building, 505 South Hancock Street Room 306, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA. lrkidd01@louisville.edu.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Chemokine and chemokine receptors play an essential role in tumorigenesis. Although chemokine-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are associated with various cancers, their impact on prostate cancer (PCA) among men of African descent is unknown. Consequently, this study evaluated 43 chemokine-associated SNPs in relation to PCA risk. We hypothesized inheritance of variant chemokine-associated alleles may lead to alterations in PCA susceptibility, presumably due to variations in antitumor immune responses. METHODS: Sequence variants were evaluated in germ-line DNA samples from 814 African-American and Jamaican men (279 PCA cases and 535 controls) using Illumina’s Goldengate genotyping system. RESULTS: Inheritance of CCL5 rs2107538 (AA, GA+AA) and rs3817655 (AA, AG, AG+AA) genotypes were linked with a 34-48% reduction in PCA risk. Additionally, the recessive and dominant models for CCR5 rs1799988 and CCR7 rs3136685 were associated with a 1.52-1.73 fold increase in PCA risk. Upon stratification, only CCL5 rs3817655 and CCR7 rs3136685 remained significant for the Jamaican and U.S. subgroups, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In summary, CCL5 (rs2107538, rs3817655) and CCR5 (rs1799988) sequence variants significantly modified PCA susceptibility among men of African descent, even after adjusting for age and multiple comparisons. Our findings are only suggestive and require further evaluation and validation in relation to prostate  cancer risk and ultimately disease progression, biochemical/disease recurrence and mortality in larger high-risk subgroups. Such efforts will help to identify genetic markers capable of explaining disproportionately high prostate cancer incidence, mortality, and morbidity rates among men of African descent.

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[1083]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Comparative immunohistochemical analysis of ochratoxin A tumourigenesis in rats and urinary tract carcinoma in humans; mechanistic significance of p-S6 ribosomal protein expression.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Toxins (Basel). 2012 Sep;4(9):643-62. doi: 10.3390/toxins4090643. Epub 2012 Sep 11.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 3390/toxins4090643

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Gazinska P; Herman D; Gillett C; Pinder S; Mantle P

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Unit, Guy’s Hospital, King’s Health Partners  AHSC, King’s College London School of Medicine, London SE1 9RT, UK. patrycja.gazinska@kcl.ac.uk

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Ochratoxin A (OTA) is considered to be a possible human urinary tract carcinogen, based largely on a rat model, but no molecular genetic changes in the rat carcinomas have yet been defined. The phosphorylated-S6 ribosomal protein is a marker indicating activity of the mammalian target of rapamycin, which is a serine/threonine kinase with a key role in protein biosynthesis, cell proliferation, transcription, cellular metabolism and apoptosis, while being functionally deregulated in cancer. To assess p-S6 expression we performed immunohistochemistry on formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tumours and normal tissues. Marked intensity of p-S6 expression was observed in highly proliferative regions of rat renal carcinomas and a rare angiosarcoma, all of which were attributed to prolonged exposure to dietary OTA. Only very small OTA-generated renal adenomas were negative for p-S6. Examples of rat subcutaneous fibrosarcoma  and testicular seminoma, as well as of normal renal tissue, showed no or very weak positive staining. In contrast to the animal model, human renal cell carcinoma, upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma from cases of Balkan endemic nephropathy, and a human angiosarcoma were negative for p-S6. The combined findings are reminiscent of constitutive changes in the rat tuberous sclerosis gene complex in the Eker strain correlated with renal neoplasms, Therefore rat renal carcinogenesis caused by OTA does not obviously mimic human urinary tract tumourigenesis.

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[1084]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Prostate-specific antigen nadir and time to prostate-specific antigen nadir following maximal androgen blockade independently predict prognosis in patients with metastatic prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Korean J Urol. 2012 Sep;53(9):607-13. doi: 10.4111/kju.2012.53.9.607. Epub 2012 Sep 19.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 4111/kju.2012.53.9.607

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Hong SY; Cho DS; Kim SI; Ahn HS; Kim SJ

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: To evaluate the influence of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) kinetics following maximal androgen blockade (MAB) on disease progression and cancer-specific survival in patients with metastatic, hormone-sensitive prostate  cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred thirty-one patients with metastatic, hormone-sensitive prostate cancer treated with MAB at our institution were included in this study. Patients’ characteristics, PSA at MAB initiation, PSA nadir, time to PSA nadir (TTN), and PSA decline were analyzed by using univariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS: At a median follow-up of 30 months, 97 patients (74.0%) showed disease progression and 65 patients (49.6%) died. Fifty-nine patients (45.0%) died from prostate cancer. In the univariate analysis, PSA at MAB initiation, PSA nadir, TTN, and PSA decline were significant predictors of progression-free survival. Also, PSA nadir, TTN, and PSA decline were significant predictors of cancer-specific survival. In the multivariate analysis, higher PSA nadir (>/=0.2 ng/ml) and shorter TTN (<8 months) were independent predictors of shorter progression-free and cancer-specific survival.  In the combined analysis of PSA nadir and TTN, patients with higher PSA nadir and shorter TTN had the worst progression-free survival (hazard ratio [HR], 14.098; p<0.001) and cancer-specific survival (HR, 14.050; p<0.001) compared with those with lower PSA nadir and longer TTN. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that higher PSA nadir level and shorter TTN following MAB are associated with higher risk of  disease progression and poorer survival in patients with metastatic, hormone-sensitive prostate cancer. Furthermore, these two variables have a synergistic effect on the outcome.

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[1085]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Carcinoma in situ of urinary bladder: incidence, treatment and clinical outcomes  during ten-year follow-up.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Acta Clin Croat. 2012 Jun;51(2):201-7.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Librenjak D; Novakovic ZS; Milostic K

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Split University Hospital Center, Split, Croatia.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Bladder carcinoma in situ (CIS) is a rare, high-grade intraepithelial neoplasm with a high tendency of progression and unpredictable clinical course. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence, treatment and clinical outcome of patients with CIS during a 10-year period. Medical records of 1062 patients with  primary bladder cancer and 847 patients with recurrent bladder cancer that underwent tumor resection at Department of Urology, Split University Hospital Center, Split, Croatia, between January 2001 and December 2010, were analyzed. Among all treated patients with primary bladder neoplasms, 51 (4.8%) had CIS. Primary CIS was diagnosed in 18 (1.7%) and concomitant CIS in 33 (3.1%) patients. In the same period, 847 patients with recurrent tumors were treated by transurethral resection (TUR), 12 (1.4%) of them with secondary CIS. Clinical course was followed-up in 15 patients with primary CIS and 21 patients with concomitant (TaT1) CIS. BCG immunotherapy was applied in 12 patients with primary and 17 patients with concomitant CIS. After median follow-up of 50 months, 9 patients with primary CIS had no sign of disease, 4 progressed, 1 had recurrence  and 1 died. After median follow-up of 37 months, 13 (62%) patients with concomitant CIS had complete response, 3 progressed (14%), 1 had recurrence (4%)  and 4 patients died, however, only 2 (10%) of these due to bladder cancer. Of all patients receiving BCG immunotherapy, 8 (27%) had significant side effects. The incidence and treatment of patients with CIS of urinary bladder in our institution is comparable to other recent literature reports.

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[1086]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Cost of palliative radiation to the bone for patients with bone metastases secondary to breast or prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Radiat Oncol. 2012 Oct 12;7:168. doi: 10.1186/1748-717X-7-168.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1186/1748-717X-7-168

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Hess G; Barlev A; Chung K; Hill JW; Fonseca E

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - IMS, One IMS Drive, Plymouth Meeting, PA, 19462, USA. Greg.hess@wharton.upenn.edu

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: To estimate the costs (paid amounts) of palliative radiation episodes of care (REOCs) to the bone for patients with bone metastases secondary to breast or prostate cancer. METHODS: Claims-linked medical records from patients at 98 cancer treatment centers in 16 US states were analyzed. Inclusion criteria included a primary neoplasm of breast or prostate cancer with a secondary neoplasm of bone metastases; >/=2 visits to >/=1 radiation center during the study period (1 July 2008 through 31 December 2009) on or after the metastatic cancer diagnosis date; radiation therapy to >/=1 bone site; and >/=1 complete REOC as evidenced by a >30-day gap pre- and post-radiation therapy. RESULTS: The  total number of REOCs was 220 for 207 breast cancer patients and 233 for 213 prostate cancer patients. In the main analysis (which excluded records with unpopulated costs) the median number of fractions per a REOC for treatment of metastases was 10. Mean total radiation costs (i.e., radiation direct cost + cost of radiation-related procedures and visits) per REOC were $7457 for patients with breast cancer and $7553 for patients with prostate cancer. Results were consistent in sensitivity analyses excluding patients with unpopulated costs. CONCLUSIONS: In the US, current use of radiation therapy for bone metastases is relatively costly and the use of multi-fraction schedules remains prevalent.

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[1087]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - 15-lipoxygenase metabolites of docosahexaenoic acid inhibit prostate cancer cell  proliferation and survival.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - PLoS One. 2012;7(9):e45480. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045480. Epub 2012 Sep 20.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1371/journal.pone.0045480

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - O’Flaherty JT; Hu Y; Wooten RE; Horita DA; Samuel MP; Thomas MJ; Sun H; Edwards IJ

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Internal Medicine Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - A 15-LOX, it is proposed, suppresses the growth of prostate cancer in part by converting arachidonic, eicosatrienoic, and/or eicosapentaenoic acids to n-6 hydroxy metabolites. These metabolites inhibit the proliferation of PC3, LNCaP, and DU145 prostate cancer cells but only at >/=1-10 microM. We show here that the 15-LOX metabolites of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), 17-hydroperoxy-, 17-hydroxy-, 10,17-dihydroxy-, and 7,17-dihydroxy-DHA inhibit the proliferation of these cells at >/=0.001, 0.01, 1, and 1 microM, respectively. By comparison, the corresponding 15-hydroperoxy, 15-hydroxy, 8,15-dihydroxy, and 5,15-dihydroxy metabolites of arachidonic acid as well as DHA itself require >/=10-100 microM to do this. Like DHA, the DHA metabolites a) induce PC3 cells to activate a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) reporter, express syndecan-1, and become apoptotic and b) are blocked from slowing cell proliferation by pharmacological inhibition or knockdown of PPARgamma or syndecan-1. The DHA metabolites thus slow prostate cancer cell proliferation by engaging the PPARgamma/syndecan-1 pathway of apoptosis and thereby may contribute to the prostate cancer-suppressing effects of not only 15-LOX but also dietary DHA.

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[1088]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Shorter recurrence-free survival time, higher risk of multiple recurrences: a retrospective study of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer after transurethral resection.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Chin Med J (Engl). 2012 Oct;125(20):3681-6.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Deng N; Chen JX; Chen LW; Qiu SP; Li XF; Wang DH

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Multiple recurrences are common in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer, but the risk of multiple recurrences has not been fully described. Identifying patients at high risk of multiple recurrences will help to select an  optimal therapeutic strategy and to improve prognosis. This study was conducted to identify the risk factors for multiple recurrences of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. METHODS: We reviewed the clinical data of all patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer in our hospital between January 2003 and February 2010. Patients with at least one recurrence were included. Multivariate  analysis was performed for theorized risk factors (age, gender, tumor stage, grade, size, location, number of lesions, adjuvant intra-vesical chemotherapy after transurethral resection, and recurrence-free survival after each resection) to clarify risk factors for multiple recurrences of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. RESULTS: Of the 278 patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer, 84  were with at least one recurrence and a total of 222 recurrences among them were  followed up for 6 - 70 months (mean, 36.1 months). Recurrence-free survival after initial resection predicted the overall frequency of bladder cancer recurrence (risk ratio (RR) = 37.83, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 3.45 - 396.13, P = 0.001) and second recurrence (RR = 6.15, 95%CI = 1.28 - 29.57, P = 0.023). Similarly, recurrence-free survival after a second resection was the only significant risk factor for third recurrence (RR = 31.08, 95%CI = 2.53 - 381.47,  P = 0.007). Moreover, recurrence-free survival after initial resection was the only significant factor to predict later progression to muscle invasive bladder cancer (RR = 8.62, 95%CI = 1.47 - 58.34, P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Recurrence-free survival after resection is an independent predictor of multiple recurrences of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. The shorter the period between resection and  recurrence is, the higher the risk of multiple recurrences.

 

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[1089]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Screening of Finnish RAD51C founder mutations in prostate and colorectal cancer patients.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - BMC Cancer. 2012 Nov 23;12:552. doi: 10.1186/1471-2407-12-552.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1186/1471-2407-12-552

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Pelttari LM; Nurminen R; Gylfe A; Aaltonen LA; Schleutker J; Nevanlinna H

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Rare, heterozygous germline mutations in the RAD51C gene have been found in breast and ovarian cancer families. In the Finnish population, we have identified two founder mutations in RAD51C that increase the risk of ovarian cancer but not breast cancer in the absence of ovarian cancer. Risk for other cancers has not been studied. METHODS: To study the role of RAD51C mutations in other common cancer types, we genotyped the Finnish RAD51C founder mutations c.837 + 1G > A and c.93delG in 1083 prostate cancer patients and 802 colorectal cancer patients using TaqMan Real-Time PCR. RESULTS: No RAD51C mutations c.837 +  1G > A or c.93delG were detected among the prostate or colorectal cancer patients. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that the RAD51C mutations do not predispose to prostate or colorectal cancer.

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[1090]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Age and pathology of prostate cancer in South-Southern Nigeria; is there a pattern?

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Med J Malaysia. 2012 Aug;67(4):417-9.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Sapira MK; Obiorah CC

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Department of Surgery, 3 Wogu Close, Port Harcourt, Rivers State 234, Nigeria. drmondayksapira@yahoo.com

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Prostate cancer is a common health problem world wide. Age is its strong risk factor. OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship between age at presentation and pathological features of prostate cancer in patients with the disease in South-Southern Nigeria. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Pathology slides of prostate specimens and clinical data were studied. Those with histological diagnosis of prostate cancer had these features analysed statistically. RESULTS:  Three hundred and eighty three cases of adenocarcinoma of the prostate were studied. A falling mean age at presentation was observed. Observed pathological features had no statististically significant variation with ages. Poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma was the most common variant. CONCLUSION: The mean age at presentation of prostate cancer patients in Port Harcourt is decreasing. Gleason’s score and level of cellular differentiation of the tumours have no statistically significant relationship with ages of the patients. These observations and the preponderance of poorly differentiated variant of the disease in Nigerian patients merit further studies.

 

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[1091]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Prostate cancer in patients with metabolic syndrome is associated with low grade  Gleason score when diagnosed on biopsy.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Korean J Urol. 2012 Sep;53(9):593-7. doi: 10.4111/kju.2012.53.9.593. Epub 2012 Sep 19.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 4111/kju.2012.53.9.593

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Jeon KP; Jeong TY; Lee SY; Hwang SW; Shin JH; Kim DS

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Myongji Hospital, Kwandong University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: Studies on the relationship of metabolic syndrome (MS) and prostate cancer are controversial. We evaluated the association between MS and prostate cancer characteristics in patients who underwent transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From October 2003 to May 2011, patients with a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) value>/=4 ng/ml or abnormal digital rectal examination (DRE) result underwent transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy. MS was diagnosed according to the Adult Treatment Panel III. Clinicopathologic factors including PSA, DRE, prostate volume, age, waist circumference, body mass  index (BMI), lipid profiles, fasting blood sugar level, and MS were considered for analysis. RESULTS: Three hundred fifty-four patients were enrolled (mean age, 68.86+/-8.95 years; mean PSA, 13.97+/-20.42 ng/ml). Seventy-five patients (21.2%) had MS and 90 patients (25.4%) were diagnosed as having prostate cancer, including 27 (30%) with MS and 63 (70%) without MS. Total PSA value and prostate  volume were significant predictors for prostate cancer. However, MS and BMI were  not significantly related to increased cancer risk. Prostate cancer patients with MS had significantly lower Gleason scores (average, 6.63+/-1.92) than did prostate cancer patients without MS (average, 7.54+/-1.71; p=0.029). CONCLUSIONS: Presence of MS was associated with a significantly decreased risk of high-grade prostate cancer. A larger, prospective, multicenter investigation is mandatory to clarify the relationship between MS and prostate cancer.

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[1092]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Glomerular diseases in the Military Hospital of Morocco: Review of a single centre renal biopsy database on adults.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Indian J Nephrol. 2012 Jul;22(4):257-63. doi: 10.4103/0971-4065.101244.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 4103/0971-4065.101244

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Aatif T; Maoujoud O; Montasser DI; Benyahia M; Oualim Z

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplantation, Military Hospital Mohammed V, Hay Riad, Rabat, Morocco.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Epidemiological studies provide useful information for clinical practice and investigations. This report aimed to determine glomerular diseases frequencies in a region of Morocco. All native renal biopsies (January 2000 to December 2007) on adults were reviewed, but only glomerular diseases were analyzed. The diagnosis of each case was based on histological, immunopathological and clinical features. We have performed 171 renal biopsies in 161 patients (101 males and 60 females),  the mean age was (range) 40.4 +/-15 years (16-72). Clinical indications that lead to renal biopsy were: nephrotic syndrome (60.3%), renal failure of unknown aetiology (31.6%), asymptomatic urinary abnormalities (6.2%) and nephritic syndrome(1.9%). Primary glomerular diseases were reported in 84 patients (52%). The most common histological lesion was minimal change disease (26%). Idiopathic  membranous glomerulopathy was the second most common lesion (23%) followed by membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (17%), IgA nephropathy (12%), focal and  segmental glomerulosclerosis (9.4%) and crescentic glomerulonephritis (6%). Secondary glomerular diseases were reported in 53 patients (33%). Lupus nephritis was the secondary glomerular disease most frequent (45%) followed by amyloidosis  (19%), diabetic nephropathy (15%), and Good pasture’s syndrome (7.6%). The most common complications of the procedure were pain at biopsy site in 4%, gross hematuria in 11.1%, perirenal hematoma in 5% and hematuria requiring nephrectomy  in 0.6% patients. Minimal change disease was the most frequent primary glomerulopathy and lupus nephritis was the most frequent secondary glomerulopathy in our group. The reasons for these findings are unclear. This information is an  important contribution to the understanding the prevalence of renal diseases in North Africa.

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[1093]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Influence of nonregional lymph node metastasis as a prognostic factor in metastatic prostate cancer patients.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Korean J Urol. 2012 Oct;53(10):673-9. doi: 10.4111/kju.2012.53.10.673. Epub 2012  Oct 19.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 4111/kju.2012.53.10.673

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Cho S; Kang SG; Tae BS; Cheon J

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: In advanced prostate cancer, malignant cells generally tend to spread into the bone, and metastasis into nonregional lymph nodes (NRLNs) at the time of initial diagnosis is relatively rare. We investigated the prognostic significance of NRLN metastasis in patients receiving hormonal therapy and chemotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From February 2005 to August 2011, we identified 105 patients who had metastatic prostate cancer. First, we assessed the prognostic effect of NRLN metastasis on the prostate-specific antigen response through logistic regression and the progression-free time to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) by using the Cox proportional hazard regression model. Second, we investigated the prognostic influence of NRLN metastasis on the chemotherapy response through logistic regression and on cancer-specific survival of CRPC patients receiving chemotherapy by using Cox proportional analysis. RESULTS: Of these 105 patients, 12 patients (11.4%) had only NRLN metastases without bone metastases. Progression-free time to CRPC was significantly less in  patients with NRLN metastases by Cox proportional hazard regression multivariate  analysis (p=0.020). However, NRLN metastasis was not an independent factor for predicting the response to chemotherapy in CRPC patients, and NRLN metastasis did not reduce cancer-specific survival in the multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Twelve (11.4%) of 105 patients with NRLN metastases had lymph node metastases without bone metastases. In addition, NRLN metastasis was a significant prognostic factor for predicting reduced progression-free time to CRPC. Thus, although we speculate that prostate cancer with NRLN metastasis exhibits unique tumor biology, additional molecular and genetic studies are needed.

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[1094]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Prognostic value of body mass index in korean patients with castration-resistant  prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Korean J Urol. 2012 Nov;53(11):761-5. doi: 10.4111/kju.2012.53.11.761. Epub 2012  Nov 14.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 4111/kju.2012.53.11.761

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Park JM; Nam JS; Na W; Oh JJ; Lee S; Hong SK; Byun SS; Lee SE

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: We investigated the correlation between body mass index (BMI) and the prognosis of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) in patients who received docetaxel treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted of 55 patients who were diagnosed with CRPC and received docetaxel treatment between 2003 and 2009 at our institution. Patients with a normal or lower BMI (<23.0 kg/m(2)) were categorized as group I and patients with an overweight or greater BMI (>/=23.0 kg/m(2)) were categorized as group II. Clinicopathological features and survival rates were evaluated by using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS: On the basis of BMI, 27 patients (49.1%) belonged to group I and 28 (50.9%) patients belonged to group II. Mean follow-up periods were 30 months and 34.2 months, respectively (p=0.381). There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of age, prostate-specific antigen (PSA), Gleason score, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status, hemoglobin level, alkaline phosphatase level, distant metastasis, radiation treatments, or performance of radical prostatectomy (p>0.05). In the univariate analysis for predicting survival rates, BMI (p=0.005; hazard ratio [HR], 0.121), logPSA (p=0.044; HR, 2.878), and alkaline phosphatase  level (p=0.039; HR, 8.582) were significant factors for prediction. In the multivariate analysis, BMI (p=0.005; HR, 0.55), logPSA (p=0.008; HR, 7.836), Gleason score (p=0.018; HR, 6.434), hemoglobin (p=0.006; HR, 0.096), alkaline phosphatase level (p=0.005; HR, 114.1), and metastasis to the internal organs (p=0.028; HR, 5.195) were significant factors for prediction. CONCLUSIONS: Better effects on the cancer-specific survival rate were observed in cases with higher BMI.

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[1095]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - MAML1 acts cooperatively with EGR1 to activate EGR1-regulated promoters: implications for nephrogenesis and the development of renal cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - PLoS One. 2012;7(9):e46001. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046001. Epub 2012 Sep 27.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1371/journal.pone.0046001

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Hansson ML; Behmer S; Ceder R; Mohammadi S; Preta G; Grafstrom RC; Fadeel B; Wallberg AE

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Division of Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Mastermind-like 1 (MAML1) is a transcriptional coregulator of activators in various signaling pathways, such as Notch, p53, myocyte enhancer factor 2C (MEF2C) and beta-catenin. In earlier studies, we demonstrated that MAML1 enhanced p300 acetyltransferase activity, which increased the acetylation of Notch by p300. In this study, we show that MAML1 strongly induced acetylation of the transcription factor early growth response-1 (EGR1) by p300, and increased EGR1 protein expression in embryonic kidney cells. EGR1 mRNA transcripts were also upregulated in the presence of MAML1. We show that MAML1 physically interacted with, and acted cooperatively with EGR1 to increase transcriptional activity of the EGR1 and p300 promoters, which both contain EGR1 binding sites. Bioinformatics assessment revealed a correlation between p300, EGR1 and MAML1 copy number and mRNA alterations in renal clear cell carcinoma and p300, EGR1 and MAML1 gene alterations were associated with increased overall survival. Our findings suggest MAML1 may be a component of the transcriptional networks which regulate EGR1 target genes during nephrogenesis and could also have implications  for the development of renal cell carcinoma.

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[1096]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Gene expression of aurora kinases in prostate cancer and nodular hyperplasia tissues.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Med Princ Pract. 2013;22(2):138-43. doi: 10.1159/000342679. Epub 2012 Oct 13.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1159/000342679

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Nna E; Madukwe J; Egbujo E; Obiorah C; Okolie C; Echejoh G; Yahaya A; Adisa J; Uzoma I

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Safety Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Faculty of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Nigeria, Enugu, Nigeria. e.nna@safetybiomedical.org

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - OBJECTIVE: To measure the transcript levels of Aurora kinases and compare them to their immunoreactivity patterns in prostate tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 26 cases of prostate cancer (PCa) and 38 cases of benign nodular hyperplasia (BPH) were sampled from archived formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues. Tissue sections were lysed, total RNA extracted and cDNA made by random  hexamer priming while slide sections were immunostained for the kinases. Normalized relative quantitation was performed for all the kinases using real-time PCR on TaqMan chemistry. RESULTS: The immunoreactivity profile showed 15.4, 53.8 and 30.7% positivity for Aurora kinases A, B and C in PCa cases, respectively, while the positivity was 76.3, 73.7 and 84.2% for the same kinases  in BPH cases. The immunoreactivity was preponderant on epithelial tissue compared to stromal component. CONCLUSION: Aurora kinases were significantly overexpressed in BPH cases compared to PCa cases. At the transcript level, there was no significant differential expression in the kinases between PCa and BPH cases.

 

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[1097]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Selenoprotein P status correlates to cancer-specific mortality in renal cancer patients.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - PLoS One. 2012;7(10):e46644. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046644. Epub 2012 Oct 9.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1371/journal.pone.0046644

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Meyer HA; Endermann T; Stephan C; Stoedter M; Behrends T; Wolff I; Jung K; Schomburg L

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Institute of Physiology, Charite-Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element for selenoprotein biosynthesis. Selenoproteins have been implicated in cancer risk and tumor development. Selenoprotein P (SePP) serves as the major Se transport protein in blood and as reliable biomarker of Se status in marginally supplied individuals. Among the different malignancies, renal cancer is characterized by a high mortality rate. In this study, we aimed to analyze the Se status in renal cell cancer (RCC) patients and whether it correlates to cancer-specific mortality. To this end, serum samples of RCC patients (n = 41) and controls (n = 21) were retrospectively analyzed. Serum Se and SePP concentrations were measured by X-ray fluorescence and an immunoassay, respectively. Clinical and survival data were compared to serum Se and SePP concentrations as markers of Se status by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses. In our patients, higher tumor grade and tumor stage at diagnosis correlated to lower SePP and Se concentrations. Kaplan-Meier analyses indicated that low Se status at diagnosis (SePP<2.4 mg/l, bottom tertile of patient group) was associated with a  poor 5-year survival rate of 20% only. We conclude that SePP and Se concentrations are of prognostic value in RCC and may serve as additional diagnostic biomarkers identifying a Se deficit in kidney cancer patients potentially affecting therapy regimen. As poor Se status was indicative of high mortality odds, we speculate that an adjuvant Se supplementation of Se-deficient  RCC patients might be beneficial in order to stabilize their selenoprotein expression hopefully prolonging their survival. However, this assumption needs to be rigorously tested in prospective clinical trials.

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[1098]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Essential role of using virtual pyeloscopy in the diagnosis of small satellite renal pelvic tumour in solitary kidney patient.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Can Urol Assoc J. 2012 Oct;6(5):E195-8. doi: 10.5489/cuaj.11160.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 5489/cuaj.11160

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Bata P; Tarnoki DL; Tarnoki AD; Domjan Z; Buzogany I; Berczi V

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Radiology and Oncotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest;

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Virtual pyeloscopy (VP) plays an important role in the organ-sparing nephroscopic tumour resection and traditional pole resection, especially when a fibreoptic ureteroscopic examination cannot be performed. A 67-year-old man developed macroscopic hematuria. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) and cystoscopy revealed a lower calix renal stone and a 20-mm lower pyelon mass suggesting transitional cell cancer. An additional small satellite lesion in the pelvico-ureteral junction was supposedly present. Three-phase MultiDetector CT with VP showed a solitary 3 to 4-mm renal pelvic lesion beyond the known calix stone and lower pole mass. In our case, VP played an important role in the organ-sparing nephroscopic tumour resection and traditional pole resection.

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[1099]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - DNA copy number alterations and PPARG amplification in a patient with multifocal  bladder urothelial carcinoma.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - BMC Res Notes. 2012 Oct 31;5:607. doi: 10.1186/1756-0500-5-607.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1186/1756-0500-5-607

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Conconi D; Panzeri E; Redaelli S; Bovo G; Volante M; Vigano P; Strada G; Dalpra L; Bentivegna A

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Technologies, University of Milan-Bicocca, Monza, Italy. angela.bentivegna@unimib.it.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Bladder cancer is the seventh most common cancer worldwide and over 90% are transitional cell carcinoma (TCC). At the first time of diagnosis at least 70% of TCC present as superficial bladder cancer. Because the clinical outcome of superficial bladder tumors is relatively unpredictable, there is a pressing need to identify markers that may predict tumor recurrence and progression and new treatment strategies. CASE PRESENTATION: We present a unique  case of a 67-year old male who underwent total cystectomy after repeated trans-urethral resections of the bladder for multifocal non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. The first and the third tumor were diagnosed as high grade non-infiltrating (HGNI), while the second as carcinoma in situ (CIS). We performed both array comparative genomic hybridization and a targeted chromosomal profile by UroVysion in order to detect copy number variations (CNVs) that may be involved with tumor recurrence and progression. The overall data from this study  provide new evidence for the monoclonal origin of urothelial tumor multifocality  as several genetic changes were found in different tumors of the same patient. From the analysis of shared CNVs two gained regions emerged at 3p25.2 and 12q23.2, including PPARG and ASCL1 genes, respectively. The copy number level of  these genes would seem inversely mutually correlated and highly dependent on histological grade, because the highest level of amplification at 3p25.2 was evidenced in the two HGNI samples, while the highest level of copy number gain at 12q23.2 was reported in the CIS. CONCLUSION: We provide new evidence on the role  of PPARG in initiation and maintenance of bladder cancer. For the first time we also suggest a possible explanation for the elevated expression of PPARG in this  type of tumor through a focal high level amplification at 3p25.2. Furthermore, a  new gene, ASCL1, emerged as a potential candidate to assist PPARG in bladder carcinogenesis.

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[1100]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Combined minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy and retrograde intrarenal surgery for staghorn calculi in patients with solitary kidney.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - PLoS One. 2012;7(10):e48435. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048435. Epub 2012 Oct 30.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1371/journal.pone.0048435

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Lai D; He Y; Dai Y; Li X

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: To present our experience with simultaneous combined minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy (MPCNL) and retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) to manage patients with staghorn calculi in solitary kidney, and evaluate  the safety, efficiency and feasibility of this approach. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: The study included 20 patients with staghorn calculi in solitary kidney. Demographic characteristics, stone location and surface area were recorded. After informed consent, the patients underwent one stage MPCNL firstly. Combined second stage MPCNL and RIRS simultaneously were performed at postoperative 5-7 days. Operative parameters, stone-free rate (SFR), stone analyses and complications were evaluated. Serum creatinine (Scr), glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) were measured preoperatively, postoperatively at 1 month, and each follow-up visit. All patients had staghorn stones involving multiple calyces. The mean stone burden was 1099.9 +/- 843.95 mm(2). All patients had only one percutaneous access tract. The mean whole operative duration was 154.37 +/- 32.45 min. The mean blood loss was 64 (12-140) ml. The final SFR was 90%. During the 1-month follow-up study period, four patients improved in CKD stage. Two patients who had CKD (stage 5) still needed dialysis postoperatively. Mean Scr of the rest patients preoperatively was 187.16 +/- 94.12 compared to 140.99 +/- 57.92 umol/L by the end of 1-month follow-up period (p = 0.019). The same findings were observed in GFR in that preoperatively it was 43.80 +/- 24.74 ml/min and by the end of the 1-month follow-up it was 49.55 +/- 21.18 ml/min (p = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Combined MPCNL and RIRS management effectively decrease the number and size of percutaneous access tracts, which is safe, feasible, and efficient for managing staghorn calculi in solitary kidney with satisfactory SFR  and reducing blood loss, potential morbidity associated with multiple tracts. The approach did not adversely affect renal function at both short-term and long-term follow-up.

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[1101]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Enzalutamide (formerly MDV3100) as a new therapeutic option for men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Asian J Androl. 2012 Nov;14(6):805-6. doi: 10.1038/aja.2012.113. Epub 2012 Oct 8.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1038/aja.2012.113

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Aragon-Ching JB

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20037, USA. jaragonching@mfa.gwu.edu

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enzalutamide marks the latest addition to the drugs currently approved by the US  Food and Drug Administration for metastatic, castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). AFFIRMwas a phase III international randomized trial that evaluated the  clinical utility of enzalutamide versus placebo in men with mCRPC who have failed prior docetaxel-containing chemotherapy. Enzalutamide showed a remarkable 37% decreased risk of death with a median overall survival of 18.4 months versus 13.6 months for those who received placebo. These findings confirm the validity of further targeting the androgen receptor as a valid therapeutic approach in prostate cancer despite emergence of castration resistance.

 

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[1102]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Challenging the 10-year rule: The accuracy of patient life expectancy predictions by physicians in relation to prostate cancer management.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Can Urol Assoc J. 2012 Oct;6(5):367-73. doi: 10.5489/cuaj.11161.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 5489/cuaj.11161

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Leung KM; Hopman WM; Kawakami J

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Queen’s University, Kingston, ON;

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - INTRODUCTION: : We assess physicians’ ability to accurately predict life expectancies. In prostate cancer this prediction is especially important as it affects screening decisions. No previous studies have examined accuracy in the context of real cases and concrete end points. METHODS: : Seven clinical scenarios were summarized from charts of deceased patients. We recruited 100 medical professionals to review these scenarios and estimate each patient’s life  expectancy. Responses were analyzed with respect to the patients’ actual survival end points, then stratified based on the demographic information provided. RESULTS: : Respondent factors, such as sex, level of training, location of work or specialty, made no significant difference on prediction accuracy. Furthermore, respondents were typically pessimistic in their estimations with a negative linear trend between estimated life expectancy and actual survival. Overall, respondents were within 1 year of actual life expectancy only 15.9% of the time;  on average, respondents were 67.4% inaccurate in relation to actual survival. If  framed in terms of correctly identifying which patients would live more than or less than 10 years (dichotomous accuracy), physicians were correct 68.3% of the time. CONCLUSIONS: : Physicians do poorly at predicting life expectancy and tend  to underestimate how long patients have left to live. This overall inaccuracy raises the question of whether physicians should refine screening and treatment criteria, find a better proxy or dispose of the criteria altogether.

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[1103]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Urinary concentrations of human epidydimis secretory protein 4 (He4) in the diagnosis of ovarian cancer: a case—control study.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2012;13(9):4695-8.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Macuks R; Baidekalna I; Donina S

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics of Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia. r.macuks@gmail.com

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - OBJECTIVE: To analyze differential diagnostic accuracy of urinary human epidydimis secretory protein 4 (HE4) in patients with ovarian tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the case-control study 23 patients with ovarian cancer, 37 patients with benign ovarian tumors and 18 women in the control group were included. Serum CA125 values and urinary concentrations of HE4were assessed quantitatively. Urinary creatinine concentrations and glomerular filtration rate  were also determined and used to calculate ratios to HE4. RESULTS: Higher urinary HE4 concentrations were observed in patients with late stage ovarian cancer (p=0.001) and also in patients with early stage ovarian cancer when compared to patients with benign ovarian tumors (p=0.044). On analysis where all ovarian cancer patients were included, higher diagnostic accuracy was observed with calculated ratio of HE4 to glomerular filtration rate (GFR) to unchanged urinary  HE4 concentrations -AUC 0.861 vs. 0.858. When discriminatory accuracy was calculated for urinary HE4/GFR ratio and unchanged urinary HE4 concentrations, the last demonstrated a higher area under the curve - 0.701 vs. 0.602. The urinary HE4/creatinine ratio had lower discriminatory characteristics than unchanged concentrations of urinary HE4. However, HE4 serum concentration was more accurate for discrimination of patients with benign and malignant ovarian tumors when compared to urinary HE4 and CA125 in sera (AUCs were 0.868 for serum  HE4 and 0.856 and 0.653 for urinary HE4 and CA125, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Ovarian cancer patients have higher urinary concentrations of human epidydimis secretory protein 4 than patients with benign ovarian tumors. Urinary HE4 has comparable discriminatory accuracy with serum HE4 for benign and malignant ovarian tumors and can be recommended as a non-invasive ovarian cancer risk assessment method.

 

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[1104]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Castleman’s disease of the renal sinus presenting as a urothelial malignancy: a brief case report.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Korean J Pathol. 2012 Oct;46(5):503-6. doi: 10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2012.46.5.503.  Epub 2012 Oct 25.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 4132/KoreanJPathol.2012.46.5.503

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Jang SM; Han H; Jang KS; Jun YJ; Lee TY; Paik SS

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Pathology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Castleman’s disease is a rare benign lymphoproliferative disorder that frequently affects lymph nodes of the mediastinal thorax and the neck. It very rarely affects the renal sinus. We report a case of Castleman’s disease arising in the renal sinus in a 64-year-old man. The patient visited the hospital with the chief complaint of hematuria. Abdominal computed tomography revealed a homogeneous mass in the sinus of the left kidney, radiologically interpreted as a malignant urothelial tumor. Subsequently, nephroureterectomy was performed, after which microscopic examination of the specimen revealed a diffuse lymphoproliferative lesion with reactive lymphoid follicles of various sizes and prominent plasma cell infiltration of interfollicular spaces, highlighted by immunohistochemical staining for CD138. The lesion was diagnosed as Castleman’s disease of the plasma cell type. Although preoperative diagnosis of Castleman’s disease is difficult and the incidence is exceedingly rare, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of renal sinus tumors.

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[1105]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Mechanism of growth inhibition of prostate cancer xenografts by valproic acid.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Biomed Biotechnol. 2012;2012:180363. doi: 10.1155/2012/180363. Epub 2012 Oct 2.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1155/2012/180363

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Sidana A; Wang M; Shabbeer S; Chowdhury WH; Netto G; Lupold SE; Carducci M; Rodriguez R

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Marburg 205A, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Valproic Acid (VPA), a histone deacetylase inhibitor, has been demonstrated to cause a marked decrease in proliferation of prostate cancer (PCa) cells in vitro  and a significant reduction in tumor volume in vivo. The goal of this study is to better understand the VPA-induced growth inhibition in vivo, by studying expression of various markers in PCa xenografts. METHODS: For in vitro experiments, PCa cells were treated with 0, 0.6, and 1.2 mM VPA for 14 days. For  in vivo models, experimental animals received 0.4% VPA in drinking water for 35 days. Tissue microarray was generated using cell pellets and excised xenografts.  RESULTS: VPA treatment causes cell cycle arrest in PCa cells in vivo, as determined by increase in p21 and p27 and decrease in cyclin D1 expression. Increased expression of cytokeratin18 was also seen in xenografts. LNCaP xenografts in treated animals had reduced androgen receptor (AR) expression. While decreased proliferation was found in vitro, increase in apoptosis was found to be the reason for decreased tumor growth in vivo. Also, an anti-angiogenic effect was observed after VPA treatment. CONCLUSION: VPA inhibits tumor growth by multiple mechanisms including cell cycle arrest, induction of differentiation, and inhibition of growth of tumor vasculature.

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[1106]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Healthcare utilization and costs associated with skeletal-related events in prostate cancer patients with bone metastases.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 2013 Mar;16(1):23-7. doi: 10.1038/pcan.2012.42. Epub 2012 Nov 13.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1038/pcan.2012.42

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Hagiwara M; Delea TE; Saville MW; Chung K

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Policy Analysis Inc PAI, Brookline, MA 02445, USA. mhagiwara@pai2.com

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Patients with bone metastases secondary to prostate cancer are predisposed to skeletal-related events (SREs), including spinal cord compression, pathological fracture, surgery to bone and radiotherapy to bone. The objective of this study was to document current patterns of healthcare utilization and costs of SREs in patients with prostate cancer and bone metastases. METHODS: This was a retrospective, observational study using the Thomson MedStat MarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounters database from September 2002 to June 2011. Study subjects included all persons with claims for prostate cancer and for bone metastases, and one or more claims for an SRE. Unique SRE episodes were identified based on a gap of at least 90 days without an SRE claim, and classified by treatment setting (inpatient or outpatient) and SRE type (spinal cord compression, pathological fracture, surgery to bone or radiotherapy). RESULTS: Of 3919 patients with prostate cancer and bone metastases, 2090 (53%) had one or more SRE episodes. Among 1237 patients who met all other criteria, there were 1623 SRE episodes over a mean (s.d.) follow-up of 16.1 (12.9) months.  The percent of episodes that required inpatient treatment ranged from 14% (radiotherapy) to 82% (surgery to bone). On average, inpatient episodes with surgery to bone (n = 36 episodes) were most costly (mean (s.e.) $88,838 ($11,830)/episode), whereas outpatient episodes with surgery to bone (n = 8 episodes) were least costly (mean (s.e.) $4749 ($1690)/episode). Of the total SRE costs (mean (s.e.) $20,984 ($951)/episode), 41% were attributable to outpatient radiotherapy (n = 1169 episodes), 23% to inpatient radiotherapy (n = 184 episodes), and 19% to inpatient treatment of pathological fractures (n = 101 episodes). CONCLUSIONS: In patients with prostate cancer and bone metastases, SREs are associated with high costs and hospitalizations.

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[1107]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Cytotoxicity analysis of active components in bitter melon (Momordica charantia)  seed extracts using human embryonic kidney and colon tumor cells.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Nat Prod Commun. 2012 Sep;7(9):1203-8.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Chipps ES; Jayini R; Ando S; Protzman AD; Muhi MZ; Mottaleb MA; Malkawi A; Islam MR

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Laboratory of Biochemistry, Northwest Missouri State University, 800 University Drive, Maryville, MO 64468, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Bitter melon (Momordica charantia) seed extracts (BMSE) have been used as traditional medicine for treating various ailments, although in many cases, the active component(s) are unidentified. In this study, bitter melon seeds were extracted in water, ethanol, or ethanol: water (1:1). The aqueous seed extracts (BMSE-W) exhibited marked cytotoxicity towards human embryonic kidney 293T (HEK293T) and human colon tumor 116 (HCT1116) cells. The activity in BMSE-W was unaffected by heat and proteinases treatments, and eluted in the total volume of  size-exclusion HPLC, suggesting the small, organic nature of the active component(s). Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometic (GC-MS) analysis of the HPLC  fractions identified methoxy-phenyl oxime (MPO) as a major active component. Acetophenone oxime, a commercially available structural homolog of MPO, demonstrated cytotoxicity comparable with that of the BMSE-W. The oxime functional group was found to be critical for activity. Increased poly-(ADP-ribose)-polymerase and beta-actin cleavage, and chromatin condensation  observed in treated cells suggested apoptosis as a plausible cause for the cytotoxicity. This study, for the first time, identified a cytotoxic oxime in BMSE-W.

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[1108]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Serial non-invasive monitoring of renal disease following immune-mediated injury  using near-infrared optical imaging.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - PLoS One. 2012;7(9):e43941. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0043941. Epub 2012 Sep 26.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1371/journal.pone.0043941

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Du Y; An S; Liu L; Li L; Zhou XJ; Mason RP; Mohan C

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Internal Medicine/Rheumatology, University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Non-invasive monitoring of disease progression in kidney disease is still a major challenge in clinical practice. In vivo near-infrared (NIR) imaging provides a new tool for studying disease mechanisms and non-invasive monitoring of disease development, even in deep organs. The LI-COR IRDye® 800CW RGD optical probe (RGD probe) is a NIR fluorophore, that can target integrin alpha v  beta 3 (alpha(v)beta(3)) in tissues. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to monitor renal  disease progression in an anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) nephritis mouse model. METHODS: Anti-GBM nephritis was induced in 129x1/svJ mice by anti-GBM serum challenge. The expression of integrin alpha(v)beta(3) in the diseased kidney was examined by immunohistochemistry and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The RGD probe and control fluorophores, the 800CW dye, and the BSA-conjugated 800CW dye, were administered into anti-GBM nephritic mice. LI-COR  Pearl® Impulse imaging system was used for in vivo imaging; while ex vivo organ imaging was acquired using the Maestro™ imaging system. RESULTS: Kidney tissue from anti-GBM nephritic mice showed higher levels of integrin alpha(v)beta(3) expression at both the protein and the mRNA level compared to normal mice. The RGD probe allowed in vivo renal imaging and the fluorescent signal could be specifically captured in the diseased kidneys up to 14 days, reflecting longitudinal changes in renal function. CONCLUSION: The infrared RGD molecular probe that tracks integrin expression can be successfully used to monitor renal disease progression following immune-mediated nephritis.

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[1109]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Patient and tumour-related factors for prediction of urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Scand J Urol. 2012 Nov 9.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 3109/00365599.2012.733410

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Wallerstedt A; Carlsson S; Steineck G; Thorsteinsdottir T; Hugosson J; Stranne J; Wilderang U; Haglind E; Wiklund NP

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Section of Urology.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Abstract Objective. The aim of this study was to identify preoperative patient and tumour-related factors associated with 12 months postoperative urinary incontinence. Material and methods. In total, 1529 men who had undergone radical  prostatectomy for clinically localized prostate cancer between September 2008 and February 2010 at 15 Swedish hospitals completed a questionnaire before, 3 and 12  months after surgery. Urinary leakage, comorbidity and possible confounders were  measured by self-administered validated questionnaires. Clinical data were collected preoperatively and postoperatively. The primary outcome, incontinence,  was defined as the change of one pad or more per day. The ratio of proportions, estimated according to the log-binomial regression model, was analysed for 38 different factors and is presented as relative risks with 95% confidence intervals. Age-adjusted relative risk was calculated in the corresponding bivariate regression model. Results. Prospective data were available from 1360 men (response rate 89%). Results showed that age at surgery predicts long-term urinary incontinence exponentially. Patients reporting urinary leakage before prostate cancer diagnosis had an age-adjusted relative risk of 1.8 (95% confidence interval 1.3-2.4) for incontinence 12 months postoperatively. No statistically significant correlation was found between previous transurethral resection of the prostate, high body mass index or the other 34 evaluated factors and postoperative incontinence. Conclusions. Of 38 possible risk factors only age at surgery and preoperative urinary leakage were associated with 12 months postoperative incontinence in this study comprising 1360 men operated with radical prostatectomy. These findings may help the surgeon to have a targeted risk conversation with the patient before the treatment decision is made.

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[1110]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Dual-phase PET-CT to differentiate [18F]Fluoromethylcholine uptake in reactive and malignant lymph nodes in patients with prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - PLoS One. 2012;7(10):e48430. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048430. Epub 2012 Oct 31.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1371/journal.pone.0048430

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Oprea-Lager DE; Vincent AD; van Moorselaar RJ; Gerritsen WR; van den Eertwegh AJ; Eriksson J; Boellaard R; Hoekstra OS

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. d.oprea-lager@vumc.nl

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: To investigate whether time-trends of enhanced [(18)F]Fluoromethylcholine ([(18)F]FCH) in lymph nodes (LN) of prostate cancer (PCa) patients can help to discriminate reactive from malignant ones, and whether single time point standardized uptake value (SUV) measurements also suffice. PROCEDURES: 25 PCa patients with inguinal (presumed benign) and enlarged pelvic LN (presumed malignant) showing enhanced [(18)F]FCH uptake at dual-phase PET-CT were analyzed. Associations between LN status (benign versus malignant) and SUV(max) and SUV(meanA50), determined at 2 min (early) and 30 min (late) post injection, were assessed. We considered two time-trends of [(18)F]FCH uptake: type A (SUV early > SUV late) and type B (SUV late >/= SUV early). Histopathology and/or follow-up were used to confirm the assumption that LN with type A pattern  are benign, and LN with type B pattern malignant. RESULTS: Analysis of 54 nodes showed that LN status, time-trends, and ‘late’ (30 min p.i.) SUV(max) and SUV(meanA50) parameters were strongly associated (P<0.0001). SUV(max) relative difference was the best LN status predictor. All but one inguinal LN showed a decreasing [(18)F]FCH uptake over time (pattern A), while 95% of the pelvic nodes presented a stable or increasing uptake (pattern B) type. CONCLUSIONS: Time-trends of enhanced [(18)F]FCH uptake can help to characterize lymph nodes in prostate cancer patients. Single time-point SUV measurements, 30 min p.i., may be a reasonable alternative for predicting benign versus malignant status of lymph nodes, but this remains to be validated in non-enlarged pelvic lymph nodes.

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[1111]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - CT guided percutaneous renal biopsy versus ultrasound guided for obtaining adequate tissue.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Pak Med Assoc. 2012 Sep;62(9):880-2.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Mukhtar KN; Mahmood SN; Umair SF

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Nephrology, Liaquat National Hospital and Medical College, Karachi. naveedkunwer@yahoo.com

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - OBJECTIVE: To study the diagnostic yield of specimen obtained by percutaneous renal biopsy (PRB) under CT guidance and Ultrasound (US) guidance. METHODS: This  study was conducted at the department of Nephrology at Liaquat National Hospital  and Dr. Ziauddin Hospital, Karachi. Renal biopsy specimens obtained between January 2007 and September 2009 were studied for number of glomeruli obtained. In addition data was collected of how many patients had to undergo renal biopsy again because of nonavailability of renal cortex (the area of the kidney that contains glomeruli necessary for diagnosing renal disease) by both methods. RESULTS: We analyzed 205 renal biopsy specimens. Fifty were obtained via CT and 155 under US guidance. All 50 specimens obtained by CT guidance had renal cortex, compared to 147/155 (94.8%) specimen obtained by US guidance. Mean number of glomeruli in US guided specimens was 10.28 +/- 6.85, compared to CT guided specimen which was 23.34 +/- 13.42. Definitive diagnosis was made in 100% of CT guided biopsy compared to 94.8% (p<0.001) in US guided specimens. None of the patients undergoing CT guided biopsy required re-biopsy. CONCLUSION: PRB of native kidney under CT guidance is a more effective tool compared to ultrasound guidance in obtaining renal cortex that prevents patients from undergoing biopsy  twice and provides sufficient number of glomeruli for definitive diagnosis of renal diseases especially when focal disease is suspected.

 

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[1112]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Risk factors for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) predict long-term treatment with docetaxel.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - PLoS One. 2012;7(10):e48186. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048186. Epub 2012 Oct 30.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1371/journal.pone.0048186

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Kawahara T; Miyoshi Y; Sekiguchi Z; Sano F; Hayashi N; Teranishi J; Misaki H; Noguchi K; Kubota Y; Uemura H

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: For patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostatic cancer (mCRPC), docetaxel plus prednisone leads to superior survival and a higher response rate compared with mitoxantrone plus prednisone. We analyzed the efficacy of long-term treatment with >/=10 cycles of docetaxel, and validated the risk group classification in predicting overall survival (OS) in Japanese patients with mCRPC. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Fifty-two patients with mCRPC were administered 55 mg/m(2) docetaxel and 8 mg dexamethasone, every 3 or 4 weeks, simultaneously with hormonal therapy and daily oral dexamethasone. They were divided into two groups, short-term (9 or fewer cycles) and long-term (10 or more cycles). Four risk factors including the presence of anemia, bone metastases, significant pain and visceral metastases were utilized for the risk group classification. RESULTS: Fourteen patients (27%) had an elevation of PSA in spite of docetaxel treatment, while 23 patients (44%) had a decline in PSA level, including 9 patients (17%) whose PSA level declined by >/=50%. The median duration of OS after the initiation of this therapy was 11.2 months in the short-term group and 28.5 months in the long-term group. The good risk group showed a significant difference in OS compared with the intermediate and poor risk groups (P<0.001). The median number of cycles of treatment was 14, 4 and 3 for each risk group, respectively (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The present study indicated that >/=10 cycles of this docetaxel therapy can significantly prolong survival in Japanese men with CRPC. This risk group classification for men with mCRPC at the initiation of this chemotherapy is useful.

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[1113]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Regulatory T-cells and associated pathways in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) patients undergoing DC-vaccination and cytokine-therapy.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - PLoS One. 2012;7(10):e46600. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046600. Epub 2012 Oct 31.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1371/journal.pone.0046600

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Schwarzer A; Wolf B; Fisher JL; Schwaab T; Olek S; Baron U; Tomlinson CR; Seigne JD; Crosby NA; Gui J; Hampton TH; Fadul CE; Heaney JA; Ernstoff MS

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Medical Oncology Immunotherapy Group, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: To evaluate CD4(+)CD25(+)FOXP3(+) T regulatory cells (T(REG)) and associated immune-regulatory pathways in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) patients and healthy volunteers. We subsequently investigated the effects of immunotherapy on circulating T(REG) combining an extensive phenotype examination, DNA methylation analysis and global transcriptome analysis. DESIGN: Eighteen patients with mRCC and twelve volunteers (controls) were available for analysis. T(REG) phenotype was examined using flow  cytometry (FCM). T(REG) were also quantified by analyzing the epigenetic status of the FOXP3 locus using methylation specific PCR. As a third approach, RNA of the PBL was hybridized to Affymetrix GeneChip Human Gene 1.0 ST Arrays and the gene signatures were explored using pathway analysis. RESULTS: We observed higher numbers of T(REG) in pre-treatment PBL of mRCC patients compared to controls. A significant increase in T(REG) was detected in all mRCC patients after the two cycles of immunotherapy. The expansion of T(REG) was significantly higher in non-responders than in responding patients. Methylation specific PCR confirmed the FCM data and circumvented the variability and subjectivity of the FCM method. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) of the microarray data showed significant enrichment of FOXP3 target genes, CTLA-4 and TGF-ss associated pathways in the patient cohort. CONCLUSION: Immune monitoring of the peripheral blood and tumor tissue is important for a wide range of diseases and treatment strategies. Adoption of methodology for quantifying T(REG) with the least variability and subjectivity will enhance the ability to compare and interpret findings across studies.

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[1114]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Adherence to 5-alpha reductase inhibitor therapy for benign prostatic hyperplasia: clinical and economic outcomes.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - P T. 2012 Aug;37(8):464-70.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Gruschkus S; Poston S; Eaddy M; Chaudhari S

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - OBJECTIVE: Our goal was to quantify relationships between adherence to 5-alpha reductase inhibitors (5-ARIs), the risk of acute urinary retention (AUR) and prostate surgery, and medical costs related to patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). METHODS: Claims recorded over a period of 6.5 years in a nationwide managed care database were analyzed. We conducted time-to-event multivariate analysis to evaluate relationships between adherence (medication possession ratio [MPR] thresholds of 70% or higher, 75% or higher, and 80% or higher), persistence (length of therapy), and the risk of AUR and surgery. We compared mean monthly BPH-related medical costs in patients with MPRs at or above thresholds and those with MPRs below thresholds and determined changes in BPH-related costs associated with 30-day increments of therapy. RESULTS: In AUR analyses (N = 17,293), meeting or exceeding MPR thresholds was associated with a  reduced likelihood of AUR for 70% (hazard ratio [HR], 0.380), 75% (HR, 0.613), and 80% (HR, 0.519) (P < 0.05 for all). In prostate surgery analyses (N = 17,739), the likelihood of surgery was reduced with MPR thresholds of 70% or above (HR, 0.294), 75% or above (HR, 0.542), and 80% or above (HR, 0.436) (P < 0.05 for all). A longer duration of therapy was associated with a reduced likelihood of AUR (HR, 0.860) and surgery (HR, 0.884) (P < 0.05 for both). In both populations, adherence and persistence were also associated with significantly decreased BPH-related medical costs. CONCLUSION: In patients with BPH who received 5-ARI therapy, greater adherence and persistence were associated with significantly reduced risks of AUR and prostate surgery and with significantly lower medical costs. Maximizing adherence may enable patients to realize the potential long-term benefits of 5ARIs.

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[1115]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Androgen Metabolism Gene Polymorphisms, Associations with Prostate Cancer Risk and Pathological Characteristics: A Comparative Analysis between South African and Senegalese Men.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Prostate Cancer. 2012;2012:798634. doi: 10.1155/2012/798634. Epub 2012 Oct 2.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1155/2012/798634

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Fernandez P; Zeigler-Johnson CM; Spangler E; van der Merwe A; Jalloh M; Gueye SM; Rebbeck TR

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Stellenbosch University, P.O. Box 19063, Cape Town 7505, South Africa.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men in developed countries and the leading cause of mortality in males in less developed countries. African ethnicity is one of the major risk factors for developing prostate cancer. Pathways involved in androgen metabolism have been implicated in the etiology of  the disease. Analyses of clinical data and CYP3A4, CYP3A5, and SRD5A2 genotypes were performed in South African White (120 cases; 134 controls), Mixed Ancestry (207 cases; 167 controls), and Black (25 cases; 20 controls) men, as well as in Senegalese men (86 cases; 300 controls). Senegalese men were diagnosed earlier with prostate cancer and had higher median PSA levels compared to South African men. Metastasis occurred more frequently in Senegalese men. Gene polymorphism frequencies differed significantly between South African and Senegalese men. The  CYP3A4 rs2740574 polymorphism was associated with prostate cancer risk and tumor  aggressiveness in South African men, after correction for population stratification, and the SRD5A2 rs523349 CG genotype was inversely associated with high-stage disease in Senegalese men. These data suggest that variants previously associated with prostate cancer in other populations may also affect prostate cancer risk in African men.

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[1116]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Loss of aquaporin 3 protein expression constitutes an independent prognostic factor for progression-free survival: an immunohistochemical study on stage pT1 urothelial bladder cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - BMC Cancer. 2012 Oct 8;12:459. doi: 10.1186/1471-2407-12-459.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1186/1471-2407-12-459

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Otto W; Rubenwolf PC; Burger M; Fritsche HM; Rossler W; May M; Hartmann A; Hofstadter F; Wieland WF; Denzinger S

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - St Josef Medical Centre, Department of Urology of Regensburg University, Regensburg, Germany. wolfgang.otto@klinik.uni-regensburg.de

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Treatment of patients with stage pT1 urothelial bladder cancer (UBC)  continues to be a challenge due to its unpredictable clinical course. Reliable molecular markers that help to determine appropriate individual treatment are still lacking. Loss of aquaporin (AQP) 3 protein expression has previously been shown in muscle-invasive UBC. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prognostic value of AQP3 protein expression with regard to the prognosis of stage pT1 UBC. METHOD: AQP 3 protein expression was investigated by immunohistochemistry in specimens of 87 stage T1 UBC patients, who were diagnosed by transurethral resection of the bladder (TURB) and subsequent second resection  at a high-volume urological centre between 2002 and 2009. Patients underwent adjuvant instillation therapy with Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG). Loss of AQP3 protein expression was defined as complete absence of the protein within the whole tumour. Expression status was correlated retrospectively with clinicopathological and follow-up data (median: 31 months). Multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to assess the value of AQP3 tumour expression with regard to recurrence-free (RFS), progression-free (PFS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS). RFS, PFS and CSS were calculated by Kaplan-Meier analysis and Log rank test. RESULTS: 59% of patients were shown to exhibit AQP3-positive tumours,  whereas 41% of tumours did not express the marker. Loss of AQP3 protein expression was associated with a statistically significantly worse PFS (20% vs. 72%, p=0.020). This finding was confirmed by multivariate Cox regression analysis (HR 7.58, CI 1.29 - 44.68; p=0.025). CONCLUSIONS: Loss of AQP3 protein expression in pT1 UBC appears to play a key role in disease progression and is associated with worse PFS. Considering its potential prognostic value, assessment of AQP3 protein expression could be used to help stratify the behavior of patients with pT1 UBC.

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[1117]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Patient perspective on watchful waiting/active surveillance for localized prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Am Board Fam Med. 2012 Nov-Dec;25(6):763-70. doi: 10.3122/jabfm.2012.06.120128.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 3122/jabfm.2012.06.120128

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Xu J; Neale AV; Dailey RK; Eggly S; Schwartz KL

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA. jxu@med.wayne.edu

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - OBJECTIVE: To describe prostate cancer treatment decision making, focusing on knowledge and attitudes toward observation, known as watchful waiting (WW) or active surveillance (AS), and reasons for not choosing WW/AS. METHODS: Semistructured in-person interviews were conducted with 21 men (14 black; 7 white) with recently diagnosed localized prostate cancer. RESULTS: All cancers were detected by prostate-specific antigen screening; 14 men had low-risk disease. Nineteen chose surgery or radiation treatment. The majority wanted to “get rid of” or “cure” the cancer by undergoing aggressive therapy, even with awareness of the potential for significant side effects. Most men seemed unaware  of the uncertainty/controversies that aggressive treatment may not cure their cancer or improve their survival. Limited knowledge about WW/AS was common, and few remembered WW/AS being presented as a viable option. Rather, many men perceived it as “doing nothing.” Some men, who initially were inclined toward WW/AS, yielded to pressure from family, physicians, or both to choose aggressive  treatment. Lack of physician support was a significant barrier to WW/AS. CONCLUSIONS: The observational strategy (WW/AS) was not viewed as a reasonable approach, even for those with low-risk cancer. The desire for aggressive therapy  may reflect the complex psychology associated with receiving a diagnosis of cancer and the limited supportive counseling received. Further efforts to better  understand and educate patients and physicians may help men make informed and appropriate treatment decisions to maximize quality of life without compromising  survival.

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[1118]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Cixutumumab-Associated Pancolitis in a Patient With Prostate Cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Clin Genitourin Cancer. 2012 Oct 16. pii: S1558-7673(12)00185-1. doi: 10.1016/j.clgc.2012.09.009.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.clgc.2012.09.009

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Bilen MA; Kim J; Wang H; Tu SM

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Internal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.

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[1119]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Evaluation of Urine Cytology in Urothelial Carcinoma Patients: A Comparison of CellprepPlus® Liquid-Based Cytology and Conventional Smear.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Korean J Pathol. 2012 Feb;46(1):68-74. doi: 10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2012.46.1.68. Epub 2012 Feb 23.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 4132/KoreanJPathol.2012.46.1.68

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Son SM; Koo JH; Choi SY; Lee HC; Lee YM; Song HG; Hwang HK; Han HS; Yun SJ; Kim WJ; Kim EJ; Lee OJ

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Pathology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Urine cytology is an important test in the screening of urothlelial neoplasms. The conventional smear (CS) method of testing urine samples has a low  sensitivity, approximately 50% result accuracy for detecting urothelial carcinomas, while liquid-based cytology (LBC) has much improved diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. The aim of this study was to compare the  morphologic features and diagnostic efficacy of CellprepPlus® LBC with those of CS for urine cytology. METHODS: A total of 713 cases of urine specimens collected from November 2009 to September 2010 were included. All specimens were divided equally for the preparation of CellprepPlus® LBC and CS for each case. RESULTS: CellprepPlus® revealed more cellularity, a cleaner background and better cytomorphologic features, but it showed a less intact architectural pattern compared to that of CS. Of the 88 histologically confirmed cases, the diagnostic  sensitivity for CellprepPlus® was 50% and higher than the 37.5% for CS. The specificity of both preparations was 100%. CONCLUSIONS: The CellprepPlus® showed an improved quality of slides and provided better diagnostic accuracy, thus CellprepPlus® could be a first-line screening tool in urinary tract cytology.

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[1120]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Characterisation of a Tip60 specific inhibitor, NU9056, in prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - PLoS One. 2012;7(10):e45539. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045539. Epub 2012 Oct 8.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1371/journal.pone.0045539

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Coffey K; Blackburn TJ; Cook S; Golding BT; Griffin RJ; Hardcastle IR; Hewitt L; Huberman K; McNeill HV; Newell DR; Roche C; Ryan-Munden CA; Watson A; Robson CN

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Solid Tumour Target Discovery Laboratory, Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, United Kingdom.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Tip60 (KAT5) is a histone acetyltransferase (HAT enzyme) involved in multiple cellular processes including transcriptional regulation, DNA damage repair and cell signalling. In prostate cancer, aggressive cases over-express Tip60 which functions as an androgen receptor co-activator via direct acetylation of lysine residues within the KLKK motif of the receptor hinge region. The purpose of this  study was to identify and characterise a Tip60 acetylase inhibitor. High-throughput screening revealed an isothiazole that inhibited both Tip60 and p300 HAT activity. This substance (initially identified as 4-methyl-5-bromoisothiazole) and other isothiazoles were synthesised and assayed  against Tip60. Although an authentic sample of 4-methyl-5-bromoisothiazole was inactive against Tip60, in an in vitro HAT assay, 1,2-bis(isothiazol-5-yl)disulfane (NU9056) was identified as a relatively potent  inhibitor (IC(50) 2 microM). Cellular activity was confirmed by analysis of acetylation of histone and non-histone proteins in a prostate cancer cell line model. NU9056 treatment inhibited cellular proliferation in a panel of prostate cancer cell lines (50% growth inhibition, 8-27 microM) and induced apoptosis via  activation of caspase 3 and caspase 9 in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Also, decreased androgen receptor, prostate specific antigen, p53 and p21 protein levels were demonstrated in response to treatment with NU9056. Furthermore, pre-treatment with NU9056 inhibited both ATM phosphorylation and Tip60 stabilization in response to ionising radiation. Based on the activity of NU9056 and the specificity of the compound towards Tip60 relative to other HAT enzymes, these chemical biology studies have identified Tip60 as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of prostate cancer.

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[1121]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - The effect of postoperative beam, implant, and combination radiation therapy on GI and bladder toxicities in female Medicare beneficiaries with stage I uterine cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Geriatr Oncol. 2012 Oct 1;3(4):344-350. Epub 2012 Jul 18.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.jgo.2012.06.005

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Samper-Ternent R; Asem H; Zhang DD; Kuo YF; Hatch SS; Freeman JL; Berenson AB

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Sealy Center on Aging, University of Texas Medical Branch.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - OBJECTIVE: Determine the risk of late gastrointestinal (GI) and bladder toxicities in women treated for Stage I uterine cancer with postoperative beam, implant, or combination radiation. METHODS: The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) tumor registry and Medicare claims were used to estimate the risk of developing late GI and bladder toxicities by type of radiation received.  Bladder and GI diagnoses were identified 6-60 months after cancer diagnosis. Cox-proportional hazard models were used to estimate risk of any late GI or bladder toxicity due to type of radiation received. RESULTS: A total of 3,024 women with uterine cancer diagnosed from 1992-2005 were identified for analysis with a mean age of 73.9 (Standard Deviation (SD) +/- 6.5). Bladder and GI toxicities occurred most frequently in the combination group, and least in the implant group. After controlling for demographic characteristics, tumor grade, diagnosis year, SEER region, comorbidities, prior GI and bladder diagnosis, and chemotherapy, women receiving implant radiation had a 21% absolute decrease in GI toxicities compared to women receiving combination radiation (Hazard Ratio (HR) 0.79, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.68-0.92). No differences were observed between those receiving beam and combination in GI (HR 1.01 (0.89-1.14)) and bladder (HR 0.95 (0.80-1.11)) toxicities. CONCLUSIONS: Older women receiving combined radiation had the highest rates of GI and bladder toxicities, while women receiving implant radiation alone had the lowest rates. When selecting type of radiation for a patient, these toxicities should be considered. Counseling older women surviving cancer on late toxicities due to radiation must be a priority for physicians caring for them.

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[1122]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Radical cystectomy in patients with preexisting three-piece inflatable penile prosthesis.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Sex Med. 2013 Feb;10(2):595-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2012.02980.x. Epub 2012 Oct 22.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1111/j.1743-6109.2012.02980.x

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Segal RL; Readal N; Pieororazio PM; Kutlu O; Schoenberg M; Bivalacqua TJ

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA. rsegal3@jhmi.edu

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - INTRODUCTION: Radical cystectomy with urinary diversion is the treatment of choice for muscle-invasive, and certain populations with non-invasive, urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. There have not been any reports to date on patients undergoing this surgery who have had previous placement of an inflatable penile prosthesis. AIM: To present the outcomes of four patients with pre-existing inflatable penile prostheses (IPP) with reservoirs within the space of Retzius who were subsequently treated with radical cystectomy for bladder cancer management. METHODS: After obtaining institutional review board approval, the demographic, clinical, and pathologic data were reviewed in the Johns Hopkins Cystectomy Database for patients who underwent radical cystectomy for bladder cancer from 1994 to 2012. A case series of four patients is presented who had a preexisting IPP and their post-operative course and long-term outcomes are reviewed. RESULTS: All four patients had radical cystectomy and ileal conduit urinary diversion with no intra-operative or post-operative complications. One patient was not sexually active and therefore had the reservoir explanted and not replaced. The other three patients had the reservoir removed prior to bladder extirpation and the tubing capped, with reservoir replacement in the pseudocapsule at the termination of the procedure. In one patient an omental flap was used to ensure separation between the reservoir and ileal conduit. The devices were all functional intra-operatively and on follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: As erectile dysfunction is more commonly being diagnosed and treated with IPP insertion at younger ages, surgeons will increasingly encounter pre-placed abdominal reservoirs when performing pelvic surgery. This case series of four patients undergoing radical cystectomy with prior-placed IPPs reveals that the functionality of the IPP can be preserved while still performing oncologically sound extirpative procedures.

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[1123]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Persistent mullerian duct syndrome in a patient with bilateral cryptorchid testes with seminoma.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Hum Reprod Sci. 2012 May;5(2):215-7. doi: 10.4103/0974-1208.101025.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 4103/0974-1208.101025

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Chamrajan S; Vala NH; Desai JR; Bhatt NN

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Pathlogy, Sterling Hospital, Vadodara, Gujarat, India.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Persistent mullerian duct syndrome (PMDS) is a rare form of male pseudohermaphroditism in which mullerian duct derivatives are present in an otherwise normally differentiated 46 XY male. We report a case of a 33-year-old male with PMDS operated for postchemotherapy seminoma. A diagnosis of PMDS was made on subsequent histopathological evaluation.

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[1124]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Comparative and targeted proteomic analyses of urinary microparticles from bladder cancer and hernia patients.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Proteome Res. 2012 Dec 7;11(12):5611-29. doi: 10.1021/pr3008732. Epub 2012 Oct  31.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1021/pr3008732

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Chen CL; Lai YF; Tang P; Chien KY; Yu JS; Tsai CH; Chen HW; Wu CC; Chung T; Hsu CW; Chen CD; Chang YS; Chang PL; Chen YT

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Chang Gung Bioinformatics Center, Department of Urology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, and Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Bladder cancer is a common urologic cancer whose incidence continues to rise annually. Urinary microparticles are an attractive material for noninvasive bladder cancer biomarker discovery. In this study, we applied isotopic dimethylation labeling coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to discover bladder cancer biomarkers in urinary microparticles isolated from hernia (control) and bladder cancer patients. This approach identified 2964 proteins based on more than two distinct peptides, of which 2058 had not previously been reported as constituents of human urine exosomes/microparticles. A total of 107 differentially expressed proteins were identified as candidate biomarkers. Differences in the concentrations of 29 proteins (41 signature peptides) were precisely quantified by LC-MRM/MS in 48 urine samples of bladder cancer, hernia, and urinary tract infection/hematuria. Concentrations of 24 proteins changed significantly (p<0.05) between bladder cancer (n=28) and hernia (n=12), with area-under-the-curve values ranging from 0.702 to 0.896. Finally, we quantified tumor-associated calcium-signal transducer 2 (TACSTD2) in raw urine specimens (n=221) using a commercial ELISA and confirmed its potential value for diagnosis of bladder cancer. Our study reveals a strong association of TACSTD2 with bladder cancer and highlights the potential of human  urinary microparticles in the noninvasive diagnosis of bladder cancer.

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[1125]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Life expectancy estimation in prostate cancer patients.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Can Urol Assoc J. 2012 Oct;6(5):374-5. doi: 10.5489/cuaj.12275.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 5489/cuaj.12275

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Jeldres C

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Fellow, Uro-Oncology, Fred Hutchison Cancer Center, Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle, WA.

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[1126]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - A cough conundrum in a patient with a previous history of BCG immunotherapy for bladder cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - British Medical J (BMJ). Acceso gratuito al texto completo.

            ●● Enlace a la Editora de la Revista bmj.com/search.dtl 

            ●● Cita: British Medical J. (BMJ): <> Case Rep. 2012 Oct 24;2012. pii: bcr2012007327. doi: 10.1136/bcr-2012-007327.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1136/bcr-2012-007327

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Mehta AR; Mehta PR; Mehta RL

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, UK. arpan.mehta@new.oxon.org

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - We describe a non-smoker who presented with a persistent cough, weight loss and general malaise, and had a medical history of bladder carcinoma that had been successfully treated with intravesical BCG immunotherapy. Radiology revealed hilar lymphadenopathy, a predominantly mid-zone and lower-zone lung parenchymal nodular pattern with a perilymphatic distribution, a few thickened interlobular septae, and small pleural effusions bilaterally. The T-SPOT.TB blood test was negative. Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery showed multiple pleural nodules, the histopathology of which showed multiple well-defined non-caseating granulomata. The patient was started on antituberculosis medication for presumed  BCGosis—a systemic complication of previous BCG immunotherapy—and the patient showed an excellent clinical and radiological response. This case further adds to previous reports and reinforces the recommendation that all patients should be made fully aware of the potential systemic and delayed complications of BCG immunotherapy when they are consented for treatment.

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[1127]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - 3p21.3 tumor suppressor gene RBM5 inhibits growth of human prostate cancer PC-3 cells through apoptosis.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - World J Surg Oncol. 2012 Nov 16;10:247. doi: 10.1186/1477-7819-10-247.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1186/1477-7819-10-247

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Zhao L; Li R; Shao C; Li P; Liu J; Wang K

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Pathophysiology, Norman Bethune College of Medicine of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Recent studies have indicated that the nuclear RNA-binding protein RBM5 has the ability to modulate apoptosis and suppress tumor growth. The aim of  this study is to investigate the expression of RBM5 in human prostate cancer and  its mechanism of tumor suppression. METHODS: The expression of RBM5 protein in cancerous prostatic tissues and normal tissues was examined by IHC. PC-3 cell line was used to determine the apoptotic function of RBM5 in vitro. PC-3 cells were transiently transfected with pcDNA3.1-RBM5. Cell viability was determined by MTT assay. Rhodamine 123 staining and Annexin V analysis were performed to observe the apoptotic activity of PC-3 cells overexpressing RBM5. Expression of apoptosis-related genes was assessed by western blot. RESULTS: The expression of  RBM5 protein was significantly decreased in cancerous prostatic tissues compared  to the normal tissues. PC-3 cells overexpressing RBM5 showed not only significant growth inhibition compared with the vector controls, but also dysfunction of mitochondrial membrane potential and increased apoptotic activity. To further define RBM5 function in apoptotic pathways, we investigated differential expression profiles of various BH3-only proteins including Bid, Bad, and Bim, and apoptosis regulatory proteins include P53, cleaved caspase9, and cleaved caspase3. We found that the expression of both BH3-only proteins and apoptosis regulatory proteins was increased in RBM5 transfected cells. CONCLUSION: The expression of RBM5 protein was significantly decreased in cancerous prostatic tissues, which suggests that RBM5 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of  prostate cancer. RBM5 may induce the apoptosis of prostate cancer PC-3 cells by modulating the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, and thus RBM5 might be a promising target for gene therapy on prostate cancer.

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[1128]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - mRNA-Seq of single prostate cancer circulating tumor cells reveals recapitulation of gene expression and pathways found in prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - PLoS One. 2012;7(11):e49144. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049144. Epub 2012 Nov 7.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1371/journal.pone.0049144

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Cann GM; Gulzar ZG; Cooper S; Li R; Luo S; Tat M; Stuart S; Schroth G; Srinivas S; Ronaghi M; Brooks JD; Talasaz AH

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Diagnostic Research, Illumina, Inc., Hayward, California, United States of America.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Circulating tumor cells (CTC) mediate metastatic spread of many solid tumors and  enumeration of CTCs is currently used as a prognostic indicator of survival in metastatic prostate cancer patients. Some evidence suggests that it is possible to derive additional information about tumors from expression analysis of CTCs, but the technical difficulty of isolating and analyzing individual CTCs has limited progress in this area. To assess the ability of a new generation of MagSweeper to isolate intact CTCs for downstream analysis, we performed mRNA-Seq  on single CTCs isolated from the blood of patients with metastatic prostate cancer and on single prostate cancer cell line LNCaP cells spiked into the blood  of healthy donors. We found that the MagSweeper effectively isolated CTCs with a  capture efficiency that matched the CellSearch platform. However, unlike CellSearch, the MagSweeper facilitates isolation of individual live CTCs without  contaminating leukocytes. Importantly, mRNA-Seq analysis showed that the MagSweeper isolation process did not have a discernible impact on the transcriptional profile of single LNCaPs isolated from spiked human blood, suggesting that any perturbations caused by the MagSweeper process on the transcriptional signature of isolated cells are modest. Although the RNA from patient CTCs showed signs of significant degradation, consistent with reports of  short half-lives and apoptosis amongst CTCs, transcriptional signatures of prostate tissue and of cancer were readily detectable with single CTC mRNA-Seq. These results demonstrate that the MagSweeper provides access to intact CTCs and  that these CTCs can potentially supply clinically relevant information.

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[1129]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Targeted therapy for cancer: asking the right questions.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Oncology (Williston Park). 2012 Oct;26(10):947-9.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Schilsky RL

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Section of Hematology-Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

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[1130]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Targeted therapy: its status and promise in selected solid tumors part I: areas of major impact.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Oncology (Williston Park). 2012 Oct;26(10):936-43.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Wu J; Joseph SO; Muggia FM

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Division of Hematology and Oncology, New York University (NYU) School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - “Targeted therapy” is becoming the centerpiece of current therapeutic strategies, and is often mentioned as the desirable direction for future progress. Why and how it is replacing past approaches in the management of solid tumors is the subject of this two-part overview. Here, in Part I, we describe areas where major inroads were initially achieved by targeting angiogenesis (central to the biology of renal cell carcinoma and hepatocellular cancer) and by unraveling pathways in  the heterogeneous tumors of mesenchymal origin—spurred by the identification of  c-Kit-activating mutations in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) and the regressions that ensued when tumors harboring these mutations were exposed to the tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib (Gleevec). More recently, the successes in the treatment of the notoriously refractory malignant melanoma via the targeting of a specific BRAF mutation and via immune activation represent an unprecedented achievement of this new therapeutic direction. For each cancer discussed in the first part of our overview, as well as in Part II, which will deal with more common cancers, we briefly cover the tumor biology, how targeting was achieved, the introduction of immune modulation or immune-conjugates, and the impact these  therapies are having in the disease.

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[1131]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Improvement of the surgical curability of locally confined prostate cancer including non-organ-confined high-risk disease through retropubic radical prostatectomy with intentional wide resection.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - World J Surg Oncol. 2012 Nov 16;10:249. doi: 10.1186/1477-7819-10-249.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1186/1477-7819-10-249

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Okajima E; Yoshikawa M; Masuda Y; Shimizu K; Tanaka N; Hirayama A; Shimada K; Fujimoto K; Hirao Y

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Nara City Hospital, Eijiro Okajima Higasikidera-cho 1-50-1, Nara, Nara, 630-8305, Japan. e-okajima@nara-jadecom.jp

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Retropubic radical prostatectomy with intentional wide resection (RRP-WR), which enables clear location of the prostate apex and the performance of posterolateral wider resection to remove extraprostatic extension, was introduced to our institutions. The aim of this study is to assess the feasibility and the efficacy of RRP-WR as a surgical intervention for locally confined prostate cancer. METHODS: A total of 90 Japanese patients with pathologically proven and clinically locally confined hormone-naive prostate cancer were treated through RRP-WR, and the surgical morbidity was assessed. The  patients were observed without immediate treatment until biochemical recurrence (BCR). RESULTS: The surgical morbidities were comparable to conventional procedures. No positive surgical margin (pSM) was pathologically identified in pT2 cases from prostatectomy specimens. It was identified in only 14.3% of pT3a cases, 36.4% of pT3b cases and 100% of pT4 cases. No apical pSM was found except  for one of the pT4 cases in the levator ani muscle. PSA was at an undetectable level in 80.0% of all cases, 90.0% of pT2 cases, and 67.5% of pT3 and pT4 cases after surgery. The BCR-free survival rate in all cases was 82.4% and that of high-risk cases without pSM was 76.9% at a median follow-up of 19.3 months (3.3 to 59.2). CONCLUSIONS: RRP-WR is feasible and effective in removing organ-confined prostate cancer as well as extraprostatic extension without pSM. Thus, it is worthwhile to evaluate if this procedure improves the clinical outcome of locally confined prostate cancer including high-risk conditions treated by surgical intervention.

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[1132]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - The potential of circulating tumor cells as a liquid biopsy to guide therapy in prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Cancer Discov. 2012 Nov;2(11):974-5. doi: 10.1158/2159-8290.CD-12-0432. Epub 2012 Oct 23.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1158/2159-8290.CD-12-0432

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Pantel K; Alix-Panabieres C

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Tumour Biology, Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Cancer  Center Hamburg, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany. pantel@uke.uni-hamburg.de

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Miyamoto and colleagues present data that prostate-specific antigen/prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSA/PSMA)-based measurements of androgen receptor (AR) signaling in circulating tumor cells (CTC) enable real-time quantitative monitoring of intratumoral AR signaling. This finding indicates that measuring AR signaling within CTCs may help to guide therapy in metastatic prostate cancer and highlights the use of CTCs as liquid biopsy.

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[1133]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Association of obesity and diabetes with serum prostate-specific antigen levels in Japanese males.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Nagoya J Med Sci. 2012 Aug;74(3-4):285-92.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Naito M; Asai Y; Mori A; Fukada Y; Kuwabara M; Katase S; Hishida A; Morita E; Kawai S; Okada R; Nishio K; Tamakoshi A; Wakai K; Hamajima N

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan. mnaito@med.nagoya-u.ac.jp

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Patients with diabetes have been reported to be at an increased risk for cancers  of the pancreas, liver, and colon; however, recent studies have suggested that men with diabetes are at a decreased risk for prostate cancer. Previous studies have found that obese men have lower serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) concentrations than do non-obese men. Further understanding of how obesity and diabetes affect the PSA concentration may improve our ability to detect clinically relevant prostate tumors. This study examined the relationships among  serum PSA level, obesity, and diabetes in apparently healthy Japanese males. We analyzed the baseline data from 2,172 Japanese males (age, 56.8 +/- 6.1 years [mean +/- SD]) who participated in the Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort Study. Diabetes was defined as the presence of both a hemoglobin A1c (JDS) of > or = 6.1% and a fasting plasma glucose level of > or = 126 mg/dL, or a positive medical history. After adjusting for age, the PSA levels were elevated among males with a higher normal BMI (ranging from 23.0 to 24.9) and lowered among men with a BMI of > or = 25.0. In the stratified analysis, these significant differences in BMI categories were absent among diabetics. The mean PSA levels were significantly lower in diabetics than in non-diabetics among subjects aged 60 and over. Our findings suggest that the pre-overweight men had increased PSA levels, and the diabetes was associated with a reduction of PSA levels in elderly.

 

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[1134]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Efficient multicistronic co-expression of hNIS and hTPO in prostate cancer cells  for nonthyroidal tumor radioiodine therapy.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Am J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2012;2(4):483-98. Epub 2012 Oct 15.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Li G; Xiang L; Yang W; Wang Z; Wang J; Chen K

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University Xi’an, Shaanxi, China, 710032 ; Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California CA 90033, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Radioiodine therapy has proven to be a safe and effective approach in the treatment of differentiated thyroid cancer. Similar treatment strategies have been exploited in nonthyroidal malignancies by transfecting hNIS gene into tumor  cells or xenografts. However, rapid radioiodine efflux is often observed after radioiodine uptake, limiting the overall antitumor effects. In this study, we aimed at constructing multicistronic co-expression of hNIS and hTPO genes in tumor cells to enhance the radioiodine uptake and prolong the radioiodine retention. Driven by the cytomegalovirus promoter, hNIS and hTPO were simultaneously inserted into the expression cassette of adenoviral vector. An Ad5 viral vector (Ad-CMV-hTPO-T2A-hNIS) was assembled as a gene therapy vehicle by Gateway technology and 2A method. The co-expression of hNIS and hTPO genes was confirmed by a double-label immunofluorescence assay. The radioiodine ((125)I) uptake and efflux effects induced by co-expression of hNIS and hTPO genes were determined in transfected and non-transfected PC-3 cells. Significantly higher uptake (6.58 +/- 0.56 fold, at 1 h post-incubation) and prolonged retention (5.47 +/- 0.36 fold, at 1 h of cell efflux) of radioiodine ((125)I) were observed in hNIS and hTPO co-expressed PC-3 cells as compared to non-transfected PC-3 cells.  We concluded that the new virus vector displayed favorable radioiodine uptake and retention properties in hNIS-hTPO transfected PC-3 cells. Our study will provide  valuable information on improving the efficacy of hNIS-hTPO co-mediated radioiodine gene therapy.

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[1135]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Analysis of Gleason grade and scores in 90 Nigerian Africans with prostate cancer during the period 1994 to 2004.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Afr Health Sci. 2012 Mar;12(1):69-73.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Ugare UG; Bassey IE; Jibrin PG; Ekanem IA

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Surgery, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria. udeyhenugare@yahoo.com

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - OBJECTIVES: To determine the relative frequency of prostate cancer among surgical specimens, and among prostate specimens received at the pathology department ,University Hospital Calabar. METHODS: Histology records were reviewed for the following: total number of histology specimens received; total number of prostate specimens; total number of prostate cancer; and the total number of cancers in males during the study period. Histology sections 4-5microns thick were cut from  paraffin blocks and stained by Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E). Histopathologic specimens were classified using the grading system of tumour differentiation described by Gleason and associates. RESULTS: One hundred and twenty three cancers of the prostate were received, constituting 2% of the total surgical specimens and 31% of prostate specimens. Thirty three cases (27%) could not be analyzed; therefore the study is based on 90 prostate cancer specimens. Eighty nine (99%) cases were epithelial tumours (adenocarcinoma.) There was a single mesenchymal tumour (rhabdomyosarcoma) (1%). The commonest grade in this study was the high grade (Gleason grade IV). CONCLUSIONS: We observed that prostate cancer  is a common among males (all sites) diagnosed at the University Hospital Calabar, with a peak incidence between the ages of 61 - 70 years (seventh decade).

 

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[1136]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Clipping the extremity of ureter prior to nephroureterectomy is effective in preventing subsequent bladder recurrence after upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Chin Med J (Engl). 2012 Nov;125(21):3821-6.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Chen MK; Ye YL; Zhou FJ; Liu JY; Lu KS; Han H; Liu ZW; Xu ZZ; Qin ZK

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, the Third Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, China.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Bladder recurrent disease is still a challenge in the treatment of upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC). This controlled study aims to investigate the efficacy of early clipping of the distal ureter prior to nephroureterectomy (NU) to prevent bladder recurrence after UTUC. METHODS: Patients with clinical diagnosis of UTUC were subjected to open trans-peritoneal  NU and were randomly divided into two groups. One group received modified NU: clipping the distal ureter prior to NU; while the other group underwent traditional standard NU. Subsequent bladder recurrence was the primary endpoint.  RESULTS: From January 2007 to December 2009, 85 eligible cases were enrolled in this study. Modified NU and standard NU were performed on 42 and 43 patients, respectively. Operation time ((215.73 +/- 21.26) minutes vs. (220.19 +/- 15.35) minutes), blood loss ((105.15 +/- 11.32) ml vs. (110.12 +/- 9.07) ml), transfusion event (11.20% vs. 9.78%), and the in-patient time (10.0 days vs 9.5 days) were not significant between the two groups. After a median follow-up of 28 months (5 - 60), six (14.3%) cases who received modified NU had bladder recurrence, which was significantly lower compared with 15 (34.9%) patients from  the group that underwent standard NU (P = 0.026). In univariate and multivariate  analysis, tumor grade (HR 4.33, 95%CI 2.66 - 6.30, P = 0.01) and operation type (HR 2.35, 95%CI 1.53 - 3.48, P = 0.041) were independent risk factors for subsequent bladder recurrence after UTUC. CONCLUSIONS: Clipping the distal ureter at the beginning of NU significantly reduces bladder recurrence after UTUC. It is reasonable to conclude that clipping the distal portion of ureter trans-peritoneal is an effective surgical procedure for the treatment of UTUC.

 

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[1137]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Prostate cancer incidence and mortality among Puerto Ricans: an updated analysis  comparing men in Puerto Rico with US racial/ethnic groups.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - P R Health Sci J. 2012 Sep;31(3):107-13.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Soto-Salgado M; Suarez E; Torres-Cintron M; Pettaway CA; Colon V; Ortiz AP

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - UPR/MDACC Partnership in Excellence in Cancer Research Program, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - OBJECTIVE: Prostate cancer is the most common cancer and the most common cause of cancer death among men in Puerto Rico (PR). Socioeconomic and racial/ethnic disparities with regard to prostate cancer incidence have been reported in the United States of America (US); however, detailed information regarding health disparities in PR is scarce. METHODS: Age-standardized rates for prostate cancer  incidence and mortality were calculated based on the world standard population using data from the PR Central Cancer Registry and the National Cancer Institute  SEER program. The age-specific relative risks were calculated using Poisson regression models. In addition, incidence and mortality rates in PR were compared by socioeconomic position (SEP) at the municipal level. RESULTS: For the period from 1992 to 2004, the incidence and mortality trends of prostate cancer decreased in all racial/ethnic groups except for PR men and US Hispanics (USH). Non-Hispanic whites (NHW), non-Hispanic blacks (NHB), and USH had higher incidence of prostate cancer than did PR men; however, PR men aged 85+ yrs and USH aged 45-54 yrs/85+ yrs, respectively, had higher incidences than did NHW and  USH. Nonetheless, men in PR had a higher mortality than did USH and NHW. PR men aged 55-64 years with the highest SEP had a 40% higher mortality of prostate cancer than did those with the lowest SEP. CONCLUSION: Areas of concern include the higher mortality of prostate cancer in PR as compared with the USH and NHW in the US. Further research should be performed to guide the design and implementation of prostate cancer prevention and education programs that can increase early detection in PR men.

 

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[1138]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the renal parenchyma.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Indian J Pathol Microbiol. 2012 Jul-Sep;55(3):370-1. doi: 10.4103/0377-4929.101747.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 4103/0377-4929.101747

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Kulshreshtha P; Kannan N; Bhardwaj R; Batra S

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Surgical Oncology, Army Hospital, Delhi, India.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - No case of a primary renal parenchymal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) has been reported previously in the literature although renal pelvic SCCs are well known.  We report an unusual case in a 60-year-old lady who presented with significant weight loss. She was found to have a mid and lower pole left renal tumor with enlarged para-aortic nodes. A left radical nephrectomy and nodal dissection was performed and the pathological stage was T4N1M0. No adjuvant therapy was given. She is alive at 13 months post-surgery.

 

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[1139]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase by 3,3’-Diindolylmethane (DIM) is associated with human prostate cancer cell death in vitro and in vivo.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - PLoS One. 2012;7(10):e47186. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047186. Epub 2012 Oct 9.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1371/journal.pone.0047186

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Chen D; Banerjee S; Cui QC; Kong D; Sarkar FH; Dou QP

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Oncology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - There is a large body of scientific evidence suggesting that 3,3’-Diindolylmethane (DIM), a compound derived from the digestion of indole-3-carbinol, which is abundant in cruciferous vegetables, harbors anti-tumor activity in vitro and in vivo. Accumulating evidence suggests that AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) plays an essential role in cellular energy homeostasis and tumor development and that targeting AMPK may be a promising therapeutic option for cancer treatment in the clinic. We previously reported that a formulated DIM (BR-DIM; hereafter referred as B-DIM) with higher bioavailability was able to induce apoptosis and inhibit cell growth, angiogenesis, and invasion of prostate cancer cells. However, the precise molecular mechanism(s) for the anti-cancer effects of B-DIM have not been fully elucidated. In the present study, we investigated whether AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a molecular target of B-DIM in human prostate cancer cells. Our  results showed, for the first time, that B-DIM could activate the AMPK signaling  pathway, associated with suppression of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), down-regulation of androgen receptor (AR) expression, and induction of apoptosis  in both androgen-sensitive LNCaP and androgen-insensitive C4-2B prostate cancer cells. B-DIM also activates AMPK and down-regulates AR in androgen-independent C4-2B prostate tumor xenografts in SCID mice. These results suggest that B-DIM could be used as a potential anti-cancer agent in the clinic for prevention and/or treatment of prostate cancer regardless of androgen responsiveness, although functional AR may be required.

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[1140]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - ADAM9 decreases in castration resistant prostate cancer and is a prognostic factor for overall survival.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Chin Med J (Engl). 2012 Nov;125(21):3800-5.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Lin GW; Yao XD; Ye DW; Zhang SL; Dai B; Zhang HL; Ma CG

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: A disintegrin and metalloprotease 9 (ADAM9) is a membrane-anchored enzyme which is considered to be involved in some diseases including tumor. However, the role of ADAM9 in castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is not  clear. This study aimed to explore the different expressions on protein and messenger RNA (mRNA) level of ADAM9 between hormonal sensitive prostate cancer (HSPC) and CRPC tissue, and find the correlation with prognosis. METHODS: Clinicopathologic characteristics of 106 HSPC and 76 CRPC cases were collected. The ADAM9 expressions were analyzed using immunohistochemistry. ADAM9 mRNA of 32  additional cases (16 HSPC and 16 CRPC patients) were analyzed via quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The prediction values of variables  for overall survival (OS) of CRPC patients were analyzed using Cox regression. RESULTS: ADAM9 protein expression was significantly downregulated in CRPC compared with HSPC tissue (31.6% vs. 81.1%, P < 0.001). The relativity transcription level of ADAM9 mRNA was 0.45 for CRPC tissue and 1.0 for HSPC tissue (P = 0.002). In the CRPC group, patients with low ADAM9 protein expression were significantly associated with shorter OS than patients with high expression  (38.6 months vs. 57.8 months, hazard rate (HR) = 2.638, P = 0.023). CONCLUSION: ADAM9 expression was low in CRPC, correlated with poor prognosis and might be involved in the succession from HSPC to CRPC by various functions.

 

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[1141]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Plasma-derived exosomal survivin, a plausible biomarker for early detection of prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - PLoS One. 2012;7(10):e46737. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046737. Epub 2012 Oct 16.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1371/journal.pone.0046737

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Khan S; Jutzy JM; Valenzuela MM; Turay D; Aspe JR; Ashok A; Mirshahidi S; Mercola D; Lilly MB; Wall NR

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Department of Biochemistry  and Microbiology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, United States of America.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Survivin is expressed in prostate cancer (PCa), and its downregulation sensitizes PCa cells to chemotherapeutic agents in vitro and in vivo. Small membrane-bound vesicles called exosomes, secreted from the endosomal  membrane compartment, contain RNA and protein that they readily transport via exosome internalization into recipient cells. Recent progress has shown that tumor-derived exosomes play multiple roles in tumor growth and metastasis and may produce these functions via immune escape, tumor invasion and angiogenesis. Furthermore, exosome analysis may provide novel biomarkers to diagnose or monitor PCa treatment. METHODS: Exosomes were purified from the plasma and serum from 39  PCa patients, 20 BPH patients, 8 prostate cancer recurrent and 16 healthy controls using ultracentrifugation and their quantities and qualities were quantified and visualized from both the plasma and the purified exosomes using ELISA and Western blotting, respectively. RESULTS: Survivin was significantly increased in the tumor-derived samples, compared to those from BPH and controls with virtually no difference in the quantity of Survivin detected in exosomes collected from newly diagnosed patients exhibiting low (six) or high (nine) Gleason scores. Exosome Survivin levels were also higher in patients that had relapsed on chemotherapy compared to controls. CONCLUSIONS: These studies demonstrate that Survivin exists in plasma exosomes from both normal, BPH and PCa subjects. The relative amounts of exosomal Survivin in PCa plasma was significantly higher than in those with pre-inflammatory BPH and control plasma.  This differential expression of exosomal Survivin was seen with both newly diagnosed and advanced PCa subjects with high or low-grade cancers. Analysis of plasma exosomal Survivin levels may offer a convenient tool for diagnosing or monitoring PCa and may, as it is elevated in low as well as high Gleason scored samples, be used for early detection.

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[1142]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Prostate cancer: Time for active surveillance of intermediate-risk disease?

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Nat Rev Urol. 2013 Jan;10(1):6-8. doi: 10.1038/nrurol.2012.213. Epub 2012 Nov 13.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1038/nrurol.2012.213

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Ahmed HU

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Division of Surgery and Interventional Sciences, University College London, 4th Floor, 74 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6AU, UK. hashim.ahmed@ucl.ac.uk

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[1143]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Multifocal renal cell carcinoma of different histological subtypes in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Korean J Pathol. 2012 Aug;46(4):382-6. doi: 10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2012.46.4.382.  Epub 2012 Aug 23.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 4132/KoreanJPathol.2012.46.4.382

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Na KY; Kim HS; Park YK; Chang SG; Kim YW

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Pathology, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney (ADPKD) is rare. To date, 54 cases of RCC in ADPKD have been reported. Among these, only 2 cases have different histologic types of RCC. Here we describe a 45-year-old man  who received radical nephrectomy for multifocal RCC with synchronous papillary and clear cell histology in ADPKD and chronic renal failure under regular hemodialysis. The case reported herein is another example of the rare pathological finding of RCC arising in a patient with ADPKD.

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[1144]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Upregulation of MircoRNA-370 induces proliferation in human prostate cancer cells by downregulating the transcription factor FOXO1.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - PLoS One. 2012;7(9):e45825. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045825. Epub 2012 Sep 18.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1371/journal.pone.0045825

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Wu Z; Sun H; Zeng W; He J; Mao X

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1), a key member of the FOXO family of transcription factors, acts as a tumor suppressor and has been associated with various key cellular functions, including cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis and angiogenesis. Therefore, it is puzzling why FOXO protein expression is downregulated in cancer cells. MicroRNAs, non-coding 20~22 nucleotide single-stranded RNAs, result in translational repression or degradation and gene  silencing of their target genes, and significantly contribute to the regulation of gene expression. In the current study, we report that miR-370 expression was significantly upregulated in five prostate cancer cell lines, compared to normal  prostatic epithelial (PrEC) cells. Ectopic expression of miR-370 induced proliferation and increased the anchorage-independent growth and colony formation ability of DU145 and LNCaP prostate cancer cells, while inhibition of miR-370 reduced proliferation, anchorage-independent growth and colony formation ability. Furthermore, upregulation of miR-370 promoted the entry of DU145 and LNCaP prostate cancer cells into the G1/S cell cycle transition, which was associated with downregulation of the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors, p27(Kip1) and p21(Cip1), and upregulation of the cell-cycle regulator cyclin D1 mRNA. Additionally, we demonstrated that miR-370 can downregulate expression of FOXO1 by directly targeting the FOXO1 3’-untranslated region. Taken together, our results suggest that miR-370 plays an important role in the proliferation of human prostate cancer cells, by directly suppressing the tumor suppressor FOXO1.

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[1145]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Sequential therapy with gemcitabine and Carboplatin followed by Paclitaxel as first line treatment for advanced urothelial cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Cancer. 2012;3:362-8. doi: 10.7150/jca.4224. Epub 2012 Sep 6.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 7150/jca.4224

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Kattan JG; Boutros CY; Farhat FS; Chahine GY; Musallam KM; Ghosn MG

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - 1. Cancer Research Group (CRG) Collaborative Group, Hotel-Dieu de France University Hospital;

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Objective: Gemcitabine and platinum-based compounds represent the new standard combination therapy for bladder cancer. In this study, we evaluate the efficacy and safety of gemcitabine and carboplatin followed sequentially by paclitaxel in  27 patients with advanced transitional cell carcinoma.Methods: This phase II multicentre study was based on the doublet gemcitabine 800 mg/m2 and carboplatin  area under the concentration-time curve 2 on days 1 and 8 every 21 days for 4 cycles, followed sequentially by paclitaxel 60 mg/m(2)/w for 12 consecutive weeks. The disease was assessed after each sequence.Results: Primary tumor was localized in the bladder and renal pelvis in 25 and 2 patients, respectively. Twenty patients completed all 4 cycles of the gemcitabine and carboplatin sequence. Mean number of cycles was 3.5 (range 1 to 4). Toxicities were mainly hematologic, including Grade 3 neutropenia and anemia in 3 patients. Objective response was noted in 11 pts (40.7%), including 1 complete response (CR) and 10 partial responses (PR). Three patients had stable disease and 11 progressed. Among the 20 patients, 14 received the second sequence. Mean number of paclitaxel injections was 7 (range 2 to 12). Toxicities were limited to diarrhea and neurotoxicity in 1 patient each. Objective response was documented in 6 patients  (30%) (3 CR and 3 PR), including the improvement of PR into CR in 2 patients. Median duration of response was 6 months. After a median follow-up of 7 months, 21 patients died and 6 remained alive, including 2 who maintained CR and 1 PR.Sixteen patients had locally advanced disease and 11 had metastatic disease, better prognostic was noticed with patients with locally advanced disease.Conclusion: the sequential approach of treatment for advanced urothelial  cancer using gemcitabine and carboplatine followed by paclitaxel seems to be a safer alternative to the combined triplet, but due to the limited number of patients this study failed to improve outcome. Further investigations with larger population are required.

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[1146]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Wilms’ tumor with right heart extension: report of a post-chemotherapeutic fatality.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Indian J Pathol Microbiol. 2012 Jul-Sep;55(3):381-3. doi: 10.4103/0377-4929.101752.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 4103/0377-4929.101752

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Vaideeswar P; Chaudhari JP

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Pathology, Seth G.S. Medical College, Mumbai, India.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Wilms’ tumor (WT) has a strong propensity to invade the vasculature in the form of tumor-thrombus, into the renal veins, and inferior vena cava and even into the right atrium. This cavo-atrial propagation does not alter the prognosis and pre-operative chemotherapy produces shrinkage to the extent of even disappearance of caval or atrial extensions. We present a case of sudden death due to hemorrhagic expansion of the intra-atrial component of WT, immediately after commencement of chemotherapy, an uncommon incident.

 

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[1147]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Tumour-seeding: a rare complication of ablative therapy for clinically localised  renal cell carcinoma.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - British Medical J (BMJ). Acceso gratuito al texto completo.

            ●● Enlace a la Editora de la Revista bmj.com/search.dtl 

            ●● Cita: British Medical J. (BMJ): <> Case Rep. 2012 Sep 30;2012. pii: bcr2012006948. doi: 10.1136/bcr-2012-006948.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1136/bcr-2012-006948

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Akhavein A; Neuberger MM; Dahm P

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Current evidence-based clinical practice guidelines identify surgical resection as the recommended treatment of small renal masses. Ablative approaches such as laparoscopic and percutaneous cryoablation and radiofrequency ablation offer the  promise of complete tumour destruction by a less-invasive approach with regard to outcomes such as anaesthesia requirements, blood loss, length of stay and time to recovery, making them appealing to patients. However, evidence of therapeutic benefits, harms and costs for these methods remains limited. We report a case of  applicator tract seeding by tumour following percutaneous cryoablation of renal cell carcinoma; a rare and potentially under-reported, yet catastrophic complication of ablative therapy.

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[1148]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Inflammatory cytokines and survival factors from serum modulate tweak-induced apoptosis in PC-3 prostate cancer cells.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - PLoS One. 2012;7(10):e47440. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047440. Epub 2012 Oct 15.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1371/journal.pone.0047440

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Sanz AB; Sanchez-Nino MD; Carrasco S; Manzarbeitia F; Ruiz-Andres O; Selgas R; Ruiz-Ortega M; Gonzalez-Enguita C; Egido J; Ortiz A

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Nefrologia, IdiPAZ, Madrid, España.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK, TNFSF12) is a member of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily. TWEAK activates the Fn14 receptor, and  may regulate cell death, survival and proliferation in tumor cells. However, there is little information on the function and regulation of this system in prostate cancer. Fn14 expression and TWEAK actions were studied in two human prostate cancer cell lines, the androgen-independent PC-3 cell line and androgen-sensitive LNCaP cells. Additionally, the expression of Fn14 was analyzed in human biopsies of prostate cancer. Fn14 expression is increased in histological sections of human prostate adenocarcinoma. Both prostate cancer cell lines express constitutively Fn14, but, the androgen-independent cell line PC-3 showed higher levels of Fn14 that the LNCaP cells. Fn14 expression was up-regulated in PC-3 human prostate cancer cells in presence of inflammatory cytokines (TNFalpha/IFNgamma) as well as in presence of bovine fetal serum. TWEAK induced apoptotic cell death in PC-3 cells, but not in LNCaP cells. Moreover, in  PC-3 cells, co-stimulation with TNFalpha/IFNgamma/TWEAK induced a higher rate of  apoptosis. However, TWEAK or TWEAK/TNFalpha/IFNgamma did not induce apoptosis in  presence of bovine fetal serum. TWEAK induced cell death through activation of the Fn14 receptor. Apoptosis was associated with activation of caspase-3, release of mitochondrial cytochrome C and an increased Bax/BclxL ratio. TWEAK/Fn14 pathway activation promotes apoptosis in androgen-independent PC-3 cells under certain culture conditions. Further characterization of the therapeutic target potential of TWEAK/Fn14 for human prostate cancer is warranted.

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[1149]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Androgen receptor signaling in circulating tumor cells as a marker of hormonally  responsive prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Cancer Discov. 2012 Nov;2(11):995-1003. doi: 10.1158/2159-8290.CD-12-0222. Epub 2012 Oct 23.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1158/2159-8290.CD-12-0222

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Miyamoto DT; Lee RJ; Stott SL; Ting DT; Wittner BS; Ulman M; Smas ME; Lord JB; Brannigan BW; Trautwein J; Bander NH; Wu CL; Sequist LV; Smith MR; Ramaswamy S; Toner M; Maheswaran S; Haber DA

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is initially effective in treating metastatic  prostate cancer, and secondary hormonal therapies are being tested to suppress androgen receptor (AR) reactivation in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Despite variable responses to AR pathway inhibitors in CRPC, there are no reliable biomarkers to guide their application. Here, we used microfluidic capture of circulating tumor cells (CTC) to measure AR signaling readouts before  and after therapeutic interventions. Single-cell immunofluorescence analysis revealed predominantly “AR-on” CTC signatures in untreated patients, compared with heterogeneous (“AR-on, AR-off, and AR-mixed”) CTC populations in patients with CRPC. Initiation of first-line ADT induced a profound switch from “AR-on” to “AR-off” CTCs, whereas secondary hormonal therapy in CRPC resulted in variable responses. Presence of “AR-mixed” CTCs and increasing “AR-on” cells despite treatment with abiraterone acetate were associated with an adverse treatment outcome. Measuring treatment-induced signaling responses within CTCs may help guide therapy in prostate cancer. SIGNIFICANCE: Acquired resistance to first-line hormonal therapy in prostate cancer is heterogeneous in the extent of AR pathway  reactivation. Measurement of pre- and posttreatment AR signaling within CTCs may  help target such treatments to patients most likely to respond to second-line therapies.

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[1150]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Improving radiopeptide pharmacokinetics by adjusting experimental conditions for  bombesin receptor-targeted imaging of prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Q J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2012 Oct;56(5):468-75.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Schroeder RP; De Blois E; De Ridder CM; Van Weerden WM; Breeman WA; de Jong M

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - AIM: Prostate cancer (PC) is a major health problem. The Gastrin-Releasing Peptide Receptor (GRPR) offers a promising target for staging and monitoring of PC since it is overexpressed in PC and not in normal prostatic tissue. To improve receptor-mediated imaging we investigated the impact of various experimental conditions on pharmacokinetics using the Indium-111 labelled bombesin (BN) analogue AMBA. Besides frequently used androgen-resistant PC-3 also the clinically more relevant androgen sensitive VCaP celline was used as human PC xenograft in nude mice. METHODS: Non-purified [111In]AMBA was compared with HPLC-purified [111In]AMBA. Effect of specific activity was studied administering  0.1MBq [111In]AMBA supplemented with different amounts of AMBA (1-3000pmol). GRPR was saturated with Tyr4-BN 1 and 4h prior to injection of [111In]AMBA. RESULTS: GRPR-positive tissue showed a significant 2 to 3-fold increase in absolute uptake after HPLC-purification while keeping a stable tumor-to-pancreas ratio. Lowering  specific activity resulted in decline in uptake to 43% in tumor, 49% in kidney and 92% in pancreas between 10 and 3000 pmol. Tumor-to-pancreas ratio improved six-fold from 0.1+/-0 after 10 pmol up to 0.6+/-0.2 after 3000 pmol (P<0.01). When saturating GRPR 4h prior to [111In]AMBA injection tumor-to-pancreas ratio improved from 0.10+/-0.3 to 0.22+/-0.2 (P<0.01) and tumor-to-kidney ratio increased from 0.92+/-0.16 to 3.45+/-0.5 (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Besides specific peptide characteristics also the experimental conditions, such as HPLC-purification, variations in specific activity and saturation of the GRPR prior to [111In]AMBA administration essentially affect radiopeptide pharmacokinetics. Experimental conditions therefore need to be carefully selected in order to compose ideal standardised protocols for optimal targeting.

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[1151]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Dentatin Induces Apoptosis in Prostate Cancer Cells via Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, Survivin Downregulation, Caspase-9, -3/7 Activation, and NF-kappaB Inhibition.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2012;2012:856029. doi: 10.1155/2012/856029. Epub 2012 Oct 3.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1155/2012/856029

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Arbab IA; Looi CY; Abdul AB; Cheah FK; Wong WF; Sukari MA; Abdullah R; Mohan S; Syam S; Arya A; Mohamed Elhassan Taha M; Muharram B; Rais Mustafa M; Ibrahim Abdelwahab S

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - This study was set to investigate antiproliferative potential of dentatin (a natural coumarin isolated from Clausena excavata Burm. F) against prostate cancer and to delineate the underlying mechanism of action. Treatment with dentatin dose-dependently inhibited cell growth of PC-3 and LNCaP prostate cancer cell lines, whereas it showed less cytotoxic effects on normal prostate epithelial cell line (RWPE-1). The inhibitory effect of dentatin on prostate cancer cell growth was due to induction of apoptosis as evidenced by Annexin V staining and cell shrinkage. We found that dentatin-mediated accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and downregulated expression levels of antiapoptotic molecules (Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, and Survivin), leading to disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), cell membrane permeability, and release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria into the cytosol. These effects were associated with induction of caspase-9, -3/7 activities, and subsequent DNA fragmentation. In addition, we found that dentatin inhibited TNF-alpha-induced nuclear translocation of p65, suggesting dentatin as a potential NF-kappaB inhibitor. Thus, we suggest that dentatin may have therapeutic value in prostate cancer treatment worthy of further development.

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[1152]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Practice patterns of Korean urologists for screening and managing prostate cancer according to PSA level.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Yonsei Med J. 2012 Nov 1;53(6):1136-41. doi: 10.3349/ymj.2012.53.6.1136.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 3349/ymj.2012.53.6.1136

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Chung MS; Lee SH; Lee DH; Kim SJ; Kim CS; Lee KS; Jung JI; Kim SW; Lee YS; Chung BH

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 211 Eonju-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Korea. chung646@yuhs.ac

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: There are still debates on the benefit of mass screening for prostate cancer (PCA) by prostate specific antigen (PSA) testing, and on systemized surveillance protocols according to PSA level. Furthermore, there is a paucity of literature on current practice patterns according to PSA level in the Korean urologic field. Here, we report the results of a nationwide, multicenter, retrospective chart-review study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Overall 2122 Korean men  (>40 years old, PSA >2.5 ng/mL) were included in our study (from 122 centers, in  2008). The primary endpoint was to analyze the rate of prostate biopsy according  to PSA level. Secondary aims were to analyze the detection rate of PCA, the clinical features of patients, and the status of surveillance for PCA according to PSA level. RESULTS: The rate of prostate biopsy was 7.1%, 26.3%, 54.2%, and 64.3% according to PSA levels of 2.5-3.0, 3.0-4.0, 4.0-10.0, and >10.0 ng/mL, respectively, and the PCA detection rate was 16.0%, 22.2%, 20.2%, and 59.6%, respectively. At a PSA level >4.0 ng/mL, we found a lower incidence of prostate biopsy in local clinics than in general hospitals (21.6% vs. 66.2%, respectively). A significant proportion (16.6%) of patients exhibited high Gleason scores (>/=8) even in the group with low PSA values (2.5-4.0 ng/mL). CONCLUSION: We believe that the results from this nationwide study might provide  an important database for the establishment of practical guidelines for the screening and management of PCA in Korean populations.

 

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[1153]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - A genetic variant in pre-miR-27a is associated with a reduced renal cell cancer risk in a Chinese population.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - PLoS One. 2012;7(10):e46566. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046566. Epub 2012 Oct 30.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1371/journal.pone.0046566

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Shi D; Li P; Ma L; Zhong D; Chu H; Yan F; Lv Q; Qin C; Wang W; Wang M; Tong N; Zhang Z; Yin C

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs to regulate cell differentiation, proliferation, development, and apoptosis. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs895819 is located at the terminal loop of pre-miR-27a. Here, we aimed to investigate whether SNP rs895819 was associated with the development of renal cell cancer (RCC) in a Chinese population. METHODS: In this case-control study, we recruited 594 RCC patients and 600 cancer-free controls with frequency matched by age and sex. We genotyped this polymorphism using the TaqMan assay and assessed the effect of this polymorphism on RCC survival. Logistic regression model was used to assess the genetic effects on the development of RCC and interactions between rs895819 polymorphism and risk factors. RESULTS: Compared with AA homozygote, individuals carrying AG/GG genotypes had a statistically significant reduced susceptibility to RCC (adjusted OR = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.56-0.90). Furthermore, AG/GG genotypes were associated with reduced RCC susceptibility in localized clinical stage (adjusted OR = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.55-0.91), and similar effects were observed in well differentiated and poorly differentiated RCC (adjusted OR = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.55-0.93 for well differentiated, adjusted OR = 0.51, 95% CI = 0.28-0.93 for poorly differentiated). We also observed that rs895819 had multiplicative interactions with age and hypertension. However, the polymorphism did not influence the survival of RCC. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that the pre-miR-27a rs895819 polymorphism can predict RCC risk in a Chinese population. Larger population-based prospective studies should be used to validate our findings.

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[1154]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Cost-effectiveness analysis of medical treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia  in the Brazilian public health system.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Int Braz J Urol. 2012 Sep-Oct;38(5):595-605.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Bahia LR; Araujo DV; Pepe C; Trindade M; Camargo CM; Javaroni V

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - OBJECTIVE: To perform a cost-effectiveness analysis of medical treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) under Brazilian public health system perspective (Unified Health System—“Sistema Unico de Saude (SUS)”). MATERIAL AND METHODS: A revision of the literature of the medical treatment of BPH using alpha-blockers, 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors and combinations was carried out. A  panel of specialists defined the use of public health resources during episodes of acute urinary retention (AUR), the treatment and the evolution of these patients in public hospitals. A model of economic analysis (Markov) predicted the number of episodes of AUR and surgeries (open prostatectomy and transurethral resection of the prostate) related to BPH according to stages of evolution of the disease. Brazilian currency was converted to American dollars according to the theory of Purchasing Power Parity (PPP 2010: US$ 1 = R$ 1.70). RESULTS: The use of finasteride reduced 59.6% of AUR episodes and 57.9% the need of surgery compared to placebo, in a period of six years and taking into account a treatment discontinuity rate of 34%. The mean cost of treatment was R$ 764.11 (US$ 449.78)  and R$ 579.57 (US$ 340.92) per patient in the finasteride and placebo groups, respectively. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICERs) was R$ 4.130 (US$  2.429) per episode of AUR avoided and R$ 2.735 (US$ 1.609) per episode of surgery avoided. The comparison of finasteride + doxazosine to placebo showed a reduction of 75.7% of AUR episodes and 66.8% of surgeries in a 4 year time horizon, with a  ICERs of R$ 21.191 (US$ 12.918) per AUR episodes avoided and R$ 11.980 (US$ 7.047) per surgery avoided. In the sensitivity analysis the adhesion rate to treatment and the cost of finasteride were the main variables that influenced the results. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that the treatment of BPH with finasteride is cost-effective compared to placebo in the Brazilian public health  system perspective.

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[1155]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - The risk of bladder cancer in korean diabetic subjects treated with pioglitazone.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Diabetes Metab J. 2012 Oct;36(5):371-8. doi: 10.4093/dmj.2012.36.5.371. Epub 2012 Oct 18.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 4093/dmj.2012.36.5.371

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Song SO; Kim KJ; Lee BW; Kang ES; Cha BS; Lee HC

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: There is growing concern regarding the increased incidence of bladder cancer in diabetic patients using pioglitazone. This study aimed to investigate the association between bladder cancer and the use of pioglitazone in Korean diabetics. METHODS: This retrospective, matched case-control study included a case group (n=329) of diabetic patients with bladder cancer who presented at the  Severance Hospital from November 2005 to June 2011. The control group consisted of patients without bladder cancer (1:2 ratio matching for sex and age, n=658) who were listed on the Severance Hospital diabetes registry. RESULTS: The percentage of subjects who had ever used pioglitazone was significantly lower in  the case group than in the control group (6.4% vs. 15.0%, P<0.001). Multivariate  conditional logistic analysis revealed that independent factors affecting bladder cancer were smoking (odds ratio [OR], 11.64; 95% confidence interval [CI], 6.56 to 20.66; P<0.001), coexisting cancer (OR, 6.11; 95% CI, 2.25 to 16.63; P<0.001), and hemoglobin levels (OR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.69 to 0.88; P<0.001). The OR of the history of pioglitazone use was 2.09 and was not significantly different between  the two groups (95% CI, 0.26 to 16.81; P=0.488). CONCLUSION: A relationship between pioglitazone use and incidence of bladder cancer was not observed in Korean diabetic patients. This suggests that the risk for bladder cancer in Korean diabetic subjects treated with pioglitazone might be different from that of Caucasian populations. Large-scale, well-designed and multi-center studies are needed to further evaluate this relationship.

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[1156]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - An accurate prostate cancer prognosticator using a seven-gene signature plus Gleason score and taking cell type heterogeneity into account.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - PLoS One. 2012;7(9):e45178. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045178. Epub 2012 Sep 28.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1371/journal.pone.0045178

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Chen X; Xu S; McClelland M; Rahmatpanah F; Sawyers A; Jia Z; Mercola D

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - One of the major challenges in the development of prostate cancer prognostic biomarkers is the cellular heterogeneity in tissue samples. We developed an objective Cluster-Correlation (CC) analysis to identify gene expression changes in various cell types that are associated with progression. In the Cluster step,  samples were clustered (unsupervised) based on the expression values of each gene through a mixture model combined with a multiple linear regression model in which cell-type percent data were used for decomposition. In the Correlation step, a Chi-square test was used to select potential prognostic genes. With CC analysis,  we identified 324 significantly expressed genes (68 tumor and 256 stroma cell expressed genes) which were strongly associated with the observed biochemical relapse status. Significance Analysis of Microarray (SAM) was then utilized to develop a seven-gene classifier. The Classifier has been validated using two independent Data Sets. The overall prediction accuracy and sensitivity is 71% and 76%, respectively. The inclusion of the Gleason sum to the seven-gene classifier  raised the prediction accuracy and sensitivity to 83% and 76% respectively based  on independent testing. These results indicated that our prognostic model that includes cell type adjustments and using Gleason score and the seven-gene signature has some utility for predicting outcomes for prostate cancer for individual patients at the time of prognosis. The strategy could have applications for improving marker performance in other cancers and other diseases.

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[1157]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - miR-17-5p targets the p300/CBP-associated factor and modulates androgen receptor  transcriptional activity in cultured prostate cancer cells.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - BMC Cancer. 2012 Oct 24;12:492. doi: 10.1186/1471-2407-12-492.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1186/1471-2407-12-492

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Gong AY; Eischeid AN; Xiao J; Zhao J; Chen D; Wang ZY; Young CY; Chen XM

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68178, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Androgen receptor (AR) signalling is critical to the initiation and progression of prostate cancer (PCa). Transcriptional activity of AR involves chromatin recruitment of co-activators, including the p300/CBP-associated factor  (PCAF). Distinct miRNA expression profiles have been identified in PCa cells during the development and progression of the disease. Whether miRNAs regulate PCAF expression in PCa cells to regulate AR transcriptional activity is still unclear. METHODS: Expression of PCAF was investigated in several PCa cell lines by qRT-PCR, Western blot, and immunocytochemistry. The effects of PCAF expression on AR-regulated transcriptional activity and cell growth in PCa cells were determined by chromatin immunoprecipitation, reporter gene construct analysis, and MTS assay. Targeting of PCAF by miR-17-5p was evaluated using the luciferase  reporter assay. RESULTS: PCAF was upregulated in several PCa cell lines. Upregulation of PCAF promoted AR transcriptional activation and cell growth in cultured PCa cells. Expression of PCAF in PCa cells was associated with the downregulation of miR-17-5p. Targeting of the 3’-untranslated region of PCAF mRNA by miR-17-5p caused translational suppression and RNA degradation, and, consequently, modulation of AR transcriptional activity in PCa cells. CONCLUSIONS: PCAF is upregulated in cultured PCa cells, and upregulation of PCAF  is associated with the downregulation of miR-17-5p. Targeting of PCAF by miR-17-5p modulates AR transcriptional activity and cell growth in cultured PCa cells.

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[1158]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - A functional polymorphism in the CYR61 (IGFBP10) gene is associated with prostate cancer risk.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 2013 Mar;16(1):95-100. doi: 10.1038/pcan.2012.41.  Epub 2012 Oct 9.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1038/pcan.2012.41

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Tao L; Chen J; Zhou H; Qin C; Li P; Cao Q; Li J; Ju X; Zhu C; Wang M; Zhang Z; Shao P; Yin C

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: CYR61 (cysteine-rich protein 61, also named IGFBP10) is a secreted signaling molecule that promotes angiogenesis and tumor growth. The goal of this  study is to determine whether a functional polymorphism in the promoter region of the CYR61 gene (rs3753793) is associated with prostate cancer (PCa) risk and gene expression in Chinese patients. METHODS: A total of 665 patients diagnosed with PCa and 703 cancer-free controls were genotyped in this hospital-based case-control study, and 26 PCa tissue samples were evaluated for mRNA expression  of CYR61 by real-time quantitative reverse-transcription PCR. RESULTS: Men carrying the G allele of rs3753793 (TG+GG) had significantly lower risk of PCa when compared with the TT genotype (odds ratio (OR) = 0.76, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.61-0.95). The association was generally more pronounced among subgroups of PCa patients with advanced stage (OR = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.53-0.94), Gleason score >7 (OR = 0.63, 95% CI = 0.46-0.86) and PSA>20 ng ml(-1) (OR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.53-0.88). Prostate tumors derived from cases with the GT/GG genotypes  had significantly lower levels of CYR61 mRNA when compared with cases with the TT genotypes (P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that the genetic variation of rs3753793 in the CYR61 promoter may contribute to genetic predisposition to PCa and intra-tumor expression gene expression.

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[1159]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Polymorphisms in thioredoxin reductase and selenoprotein K genes and selenium status modulate risk of prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - PLoS One. 2012;7(11):e48709. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048709. Epub 2012 Nov 1.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1371/journal.pone.0048709

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Meplan C; Rohrmann S; Steinbrecher A; Schomburg L; Jansen E; Linseisen J; Hesketh J

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Increased dietary intake of Selenium (Se) has been suggested to lower prostate cancer mortality, but supplementation trials have produced conflicting results. Se is incorporated into 25 selenoproteins. The aim of this work was to assess whether risk of prostate cancer is affected by genetic variants in genes coding for selenoproteins, either alone or in combination with Se status. 248 cases and  492 controls from an EPIC-Heidelberg nested case-control study were subjected to  two-stage genotyping with an initial screening phase in which 384 tagging-SNPs covering 72 Se-related genes were determined in 94 cases and 94 controls using the Illumina Goldengate methodology. This analysis was followed by a second phase in which genotyping for candidate SNPs identified in the first phase was carried  out in the full study using Sequenom. Risk of high-grade or advanced stage prostate cancer was modified by interactions between serum markers of Se status and genotypes for rs9880056 in SELK, rs9605030 and rs9605031 in TXNRD2, and rs7310505 in TXNRD1. No significant effects of SNPs on prostate cancer risk were  observed when grade or Se status was not taken into account. In conclusion, the risk of high-grade or advanced-stage prostate cancer is significantly altered by  a combination of genotype for SNPs in selenoprotein genes and Se status. The findings contribute to explaining the biological effects of selenium intake and genetic factors in prostate cancer development and highlight potential roles of thioredoxin reductases and selenoprotein K in tumour progression.

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[1160]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Awareness of general public towards cancer prostate and screening practice in arabic communities: a comparative multi-center study.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2012;13(9):4321-6.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Arafa MA; Rabah DM; Wahdan IH

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology/Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, King Saud University, Egypt.  mostafaarafa@hotmail.com

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - The current study aimed at exploring the knowledge and beliefs of men aged forty  years and over towards prostate cancer screening and early detection in three Arab countries. The field work was conducted in three countries; Saudi Arabia, Egypt and Jordan, during the period February through December 2011. Our target population were men aged 40 years and over. It was a population-based cross sectional study comprising 400 subjects at each site. In addition to socio-demographic data, history of the present and past medical illness, practice history of prostatic cancer examination, family history of cancer prostate; participants were inquired about their knowledge and attitude towards prostate cancer and screening behavior using two different likert scales. The percentage of participants who practiced regular prostate check up ranged from 8-30%. They had poor knowledge and fair attitude towards prostate cancer screening behavior,  where the mean total knowledge score was 10.25+/-2.5, 10.76+/-3.39 and 11.24+/-3.39 whereas the mean total attitude score was 18.3+/-4.08, 20.68+/-6.4 and 17.96+/-5.3 for Saudi Arabia, Egypt and Jordan respectively. The respondents  identified the physicians as the main sources of this information (62.4%), though they were not the main motives for regular checkup. Knowledge was the only significant predictor for participants’ attitude in the multiple regression models. Participants’ attitudes depends mainly on level of knowledge and quantity of information provided to the patients and their families. Such attitudes should rely on a solid background of proper information and motivation from physicians to enhance and empower behaviors towards prostate cancer screening practices.

 

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[1161]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Repeat transrectal prostate biopsies in diagnosing prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Folia Med (Plovdiv). 2012 Apr-Jun;54(2):22-6.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Bakardzhiev IV; Dechev ID; Wenig T; Mateva NG; Mladenova MM

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Medical University, St George University Hospital, Plovdiv, Bulgaria. ivanbakardzhiev@yahoo.com

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Patients with negative prostate biopsy and persistent suspicion of prostate cancer (PCa) can pose a serious diagnostic problem. The AIM of our study was to determine the frequency of PCa found on repeat prostate biopsy and the factors leading to higher possibility of cancer positive histological result. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We studied retrospectively 113 patients (82 from University Clinic,  Jena, Germany and 31 from Department of Urology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria) with initial  negative biopsy for cancer who underwent repeat biopsies. The patients were examined between January 1999 and May 2010. The target group included patients with Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) level lower than 12.5 ng/ml and without suspicious finding on digital rectal examination (DRE). Different biopsy schemes  were used in the initial and the following biopsies, depending on patient age and total prostate volume. RESULTS: Overall PCa detection rate was 22.1% (25 of 113). The repeat biopsy found PCa in 15.9% (18 of 113). In patients with 3 biopsies the PCa detection rate was considerably lower—only 8.6% (3 of 35). PCa was found in  only 1 patient of 18 (5.5%) who underwent four or more biopsies. Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) was performed in 15 patients with at least two previously negative biopsies. The pathohistological examination of the resected tissue showed PCa in 3 of the patients (20%). CONCLUSION: The interval between biopsies is not a significant predictive factor for positive prostate biopsy. The chance for detecting PCa after the second negative transrectal biopsy procedure is low. Therefore, TURP can be used as an alternative procedure to harvest adequate tissue material for pathologic examination, especially in patients with  obstructive voiding symptoms.

 

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[1162]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Malignant hypertension with an unusual presentation mimicking the immune mediated pulmonary renal syndrome.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Yonsei Med J. 2012 Nov 1;53(6):1224-7. doi: 10.3349/ymj.2012.53.6.1224.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 3349/ymj.2012.53.6.1224

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Park HS; Hong YA; Chung BH; Kim HW; Park CW; Yang CW; Jin DC; Kim YS; Choi BS

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University  of Korea, School of Medicine, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, Korea.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - A 27-year-old man presented at the emergency room with hemoptysis. His blood pressure was 180/100 mm Hg, and he had no history of hypertension. Chest radiographs showed bilateral infiltration, suggestive of alveolar hemorrhage. His laboratory data were consistent with acute kidney injury. His serum creatinine level increased abruptly; therefore, renal biopsy was performed. Steroid pulse therapy was administered because of a strong suspicion of immune-mediated pulmonary renal syndrome. Renal biopsy showed proliferative endarteritis, fibrinoid necrosis, and intraluminal thrombi in the vessels without crescent formation or necrotizing lesions. Steroid pulse therapy rapidly tapered and stopped. His serum creatinine level gradually decreased with strict blood pressure control. Ten months after discharge, his blood pressure was approximately 120/80 mm Hg with a serum creatinine level of 1.98 mg/dL. Pulmonary renal syndrome is generally caused by an immune-mediated mechanism. However, malignant hypertension accompanying renal insufficiency and heart dysfunction causing end-organ damage can create a pulmonary hemorrhage, similar to pulmonary  renal syndrome caused by an immune-mediated mechanism. The present case shows that hypertension, a common disease, can possibly cause pulmonary renal syndrome, a rare condition.

 

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[1163]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - WNT10A plays an oncogenic role in renal cell carcinoma by activating WNT/beta-catenin pathway.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - PLoS One. 2012;7(10):e47649. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047649. Epub 2012 Oct 19.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1371/journal.pone.0047649

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Hsu RJ; Ho JY; Cha TL; Yu DS; Wu CL; Huang WP; Chu P; Chen YH; Chen JT; Yu CP

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a malignancy with poor prognosis. WNT/beta-catenin  signaling dysregulation, especially beta-catenin overactivation and WNT antagonist silencing, is associated with RCC carcinogenesis and progression. However, the role of WNT ligands in RCC has not yet been determined. We screened  19 WNT ligands from normal kidney and RCC cell lines and tissues and found that WNT10A was significantly increased in RCC cell lines and tissues as compared to that in normal controls. The clinical significance of increase in WNT10A was evaluated by performing an immunohistochemical association study in a 19-year follow-up cohort comprising 284 RCC and 267 benign renal disease (BRD) patients.  The results of this study showed that WNT10A was dramatically upregulated in RCC  tissues as compared to that in BRD tissues. This result suggests that WNT10A, nuclear beta-catenin, and nuclear cyclin D1 act as independent risk factors for RCC carcinogenesis and progression, with accumulative risk effects. Molecular validation of cell line models with gain- or loss-of-function designs showed that forced WNT10A expression induced RCC cell proliferation and aggressiveness, including higher chemoresistance, cell migration, invasiveness, and cell transformation, due to the activation of beta-catenin-dependent signaling. Conversely, WNT10A siRNA knockdown decreased cell proliferation and aggressiveness of RCC cells. In conclusion, we showed that WNT10A acts as an autocrine oncogene both in RCC carcinogenesis and progression by activating WNT/beta-catenin signaling.

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[1164]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Radical prostatectomy is the most cost-effective primary treatment modality for men diagnosed with high-risk prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Can Urol Assoc J. 2012 Oct;6(5):396-8. doi: 10.5489/cuaj.12272.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 5489/cuaj.12272

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Fradet Y

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Professor of Surgery/Urology, Universite Laval, Quebec, QC.

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[1165]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Initial brazilian experience in the treatment of localized prostate cancer using  a new generation cryotechnology: feasibility study.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Int Braz J Urol. 2012 Sep-Oct;38(5):620-6.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Kim FJ; Cerqueira MA; Almeida JC; Pompeo A; Sehrt D; Calheiros JM; Martins FA; Molina WR

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, Colorado, USA. Fernando.Kim@dhha.org

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - INTRODUCTION: The objective of our study is to present the first Brazilian cryoablation experience in the treatment of low and intermediate risk localized prostate cancer using 3rd generation cryoablation and real-time biplanar transrectal ultrasonography. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten Brazilian patients underwent primary cryoablation for localized prostate cancer between October 2010 and June 2011. All patients consented for whole gland primary cryotherapy. The procedures were performed by 3rd generation cryoablation with the Cryocare System ® (Endocare, Irvine, California). Preoperative data collection included patient demographics along with prostate gland size, Gleason score, serum prostate specific antigen, and erectile function status. Operative and post—operative assessment involved estimated blood loss, operative time, complications, serum PSA level, erectile function status, urinary incontinence, biochemical disease free survival (BDFS), and follow-up time. RESULTS: All patients in the study successfully underwent whole gland cryoablation. The mean of: age, prostate size, PSA level, and Gleason score, was 66.2 years old; 40.7 g; 7.8 ng/mL; and 6 respectively. All patients were classified as low or moderate D’ Amico risk (5 low and 5 moderate). Erectile dysfunction was present in 50% of patients. The estimated blood loss was minimal, operative time was 46.1 minutes. All patients that developed erectile dysfunction post-treatment responded to oral or intracavernosal medications with early penile rehabilitation. All patients maintained urinary continence by the end of a 10 months evaluation period and none had biochemical relapse within the mean follow-up of 13 months (7-15 months). CONCLUSION: Our initial experience shows that cryoablation is a minimally invasive option for the treatment of localized prostate cancer. Short term data seems to be promising but longer follow-up is necessary to verify oncological and functional results.

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[1166]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Bcl-2 family of proteins as therapeutic targets in genitourinary neoplasms.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Clin Genitourin Cancer. 2013 Mar;11(1):10-9. doi: 10.1016/j.clgc.2012.09.002. Epub 2012 Oct 17.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.clgc.2012.09.002

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Hall C; Troutman SM; Price DK; Figg WD; Kang MH

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center,  Lubbock, TX 79416, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - INTRODUCTION: Overexpression of antiapoptotic B-cell lymphoma (Bcl-2) proteins confers the dysregulation of apoptosis and results in drug resistance in a variety of cancers, including those of the genitourinary tract. Inhibitors that target prosurvival Bcl-2 proteins are in preclinical and clinical development. The objective of this review is to assess the involvement of Bcl-2 proteins as well as the preclinical and clinical activity of Bcl-2 inhibitors under evaluation for genitourinary neoplasms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: PubMed was used with both medical subject heading terms and free search to identify the relevant  literature. Information on clinical trials was obtained using Clincaltrials.gov, EU Clinical Trials Register, and meeting abstracts of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. RESULTS: To date, 2 Bcl-2 inhibitors have been evaluated in clinical trials for genitourinary tumors (oblimersen and AT-101 (R-(-)-gossypol)). Both agents demonstrated some success in early stages of development, but their clinical activity did not meet expectations. Preclinical studies are under way for other Bcl-2 inhibitors including ABT-737, HA14-1, and Bcl-2 homology 3 inhibitors. CONCLUSION: Antiapoptotic Bcl-2 proteins are potential molecular targets in genitourinary cancers. Bcl-2 inhibitors might  be effective as single agents or in combination with conventional therapies. However, the biology of the Bcl-2 family in genitourinary cancers remains poorly  understood and robust preclinical studies are needed to inform clinical development. Such studies should aim to identify: (1) pharmacodynamic markers that could help guide patient selection for treatment with Bcl-2 inhibitors, and  (2) optimal combinations of Bcl-2 inhibitors with other anticancer agents for future clinical investigation.

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[1167]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - A case of paratesticular leiomyosarcoma successfully treated with orchiectomy and chemotherapy.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Cancer Res. Acceso gratuito al texto completo a partir de 1 año de la fecha de publicación.

            ●● Enlace a la Editora de la Revista cancerres.aacrjournals.org/ 

            ●● Cita: Cancer Research: <> Treat. 2012 Sep;44(3):210-4. doi: 10.4143/crt.2012.44.3.210. Epub 2012 Sep 30.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 4143/crt.2012.44.3.210

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Ko BS; Kim NY; Ryu AJ; Kim DS; Gong SJ; Kim DK; Son HJ; Lee JA

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Internal Medicine, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - A 50-year-old male patient presented with a right scrotal mass that had been growing rapidly for more than one year. A heterogeneous enhancing right scrotal mass (12x9 cm) with para-aortic and peri-caval lymphadenopathies was found on abdominal computed tomography (CT). Right orchiectomy was performed and the gross finding had shown intact testis with a well-defined, huge, whitish solid mass adjacent to the testis. According to pathology, the mass was characterized as a leiomyosarcoma, grade 3 (by National Cancer Instituted [NCI] system). Therefore,  the diagnosis was stage III, grade 3 paratesticular leiomyosarcoma. The patient underwent additional systemic chemotherapy using ifosfamide and adriamycin. After nine cycles of chemotherapy, positron emission tomography-CT was performed and no FDP uptake was observed. The patient has been followed up for 12 months after systemic chemotherapy, and he has maintained a complete response. We report here  on a rare case of paratesticular leiomyosarcoma treated successfully with orichiectomy and additional systemic chemotherapy.

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[1168]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - General commentary to the “management of biochemical recurrence after primary localized therapy for prostate cancer” by darwish o. M. And raj g. V.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Front Oncol. 2012;2:126. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2012.00126. Epub 2012 Sep 27.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 3389/fonc.2012.00126

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Shilkrut M; Feng F; Hamstra DA

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan Health System Ann Arbor, MI, USA.

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[1169]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Progress in gene therapy for prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Front Oncol. 2012;2:172. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2012.00172. Epub 2012 Nov 19.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 3389/fonc.2012.00172

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Ahmed KA; Davis BJ; Wilson TM; Wiseman GA; Federspiel MJ; Morris JC

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Gene therapy has held promise to correct various disease processes. Prostate cancer represents the second leading cause of cancer death in American men. A number of clinical trials involving gene therapy for the treatment of prostate cancer have been reported. The ability to efficiently transduce tumors with effective levels of therapeutic genes has been identified as a fundamental barrier to effective cancer gene therapy. The approach utilizing gene therapy in  prostate cancer patients at our institution attempts to address this deficiency.  The sodium-iodide symporter (NIS) is responsible for the ability of the thyroid gland to transport and concentrate iodide. The characteristics of the NIS gene suggest that it could represent an ideal therapeutic gene for cancer therapy. Published results from Mayo Clinic researchers have indicated several important successes with the use of the NIS gene and prostate gene therapy. Studies have demonstrated that transfer of the human NIS gene into prostate cancer using adenovirus vectors in vitro and in vivo results in efficient uptake of radioactive iodine and significant tumor growth delay with prolongation of survival. Preclinical successes have culminated in the opening of a phase I trial for patients with advanced prostate disease which is currently accruing patients. Further study will reveal the clinical promise of NIS gene therapy in the treatment of prostate as well as other malignancies.

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[1170]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - The binding affinity and molecular basis of the structure-binding relationship between urinary Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein and tumor necrosis factor-alpha.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Molecules. 2012 Oct 11;17(10):11978-89. doi: 10.3390/molecules171011978.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 3390/molecules171011978

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Wu CH; Li KJ; Siao SC; Chen YH; Wu TH; Tsai CY; Yu CL

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and National Taiwan University Hospital, No.7 Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei 100,  Taiwan.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - In a previous study we noted significant THP binding to TNF-alpha, but did not explore the molecular basis of the structure-binding relationship. In this study, we used lectin-binding ELISA to assess the carbohydrate compositions of THP, BSA, IgG, TNF-alpha, and IFN-g. We identified beta(1,4)-N-acetylglucosamine oligomers  (GlcNAc) and GlcNAc/branched mannose in BSA, IgG, TNF-alpha, and THP, but not in  IFN-g. These carbohydrate moieties mediated binding with THP. Small amounts of Siaalpha(2,3)Gal/ GalNAc, Sia(2,6)Gal/GalNAc, and mannose residues were also present in THP and TNF-alpha. Binding affinity (K(d)) between THP and TNF-alpha by Scatchard plot analysis was 1.4-1.7 x 10(-)(6) M, lower than antigen-antibody  or ligand-receptor binding affinities. To elucidate the structure-binding relationship of THP-TNF-alpha, THP was digested with neuraminidase, beta-galactosidase, O-sialoglycoprotein endopeptidase, carboxypeptidase Y, or proteinase K. beta-galactosidase increased binding capacity of THP for TNF-alpha. Monosaccharide inhibition suggested that alpha-methyl-D-mannoside, GlcNAc, and GalNAc, but not sialic acid, suppress THP-TNF-alpha binding as detected by ELISA. We conclude that sugar-lectin and sugar-protein interactions between cognate sites in THP and TNF-alpha mediate their binding.

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[1171]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - The chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter-transcription factor II negatively regulates the transactivation of androgen receptor in prostate cancer cells.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - PLoS One. 2012;7(11):e49026. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049026. Epub 2012 Nov 7.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1371/journal.pone.0049026

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Song CH; Lee HJ; Park E; Lee K

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Hormone Research Center, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Androgen receptor (AR) is involved in the development and progression of prostate cancers. However, the mechanisms by which this occurs remain incompletely understood. In previous reports, chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter-transcription factor II (COUP-TF II) has been suggested to play a role in the development of cancers. In the present study, we explored a putative role  of COUP-TF II in prostate cancers by investigating its effect on cell proliferation and a cross-talk between COUP-TF II and AR. Overexpression of COUP-TF II results in the inhibition of androgen-dependent proliferation of prostate cancer cells. Further studies show that COUP-TF II functions as a corepressor of AR. It represses AR transactivation on target promoters containing the androgen response element (ARE) in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, COUP-TF II interacts physically with AR in vitro and in vivo. It binds to both the DNA binding domain (DBD) and the ligand-binding domain (LBD) of AR and disrupts the N/C terminal interaction of AR. Furthermore, COUP-TF II competes with coactivators such as ARA70, SRC-1, and GRIP1 to modulate AR transactivation  as well as inhibiting the recruitment of AR to its ARE-containing target promoter. Taken together, our findings suggest that COUP-TF II is a novel corepressor of AR, and provide an insight into the role of COUP-TF II in prostate cancers.

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[1172]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Mucinous adenocarcinoma of the urinary bladder after long-term duodeno-renal and  colovesical fistula—case report.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Chirurgia (Bucur). 2012 Jul-Aug;107(4):534-6.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Petrovic J; Barisic G; Krivokapic Z; Krivokapic B

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department for Colorectal Diseases, Clinic for Digestive Surgery, 1” Surgical Clinic, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Primary adenocarcinoma of the urinary bladder is a rare neoplasm. It accounts for 1-2% of all bladder carcinomas and sometimes may be found in the bladder diverticula. Fistula between duodenum and renal pelvis is another rarity while colovesical fistula is not so uncommon. We present a case of a 40 years old man who had surgery for colovesical and duodenorenal fistula and subsequently developed adenocarcinoma of the urinary bladder.

 

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[1173]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Treatment with finasteride and prostate cancer survival.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Scand J Urol. 2012 Nov 9.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 3109/00365599.2012.737366

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Kjellman A; Friis S; Granath F; Gustafsson O; Sorensen HT; Akre O

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Clinical Science, Intervention, and Technology.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Abstract Objective. This study compared survival after diagnosis of prostate cancer (PC) in men previously treated with finasteride, in men previously treated with alpha-adrenoceptor antagonists, in men treated with both, and in men who had received neither type of medication. Material and methods. In total, 3791 men diagnosed with PC in northern Denmark were identified. The region’s prescription  database was used to identify all men prescribed finasteride and alpha-adrenoceptor antagonists and those who had received neither medication during the period 1989-2001. Among men with a diagnosis of PC, overall survival and disease-specific survival were assessed after diagnosis using Cox proportional hazards regression. The risk of being diagnosed with non-localized PC was estimated using conditional logistic regression. Results. The adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for PC death and overall death after treatment with finasteride was 0.93 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.76-1.14] and 0.92 (95% CI 0.77-1.10), respectively. Treatment with alpha-adrenoceptor antagonists was associated with a reduced risk of PC death and overall death (HR 0.78, 95% CI 0.67-0.90, and 0.82,  95% CI 0.73-0.93, respectively. The risk of being diagnosed with non-localized PC was increased for men taking finasteride (odds ratio 1.14, 95% CI 1.01-1.29) per  100 defined daily doses. Conclusions. Treatment with finasteride prior to a diagnosis of PC did not affect PC-specific survival, but increased the risk of being diagnosed with non-localized disease. Treatment with alpha-adrenoceptor antagonists was associated with better cause-specific survival and lower risk of  non-localized disease.

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[1174]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Incidence of and risk factors for symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia in kidney transplant recipients: A cohort study.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Scand J Urol. 2012 Oct 25.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 3109/00365599.2012.735701

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Zhang Y; Zhang X; Ji Z; Bai H; Peng X; Zong H

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Urology Department, Beijing Tiantan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University , Beijing , PR China.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Abstract Objective. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of immunosuppressants on the incidence of and risk factors for symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in relative-donor kidney transplant recipients. Material and methods. A retrospective cohort study was performed to determine the incidence of symptomatic BPH in kidney transplant recipients according to standard diagnostic criteria, the expression levels of keratinocyte growth factor, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and serum testosterone, and the CD4/CD8 ratio in T lymphocytes. Results. The incidence of symptomatic BPH (50-59-year-old group, p = 0.010; 60-69-year-old group, p = 0.004; >/= 70-year-old group, p = 0.032), testosterone level (50-59-year-old group, p = 0.045; 60-69-year-old group, p = 0.035; >/= 70-year-old group, p = 0.041) and the CD4/CD8 ratio (50-59-year-old group, p = 0.013; 60-69-year-old group, p = 0.010;  >/= 70-year-old group, p = 0.015) of kidney transplant recipients with long-term  calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) and prednisone use were all lower than those values in a normal group that had not received transplants. The TGF-beta (p < 0.001) expression level was higher in kidney transplant recipients than in the non-transplant group, and the keratinocyte growth factor expression level was not statistically different between the kidney transplant recipients and the non-transplant group. Conclusions. Kidney transplant recipients with long-term CNI and prednisone use may have a low incidence of symptomatic BPH, which may be  related to TGF-beta and keratinocyte growth factor expression, testosterone levels and lymphocyte infiltration. Further high-quality prospective studies are  needed to confirm these conclusions.

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[1175]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Quercetin inhibits angiogenesis mediated human prostate tumor growth by targeting VEGFR- 2 regulated AKT/mTOR/P70S6K signaling pathways.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - PLoS One. 2012;7(10):e47516. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047516. Epub 2012 Oct 18.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1371/journal.pone.0047516

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Pratheeshkumar P; Budhraja A; Son YO; Wang X; Zhang Z; Ding S; Wang L; Hitron A; Lee JC; Xu M; Chen G; Luo J; Shi X

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Graduate Center for Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Angiogenesis is a crucial step in the growth and metastasis of cancers, since it  enables the growing tumor to receive oxygen and nutrients. Cancer prevention using natural products has become an integral part of cancer control. We studied  the antiangiogenic activity of quercetin using ex vivo, in vivo and in vitro models. Rat aortic ring assay showed that quercetin at non-toxic concentrations significantly inhibited microvessel sprouting and exhibited a significant inhibition in the proliferation, migration, invasion and tube formation of endothelial cells, which are key events in the process of angiogenesis. Most importantly, quercetin treatment inhibited ex vivo angiogenesis as revealed by chicken egg chorioallantoic membrane assay (CAM) and matrigel plug assay. Western blot analysis showed that quercetin suppressed VEGF induced phosphorylation of VEGF receptor 2 and their downstream protein kinases AKT, mTOR, and ribosomal protein S6 kinase in HUVECs. Quercetin (20 mg/kg/d) significantly reduced the volume and the weight of solid tumors in prostate xenograft mouse model, indicating that quercetin inhibited tumorigenesis by targeting angiogenesis. Furthermore, quercetin reduced the cell viability and induced apoptosis in prostate cancer cells, which were correlated with the downregulation of AKT, mTOR and P70S6K expressions. Collectively the findings in the present study suggest that quercetin inhibits tumor growth and angiogenesis by targeting VEGF-R2 regulated AKT/mTOR/P70S6K signaling pathway, and could be used as a potential drug candidate for cancer therapy.

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[1176]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Effects of sorafenib on C-terminally truncated androgen receptor variants in human prostate cancer cells.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Int J Mol Sci. 2012;13(9):11530-42. doi: 10.3390/ijms130911530. Epub 2012 Sep 14.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 3390/ijms130911530

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Zengerling F; Streicher W; Schrader AJ; Schrader M; Nitzsche B; Cronauer MV; Hopfner M

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Ulm University, Ulm 89075, Germany; E-Mails: ajschrader@gmx.de (A.J.S.); mark.schrader@uniklinik-ulm.de (M.S.); marcus.cronauer@uni-ulm.de (M.V.C.) ; Department of Physiology, Charite Universitatsmedizin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin 14195, Germany; E-Mails: bianca.nitzsche@charite.de (B.N.); michael.hoepfner@charite.de (M.H.).

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Recent evidence suggests that the development of castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPCa) is commonly associated with an aberrant, ligand-independent activation of the androgen receptor (AR). A putative mechanism allowing prostate  cancer (PCa) cells to grow under low levels of androgens, is the expression of constitutively active, C-terminally truncated AR lacking the AR-ligand binding domain (LBD). Due to the absence of a LBD, these receptors, termed ARDeltaLBD, are unable to respond to any form of anti-hormonal therapies. In this study we demonstrate that the multikinase inhibitor sorafenib inhibits AR as well as ARDeltaLBD-signalling in CRPCa cells. This inhibition was paralleled by proteasomal degradation of the AR- and ARDeltaLBD-molecules. In line with these observations, maximal antiproliferative effects of sorafenib were achieved in AR  and ARDeltaLBD-positive PCa cells. The present findings warrant further investigations on sorafenib as an option for the treatment of advanced AR-positive PCa.

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[1177]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Detection of smell print differences between nonmalignant and malignant prostate  cells with an electronic nose.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Future Oncol. 2012 Sep;8(9):1157-65. doi: 10.2217/fon.12.93.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 2217/fon.12.93

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Roine A; Tolvanen M; Sipilainen M; Kumpulainen P; Helenius MA; Lehtimaki T; Vepsalainen J; Keinanen TA; Hakkinen MR; Koskimaki J; Veskimae E; Tuokko A; Visakorpi T; Tammela TL; Sioris T; Paavonen T; Lekkala J; Helle H; Oksala NK

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Medical School, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland. antti.roine@uta.fi

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - AIM: To determine whether an electronic nose can differentiate cultured nonmalignant and malignant prostatic cells from each other and whether the smell  print is secreted to the surrounding medium. MATERIALS & METHODS: Prostatic nonmalignant (EP-156T and controls) and malignant (LNCaP) cell lines, as well as  conditioned and unconditioned media, were collected. The smell prints of the samples were analyzed by a ChemPro(®) 100 electronic nose device. The data were normalized and dimension reduction was conducted. The samples were classified and misclassification rates were calculated. RESULTS: The electronic nose differentiated the nonmalignant and malignant cell lines from each other, achieving misclassification rates of 2.9-3.6%. Cells did not differ from the conditioned medium but differed from the unconditioned medium (misclassification  rates: 0.0-25.6%). CONCLUSION: Malignant and nonmalignant prostatic cell lines have distinct smell prints. Prostatic cancer cells seem to modify the smell print of their medium.

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[1178]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Renal cell cancer: nurses’ role in prevention and management.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Br J Nurs. 2012 Sep 27-Oct 10;21(17):S18, S20-2.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Noble H; Page K

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queens University Belfast.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - In both the UK and throughout Europe, more patients are presenting with renal cell cancer (RCC), also known as renal cell carcinoma or kidney cancer. The overall survival rate varies depending on tumour grade, nodal involvement and metastasis. For those with metastasis survival drops to 10%. This article explores the risk factors associated with RCC diagnosis and staging, treatments including drugs and procedures and the role of the nurse in diagnosis and accurate assessment. Nurses are ideally suited to consider the physical, functional, social, and emotional status of their patients In addition, it is essential that the nurse has an understanding of new pharmaceutical therapies, which have been licensed to treat RCC, and a sound knowledge of the possible side effects and nursing management associated with these drugs.

 

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[1179]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - GRP78-targeted nanotherapy against castrate-resistant prostate cancer cells expressing membrane GRP78.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Target Oncol. 2012 Oct 23.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s11523-012-0234-9

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Delie F; Petignat P; Cohen M

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest Ansermet 30, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Glucose-regulated protein 78, GRP78, is a chaperone protein mainly located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of normal cells. In stress conditions, GRP78 is overexpressed and in different cancer cell types, it is expressed at the cell surface, whereas it stays intracellular in non-cancerous cells. Therefore, it appears as a strategic target to recognize malignant cells. Prostate cancer is one of the most diagnosed cancers in men. The development of castrate resistant tumors and the resistance to chemotherapy frequently occur. The carboxy-terminal  ER retention domain is defined by the KDEL amino acid sequence. We developed anti-KDEL functionalized polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with paclitaxel (Tx) to specifically target prostate cancer cells expressing GRP78. The sensitivity to Tx in different formulations was compared in three prostate cell lines: PNT1B, a normal cell line, PC3, a cancer cell line faintly expressing GRP78 at its surface, and DU145, a cancer cell line expressing GRP78 at its cell  surface. Our results show that the targeted formulation significantly increases Tx sensitivity of cell line expressing GRP78 at its surface compared to other treatments suggesting the added value of GRP78 targeted therapy for castrate resistant tumor which expresses GRP78 at its cell surface.

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[1180]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Association of uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferase 2B gene variants with  serum glucuronide levels and prostate cancer risk.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Genet Test Mol Biomarkers. 2013 Jan;17(1):3-9. doi: 10.1089/gtmb.2012.0161. Epub  2012 Oct 25.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1089/gtmb.2012.0161

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Grant DJ; Hoyo C; Oliver SD; Gerber L; Shuler K; Calloway E; Gaines AR; McPhail M; Livingston JN; Richardson RM; Schildkraut JM; Freedland SJ

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Cancer Research Program and Department of Biology, Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina 27707, USA. dgrant@nccu.edu

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - AIMS: Uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferase 2B (UGT2B) enzymes conjugate testosterone metabolites to enable their excretion in humans. The functional significance of the UGT2B genetic variants has never been described in humans. We evaluated UGT2B variants in relation to plasma androstane-3alpha,17beta-diol-glucuronide (AAG) levels and the prostate cancer risk. RESULTS: AAG levels were measured in sera from 150 controls and compared to the polymorphisms of UGT2B17, UGT2B15, and UGT2B7. Genomic DNA from controls (301) and cases (148) was genotyped for the polymorphisms, and odds ratios (ORs)  and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated using unconditional logistic regression analyses. Having two copies of UGT2B17 was associated with higher AAG levels in controls among Whites (p=0.02), but not Blacks (p=0.82). Logistic regression models adjusting for age and race revealed that homozygosity  for the G allele of the UGT2B15(D85Y) polymorphism was directly associated with the prostate cancer risk (OR=2.70, 95% CI=1.28, 5.55). CONCLUSIONS: While the small sample size limits inference, our findings suggest that an association between the UGT2B17 copy number variant (CNV) and serum AAG levels in Whites, but unexpectedly not in Blacks. This novel observation suggests that genetic determinants of AAG levels in Blacks are unrelated to the UGT2B17 CNV. This study replicates the results that show an association of UGT215(D85Y) with an increased prostate cancer risk.

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[1181]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Imaging manifestations of renal primary neuroectodermal tumors.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Chin Med J (Engl). 2012 Oct;125(19):3595-7.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Nan XW; Tang GJ; Xu JG; Peng TS; Miao LS; Xu ZG; Bai C; Yu P; Gao YL; Hao BT

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Radiology, Datong Third People’s Hospital, Datong, Shanxi 037008, China.

 

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[1182]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Intra-arterial chemotherapy for pelvic recurrence after radical cystectomy for bladder urothelial cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Chin Med J (Engl). 2012 Nov;125(21):3914-5.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Li XD; Liu ZW; Zhou FJ; Qin ZK; Han H; Zhang SQ

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, China.

 

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[1183]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Skeletal-related events in prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Clin Adv Hematol Oncol. 2012 Aug;10(8):535-6.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Smith MR

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

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[1184]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - 3D porous chitosan-alginate scaffolds: a new matrix for studying prostate cancer  cell-lymphocyte interactions in vitro.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Adv Healthc Mater. 2012 Sep;1(5):590-9. doi: 10.1002/adhm.201100054. Epub 2012 Jul 6.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1002/adhm.201100054

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Florczyk SJ; Liu G; Kievit FM; Lewis AM; Wu JD; Zhang M

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, 302L Roberts Hall, Box 352120, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - The treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) remains palliative.  Immunotherapy offers a potentially effective therapy for CRPC; however, its advancement into the clinic has been slow, in part because of the lack of representative in vitro tumor models that resemble the in vivo tumor microenvironment for studying interactions of CRPC cells with immune cells and other potential therapeutics. This study evaluates the use of 3D porous chitosan-alginate (CA) scaffolds for culturing human prostate cancer (PCa) cells  and studying tumor cell interaction with human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) ex vivo. CA scaffolds and Matrigel matrix samples support in vitro tumor spheroid formation over 15 d of culture, and CA scaffolds support live-cell fluorescence imaging with confocal microscopy using stably transfected PCa cells  for 55 d. PCa cells grown in Matrigel matrix and CA scaffolds for 15 d are co-cultured with PBLs for 2 and 6 d in vitro and evaluated with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), immunohistochemistry (IHC), and flow cytometry. Both the Matrigel matrix and CA scaffolds support interaction of PBLs with PCa tumors, with CA scaffolds providing a more robust platform for subsequent analyses. This  study demonstrates the use of 3D natural polymer scaffolds as a tissue culture model for supporting long-term analysis of interaction of prostate cancer tumor cells with immune cells, providing an in vitro platform for rapid immunotherapy development.

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[1185]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - A qualitative study evaluating experiences of a lifestyle intervention in men with prostate cancer undergoing androgen suppression therapy.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Trials. 2012 Nov 14;13:208. doi: 10.1186/1745-6215-13-208.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1186/1745-6215-13-208

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Bourke L; Sohanpal R; Nanton V; Crank H; Rosario DJ; Saxton JM

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 2AB, UK. l.bourke@qmul.ac.uk

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: The severe iatrogenic hypogonadal state induced by medical castration used for treatment of prostate cancer is associated with adverse effects including fatigue, increased fracture risk, and a decrease in skeletal muscle function, which negatively impact quality of life. We have previously reported beneficial changes in healthy lifestyle behaviors, physical function and fatigue  as a result of a novel combined exercise and dietary advice intervention (a lifestyle intervention) in men with prostate cancer on androgen suppression therapy (AST). The aim of this research was to conduct a qualitative evaluation of the lifestyle intervention in these men with advanced prostate cancer receiving androgen suppression therapy (AST). METHODS: Twelve men with prostate cancer on AST took part in three focus groups in a UK higher education institution following the 12 week intervention. Sessions lasted between 45 and 60 minutes in duration. All discussions were audio-taped and transcribed. A framework analysis approach was applied to the focus group data. An initial coding framework was developed from a priori issues listed in the topic guide and extended and refined following initial familiarization with the focus group transcripts. Line by line indexing of the transcripts was undertaken iteratively  to allow for the incorporation of new codes. Coded sections of text were grouped  together (charted) into themes and subthemes prior to a further process of comparison and interpretation. RESULTS: None of the participants involved in the  trial were provided with information on how lifestyle changes might be beneficial to men with prostate cancer during the course of their standard medical treatment. We present novel findings that this intervention was considered beneficial for reducing anxiety around treatment and fear of disease progression. Men were supportive of the benefits of the intervention over conventional cancer  survival discussion group arrangements as it facilitated peer support in addition to physical rehabilitation. CONCLUSIONS: The benefits of lifestyle changes in men with prostate cancer are not well appreciated by care providers despite a range of benefits becoming apparent. Strategies to implement exercise and dietary interventions in standard care should be further evaluated. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN88605738.

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[1186]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - The influence of toxic working environment on the urothelial bladder tumors characteristics, the experience of “Sf. Ioan” Clinical Emergency Hospital on selected series.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Med Life. 2012 Sep 15;5(3):304-7. Epub 2012 Sep 25.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Dragutescu M; Geavlete B; Multescu R; Mihai B; Moldoveanu C; Geavlete P

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Sf. Ioan Clinical Emergency Hospital, Department of Urology, Bucharest, Romania.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - INTRODUCTION: A correlation between urothelial bladder tumor incidence and exposure to various occupational toxic factors was established for more than a century. The aim of our study was to establish the relationship between these two features. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed one hundred consecutive bladder tumor patients treated in “Sf. Ioan” Clinical Emergency Hospital, Department of Urology. These cases were studied concerning their occupation and pathological findings. RESULTS: We identified 58 patients having potential urothelial bladder  tumors inducing occupations: dye industry, motor vehicle drivers and miners. Among these patients, the incidence of muscle invasive tumors was of 33%, of the  high-grade tumors was of 69%, of the multiple tumors was of 60% and of the associated CIS lesions was of 38%. All these rates were significantly lower in the non-occupational hazard group: 12%, 26%, 29% and 14% respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Exposure to occupational toxic factors seems to influence the evolution of urothelial bladder tumor into more aggressive patterns. Further studies in this regard are necessary.

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[1187]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Primary bladder adenocarcinoma versus metastatic colorectal adenocarcinoma: a persisting diagnostic challenge.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Diagn Pathol. 2012 Nov 2;7:151. doi: 10.1186/1746-1596-7-151.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1186/1746-1596-7-151

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Roy S; Smith MA; Cieply KM; Acquafondata MB; Parwani AV

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA  15232, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - AIM: This study attempted to distinguish primary bladder adenocarcinoma (PBA) from metastatic colonic adenocarcinomas (MCA), which is a difficult diagnostic and clinical problem. METHODS: Twenty-four cases of bladder adenocarcinomas (12 primary & 12 metastatic colorectal) were included in the study with urothelial carcinoma (UC) and colonic adenocarcinoma (CA) as controls. A panel of immunohistochemical (IHC) stains along with fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH), using the UroVysion probe set, was performed. RESULTS: The majority of the PBAs presented with advanced disease. Enteric histologic subtype was the most common morphological variant. Strong nuclear with cytoplasmic-membranous staining of beta-catenin was seen in 75% of MCA and only 16.7% PBA (<10% staining cells).  Although abnormal nuclear staining with E-cadherin was seen in both PBA and MCA,  it was more frequent in former. CK-7, CK-20, villin and CDX-2 stains were not helpful in distinguishing the two entities. FISH did not reveal any unique differences in chromosomal abnormality between the two groups. CONCLUSION: Although there was a statistically significant difference in beta-catenin and E-cadherin staining between two groups, we did not find any IHC or FISH marker that was specific for PBA. Distinction between PBA and MCA remains a diagnostic problem and clinical correlation is vital before rendering a diagnosis. VIRTUAL SLIDES: The virtual slides for this article can be found here: diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/1393156268152357.

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[1188]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Survival analysis and associated factors to mortality of renal transplant recipients in a University Hospital in Maranhao.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Bras Nefrol. 2012 Jul-Sep;34(3):216-25.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Oliveira MI; Santos AM; Salgado Filho N

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Universidade Federal do Maranhao, Brazil.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - INTRODUCTION: Renal transplantation is regarded as the best treatment for patients with Chronic Kidney Disease. Factors associated to survival of renal transplant recipients must be evaluated in order to implement appropriate conducts in these patients. AIMS: To analyze the renal transplant patients survival and associated factors to their mortality. METHODS: Observational, retrospective cohort study, including all the 215 patients who underwent kidney transplantation in the Renal Transplant Service of the Hospital Universitario da  Universidade Federal do Maranhao (HUUFMA), from March 18, 2000 to September 18, 2008, with a follow-up ranging from 12 to 101 months. Demographic and clinical characteristics were observed. The Kaplan-Meier method was used for construction  of survival curves, and they were compared by log-rank test. The Cox proportional hazards model was used for identification of factors associated to mortality. RESULTS: The prevalence of deaths was 10,6%. The survival rates at 1, 3 and 5 years for living donors recipients were 97,8%, 94,1% and 92,9%, respectively and  for deceased donors recipients, 95,6% and 95,6%, at 1 and 3 years, respectively.  Factors statistically associated to a lower survival were: recipient age above 40 years (RR = 6.19; p = 0.001; 95% CI = 2.01-18.99) and surgery complications (RR = 4.98; p = 0.041; 95% CI = 1.07-23.27). CONCLUSIONS: Kidney recipients survival rates at HUUFMA were similar to the rates related in other, Brazilian and international studies. Recipient age above 40 years and surgery complications were significantly associated to mortality in this study.

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[1189]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Responding to a Diagnosis of Localized Prostate Cancer: Men’s Experiences of Normal Distress During the First 3 Postdiagnostic Months.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Cancer Nurs. 2012 Nov 14.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1097/NCC.0b013e3182747bef

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Wall DP; Kristjanson LJ; Fisher C; Boldy D; Kendall GE

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Author Affiliations: School of Nursing and Midwifery, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia (Drs Wall, Boldy, and Kendall); Swinbourne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Australia (Dr Kristjanson); and School of Population Health, University of Western Australia (Dr Fisher), Nedlands, Australia.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND:: Men experience localized prostate cancer (PCa) as aversive and distressing. Little research has studied the distress men experience as a normal  response to PCa, or how they manage this distress during the early stages of the  illness. OBJECTIVES:: The objective of this study was to explore the experience of men diagnosed with localized PCa during their first postdiagnostic year. METHODS:: This constructivist qualitative study interviewed 8 men between the ages of 44 and 77 years, in their homes, on 2 occasions during the first 3 postdiagnostic months. Individual, in-depth semistructured interviews were used to collect the data. RESULTS:: After an initial feeling of shock, the men in this study worked diligently to camouflage their experience of distress through hiding and attenuating their feelings and minimizing the severity of PCa. CONCLUSIONS::  Men silenced distress because they believed it was expected of them. Maintaining  silence allowed men to protect their strong and stoic self-image. This stereotype, of the strong and stoic man, prevented men from expressing their feelings of distress and from seeking support from family and friends and health  professionals. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE:: It is important for nurses to acknowledge and recognize the normal distress experienced by men as a result of a PCa diagnosis. Hence, nurses must learn to identify the ways in which men avoid expressing their distress and develop early supportive relationships that encourage them to express and subsequently manage it.

 

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[1190]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Investigation of ejaculatory disorder by silodosin in the treatment of prostatic  hyperplasia.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - BMC Urol. 2012 Oct 19;12:29. doi: 10.1186/1471-2490-12-29.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1186/1471-2490-12-29

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Sakata K; Morita T

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Imaichi Hospital, 381 Imaichi, Tochigi, Nikko-shi, Japan.  ksakata@wolf.plala.or.jp

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: To assess the ejaculatory disorder caused by silodosin in the prostatic hyperplasia patients who carry out sexual actions (sexual intercourse,  masturbation). METHOD: The subjects of this study were 91 patients who had been clinically diagnosed to have LUTS/BPH at this hospital, who were administered silodosin at 4 mg twice a day, and who gave response to a questionnaire survey related to ejaculatory disorder. Sexual intercourse and masturbation were regarded as sexual actions in this study. RESULTS: Ejaculatory disorder occurred  in 38 (42%) of the 91 silodosin administration cases. Forty (44%) of the 91 patients answered that they carried out sexual actions after oral intake of silodosin. When the investigation was conducted only in those who exercised sexual actions, ejaculatory disorder was observed in 38 (95%) of these 40 patients, indicating a high incidence. When asked if disturbed by the ejaculatory disorder, 29 (76%) of the 38 patients who had ejaculatory disorder answered yes.  Oral silodosin was discontinued due to the ejaculatory disorder in 2 (5%) of these patients. On the whole, the discontinuation rate of oral silodosin was 2% (2/91 patients). CONCLUSION: It was demonstrated that the administration of silodosin induced ejaculatory disorder at a high incidence. Since it is possible  that the high frequency of ejaculatory disorder by silodosin may reduce QOL, it is considered necessary to provide sufficient information related to ejaculatory  disorder at the time of treatment with silodosin.

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[1191]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Human prostate DU145 carcinoma cells implanted in nude mice remove the peritoneal mesothelium to invade and grow as carcinomas.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Anat Rec (Hoboken). 2013 Jan;296(1):40-55. doi: 10.1002/ar.22607. Epub 2012 Oct 25.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1002/ar.22607

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Gilloteaux J; Jamison JM; Neal D; Arnold D; Taper HS; Summers JL

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Anatomical Sciences, St Georges’ University International School of Medicine, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK. jgilloteaux@sgu.edu

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Implanted human, androgen-independent prostatic carcinoma cells (DU145) into athymic (NCr nu/nu) mice produce diverse tumors on the peritoneal surfaces of many organs. Light and ultrastructural observations show that the mesothelial covering these surfaces are typically microvilli-coated, squamous cells or secretory cuboidal cells. The peritoneal regions colonized by tumors lack mesothelial cells and are covered by actively replicating carcinoma cells that grow as poorly differentiated cell clusters made of cell aggregates to somewhat compact spheroids covered with pleiomorphic microvilli and containing an undifferentiated vascular supply. These xenografts clusters invade the diaphragm  and develop into tumors with both a basal solid aspect and an upper region of cribriform morphology. Furthermore, each tumor contains two cell types: (1) a poorly differentiated clear cell type, which grows into intraperitoneal tumors and (2) a large, basophilic cell type, which invades the peritoneal stroma of organs, including of the diaphragm.

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[1192]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - A mimic of phosphorylated prolactin induces apoptosis by activating AP-1 and upregulating p21/waf1 in human prostate cancer PC3 cells.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Oncol Lett. 2012 Nov;4(5):1064-1068. Epub 2012 Aug 23.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 3892/ol.2012.876

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - DU L; Wu W

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health and Family Medicine;

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - A mimic of phosphorylated prolactin (S179D PRL) has been demonstrated to inhibit  prostate cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo; however, the mechanisms involved in this process remain unknown. In this study, we identified that a four-day treatment of S179D PRL (1 mug/ml) in human prostate PC3 cancer cells activated JNK, c-fos and c-jun, and led to apoptosis. We also demonstrated that p21/waf1 was upregulated in cells transfected with the human PRL receptor (S1b) following a four-day incubation with S179D PRL (1 mug/ml). Once the cells were cotransfected with S1b and either c-fos, c-jun or the c-fos/c-jun constructs for  24 h, S17D PRL activated JNK, c-fos and c-jun, and induced apoptosis in the c-fos/c-jun transfected cells. Additionally, S179D PRL upregulated p21 luciferase activity in the cells transfected with the S1b, activating protein-1 (AP-1) (7x)  Luc or p21 Luc constructs. SP600125 (25 muM), a JNK blocker, inhibited the upregulation of AP-1 Luc and p21 Luc in the c-fos/c-jun transfected cells. These  results demonstrate that S179D PRL activates JNK and AP-1, which leads to p21 upregulation and apoptosis in human prostate PC3 cancer cells.

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[1193]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - PCA3 noncoding RNA is involved in the control of prostate-cancer cell survival and modulates androgen receptor signaling.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - BMC Cancer. 2012 Nov 6;12:507. doi: 10.1186/1471-2407-12-507.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1186/1471-2407-12-507

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Ferreira LB; Palumbo A; de Mello KD; Sternberg C; Caetano MS; de Oliveira FL; Neves AF; Nasciutti LE; Goulart LR; Gimba ER

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Instituto Nacional do Cancer/Programa de Carcinogenese Molecular and Programa de  Pos Graduacao Stricto Sensu em Oncologia, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: PCA3 is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) that is highly expressed in prostate cancer (PCa) cells, but its functional role is unknown. To investigate its putative function in PCa biology, we used gene expression knockdown by small interference RNA, and also analyzed its involvement in androgen receptor (AR) signaling. METHODS: LNCaP and PC3 cells were used as in vitro models for these functional assays, and three different siRNA sequences were specifically designed to target PCA3 exon 4. Transfected cells were analyzed by real-time qRT-PCR and cell growth, viability, and apoptosis assays. Associations between PCA3 and the androgen-receptor (AR) signaling pathway were investigated by treating LNCaP cells with 100 nM dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and with its antagonist (flutamide),  and analyzing the expression of some AR-modulated genes (TMPRSS2, NDRG1, GREB1, PSA, AR, FGF8, CdK1, CdK2 and PMEPA1). PCA3 expression levels were investigated in different cell compartments by using differential centrifugation and qRT-PCR.  RESULTS: LNCaP siPCA3-transfected cells significantly inhibited cell growth and viability, and increased the proportion of cells in the sub G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle and the percentage of pyknotic nuclei, compared to those transfected with scramble siRNA (siSCr)-transfected cells. DHT-treated LNCaP cells induced a  significant upregulation of PCA3 expression, which was reversed by flutamide. In  siPCA3/LNCaP-transfected cells, the expression of AR target genes was downregulated compared to siSCr-transfected cells. The siPCA3 transfection also counteracted DHT stimulatory effects on the AR signaling cascade, significantly downregulating expression of the AR target gene. Analysis of PCA3 expression in different cell compartments provided evidence that the main functional roles of PCA3 occur in the nuclei and microsomal cell fractions. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that the ncRNA PCA3 is involved in the control of PCa cell survival, in part through modulating AR signaling, which may raise new possibilities of using  PCA3 knockdown as an additional therapeutic strategy for PCa control.

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[1194]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - The unfolding treatment landscape for men with castration-resistant prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Clin Investig (Lond). 2011 Nov;1(11):1533-1544.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 4155/cli.11.138

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Kim JJ; Keizman D; Denmeade SR; Antonarakis ES

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Bunting-Blaustein Cancer Research Building-I, Room 1M45, 1650 Orleans St, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is a fatal disease in virtually all patients. Docetaxel chemotherapy became the standard front-line agent based on the results of the TAX327 trial in 2004, with a survival advantage of 3 months achieved over mitoxantrone. Over the past few years, an improved understanding of the molecular biology of castration-resistance has resulted in expansion of the treatment armamentarium for advanced prostate cancer with the emergence of novel  androgen receptor-directed therapies, cytotoxic chemotherapies, as well as immunotherapies. Four different agents have very recently gained approval by the  U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of CRPC and this review will  summarize the development, mechanism of action, and safety and efficacy of these  agents as demonstrated in preclinical as well as clinical studies.

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[1195]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - DICER1 RNase IIIb domain mutations are infrequent in testicular germ cell tumours.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - BMC Res Notes. 2012 Oct 15;5:569. doi: 10.1186/1756-0500-5-569.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1186/1756-0500-5-569

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - de Boer CM; Eini R; Gillis AM; Stoop H; Looijenga LH; White SJ

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Center for Reproduction and Development, Monash Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, Australia.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Testicular Germ Cell Tumours (TGCT) are the most frequently occurring malignancy in males from 15-45 years of age. They are derived from germ cells unable to undergo physiological maturation, although the genetic basis for this is poorly understood. A recent report showed that mutations in the RNase IIIb domain of DICER1, a micro-RNA (miRNA) processing enzyme, are common in non-epithelial ovarian cancers. DICER1 mutations were found in 60% of Sertoli-Leydig cell tumours, clustering in four codons encoding metal-binding sites. Additional analysis of 14 TGCT DNA samples identified one case that also contained a mutation at one of these sites. FINDINGS: A number of previous studies have shown that DICER1 mutations are found in <1% of most cancers. To provide a more accurate estimate of the frequency of such mutations in TGCTs, we  have analysed 96 TGCT samples using high resolution melting curve analysis for sequence variants in these four codons. Although we did not detect any mutations  in any of these sites, we did identify a novel mutation (c.1725 R>Q) within the RNase IIIb domain in one TGCT sample, which was predicted to disturb DICER1 function. CONCLUSION: Overall our findings suggest a mutation frequency in TGCTs  of ~1%. We conclude therefore that hot-spot mutations, frequently seen in Sertoli-Leydig cell tumours, are not common in TGCTs.

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[1196]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Low incidence of fatigue after hypofractionated stereotactic body radiation therapy for localized prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Front Oncol. 2012;2:142. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2012.00142. Epub 2012 Oct 17.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 3389/fonc.2012.00142

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Dash C; Demas K; Uhm S; Hanscom HN; Kim JS; Suy S; Davis KM; Sween J; Collins S; Adams-Campbell LL

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Washington, DC, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Background: Fatigue is a common side effect of conventional prostate cancer radiation therapy. The increased delivery precision necessitated by the high dose per fraction of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) offers the potential of reduce target volumes and hence the exposure of normal tissues to high radiation doses. Herein, we examine the level of fatigue associated with SBRT treatment. Methods: Forty patients with localized prostate cancer treated with hypofractionated SBRT, and a minimum of 12 months follow-up were included in this analysis. Self-reported fatigue and other quality of life measures were assessed  at baseline and at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months post-SBRT. Results: Mean levels of fatigue were elevated at 1 month post-SBRT compared to baseline values (P = 0.02). Fatigue at the 3-month follow-up and later were higher but not statistically significantly different compared to baseline. African-American patients reported higher fatigue post-SBRT than Caucasian patients. Fatigue was correlated with hormonal symptoms as measured by the Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite (EPIC) quality of life questionnaire, but not with urinary, bowel, or sexual symptoms. Age, co-morbidities, smoking, prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels, testosterone levels, tumor stage, and treatment variables were not associated with fatigue. Conclusion: This is the first study to investigate fatigue as a side effect of SBRT. In contrast to standard radiation therapy, results suggest SBRT-related fatigue is short-term rather than a long-term side effect of SBRT. These results also suggest post-SBRT fatigue to be a more frequent complication in African-Americans than Caucasians.

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[1197]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - The contribution of the cone beam Kv CT (CBKvCT) to the reduction in toxicity of  prostate cancer treatment with external 3D radiotherapy.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Clin Transl Oncol. 2012 Nov;14(11):853-63. doi: 10.1007/s12094-012-0871-6. Epub 2012 Oct 2.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s12094-012-0871-6

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Conde-Moreno AJ; Ferrer-Albiach C; Zabaleta-Meri M; Juan-Senabre XJ; Santos-Serra A

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Radiation Oncology Department, Instituto Oncologico, Consorcio Hospitalario Provincial de Castellon, Av. Dr. Clara, 19, 12002, Castellon de la Plana, España.  antoniojconde@gmail.com

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - OBJECTIVE: Show that verification through cone beam Kv CT (CBKvCT) in a series of patients treated with 3D external radiotherapy (3DRT) for prostate cancer (PC) is related to a reduction in acute and late toxicity levels. MATERIALS AND METHOD: A retrospective, non-randomized study of two homogeneous groups of patients treated between 2005 and 2008, 46 were verified using electronic portal devices (EPIDs) and 48 through CBKvCT. They received 3DRT for localized PC (T1-T3N0M0) and were prescribed the same doses. Treatment was simulated and planned with the same criteria with the same equipment with a median follow-up time of 24 months (12-54 months). Urinary and gastrointestinal toxicity was determined using Common Toxicity Criteria scale, version 4 and RTOG scales. Statistical analysis of data  was performed where p < 0.005 being significative. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: With an overall median follow-up time of 24 months, the levels of proctitis were, respectively, 19.56, 15.21 and 15.2 % in the first group, compared with 4.17, 2.08 and 8.33 % in the second. Statistically, less total and late proctitis, late rectal bleeding, anal fissure, total and acute haematuria, total and acute urinary frequency and total urinary incontinence was observed. No statistically significant evidence of a lowering in toxicity neither in terms of acute and late dysuria nor of a relationship to the TNM, Gleason or PSA or in the grade of stability. CONCLUSION: Verification through CBKvCT in this series is associated with a statistically significant lowering toxicity. This justifies its use. Greater monitoring would be necessary to assess the impact of verification at the level of biochemical control.

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[1198]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - CD49f is an efficient marker of monolayer- and spheroid colony-forming cells of the benign and malignant human prostate.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - PLoS One. 2012;7(10):e46979. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046979. Epub 2012 Oct 12.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1371/journal.pone.0046979

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Yamamoto H; Masters JR; Dasgupta P; Chandra A; Popert R; Freeman A; Ahmed A

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Prostate Cancer Research Center, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science,  University College London, London, United Kingdom.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Stem cells may play a role in the development and maintenance of proliferative diseases of the prostate such as prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia. Cell membrane protein markers, CD49f, CD133 and CD44, have been shown to identify putative prostate stem cells, but a lack of consensus exists with regards to the most efficient marker(s) for stem-like cell identification. This study aimed to determine whether previously reported markers had equal capacity to select monolayer and spheroid colony-forming cells (CFCs), which were used as surrogate readouts of stem-like cells, and to characterize the expression of CD49f, CD44 and CD133 by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry.In benign prostate cells, CD49f+, CD44+, and CD133+ cells represented 5.6+/-3.1%, 28.2+/-4.1% and 0.10+/-0.06% of total cells. Both monolayer- and spheroid-CFCs existed at a frequency of approximately 0.5% of total cells. CD49f+, CD44+, and CD133+ subpopulations differed significantly in their ability to select benign CFCs. The highest recovery of CFCs was achieved by CD49f+ selection (98%), whereas CD44+ or CD133+ selection led to poor CFC-recovery (17% and 3%, respectively). For the first time, we show highly efficient recovery of CFCs from advanced prostate cancer by CD49f+, but not by CD44+ or CD133+ selection. Furthermore, CD133 expression (AC133 clone) could not be detected in benign prostate cells by either immunohistochemistry or flow cytometry. We conclude that CD49f, but not previously described stem cell markers CD133 and CD44, to be optimal for selection of monolayer- and spheroid-CFCs in the benign and malignant prostate.

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[1199]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Fasting blood glucose and lipid profile alterations following twelve-month androgen deprivation therapy in men with prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - ScientificWorldJournal. 2012;2012:696329. doi: 10.1100/2012/696329. Epub 2012 Oct 17.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1100/2012/696329

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Saglam HS; Kose O; Kumsar S; Budak S; Adsan O

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Urology Department, Medical Faculty, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey. hasanss@hotmail.com

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: In this retrospective study, we aimed to investigate the effects of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) on blood glucose and blood cholesterol levels  over a 12-month period. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between January 2010 and June 2012, the data of 44 patients with prostate cancer who were receiving ADT were collected from a hospital database. Patients with additional malignancy or diabetes and those who had been prescribed and were currently taking cholesterol-lowering medication were excluded from the study. Data (including fasting blood glucose levels and a cholesterol profile) were collected and analysed statistically. A P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Twelve months after the initiation of ADT, fasting blood glucose (FBG),  total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and triglyceride (TG) levels changed. FBG, TC, LDL cholesterol, and TG increased significantly (P = 0.009, 0.000, 0.000, and 0.000,  resp.), while HDL cholesterol decreased (P = 0.000). CONCLUSION: ADT may increase FBG, TC, LDL cholesterol, and TG but decrease HDL cholesterol by the end of a year of treatment. Therefore, close followup may be needed as a consequence of one-year ADT regarding metabolic alterations.

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[1200]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - A multiplex assay to measure RNA transcripts of prostate cancer in urine.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - PLoS One. 2012;7(9):e45656. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045656. Epub 2012 Sep 20.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1371/journal.pone.0045656

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Quek SI; Ho ME; Loprieno MA; Ellis WJ; Elliott N; Liu AY

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. sueq@u.washington.edu

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - The serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test has a high false positive rate. As a single marker, PSA provides limited diagnostic information. A multi-marker test capable of detecting not only tumors but also the potentially lethal ones provides an unmet clinical need. Using the nanoString nCounter gene expression system, a 20-gene multiplex test was developed based on digital gene counting of  RNA transcripts in urine as a means to detect prostate cancer. In this test, voided urine is centrifuged to pellet cells and the purified RNA is amplified for hybridization to preselected probesets. Amplification of test cell line RNA appeared not to introduce significant bias, and the counts matched well with gene abundance levels as measured by DNA microarrays. For data analysis, the individual counts were compared to that of beta2 microglobulin, a housekeeping gene. Urine samples of 5 pre-operative cases and 2 non-cancer were analyzed. Pathology information was then retrieved. Signals for a majority of the genes were low for non-cancer and low Gleason scores, and 6/6 known prostate cancer markers were positive in the cases. One case of Gleason 4+5 showed, in contrast,  strong signals for all cancer-associated markers, including CD24. One non-cancer  also showed signals for all 6 cancer markers, and this man might harbor an undiagnosed cancer. This multiplex test assaying a natural waste product can potentially be used for screening, early cancer detection and patient stratification. Diagnostic information is gained from the RNA signatures that are associated with cell types of prostate tumors.

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[1201]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Efficacy and safety of bipolar plasma vaporization of the prostate with “button-type” electrode compared with transurethral resection of prostate for benign prostatic hyperplasia.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Chin Med J (Engl). 2012 Nov;125(21):3811-4.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Zhang SY; Hu H; Zhang XP; Wang D; Xu KX; Na YQ; Huang XB; Wang XF

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) has been considered as the standard treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). However, issues that have not yet been overcome for TURP include bleeding and absorption of irrigation fluid. Thus, novel improvement of the surgery is necessary. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of bipolar plasma vaporization of the prostate (BPVP) with “button-type” electrode against standard TURP for BPH. METHODS: From  January 2009 to January 2012, 30 patients who scheduled for surgical treatment of BPH surgical treatment were enrolled in the trial with provided consent for the study. Patients were prospectively randomized 1:1 to undergo either BPVP or TURP. Participants were blinded to the randomization scheme. All cases were assessed preoperatively and followed at 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively by indwelling catheter time, blood loss, hospital stays, International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), quality of life (QOL), and Qmax. RESULTS: BPVP was significantly superior to TURP in terms of indwelling catheter time ((4.1 +/- 4.1) days vs. (6.8 +/- 6.8) days, P = 0.000), blood loss ((64.7 +/- 103.8) ml vs. (254.7 +/- 325.4) ml,  P = 0.040), hospital stay ((8.7 +/- 1.0) days vs. (11.7 +/- 1.5) days, P = 0.000), IPSS ((4.2 +/- 8.0) vs. (9.3 +/- 3.7), P = 0.049), QOL ((1.5 +/- 0.8) vs. (2.6 +/- 1.4), P = 0.027), Qmax ((16.3 +/- 5.7) ml/s vs. (12.5 +/- 3.1) ml/s, P = 0.038), hemoglobin ((130.7 +/- 9.4) g/L vs. ((122.1 +/- 11.9) g/L, P = 0.047), Na(+) level ((138.6 +/- 2.1) mmol/L vs. ((137.2 +/- 2.0) mmol/L, P = 0.046) and operation time ((39.0 +/- 15.5) minutes vs. ((69.3 +/- 24.8) minutes, P = 0.004). And there were no statistical differences between BPVP group and TURP group in preoperatively assessment: patient’s age ((70.9 +/- 7.1) years vs. (71.9 +/- 6.1) years, P = 0.736), IPSS ((24.6 +/- 4.7) vs. (27.3 +/- 5.9), P = 0.100), QOL ((5.1 +/- 0.8) vs. (5.1 +/- 1.0), P = 0.940), Qmax ((4.4 +/- 2.7) ml/s vs. (5.3 +/- 2.6) ml/s, P = 0.314), hemoglobin ((137.4 +/- 8.7) g/L vs. (139.2 +/- 10.4) g/L,  P = 0.623), Na(+) level ((140.5 +/- 1.8) mmol/L vs. (141.3 +/- 1.4) mmol/L, P = 0.192) and prostate volume ((59.0 +/- 17.4) ml vs. (70.1 +/- 28.8) ml, P = 0.276). CONCLUSIONS: Compared with TURP, BPVP with “button-type” electrode shows  superior efficacy and safety. Therefore, BPVP with “button-type” electrode represents a valuable endoscopic treatment alternative for BPH patients.

 

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[1202]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - In situ mass spectrometry imaging and ex vivo characterization of renal crystalline deposits induced in multiple preclinical drug toxicology studies.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - PLoS One. 2012;7(10):e47353. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047353. Epub 2012 Oct 23.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1371/journal.pone.0047353

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Nilsson A; Forngren B; Bjurstrom S; Goodwin RJ; Basmaci E; Gustafsson I; Annas A; Hellgren D; Svanhagen A; Andren PE; Lindberg J

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Medical Mass Spectrometry, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. anna.nilsson@farmbio.uu.se

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Drug toxicity observed in animal studies during drug development accounts for the discontinuation of many drug candidates, with the kidney being a major site of tissue damage. Extensive investigations are often required to reveal the mechanisms underlying such toxicological events and in the case of crystalline deposits the chemical composition can be problematic to determine. In the present study, we have used mass spectrometry imaging combined with a set of advanced analytical techniques to characterize such crystalline deposits in situ. Two potential microsomal prostaglandin E synthase 1 inhibitors, with similar chemical structure, were administered to rats over a seven day period. This resulted in kidney damage with marked tubular degeneration/regeneration and crystal deposits  within the tissue that was detected by histopathology. Results from direct tissue section analysis by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry imaging were combined with data obtained following manual crystal dissection analyzed by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The chemical composition of the crystal deposits was successfully identified as a common metabolite, bisulphonamide, of the two drug candidates. In addition, an un-targeted analysis revealed molecular changes in the kidney that were specifically associated with the area of the tissue defined  as pathologically damaged. In the presented study, we show the usefulness of combining mass spectrometry imaging with an array of powerful analytical tools to solve complex toxicological problems occurring during drug development.

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[1203]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Induction of apoptosis of bladder cancer cells by zinc-citrate compound.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Korean J Urol. 2012 Nov;53(11):800-6. doi: 10.4111/kju.2012.53.11.800. Epub 2012  Nov 14.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 4111/kju.2012.53.11.800

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Hong SH; Choi YS; Cho HJ; Lee JY; Hwang TK; Kim SW

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: Zinc is one of the trace minerals in the body and is known to have an anticancer effect by inducing apoptosis in prostate cancer. We aimed to investigate the antiproliferative effects of a zinc-citrate compound in bladder cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A bladder cancer cell line (MBT-2) was treated with a zinc-citrate compound at different time intervals and concentrations. Mitochondrial (m)-aconitase activity was determined by use of the aconitase assay. DNA laddering analysis was performed to investigate apoptosis of MBT-2 cells. The molecular mechanism of apoptosis was investigated by Western blot analysis of p53, p21(waf1), Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, and Bax and also by caspase-3 activity analysis. RESULTS: Treatment with the zinc-citrate compound resulted in a time- and dose-dependent decrease in cell number of MBT-2 cells. M-aconitase activity was significantly decreased. DNA laddering analysis indicated apoptosis of MBT-2  cells. The zinc-citrate compound increased the expression of p21(waf1) and p53 and reduced the expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL proteins but induced expression of Bax protein. The zinc-citrate compound induced apoptosis of MBT-2 cells by activation of the caspase-3 pathway. CONCLUSIONS: We have shown that a zinc-citrate compound induces apoptotic cell death in a bladder cancer cell line, MBT-2, by caspase-3 activation through up-regulation of apoptotic proteins and down-regulation of antiapoptotic proteins.

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[1204]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Baicalein induces apoptosis via a mitochondrial-dependent caspase activation pathway in T24 bladder cancer cells.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Mol Med Rep. 2012 Oct 9. doi: 10.3892/mmr.2012.1123.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 3892/mmr.2012.1123

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Li HL; Zhang S; Wang Y; Liang RR; Li J; An P; Wang ZM; Yang J; Li ZF

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, P.R. China.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Recurrence of bladder cancer following transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBt) is an obstacle in clinical management. In the current study, we investigated the antitumor activity of baicalein, a Chinese herbal medicine, against T24 bladder cancer cells in vitro. Baicalein inhibited growth and caused  G1/S arrest of the cell cycle in the T24 cells. Moreover, baicalein induced apoptosis via loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential (DeltaPsim), release  of cytochrome c and activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3. Baicalein inhibited Akt phosphorylation, downregulated Bcl-2 expression and upregulated Bax expression, which in turn increased the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2. Our results demonstrate that baicalein repressed growth inhibition and induced apoptosis via  loss of DeltaPsim and activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3 in T24 bladder cancer cells, which indicates that baicalein may be an effective agent in the clinical management of bladder cancer.

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[1205]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - N6-Isopentenyladenosine and its Analogue N6-Benzyladenosine Induce Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in Bladder Carcinoma T24 Cells.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Anticancer Agents Med Chem. 2012 Oct 12.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Castiglioni S; Casati S; Ottria R; Ciuffreda P; Maier JA

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche Luigi Sacco, Universita di Milano,  Milano I-20157, Italy. jeanette.maier@unimi.it.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Cytokinins are phytohormones critically involved in the regulation of plant growth and development. They also affect the proliferation and differentiation of animal cells, thus representing new tools to treat diseases that involve dysfunctional cell growth and/or differentiation. Recently, by performing structure-function studies on human cells, we found that only N6-isopentenyladenosine and its benzyl analogue N6-benzyladenosine suppress the clonogenic activity and the growth of different neoplastic cells. We here broaden our studies on bladder carcinoma T24 cells, because, due to the high recurrence rate of bladder cancer, new active molecules are sought to contrast the growth of this tumor. Early events induced by N6-isopentenyladenosine and N6-benzyladenosine are the alteration of T24 cell morphology and the disorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. After 24 h N6-isopentenyladenosine and N6-benzyladenosine inhibit growth by arresting the cells in the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle. We also show that the two compounds induce apoptosis, an event linked to the activation of caspase 3. Since DNA damage is a prime factor resulting in cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, it is noteworthy that we do not detect any genotoxic effect upon treatment of T24 cells with N6-isopentenyladenosine and N6- benzyladenosine. Because the disruption of actin  filaments leads to G1 arrest and is also implicated in apoptosis, we hypothesize  that cytoskeletal rearrangement might be responsible for triggering the antiproliferative and proapotpotic effects of N6-isopentenyladenosine and N6-benzyladenosine in T24 cells.

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[1206]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Pseudo-tumor of the scrotum, a rare clinical presentation of dirofilariasis: a report of two autochtonous cases due to Dirofilaria repens.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Pathog Glob Health. 2012 Oct;106(6):370-2. doi: 10.1179/2047773212Y.0000000029.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1179/2047773212Y.0000000029

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Leccia N; Patouraux S; Carpentier X; Boissy C; Del Giudice P; Parks S; Michiels JF; Ambrosetti D

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Nice, France. leccia.n@chu-nice.fr

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - In Europe, human dirofilariasis refers to a group of autochtonous parasitic infections caused by tissue nematodes of the genus Dirofilaria, responsible for two distinct clinical presentations: Dirofilaria immitis usually presenting as pulmonary lesions and Dirofilaria repens as subcutaneous nodules. Rare in humans, genital involvement manifests itself as pseudotumor nodules affecting the scrotum, epididymis, or spermatic cord. We report on two cases of Dirofilaria repens infections, involving the spermatic cord and epididymis.

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[1207]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - An Anti-PSMA Bivalent Immunotoxin Exhibits Specificity and Efficacy for Prostate  Cancer Imaging and Therapy.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Adv Healthc Mater. 2012 Nov 22. doi: 10.1002/adhm.201200254.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1002/adhm.201200254

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Zhang F; Shan L; Liu Y; Neville D; Woo JH; Chen Y; Korotcov A; Lin S; Huang S; Sridhar R; Liang W; Wang PC

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Howard University, Washington, DC, 20060, USA; Protein & Peptide Pharmaceutical Laboratory, National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is overexpressed on prostate tumor cells and the neovascular endothelia various solid tumors. A bivalent immunotoxin generated by fusing a fold-back single-chain diabody derived from the Fv fragments of an anti-PSMA monoclonal antibody with a truncated diphtheria toxin (DT) containing the activity and translocation domains [A-dmDT390-scfbDb(PSMA)] might be suitable for targeted therapy of tumors that overexpress PSMA. In this study, a PSMA-positive and a PSMA-negative prostate cancer cell lines were treated with immunotoxin A-dmDT390-scfbDb(PSMA) in order to study the tumor targeting specificity and therapeutic potential of the immunotoxin. The cellular  uptake and selective toxicity of the immunotoxin were evident in monolayer cultures of PSMA-positive LNCaP prostate cancer cells but not in cultures of PSMA-negative PC-3 prostate cancer cells. Cellular accumulation of A-dmDT390-scfbDb(PSMA) increased with increasing incubation times and concentrations in LNCaP cells. The proportion of apoptotic LNCaP cells increased  upon incubation with increasing doses of the fold-back immunotoxin. Optical imaging and MRI with the Alexa Fluor 680-labeled A-dmDT390-scfbDb(PSMA) confirmed the specific targeting and therapeutic efficacy of this immunotoxin towards PSMA-positive LNCaP solid tumor xenografts in athymic nude mice.

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[1208]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Mixed germ-cell testicular tumor in a liver transplant recipient.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl. 2012 Nov;23(6):1238-40. doi: 10.4103/1319-2442.103566.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 4103/1319-2442.103566

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Salehipour M; Kakaei F; Nikeghbalian S; Kazemi K; Pakbaz S; Malekhosseini SA

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Namazi Hospital, Shiraz.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - The development of malignancies after solid organ transplants is a well-known complication. Cancer is associated with significant consequences for the organ transplant patient. It is expected that cancer will surpass cardiovascular complications as the leading cause of death in transplant patients within the next few years. We report on a 36-year-old male patient who developed mixed germ-cell testicular tumor seven years after liver transplantation for alcoholic  cirrhosis. He was treated with orchiectomy, retroperitoneal lymph node dissection and post-operative chemotherapy.

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[1209]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Options for diagnosis and treatment of urachal carcinoma.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Asia Pac J Clin Oncol. 2012 Oct 9. doi: 10.1111/j.1743-7563.2012.01592.x.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1111/j.1743-7563.2012.01592.x

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Zhang J; Wu J

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou, China.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Urachal carcinoma (UrC) is a rare but highly malignant epithelial cancer and commonly found in the urachal remnant which connects the dome of the bladder to the umbilicus via the ligamentum commune. Because of the specificity of the tumor location and its rarity, the diagnosis of UrC is often difficult. Although surgery is the treatment of choice for UrC, it still has a high incidence of local recurrence and distant metastasis and there are few modestly standard chemotherapy regimens for these patients (response rate 30-40%). Thus, the treatment of local recurrence and distant metastasis of UrC following surgery has been a challenge. We review the clinical diagnosis and therapy of UrC and factors related to its prognosis.

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[1210]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Observation as a treatment strategy for advanced renal cell carcinoma-a call for  prospective validation.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Front Oncol. 2012;2:155. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2012.00155. Epub 2012 Oct 31.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 3389/fonc.2012.00155

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Fisher R; Pender A; Thillai K; Chowdhury S; Pickering L; Khabra K; Gore M; Larkin J

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Clinical Research Fellow, Department of Medical Oncology, The Royal Marsden Hospital London, UK.

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[1211]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Positive surgical margins after nephron-sparing surgery for renal cell carcinoma: incidence, clinical impact, and management.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Clin Genitourin Cancer. 2013 Mar;11(1):5-9. doi: 10.1016/j.clgc.2012.09.010. Epub 2012 Oct 17.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.clgc.2012.09.010

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Borghesi M; Brunocilla E; Schiavina R; Martorana G

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy. mark.borghesi@gmail.com

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Nephron-sparing surgery (NSS) for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) offers comparable oncologic results but a lower risk of chronic kidney disease when compared with radical nephrectomy; however it can result in positive surgical margins (PSMs) and consequently to a possible risk of oncologic failure. The aim of this review  is to evaluate the incidence of PSMs after nephron-sparing surgery, to assess their clinical and oncologic impact, and to provide an overview of the possible therapeutic management. We performed a nonsystematic review of the literature in  the MEDLINE database using the following keywords: partial nephrectomy, nephron-sparing surgery, and positive margin. We reviewed articles published only in English from January 2002 to May 2012. The overall incidence of PSMs after NSS ranges from 0% to 7%, with no significant differences in open, laparoscopic, and  robot-assisted techniques. Smaller tumor size could result in a higher risk of PSMs. Even if there is not a clear agreement in the clinical evidence, local recurrence seems to be more likely in patients with PSMs, especially in those with high-grade tumors. Development of metastases and cancer-specific survival, as seen in midterm follow-up studies, seems to be comparable to those in patients with negative surgical margins. Considering the globally low risk of local recurrence, development of metastasis, or cancer-specific mortality, careful surveillance could be the best management option for most patients with PSMs after NSS.

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[1212]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Salvage Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy for Locally Recurrent Prostate Cancer After Cryotherapy.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Clin Genitourin Cancer. 2012 Oct 5. pii: S1558-7673(12)00178-4. doi: 10.1016/j.clgc.2012.09.003.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.clgc.2012.09.003

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Choi M; Kim CR; Hung AY

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Radiation Oncology, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of  Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; Department of Radiation Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR. Electronic address: mehee-choi@fsm.northwestern.edu.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: To summarize our results of intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for prostate adenocarcinoma after cryotherapy failure. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients underwent IMRT with curative intent for biochemically recurrent prostate cancer after cryotherapy. Radiation was delivered to a minimum dose of 72 Gy (range, 72-81 Gy). Acute and late treatment-related gastrointestinal and genitourinary effects were scored according to Common Toxicity Criteria version 3.0. Prostate-specific antigen failure was defined by Radiation Therapy Oncology  Group-American Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology 2006 consensus definition. RESULTS: Nine patients were treated from 2008 to 2010. The median follow-up was 31 months (range, 15-40 months). The mean preradiotherapy prostate-specific antigen was 4.3 ng/mL (range, 1.07-15.6 ng/mL). The median elapsed time between cryotherapy and IMRT was 20.5 months (range, 8.5-56.5 months). Biochemical control was achieved in 7 patients. Two patients developed distant metastases shortly after completion of radiotherapy. No patients experienced grade 3 or higher toxicities. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that high-dose IMRT after cryotherapy failure is well tolerated, without severe morbidity. The results also showed that IMRT can render a significant number of patients biochemically free of disease after initial cryotherapy. High-dose IMRT  should be considered as a treatment option for these potentially salvageable cases.

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[1213]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - The effect of photon energy on intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) plans for prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Radiat Oncol J. 2012 Mar;30(1):27-35. doi: 10.3857/roj.2012.30.1.27. Epub 2012 Mar 31.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 3857/roj.2012.30.1.27

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Sung W; Park JM; Choi CH; Ha SW; Ye SJ

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Interdisciplinary Program in Radiation Applied Life Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. ; Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of common three photon energies (6-MV, 10-MV, and 15-MV) on intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) plans to treat prostate cancer patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty patients with prostate cancer treated locally to 81.0 Gy were retrospectively studied. 6-MV, 10-MV, and 15-MV IMRT plans for each patient were generated using suitable planning objectives, dose constraints, and 8-field setting. The plans were analyzed in terms of dose-volume histogram for the target coverage, dose conformity, organs at risk (OAR) sparing, and normal tissue integral dose. RESULTS: Regardless of the energies chosen at the plans, the target coverage, conformity, and homogeneity of the plans were similar. However, there was a significant dose increase in rectal  wall and femoral heads for 6-MV compared to those for 10-MV and 15-MV. The V(20 Gy) of rectal wall with 6-MV, 10-MV, and 15-MV were 95.6%, 88.4%, and 89.4% while the mean dose to femoral heads were 31.7, 25.9, and 26.3 Gy, respectively. Integral doses to the normal tissues in higher energy (10-MV and 15-MV) plans were reduced by about 7%. Overall, integral doses in mid and low dose regions in  6-MV plans were increased by up to 13%. CONCLUSION: In this study, 10-MV prostate IMRT plans showed better OAR sparing and less integral doses than the 6-MV. The biological and clinical significance of this finding remains to be determined afterward, considering neutron dose contribution.

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[1214]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - The management of high-risk, locally advanced, prostate cancer radiation therapy.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Can Urol Assoc J. 2012 Oct;6(5):393-5. doi: 10.5489/cuaj.12260.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 5489/cuaj.12260

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Sridharan S; Warde P

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto and the Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON.

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[1215]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Knockdown of Ki-67 by dicer-substrate small interfering RNA sensitizes bladder cancer cells to curcumin-induced tumor inhibition.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - PLoS One. 2012;7(11):e48567. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048567. Epub 2012 Nov 12.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1371/journal.pone.0048567

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Pichu S; Krishnamoorthy S; Shishkov A; Zhang B; McCue P; Ponnappa BC

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the urinary bladder is the most common cancer of the urinary tract. Most of the TCC cases are of the superficial type and are treated with transurethral resection (TUR). However, the recurrence rate  is high and the current treatments have the drawback of inducing strong systemic  toxicity or cause painful cystitis. Therefore, it would be of therapeutic value to develop novel concepts and identify novel drugs for the treatment of bladder cancer. Ki-67 is a large nucleolar phosphoprotein whose expression is tightly linked to cell proliferation, and curcumin, a phytochemical derived from the rhizome Curcuma longa, has been shown to possess powerful anticancer properties.  In this study, we evaluated the combined efficacy of curcumin and a siRNA against Ki-67 mRNA (Ki-67-7) in rat (AY-27) and human (T-24) bladder cancer cells. The anticancer effects were assessed by the determination of cell viability, apoptosis and cell cycle analysis. Ki-67-7 (10 nM) and curcumin (10 microM), when treated independently, were moderately effective. However, in their combined presence, proliferation of bladder cancer cells was profoundly (>85%) inhibited;  the rate of apoptosis in the combined presence of curcumin and Ki-67-7 (36%) was  greater than that due to Ki-67-7 (14%) or curcumin (13%) alone. A similar synergy between curcumin and Ki-67-7 in inducing cell cycle arrest was also observed. Western blot analysis suggested that pretreatment with Ki-67-7 sensitized bladder cancer cells to curcumin-mediated apoptosis and cell cycle arrest by p53- and p21-independent mechanisms. These data suggest that a combination of anti-Ki-67 siRNA and curcumin could be a viable treatment against the proliferation of bladder cancer cells.

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[1216]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Renal cell carcinoma and a constitutional t(11;22)(q23;q11.2): case report and review of the potential link between the constitutional t(11;22) and cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Cancer Genet. 2012 Nov;205(11):603-7. doi: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2012.09.006. Epub  2012 Oct 30.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.cancergen.2012.09.006

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Doyen J; Carpentier X; Haudebourg J; Hoch B; Karmous-Benailly H; Ambrosetti D; Fabas T; Amiel J; Lambert JC; Pedeutour F

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Laboratory of Solid Tumors Genetics, Nice University Hospital, Nice, France.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - We observed a t(11;22)(q23-24;q11.2-12) and monosomy 3 in renal tumor cells from  a 72-year-old man. The hypothesis of a primitive peripheral neuroectodermal tumor (PPNET) located in the kidney was promptly excluded: Histologically, the tumor was a clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and we did not observe an EWSR1 gene  rearrangement. The constitutional origin of this alteration was established. We report on the second case of RCC in a patient with a constitutional t(11;22). The t(11;22)(q23;q11.2) is the main recurrent germline translocation in humans. Unbalanced translocation can be transmitted to the progeny and can cause Emanuel  syndrome. Our observation alerts cancer cytogeneticists to the fortuitous discovery of the constitutional t(11;22) in tumor cells. This translocation appears grossly similar to the t(11;22)(q24;q12) of PPNET and should be evoked if present in all cells of a tumor other than PPNET. This is important when providing appropriate genetic counseling. Moreover, the potential oncogenic role  of the t(11;22) and its predisposing risk of cancer are under debate. The family  history of the patient revealed a disabled brother who died at an early age from  colon cancer and a sister with breast cancer. This observation reopens the issue  of a link between the constitutional t(11;22) and cancer, and the utility of cancer prevention workups for t(11;22) carriers.

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[1217]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - The REDUCE metagram: a comprehensive prediction tool for determining the utility  of dutasteride chemoprevention in men at risk for prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Front Oncol. 2012;2:138. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2012.00138. Epub 2012 Oct 11.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 3389/fonc.2012.00138

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Nguyen CT; Isariyawongse B; Yu C; Kattan MW

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation Cleveland, OH, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Introduction: 5-alpha reductase inhibitors can reduce the risk of prostate cancer (PCa) but can be associated with significant side effects. A library of nomograms which predict the risk of clinical endpoints relevant to dutasteride treatment may help determine if chemoprevention is suited to the individual patient. Methods: Data from the REDUCE trial was used to identify predictive factors for 9 endpoints relevant to dutasteride treatment. Using the treatment and placebo groups from the biopsy cohort, Cox proportional hazards (PH) and competing risks  regression (CRR) models were used to build 18 nomograms, whose predictive ability was measured by concordance index (CI) and calibration plots. Results: A total of 18 nomograms assessing the risks of cancer, high grade cancer, high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN), atypical small acinar proliferation  (ASAP), erectile dysfunction (ED), acute urinary retention (AUR), gynecomastia, urinary tract infection (UTI) and BPH-related surgery either on or off dutasteride were created. The nomograms for cancer, high grade cancer, ED, AUR, and BPH-related surgery demonstrated good discrimination and calibration while those for gynecomastia, UTI, HGPIN, and ASAP predicted no better than random chance. Conclusions: To aid patients in determining whether the benefits of dutasteride use outweigh the risks, we have developed a comprehensive metagram that can generate individualized risks of 9 outcomes relevant to men considering  chemoprevention. Better models based on more predictive markers are needed for some of the endpoints but the current metagram demonstrates potential as a tool for patient counseling and decision-making that is accessible, intuitive, and clinically relevant.

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[1218]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Improving harmonious precision.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Oncology (Williston Park). 2012 Oct;26(10):949, 954.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Kim JW; Marshall JL

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Medical Oncology Branch and Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, National  Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

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[1219]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Elective bladder preservation with multimodality treatment for bladder cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J BUON. 2012 Jul-Sep;17(3):483-9.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Mayadagli A; Kocak M; Demir O; Karabulut Gul S; Ozkan A; Parlak C; Yaprak G; Gumus M

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Radiation Oncology, Lutfi Kirdar Kartal Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: To observe the outcome of maximal transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) followed by induction chemotherapy and concurrent chemoradiotherapy in medically inoperable patients with bladder cancer. METHODS: This study included 30 patients with stage T 2-4 bladder cancer. The patients were first treated with TURBT, and then received 2 cycles of induction chemotherapy with gemcitabine and cisplatin, followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy with gemcitabine. RESULTS: Median follow up was 28.9 months. Radiologically, complete  and partial response rates were 60 and 36.7%, while cystoscopically they were 40  and 30%, respectively. Local progression (4 cases) and distant metastasis (11 cases) were noted. Median overall survival and progressionfree survival were 32 and 21 months, respectively. One -and 2-year overall survival and progression-free survival rates were 97.60% and 83.49%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The multimodal treatment performed in this study was well tolerated and achieved  a high rate of bladder preservation in selected patients with bladder cancer.

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[1220]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Prostate stem cell antigen gene is expressed in islets of pancreas.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Anat Cell Biol. 2012 Sep;45(3):149-54. doi: 10.5115/acb.2012.45.3.149. Epub 2012  Sep 30.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 5115/acb.2012.45.3.149

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Ono H; Yanagihara K; Sakamoto H; Yoshida T; Saeki N

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Division of Genetics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA) is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored cell surface antigen with an organ-dependent expression pattern in cancers; e.g., up-regulated in prostate cancer and down-regulated in gastric cancer. Previously  it was reported that PSCA is not expressed in the normal pancreas but aberrantly  expressed in pancreatic cancer. In this present study, we identified PSCA expression in islets of the pancreas by immunohistochemistry, which was co-localized with four islet-cell markers: insulin, glucagon, somatostatin and pancreatic polypeptide. In our investigation of the transcription start site of PSCA, we found a non-coding splicing variant of PSCA as well as authentic PSCA transcripts in mRNA samples from a normal pancreas. Both the transcripts were also identified in several pancreatic cancer cell lines. We previously reported that PSCA expression is correlated to the methylation status of the enhancer region in gastric and gallbladder cancer cell lines but not in pancreatic cancer  cell lines, suggesting that PSCA expression is regulated in a diff erent mode in  pancreatic cancer from that in gastric and gallbladder cancers.

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[1221]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Modulation of ghrelin axis influences the growth of colonic and prostatic cancer  cells in vitro.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Pharmacol Rep. 2012 Jul;64(4):951-9.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Lawnicka H; Melen-Mucha G; Motylewska E; Mucha S; Stepien H

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Immunoendocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: The risk of different cancers seems to be associated with obesity. Moreover, low ghrelin levels observed in obese people may be implicated in cancer development and progression. The aim of this study was to examine the direct effects of both forms of ghrelin (acylated and unacylated) and ghrelin receptor type 1a antagonist (D-Lys-GHRP-6) on the growth of murine colon cancer MC38 and human prostate cancer DU145 cell lines in vitro. METHODS: The cells were cultured for 72 h in the presence of rat or human acylated ghrelin (rG, hG), human unacylated ghrelin (hUAG), D-Lys-GHRP-6 (GHS-RA) applied either alone or jointly. The cell line growth was assessed by the colorimetric Mosmann method. RESULTS: hUAG (10(-6), 10(-7) and 10(-10) M) inhibited MC38 cancer cell growth and, at some concentrations (10(-8), 10(-9), 10(-10) M), enhanced the antineoplastic effect of GHS-RA(10(-4) M). In turn, GHS-RA evoked a biphasic effect on MC38 cancer growth: inhibitory at 10(-4) M and stimulatory at 10(-5) and 10(-6) M. Moreover, GHS-RA at the highest examined concentration (10(-4) M) enhanced the cytostatic effect of FU. Human acylated and unacylated ghrelin and GHS-RA inhibited DU145 cancer growth with moderate and different potencies. A dose-response effect was observed for the inhibitory action of hG together with the synergistic effect of hUAG and GHS-RA. CONCLUSION: The obtained results indicate an involvement of the ghrelin axis in the growth regulation of colon and prostate cancers and may suggest new therapeutic options for these neoplasms.

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[1222]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - MAPPED study design: a 6 month randomised controlled study to evaluate the effect of dutasteride on prostate cancer volume using magnetic resonance imaging.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Contemp Clin Trials. 2013 Jan;34(1):80-9. doi: 10.1016/j.cct.2012.10.003. Epub 2012 Oct 17.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.cct.2012.10.003

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Robertson NL; Moore CM; Ambler G; Bott SR; Freeman A; Gambarota G; Jameson C; Mitra AV; Whitcher B; Winkler M; Kirkham A; Allen C; Emberton M

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Division of Surgical & Interventional Science, University College London, UK. nicola.robertson7@nhs.net

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the percentage change in volume of prostate cancer, as assessed by T2-weighted MRI, following exposure to dutasteride (Avodart) 0.5mg daily for six months. PATIENTS AND METHODS: MRI in Primary Prostate cancer after  Exposure to Dutasteride (MAPPED) is a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, supported by GlaxoSmithKline (GSK). Men with prostate cancer suitable for active  surveillance (low-intermediate risk prostate cancer on biopsy), and a visible lesion on T2-weighted MRI of at least 0.2 cc, were eligible for consideration. Forty-two men were randomised to 6 months of daily dutasteride 0.5mg or placebo.  Multi-parametric MRI (mpMRI) scans were performed at baseline, 3 and 6 months. The percentage changes in cancer volume over time will be compared between the dutasteride and placebo groups. Planned analyses will examine the association between tumour volume and characteristics (perfusion and contrast washout) as seen on mpMRI, HistoScan ultrasound and biopsy histopathology in both groups. DISCUSSION: MAPPED is the first randomised controlled trial to use mpMRI to look  at the effect of dutasteride on the volume of prostate cancer. If dutasteride is  shown to reduce the volume of prostate cancer, it might be considered as an adjunct for men on active surveillance. Analysis of the placebo arm will allow us to comment on the short-term natural variability of the MR appearance in men who  are not receiving any treatment. CONCLUSION: MAPPED will evaluate the short-term  effect of dutasteride on prostate cancer volume, as assessed by mpMRI, in men undergoing active surveillance for low or intermediate risk prostate cancer. The  study completed recruitment in January 2012.

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[1223]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Colonic explosion during treatment of radiotherapy complications in prostatic cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Oncol Lett. 2012 Nov;4(5):915-918. Epub 2012 Aug 22.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 3892/ol.2012.873

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Trastulli S; Barillaro I; Desiderio J; DI Rocco G; Cochetti G; Mecarelli V; Cirocchi R; Santoro A; Boselli C; Redler A; Avenia N; Noya G

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of General Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia;

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - The use of lasers has been of great importance in the field of endoscopy and surgery for their applications in coagulation and the ability to vaporize tissue. In the 1990s, new machines were introduced based on a different technology, the argon-plasma-coagulation (APC) system. This technology causes different biological effects without direct contact. An example is the hemostasis of bleeding. In the literature, several cases of complications have been reported during endoscopic treatment with APC. In this study, we report our experience of  a case with colon explosion during an APC procedure for bleeding due to radiotherapy and also review the literature on the complications of APC treatment.

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[1224]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Correlation between actin content and laser phase shift of adhesive normal and malignant prostate epithelial cells.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Biosci Bioeng. 2013 Mar;115(3):310-3. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2012.09.012. Epub 2012 Oct 22.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.jbiosc.2012.09.012

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Takagi M; Tokunaga N

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Division of Biotechnology and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13 W8 Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan. takagi-m@eng.hokudai.ac.jp

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Aiming to establish the noninvasive discrimination of cancer cells from normal cells in adherent culture, we examined in this study the reason why the laser phase shift, which is the product of refractive index and height of malignant cancer cells, was markedly smaller than that of normal cells. Both of the phase shift measured by phase-shifting laser microscopy (PLM) and the relative actin content of cells of the adhesive human prostatic carcinoma epithelial cell line (PC-3) were markedly lower than those of adhesive human prostate epithelial cells (PRECs), while there was almost no difference in morphology observed under a conventional inverted microscope, between them. The decrease in relative actin content by the addition of cytochalasin D resulted in the decrease in phase shift in both cell lines, and these cell lines showed a marked positive correlation between phase shift and relative actin content (r = 0.84). The height and refractive index of adhesive cells were determined using PLM and the height of PC-3 cells were apparently lower than those of PRECs, while there was no difference in refractive indices between PC-3 cells and PRECs. Consequently, the  smaller height of PC-3 cells caused by lower actin content than of PRECs might be the reason for the lower phase shift of PC-3 cells.

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[1225]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Renal metastasis from prostate adenocarcinoma: a potential diagnostic pitfall.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Ann Afr Med. 2012 Oct-Dec;11(4):230-3. doi: 10.4103/1596-3519.102854.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 4103/1596-3519.102854

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Ibinaiye PO; Mbibu H; Shehu SM; David SO; Samaila MO

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Radiology, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Nigeria.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Renal metastasis from prostatic origin is an uncommon event. Advanced prostate cancer locally invades the seminal vesicles, bladder and regional lymph nodes. Other metastatic sites are the lung, bone and other visceral organs. We present a 55-year old, Hausa man from Northern Nigeria who was managed as a case of infected renal cyst which later turned out to be a metastatic prostatic adenocarcinoma with a rare pattern of widespread bony metastases.Renal metastasis from prostate adenocarcinoma is a rare occurrence, however, high level of suspicion is needed in order to avoid potential diagnostic pitfall.

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[1226]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Case-control study of anthropometric measures and testicular cancer risk.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2012;3:144. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2012.00144. Epub 2012 Nov 26.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 3389/fendo.2012.00144

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Giannandrea F; Paoli D; Lombardo F; Lenzi A; Gandini L

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Laboratory of Seminology - Semen Bank, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome “La Sapienza” Rome, Italy.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - The etiology of testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) is poorly understood. Recent  epidemiological findings suggest that, TGCT risk is determined very early in life, although the available data are still conflicting. The rapid growth of the  testes during puberty may be another period of vulnerability. Body size has received increasing attention as possible risk factor for TC. To clarify the relation of body size and its anthropometric variables to TGCT risk, the authors  analyzed data from 272 cases and 382 controls with regard to height (cm), weight  (Kg), and body mass index (BMI; kg/m(2)). Overall, participants in the highest quartile of height were more likely to be diagnosed with TGCTs than participants  in the lowest quartile of height, OR 2.22 (95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.25-3.93; adjusted; p(trend) = 0.033). Moreover, histological seminoma subgroup  was significantly associated with tallness, very tall men (>182 cm) having a seminoma TGCT risk of OR = 2.44 (95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.19-4.97; adjusted; p(trend) = 0.011). There was also a significant inverse association of  TGCT with increasing BMI (p(trend) = 0.001; age-adjusted analysis) and this association was equally present in both histological subgroups. These preliminary results indicate that testicular cancer (TC) is inversely associated with BMI and positively associated with height, in particular with seminoma subtype. Several studies have reported similar findings on body size. As adult height is largely determined by high-calorie intake in childhood and influenced by hormonal factors at puberty, increased attention to postnatal exposures in this interval may help  elucidate the etiology of TGCTs.

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[1227]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Association of GSTM1 null allele with prostate cancer risk: evidence from 36 case-control studies.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - PLoS One. 2012;7(10):e46982. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046982. Epub 2012 Oct 10.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1371/journal.pone.0046982

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Wei B; Xu Z; Zhou Y; Ruan J; Cheng H; Xi B; Zhu M; Jin K; Zhou D; Hu Q; Wang Q; Wang Z; Yan Z; Xuan F; Huang X; Zhang J; Zhou H

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1) is thought to be involved in detoxifying several carcinogens and may play a vital role in tumorigenesis. Numerous studies have evaluated the association between GSTM1 null/present polymorphism and risk of prostate cancer (PCa). However, the results remain inconsistent. To derive a more precise estimation, we performed a meta-analysis.  METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: A comprehensive search was conducted to identify  all eligible case-control studies. We used odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence  intervals (CIs) to assess the strength of the association. The overall association was significant (OR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.11-1.48, P = 0.001). Moreover,  subgroup analyses showed GSTM1 null genotype significantly associated with PCa risk among Asians (OR = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.03-1.78, P = 0.03) but not among Caucasians (OR = 1.12, 95% CI: 0.96-1.31, P = 0.16). In addition, we did not find that smoking modified the genotype effect on the risk of PCa. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The present meta-analysis suggested that GSTM1 null allele was a low-penetrant risk factor for PCa among Asians.

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[1228]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Bladder carcinoma with shadow cell differentiation: a case report with immunohistochemical analyses.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 2012;5(8):840-4. Epub 2012 Oct 1.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Nakamura T

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Pathology, Suwa Red Cross Hospital Suwa, Japan. pathology@suwa.jrc.or.jp

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - A peculiar case of bladder carcinoma showing shadow cell differentiation (SCD) in a 72-year-old man is presented. The tumor histologically revealed high grade urothelial carcinoma (UC) and partially contained squamous component with a transition to shadow cell nests, similar to those seen in cutaneous pilomatricoma (PMX). Immunohistochemically, the modes of cell death in the component of SCD were identical to those in PMX. The present case as well as 10 cases of cutaneous PMX showed nuclear expression of beta-catenin, whereas 10 cases of bladder UC with squamous differentiation revealed membranous localization without nuclear expression. These results suggest that nuclear accumulation of beta-catenin may play an important role for SCD in the present case. SCD in extracutaneous tumor is extremely rare and, in the literature, the present case is the second one as for bladder carcinoma.

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[1229]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Postoperative kidney injury does not decrease survival after liver transplantation.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Acta Cir Bras. 2012 Nov;27(11):802-8.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Fonseca-Neto OC; Miranda LE; Batista TP; Sabat BD; Melo PS; Amorim AG; Lacerda CM

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Division of Abdominal Surgery, Department of Surgery, UPE, Pernambuco, Brazil. olivalneto@globo.com

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: To explore the effect of acute kidney injury (AKI) on long-term survival after conventional orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) without venovenous bypass (VVB). METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was carried out on 153 patients with end-stage liver diseases transplanted by the Department of General  Surgery and Liver Transplantation of the University of Pernambuco, from August, 1999 to December, 2009. The Kaplan-Meier survival estimates and log-rank test were applied to explore the association between AKI and long-term patient survival, and multivariate analyses were applied to control the effect of other variables. RESULTS: Over the 12.8-year follow-up, 58.8% patients were alive with  a median follow-up of 4.5-year. Patient 1-, 2-, 3- and 5-year survival were 74.5%, 70.6%, 67.9% and 60.1%; respectively. Early postoperative mortality was poorer amongst patients who developed AKI (5.4% vs. 20%, p=0.010), but long-term  5-year survival did not significantly differed between groups (51.4% vs. 65.3%; p=0.077). After multivariate analyses, AKI was not significantly related to long-term survival and only the intraoperative transfusion of red blood cells was significantly related to this outcome (non-adjusted Exp[b]=1.072; p=0.045). CONCLUSION: The occurrence of postoperative acute kidney injury did not independently decrease patient survival after orthotopic liver transplantation without venovenous bypass in this data from northeast Brazil.

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[1230]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Redirecting neutrophils against bladder cancer cells by BCG and Smac mimetic combination.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Oncoimmunology. 2012 Oct 1;1(7):1161-1162.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 4161/onci.20928

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Jinesh G G; Kamat AM

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Unit 1373; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston, TX USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) immunotherapy results in neutrophil recruitment and subsequent secretion of cytokines to eliminate non-muscle invasive bladder cancer cells. However, bladder cancer cells often resist BCG immunotherapy. Thus, understanding the mechanism of action of BCG, and designing  appropriate combination therapies might help to overcome BCG resistance and redirect neutrophils against bladder cancer cells.

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[1231]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - In-depth investigation of archival and prospectively collected samples reveals no evidence for XMRV infection in prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - PLoS One. 2012;7(9):e44954. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044954. Epub 2012 Sep 18.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1371/journal.pone.0044954

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Lee D; Das Gupta J; Gaughan C; Steffen I; Tang N; Luk KC; Qiu X; Urisman A; Fischer N; Molinaro R; Broz M; Schochetman G; Klein EA; Ganem D; Derisi JL; Simmons G; Hackett J Jr; Silverman RH; Chiu CY

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - XMRV, or xenotropic murine leukemia virus (MLV)-related virus, is a novel gammaretrovirus originally identified in studies that analyzed tissue from prostate cancer patients in 2006 and blood from patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) in 2009. However, a large number of subsequent studies failed to confirm a link between XMRV infection and CFS or prostate cancer. On the contrary, recent evidence indicates that XMRV is a contaminant originating from the recombination of two mouse endogenous retroviruses during passaging of a prostate tumor xenograft (CWR22) in mice, generating laboratory-derived cell lines that are XMRV-infected. To confirm or refute an association between XMRV and prostate cancer, we analyzed prostate cancer tissues and plasma from a prospectively collected cohort of 39 patients as well as archival RNA and prostate tissue from the original 2006 study. Despite comprehensive microarray, PCR, FISH, and serological testing, XMRV was not detected in any of the newly collected samples or in archival tissue, although archival RNA remained XMRV-positive. Notably, archival VP62 prostate tissue, from which the prototype XMRV strain was derived, tested negative for XMRV on re-analysis. Analysis of viral genomic and human mitochondrial sequences revealed that all previously characterized XMRV strains are identical and that the archival RNA had been contaminated by an XMRV-infected laboratory cell line. These findings reveal no association between XMRV and prostate cancer, and underscore the conclusion that  XMRV is not a naturally acquired human infection.

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[1232]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Overview of interventional treatment options for benign prostatic hyperplasia.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Can Urol Assoc J. 2012 Oct;6(5 Suppl 2):S143-5. doi: 10.5489/cuaj.12205.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 5489/cuaj.12205

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Elhilali MM

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Stephen Jarislowsky Chair of Urology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal,  QC.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) remains the gold standard surgical intervention for men with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). However, there are  other, newer technologies that have also demonstrated safety and efficacy at least equivalent to that of TURP (e.g., Holmium laser, photoselective vaporization of the prostate). These minimally invasive techniques may be particularly useful for selected patient populations (e.g., those on anticoagulant therapy).

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[1233]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - NAD(P)H:Quinone Oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) P187S Polymorphism and Prostate Cancer Risk in Caucasians.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Int J Mol Sci. 2012;13(9):10959-69. doi: 10.3390/ijms130910959. Epub 2012 Jul 26.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 3390/ijms130910959

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Stoehr CG; Nolte E; Wach S; Wieland WF; Hofstaedter F; Hartmann A; Stoehr R

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany; E-Mails: christine.stoehr@uk-erlangen.de (C.G.S.); arndt.hartmann@uk-erlangen.de  (A.H.).

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) catalyses the reduction of quinoid compounds to hydroquinones, preventing the generation of free radicals and reactive oxygen. A “C” to “T” transversion at position 609 of NQO1, leading to a  nonsynonymous amino acid change (Pro187Ser, P187S), results in an altered enzyme  activity. No NQO1 protein activity was detected in NQO1(609)TT genotype, and low  to intermediate activity was detected in NQO1(609)CT genotype compared with (609)CC genotype. Thus, this polymorphism may result in altered cancer predisposition. For prostate cancer, only sparse data are available. We therefore analyzed the distribution of the NQO1 P187S SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism)  in prostate cancer patients and a healthy control group. Allelic variants were determined using RFLP analysis. Overall, 232 patients without any malignancy and  119 consecutive prostate cancer patients were investigated. The genotype distribution in our cohorts followed the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in cases and  controls. The distribution of the NQO1 codon 187 SNP did not differ significantly between prostate cancer patients and the control group (p = 0.242). There was also no association between the allelic variants and stage or Gleason score of the tumors. The NQO1 P187S SNP was not significantly associated with an increased prostate cancer risk in our cohorts. The SNP has also no influence on histopathological characteristics of the tumors. A combined analysis of all available data from published European studies also showed no significant differences in the genotype distribution between controls and prostate cancer patients. Our data suggest a minor role of the NQO1 nucleotide 609 polymorphism in prostate carcinogenesis.

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[1234]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - CEA-producing urothelial cell carcinoma with metastasis presenting as a rectal adenocarcinoma.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Kaohsiung J Med Sci. 2012 Nov;28(11):624-7. doi: 10.1016/j.kjms.2012.04.030. Epub 2012 Jul 23.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.kjms.2012.04.030

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Yang MH; Sun GH; Yu DS; Chang SY; Ma CP; Cha TL

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - This is a case study of a 61-year-old male who presented with difficult defecation for 1 month. A circumferential submucosal rectal tumor was noted on a  digital rectal examination and colonoscopy. Laboratory examination revealed high  serum levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA; 43.75 ng/mL) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9; 11,790 U/mL). In addition, tumor biopsies revealed a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the rectum with intact mucosa. The patient had history of advanced stage-T2 urothelial cell carcinoma of bladder, which had been downstaged to T0 by neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by radical cystectomy 1 year prior. After investigating the initial bladder tumor specimens, a small portion of the tumor with high CEA expression comparable to the submucosal rectal tumor was found. The size of the tumor was reduced and the levels of the tumor markers decreased after administering FOLFIRI chemotherapy targeted at the adenocarcinoma. Although neoadjuvant chemotherapy may have a selective pressure to eliminate most urothelial cell carcinoma, physicians should be aware that it can lead to rectal metastasis via CEA-producing components.

 

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[1235]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Overexpression of ETS-1 is associated with malignant biological features of prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Asian J Androl. 2012 Nov;14(6):860-3. doi: 10.1038/aja.2012.107. Epub 2012 Oct 15.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1038/aja.2012.107

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Li B; Shimizu Y; Kobayashi T; Terada N; Yoshimura K; Kamba T; Mikami Y; Inoue T; Nishiyama H; Ogawa O

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - E26 transformation-specific-1 (ETS-1), an ETS family transcription factor, has been reported to play an important role in a variety of physiological and pathological processes, but clinical implications of ETS-1 expression in prostate cancer (PCa), particularly high-risk cases, including response to androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) have yet to be elucidated. We examined the expression of ETS-1 using immunohistochemical staining of paraffin-embedded prostate carcinoma tissue obtained by needle biopsy from 69 mostly advanced PCa patients. ETS-1 expression was compared with the clinicopathological characteristics of the 69 patients, including 25 who underwent ADT as a primary treatment. As a result, PCa patients with higher expression of ETS-1 were significantly more likely to be of high stage and high Gleason score (P<0.05). There was no significant association between ETS-1 expression and the initial prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level. In the 25 patients treated by ADT, the staining score for ETS-1 was significantly associated with rapid development of castration-resistant disease within 24 months (P<0.05), whereas the Gleason score and PSA level were not. In conclusion, increased ETS-1 expression was associated  with a higher stage, higher Gleason score and shorter time to castration-resistant progression. These data suggest that immunostaining for ETS-1 could be a molecular marker for predicting a poor clinical outcome for PCa  patients, particularly those with high-risk disease.

 

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[1236]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Nature of lesions undergoing radical nephrectomy for renal cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2012;13(9):4431-3.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Mustafa G; Ilhan G; Necip P; Kerem T; Kadir C

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Yuzuncu Yil University, Medical Faculty, Department of Urology, Van, Turkey. drmustafa23@yahoo.com

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - AIM: The aim of the present study was to evaluate retrospectively histopathologically-diagnosed lesions that were detected in the kidney after radical nephrectomy for a preoperative diagnosis of kidney cancer. METHODS: The medical records of 83 patients (51 male, 32 female) were included. Preoperative staging was accomplished by various methods including physical examination, blood hemography and biochemistry, abdominal ultrasonography (US), chest x-ray, abdominal computed tomography (CT) and abdominal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). RESULTS: Totals of 70 patients underwent radical nephrectomy and 13 nephron sparing surgery. Of the 83 patients, 70 had malignant lesions (renal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma or other malignancies) 13 had a variety of benign lesions, the most frequently detected being oncoytoma (6), angiomyolipoma  (3), xanthogranulamatous pyelonephritis (2), cortical cyst (1) and chronic pyelonephritic change (1). CONCLUSION: It was concluded that in spite of great technological developments regarding radiological imaging modalities such as US,  CT and MRI, benign lesions might still be detected pathologically in patients who undergo radical nephrectomy with the preoperative diagnosis of renal cancer. But, all renal masses should be regarded as malignant and should be managed surgically otherwise proven benign.

 

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[1237]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - An unusual appearance of renal epithelioid angiomyolipoma.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Singapore Med J. 2012 Oct;53(10):e204-7.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Mak CW; Chang JM; Tzeng WS; Huan SK

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Medical Imaging, Chi-Mei Medical Centre, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China. drcwmak@so-net.net.tw

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Epithelioid angiomyolipoma is a recently described rare variant of renal angiomyolipoma. It can occur in patients with or without tuberous sclerosis. We report the imaging findings of a case of epithelioid angiomyolipoma that showed the presence of fatty tissue undifferentiated from the typical angiomyolipoma at  the beginning. After partial nephrectomy, tumour recurrence occurred two years later, presenting as completely solid tumours with no adipose tissue, and with invasion into the psoas muscle and left adrenal gland. Differentiation of this tumour from renal cell carcinoma is difficult. Both the radiologist and surgeon should be aware of the existence of this tumour and its potentially malignant behaviour.

 

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[1238]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Primary small cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder—mini-review of the literature.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2012;13(8):3549-53.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Chhabra S; Hegde P; Singhal P

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Karnataka, India. drsarabjeetchhabra@hotmail.com

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Primary small cell carcinoma of urinary bladder is a rare but aggressive disease  with poor prognosis and a high mortality rate. It accounts for less than 1 % of all the primary cancers seen in the urinary bladder. Diagnosis and management of  this entity poses a challenge to the clinician due to the lack of a standardized  protocol for its treatment. Herein we discuss primary small cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder in its entirety.

 

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[1239]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Association between trace element and heavy metal levels in hair and nail with prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2012;13(9):4249-53.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Karimi G; Shahar S; Homayouni N; Rajikan R; Abu Bakar NF; Othman MS

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda A Aziz, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. suzana.Shahar@gmail.com

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - While associations between trace elements and heavy metals with prostate cancer are still debatable, they have been considered as risk factors for prostate cancer. Thus, this study aimed to detect any links between selected minerals and  heavy metals including Se, Zn, Cu, Mn and Fe with prostate cancer. A case control study was carried out among 100 subjects (case n=50, control n=50), matched for age and ethnicity. Trace elements and heavy metals level in hair and nail samples were determined by ICP-MS. Mean selenium levels in hair and nail of the cases were significantly lower as compared to controls. A similar trend was noted for zinc in both hair and nail samples, whereas the mean level of copper was significantly higher in cases than controls. Similar elevation was noted for iron and manganese (p<0.05 for all parameters). Low levels of selenium and zinc and high levels of copper, iron and manganese appear to be associated with the risk of prostate cancer. Further studies to elucidate the causal mechanisms and appropriate chemopreventive measures are needed.

 

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[1240]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Primary neuroendocrine carcinoma of the kidney.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2012 Jun 1. doi: 10.5507/bp.2012.053.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 5507/bp.2012.053

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Dvorackova J; Macak J; Brzula P; Tomanova R; Dokulil J

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Pathology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine University of Ostrava, Czech Republic.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: The objective of the study was to report a rare case of primary neuroendocrine carcinoma of the right kidney in a 36 year old male. METHODS: The  patient was clinically assessed; CT and OctreoScan scintigraphy were performed and levels of 5-HIAA, vanillylmandelic acid and NSE were determined. The tumor and metastases were histologically and immunohistochemically examined. RESULTS: The imaging methods showed a cystic tumor in the lower pole of the right kidney.  Macroscopically, the entire tumor was sized 8x8x7 cm. Histologically, it was made up of ribbon-line or trabecular patterns of tumor cells. Occasional adenomatoid and cystic structures were present. The tumor cell nuclei were round or oval, with no irregularities and fine lumpy chromatin. The mitotic count was < 1 /10HPF and the proliferation marker Ki-67 was < 1 % of tumor cells. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were positive with antibodies against chromogranin A, synaptophysin, CD56 (focally), cytokeratins AE1-AE3 (focally), vimentin (most cells), glucagon (focally), and pancreatic polypeptide (PP; focally). Antibodies against serotonin, somatostatin, gastrin, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and calcitonin did not react with the tumor. The results of biochemical markers (5-HIAA, vanillylmandelic acid and NSE) did not correlate with development or treatment of the tumor. CONCLUSIONS: Primary neuroendocrine carcinoma of the kidney was diagnosed both histologically and immunohistochemically. The patient was clinically investigated using CT and OctreoScan scintigraphy. Within two years from nephrectomy, metastases were found in the right humerus and retrocaval lymph nodes. The metastatic lesions were surgically removed. Currently, the patient’s condition is good, with no tumor progression detected.

 

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[1241]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Everolimus in metastatic renal cell carcinoma: preliminary experience from Chang  Gung Memorial Hospital.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Chang Gung Med J. 2012 Sep-Oct;35(5):402-7.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Huang WK; Liaw CC; Pang ST; Chuang CK; Chiang YJ; Wu CT; Chang YH; Wang HM; Lin YC; Hsieh JJ; Ou LY; Tsai SI; Yang CH; Yang CT; Chang JW

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Division of Hematology-Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Everolimus has been approved for second-line treatment of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) after failure of sorafenib or sunitinib. The purpose of this retrospective study was to assess the efficacy and safety of everolimus in Taiwanese patients with mRCC. METHODS: Between March 2009 and August 2011, 24 mRCC patients treated with everolimus were analyzed. Prior to everolimus, each patient had received therapy with at least one vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were estimated according to the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: Fifteen patients (62.5%) achieved stable disease. The median PFS was 7.1 months (95% confidence interval, 3.6-10.5 months). The median OS was 20.7 months (95% confidence interval, 5.0-36.4 months). The most frequent non-hematologic adverse events with everolimus were mucositis, rash, epistaxis and pneumonitis. CONCLUSIONS: Everolimus is an effective second-line treatment for Taiwanese patients with mRCC. The toxicity is tolerable and manageable.

 

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[1242]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Core2 O-glycan-expressing prostate cancer cells are resistant to NK cell immunity.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Mol Med Rep. 2013 Feb;7(2):359-64. doi: 10.3892/mmr.2012.1189. Epub 2012 Nov 19.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 3892/mmr.2012.1189

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Okamoto T; Yoneyama MS; Hatakeyama S; Mori K; Yamamoto H; Koie T; Saitoh H; Yamaya K; Funyu T; Fukuda M; Ohyama C; Tsuboi S

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki  036-8562, Japan.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Core2 beta-1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (C2GnT) forms an N-acetylglucosamine branch in the O-glycans (core2 O-glycans) of cell surface glycoproteins. We previously revealed that the expression of C2GnT is positively  correlated with poor prognosis in prostate cancer patients. However, the detailed mechanisms underlying their poor prognosis remain unclear. In the current study,  we report that the core2 O-glycans carried by the surface MUC1 glycoproteins of prostate cancer cells play an important role in the evasion of NK cell immunity.  In C2GnTexpressing prostate cancer cells, the MUC1 core2 O-glycans are modified with poly-N-acetyllactosamine. MUC1 glycoproteins carrying poly-N-acetyllactosamine attenuated the interaction of the cancer cells with NK cells, resulting in decreased secretion of granzyme B by the NK cells. PolyNacetyllactosamine also interfered with the ability of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) to access the cancer cell surface. These effects of poly-N-acetyllactosamine on NK cells render C2GnT-expressing prostate cancer cells resistant to NK cell cytotoxicity. By contrast, C2GnT-deficient prostate cancer cells carrying a lower amount of poly-N-acetyllactosamine than the C2GnT-expressing prostate cancer cells were significantly more susceptible to NK cell cytotoxicity. Our results strongly suggest that C2GnT-expressing prostate cancer cells evade NK cell immunity and survive longer in the host blood circulation, thereby resulting in the promotion  of prostate cancer metastasis.

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[1243]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Comparison of the characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells obtained from prostate tumors and from bone marrow cultured in conditioned medium.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Exp Ther Med. 2012 Oct;4(4):711-715. Epub 2012 Jul 20.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 3892/etm.2012.642

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Ding G; Shao J; Ding Q; Fang Z; Wu Z; Xu J; Gao P

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China ;

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common type of cancer worldwide. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can also be utilized as ‘tumor stromal cells’, which are associated with invasive and metastatic malignant tumor cells. Our study aimed to investigate MSCs in prostate tumors and normal MSCs and evaluate their differential characteristics. Normal MSCs (BMMSCs) were isolated from the femur and tibia of normal mice; prostate tumor MSCs (PCa-MSCs) were obtained from prostate tumors implanted in mice. These two types of MSCs were induced to differentiate into adipocytes, bone cells and chondrocytes. Growth curves were used to analyze the growth ability of PCa-MSCs and BMMSCs. Tritium-labeled thymidine (3H-TdR) was used to evaluate cell proliferation of RM-1 stimulated by  MSCs. The time taken for PCa-MSCs to reach 90% confluence was markedly shorter than that of BMMSCs (8-10 vs. 12-14 days). The differentiation ability of PCa-MSCs was similar to that described in previous reports. The growth ability of PCa-MSCs was significantly higher than that of BMMSCs. The proliferative activity of PCa-MSCs was also higher than that of BMMSCs. Our data showed that PCa-MSCs exhibit identical characteristics when compared with those of MSCs. Additionally, their proliferative activity and growth ability were significantly higher when compared with these values in BMMSCs, which appear to have an intrinsic, cell-specific capacity to localize to PCa. The possible role of PCa-MSCs in the process of PCa development requires further clarification.

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[1244]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Detection of lipid-rich prostate circulating tumour cells with coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscopy.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - BMC Cancer. 2012 Nov 21;12:540. doi: 10.1186/1471-2407-12-540.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1186/1471-2407-12-540

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Mitra R; Chao O; Urasaki Y; Goodman OB; Le TT

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Nevada Cancer Institute, One Breakthrough Way, Las Vegas, NV 89135, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Circulating tumour cells (CTC) are an important indicator of metastasis and associated with a poor prognosis. Detection sensitivity and specificity of CTC in the peripheral blood of metastatic cancer patient remain a  technical challenge. METHODS: Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy was employed to examine the lipid content of CTC isolated from the peripheral blood of metastatic prostate cancer patients. CARS microscopy was also employed to evaluate lipid uptake and mobilization kinetics of a metastatic human prostate cancer cell line. RESULTS: One hundred CTC from eight metastatic prostate cancer patients exhibited strong CARS signal which arose from intracellular lipid. In contrast, leukocytes exhibited weak CARS signal which arose mostly from cellular membrane. On average, CARS signal intensity of prostate CTC was 7-fold higher than that of leukocytes (P<0.0000001). When incubated with human plasma, C4-2 metastatic human prostate cancer cells exhibited rapid lipid uptake kinetics and slow lipid mobilization kinetics. Higher expression of lipid transport proteins in C4-2 cells compared to non-transformed RWPE-1 and non-malignant BPH-1 prostate epithelial cells further  indicated strong affinity for lipid of metastatic prostate cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS: Intracellular lipid could serve as a biomarker for prostate CTC which could be sensitively detected with CARS microscopy in a label-free manner.  Strong affinity for lipid by metastatic prostate cancer cells could be used to improve detection sensitivity and therapeutic targeting of prostate CTC.

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[1245]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Englerin a selectively induces necrosis in human renal cancer cells.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - PLoS One. 2012;7(10):e48032. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048032. Epub 2012 Oct 22.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1371/journal.pone.0048032

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Sulzmaier FJ; Li Z; Nakashige ML; Fash DM; Chain WJ; Ramos JW

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Cancer Biology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii  at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - The number of renal cancers has increased over the last ten years and patient survival in advanced stages remains very poor. Therefore, new therapeutic approaches for renal cancer are essential. Englerin A is a natural product with a very potent and selective cytotoxicity against renal cancer cells. This makes it  a promising drug candidate that may improve current treatment standards for patients with renal cancers in all stages. However, little is known about englerin A’s mode of action in targeting specifically renal cancer cells. Our study is the first to investigate the biological mechanism of englerin A action in detail. We report that englerin A is specific for renal tumor cells and does not affect normal kidney cells. We find that englerin A treatment induces necrotic cell death in renal cancer cells but not in normal kidney cells. We further show that autophagic and pyroptotic proteins are unaffected by the compound and that necrotic signaling in these cells coincided with production of  reactive oxygen species and calcium influx into the cytoplasm. As the first study to analyze the biological effects of englerin A, our work provides an important basis for the evaluation and validation of the compound’s use as an anti-tumor drug. It also provides a context in which to identify the specific target or targets of englerin A in renal cancer cells.

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[1246]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - The phytoalexin camalexin mediates cytotoxicity towards aggressive prostate cancer cells via reactive oxygen species.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Nat Med. 2012 Nov 24.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s11418-012-0722-3

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Smith BA; Neal CL; Chetram M; Vo B; Mezencev R; Hinton C; Odero-Marah VA

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - The Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University, 223 James P. Brawley Drive SW, Atlanta, GA, 30314, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Camalexin is a phytoalexin that accumulates in various cruciferous plants upon exposure to environmental stress and plant pathogens. Besides moderate antibacterial and antifungal activity, camalexin was reported to also exhibit antiproliferative and cancer chemopreventive effects in breast cancer and leukemia. We studied the cytotoxic effects of camalexin treatment on prostate cancer cell lines and whether this was mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS)  generation. As models, we utilized LNCaP and its aggressive subline, C4-2, as well as ARCaP cells stably transfected with empty vector (Neo) control or constitutively active Snail cDNA that represents an epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) model and displays increased cell migration and tumorigenicity.  We confirmed previous studies showing that C4-2 and ARCaP-Snail cells express more ROS than LNCaP and ARCaP-Neo, respectively. Camalexin increased ROS, decreased cell proliferation, and increased apoptosis more significantly in C4-2  and ARCaP-Snail cells as compared to LNCaP and ARCaP-Neo cells, respectively, while normal prostate epithelial cells (PrEC) were unaffected. Increased caspase-3/7 activity and increased cleaved PARP protein shown by Western blot analysis was suggestive of increased apoptosis. The ROS scavenger N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) antagonized the effects of camalexin, whereas the addition of exogenous hydrogen peroxide potentiated the effects of camalexin, showing that camalexin is mediating its effects through ROS. In conclusion, camalexin is more  potent in aggressive prostate cancer cells that express high ROS levels, and this phytoalexin has a strong potential as a novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of especially metastatic prostate cancer.

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[1247]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Isolation and characterization of circulating tumor cells in prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Front Oncol. 2012;2:131. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2012.00131. Epub 2012 Oct 11.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 3389/fonc.2012.00131

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Diamond E; Lee GY; Akhtar NH; Kirby BJ; Giannakakou P; Tagawa ST; Nanus DM

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College New York, NY, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are tumor cells found in the peripheral blood that putatively originate from established sites of malignancy and likely have metastatic potential. Analysis of CTCs has demonstrated promise as a prognostic marker as well as a source of identifying potential targets for novel therapeutics. Isolation and characterization of these cells for study, however, remain challenging owing to their rarity in comparison with other cellular components of the peripheral blood. Several techniques that exploit the unique biochemical properties of CTCs have been developed to facilitate their isolation. Positive selection of CTCs has been achieved using microfluidic surfaces coated with antibodies against epithelial cell markers or tumor-specific antigens such as EpCAM or prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA). Following isolation, characterization of CTCs may help guide clinical decision making. For instance, molecular and genetic characterization may shed light on the development of chemotherapy resistance and mechanisms of metastasis without the need for a tissue biopsy. This paper will review novel isolation techniques to capture CTCs  from patients with advanced prostate cancer, as well as efforts to characterize the CTCs. We will also review how these analyzes can assist in clinical decision  making. Conclusion: The study of CTCs provides insight into the molecular biology of tumors of prostate origin that will eventually guide the development of tailored therapeutics. These advances are predicated on high yield and accurate isolation techniques that exploit the unique biochemical features of these cells.

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[1248]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Autophagy is differentially induced in prostate cancer LNCaP, DU145 and PC-3 cells via distinct splicing profiles of ATG5.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Autophagy. 2013 Jan;9(1):20-32. doi: 10.4161/auto.22397. Epub 2012 Oct 17.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 4161/auto.22397

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Ouyang DY; Xu LH; He XH; Zhang YT; Zeng LH; Cai JY; Ren S

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Tissue Transplantation and Immunology,  Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Autophagic responses to chemotherapeutic agents may vary greatly among different  prostate cancer cells and have not been well characterized. In this study, we showed that valproic acid (VPA) induced conversion of LC3-I to LC3-II and formation of LC3 puncta, the typical markers of autophagy, in LNCaP and PC-3 cells. However, these markers were undetectable in DU145 cells upon autophagic stimulation, indicating a defect of autophagy in this cell line. Among several critical autophagy-related proteins, ATG5 and ATG12-ATG5 conjugates, which are essential for autophagy induction, were absent in DU145 cells. No canonical transcripts for full-length ATG5 but only two alternatively spliced ATG5 transcripts were identified in DU145 cells. These alternative transcripts lack one or two exons, leading to premature termination of ATG5 translation. Transfection of the wild-type ATG5 gene into DU145 cells rescued the production of ATG5 and ATG12-ATG5 conjugates, resulting in formation of LC3-II conjugates and LC3 puncta. Moreover, the levels of the SQSTM1 protein, which should be degradable as an autophagy adaptor, were much higher in DU145 than in LNCaP and PC-3 cells, but were significantly decreased after ATG5 restoration in DU145 cells. However, expression of wild-type ATG5 in DU145 or knockdown of ATG5 in LNCaP and PC-3 cells did not change the inhibitory effects of VPA on these cells. Collectively, these results indicated that VPA-induced autophagy in prostate cancer cells depended on ATG5 and more importantly, that the autophagy pathway was genetically impaired in DU145 cells, suggesting caution in interpreting autophagic responses in this cell line.

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[1249]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Deriving margins in prostate cancer radiotherapy treatment: comparison of neural  network and fuzzy logic models.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Int J Bioinform Res Appl. 2012;8(5-6):325-41. doi: 10.1504/IJBRA.2012.049620.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1504/IJBRA.2012.049620

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Mzenda B; Gegov A; Brown DJ; Petrov N

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - CancerPartnersUK, Southampton, SO16 6UY, UK. bongile.mzenda@cancerpartnersuk.org

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - This study investigates the feasibility of using Artificial Neural Network (ANN)  and fuzzy logic based techniques to select treatment margins for dynamically moving targets in the radiotherapy treatment of prostate cancer. The use of data  from 15 patients relating error effects to the Tumour Control Probability (TCP) and Normal Tissue Complication Probability (NTCP) radiobiological indices was contrasted against the use of data based on the prostate volume receiving 99% of  the prescribed dose (V99%) and the rectum volume receiving more than 60Gy (V60).  For the same input data, the results of the ANN were compared to results obtained using a fuzzy system, a fuzzy network and current clinically used statistical techniques. Compared to fuzzy and statistical methods, the ANN derived margins were found to be up to 2 mm larger at small and high input errors and up to 3.5 mm larger at medium input error magnitudes.

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[1250]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Conservative treatment ofa recto-urethral fistula due to salvage HIFU for local recurrence of prostate cancer, 5 years after radical prostatectomy and external beam radiotherapy.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - British Medical J (BMJ). Acceso gratuito al texto completo.

            ●● Enlace a la Editora de la Revista bmj.com/search.dtl 

            ●● Cita: British Medical J. (BMJ): <> Case Rep. 2012 Nov 9;2012. pii: bcr0320126115. doi: 10.1136/bcr.03.2012.6115.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1136/bcr.03.2012.6115

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Topazio L; Perugia C; Finazzi-Agro E

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Provincia, Italy.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Recto-urethral fistula is one of the most serious complications caused by high-intensity-focused ultrasound used as salvage treatment for recurrence of prostate cancer after brachytherapy or external beam radiotherapy (EBRT). We report the case of a recto-urethral fistula in a 68-year-old patient, who previously had undergone radical prostatectomy and EBRT for prostate cancer (pT3  N0 Mx). The fistula was treated conservatively by an indwelling Foley catheter, without the creation of an intestinal diversion. The fistula was assessed initially by a retrograde and a CT scan of the pelvis with contrast medium and reassessed periodically by means of retrograde urethrograms. To date, 24&emsp14;months after this episode, no evidence of recurrence of the fistula has been found.

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[1251]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Treatment of Prostate Cancer Local Recurrence After Whole-Gland Cryosurgery With  Frameless Robotic Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy: Initial Experience.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Clin Genitourin Cancer. 2012 Oct 11. pii: S1558-7673(12)00179-6. doi: 10.1016/j.clgc.2012.09.004.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.clgc.2012.09.004

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Quarrier S; Katz A; Haas J

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY. Electronic address: scott.quarrier@hsc.stonybrook.edu.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: The use of frameless robotic stereotactic body radiotherapy has not been investigated in patients whose primary cryosurgery treatment failed. The aim of this series was to present initial experiences with frameless robotic radiosurgery in the treatment of local prostate recurrence after cryotherapy. METHODS: We reviewed the outcome of frameless robotic radiosurgery in 4 patients  for biopsy-proven local recurrent prostate cancer after cryotherapy. The patients underwent stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) at Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, New York. RESULTS: The patients’ ages ranged from 66 to 75 years old. The average follow-up was more than 4 months. Presalvage prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels were 7.3, 11.9, 6.1, and 20.9 ng/mL for the four patients. Presalvage Gleason scores were 7, 7, 9, and 8 respectively. One patient had insufficient follow-up for inclusion. The 3 remaining patients showed reduction of PSA levels after SBRT. Follow-up post-SBRT PSA levels were 2.2, 0.19, and 2.0 ng/mL. The average PSA reduction was 7.0 ng/mL. Morbidity at 3-week follow-up included urinary urgency, dysuria, and constipation. There was no change in international prostate symptom score or The International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form scores after SBRT. One patient experienced erectile dysfunction from SBRT. CONCLUSIONS: Initial results  indicate that robotic SBRT is a viable option for patients who have failed initial cryosurgery therapy measures. The patients had minimal morbidity with significant reduction in PSA levels.

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[1252]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Inhibition of PTEN gene expression by oncogenic miR-23b-3p in renal cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - PLoS One. 2012;7(11):e50203. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050203. Epub 2012 Nov 26.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1371/journal.pone.0050203

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Zaman MS; Thamminana S; Shahryari V; Chiyomaru T; Deng G; Saini S; Majid S; Fukuhara S; Chang I; Arora S; Hirata H; Ueno K; Singh K; Tanaka Y; Dahiya R

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States  of America.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: miR-23b is located on chromosome number 9 and plays different roles in different organs especially with regards to cancer development. However, the functional significance of miR-23b-3p in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has not been  reported. METHODS AND RESULTS: We measured miR-23b-3p levels in 29 pairs of renal cell carcinoma and their normal matched tissues using real-time PCR. The expression level of miR-23b-3p was correlated with the 5 year survival rate of renal cancer patients. In 15 cases (52%), miR-23b-3p expression was found to be high. All patients with moderate to low miR-23b-3p expression survived 5 years, while those with high miR-23b-3p expression, only 50% survived. After knocking down miRNA-23b-3p expression in RCC cell lines, there was an induction of apoptosis and reduced invasive capabilities. MiR-23b-3p was shown to directly target PTEN gene through 3’UTR reporter assays. Inhibition of miR-23b-3p induces  PTEN gene expression with a concomitant reduction in PI3-kinase, total Akt and IL-32. Immunohistochemistry showed the lack of PTEN protein expression in cancerous regions of tissue samples where the expression of miR-23b-3p was high.  We studied the in vitro effects of the dietary chemo preventive agent genistein on miR-23b-3p expression and found that it inhibited expression of miR-23b-3p in  RCC cell lines. CONCLUSIONS: The current study shows that miR-23b-3p is an oncogenic miRNA and inhibits PTEN tumor suppressor gene in RCC. Therefore, inhibition of miR-23b-3p may be a useful therapeutic target for the treatment of  renal cell carcinoma.

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[1253]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Cancer testis antigens: A new paradigm for cancer therapy.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Oncoimmunology. 2012 Oct 1;1(7):1194-1196.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 4161/onci.20686

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Suri A; Saini S; Sinha A; Agarwal S; Verma A; Parashar D; Singh S; Gupta N; Jagadish N

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Cancer Microarray; Genes and Proteins Laboratory; National Institute of Immunology; New Delhi, India.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Cancer immunotherapy is a promising field with limited success, also due to lack  of tumor-specific targets. In our attempt of exploring novel biomarkers and immunotherapeutic targets against cancer, we have discovered a novel cancer testis antigen, SPAG9, in cancers of different histological origin and demonstrated its potential role in oncogenesis.

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[1254]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Successful Treatment of Incidental Prostate Cancer by Radical Transurethral Resection of Prostate Cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Clin Genitourin Cancer. 2012 Nov 5. pii: S1558-7673(12)00212-1. doi: 10.1016/j.clgc.2012.09.012.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.clgc.2012.09.012

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Morita M; Matsuura T

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Kounaizaka Clinic, Kochi, Japan. Electronic address: qq6e49qg9@chime.ocn.ne.jp.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: To evaluate the rationale for RTUR-PCa against pT1a/b cancer, we analyzed oncological and functional outcomes. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Fifty-six patients with incidental prostate cancer were included and the age ranged from 66 to 91 years (mean, 76.6; median, 75.0). Preoperative prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels were between 0.70 and 44.1 ng/mL (mean, 5.90; median, 4.60). We performed 69 RTUR-PCa’s by resecting and fulgurating the residual prostate tissues after previous transurethral resection of the prostate. Prostate specific antigen nonrecurrence rate was calculated by Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: Follow-up duration of 51 patients was mean +/- SD 64.1 +/- 21.6 months (median, 67.8 months; range, 13.8-99.8) excluding 5 patients that were lost to follow-up.  Prostate specific antigen failure developed in 3 patients (5.9%). In the other 48 patients, PSA stabilized as follows: PSA </= 0.01, 24 cases; </= 0.02, 5 cases; </= 0.03, 6 cases; </= 0.04, 3 cases; </= 0.1, 7 cases; and </= 0.4, 3 cases. Prostate specific antigen nonrecurrence rates were 100% for pT2a and 91.3% for pT2b at the mean follow-up period of 64.1 months. Nonrecurrence rate grouped by D’Amico classification system were 100% in the low-risk group, 94.7% in the intermediate-risk group, and 88.2% in the high-risk group, respectively. Water intoxication did not develop and no patients required transfusion. Bladder neck contracture, which developed in 22 out of 51 patients (43.1%), was the most frequent postoperative complication. Postoperative incontinence was temporary and disappeared within 3 months in all patients. CONCLUSION: Satisfactory oncologic and functional results suggest that RTUR-PCa could be a promising option for radical treatment against incidental prostate cancer.

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[1255]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - A novel endoscopic treatment for ureteric remnant hemorrhage post laparoscopic radical nephrectomy.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Scand J Urol. 2012 Oct 4.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 3109/00365599.2012.729223

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Michael A; Sheridan-Jonah A; Kovac JR; Allard CB; Matsumoto ED

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - McMaster Institute of Urology, St. Joseph’s Hospital , Hamilton, Ontario , Canada.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Abstract Laparoscopic radical nephrectomy is commonly used to treat renal masses. Given the ubiquitous presence of this technique, rare complications are becoming  more commonplace. It is thus essential that practicing urologists be aware of all possible complications as well as the novel management approaches that exist. This report presents a situation in which a patient developed rapid-onset, postoperative gross hematuria. This complication is rare and multiple sources of  bleeding must be considered. In the situation reported here, the ureteric remnant was the cause of the unremitting gross hematuria. While others have described surgical exploration as the primary treatment, the authors were successful in using a minimally invasive endoscopic approach with fulguration and instillation  of a fibrin sealant. Indeed, they propose that the endoscopic approach described  herein may be considered first line in cases of unremitting gross hematuria originating from the ureteric remnant.

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[1256]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - LHRH Agonists for the Treatment of Prostate Cancer: 2012.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Rev Urol. 2012;14(1-2):1-12.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Lepor H; Shore ND

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - New York University School of Medicine New York, NY.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - The most recent guidelines on prostate cancer screening from the American Urological Association (2009), the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2011),  and the European Association of Urology (2011), as well as treatment and advances in disease monitoring, have increased the androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) population and the duration of ADT usage as the first-line treatment for metastatic prostate cancer. According to the European Association of Urology, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists have become the leading therapeutic option for ADT because they avoid the physical and psychological discomforts associated with orchiectomy. However, GnRH agonists display several shortcomings, including testosterone (T) surge (“clinical flare”) and microsurges. T surge delays the intended serologic endpoint of T suppression and  may exacerbate clinical symptoms. Furthermore, ADT manifests an adverse-event spectrum that can impact quality of life with its attendant well-documented morbidities. Strategies to improve ADT tolerability include a holistic management approach, improved diet and exercise, and more specific monitoring to detect and  prevent T depletion toxicities. Intermittent ADT, which allows hormonal recovery  between treatment periods, has become increasingly utilized as a methodology for  improving quality of life while not diminishing chronic ADT efficacy, and may also provide healthcare cost savings. This review assesses the present and potential future role of GnRH agonists in prostate cancer and explores strategies to minimize the adverse-event profile for patients receiving ADT.

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[1257]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Custirsen (OGX-011): a second-generation antisense inhibitor of clusterin in development for the treatment of prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Future Oncol. 2012 Oct;8(10):1239-51. doi: 10.2217/fon.12.129.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 2217/fon.12.129

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Zielinski R; Chi KN

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Bristish Columbia Cancer Agency, 600 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia, V5Z 4E6, Canada.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Clusterin is a stress-induced cytoprotective chaperone that confers broad-spectrum treatment resistance and is overexpressed across a number of cancers. custirsen (OGX-011) is a promising novel second-generation antisense inhibitor of clusterin in clinical development. This article describes the mechanism of action and safety profile of OGX-011 and details the Phase I and II  results in human solid organ malignancies. Two Phase III registration trials are  currently under recruitment evaluating OGX-011 in combination with chemotherapy in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. These studies not only have the potential to significantly alter the standard of care in prostate cancer, but would also endorse a new class of targets and targeted therapy approach for cancer.

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[1258]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Paediatric genitourinary cancers and late effects of treatment.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Nat Rev Urol. 2013 Jan;10(1):15-25. doi: 10.1038/nrurol.2012.218. Epub 2012 Nov 27.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1038/nrurol.2012.218

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Sadak KT; Ritchey ML; Dome JS

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Division of Oncology, Children’s National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20010, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - The most common childhood genitourinary cancers are Wilms tumour, rhabdomyosarcoma and germ cell tumour (GCT). Long-term survival rates for patients with these tumours are generally excellent, ranging from 80% to 100%. However, the high cure rates have highlighted the need to minimize the long-term  complications of treatments (referred to as ‘late effects’), which can be caused  by the three treatment modalities used to treat genitourinary tumours: surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Serious late effects, such as death, second cancers and tumour recurrence, are uncommon but do occur occasionally. Chronic health conditions—such as cardiac, pulmonary and fertility disorders—are more prevalent. Given the high prevalence of late effects, survivors of childhood genitourinary malignancies require regular surveillance and health promotion delivered by health-care providers with specialist knowledge of the long-term complications of treatment.

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[1259]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Aorto-enteric fistula development secondary to mycotic abdominal aortic aneurysm  following intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) treatment for transitional  cell carcinoma of the bladder.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Int J Surg Case Rep. 2013;4(1):88-90. doi: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2012.09.009. Epub 2012 Oct 5.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.ijscr.2012.09.009

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Roylance A; Mosley J; Jameel M; Sylvan A; Walker V

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Royal Albert Edward Infirmary, Wigan Lane, Wigan WN1 2NN, UK. Electronic address: anthony3484@doctors.org.uk.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - INTRODUCTION: Intravesical BCG-instillation for bladder cancer is considered safe but is not without risk. While most side-effects are localised and self-limiting, the development of secondary vascular pathology is a rare but significant complication. PRESENTATION OF CASE: A 77-year-old male presented with a mycotic abdominal aortic aneurysm and associated aorto-enteric fistula 18 months after receiving intravesical BCG-instillations for early stage transitional cell carcinoma. DISCUSSION: Response rates to intravesical BCG for early stage transitional cell carcinoma are high. The procedure produces a localised inflammatory response in the bladder but the exact mechanism of action is unclear. The treatment is generally well tolerated but BCG-sepsis and secondary vascular complications have been documented. Mycotic abdominal aortic aneurysm with associated aorto-enteric fistula secondary to BCG is very rare. Few examples have been documented internationally and the extent of corresponding research and associated management proposals is limited. Surgical options include in situ repair with prosthetic graft, debridement with extra-anatomical bypass and, occasionally, endovascular stent grafting. Recommended medical therapy for systemic BCG infection is Isoniazid, Rifampicin and Ethambutol. CONCLUSION: Current screening methods must be updated with clarification regarding duration of anti-tuberculous therapy and impact of concomitant anti-tuberculous medication on the therapeutic action of intravesical BCG. Long-term outcomes for patients post graft repair for mycotic aneurysm are unknown and more research is required  regarding the susceptibility of vascular grafts to mycobacterial infection. Recognition of the risks associated with BCG-instillations, even in immunocompetent subjects, is paramount and must be considered even several months or years after receiving the therapy.

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[1260]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Experience with sunitinib in the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Ther Adv Urol. 2012 Oct;4(5):253-65.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1177_1756287212454933 [pii

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1177/1756287212454933

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Schmidinger M; Larkin J; Ravaud A

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Clinical Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Following approval of the oral, multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor sunitinib malate for the treatment of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC)  in Europe and the USA in 2006, the agent has had a substantial impact on the treatment landscape in this setting. Sunitinib is now recommended in international treatment guidelines for the first-line treatment of favourable- or intermediate-risk mRCC and as an alternative option in poor-risk mRCC. In the 6 years since the approval of sunitinib, the range of agents available for the treatment of mRCC has expanded substantially, and this, together with a number of additional therapies in late-stage development, has increased the treatment options available to patients. Results from a phase III trial and a global expanded access study have provided robust data to support the efficacy of sunitinib in mRCC, including in real-world populations. Data also suggest a significant quality of life benefit with sunitinib, with superior patient-reported outcomes observed with this agent compared with interferon-alpha therapy. Both clinical and real-world study data also support the safety profile  of sunitinib; most treatment-associated adverse events are mild to moderate in severity and can be managed effectively with close monitoring and proactive management. Clinical experience with sunitinib has demonstrated that therapy management, involving optimal dosing, maximum treatment duration and prompt and effective adverse event management, supports optimal patient outcomes with sunitinib. In this review we discuss clinical experience with sunitinib in mRCC,  with an emphasis on real-world data, and utilize clinical case studies to examine the successful implementation of therapy management strategies for optimal patient outcomes. An increasing body of evidence suggests that side effects associated with sunitinib therapy, including hypertension, hand-foot syndrome and hypothyroidism, may represent effective markers of treatment response, and these  will also be discussed.

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[1261]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Radical retropubic prostatectomy: comparison of the open and robotic approaches for treatment of prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Rev Urol. 2012;14(1-2):20-7.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Tosoian JJ; Loeb S

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions Baltimore, MD.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Radical prostatectomy represents the standard of care for surgical treatment of clinically localized prostate cancer. First described in 1904, the operation became widely performed only after advances in diagnostic and surgical techniques occurred later in the century. Over time, open retropubic radical prostatectomy (RRP) became the most common operation for prostate cancer, and excellent long-term survival outcomes have been reported. More recently, minimally invasive techniques such as the robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RALRP) were introduced. Despite a lack of prospectively collected, long-term data supporting its use, RALRP has overtaken RRP as the most frequently performed prostate cancer operation in the United States. This article uses currently available data to compare oncologic, functional, and quality-of-life outcomes associated with both the open and robotic approaches to radical prostatectomy.

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[1262]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Cystectomy and urinary diversion in the treatment of bladder cancer without artificial respiration.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Int Braz J Urol. 2012 Sep-Oct;38(5):645-51.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Friedrich-Freksa M; Schulz E; Nitzke T; Wenzel O; Popken G

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, HELIOS Klinikum GmbH Berlin, Berlin, Germany. ffreksa@gmx.de

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: To assess the feasibility and performance of radical cystectomy with urinary diversion using exclusively regional anesthesia (i.e. combined spinal thoracic epidural anesthesia, CSTEA). MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 2011 radical cystectomy with extended pelvic and iliac lymphadenectomy was performed on 14 patients using urinary diversion without applying general anesthesia. Under maintained spontaneous breathing, the patients were awake and responsive during the entire procedure. Postoperatively, pain management took three days with the remaining epidural catheter before oral analgesics were administered. Mobilization and diet restoration were carried out according to the fast-track concept. Outcome measurements included operative time, blood loss, beginning of oral nutrition, beginning of mobilization, postoperative pain levels using numerical and visual analog scales (NAS/VAS), length of hospital stay. RESULTS: All surgical procedures were performed without any complications. The absence of  general anesthesia did not result in any relevant disadvantages. The postoperative progress was normal in all patients. Particularly, cardiopulmonary  complications and enteroparesis did not occur. The provided palliative care proved sufficient (NAS max. 3-4). Discharge followed 10 to 22 days after surgery. At the time of discharge, the patients described the procedure to be relatively positive. CONCLUSIONS: Our data show that CSTEA is an effective technique for radical cystectomy, whereby spontaneous breathing and reduced interference with the cardiopulmonary system potentially lower the perioperative risks especially for high-risk patients. We recommend practice of CSTEA for radical cystectomy to  further evaluate and monitor the safety, efficacy, outcomes, and complications of CSTEA.

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[1263]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - High expression of CXCR4, CXCR7 and SDF-1 predicts poor survival in renal cell carcinoma.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - World J Surg Oncol. 2012 Oct 7;10:212. doi: 10.1186/1477-7819-10-212.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1186/1477-7819-10-212

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Wang L; Chen W; Gao L; Yang Q; Liu B; Wu Z; Wang Y; Sun Y

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - The Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Chemokines and their receptors are known to play important roles in the tumorigenesis of many malignancies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic impact of the expression of the chemokine SDF-1 and its receptors CXCR4 and CXCR7 in patients with renal cell carcinoma. METHODS: The expression of CXCR4, CXCR7 and SDF-1 in specimens from 97 renal cell carcinoma patients was evaluated by immunohistochemistry on a tissue microarray. These results were correlated with the clinicopathological parameters and survival of the patients.  RESULTS: CXCR4 and CXCR7 were expressed in all patients, whereas SDF-1 was expressed in 61 patients (62.9%). No association was observed between the expression of CXCR4, CXCR7 or SDF-1 and the clinical or pathological data except  between SDF-1 expression and Fuhrman’s grade (P = 0.015). Patients with high expression of CXCR4, CXCR7 and SDF-1 had shorter overall survival and recurrence-free survival than those with low expression. In a multivariate analysis, the high expression of CXCR4, CXCR7 and SDF-1 correlated with poor overall survival and recurrence-free survival independent of gender, age, AJCC stage, lymph node status, metastasis, histologic variant and Fuhrman’s grade. CONCLUSIONS: High levels of CXCR4, CXCR7 and SDF-1 were associated with poor overall survival and recurrence-free survival in renal cell carcinoma patients. CXCR4, CXCR7 and SDF-1 may serve as useful prognostic markers and therapeutic targets for renal cell carcinoma.

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[1264]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Well-defined degradable cationic polylactide as nanocarrier for the delivery of siRNA to silence angiogenesis in prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Adv Healthc Mater. 2012 Nov;1(6):751-61. doi: 10.1002/adhm.201200094. Epub 2012 Jul 26.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1002/adhm.201200094

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Chen CK; Law WC; Aalinkeel R; Nair B; Kopwitthaya A; Mahajan SD; Reynolds JL; Zou J; Schwartz SA; Prasad PN; Cheng C

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260-4200, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Well-defined tertiary amine-functionalized cationic polylactides (CPLAs) are synthesized by thiol-ene click functionalization of an allyl-functionalized polylactide, and utilized for the delivery of interleukin-8 (IL-8) siRNA via CPLA-IL-8 siRNA nanoplexes. The CPLAs possess remarkable hydrolytic degradability, and their cytotoxicity is relatively low. The CPLA-IL-8 siRNA nanoplexes can be readily taken up by prostate cancer cells, resulting in significant IL-8 gene silencing. It is found that the degradability and cytotoxicity of CPLAs, as well as the transfection efficiency of the CPLA-IL-8 siRNA nanoplexes, positively correlate with the amine mol% of CPLAs.

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[1265]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Clinical experience with limited lymph node dissection for prostate cancer in Korea: single center comparison of 247 open and 354 robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy series.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Korean J Urol. 2012 Nov;53(11):755-60. doi: 10.4111/kju.2012.53.11.755. Epub 2012 Nov 14.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 4111/kju.2012.53.11.755

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Choi D; Kim D; Kyung YS; Lim JH; Song SH; You D; Jeong IG; Kim CS

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: There are limited data on the role of limited pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) in patients with prostate cancer in Korea. The objective of this study was to demonstrate our clinical experience with limited PLND and the difference in its yield between open retropubic radical prostatectomy (RRP) and robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RALP) for prostate cancer patients in Korea. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 601 consecutive patients undergoing radical prostatectomy and bilateral limited PLND  by either RRP (n=247) or RALP (n=354) in Asan Medical Center. All patients were divided into three groups according to the D’Amico’s risk stratification method.  Clinicopathologic data, including the yield of lymph nodes, were thoroughly reviewed and compared among the three risk groups or between the RRP and RALP subjects. RESULTS: The mean patient age was 64.9 years and the mean preoperative  prostate-specific antigen was 9.8 ng/ml. The median number of removed lymph nodes per patient was 5 (range, 0 to 20). The numbers of patients of each risk group were 167, 199, and 238, and the numbers of patients with tumor-positive lymph nodes were 1 (0.6%), 4 (2.0%), and 17 (7.1%) in the low-, intermediate-, and high-risk groups, respectively. In the high-risk group, the lymph node-positive ratio was higher in RRP (14.9%) than in RALP subjects (2.4%). CONCLUSIONS: We speculate that limited PLND may help in prostate cancer staging in intermediate-  and high-risk prostate cancer groups. RRP is a more effective surgical modality for PLND than is RALP, especially in high-risk prostate cancer groups.

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[1266]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Potent 19-norvitamin D analogs for prostate and liver cancer therapy.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Future Med Chem. 2012 Oct;4(16):2049-65. doi: 10.4155/fmc.12.130.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 4155/fmc.12.130

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Kittaka A; Yoshida A; Chiang KC; Takano M; Sawada D; Sakaki T; Chen TC

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan. akittaka@pharm.teikyo-u.ac.jp

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - The active form of vitamin D(3), 1alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3) or calcitriol, is known to  inhibit the proliferation and invasiveness of many types of cancer cells, including prostate and liver cancer cells. These findings support the use of 1alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3) for prostate and liver cancer therapy. However, 1alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3) can cause hypercalcemia, thus, analogs of 1alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3) that are less calcemic but exhibit potent antiproliferative  activity would be attractive as therapeutic agents. We have developed 2alpha-functional group substituted 19-norvitamin D(3) analogs with and without 14-epimerization. Among them, 2alpha- and 2beta-(3-hydroxypropyl)-1alpha,25-dihydroxy-19-norvitamin D(3) (MART-10 and -11,  respectively) and 14-epi-2alpha- and 14-epi-2beta-(3-hydroxypropyl)-1alpha,25-dihydroxy-19-norvitamin D(3) (14-epi-MART-10 and 14-epi-MART-11, respectively) were found to be the most promising. In this review, we discuss the synthesis of this unique class of vitamin D analogs, the molecular mechanism of anticancer actions of vitamin D, and the biological evaluation of these analogs for potential application to the prevention and treatment of prostate and liver cancer.

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[1267]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Bladder cancer: androgen-dependent CD24 regulates bladder cancer progression-a new role for antiandrogen therapy?

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Nat Rev Urol. 2012 Dec;9(12):665. doi: 10.1038/nrurol.2012.190. Epub 2012 Oct 16.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1038/nrurol.2012.190

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Fenner A

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[1268]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Dual-imaging enabled cancer-targeting nanoparticles.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Adv Healthc Mater. 2012 Jul;1(4):450-6.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1002/adhm.201100055

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Wadajkar AS; Kadapure T; Zhang Y; Cui W; Nguyen KT; Yang J

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Arlington, 500 UTA Boulevard, Arlington, TX 76019, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - The development of dual-imaging enabled cancer-targeting nanoparticles (DICT-NPs) is reported based on newly developed biodegradable photoluminescent polymers and  superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. DICT-NPs possess capabilities of dual-imaging (magnetic resonance imaging and optical imaging), magnetic targeting, and potentially selective targeting for cancer cells. The development  of DICT-NPs address the concerns in dual-imaging nanoparticles where photobleaching organic dyes and cytotoxic quantum dots are usually adopted.

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[1269]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Do we use the right criteria for determining the clinical significance of incidental prostate cancer at radical cystoprostatectomy?

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Scand J Urol. 2012 Oct 18.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 3109/00365599.2012.723045

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Gakis G; Stenzl A; Renninger M

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Eberhard-Karls University , Tubingen , Germany.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Abstract Prostate-sparing techniques have been advocated to improved functional outcomes after radical cystoprostatectomy (RCP) for invasive bladder cancer, but  this may endanger the oncological outcome. This review addresses the current status of risk factors of prostate cancer (PCa) recurrence in patients with incidental PCa after RCP. The overall 7-year risk of PCa recurrence after RCP is  approximately 9%. Increased risk has been suggested in the presence of clinically significant PCa as: >/=pT3a stage, presence of lymph-node metastasis, positive surgical margins, Gleason pattern >/=4, tumour multifocality (three or more foci) and tumour volume >0.5 cm(3). However, the prognostic significance of these parameters has not been evaluated within multivariable analyses so far. Preoperatively elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) values correlate weakly with the clinical significance of incidental PCa, while prostate biopsy has a limited accuracy for detecting incidental PCa in the preoperative setting. Genetic markers, e.g. the prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA) gene, have recently been associated with risk of recurrence in patients with incidental PCa. Incidental PCa at RCP is usually clinically insignificant. Yet, clinicopathological parameters for clinical significant cancers have not been investigated independently in the literature so far. Consequently, lifelong PSA surveillance should be conducted in all patients with incidental PCa after RCP. In the presence of clinically significant PCa treatment decisions should be based not only on histological criteria but also on patient-centred parameters (e.g. patient age and comorbidities). Assessment of PSCA expression in RCP specimens may enable improved risk assessment for PCa recurrence after RCP.

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[1270]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Prostate cancer-from steroid transformations to clinical translation.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Nat Rev Urol. 2012 Dec;9(12):721-4. doi: 10.1038/nrurol.2012.175. Epub 2012 Oct 2.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1038/nrurol.2012.175

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Chang KH; Sharifi N

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University  of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - The survival benefit conferred by two hormonal agents in phase III trials has clinically validated the long suspected and now widely recognized phenomenon of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) hormone dependence. Abiraterone inhibits steroid 17alpha-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase (CYP17A1) and blocks androgen synthesis, whereas enzalutamide directly binds and antagonizes the androgen receptor. Both agents are highly effective against CRPC and significantly prolong survival following docetaxel treatment. However, this clinical validation of the  androgen pathway has led to questions regarding the fundamental mechanisms of CRPC, as well as resistance to abiraterone and enzalutamide. Our understanding of the predominant steroid transformation pathways that lead to dihydrotestosterone  synthesis in CRPC is evolving. The role of steroidogenesis in the development of  resistance to abiraterone and enzalutamide remains uncertain. The specific roles  of candidate enzyme targets in the development of resistance to these agents must be defined if we are to identify novel targets for improved pharmacologic therapies.

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[1271]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Clinical Management of Small-Cell Carcinoma of the Urinary Tract: A 10-Year Single-Center’s Experience.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Clin Genitourin Cancer. 2012 Nov 9. pii: S1558-7673(12)00211-X. doi: 10.1016/j.clgc.2012.09.011.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.clgc.2012.09.011

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Carranza OE; Castanon E; Abella LE; Zudaire ME; Castillo A; Arevalo E; Fusco JP; Zudaire JJ; Carias R; Cambeiro M; Martinez-Monge R; Gil-Bazo I

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Oncology, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, España.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Small-cell carcinoma (SCC) comprises 1% of primary bladder tumors and approximately 2% of prostate neoplasms. Metastatic disease at diagnosis is common, and survival outcomes are extremely poor. There is controversy about the  ideal clinical management of these patients. The neuron-specific enolase (NSE) serum levels have never been studied in patients with small-cell carcinoma of the urinary tract (SCCUT). PATIENTS AND METHODS: We report the clinical outcome of 12 consecutive SCCUT patients treated during the past 10 years. We also study the NSE levels at diagnosis and during treatment. RESULTS: Patients with limited disease (LD) experienced a non-significant longer progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) compared with extensive disease (ED) subjects. Patients with bladder SCC showed a significantly higher median PFS compared with prostate  SCCUT patients (22 vs. 6 months; P = .034), although that difference did not impact on a significant longer OS. NSE levels decreased during chemotherapy administration in all patients with ED and baseline high levels. CONCLUSIONS: Our patients showed a poor prognosis as described in previous studies. A better outcome for patients with bladder SCC compared with prostate SCC could be suggested. Serum NSE levels should be further evaluated to prove its potential use in early diagnosis and treatment monitoring during chemotherapy.

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[1272]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Malignant epithelioid angiomyolipoma of the kidney with pulmonary metastases and  p53 gene mutation.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - World J Surg Oncol. 2012 Oct 8;10:213. doi: 10.1186/1477-7819-10-213.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1186/1477-7819-10-213

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Li J; Zhu M; Wang YL

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China. lijunfee@yahoo.com.cn

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Angiomyolipoma (AML) is a rare tumor mainly arising in the kidney. Here we report the case of a 55-year-old woman with malignant epithelioid angiomyolipoma with p53 gene mutation. After 7 years from radical nephrectomy of the left kidney, the patient developed multiple lung metastases that showed morphologic features overlapping those of the previously lesion, which was misdiagnosed as renal cell  carcinoma. Both renal and pulmonary tumors were reevaluated by immunohistochemical assay, which were showed positive for HMB-45 and p53 protein  (95%), but negative for epithelial markers and S-100 protein. A correct diagnosis of malignant epithelioid angiomyolipoma was made on the basis of those results. Meanwhile exon 8 mutation of p53 gene was detected in the renal tumor by microdissection-PCR-SSCP and sequencing technique indicating that p53 gene mutation may play an important role in malignant transformation. The patient was  died of respiratory failure after 15 years’ follow-up. This is the second report  of renal malignant angiomyolipoma with p53 gene mutation.

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[1273]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Potential downstream target genes of aberrant ETS transcription factors are differentially affected in Ewing’s sarcoma and prostate carcinoma.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - PLoS One. 2012;7(11):e49819. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049819. Epub 2012 Nov 19.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1371/journal.pone.0049819

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Camoes MJ; Paulo P; Ribeiro FR; Barros-Silva JD; Almeida M; Costa VL; Cerveira N; Skotheim RI; Lothe RA; Henrique R; Jeronimo C; Teixeira MR

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute-Porto, Porto, Portugal.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - FLI1 and ERG, the major ETS transcription factors involved in rearrangements in the Ewing’s sarcoma family of tumors (ESFT) and in prostate carcinomas (PCa), respectively, belong to the same subfamily, having 98% sequence identity in the DNA binding domain. We therefore decided to investigate whether the aberrant transcription factors in both malignancies have some common downstream targets. We crossed a publicly available list of all putative EWSR1-FLI1 target genes in ESFT with our microarray expression data on 24 PCa and 6 non-malignant prostate tissues (NPT) and choose four genes among the top-most differentially expressed between PCa with (PCa ERG+) and without (PCa ETS-) ETS fusion genes (HIST1H4L, KCNN2, ECRG4 and LDOC1), as well as four well-validated direct targets of the EWSR1-FLI1 chimeric protein in ESFT (NR0B1, CAV1, IGFBP3 and TGFBR2). Using quantitative expression analysis in 16 ESFT and seven alveolar rhabdomyosarcomas  (ARMS), we were able to validate the four genes previously described as direct targets of the EWSR1-FLI1 oncoprotein, showing overexpression of CAV1 and NR0B1 and underexpression of IGFBP3 and TGFBR2 in ESFT as compared to ARMS. Although none of these four genes showed significant expression differences between PCa ERG+ and PCa ETS-, CAV1, IGFBP3 and TGFBR2 were less expressed in PCa in an independent series of 56 PCa and 15 NPT, as also observed for ECRG4 and LDOC1, suggesting a role in prostate carcinogenesis in general. On the other hand, we demonstrate for the first time that both HIST1H4L and KCNN2 are significantly overexpressed in PCa ERG+ and that ERG binds to the promoter of these genes. Conversely, KCNN2 was found underexpressed in ESFT relative to ARMS, suggesting that the EWSR1-ETS oncoprotein may have the opposite effect of ERG rearrangements in PCa. We conclude that aberrant ETS transcription factors modulate target genes differently in ESFT and PCa.

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[1274]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - 11C]Choline-PET/CT for outcome prediction of salvage radiotherapy of local relapsing prostate carcinoma.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Q J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2012 Oct;56(5):430-9.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Reske SN; Moritz S; Kull T

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Clinic, Ulm, Germany. sven.reske@uniklinik-ulm.de

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - AIM: [11C]Choline-positron emission tomography in combination with computer tomography ([11C]Choline-PET/CT) is a promising imaging approach for localizing relapsing prostate cancer. We therefore studied performance of [11C]Choline-PET/CT in patients relapsing from prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy (RP) and scheduled for salvage radiation therapy (SRT) in terms of  relapse localization and relationship to outcome after SRT. METHODS: In a prospective pilot study we examined 27 patients with [11C]Coline-PET/CT before SRT. All patients had biochemical relapse after RP and were treated with SRT. [11C]Choline-PET/CT was done within 14 days before SRT. RESULTS: Eleven of 27 patients had at follow up of 76.5+/-5.7 months a favorable long-term response to  SRT and needed no specific further prostate cancer related treatment. In 16/27 patients, rising serum PSA concentrations were observed 34.2+/-20.1 months after  SRT, qualifying them as treatment failures. Tumor stage, risk profile and PSA before SRT were not different in long term responders and failures. [11C]Choline-PET/CT showed local relapse in about 50% of both long-term responders failures, locoregional nodal relapse in 4/16 failures and a singular bone metastasis in 1/16 failures. CONCLUSION: [11C]Choline-PET/CT showed in roughly 50% of patients evidence of local relapse within the prostatic fossa. Roughly 30% of treatment failures had evidence of locoregional nodal or distant metastatic disease outside the radiation ports possibly related to treatment failures after SRT. Kaplan-Meier analysis suggested that [11C]Choline-PET/CT positive patients do worse at follow-up in terms of freedom from biochemical recurrence.

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[1275]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Increased expression of the very low-density lipoprotein receptor mediates lipid  accumulation in clear-cell renal cell carcinoma.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - PLoS One. 2012;7(11):e48694. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048694. Epub 2012 Nov 19.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1371/journal.pone.0048694

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Sundelin JP; Stahlman M; Lundqvist A; Levin M; Parini P; Johansson ME; Boren J

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Wallenberg Laboratory, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden. jeanna.perman@wlab.gu.se

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is, in most cases, caused by loss of function of the tumor suppressor gene von Hippel-Lindau, resulting in constitutive activation of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1alpha and expression of hypoxia-induced genes in normoxic conditions. Clear-cell RCC cells are characterized histologically by accumulation of cholesterol, mainly in its ester  form. The origin of the increased cholesterol remains unclear, but it is likely explained by an HIF-1alpha-driven imbalance between cholesterol uptake and excretion. Here, we showed that expression of the very low-density lipoprotein receptor (VLDL-R) was significantly increased in clear-cell RCC human biopsies compared with normal kidney tissue. Partial knockdown of HIF-1alpha in clear-cell RCC cells significantly reduced the VLDL-R expression, and knockdown of either HIF-1alpha or VLDL-R reduced the increased lipid accumulation observed in these cells. We also showed increased uptake of fluorescently labeled lipoproteins in clear-cell RCC cells, which was significantly reduced by knockdown of HIF-1alpha  or VLDL-R. Taken together, our results support the concept that the pathological  increase of HIF-1alpha in clear-cell RCC cells upregulates VLDL-R, which mediates increased uptake and accumulation of lipids. These results explain the morphological characteristics of clear-cell RCC, and open up novel possibilities  for detection and treatment of clear-cell RCC.

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[1276]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Purposeful interaction: ways Latino men communicate about prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Oncol Nurs Forum. 2012 Nov;39(6):603-8. doi: 10.1188/12.ONF.603-608.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1188/12.ONF.603-608

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Maliski SL; Connor SE; Litwin MS

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. smaliski@sonnet.ucla.edu

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To develop a descriptive framework of the communication processes used by Latinos with prostate cancer to communicate about their diagnosis. RESEARCH APPROACH: A constructivist grounded theory approach was used  to analyze and build a descriptive framework from semistructured interviews. SETTING: A university-affiliated urban hospital in southern California. PARTICIPANTS: 30 Latinos treated for prostate cancer, who had at least one first-degree male relative (FDMR), and who lived near the medical center. METHODOLOGIC APPROACH: Semistructured interviews with bilingual Latinos were conducted in participants’ homes in the language they preferred. Individual and collaborative analyses of translated transcripts were guided by constructivist grounded theory. FINDINGS: Analysis uncovered an overarching process of purposeful interacting. Components of the process included occasionally overlapping spheres of communication, which were connected to purposes and content. Balanced in and influenced by the spheres were cross-cutting processes of respectful silence and selective disclosure. CONCLUSIONS: Men communicated different content about their prostate cancer to people representing different reference groups. Respectful silence and selective disclosure could be viewed as  men’s enactment of social interaction-using and choosing words based on the symbolic meaning the men perceived would have their intended meaning for the people in each of the spheres. INTERPRETATION: Culturally sensitive educational interventions should be targeted at Latinos with prostate cancer to understand risk and encourage disclosure to FDMRs.

 

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[1277]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Cycloartane-3,24,25-triol inhibits MRCKalpha kinase and demonstrates promising anti prostate cancer activity in vitro.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Cancer Cell Int. 2012 Nov 14;12(1):46. doi: 10.1186/1475-2867-12-46.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1186/1475-2867-12-46

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Lowe HI; Watson CT; Badal S; Toyang NJ; Bryant J

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Bio-Tech R & D Institute, Kingston, Jamaica. simone.badal@uwimona.edu.jm.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Given the high occurrence of prostate cancer worldwide and one of the major sources of the discovery of new lead molecules being medicinal plants, this research undertook to investigate the possible anti-cancer activity of two natural cycloartanes; cycloartane-3,24,25-diol (extracted in our lab from Tillandsia recurvata) and cycloartane-3,24,25-triol (purchased). The inhibition of MRCKalpha kinase has emerged as a potential solution to restoring the tight regulation of normal cellular growth, the loss of which leads to cancer cell formation. METHODS: Kinase inhibition was investigated using competition binding  (to the ATP sites) assays which have been previously established and authenticated and cell proliferation was measured using the WST-1 assay. RESULTS: Cycloartane-3,24,25-triol demonstrated strong selectivity towards the MRCKalpha kinase with a Kd50 of 0.26 muM from a total of 451 kinases investigated. Cycloartane-3,24,25-triol reduced the viability of PC-3 and DU145 cell lines with IC50 values of 2.226 +/- 0.28 muM and 1.67 +/- 0.18 muM respectively. CONCLUSIONS: These results will prove useful in drug discovery as Cycloartane-3,24,25-triol has shown potential for development as an anti-cancer agent against prostate cancer.

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[1278]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Reconciling primary care and specialist perspectives on prostate cancer screening.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Ann Fam Med. 2012 Nov-Dec;10(6):568-71. doi: 10.1370/afm.1399.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1370/afm.1399

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Hoffman RM; Barry MJ; Roberts RG; Sox HC

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Medicine Service, Albuquerque VA Medical Center, Departments of Medicine and Family and Community Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA. rhoffman@unm.edu

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - When specialists propose screening guidelines for primary care clinicians to implement, differences in perspectives between the 2 groups can create conflicts. Two recent specialty organization guidelines illustrate this issue. The American  Urological Association guideline panel and National Comprehensive Cancer Network  recommend that average-risk men first be counseled about the risks and benefits of prostate-specific antigen screening for prostate cancer at age 40 rather than  at the previously recommended age of 50 years. There is no direct evidence, however, that this recommendation has any impact on prostate cancer-specific mortality. To avoid distracting primary care clinicians from providing services with proven benefit and value for patients, professional organizations should follow appropriate standards for developing guidelines. Primary care societies and health care systems should also be encouraged to evaluate the evidence and decide whether implementing the recommendations are feasible and appropriate.

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[1279]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Symptomatic lymphocoeles post renal transplant.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl. 2012 Nov;23(6):1162-8. doi: 10.4103/1319-2442.103554.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 4103/1319-2442.103554

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Choudhrie AV; Kumar S; Gnanaraj L; Devasia A; Chacko N; Kekre NS

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome of various treatment modalities of symptomatic lymphoceles and suggest an optimal management protocol. Case records of 744 renal transplant recipients who underwent surgery between January  2000 and December 2007 were retrospectively reviewed. There were a total of 36 (4.38%) lymphoceles detected in the postoperative period, of which 14 (1.88%) were symptomatic. A total of 32 procedures for the treatment of lymphocele were performed in 14 of these patients. Aspiration or percutaneous catheter drainage was performed as a primary procedure in all cases. Open marsupialization and laparoscopic marsupialization procedures were performed as secondary treatments.  Percutaneous nephrostomy was required in one case before definitive treatment. Primary aspiration was successful in (n = 2) 28.5% and percutaneous drainage in (n = 3) 42.8%. Sclerotherapy was definitive in (n = 2 of 3) 66.6%. Seven of 14 patients required secondary procedure. Laparoscopic marsupialization was successful in (n = 4 of 5) 80% and open technique (n = 3) was curative in all cases. In our opinion, the first step in the management of symptomatic lymphocele in post-renal transplant recipients should be percutaneous drainage with or without drug instillation. This can stabilize renal function and optimize patients who may require surgery. Surgical marsupialization offers superior definitive treatment of lymphoceles with the least recurrence rates.

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[1280]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Buried penis: An unrecognized risk factor in the development of invasive penile cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Can Urol Assoc J. 2012 Oct;6(5):E199-202. doi: 10.5489/cuaj.11226.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 5489/cuaj.11226

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Abdulla A; Daya D; Pinthus J; Davies T

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - McMaster Institute of Urology, Division of Urology, Department of Surgery McMaster University, Hamilton, ON.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - One of the documented benefits of neonatal circumcision is protection against invasive penile cancer. To date there have been a handful of published cases of invasive penile cancer in men circumcised as neonates. We report a case of a 73-year-old man, with a history of neonatal circumcision with no evidence of previous human papillomavirus exposure, who developed a buried penis secondary to obesity. He was diagnosed with Grade 2, pT3N0 squamous cell carcinoma of the penis. This report suggests that buried penis may pose a risk factor for the development of penile cancer despite the protective effects of neonatal circumcision. Thus periodic examination of a buried penis is warranted even in patients with no risk factors for penile cancer. A review of the literature is provided.

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[1281]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Circulating thyroxine, thyroid-stimulating hormone, and hypothyroid status and the risk of prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - PLoS One. 2012;7(10):e47730. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047730. Epub 2012 Oct 30.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1371/journal.pone.0047730

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Mondul AM; Weinstein SJ; Bosworth T; Remaley AT; Virtamo J; Albanes D

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Nutritional Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America. mondulam@mail.nih.gov

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Thyroid hormones may influence risk of cancer through their role in cell differentiation, growth, and metabolism. One study of circulating thyroid hormones supports this hypothesis with respect to prostate cancer. We undertook a prospective analysis of thyroid hormones and prostate cancer risk in the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention (ATBC) Study. METHODS: Within the ATBC Study, a randomized controlled trial of alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene supplements and cancer incidence in male smokers, 402 prostate cancer cases were sampled. Controls were matched 2:1 to cases on age and date of  blood collection. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of prostate  cancer were estimated for quintiles of serum total and free thyroxine (T4), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroid-binding globulin (TBG), and by categories of thyroid status. RESULTS: Men with serum higher TSH had a decreased  risk of prostate cancer compared to men with lower TSH (Q5 vs. Q1-4: OR = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.51-0.97, p = 0.03). When the T4 and TSH measurements were combined to define men as hypothyroid, euthyroid or hyperthyroid, hypothyroid men had a lower risk of prostate cancer compared to euthyroid men (OR = 0.48, 95% CI = 0.28-0.81, p = 0.006). We observed no association between hyperthyroid status and risk, although the number of hyperthyroid men with prostate cancer was small (n = 9). CONCLUSIONS: In this prospective study of smokers, men with elevated TSH and those classified as being in a hypothyroid state were at decreased risk of prostate cancer. Future studies should examine the association in other populations, particularly non-smokers and other racial/ethnic groups.

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[1282]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Determination of aminoglycoside residues in kidney and honey samples by hydrophilic interaction chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Sep Sci. 2012 Oct;35(20):2710-7. doi: 10.1002/jssc.201200344.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1002/jssc.201200344

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Kumar P; Rubies A; Companyo R; Centrich F

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Departament de Quimica Analitica, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, España.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Two methods based on liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry were developed for the determination of ten aminoglycosides (streptomycin, dihydrostreptomycin, spectinomycin, apramycin, paromomycin, kanamycin A, gentamycin C1, gentamycin C2/C2a, gentamycin C1a, and neomycin B) in kidney samples from food-producing animals and in honey samples. The methods involved extraction with an aqueous solution (for the kidney samples) or sample dissolution in water (for the honey samples), solid-phase extraction with a weak  cation exchange cartridge and injection of the eluate into a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry system. A zwitterionic hydrophilic interaction chromatography column was used for separation of aminoglycosides and  a triple quadrupole mass analyzer was used for detection. The methods were validated according to Decision 2002/657/EC. The limits of quantitation ranged from 2 to 125 mug/kg in honey and 25 to 264 mug/kg in the kidney samples. Interday precision (RSD%) ranged from 6 to 26% in honey and 2 to 21% in kidney. Trueness, expressed as the percentage of error, ranged from 7 to 20% in honey and 1 to 11% in kidney.

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[1283]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Is the SIOP-2001 Classification of Renal Tumors of Childhood accurate with regard to prognosis? A problem revisited.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Arch Med Sci. 2012 Sep 8;8(4):684-9. doi: 10.5114/aoms.2012.30292.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 5114/aoms.2012.30292

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Niedzielski J; Taran K; Mlynarski W; Sitkiewicz A

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Pediatric Surgery and Urology, University Children’s Hospital No. 4, Medical University of Lodz, Poland.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - INTRODUCTION: The goal of this study was to analyze morbidity and mortality of Wilms’ tumor based on the revised SIOP-2001 classification. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sixty-four patients with unilateral Wilms’ tumor, 33 girls (51.5%) and 31 boys (48.5%), aged 1 to 144 months (mean: 42.8 months) were treated between 1993 and 2009. All patients underwent multimodal therapy according to the SIOP protocols.  The follow-up period ranged from 2 to 18 years (mean: 11.6 years). RESULTS: Thirty-three patients (51.6%) had intermediate-risk, 6 (9.4%) low-risk and 25 (39%) high-risk tumors. Stage I disease was diagnosed in 28 (43.7%), stage II in  19 (29.7%), stage III in 8 (12.5%) and stage IV in 9 patients (14.1%). Event-free survival (EFS) in the entire group was 78.1% and OS was 92.2%. The EFS in stage IV (44.4%) was significantly lower than in stage I (82.1%, p = 0.04), stage II (89.5%, p = 0.02) and in the entire group (78.1%, p = 0.04). Sixteen complications were observed in 14 children (21.9%); metastases in 7 cases (10.9%), 8 relapses (12.5%) and 5 deaths (7.8%). Blastemal (20/24 - 83.3%) and anaplastic (3/24 - 12.5%) subtypes were responsible for mortality in high-risk tumors (OS - 87.5%), while poorly differentiated epithelial (7/34 - 20.6%) and regressive (8/34 - 23.5%) subtypes decreased OS (94.1%) in the intermediate-risk  tumors. CONCLUSIONS: The results of our study show that epithelial and regressive subtypes were responsible for mortality in the intermediate-risk Wilms’ tumors.

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[1284]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Genetic ablation of the tetraspanin CD151 reduces spontaneous metastatic spread of prostate cancer in the TRAMP model.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Mol Cancer Res. 2013 Jan;11(1):95-105. doi: 10.1158/1541-7786.MCR-12-0468. Epub 2012 Nov 6.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1158/1541-7786.MCR-12-0468

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Copeland BT; Bowman MJ; Ashman LK

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Room 3-04, Life Sciences Building, Callaghan Campus, University Drive, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia 2308. Ben.Copeland@newcastle.edu.au

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Tetraspanins are integral membrane proteins that associate with motility-related  molecules such as integrins. Experimental studies have indicated that they may be important regulators of tumor invasion and metastasis, and high expression of the tetraspanin CD151 has been linked to poor prognosis in a number of cancers. Here, we show for the first time that genetic ablation of CD151 inhibits spontaneous metastasis in a transgenic mouse model of de novo tumorigenesis. To evaluate the  effects of CD151 on de novo prostate cancer initiation and metastasis, a Cd151(-/-) (KO) murine model was crossed with the Transgenic Adenocarcinoma of Mouse Prostate (TRAMP) model. Mice were analyzed for initiation of prostate tumor by palpation and primary tumors were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Liver and  lungs were examined for incidence and size of spontaneous metastatic lesions by histopathology. Knocking-out Cd151 had no significant effect on prostate cancer initiation or on expression of markers of proliferation, apoptosis, or angiogenesis in primary tumors. However, it did significantly decrease metastasis in a site-specific fashion, notably to the lungs but not the liver. Thus, CD151 acts principally as promoter of metastasis in this model. Prostate cancer is the  second highest cause of cancer-related deaths in men in most Western countries, with the majority of deaths attributed to late-stage metastatic disease. CD151 may prove to be a valuable prognostic marker for treatment stratification and is  a possible antimetastatic target.

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[1285]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Finding yourself on the open road.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Clin J Oncol Nurs. 2012 Oct;16(5):537-8.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1188/12.CJON.537-538

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Horan K

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - West Coast field operations for Masco Cabinetry, Oscala, FL, USA. joat@bellsouth.net

 

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[1286]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Promoter methylation of candidate genes associated with familial testicular cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Int J Mol Epidemiol Genet. 2012;3(3):213-27. Epub 2012 Aug 31.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Mirabello L; Kratz CP; Savage SA; Greene MH

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National  Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Recent genomic studies have identified risk SNPs in or near eight genes associated with testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT). Mouse models suggest a role for Dnd1 epigenetics in TGCT susceptibility, and we have recently reported that transgenerational inheritance of epigenetic events may be associated with familial TGCT risk. We now investigate whether aberrant promoter methylation of selected candidate genes is associated with familial TGCT risk. Pyrosequencing assays were designed to evaluate CpG methylation in the promoters of selected genes in peripheral blood DNA from 153 TGCT affecteds and 116 healthy male relatives from 101 multiple-case families. Wilcoxon rank-sum tests and logistic regression models were used to investigate associations between promoter methylation and TGCT. We also quantified gene product expression of these genes,  using quantitative PCR. We observed increased PDE11A, SPRY4 and BAK1 promoter methylation, and decreased KITLG promoter methylation, in familial TGCT cases versus healthy male family controls. A significant upward risk trend was observed for PDE11A when comparing the middle and highest tertiles of methylation to the lowest [odds ratio (OR) =1.55, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 0.82-2.93, and 1.94, 95% CI 1.03-3.66], respectively; P(trend)=0.042). A significant inverse association was observed for KITLG when comparing the middle and lowest tertiles  to the highest (OR=2.15, 95% CI 1.12-4.11, and 2.15, 95% CI 1.12-4.14, respectively; P(trend)=0.031). There was a weak inverse correlation between promoter methylation and KITLG expression. Our results suggest that familial TGCT susceptibility may be associated with promoter methylation of previously-identified TGCT risk-modifying genes. Larger studies are warranted.

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[1287]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - A multi-analyte assay for the non-invasive detection of bladder cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - PLoS One. 2012;7(10):e47469. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047469. Epub 2012 Oct 19.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1371/journal.pone.0047469

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Goodison S; Chang M; Dai Y; Urquidi V; Rosser CJ

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Cancer Research Institute, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center Orlando, Orlando, Florida, United States of America.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Accurate urinary assays for bladder cancer (BCa) detection would benefit both patients and healthcare systems. Through genomic and proteomic profiling of urine components, we have previously identified a panel of biomarkers that can outperform current urine-based biomarkers for the non-invasive detection of BCa.  Herein, we report the diagnostic utility of various multivariate combinations of  these biomarkers. We performed a case-controlled validation study in which voided urines from 127 patients (64 tumor bearing subjects) were analyzed. The urinary concentrations of 14 biomarkers (IL-8, MMP-9, MMP-10, SDC1, CCL18, PAI-1, CD44, VEGF, ANG, CA9, A1AT, OPN, PTX3, and APOE) were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Diagnostic performance of each biomarker and multivariate models were compared using receiver operating characteristic curves  and the chi-square test. An 8-biomarker model achieved the most accurate BCa diagnosis (sensitivity 92%, specificity 97%), but a combination of 3 of the 8 biomarkers (IL-8, VEGF, and APOE) was also highly accurate (sensitivity 90%, specificity 97%). For comparison, the commercial BTA-Trak ELISA test achieved a sensitivity of 79% and a specificity of 83%, and voided urine cytology detected only 33% of BCa cases in the same cohort. These data show that a multivariate urine-based assay can markedly improve the accuracy of non-invasive BCa detection. Further validation studies are under way to investigate the clinical utility of this panel of biomarkers for BCa diagnosis and disease monitoring.

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[1288]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - p53 expression controls prostate cancer sensitivity to chemotherapy and the MDM2  inhibitor Nutlin-3.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Cell Cycle. 2012 Dec 15;11(24):4579-88. doi: 10.4161/cc.22852. Epub 2012 Nov 27.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 4161/cc.22852

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Chappell WH; Lehmann BD; Terrian DM; Abrams SL; Steelman LS; McCubrey JA

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina  University, Greenville, NC USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Prostate cancer is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer in men, and approximately one-third of those diagnosed succumb to the disease. The development of prostate cancer from small regions of hyperplasia to invasive tumors requires genetic and epigenetic alterations of critical cellular components to aid in the development of cells more adapted for aberrant growth. The p53 transcription factor is a critical element in the cell’s ability to regulate the cell cycle and its response to DNA damage. Mutations within the DNA-binding domain of p53 are common and allow the formation of tetramers; however, these alterations prevent this protein complex from associating with target gene promoters. In the present study, we examined the effects of p53 functionality in prostate cancer cells that harbored wild-type (WT) or mutant forms of the protein in response to commonly used chemotherapeutic drugs. The androgen receptor positive 22Rv-1 and LNCaP prostate cancer cell lines carry WT p53 and were demonstrated to have a decrease in chemotherapeutic drug sensitivity when transfected with a dominant-negative (DN) p53. Conversely, expression of the WT p53 in the p53-mutated and more advanced DU145 prostate cancer cell line significantly increased its overall sensitivity to anti-neoplastic drugs. Furthermore, analysis of colony formation in soft agar revealed that the functional status of p53 in each cell line altered the cell’s ability to proliferate in an anchorage-independent fashion. Prostate cancer colony growth was more prevalent when p53 transcriptional activity was decreased, whereas growth was more limited in the presence of functional p53. These results demonstrate that the functional status of the tumor suppressor p53 is important in the progression of prostate cancer and dictates the overall effectiveness a given drug would have on disease treatment.

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[1289]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Hyaluronan (HA) interacting proteins RHAMM and hyaluronidase impact prostate cancer cell behavior and invadopodia formation in 3D HA-based hydrogels.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - PLoS One. 2012;7(11):e50075. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050075. Epub 2012 Nov 16.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1371/journal.pone.0050075

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Gurski LA; Xu X; Labrada LN; Nguyen NT; Xiao L; van Golen KL; Jia X; Farach-Carson MC

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, United States of America.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - To study the individual functions of hyaluronan interacting proteins in prostate  cancer (PCa) motility through connective tissues, we developed a novel three-dimensional (3D) hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel assay that provides a flexible, quantifiable, and physiologically relevant alternative to current methods. Invasion in this system reflects the prevalence of HA in connective tissues and its role in the promotion of cancer cell motility and tissue invasion, making the system ideal to study invasion through bone marrow or other  HA-rich connective tissues. The bio-compatible cross-linking process we used allows for direct encapsulation of cancer cells within the gel where they adopt a distinct, cluster-like morphology. Metastatic PCa cells in these hydrogels develop fingerlike structures, “invadopodia”, consistent with their invasive properties. The number of invadopodia, as well as cluster size, shape, and convergence, can provide a quantifiable measure of invasive potential. Among candidate hyaluronan interacting proteins that could be responsible for the behavior we observed, we found that culture in the HA hydrogel triggers invasive  PCa cells to differentially express and localize receptor for hyaluronan mediated motility (RHAMM)/CD168 which, in the absence of CD44, appears to contribute to PCa motility and invasion by interacting with the HA hydrogel components. PCa cell invasion through the HA hydrogel also was found to depend on the activity of hyaluronidases. Studies shown here reveal that while hyaluronidase activity is necessary for invadopodia and inter-connecting cluster formation, activity alone  is not sufficient for acquisition of invasiveness to occur. We therefore suggest  that development of invasive behavior in 3D HA-based systems requires development of additional cellular features, such as activation of motility associated pathways that regulate formation of invadopodia. Thus, we report development of a 3D system amenable to dissection of biological processes associated with cancer cell motility through HA-rich connective tissues.

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[1290]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Prognostic impact of apoptosis marker Fas (CD95) and its ligand (FasL) on bladder cancer in Egypt: study of the effect of schistosomiasis.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Ecancermedicalscience. 2012;6:278. doi: 10.3332/ecancer.2012.278. Epub 2012 Nov 6.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 3332/ecancer.2012.278

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Elmansy H; Kotb A; Hammam O; Abdelraouf H; Salem H; Onsi M; Elleithy T

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Division of Urology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - OBJECTIVE: The Fas-Fas ligand (FasL) system has been recognized as a major pathway for the induction of apoptosis in cells and tissues. Fas-mediated apoptosis is deeply involved in cancer cell death brought about by the immune system. This study was performed to determine the Fas and FasL expression in human bladder cancer and the impact of schistosomiasis infection. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Of the 75 patients, 25 with chronic bilharzial cystitis and 50 with bladder cancer were included in this study. Ten control patients were included in the study, following their consent. Fas and FasL expressions in bladder tissue were determined by indirect immunohistochemistry using avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex (ABC) method. RESULTS: The association of bilharziasis with malignancy raised the incidence of Fas positive immunoreactivity to 100%. The number of malignant cases positive for Fas decreased with progress of tumour grade and stage. All control cases were negative for FasL expression. The percentage of positive FasL malignant cases increased with increasing tumour grade or stage. CONCLUSION: Malignant bladder lesions express high levels of Fas and decreased expression of Fas is associated with disease progression. Urinary bladder carcinoma acquires the functional FasL during tumour progression that may induce  apoptosis of anti tumour T lymphocytes. Fas and FasL are recommended to be considered important tumour markers to define aggressive bladder cancer and may be included in defining the surveillance protocol for superficial bladder cancer.

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[1291]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - The Johns Hopkins Hospital template for urologic cytology samples: parts II and III: improving the predictability of indeterminate results in urinary cytologic samples: an outcomes and cytomorphologic study.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Cancer Cytopathol. 2013 Jan;121(1):21-8. doi: 10.1002/cncy.21254. Epub 2012 Nov 28.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1002/cncy.21254

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - VandenBussche CJ; Sathiyamoorthy S; Owens CL; Burroughs FH; Rosenthal DL; Guan H

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Urine cytology represents a major portion of testing volume in many cytopathology laboratories. METHODS: The authors previously reported a template designed to standardize urothelial diagnostic categories to enable clinicians to  uniformly manage their patients. In this study, they examined the common cytomorphologic features observed in specimens diagnosed with atypical urothelial cells, cannot exclude high-grade urothelial carcinoma (AUC-H), which prove most predictive of high-grade urothelial carcinoma (HGUC). RESULTS: The most common morphologic features observed in the AUC-H specimens were hyperchromasia, irregular nuclear borders, increased nucleus-to-cytoplasm ratio, and anisonucleosis. Of the 58 patients who had specimens diagnosed with AUC-H, 95% ultimately were diagnosed with HGUC on follow-up biopsy over the study period. The small number of patients who had AUC-H with non-HGUC follow-up did not allow  for a statistical comparison to determine the predictive ability of the selected  criteria for HGUC. Next, the authors used the same features to examine a subset of urine samples that were diagnosed with atypical urothelial cells of unknown significance (AUC-US) in an attempt to improve the predictive value of this clinically frustrating category. A blind review was performed of 290 urine specimens from 217 patients. In contrast to the AUC-H specimen cohort, the majority of specimens with AUC-US did not contain atypical cells with the 4 common morphologic features. All 4 features significantly predicted HGUC in surveillance patients, but not in patients with hematuria. CONCLUSIONS: Hyperchromasia was the strongest predictor of HGUC by far in patients who were undergoing surveillance (odds ratio, 9.81). Hyperchromasia remained statistically significant in multivariate analysis, indicating its predictive strength even in  the absence of other features.

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[1292]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Gamma-ray irradiation promotes premature meiosis of spontaneously differentiating testis-ova in the testis of p53-deficient medaka (Oryzias latipes).

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Cell Death Dis. 2012 Oct 4;3:e395. doi: 10.1038/cddis.2012.133.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1038/cddis.2012.133

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Yasuda T; Oda S; Li Z; Kimori Y; Kamei Y; Ishikawa T; Todo T; Mitani H

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bioscience Bldg. 102, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, Japan.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - In this study, the roles of p53 in impaired spermatogenic male germ cells of p53-deficient medaka were investigated by analyzing histological changes, and gene expressions of 42Sp50, Oct 4 and vitellogenin (VTG2) by RT-PCR or in situ hybridization in the testes. We found that a small number of oocyte-like cells (testis-ova) differentiated spontaneously in the cysts of type A and early type B spermatogonia in the p53-deficient testes, in contrast to the wild-type (wt) testes in which testis-ova were never found. Furthermore, ionizing radiation (IR) irradiation increased the number of testis-ova in p53-deficient testes, increased testis-ova size and proceeded up to the zygotene or pachytene stages of premature meiosis within 14 days after irradiation. However, 28 days after irradiation, almost all the testis-ova were eliminated presumably by p53-independent apoptosis, and spermatogenesis was restored completely. In the wt testis, IR never induced testis-ova differentiation. This is the first study to demonstrate  the pivotal role of the p53 gene in the elimination of spontaneous testis-ova in  testes, and that p53 is not indispensable for the restoration of spermatogenesis  in the impaired testes in which cell cycle regulation is disturbed by IR irradiation.

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[1293]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Outcomes and trends of prostate biopsy for prostate cancer in Chinese men from 2003 to 2011.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - PLoS One. 2012;7(11):e49914. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049914. Epub 2012 Nov 26.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1371/journal.pone.0049914

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Na R; Jiang H; Kim ST; Wu Y; Tong S; Zhang L; Xu J; Sun Y; Ding Q

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening is growing in popularity in China, but its impact on biopsy characteristics and outcomes are poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to characterize prostate biopsy outcomes and trends in Chinese men over a 10-year period, since the increasing use of PSA  tests. METHODS: All men (n = 1,650) who underwent prostate biopsy for PCa at Huashan Hospital, Shanghai, China from 2003-2011 were evaluated. Demographic and  clinical information was collected for each patient, including age, digital rectal examination (DRE), transrectal ultrasound (prostate volume and nodule), total prostate-specific antigen (tPSA) levels and free PSA ratio (fPSA/tPSA) prior to biopsy. Prostate biopsy was performed using six cores before October 2007 or ten cores thereafter. Logistic regression and multivariate analysis were  used to evaluate our data. RESULTS: The overall positive rate of prostate biopsy  for PCa was 47% and the rate decreased significantly over the years from 74% in 2003 to 33% in 2011 (P-trend = 0.004). Age at diagnosis was slightly increased (P-trend = 0.04) while fPSA/tPSA was significantly decreased (P-trend = 1.11x10-5). A statistically significant trend was not observed for tPSA levels, prostate volume, or proportion of positive nodule. The model including multiple demographic and clinical variables (i.e., age, DRE, tPSA, fPSA/tPSA and transrectal ultrasound results) (AUC = 0.93) statistically outperformed models that included only PSA (AUC = 0.85) or fPSA/tPSA (AUC = 0.66) to predict PCa risks (P<0.05). Similar results were observed in a subgroup of men whose tPSA levels were lower than 20 ng/mL (AUC = 0.87, vs. AUC of tPSA = 0.62, P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Detection rates of PCa and high-grade PCa among men that underwent prostate biopsy at the institution has decreased significantly in the past 10 years, likely due to increasing use of PSA tests. Predictive performance of demographic and clinical variables of PCa was excellent. These variables should be used in clinics to determine the need for prostate biopsy.

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[1294]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Alterations of the WNT7A gene in clear cell renal cell carcinomas.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - PLoS One. 2012;7(10):e47012. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047012. Epub 2012 Oct 8.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1371/journal.pone.0047012

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Kondratov AG; Kvasha SM; Stoliar LA; Romanenko AM; Zgonnyk YM; Gordiyuk VV; Kashuba EV; Rynditch AV; Zabarovsky ER; Kashuba VI

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Molecular Oncogenetics, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, National Academy of Science, Kyiv, Ukraine. o.g.kondratov@imbg.org.ua

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - WNT7A (wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 7A) is a known tumor suppressor gene of non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLC) and is frequently inactivated due to CpG-island hypermethylation in human cancers. The members of WNT family are involved in cell signaling and play crucial roles in cancer development. In the present work hypermethylation of the WNT7A gene was detected  in 66% (29/44) of analyzed clear cell renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) using methyl-specific PCR (MSP). Moreover, bisulfite sequencing confirmed intensive hypermethylation of the 5’-CpG island of the WNT7A gene. Methylation analysis revealed positive correlations between tumor stage, Fuhrman nuclear grade and WNT7A hypermethylation. Additionally, restoration of WNT7A gene expression in the A498 cell line by 5-aza-2’-deoxycytidine treatment confirmed a direct contribution of hypermethylation in silencing of the WNT7A gene. High frequency of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) was demonstrated on chromosome 3p25 in regions surrounding the WNT7A gene. The frequent down-regulation of WNT7A gene expression was detected in 88% (15/17) of clear cell RCCs. We have also shown that the WNT7A gene possesses tumor suppression function by colony-formation and cell proliferation assays in RCC cell lines. In summary, the WNT7A gene is inactivated by genetic/epigenetic alterations in clear cell RCC and demonstrates tumor suppressor properties.

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[1295]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Combination of real-time elastography and urine prostate cancer gene 3 (PCA3) detects more than 97% of significant prostate cancers.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Scand J Urol. 2012 Oct 4.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 3109/00365599.2012.727859

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Nygard Y; Haukaas SA; Waage JE; Halvorsen OJ; Gravdal K; Frugard J; Akslen LA; Beisland C

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - 1Department of Urology.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Abstract Objective. The prostate cancer gene 3 (PCA3) score in urine is a promising biomarker for prostate cancer. Real-time elastography (RTE) is a well-documented ultrasound modality. The objective of this study was to evaluate  the ability to detect significant cancer foci in the prostate with these methods  alone and in combination. Material and methods. From September 2009 to September  2010, 40 patients planned for radical prostatectomy underwent a PCA3 urine test and RTE before operation. A Hitachi EUB-8500 with prostate end-fire transrectal probe was used. The PCA3 score was evaluated with a standard cut-off value of 35. RTE was evaluated in correlation with whole-mount section pathology. Three patients fulfilled the criteria for insignificant prostate cancer and were excluded from the study. Results. The PCA3 score was increased in 26 patients (70%). RTE identified at least one tumour in 33 out of 37 patients (89%). RTE detected the largest tumour in 27 out of 37 patients (73%). More than one cancer  was present in 29 patients and RTE identified more than one tumour in 13 of these. The RTE was false positive in four patients. The PCA3 score was increased  in three out of four false-negative RTE patients. By combining both methods, 36 out of 37 patients (97%) with significant prostate cancer were detected. Conclusions.The combination of PCA3 score and RTE detected 97% of significant prostate cancers. The combinative use of RTE and PCA3 will be further investigated in an unselected series of men with suspected prostate cancer.

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[1296]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Identification of new differentially methylated genes that have potential functional consequences in prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - PLoS One. 2012;7(10):e48455. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048455. Epub 2012 Oct 31.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1371/journal.pone.0048455

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Kim JW; Kim ST; Turner AR; Young T; Smith S; Liu W; Lindberg J; Egevad L; Gronberg H; Isaacs WB; Xu J

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Many differentially methylated genes have been identified in prostate cancer (PCa), primarily using candidate gene-based assays. Recently, several global DNA  methylation profiles have been reported in PCa, however, each of these has weaknesses in terms of ability to observe global DNA methylation alterations in PCa. We hypothesize that there remains unidentified aberrant DNA methylation in PCa, which may be identified using higher resolution assay methods. We used the newly developed Illumina HumanMethylation450 BeadChip in PCa (n = 19) and adjacent normal tissues (n = 4) and combined these with gene expression data for  identifying new DNA methylation that may have functional consequences in PCa development and progression. We also confirmed our methylation results in an independent data set. Two aberrant DNA methylation genes were validated among an  additional 56 PCa samples and 55 adjacent normal tissues. A total 28,735 CpG sites showed significant differences in DNA methylation (FDR adjusted P<0.05), defined as a mean methylation difference of at least 20% between PCa and normal samples. Furthermore, a total of 122 genes had more than one differentially methylated CpG site in their promoter region and a gene expression pattern that was inverse to the direction of change in DNA methylation (e.g. decreased expression with increased methylation, and vice-versa). Aberrant DNA methylation  of two genes, AOX1 and SPON2, were confirmed via bisulfate sequencing, with most  of the respective CpG sites showing significant differences between tumor samples and normal tissues. The AOX1 promoter region showed hypermethylation in 92.6% of  54 tested PCa samples in contrast to only three out of 53 tested normal tissues.  This study used a new BeadChip combined with gene expression data in PCa to identify novel differentially methylated CpG sites located within genes. The newly identified differentially methylated genes may be used as biomarkers for PCa diagnosis.

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[1297]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Cyclooxygenase-2 expression and its prognostic significance in clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Korean J Pathol. 2012 Jun;46(3):237-45. doi: 10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2012.46.3.237. Epub 2012 Jun 22.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 4132/KoreanJPathol.2012.46.3.237

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Lee JW; Park JH; Suh JH; Nam KH; Choe JY; Jung HY; Chae JY; Moon KC

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Pediatrics, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: The prognostic value of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in human renal cell  carcinoma (RCC) remains unclear. The purposes of this study are to elucidate the  clinical significance of COX-2 in clear cell RCC (CCRCC) and to assess the treatment effect of COX-2 inhibition on CCRCC cell lines. METHODS: Using tumor samples obtained from 137 patients who had undergone nephrectomy at Seoul National University Hospital, we evaluated COX-2 expression on immunohistochemistry. Moreover, we performed the cell proliferation assay using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and cell invasion assay. Thus, we evaluated the effect of meloxicam, an inhibitor of COX-2, in two human CCRCC cell lines. RESULTS: Cancer-specific survival (p=0.038) and progression-free survival (p=0.031) were shorter in the COX-2 high expression group. A multivariate logistic regression model showed that COX-2 expression was  an independent risk factor for pTNM stage and Fuhrman nuclear grade. The MTT assay revealed that COX-2 inhibition led to the suppression of the proliferation  of CCRCC cell lines. Moreover, it also reduced their invasion capacity. CONCLUSIONS: This study postulates that COX-2 is a poor prognostic indicator in human CCRCC, suggesting that COX-2 inhibition can be a potential therapy in CCRCC.

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[1298]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Renal pleomorphic undifferentiated sarcoma: a rarity.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl. 2012 Nov;23(6):1241-2. doi: 10.4103/1319-2442.103567.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 4103/1319-2442.103567

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Kumar S; Bansal P; Tiwari P; Kundu AK

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - The Institute of Post-Graduate Medical Education and Research (IPGMER), Kolkota,  West Bengal, India. sureshsingla08@gmail.com

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - A 70-year-old male presented with progressive weight loss for eight months. Radiological imaging showed a large tumor in the right kidney. The patient underwent right open radical nephrectomy and histopathology revealed pleomorphic  undifferentiated sarcoma (PUS) earlier known as malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH). One year after surgery, the patient developed pulmonary metastasis. Unfortunately, the patient died after six months.

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[1299]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Giant testicular tumor—a case presentation.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Med Life. 2012 Sep 15;5(3):329-31. Epub 2012 Sep 25.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Grigore C; Poteca T; Forminte M; Ionescu SO; Nedelea S

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - 1st Surgery Department of Colentina Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Testicular cancer is the most common cancer in men 15 to 35 years old. Histological subtypes are seminoma, non-seminoma and mixed tumours (partly seminoma and partly non-seminoma). Seminomas are more sensitive to radiation therapy and are easier to cure than non-seminomas. The surgical treatment is either orchiectomy, either orchiectomy plus lymph node dissection of the involved ganglia. CASE PRESENTATION: We present the case of a 42-year-old man with scrotal pain, important swelling and erythema admitted into our surgical unit. Clinical exam and ultrasound revealed a testicular augmentation of 6/15 cm. Radical orchiectomy was performed and the patient was further referred to the oncology department. CONCLUSIONS: Even though the common causes of scrotal erythema with local swelling and pain are orchiepididimitis and testicular torsion, a careful examination followed by a precise ultrasound can reveal a developing testicular tumor, which was complicated by inflammation. Moreover, a careful anamnesis hints to the development of a tumor as the patient was operated on for cryptorchidism in childhood. Orchiectomy followed by radiotherapy in seminomas, has a cure rate  of 70 to 100%.

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[1300]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Se rapprocher avec les survivants de la cancer de la prostate.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Can Urol Assoc J. 2012 Oct;6(5):351. doi: 10.5489/cuaj.12269.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 5489/cuaj.12269

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Siemens DR

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[1301]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Connecting with prostate cancer survivors.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Can Urol Assoc J. 2012 Oct;6(5):349. doi: 10.5489/cuaj.12268.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 5489/cuaj.12268

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Siemens DR

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[1302]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - PTEN genomic deletion predicts prostate cancer recurrence and is associated with  low AR expression and transcriptional activity.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - BMC Cancer. 2012 Nov 22;12:543. doi: 10.1186/1471-2407-12-543.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1186/1471-2407-12-543

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Choucair K; Ejdelman J; Brimo F; Aprikian A; Chevalier S; Lapointe J

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, McGill University and the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre(RI-MUHC), Montreal H3G 1A4 QC, Canada.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Prostate cancer (PCa), a leading cause of cancer death in North American men, displays a broad range of clinical outcome from relatively indolent to lethal metastatic disease. Several genomic alterations have been identified in PCa which may serve as predictors of progression. PTEN, (10q23.3), is a negative  regulator of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PIK3)/AKT survival pathway and a  tumor suppressor frequently deleted in PCa. The androgen receptor (AR) signalling pathway is known to play an important role in PCa and its blockade constitutes a  commonly used treatment modality. In this study, we assessed the deletion status  of PTEN along with AR expression levels in 43 primary PCa specimens with clinical follow-up. METHODS: Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) was done on formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) PCa samples to examine the deletion status of PTEN. AR expression levels were determined using immunohistochemistry (IHC). RESULTS: Using FISH, we found 18 cases of PTEN deletion. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed an association with disease recurrence (P=0.03). Concurrently, IHC staining for AR found significantly lower levels of AR expression within those tumors deleted for PTEN (P<0.05). To validate these observations we interrogated a copy number alteration and gene expression profiling dataset of 64 PCa samples, 17 of which were PTEN deleted. We confirmed the predictive value of  PTEN deletion in disease recurrence (P=0.03). PTEN deletion was also linked to diminished expression of PTEN (P<0.01) and AR (P=0.02). Furthermore, gene set enrichment analysis revealed a diminished expression of genes downstream of AR signalling in PTEN deleted tumors. CONCLUSIONS: Altogether, our data suggest that PTEN deleted tumors expressing low levels of AR may represent a worse prognostic  subset of PCa establishing a challenge for therapeutic management.

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[1303]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Plasmacytoid melanoma of the urinary bladder and lymph nodes with immunohistochemical expression of plasma cell markers revealing primary esophageal melanoma.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Case Rep Pathol. 2012;2012:916256. doi: 10.1155/2012/916256. Epub 2012 Oct 24.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1155/2012/916256

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Charfi S; Ellouze S; Mnif H; Amouri A; Khabir A; Sellami-Boudawara T

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Pathology, CHU Habib Bourguiba, CP 3029, Sfax, Tunisia.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Plasmacytoid variant of melanoma is reported in only rare cases. We present the case of a 54-years-old man admitted for enlarged lymph nodes in the lumbar region. Initial diagnosis of plasmablastic lymphoma/plasma cell myeloma was considered. At our institute, a bladder polyp was removed. Microscopic exam demonstrated dense plasmacytoid cells infiltration with pigment deposits. Immunohistochemical study showed strong expression of HMB45, Melan A, and vimentin. There was focal positivity with S100 protein and CD138/syndecan-1. The  diagnosis of metastatic plasmacytoid melanoma was finally established. Clinical exam revealed an esophageal melanoma with melanosis supporting its primary location. Although rarely, melanoma especially plasmacytoid variant may express plasma cell markers which may lead to erroneous diagnosis of plasma cell proliferation. Careful morphological examination for melanin pigment and the use  of panel of melanocytic markers are helpful for diagnosis.

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[1304]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonists and bladder cancer: lessons from animal studies.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Environ Sci Health C Environ Carcinog Ecotoxicol Rev. 2012;30(4):368-402. doi:  10.1080/10590501.2012.735519.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1080/10590501.2012.735519

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Tseng CH; Tseng FH

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine,  Taipei, Taiwan. ccktsh@ms6.hinet.net

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - This article reviews available animal studies on the possible link between the use of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonists and bladder cancer, with further discussion on the possible implications to humans. Carcinogenicity studies suggest that the PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone and dual  PPARalpha/gamma agonists such as ragaglitazar, muraglitazar, and naveglitazar may increase the risk of bladder cancer in a dose-responsive pattern in rats. It is interesting that bladder cancer related to PPAR agonists shows remarkable species- and sex-specificity and has a predilection to occur in the ventral dome  of bladder in rodents. While male rats treated with pioglitazone or muraglitazar  have a higher propensity to develop bladder cancer than female rats, mice of both sexes do not develop bladder cancer even when exposed to very high doses. Direct  genotoxicity or cytotoxicity of PPAR agonists is unlikely to be the mode of action because most of the parent compounds or their metabolites of the PPAR agonists are neither mutagenic nor genotoxic, and they are rarely excreted in the urine; but a receptor-mediated PPAR effect cannot be excluded. Some suggest a “urolithiasis hypothesis” referring to the formation of urinary solids and calculi, which subsequently causes bladder necrosis, regenerative proliferation,  hypertrophy, and cancer. However, whether these animal findings could have human  relevance is not yet fully understood. Some argue that the urolithiasis-induced bladder cancer might be rat-specific and would probably not be applicable to humans. An effect of increased urinary growth factors induced by PPAR agonists has also been proposed, but this requires more investigations. Before fully clarified, a balance between the risks and benefits of the use of pioglitazone, an approved oral antidiabetic agent that has recently been linked to an increased but not yet confirmed risk of bladder cancer in humans, should be justified for individual use.

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[1305]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Basosquamous cell carcinoma developing from a renal transplantation recipient.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Case Rep Dermatol. 2012 Sep;4(3):227-32. doi: 10.1159/000345095. Epub 2012 Oct 24.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1159/000345095

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Tsukada A; Fujimura T; Furudate S; Kambayashi Y; Hashimoto A; Aiba S

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Dermatology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - We describe a case of basosquamous cell carcinoma arising from a 52-year-old Japanese renal transplantation recipient (RTR). In the present case, we investigated the immunohistochemical profiles of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes,  focusing on cytotoxic granules, granulysin-bearing cells and immunosuppressive cells, such as regulatory T cells and tumor-associated macrophages. Our present study suggests some of the possible mechanisms for the carcinogenesis of cutaneous malignancy in RTRs.

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[1306]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Imaging primary prostate cancer with 11C-Choline PET/CT: relation to tumour stage, Gleason score and biomarkers of biologic aggressiveness.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Radiol Oncol. 2012 Sep;46(3):179-88. doi: 10.2478/v10019-012-0034-y. Epub 2012 Jun 19.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 2478/v10019-012-0034-y

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Chen J; Zhao Y; Li X; Sun P; Wang M; Wang R; Jin X

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Minimally Invasive Urology center, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: As a significant overlap of 11C-Choline standardized uptake value (SUV) between prostate cancer and benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) tissue, controversy exists regarding the clinical value of 11C-Choline PET/CT scan in primary prostate cancer. In this study, the SUVmax of the prostate lesions and the pelvic muscles were measured and their ratios (SUVmax-P/M ratio) were calculated. Then we evaluated whether the tracer 11C-Choline uptake, quantified as SUVmax-P/M ratio, correlated with tumour stage, Gleason score, and expression  levels of several biomarkers of aggressiveness. METHODS: Twenty-six patients with primary prostate cancer underwent 11C-Choline PET/CT. Tumour specimens from these patients were graded histopathologically, and immunnohistochemistry for Ki-67, CD31, androgen receptor (AR), Her-2/neu, Bcl-2, and PTEN were performed. RESULTS: Both SUVmax and SUVmax-P/M ratio showed no significant difference between patients with tumour stage II and III, but significantly elevated in patients with tumour stage IV. SUVmax-P/M ratio was also significantly higher in lesions with Gleason score of 4+3 or higher versus less than or equal to 3+4. SUVmax-P/M  ratio was found significantly correlated with expression levels of Ki-67 and CD31. In addition, a higher SUVmax-P/M ratio was demonstrated in Her-2/neu positive subgroup than negative subgroup. At the same time, Gleason score and expression levels of these biomarkers showed no significant association with SUVmax. CONCLUSIONS: Using the parameter SUVmax-P/M ratio, 11C-Choline PET/CT may be a valuable non-invasive imaging technology in the diagnosis of primary prostate cancer.

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[1307]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Blood-based biomarkers of aggressive prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - PLoS One. 2012;7(9):e45802. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045802. Epub 2012 Sep 28.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1371/journal.pone.0045802

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Liong ML; Lim CR; Yang H; Chao S; Bong CW; Leong WS; Das PK; Loh CS; Lau BE; Yu CG; Ooi EJ; Nam RK; Allen PD; Steele GS; Wassmann K; Richie JP; Liew CC

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Lam Wah Ee Hospital, Georgetown, Penang, Malaysia.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: Prostate cancer is a bimodal disease with aggressive and indolent forms. Current prostate-specific-antigen testing and digital rectal examination screening provide ambiguous results leading to both under-and over-treatment. Accurate, consistent diagnosis is crucial to risk-stratify patients and facilitate clinical decision making as to treatment versus active surveillance. Diagnosis is currently achieved by needle biopsy, a painful procedure. Thus, there is a clinical need for a minimally-invasive test to determine prostate cancer aggressiveness. A blood sample to predict Gleason score, which is known to reflect aggressiveness of the cancer, could serve as such a test. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Blood mRNA was isolated from North American and Malaysian prostate cancer patients/controls. Microarray analysis was conducted utilizing the Affymetrix U133 plus 2.0 platform. Expression profiles from 255 patients/controls generated 85 candidate biomarkers. Following quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis, ten disease-associated biomarkers remained for paired statistical analysis and normalization. RESULTS: Microarray analysis was conducted to identify 85 genes differentially expressed between aggressive prostate cancer (Gleason score >/=8) and controls. Expression of these genes was qRT-PCR verified. Statistical analysis yielded a final seven-gene panel evaluated as six  gene-ratio duplexes. This molecular signature predicted as aggressive (ie, Gleason score >/=8) 55% of G6 samples, 49% of G7(3+4), 79% of G7(4+3) and 83% of  G8-10, while rejecting 98% of controls. CONCLUSION: In this study, we have developed a novel, blood-based biomarker panel which can be used as the basis of  a simple blood test to identify men with aggressive prostate cancer and thereby reduce the overdiagnosis and overtreatment that currently results from diagnosis  using PSA alone. We discuss possible clinical uses of the panel to identify men more likely to benefit from biopsy and immediate therapy versus those more suited to an “active surveillance” strategy.

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[1308]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Prostate cancer: two whole-blood RNA expression signatures for aggressive CRPC.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Nat Rev Urol. 2012 Dec;9(12):666. doi: 10.1038/nrurol.2012.195. Epub 2012 Nov 13.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1038/nrurol.2012.195

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Clyne M

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[1309]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Congenital mesoblastic nephroma in a young basset hound dog.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Small Anim Pract. 2012 Dec;53(12):709-13. doi: 10.1111/j.1748-5827.2012.01289.x. Epub 2012 Oct 1.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1111/j.1748-5827.2012.01289.x

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Soldati S; Radaelli E; Mazzuti A; Scanziani E

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - IDEXX-Diavet, Division of IDEXX Laboratories, Diavet-Labor AG, Bach, Switzerland.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - An 18-month-old male basset hound was presented with vomiting, diarrhoea and depression. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed a mass in the left kidney. An ultrasound-guided core-biopsy indicated aggregates of spindle cells, but did not  allow a definitive diagnosis. Nephrectomy was performed after a period of six months, when ultrasound examination revealed a slight increase in mass dimensions. Histologically the mass was composed of neoplastic spindle cells forming interlacing fascicles, bundles and whorls, within a loose myxoid to dense collagenous stroma. Immunohistochemically neoplastic cells were positive for vimentin and smooth muscle actin. Based on these findings the tumour was diagnosed as a congenital mesoblastic nephroma, classical variant. After a two-and-a-half-year follow-up the dog was clinically healthy, indicating a benign behaviour. To the authors’ knowledge, this report describes the first case of canine congenital mesoblastic nephroma successfully treated surgically, with a reasonable postsurgical follow-up.

 

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[1310]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Narrow-band imaging cystoscopy in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: a prospective comparison to the standard approach.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Ther Adv Urol. 2012 Oct;4(5):211-7.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1177_1756287212454181 [pii

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1177/1756287212454181

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Geavlete B; Jecu M; Multescu R; Geavlete P

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - ‘Saint John’ Emergency Clinical Hospital, Department of Urology, Bucharest, Romania.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - OBJECTIVES: A single-centre, prospective trial was performed aiming to assess the impact of narrow-band imaging (NBI) cystoscopy in cases of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) in comparison to standard white light cystoscopy (WLC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 95 NMIBC-suspected consecutive cases were enrolled. The inclusion criteria were hematuria, positive urinary cytology or ultrasound suspicion of bladder tumors. All patients underwent WLC and NBI cystoscopy. Standard resection was performed for all lesions visible in white light and NBI transurethral resection of bladder tumors for only NBI-observed tumors. RESULTS: The overall detection rates of NMIBC and carcinoma in situ (CIS) were significantly improved for NBI (96.2% versus 87.2% and 100% versus 66.7% respectively). Also, NBI cystoscopy showed significantly superior detection for CIS, pTa and overall tumors (95.2% versus 61.9%, 93.9% versus 85.2% and 94.8% versus 83.9% respectively). Additional tumors were diagnosed by NBI in a significant proportion of patients with CIS, pTa, pT1 and NMIBC (55.5% versus 11.1%, 26.5% versus 10.2%, 30% versus 10% and 30.8% versus 10.3%). Postoperative  treatment was significantly improved due to NBI results (16.7% versus 5.1%). CONCLUSIONS: NBI cystoscopy represents a valuable diagnostic alternative in patients with NMIBC, with significant improvement in tumor visual accuracy as well as detection. This approach provides a substantial improvement to bladder cancer therapeutic management.

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[1311]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Assessment of I-125 seed implant accuracy when using the live-planning technique  for low dose rate prostate brachytherapy.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Radiat Oncol. 2012 Nov 22;7:196. doi: 10.1186/1748-717X-7-196.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1186/1748-717X-7-196

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Moorrees J; Lawson JM; Marcu LG

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Medical Physics, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, North Terrace,  SA 5000, Australia. joshua.moorrees@health.sa.gov.au

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Low risk prostate cancers are commonly treated with low dose rate (LDR) brachytherapy involving I-125 seeds. The implementation of a ‘live-planning’ technique at the Royal Adelaide Hospital (RAH) in 2007 enabled the completion of the whole procedure (i.e. scanning, planning and implant) in one sitting. ‘Live-planning’ has the advantage of a more reliable delivery of the planned treatment compared to the ‘traditional pre-plan’ technique (where patient is scanned and planned in the weeks prior to implant). During live planning, the  actual implanted needle positions are updated real-time on the treatment planning system and the dosimetry is automatically recalculated. The aim of this investigation was to assess the differences and clinical relevance between the planned dosimetry and the updated real-time implant dosimetry. METHODS: A number  of 162 patients were included in this dosimetric study. A paired t-test was performed on the D90, V100, V150 and V200 target parameters and the differences between the planned and implanted dose distributions were analysed. Similarly, dosimetric differences for the organs at risk (OAR) were also evaluated. RESULTS: Small differences between the primary dosimetric parameters for the target were found. Still, the incidence of hotspots was increased with approximately 20% for  V200. Statistically significant increases were observed in the doses delivered to the OAR between the planned and implanted data; however, these increases were consistently below 3% thus probably without clinical consequences. CONCLUSIONS: The current study assessed the accuracy of prostate implants with I-125 seeds when compared to initial plans. The results confirmed the precision of the implant technique which RAH has in place. Nevertheless, geographical misses, anatomical restrictions and needle displacements during implant can have repercussions for centres without live-planning option if dosimetric changes are  not taken into consideration.

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[1312]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Adjuvant pelvic irradiation for cervical cancer in the setting of a transplanted  pelvic kidney.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Cancer Res Ther. 2012 Jul-Sep;8(3):427-9. doi: 10.4103/0973-1482.103525.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 4103/0973-1482.103525

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Mohiuddin MM; Mahmood U; Hall AA; Rosenshein N

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA. majid.mohiuddin.md@gmail.com

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Postoperative radiation therapy is often needed following resection for gynecological cancers. A pelvic kidney, whether ectopic or transplanted, is considered an absolute contraindication for radiation if the organ is left in place. A 45-year-old, immunosuppressed patient with FIGO IB1 cervical adenocarcinoma was treated with intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) to 45 Gy to the modified whole pelvis with a boost to 59.4 Gy to high-risk areas despite having a transplanted kidney in the right iliac fossa. The irradiation prevented further local failure in the pelvis at 36-month follow-up with no decrement in renal function. Radiation to the modified pelvis using IMRT while avoiding the renal allograft is technically feasible and should be offered to more high-risk patients.

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[1313]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Prostate cancer screening practices of African-American and non-African-American  US primary care physicians: a cross-sectional survey.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Int J Gen Med. 2012;5:775-80. doi: 10.2147/IJGM.S36028. Epub 2012 Sep 19.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 2147/IJGM.S36028

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Richards TB; Rim SH; Hall IJ; Richardson LC; Ross LE

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA;

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: We explored whether African-American (AA) primary care physicians (PCPs) have different prostate cancer screening practices compared to non-AA PCPs, after adjustment for potential confounding factors such as the proportion of AA patients in PCP practices. METHODS: We used SAS/SUDAAN to compare weighted responses from AA PCPs (n = 604) with those from non-AA PCPs (n = 647) in the 2007-2008 National Survey of Primary Care Physician Practices Regarding Prostate  Cancer Screening. We used multivariate logistic regression to calculate the weighted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS: We found that AA PCPs had higher odds of working in practices with above-the-median (>/= 21%) proportions of AA male patients (OR, 9.02; 95% CI: 5.85-13.91). A higher proportion of AA PCPs (53.5%; 95% CI: 49.5-57.4) reported an above-the-median proportion (>/= 91%) of PSA testing during health maintenance exams as compared to non-AA PCPs (39.4%; 95% CI: 35.5-43.4; P < 0.0002). After adjusting for the proportion of AA patients and other factors, we found that AA PCPs had higher odds of using PSA tests to screen men (OR, 1.74; 95% CI: 1.11-2.73). CONCLUSION:  This study quantifies the magnitude of the differences reported in previous focus group studies. Our results may be helpful in hypothesis generation and in planning future research studies.

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[1314]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Genome-wide analysis of androgen receptor targets reveals COUP-TF1 as a novel player in human prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - PLoS One. 2012;7(10):e46467. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046467. Epub 2012 Oct 4.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1371/journal.pone.0046467

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Perets R; Kaplan T; Stein I; Hidas G; Tayeb S; Avraham E; Ben-Neriah Y; Simon I; Pikarsky E

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Pathology and Lautenberg center for immunology, IMRIC, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Androgen activity plays a key role in prostate cancer progression. Androgen receptor (AR) is the main mediator of androgen activity in the prostate, through  its ability to act as a transcription mediator. Here we performed a genome-wide analysis of human AR binding to promoters in the presence of an agonist or antagonist in an androgen dependent prostate cancer cell line. Many of the AR bound promoters are bound in all examined conditions while others are bound only  in the presence of an agonist or antagonist. Several motifs are enriched in AR bound promoters, including the AR Response Element (ARE) half-site and recognition elements for the transcription factors OCT1 and SOX9. This suggests that these 3 factors could define a module of co-operating transcription factors  in the prostate. Interestingly, AR bound promoters are preferentially located in  AT rich genomic regions. Analysis of mRNA expression identified chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter-transcription factor 1 (COUP-TF1) as a direct AR target gene that is downregulated upon binding by the agonist liganded AR. COUP-TF1 immunostaining revealed nucleolar localization of COUP-TF1 in epithelium of human androgen dependent prostate cancer, but not in adjacent benign prostate epithelium. Stromal cells both in human and mouse prostate show nuclear COUP-TF1  staining. We further show that there is an inverse correlation between COUP-TF1 expression in prostate stromal cells and the rising levels of androgen with advancing puberty. This study extends the pool of recognized putative AR targets  and identifies a negatively regulated target of AR - COUP-TF1 - which could possibly play a role in human prostate cancer.

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[1315]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Prostate cancer: the androgen receptor-a novel target for vaccines.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Nat Rev Urol. 2012 Dec;9(12):671. doi: 10.1038/nrurol.2012.220. Epub 2012 Nov 20.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1038/nrurol.2012.220

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Clyne M

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[1316]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - FAM70B as a Novel Prognostic Marker for Cancer Progression and Cancer-Specific Death in Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Korean J Urol. 2012 Sep;53(9):598-606. doi: 10.4111/kju.2012.53.9.598. Epub 2012  Sep 19.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 4111/kju.2012.53.9.598

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Kang HW; Yoon HY; Ha YS; Kim WT; Kim YJ; Yun SJ; Lee SC; Kim WJ

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: To validate whether FAM70B, which was found in our micro-array profiling as a prognostic marker for cancer survival, could accurately predict prognosis in patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 124 patients with MIBC were enrolled in this study. The FAM70B expression level was analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction by using RNA from tumor tissues. The prognostic effect of FAM70B was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier analysis and a multivariate Cox regression model. RESULTS: Kaplan-Meier estimates showed a significant difference in progression-free survival (log-rank test, p=0.011) and cancer-specific survival (log-rank test, p=0.017) according to FAM70B gene expression level. By multivariate Cox regression analysis, high FAM70B expression was predictive of cancer progression (hazard ratio [HR], 2.115, p=0.013) and cancer-specific death (HR, 1.925; p=0.033). In the subgroup analysis, high expression of FAM70B was associated with poor cancer-specific survival, progression-free survival, and overall survival in the patients who underwent cystectomy (log-rank test, p=0.013, p=0.036, p=0.005, respectively). In the chemotherapy group, FAM70B expression was associated with cancer-specific survival and progression-free survival (log-rank test, p=0.013, p=0.042, respectively). Moreover, high FAM70B expression was associated with shorter cancer-specific survival in localized or locally advanced tumor stages (log-rank  test, p=0.016). CONCLUSIONS: We confirmed the significance of FAM70B as a prognostic marker in a validation cohort. Therefore, we propose that the FAM70B gene could be used to more precisely predict cancer progression and cancer-specific death in patients with MIBC.

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[1317]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Cutaneous Metastasis of Transitional Cell Carcinoma in 12 Dogs.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Vet Pathol. 2012 Nov 6.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1177/0300985812465326

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Reed LT; Knapp DW; Miller MA

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - In humans, cutaneous metastasis of transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) has been attributed to direct extension, lymphatic or hematogenous dissemination, or surgical implantation. The purpose of this study was to characterize the clinical and histologic features of cutaneous TCC metastasis, confirmed by uroplakin-III immunohistochemistry, in dogs. The 12 cases were 9 spayed female and 3 neutered male dogs, 6 to 14 years old (mean, 11 years). Four dogs had a history of urinary incontinence. Three had undergone abdominal surgery for TCC diagnosis or treatment. The primary neoplasms were 7 papillary infiltrating and 5 nonpapillary infiltrating TCC. Cutaneous lesions were detected at a mean of 123 days (median,  38 days) after diagnosis of the primary TCC and appeared as plaques, papules, or  nodules in, with 1 exception, perineal, inguinal, or ventral abdominal dermis or  subcutis. Of 8 dogs with dermal TCC, 5 had epidermal erosion or ulceration. In 10 dogs, TCC was detected in cutaneous lymphatic vessels, identified by endothelial  immunoreactivity for Prox1. Metastases were also detected in lymph nodes in all dogs and at distant noncutaneous sites, usually the lungs, in 10 dogs. Mean survival after diagnosis was 162 days (median, 90 days). Despite medical treatment of 10 dogs after the development of cutaneous metastasis, remission was not achieved; 4 dogs had stable disease. Although TCC could have spread to skin by direct extension or lymphatic or vascular dissemination, the proximity of most cutaneous metastases to the vulva or prepuce raises the additional possibility of transepidermal spread through urine-scalded skin.

 

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[1318]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Successful conservative management of a colorenal fistula complicating percutaneous cryoablation of renal tumors: a case report.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Med Case Rep. 2012 Oct 26;6(1):365. doi: 10.1186/1752-1947-6-365.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1186/1752-1947-6-365

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Morgan AI; Doble A; Davies RJ

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Cambridge Colorectal Unit and Department of Urology, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK. amir.morgan1@gmail.com.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - INTRODUCTION: Colorenal fistula is a rare phenomenon and may complicate percutaneous cryoablation of renal cell carcinoma. Treatment remains controversial. CASE PRESENTATION: A 62-year-old Caucasian man presented with pneumaturia and left flank pain six weeks following ultrasound-guided percutaneous cryoablation of two recurrent lesions in the left kidney 14 years after partial left nephrectomy for a left renal cell carcinoma. A computed tomography scan eight weeks after cryoablation revealed a cryoablated mass with adjacent stranding and adherent descending colon as well as bubbles of gas in the area of stranding, the left collecting system, and the bladder. These features were consistent with a colorenal fistula at the site of previous ablation. Successful resolution of the fistula, both clinical and radiological, was achieved following a complete conservative non-interventional out-patient approach. No ureteric stent or surgical intervention was employed. CONCLUSIONS: In the absence of severe symptoms or sepsis, complete conservative management of  a colorenal fistula complicating percutaneous cryoablation of renal tumors should be considered prior to interventional stenting or resectional surgery.

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[1319]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - New agents in metastatic prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2012 Nov 1;10(11):1403-9.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Choudhury AD; Kantoff PW

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Ave., Boston, MA 02215, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Discoveries of molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) have led to significant advancements  in the development of effective agents in this setting, with diverse mechanisms of action. Within the past 2 years, 5 agents have been approved for the treatment of patients with metastatic CRPC (cabazitaxel, abiraterone, sipuleucel-T, denosumab, and enzalutamide), and another (Alpharadin) has shown overall survival benefit in a phase III trial. This article summarizes the phase III data showing  clinical benefit from these agents, highlights other promising therapies in phase III studies as single agents (PROSTVAC-VF, ipilimumab, cabozantinib), discusses important unanswered questions regarding these therapies, and provides a schema for their use based on current regulatory approval and how this is likely to evolve as data from ongoing studies are reported. Although curative interventions in metastatic CRPC still do not exist, the hope is that optimization of therapeutic strategies can reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with this disease.

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[1320]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Cabazitaxel (jevtana): a novel agent for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - P T. 2012 Aug;37(8):440-8.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Nightingale G; Ryu J

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - OBJECTIVE: This article presents current clinical evidence supporting the use of  cabazitaxel (Jevtana) in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). DATA SOURCES: We conducted a literature search using abstracts from MEDLINE and PubMed (from January 1966 to December 2011) and the American Society  of Clinical Oncology (from January 2000 to December 2011). The search included clinical studies and abstracts in the English language that described the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, clinical activity, and safety of cabazitaxel in mCRPC. RESULTS: Cabazitaxel, a semisynthetic microtubule inhibitor that induces cell death by microtubule stabilization, was approved in combination with prednisone for the treatment of mCRPC in patients who had been treated with a docetaxel-(Taxotere)-containing regimen. The approval of this taxane derivative was based primarily on the results of a randomized, open-label trial in patients  with mCRPC who were treated with either cabazitaxel 25 mg/m(2) or mitoxantrone (Novantrone) 12 mg/m(2) intravenously every 3 weeks, both in combination with prednisone 10 mg/day. The median survival period was 15.1 months with cabazitaxel and 12.7 months with mitoxantrone. Neither group experienced complete responses.  Cabazitaxel has also shown activity in breast cancer and other malignancies. In clinical trials, common grade 3 or grade 4 adverse reactions were myelosuppression, febrile neutropenia, diarrhea, fatigue, and asthenia. Other adverse effects included abdominal pain, back pain, arthralgia, and peripheral neuropathy. CONCLUSION: Cabazitaxel appeared to be an effective second-line agent in patients with mCRPC refractory to a docetaxel-containing regimen. Studies comparing cabazitaxel with existing first-line regimens for mCRPC are under way.  Until the results of these head-to-head trials are published, it remains uncertain whether cabazitaxel is more effective or more tolerable than the currently available first-line regimens.

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[1321]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Bilateral ureteral obstruction in a cat due to a ureteral transitional cell carcinoma.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Can Vet J. 2012 May;53(5):535-8.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Cohen L; Shipov A; Ranen E; Bruchim Y; Segev G

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - School of Veterinary Medicine, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 76100, Israel.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - A 15-year-old cat was presented with a history of lethargy and vomiting. Serum biochemistry revealed severe azotemia. Ultrasonography revealed a small left kidney and hydronephrosis of the right kidney. There was an abdominal mass between the kidneys. Necropsy revealed a mass circumflexing both ureters and histopathology confirmed a diagnosis of transitional cell carcinoma.

 

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[1322]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Pediatric renal inflammatory myofibroblastic tumours: A case report and review of the etiology and management options.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Can Urol Assoc J. 2012 Aug;6(4):E150-3. doi: 10.5489/cuaj.11120.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 5489/cuaj.11120

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Czerwinski M; Dave S

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS;

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumours (IMTs) have been described in lung, bladder, spleen, breast, pancreas, liver, colon, spermatic cord, prostate, peripheral nerves, orbit and kidney. Traditionally believed as having a reactive pathogenesis, IMTs are now viewed more as a neoplasm. This report describes a case of a renal IMT in a 14-year-old girl with spina bifida associated neurogenic bladder and a history of recurrent urinary tract infections. This represents a unique case as pediatric renal IMTs are very rare in the literature. We discuss how this patient was managed and how she presented compared to other reported cases.

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[1323]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Relationships between Prostate-Specific Antigen, Prostate Volume, and Components  of Metabolic Syndrome in Healthy Korean Men.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Korean J Urol. 2012 Nov;53(11):774-8. doi: 10.4111/kju.2012.53.11.774. Epub 2012  Nov 14.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 4111/kju.2012.53.11.774

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Byun HK; Sung YH; Kim W; Jung JH; Song JM; Chung HC

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: Metabolic syndrome (MS) plays a potential role in the etiology of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Recent studies have reported on an association between MS and BPH. However, there has been no consensus on recent results. This  study was conducted to evaluate the associations among prostate-specific antigen  (PSA), prostate volume (PV), and metabolic components in men who visited our health promotion center. MATERIALS AND METHODS: During the period from January 2005 to December 2010, 521 consecutive men (age range, 40 to 70 years) who underwent transrectal ultrasonography were enrolled in this retrospective study.  The health screening program includes blood pressure, body measurements (height,  weight, waist circumference, body mass index), biochemical analysis (serum glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, fasting plasma glucose, tumor markers), stool and urine  analysis, and a detailed clinical examination. RESULTS: The serum PSA level and PV were significantly higher in patients with MS than in patients without MS, retrospectively (p<0.001, p<0.001). Patients with more than one metabolic component were significantly more likely to have a larger PV and higher serum PSA level. The serum PSA level and PV were increased in a similar manner with the increasing sum of MS components (p<0.0001, p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The MS components were associated with larger PV and higher serum PSA level. Therefore,  each MS component could be an important factor in BPH development and management.

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[1324]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Adult Wilms’ tumor with a unique presentation of high-grade Fever, photophobia, and headache.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Rev Urol. 2012;14(1-2):31-4.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Krishnan J; Pietras J; Nachmann M; Brown G

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, University of Medicine and Dentitstry of New Jersey Stratford, NJ.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Wilms’ tumor is the second most common tumor in children, accounting for 6% to 7% of all childhood tumors. However, in adults, it is a rare occurrence. The true incidence of adult Wilms’ tumor is difficult to ascertain because of its rarity in the adult population. A review of literature demonstrates that fewer than 300  cases have been reported worldwide. Treatment guidelines in adults have not been  established, although reported prognosis is worse for adults compared with children because the disease is more advanced in adults at the time of diagnosis. Reported here is a case of adult Wilms’ tumor presenting as high-grade fever and  abnormal laboratory values.

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[1325]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Adult intrarenal neuroblastoma presenting as renal cell carcinoma.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Can Urol Assoc J. 2012 Aug;6(4):E144-6. doi: 10.5489/cuaj.11119.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 5489/cuaj.11119

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Bayrak O; Seckiner I; Erturhan S; Aydin A; Yagci F

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey;

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[1326]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Experience with the combination of dutasteride and tamsulosin in the long-term management of benign prostatic hyperplasia.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Ther Adv Urol. 2012 Oct;4(5):267-72.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1177_1756287212457115 [pii

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1177/1756287212457115

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Chughtai B; Elterman DS; Lee R; Te AE; Kaplan SA

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - James Buchanan Brady Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)  commonly affect older men. These bothersome symptoms can lead to a decreased quality of life. Currently, two classes of drugs - alpha-adrenergic blockers and  5alpha-reductase inhibitors - are prescribed to treat LUTS secondary to BPH. Due  to their different mechanisms of action, these medications work in a synergistic  manner. Trials of combination therapy have been conducted to assess its effect compared with monotherapy. Current data support combination therapy in men with moderately enlarged prostates and moderate to severe symptoms.

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[1327]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Accuracy of three-dimensional and two-dimensional ultrasonography for measurement of tumor volume in dogs with transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Am J Vet Res. 2012 Dec;73(12):1919-24. doi: 10.2460/ajvr.73.12.1919.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 2460/ajvr.73.12.1919

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Naughton JF; Widmer WR; Constable PD; Knapp DW

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA. jfnaught@purdue.edu

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - OBJECTIVE: To determine the accuracy of 3-D and 2-D ultrasonography for quantification of tumor volume in dogs with transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of  the urinary bladder. ANIMALS: 10 dogs with biopsy-confirmed TCC. PROCEDURES: The  urinary bladder of each dog was distended with saline (0.9% NaCl) solution (5.0 mL/kg), and masses were measured via 3-D and 2-D ultrasonography. Masses were also measured via 3-D ultrasonography after bladders were distended with 2.5 and  1.0 mL of saline solution/kg. Subsequently, the bladder was deflated and distended with CO(2) (5.0 mL/kg); CT was performed after IV contrast medium administration. Tumor volumes were calculated via 3-D ultrasonography, 2-D ultrasonography, and CT (reference method) and compared via ANOVA, Deming regression, and Bland-Altman plots. Repeated-measures ANOVA was used to assess effects of bladder distension on 3-D tumor volume measurements. Repeatability of  measurements was estimated via the coefficient of variation for each method. RESULTS: Repeatability was considered good for all 3 methods. There was no significant difference in tumor volume measurements obtained via 3-D ultrasonography at different degrees of urinary bladder distension. Results of Deming regression and Bland-Altman plots indicated excellent agreement between tumor volume measurement with 3-D ultrasonography and CT, but not between 2-D ultrasonography and CT. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Tumor volume in dogs  with TCC of the urinary bladder was accurately measured via 3-D ultrasonography.  Use of 3-D ultrasonography can provide a less expensive and more practical method for monitoring response to treatment than CT and was more accurate than 2-D ultrasonography.

 

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[1328]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Palliative care of malignant ureteral obstruction with polytetrafluoroethylene membrane-covered self-expandable metallic stents: initial experience.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Korean J Urol. 2012 Sep;53(9):625-31. doi: 10.4111/kju.2012.53.9.625. Epub 2012 Sep 19.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 4111/kju.2012.53.9.625

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Kim JH; Song K; Jo MK; Park JW

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Seoul, Korea.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: We assessed the efficacy and safety of insertion of a polytetrafluoroethylene membrane-covered self-expandable metallic stent (UVENTA stent) for palliation of malignant ureteral obstruction on the basis of our early results. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighteen patients underwent UVENTA stent insertion for extrinsic malignant ureteral obstructions of 20 ureters. The UVENTA stents were deployed retrogradely under cystoscopy and fluoroscopy. Candidates for the procedure had preexisting double-J stents that were nonfunctional or caused excessive bladder irritation. We recorded the success and patency rate in  addition to any complications associated with the procedure. RESULTS: The mean length of obstruction was 10.6 cm (range, 2 to 20 cm). Two ureters were obstructed in the upper ureter, 9 in the lower ureter, and 9 in multiple levels of ureter. Simultaneous balloon dilation was performed in 12 ureters. UVENTA stents were successfully inserted in all patients. No obstruction of the UVENTA stents occurred during the mean follow-up period of 7.3 months (patency rate 100%), but de novo ureteral obstruction developed in 4 ureters. There were no instances of stone formation, hyperplastic reaction, encrustation, or migration.  Abnormally elevated serum creatinine decreased to normal levels and hydronephrosis gradually resolved during the 4 weeks after UVENTA insertion. No significant complications developed except for transient and self-limiting hematuria and mild lower abdominal pain. CONCLUSIONS: UVENTA stents may relieve malignant ureteral obstruction safely and easily. Long-term follow-up is necessary to assess the role of this stent in the treatment of malignant ureteral obstruction.

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[1329]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Preferential colonization of metastases by oncolytic vaccinia virus strain GLV-1h68 in a human PC-3 prostate cancer model in nude mice.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - PLoS One. 2012;7(9):e45942. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045942. Epub 2012 Sep 25.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1371/journal.pone.0045942

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Donat U; Weibel S; Hess M; Stritzker J; Hartl B; Sturm JB; Chen NG; Gentschev I; Szalay AA

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Institute of Biochemistry, University of Wurzburg, Wurzburg, Germany.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Recently, we showed that the oncolytic vaccinia virus GLV-1h68 has a significant  therapeutic potential in treating lymph node metastases of human PC-3 prostate carcinoma in tumor xenografts. In this study, underlying mechanisms of the virus-mediated metastases reduction were analyzed. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that virus-treatment resulted in a drastically decrease of blood and lymph vessels, representing essential routes for PC-3 cell migration, in both tumors and metastases. Thus, GLV-1h68 drastically reduced essential routes for the metastatic spread of PC-3 cells. Furthermore, analysis of viral distribution  in GLV-1h68-injected tumor-bearing mice by plaque assays, revealed significantly  higher virus titers in metastases compared to solid tumors. To elucidate conditions potentially mediating the preferential viral colonization and eradication of metastases, microenvironmental components of uninfected tumors and metastases were compared by microscopic studies. These analyses revealed that PC-3 lymph node metastases showed increased vascular permeability, higher proliferation status of tumor cells as determined by BrdU- and Ki-67 assays and lesser necrosis of PC-3 cells than solid tumors. Moreover, an increased number of immune cells (MHCII(+)/CD68(+) macrophages, MHCII(+)/CD19(+) B lymphocytes) combined with an up-regulated expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines was observed in metastases in comparison to primary PC-3 tumors. We propose that these microenvironmental components mediated the metastatic tropism of GLV-1h68.  Therefore, vaccinia virus-based oncolytic virotherapy might offer a novel treatment of metastatic prostate carcinomas in humans.

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[1330]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Severe bleeding tendency caused by a rare complication of excessive fibrinolysis  with disseminated intravascular coagulation in a 51-year-old Japanese man with prostate cancer: a case report.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Med Case Rep. 2012 Nov 6;6(1):378. doi: 10.1186/1752-1947-6-378.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1186/1752-1947-6-378

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Wada Y; Uchiba M; Kawano Y; Kai N; Takahashi W; Honda J; Tanoue K; Maeda Y; Murakami Y; Eto M; Imamura T

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan. taka@kumamoto-u.ac.jp.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - INTRODUCTION: Disseminated intravascular coagulation causes thrombotic tendency leading to multiple organ failure and occurs in a wide variety of diseases including malignancy. Disseminated intravascular coagulation is a latent complication in people with prostate cancer. CASE PRESENTATION: A 51-year-old Japanese man with advanced castration-resistant prostate cancer was admitted to our hospital because of extensive purpura and severe anemia. Prolonged plasma coagulation time, hypofibrinogenemia and normal platelet count suggested that a decrease in fibrinogen induced a bleeding tendency causing purpura. However, elevated plasma levels of thrombin-antithrombin complex, fibrin and/or fibrinogen degradation products and D-dimers, with positive fibrin monomer test, manifested  disseminated intravascular coagulation and subsequent fibrinolysis. Plasma levels of thrombin-antithrombin complex, fibrin and/or fibrinogen degradation products and D-dimers decreased after administration of low-molecular-weight heparin. However, low fibrinogen and alpha2-antiplasmin levels were not improved and plasmin-antiplasmin complex did not decrease, which revealed excessive fibrinolysis complicated with disseminated intravascular coagulation. We suspected that prostate cancer cell-derived urokinase-type plasminogen activator  caused excessive fibrinolysis. Administration of tranexamic acid for fibrinogenolysis was added together with high-dose anti-androgen therapy (fosfestrol) for prostate cancer. Thereafter, prostate-specific antigen and plasmin-antiplasmin complex decreased, followed by normalized fibrinogen and alpha2-antiplasmin levels, and the patient eventually recovered from the bleeding tendency. Immunohistochemical staining of the biopsied prostate tissue exhibited  that the prostate cancer cells produced tissue factor, the coagulation initiator, and urokinase-type plasminogen activator. CONCLUSION: This patient with rare complications of disseminated intravascular coagulation and excessive fibrinolysis is a warning case of potential coagulation disorder onset in patients with prostate cancer. We propose that combined administration of tranexamic acid and low-molecular-weight heparin together with high-dose anti-androgen therapy is a useful therapeutic option for patients with this complicated coagulation disorder.

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[1331]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Redox- and expression-proteomic analysis of plasma biomarkers in bladder transitional cell carcinoma.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Mol Biosyst. 2012 Oct 30;8(12):3314-24. doi: 10.1039/c2mb25276g.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1039/c2mb25276g

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Lee YR; Chen YW; Tsai MC; Chou HC; Chan HL

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Medical Research, Chiayi Chirsitan Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Recent progress in quantitative proteomics has offered opportunities in discovering plasma proteins as biomarkers to track the progression and understand the molecular mechanisms of bladder transitional cell carcinoma (TCC). In this study, differential plasma protein levels and redox regulation were analyzed by lysine- and cysteine-labeling two-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE), and combined with matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of  flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS/MS). This study shows 50 and 34 plasma protein features that were significantly changed in protein expression and thiol  reactivity, respectively, and shows that plasma proteins involved in inflammatory responses are up-regulated in bladder TCC. In contrast, plasma proteins responsible for cytoskeleton and cytoskeleton regulation are down-regulated. In addition, plasma proteins involving cell adhesion, inflammatory responses, protease inhibitors, and plasma protein transport are shown to be altered in their thiol reactivity. In summary, we perform a comprehensive patient-based plasma proteomic approach for the identification of potential plasma biomarkers in bladder TCC screening and detection.

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[1332]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - N-cadherin expression in malignant germ cell tumours of the testis.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - BMC Clin Pathol. 2012 Oct 15;12(1):19. doi: 10.1186/1472-6890-12-19.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1186/1472-6890-12-19

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Bremmer F; Hemmerlein B; Strauss A; Burfeind P; Thelen P; Radzun HJ; Behnes CL

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Pathology, University Medical Centre Gottingen, Robert-Koch-Str, 40, 37075, Gottingen, Germany. felix.bremmer@med.uni-goettingen.de.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Testicular germ cell tumours (TGCTs) are the most common malignancy in young men aged 18-35 years. They are clinically and histologically subdivided  into seminomas and non-seminomas. Cadherins are calcium-dependent transmembrane proteins of the group of adhesion proteins. They play a role in the stabilization of cell-cell contacts, the embryonic morphogenesis, in the maintenance of cell polarity and signal transduction. N-cadherin (CDH2), the neuronal cadherin, stimulates cell-cell contacts during migration and invasion of cells and is able  to suppress tumour cell growth. METHODS: Tumour tissues were acquired from 113 male patients and investigated by immunohistochemistry, as were the three TGCT cell lines NCCIT, NTERA-2 and Tcam2. A monoclonal antibody against N-cadherin was used. RESULTS: Tumour-free testis and intratubular germ cell neoplasias (unclassified) (IGCNU) strongly expressed N-cadherin within the cytoplasm. In all seminomas investigated, N-cadherin expression displayed a membrane-bound location. In addition, the teratomas and yolk sac tumours investigated also differentially expressed N-cadherin. In contrast, no N-cadherin could be detected in any of the embryonal carcinomas and chorionic carcinomas examined. This expression pattern was also seen in the investigated mixed tumours consisting of  seminomas, teratomas, and embryonal carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS: N-cadherin expression can be used to differentiate embryonal carcinomas and chorionic carcinomas from other histological subtypes of TGCT.

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[1333]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Lower cyclooxygenase-2 expression is associated with recurrence of solitary non-muscle invasive bladder carcinoma.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Diagn Pathol. 2012 Nov 5;7:152. doi: 10.1186/1746-1596-7-152.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1186/1746-1596-7-152

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Tadin T; Krpina K; Stifter S; Babarovic E; Fuckar Z; Jonjic N

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Ultrasound Diagnostic Service, Health Centre Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia. medicina_ri@inet.hr

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: A new modality is necessary to prevent recurrence of superficial bladder cancer after complete transurethral resection because of the high recurrence rate even with current prophylaxis protocols. METHODS: In order to analyze the predictive value of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in recurrence of this disease tumor specimens from 127 patients with solitary papillary non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), 78 with recurrent disease and 49 without recurrence during follow up of  minimum 5 years, were retrieved for tissue microarrays construction and immunohistochemical analysis. COX-2 expression was scored according to Allred’s scoring protocol, while presence of TILs was categorized as absent (no) or present (yes) on whole tissue sections. RESULTS: COX-2 immunoreactivity was presented in 70 (71%), weak in 16% and strong in 55% of cases, while 29 (29%) tumors were negative. TILs were present in 64 (58%) NMIBC, while 44 cases (41%) did not reveal mononuclear infiltration in tumoral stroma. Statistical analysis demonstrated a higher proportion of patients with recurrence in the group with the COX-2 score 0, and lower in the group with score 2 (p=0.0001, p=0.0101, respectively). In addition, a higher proportion of recurrent patients in the group with no TILs, and lower proportion in the group with TILs were found (p=0.009, p=0.009, respectively). Univariate and multivariate analysis revealed overexpression of COX-2 and presence of TILs as negative predictors. CONCLUSION:  Patients with lower COX-2 expression and absence of TILs in NMIBC need to be followed up more vigorously and probably selected for adjuvant therapy. VIRTUAL SLIDE: The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/1411318819790406.

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[1334]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Expression and significance of histone H3K27 demethylases in renal cell carcinoma.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - BMC Cancer. 2012 Oct 12;12:470. doi: 10.1186/1471-2407-12-470.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1186/1471-2407-12-470

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Shen Y; Guo X; Wang Y; Qiu W; Chang Y; Zhang A; Duan X

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Laboratory of Iron Metabolism and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050016, China.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: The histone H3K27 demethylases UTX and JMJD3 are important regulatory factors that modulate gene expression by altering the physical state of chromatin. Previous studies have indicated an abnormal H3K27 methylation status in carcinogenesis. We therefore investigated the expression patterns of UTX and JMJD3 in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and their roles in cancer development. METHODS: The mRNA expression levels of the UTX and JMJD3 genes were determined in cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissues in 36 patients with primary RCC, using quantitative real-time-polymerase chain reaction. The UTX and JMJD3 protein contents were measured by western blotting and immunohistochemical analysis. RESULTS: UTX and JMJD3 transcripts were significantly increased in cancer tissues compared to normal tissues (P < 0.05). mRNA levels of the inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 p16INK4a were also increased in cancer tissues (P < 0.001). Western blotting indicated that levels of both demethylases were increased in cancer tissues. The level of tri-methylated H3K27 (H3K27me3) was lower in cancer tissues compared to normal tissues, but expression of the H3K27 methyltransferase EZH2 was increased (P < 0.05). These results suggest that the two H3K27 demethylases may play critical roles in the regulation of H3K27 methylation status in RCC. Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed that UTX and JMJD3 expression were upregulated in cancer tissues compared to adjacent tissues. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that UTX and JMJD3 were upregulated in cancer tissues, suggesting that they may be involved in the development of primary RCC. The potential roles of H3K27 demethylases as biomarkers in the early diagnosis of RCC need to be further explored.

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[1335]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - N-cadherin Expression in Testicular Germ Cell and Gonadal Stromal Tumors.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Cancer. 2012;3:381-9. doi: 10.7150/jca.5017. Epub 2012 Sep 11.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 7150/jca.5017

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Heidenberg DJ; Barton JH; Young D; Grinkemeyer M; Sesterhenn IA

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - 2. Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA ; 3. Center for Prostate Disease Research, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Neural-cadherin is a member of the cadherin gene family encoding the N-cadherin protein that mediates cell adhesion. N-cadherin is a marker of Sertoli cells and  is also expressed in germ cells of varying stages of maturation. The purpose of this study was to determine the presence and distribution of this protein by immunohistochemistry in 105 germ cell tumors of both single and mixed histological types and 12 gonadal stromal tumors. Twenty-four germ cell tumors consisted of one cell type and the remaining were mixed. Of the 23 seminomas in either pure or mixed tumors, 74% were positive. Two spermatocytic seminomas were  positive. Of the 83 cases with yolk sac tumor, 99% were positive for N-cadherin.  The teratomas were positive in 73% in neuroectodermal and / or glandular components. In contrast, 87% of embryonal carcinomas did not express N-cadherin.  Only 17% of the syncytiotrophoblastic cells were positive for N-cadherin. In conclusion, N-cadherin expression is very helpful in the identification of yolk sac tumors. In addition to glypican-3 and Sal-like protein 4, N-cadherin can be beneficial for the diagnosis and classification of this subtype of testicular germ cell tumor. Nine of the 12 gonadal stromal tumors were positive to a variable extent.

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[1336]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - The expression of pigment epithelium-derived factor in bladder transitional cell  carcinoma.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Korean J Pathol. 2012 Jun;46(3):261-5. doi: 10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2012.46.3.261.  Epub 2012 Jun 22.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 4132/KoreanJPathol.2012.46.3.261

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Jang TJ; Kim SW; Lee KS

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Pathology, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju, Korea.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is an anti-angiogenic factor. The purpose of this study is to examine the involvement of PEDF in the angiogenesis and biological behavior of bladder transitional cell carcinoma (TCC). METHODS: We examined the expression of PEDF in 99 bladder TCCs and ten non-neoplastic tissues, and evaluated microvessel density (MVD). RESULTS: The positive immunoreactivity for PEDF was seen in normal urothelium in 60% (6/10) and TCC in 13% (13/99). The PEDF expression had a significant correlation with MVD, i.e., a low MVD in 42% (5/12), a middle MVD in 11% (8/76) and a high MVD 0%  (0/11) of tumors. The PEDF expression was not significantly correlated with the differentiation and invasion of TCC, but the degree of MVD was significantly higher in both high grade TCC and the pT2 tumors. CONCLUSIONS: The degree of PEDF expression is significantly higher in normal bladder urothelium than bladder TCC; it is inversely correlated with the angiogenesis; and it is not related to the differentiation and progression of TCC. It can therefore be concluded that bladder TCC would initially occur if there is a lack of the PEDF expression.

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[1337]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Immunohistochemical expression of prostate tumour overexpressed 1 (PTOV1) in atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH) of the prostate: additional evidence linking (AAH) to adenocarcinoma.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Cell Oncol (Dordr). 2013 Feb;36(1):37-42. doi: 10.1007/s13402-012-0111-7. Epub 2012 Nov 7.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s13402-012-0111-7

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Mazzucchelli R; Scarpelli M; Barbisan F; Santinelli A; Lopez-Beltran A; Cheng L; Montironi R

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Section of Pathological Anatomy, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, School of Medicine, United Hospitals, Torrette, Ancona, Italy.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Prostate tumour overexpressed 1, PTOV1, was recently identified as a  novel gene and protein during a differential display screening for genes overexpressed in prostate cancer (PCa). It has been suggested that overexpression of PTOV1 can contribute to the proliferative status of prostate tumour cells and  thus to their biological behaviour. METHODS: PTOV1 and Ki67 were immunohistochemically evaluated in PCa, atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH), high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN), and normal-looking epithelium (NEp) of the transition zone (TZ) in 40 radical prostatectomies with pT2a Gleason score 6 PCa (20 with AAH and 20 with HGPIN) and in 10 simple prostatectomies (SPs) (5 with AAH and 5 with HGPIN). The aim was to evaluate PTOV1 protein expression as a marker for tumor development and progression from AAH to PCa. RESULTS: The proportions of PTOV1 and Ki67 positive cells increased from NEp through AAH and HGPIN to PCa. In particular, the mean Hscore of PTOV1 expression in AAH was 110.90, i.e., close to three times that of NEp (40.76), similar to that of HGPIN (105.61) and lower than that of PCa (137.03). The mean values in AAH and HGPIN associated with cancer in the RPs were slightly higher than in the SPs. CONCLUSION: Our findings related to PTOV1 expression in AAH, similar to those in HGPIN, provide additional evidence linking AAH to prostatic adenocarcinoma.

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[1338]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Superficial papillary urothelial neoplasms of the bladder (PTA E PT1): correlation of expression of P53, KI-67 and CK20 with histologic grade, recurrence and tumor progression.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Rev Col Bras Cir. 2012 Sep-Oct;39(5):394-400.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Ogata DC; Marcondes CA; Tuon FF; Busato WF Jr; Cavalli G; Czeczko LE

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Medical Research Institute, Evangelical Faculty of Parana / EvangelicalUniversity Hospital of Curitiba, Brazil. daniel.ogata@gmail.com

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - OBJECTIVE: To investigate the immunohistochemical expressions of p53, ki67, CK20  in superficial papillary urothelial neoplasms of the bladder and correlate them with histological grade, tumor progression and recurrence. METHODS: We selected samples of 43 patients with superficial transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. They were divided into two groups, one called Recurrent ®, with 18 individuals, and other Non-Recurrent (NR), with 25. Multi-sampling blocks were prepared. The immunohistochemical technique employed was immunoperoxidase, and the antibodies were: p53: Novocastra (clone DO7) at a dilution of 1/100; Ki67: Spring (clone SP6) at a dilution of 1/100; and CK20: Dako (clone K20 .8) at a dilution of 1/50. RESULTS: The expression of p53 was observed in 11 cases, six in the Recurrent group and five in the Non-Recurrent, all high-grade tumors (p = 0.0001). The histological progression occurred in six patients (p = 0.0076). Of the 18 Recurrent cases, six showed immunoreactivity for p53 and 12 were negative  for this antibody (p = 0.1715). Ki67 was positive in 17 of the 18 cases from the  Recurrent group (p = 0.0001) and, from 20 high-grade tumors, 18 showed reaction to this antibody (p = 0.0001). Of the 18 individuals who had recurrence, 13 showed anomalous expression for CK20 (p = 0.0166). In high-grade carcinomas, of the 20 cases, 16 showed anomalous expression for this antibody, while 18 of the 23 patients with low-grade tumors showed normal expression for CK20 (p = 0.0002). CONCLUSION: The p53 showed good correlation with histological progression and histologic grade. Ki67 was strongly associated with recurrence and histological grade, and CK20 was also associated with these variables.

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[1339]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Efficacy of Periprostatic Anesthesia according to Lidocaine Dose during Transrectal Ultrasound-Guided Biopsy of the Prostate.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Korean J Urol. 2012 Nov;53(11):750-4. doi: 10.4111/kju.2012.53.11.750. Epub 2012  Nov 14.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 4111/kju.2012.53.11.750

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Kang KS; Yeo JK; Park MG; Cho DY; Park SH; Park SS

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Inje University Seoul Paik Hospital, Seoul, Korea.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of periprostatic lidocaine injection according to lidocaine dose during transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The subjects of this study were 92 patients who had undergone transrectal ultrasound-guided 12-core biopsy of the prostate. The patients were randomly assigned to three groups: group 1 (n=31, no lidocaine injection), group 2 (n=30, periprostatic injection of 10 ml 1% lidocaine), and group 3 (n=31, periprostatic injection of 20 ml 1% lidocaine). The patients were assessed for pain by use of a 10-point visual analogue scale (VAS) and for other complications after the procedure. RESULTS: The mean VAS scores of groups 1 through 3 were 0.93+/-0.89, 1.32+/-1.37, and 1.13+/-1.10, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences between the three groups. However, the mean VAS score of the biopsy pain was 5.0+/-1.48, 3.93+/-1.94, and 3.60+/-2.15, in the same groups, respectively, with  statistically significant differences between group 1 and the other groups. Patients in groups 2 and 3 reported significantly less biopsy pain than did group 1 patients (p=0.004, 0.021), with no statistically significant difference in VAS  score between groups 2 and 3 (p=0.533). With respect to post-biopsy complications, there were no significant differences in the incidence of hematuria, hematospermia, rectal bleeding, or infection among the three groups. CONCLUSIONS: Periprostatic injection of local anesthesia with lidocaine was associated with significantly less pain than in the absence of anesthesia. Furthermore, a 20-ml dose of lidocaine produced no better pain control than did a 10-ml lidocaine dose for prostate biopsy.

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[1340]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Spontaneous regression of biopsy proven primary renal cell carcinoma: A case study.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Can Urol Assoc J. 2012 Oct;6(5):E203-5. doi: 10.5489/cuaj.11035.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 5489/cuaj.11035

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Jawanda GG; Drachenberg D

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Surgery, St. Boniface General Hospital, Winnipeg, MB.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Spontaneous regression of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a well-recognized and interesting phenomenon that is poorly understood and rarely documented. There are very few reported cases of spontaneously regressed primary RCC. We present a 63-year-old male with a biopsy-proven RCC that regressed with complete resolution of symptoms.

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[1341]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Kidney cancer in Sweden: A decrease in incidence and tumour stage, 1979 - 2001.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Scand J Urol. 2012 Nov 9.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 3109/00365599.2012.732608

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Lyrdal D; Aldenborg F; Holmberg E; Peeker R; Lundstam S

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Departments of 1Urology.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Abstract Objective. In the Western world the incidence of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has been increasing for several decades. In Sweden the incidence has decreased since 1980. This may reflect better health of the population. Another possible explanation could be a decrease in incidentally diagnosed RCC. Since these tumours are smaller, relatively more advanced tumours would then enter the  cancer registry. The aim of this study was to compare methods of detection of RCC, tumour characteristics and survival from three periods over a timespan of more than 20 years. Material and methods. Adult patients (n = 515) with RCC were  identified in a well-defined population-based area with the same incidence of RCC as the rest of Sweden. Patient data from three periods, 1979 - 1981 (A), 1989 - 1991 (B) and 1999 - 2001 (C), were collected for gender, age, tumour side, method of detection, tumour size, tumour type, metastasis, T stage and Fuhrman grade at  the time of diagnosis. Using the Swedish Cause-of-Death Register, cause-specific  survival was calculated. When available, tissue was reanalysed according to modern standards by an experienced pathologist. Results.The frequency of ultrasound and computed tomography increased and autopsy and intravenous pyelography decreased with time as the first detection method. There was a significant change towards smaller tumours and less severe stages and grades in more recent periods. Metastatic disease was most common in the first period. The  distribution between the different histological tumour types did not change over  time. Five-year cause-specific survival increased significantly from 41% to 63%.  Subgroup analysis found significantly increased survival for patients with no metastases or with low-grade tumours. Conclusion. The data support a true decrease in the incidence of RCC over time in Sweden with a migration towards lower tumour stages but no change in distribution between the different histological subtypes over time.

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[1342]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Sepia ink oligopeptide induces apoptosis in prostate cancer cell lines via caspase-3 activation and elevation of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Mar Drugs. 2012 Oct;10(10):2153-65. doi: 10.3390/md10102153. Epub 2012 Sep 27.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 3390/md10102153

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Huang F; Yang Z; Yu D; Wang J; Li R; Ding G

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - School of Food science and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial Key Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316000, China.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Sepia ink oligopeptide (SIO) is a tripeptide extracted from Sepia ink. To test the hypothesis that SIO inhibits prostate cancer by inducing apoptosis, the effects of SIO on the proliferation of three human prostate cancer cell lines were examined using a CCK-8 assay. SIO significantly inhibited the proliferation  of DU-145, PC-3 and LNCaP cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Flow cytometry studies showed that exposing DU-145, PC-3 and LNCaP cells to 5, 10, or  15 mg/mL SIO for 24 h increased the percentage of the early-stage apoptotic cells from 11.84% to 38.26% (DU-145), 22.76% to 39.96% (PC-3) and 5.05% to 16.11% (LNCaP), respectively. In addition, typical morphologic changes were observed in  the cells with acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining. SIO treatment induced strong S and G(2)/M phase cell cycle arrest in a dose-dependent manner in DU-145  and LNCaP. In contrast, SIO treatment induced strong Sub G(1) and G(0)/G(1) phase cell cycle arrest in a dose-dependent manner in PC-3. SIO exposure for 24 h decreased the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and increased the expression of the apoptogenic protein Bax. Moreover, the Bax/Bcl-2expression ratio was increased. Concurrently, the expression of caspase-3 was upregulated. These data support our hypothesis that SIO has anticarcinogenic properties.

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[1343]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Prognostic value of melanoma-associated antigen A9 in renal cell carcinoma.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Scand J Urol. 2012 Nov 12.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 3109/00365599.2012.740070

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Hatiboglu G; Pritsch M; Macher-Goeppinger S; Zoller M; Huber J; Haferkamp A; Pahernik S; Wagener N; Hohenfellner M

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Abstract Objective. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic relevance of melanoma-associated antigen (MAGE) A9 in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Material and methods. Immunohistochemical staining for MAGE A9 was evaluated in a tissue microarray containing 587 RCC tumour tissue samples. Nuclear MAGE A9 expression was reviewed using a semiquantitative score. Follow-up has been surveyed since 1990 in a prospectively conducted tumour database. The effect of MAGE A9 expression on cancer-specific survival (CSS) was assessed by univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. Subgroup analyses were performed for non-metastatic and metastatic disease. Results.Median age in all patients was 63.2 years, 354 patients were male and 233 female, and 108 patients had metastatic disease. Median follow-up was 5.6 years for all patients and 9.0 years for patients still alive (range 0-19.9 years). High nuclear MAGE A9 expression was present in 326 tumour specimens (55.5%). In multivariate analyses high nuclear MAGE A9 expression was associated with poor CSS (p = 0.0027). Furthermore, tumour stage, lymph-node and distant metastasis, Fuhrman grade G3/4, Karnofsky index < 80% and male gender were associated with poor CSS. In subgroup  analyses, results were concordant for patients with non-metastatic disease. In patients with metastatic disease, only Karnofsky index > 80% was a significant predictor for CSS; MAGE A9 expression could not be shown to be associated with CSS (p = 0.161). Conclusions.High nuclear MAGE A9 expression is independently associated with poor CSS in patients with non-metastatic RCC. The assessment of MAGE A9 expression can provide additional prognostic information and should be used in decision-making regarding adjuvant therapy in patients with non-metastatic disease.

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[1344]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Renal malakoplakia presenting as a renal mass in a 55-year-old man: a case report.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Med Case Rep. 2012 Nov 6;6(1):379. doi: 10.1186/1752-1947-6-379.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1186/1752-1947-6-379

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Abolhasani M; Jafari AM; Asgari M; Salimi H

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Oncopathology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran. m-abolhasani@sina.tums.ac.ir.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - INTRODUCTION: Malakoplakia is an uncommon chronic inflammatory condition that has a gross and microscopic appearance resembling that of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis. It is characterized by distinctive Michaelis-Gutmann bodies. Malakoplakia can affect any organ system but genitourinary tract involvement is the most common, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. Very rare cases have been reported to present as a unifocal lesion mimicking a renal tumor. CASE  PRESENTATION: We report a case of renal malakoplakia in a 55-year-old Iranian man with a past history of recurrent urinary tract infections who presented with left flank pain. An ultrasound study showed a large solid left renal mass, and he underwent a left radical nephrectomy with a clinical diagnosis of a renal tumor.  Pathology slides revealed the diffuse infiltration of sheets of Periodic Acid Schiff-positive histiocytes in his renal parenchyma; these cells showed strong immunoreactivity for CD 68. The final diagnosis was renal malakoplakia. CONCLUSION: Renal malakoplakia must be kept in mind for patients presenting with  a renal mass and a history of long-term recurrent renal infections or renal failure. The large, rapidly growing nodules of malakoplakia may mimic renal cell  carcinoma in imaging studies. In these cases, a true cut needle biopsy may help the correct diagnosis and prevent unnecessary surgery.

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[1345]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Lymphoma presenting as cancer of the glans penis: a case report.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Case Rep Pathol. 2012;2012:948352. doi: 10.1155/2012/948352. Epub 2012 Sep 29.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1155/2012/948352

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Stamatiou K; Pierris N

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Tzaneio General Hospital, Afendouli 1 Avenue, 18536 Piraeus, Greece.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Penile lymphoma is a very rare neoplasm. We report the case of an 82-year-old man who presented with phimosis. The patient also complained of frequent and painful  urination. Upon examination a painless penile ulcer and multiple enlarged inguinal lymph nodes were found. The shaft of the penis and the prostate were hard on palpation. Abdominal and transrectal ultrasound examination confirmed the involvement of the penis shaft and the prostate and also revealed involvement of  the urinary bladder. Biopsy showed diffuse, large B-cell lymphoma. The patient was treated with systemic chemotherapy with full remission of the disease. We review the literature relevant to penile lymphoma and discuss this uncommon condition.

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[1346]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Cytologic findings of clear cell adenocarcinoma of the urethra: a case report.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Korean J Pathol. 2012 Apr;46(2):210-4. doi: 10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2012.46.2.210.  Epub 2012 Apr 25.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 4132/KoreanJPathol.2012.46.2.210

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Han JY; Kim KH; Kim L; Choi SJ; Park IS; Kim JM; Chu YC; Yoon SM

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Pathology, Inha University Hospital, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the urethra is a rare disease entity with an uncertain histogenesis. Here, we present a case of primary clear cell adenocarcinoma of the female urethra with its cytological findings. A 54-year-old woman presented with a painless gross hematuria lasting 3 months. On vaginal sonography, there was a sausage-like, elongated mass in the urethra, measuring 3.8x4.3 cm. The voided urine cytology revealed small clusters of rounded or papillary cells. The necrotic debris and inflammatory cells were present within some clusters of tumor cells. These tumor cells were enlarged and had abundant clear or granular cytoplasm with cytoplasmic vacuoles. The nucleus was granular and contained vesicular chromatin with prominent nucleoli. The hobnail cells and  hyaline globules were also present as in a histologic section. The histologic findings were compatible with clear cell adenocarcinoma. The tumor showed distinctive cytological features. Cytologically, however, it is necessary to make a differential diagnosis from other adenocarcinoma or high-grade urothelial carcinoma.

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[1347]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Urachal mucinous tumor of uncertain malignant potential: a case report.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Korean J Pathol. 2012 Feb;46(1):83-6. doi: 10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2012.46.1.83. Epub 2012 Feb 23.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 4132/KoreanJPathol.2012.46.1.83

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Choi JW; Lee JH; Kim YS

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Pathology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, Korea.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Urachal mucinous tumor of uncertain malignant potential is very rare and is characterized by a multilocular cyst showing the proliferation of atypical mucin-secreting cells without stromal invasion. As in ovarian and appendiceal borderline tumors, it represents a transitional stage of mucinous carcinogenesis  in the urachus. In addition, this tumor may recur locally and develop into pseudomyxoma peritonei. Due to its scarcity and diagnostic challenges, we report  a mucinous tumor of uncertain malignant potential arising in the urachus.

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[1348]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Metastases of renal cell carcinoma to the larynx and thyroid: Two case reports on metastasis developing years after nephrectomy.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Can Urol Assoc J. 2012 Oct;6(5):E209-12. doi: 10.5489/cuaj.11255.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 5489/cuaj.11255

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Demir L; Erten C; Somali I; Can A; Dirican A; Bayoglu V; Kucukzeybek Y; Altinboga AA; Ermete M; Oztop RM; Tarhan MO

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Izmir Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Department of Medical Oncology, Izmir, Turkey;

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has a high metastatic potential due to its hematogen and vascular features. It metastasizes frequently to the lungs, the bones, the liver, the lymph nodes and the brain. Metastasis of RCC to the head and neck region is quite rare. In this case report, two RCC patients with head and neck metastases are presented: one occurring after 5 years and the other occurring 17  years after diagnosis.

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[1349]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - A unique case of an alpha-fetoprotein-producing lung cancer with testicular metastasis.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Can Urol Assoc J. 2012 Oct;6(5):364-6. doi: 10.5489/cuaj.11088.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 5489/cuaj.11088

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Willder JM; Thomson AM; Grigor KM; Howard G; Stewart GD

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland;

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)-producing primary lung tumours are rare; we present the first case of an AFP-producing lung tumour with metastasis to testes. The patient, a 72-year-old man, presented with a history of flu-like symptoms and abdominal pain. On examination he had a hard, tender left scrotal mass. Imaging showed a 4.4-cm right lower lobe lung mass and the serum-AFP was raised (1189 ng/mL). Left orchidectomy excised a necrotic tumour. Microscopy showed complete hemorrhagic infarction and immunohistochemistry showed a lack of staining for AFP. Serum-AFP rose 3 days post-orchidectomy to 1466 ng/mL. The patient subsequently developed melaena and died. Autopsy revealed a 9 x 5-cm necrotic right lower lobe lung tumour. Immunohistochemistry showed the tumour cells reacted with a pan-cytokeratin antibody and less than 5% expressed AFP. Bilateral adrenal tumour deposits were also identified in addition to those in the bowel and spleen. The expression of AFP solely in the lung lesion and lack of expression in both testes, together with a rise in serum-AFP post-orchidectomy and the bilateral adrenal metastases, is overwhelming evidence for the reversal of the usual situation: a poorly differentiated AFP-secreting metastatic lung adenocarcinoma.

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[1350]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Leiomyomata of the genitourinary tract: A case series from the “rare urological neoplasm” registry.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Scand J Urol. 2013 Apr;47(2):158-62. doi: 10.3109/00365599.2012.727466. Epub 2012 Oct 4.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 3109/00365599.2012.727466

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Oderda M; Mondaini N; Bartoletti R; Vigna D; Fiorito C; Marson F; Peraldo F; Bosio A; Maletta F; Pacchioni D; Gontero P

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - 1Departments of Urology 1.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Abstract Objective. Leiomyomata are benign neoplasms that are rarely encountered  in the genitourinary tract outside the uterus. Pathological confirmation is always needed for definitive diagnosis, in order to rule out malignancies such as leiomyosarcoma. In cases of small leiomyomata, a surveillance strategy can be suggested, although the preferred approach is complete resection. Prognosis seems to be excellent, but available data are based on few, inconsistent series, as is  often the case with rare neoplasms. This article presents long-term follow-up data from the most heterogeneous series, in terms of anatomical location, currently available. Material and methods. The present series of 33 genitourinary leiomyomata was retrieved after joining the “rare urogenital neoplasm” registry of two Italian regions. Two pathologists jointly reviewed all pathological slides and confirmed the diagnosis of leiomyoma. Results. Sixteen cases were localized to the scrotum, eight to the bladder, five to the kidney, two to the prostate, one to the urethra and one to the penis. Mean patient age was 58.4 (range 32-80)  years. Mean follow-up was 15.5 (range 2-20) years. Conclusions. In this highly heterogeneous series, the disease showed excellent long-term recurrence- and progression-free interval. The accuracy of pathological diagnosis, along with the indolent long-term course, make the role of active surveillance amenable for asymptomatic cases, particularly where surgery may result in overtreatment.

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[1351]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Metastatic transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder to the testis: a case report.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Case Rep Urol. 2012;2012:486245. doi: 10.1155/2012/486245. Epub 2012 Oct 22.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1155/2012/486245

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Kozak GN; Field NC

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Southern Alberta Institute of Urology, University of Calgary, Suite 6645, 7707-14 Street SW, Calgary, AB, Canada T2V 1P9.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - An 84-year-old gentleman presented with onset of gross hematuria in September 2010. Follow-up investigations revealed T1 superficially invasive, poorly differentiated, papillary urothelial carcinoma. He subsequently had GreenLight laser for BPH and bladder neck contracture on two occasions. He developed a right hydrocele 16 months after initial presentation and during his hydrocelectomy, a rock-hard right epididymis and testicle were discovered. Pathology revealed metastatic urothelial carcinoma replacing nearly the entire testis with lymphovascular invasion.

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[1352]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Acquired urethral diverticulum in a man with paraplegia presenting with a scrotal mass: a case report.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Med Case Rep. 2012 Nov 21;6(1):392. doi: 10.1186/1752-1947-6-392.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1186/1752-1947-6-392

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - El Ammari JE; Riyach O; Ahsaini M; Ahallal Y; El Fassi MJ; Farih MH

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, University Hospital Center Hassan II, New Fez 30000, Morocco. drahsaini@gmail.com.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - INTRODUCTION: Male urethral diverticula are rare. Patients with paraplegia may present with acquired diverticula as a result of prolonged catheterization. Diverticula may be asymptomatic or lead to lower urinary tract symptoms. Rarely,  the diverticulum may initially present as a scrotal mass. CASE PRESENTATION: We report the case of a male 45-year-old Arab with paraplegia who presented with a mass in the peno-scrotal junction. He had in his medical history iterative prolonged urethral catheterizations associated with urine leakage through the urethral meatus upon applying compression. Diagnosis confirmation of urethral diverticula is obtained by retrograde urethrography. The patient underwent a diverticulectomy with urethroplasty. CONCLUSION: Male acquired urethral diverticula can be found in patients who have a spinal cord injury because of prolonged urethral catheterization. Clinical presentations are different and sometimes can be misleading. Retrograde urethrography is the key to diagnosis and open surgery is the treatment of reference.

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[1353]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Osseous metaplasia and bone marrow elements in a case of renal cell carcinoma.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Case Rep Urol. 2012;2012:649257. doi: 10.1155/2012/649257. Epub 2012 Oct 17.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1155/2012/649257

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Ozkanli S; Yildirim A; Zemheri E; Keskin SK; Basok EK

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Departmant of Pathology, Goztepe Training and Research Hospital, SB Istanbul Medeniyet University, Doktor Erkin Caddesi, Kadikoy, 34722 Istanbul, Turkey.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Renal cell carcinoma with osseous metaplasia and bone marrow elements is a relatively rare event in these tumors. We discuss pathological differential diagnosis for this tumor with a review of the literature on this unusual case.

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[1354]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Metastatic renal cell carcinoma in a supraclavicular lymph node with no known primary: a case report.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Cancer Res. Acceso gratuito al texto completo a partir de 1 año de la fecha de publicación.

            ●● Enlace a la Editora de la Revista cancerres.aacrjournals.org/ 

            ●● Cita: Cancer Research: <> Treat. 2012 Sep;44(3):215-8. doi: 10.4143/crt.2012.44.3.215. Epub 2012 Sep 30.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 4143/crt.2012.44.3.215

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Choi YR; Han HS; Lee OJ; Lim SN; Kim MJ; Yeon MH; Jeon HJ; Lee KH; Kim ST

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Although metastasis is relatively frequent in cases of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), metastasis in the cervical or supraclavicular lymph node (LN) is relatively rare. Moreover, cases of metastatic RCC with a non-identifiable kidney mass are extremely rare. Here, the authors report a case of metastatic RCC in a supraclavicular LN without a primary kidney lesion. A 69-year-old man presented with a progressively enlarging right supraclavicular mass. Incisional biopsy of the affected supraclavicular LN was performed, and histological examination revealed metastatic RCC. However, no tumor was found in either kidney, despite various examinations. The patient was treated with radiotherapy followed by sunitinib. After three months on sunitinib, a follow-up computed tomography scan  revealed that the supraclavicular LN had markedly decreased, and after 20 months, the disease had not progressed. This case suggests that, even when there is no primary kidney lesion, clinicians must consider the possibility of metastatic RCC when evaluating patients with clear cell carcinoma with an unknown primary site.

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[1355]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - A rare case of metastatic lung cancer to the bladder.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Can Urol Assoc J. 2012 Aug;6(4):E147-9. doi: 10.5489/cuaj.11129.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 5489/cuaj.11129

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Karle W; Barazani Y; Tareen B

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York NY;

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Cancer metastasis to the bladder from non-contiguous sites is very rare. Lung metastasis to the bladder is even more uncommon, with an extensive literature search identifying only four documented cases in the past 20 years. Of these four cases, only one was from lung adenocarcinoma. In this report, we present the case of a 66-year-old male with known lung adenocarcinoma found to have the incidental finding of a bladder mass upon computed tomography imaging. Histochemical staining of samples from the bladder confirmed metastatic dissemination from the  primary lung malignancy.

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[1356]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Immunohistochemistery study in a case of nephrogenic adenoma of bladder.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Iran J Med Sci. 2012 Jun;37(2):137-40.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Safaei A; Farzaneh MR; Amin Sharifi AR

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Pathology, Molecular Pathology and Cytogenetic Ward, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Nephrogenic adenoma is a rare benign lesion of bladder that may be confused with  malignant lesions. There is a strong relation with urinary tract irritation and intravesicle instrumentations. Nephrogenic adenoma was initially thought to originate from urothelial metaplasia; however, no solid proof is available. We present a case of 55-year-old lady with urinary problem. Cystocopic examination showed a sessile mass, and biopsy revealed circumscribed proliferation of tubules, cysts, and papillae that were lined by low cuboidal to columnar epithelial cells. Nephrogenic adenoma can be a significant diagnostic pitfall due to the presence of certain histological features such as the presence of enlarged nuclei with prominent nucleoli. Immunohistochemistery study was strongly positive for CK7, P504S, CD10, and EMA, but negative for CK20, PSA, and P63.

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[1357]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Combined application of cytology and molecular urine markers to improve the detection of urothelial carcinoma.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Cancer Cytopathol. 2012 Nov 21. doi: 10.1002/cncy.21247.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1002/cncy.21247

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Todenhofer T; Hennenlotter J; Esser M; Mohrhardt S; Tews V; Aufderklamm S; Gakis G; Kuehs U; Stenzl A; Schwentner C

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, University Hospital Tubingen, Tubingen, Germany.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: The sensitivity of cytology for the detection of urothelial carcinoma (UC) is limited. Newer methods such as fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), immunocytology (uCyt+), and protein markers have been developed to improve urine-based detection of UC. As only little is known regarding the combined application of these markers, we investigated whether combinations of 4 of the most broadly available tests (cytology, FISH, uCyt+, and nuclear matrix protein 22 [NMP22-ELISA]) may improve their diagnostic performance. METHODS: The study was comprised of 808 patients who were suspected of having UC. All patients underwent urethrocystoscopy and upper urinary tract imaging and, in the case of positive findings, transurethral resection/biopsy. FISH, uCyt+, cytology, and NMP22-ELISA were performed in all patients. RESULTS: UC was diagnosed in 115 patients (14.2%). Cytology and FISH were found to be the single tests with the best overall performance (area under the curve [AUC], 0.78/0.79). Combinations of 2, 3, and 4 markers were found to increase the AUC to various extents compared with the use of single markers. Combining cytology and FISH improved the sensitivity and performance (AUC, 0.83) compared with the single tests and identified 12 tumors that were not detected by cytology alone. The percentage of  WHO grade 3/carcinoma in situ tumors not detected by cytology was reduced by 62.5% when FISH was performed in cytology-negative patients. The addition of uCyt+ as a third test further improved performance (AUC, 0.86), whereas the addition of NMP22-ELISA was not found to have any additional influence on the performance of the test combination. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the current study support the combined use of urine markers and may form the basis of further studies investigating whether risk stratification based on urine marker combinations may individualize diagnostic algorithms and the surveillance of patients suspected of having UC. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.

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[1358]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Moving beyond the prostate: benefits in broadening the scope of research on men and cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Am J Mens Health. 2013 Mar;7(2):138-41. doi: 10.1177/1557988312463420. Epub 2012  Oct 17.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1177/1557988312463420

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Wenger LM; Oliffe JL

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Lisa.Wenger@nursing.ubc.ca

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - As researchers recognize the value in considering gender dynamics within the cancer experience, a majority of the masculinities work has centered on men with  prostate cancer. This focus has positioned prostate cancer as the flagship of men’s cancer (and perhaps men’s health). There is value in this research. However, as 78% of men experience cancers of a different type, a narrow focus on  prostate cancer does not necessarily account for broader intersections of cancer  and masculinity. Argued here are the benefits to expanding the focus of research  on men’s cancer experiences. As researchers consider patterns and diversities among men managing an array of cancers, there is opportunity to broaden understanding of the challenges “cancer” can present for men, disrupt assumptions that the study of men’s gendered experience of cancer must be tethered to male sex-specific biology, and enhance the relevance and impact of psychosocial interventions for men living with cancer.

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[1359]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - African-American men with low-grade prostate cancer have higher tumor burdens: results from the Duke Prostate Center.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 2013 Mar;16(1):91-4. doi: 10.1038/pcan.2012.39. Epub 2012 Oct 2.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1038/pcan.2012.39

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Tsivian M; Banez LL; Keto CJ; Abern MR; Qi P; Gerber L; Moul JW; Polascik TJ

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Duke Prostate Center, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: To investigate racial differences in tumor burden (cancer volume, cancer percentage and cancer to PSA ratios) in a large cohort of men undergoing radical prostatectomy (RP). METHODS: Demographic, clinical and pathological data  of patients undergoing RP between 1993-2010 were reviewed and compared between African-American (AA) and non African-American (nAA) men. Further assessments of  pathological tumor burden (estimated tumor volume, percent of cancer involvement, and estimated tumor volume/PSA ratios) were performed across Gleason score categories. RESULTS: Of 4157 patients in the analysis, 604 (14.5%) were AA. Overall, AA patients were younger, had higher Gleason scores, PSA levels and incidence of palpable disease (all P < 0.001). Despite comparable prostate weights (39.4 vs. 39.6 g), AA men had higher percent cancer involvement and estimated tumor volume (all P < 0.001) but similar estimated tumor volume/PSA ratios ( P> 0.05). When stratified by Gleason scores, prostate weights were comparable; however, estimated tumor volume, percent cancer involvement and estimated tumor volume/PSA ratios were higher in AA men with low grade (</= 6) prostate cancer (PCa), similar in intermediate grade (7-8) and lower in high grade (9-10) PCa compared to nAA men. CONCLUSIONS: In this large series, AA patients had higher disease burden (estimated tumor volume, percent cancer involvement, estimated tumor volume/PSA ratios) compared to nAA but this association was especially pronounced in low grade (Gleason </= 6) cancers. These data depict a complex picture of relations between race and tumor burden across the spectrum of PCa aggressiveness. Further investigation is warranted to understand the mechanisms of racial disparities in PCa.

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[1360]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Educating Men About Prostate Cancer in the Workplace.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Am J Mens Health. 2012 Nov 14.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1177/1557988312467050

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Ilic D

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - 1Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Prostate cancer is a common cancer affecting men worldwide. Few men access health services with respect to early detection. Workplace health education initiatives  can promote behavior change in men. A total of 12 in-depth interviews with men were conducted in this study to examine how a workplace-based educational campaign on prostate cancer influences the knowledge, awareness, and beliefs of male workers on screening for prostate cancer. Analyses of interview transcripts  identified that men had a poor overall knowledge about prostate cancer, its screening, and treatment. Participants were receptive to the introduction of workplace-based health education initiatives to promote men’s health issues but recommended an integrated health approach that incorporated information delivered by medical professionals, cancer survivors, supplemented with existing patient education materials. Further research is required to formally evaluate the impact of workplace-based education strategies on men’s health.

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[1361]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Comparison between neoadjuvant and adjuvant gemcitabine plus cisplatin chemotherapy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Asia Pac J Clin Oncol. 2012 Nov 6. doi: 10.1111/ajco.12017.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1111/ajco.12017

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Matsubara N; Mukai H; Naito Y; Nezu M; Itoh K

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Division of Oncology and Hematology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - AIM: Radical cystectomy plus platinum-based perioperative chemotherapy is a standard treatment for patients with clinically localized muscle-invasive bladder cancer. The standard perioperative chemotherapy is methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin and cisplatin (MVAC). However, no prospective randomized trial has been published that compares neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy for bladder cancer. Moreover, the efficacy of perioperative chemotherapy with gemcitabine plus cisplatin (GC) has not been clarified. In this study we have compared the clinical outcomes between neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy in patients receiving GC. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the records of patients who were scheduled to be treated with a radical cystectomy plus perioperative chemotherapy with GC from 2005 to 2010 at our institution. The primary outcome measure was recurrence-free survival (RFS). RESULTS: A total of 42 patients received perioperative chemotherapy with GC (25 neoadjuvant, 17 adjuvant). The median number of cycles of GC administered to the two groups was not significantly different. The median duration of follow up was 28.6 months. During the follow-up period, recurrence was observed in nine and three patients in the neoadjuvant and adjuvant groups, respectively. The RFS rate at median follow up was 67 and 76% in the neoadjuvant and adjuvant groups, respectively. No significant difference in RFS at median follow up was observed between the two groups (P = 0.124). CONCLUSION: Our results showed no statistically significant difference in RFS between neoadjuvant and adjuvant GC chemotherapy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer. We expect to validate these findings in a prospective randomized trial.

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[1362]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Canine testicular tumours: a retrospective investigation in Abruzzo and Molise, Italy.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Vet Ital. 2012 Jul;48(3):329-33, 335-9.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - D’Angelo AR; Vita S; Marruchella G; Di Francesco G

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Diagnostic Microbiology, Pathology, Parasitology and Mycology Unit, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise ‘G. Caporale’, Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy. a.dangelo@izs.it

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Canine testicular tumours frequently occur and share relevant features with their human counterparts, thus being a putative model in comparative oncology. The authors present data on canine testicular tumours submitted to the Istituto G. Caporale over the last 12 years. In total, 183 testicular neoplasms were diagnosed: 108 seminomas, 37 Sertoli cell tumours, 18 interstitial Leydig cell tumours, 10 mixed tumours, 9 other primary tumours and one metastatic neoplasm. A systematic and more detailed collection of data (signalling, history, clinical signs and follow-up) enables a better evaluation of clinical and biological features of animal tumours, as well as a clear assessment of the real impact, if  any, of specific intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors.

 

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[1363]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Interleukin-11, an interleukin-6-like cytokine, is a promising predictor for bladder cancer prognosis.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Mol Med Rep. 2013 Feb;7(2):684-8. doi: 10.3892/mmr.2012.1199. Epub 2012 Nov 23.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 3892/mmr.2012.1199

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Wu D; Tao J; Ding J; Qu P; Lu Q; Zhang W

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong Medical College, Yancheng City No. 1 People’s Hospital, Nanjing, P.R. China.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Numerous studies have suggested that interleukin 11 (IL-11) has roles in human gastric, prostate and bone cancer and endometrial carcinoma. Hence, we evaluated  the expression of IL-11 in bladder cancer and the correlation of IL-11 levels and clinico-pathological features. The expression of IL-11 in primary human bladder cell culture, human bladder cancer cell lines, transitional cell carcinoma (TCC)  and non-cancerous bladder tissues (NATs) were analyzed by western blotting. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for urinary IL-11 was performed to compare the IL-11 levels in healthy subjects and subjects diagnosed with bladder  cancer. Our study suggested that the expression of IL-11 in human bladder cancer  cell lines and TCC was downregulated compared with primary human bladder cell culture and matched NATs. We also demonstrated reduced urinary levels of IL-11 in subjects with bladder cancer compared with healthy subjects. Furthermore, we revealed that the levels of IL-11 were associated with tumor grade and stage. The results suggested that reduced levels of IL-11 may play an important role in the  carcinogenesis and progression of TCC. They also indicated that IL-11 may be a promising predictor for prognosis of TCC.

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[1364]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - The Johns Hopkins Hospital template for urologic cytology samples: part I-creating the template.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Cancer Cytopathol. 2013 Jan;121(1):15-20. doi: 10.1002/cncy.21255. Epub 2012 Nov  28.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1002/cncy.21255

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Rosenthal DL; Vandenbussche CJ; Burroughs FH; Sathiyamoorthy S; Guan H; Owens C

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland 21287-6940, USA. drosenthal@jhmi.edu

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: The most important indicator for urologic surgeons at The Johns Hopkins Hospital to have a patient undergo cystoscopy is a cytologic diagnosis of high-grade urothelial carcinoma. The template was designed to standardize diagnostic categories so clinicians can manage their patients uniformly. The template was based in part on the Bethesda System for cervical cytology. METHODS: According to the template, reactive/inflammatory changes were included in the negative group (no urothelial atypia or malignancy identified). The category atypical urothelial cells of undetermined significance (AUC-US) was akin to atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US), as was the category of atypical urothelial cells, favor high-grade carcinoma (AUC-H). The categories high-grade urothelial carcinoma (HGUC) and low-grade urothelial carcinoma also were added. RESULTS: The Pathology Data System at the Johns Hopkins Hospital was searched for cases that met the following criteria over a period from July 1, 2007 to June 30, 2009: all cytologic specimens from the urinary tract and all surgical specimens with a diagnosis of HGUC, regardless of  invasion status. All cytologic specimens were then matched with biopsies during the same period, and all surgical specimens from patients who had a cytologic diagnosis of AUC-US or AUC-H were retrieved for 18 months after the end of the 2-year study period. Greater than 50% of patients who had biopsy-confirmed HGUC had a preceding cytologic diagnosis of AUC-H or HGUC. When patients with AUC-US were added to the analysis, 80% of patients with HGUC had at least 1 abnormal urinary cytology result. Of those patients who had a diagnosis of AUC-H, 38% had  urothelial cancer discovered at biopsy compared with only 10% of those with an AUC-US diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: The authors concluded that their template is effective in targeting those patients who need to undergo cystoscopy.

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[1365]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Relationship between Body Mass Index and Overactive Bladder in Women and Correlations with Urodynamic Evaluation.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Int Neurourol J. 2012 Sep;16(3):126-31. doi: 10.5213/inj.2012.16.3.126. Epub 2012 Sep 30.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 5213/inj.2012.16.3.126

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Al-Shaiji TF; Radomski SB

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: Overactive bladder (OAB) is a common condition. In women, studies have shown that the prevalence of OAB is positively related to increasing body mass index (BMI). Our objective was to define a relationship between BMI and OAB through correlation with urodynamic study (UDS). METHODS: A prospective study was conducted. Ambulatory women aged 18 years or older who had symptoms of OAB for at least 3 months were enrolled. Patients answered a questionnaire, had their weight and height recorded, and underwent UDS. Patients were categorized into 3 groups as follows: group 1, BMI<25; group 2, BMI 25 to 29.9; and group 3, BMI>/=30. RESULTS: A total of 113 patients were examined (group 1, n=32; group 2, n=40; group 3, n=41). The patients’ mean ages were 50, 55, and 59 years for groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively (P<0.05). Group 3 showed a significant increase in the incidence of subjective mixed leakage and the number of pads used compared with groups 1 and 2. No significant differences were seen among the groups in duration of symptoms, OAB V-8 score, or the incidence of subjective urgency or stress leakage. The UDS parameters of groups 1, 2, and 3 showed no statistically significant differences for most variables. Group 3 showed a significant increase in the incidence of urge leakage by UDS compared with group 2 only. CONCLUSIONS:  Increasing BMI was age related. A BMI>/=30 showed a higher incidence of subjective urinary mixed leakage and pad use. UDS showed no significant correlation between OAB and any BMI category for most UDS parameters.

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[1366]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Single-fraction stereotactic body radiotherapy for spinal metastases from renal cell carcinoma.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Neurosurg Spine. 2012 Dec;17(6):556-64. doi: 10.3171/2012.8.SPINE12303. Epub 2012 Sep 28.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 3171/2012.8.SPINE12303

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Balagamwala EH; Angelov L; Koyfman SA; Suh JH; Reddy CA; Djemil T; Hunter GK; Xia P; Chao ST

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - OBJECT: Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) has emerged as an important treatment option for spinal metastases from renal cell carcinoma (RCC) as a means to overcome RCC’s inherent radioresistance. The authors reviewed the outcomes of  SBRT for the treatment of RCC metastases to the spine at their institution, and they identified factors associated with treatment failure. METHODS: Fifty-seven patients (88 treatment sites) with RCC metastases to the spine received single-fraction SBRT. Pain relief was based on the Brief Pain Inventory and was adjusted for narcotic use according to the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group protocol 0631. Toxicity was scored according to Common Toxicity Criteria for Adverse Events version 4.0. Radiographic failure was defined as infield or adjacent (within 1 vertebral body [VB]) failure on follow-up MRI. Multivariate analyses were performed to correlate outcomes with the following variables: epidural, paraspinal, single-level, or multilevel disease (2-5 sites); neural foramen involvement; and VB fracture prior to SBRT. Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards modeling were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The median follow-up and survival periods were 5.4 months (range 0.3-38 months) and 8.3 months (range 1.5-38 months), respectively. The median time to radiographic failure and unadjusted pain progression were 26.5 and 26.0 months, respectively.  The median time to pain relief (from date of simulation) and duration of pain relief (from date of treatment) were 0.9 months (range 0.1-4.4 months) and 5.4 months (range 0.1-37.4 months), respectively. Multivariate analyses demonstrated  that multilevel disease (hazard ratio [HR] 3.5, p = 0.02) and neural foramen involvement (HR 3.4, p = 0.02) were correlated with radiographic failure; multilevel disease (HR 2.3, p = 0.056) and VB fracture (HR 2.4, p = 0.046) were correlated with unadjusted pain progression. One patient experienced Grade 3 nausea and vomiting; no other Grade 3 or 4 toxicities were observed. Twelve treatment sites (14%) were complicated by subsequent vertebral fractures. CONCLUSIONS: Stereotactic body radiotherapy for RCC metastases to the spine offers fast and durable pain relief with minimal toxicity. Stereotactic body radiotherapy seems optimal for patients who have solitary or few spinal metastases. Patients with neural foramen involvement are at an increased risk for failure.

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[1367]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - The Prostate Cancer Detection Rate on the Second Prostate Biopsy according to Prostate-Specific Antigen Trend.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Korean J Urol. 2012 Oct;53(10):686-90. doi: 10.4111/kju.2012.53.10.686. Epub 2012 Oct 19.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 4111/kju.2012.53.10.686

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Kim HS; Lee CY; Lim DH; Kim CS; Baik S

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Chosun University School of Medicine, Gwangju, Korea.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: To identify the prostate cancer detection rate on the patients who had second prostate biopsy out of the patients who were reported negative in their first biopsy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From July 2006 to February 2012, prostate biopsy was performed on 843 patients with over 4 ng/ml and on 618 biopsy negative patients PSA was performed from between 6 months and 9 months after biopsy. On 164 patients, second biopsy was performed, and 42 patients were selected. If there was less than 10% change between PSA before the prostate biopsy and PSA measured during 6 to 9 months after the first biopsy it was considered as no change. If above 10% increase, it was considered increase and if above 10% decrease it was considered as decrease. RESULTS: The cancer detection rate in PSA increase group was 20%, the detection rate in no change in PSA level but still over the normal range group 8.3%, and that in the PSA decrease group was 0%. When comparing prostate cancer group and non-cancer group, it is more probable to have prostate cancer when they are older, prostate volume is smaller and PSA density is higher. CONCLUSIONS: The second biopsy is strongly recommended when PSA level  shows no change or increase, age is older, prostate volume is smaller or PSA density is higher.

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[1368]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Comparison of quality of life after stereotactic body radiotherapy and surgery for early-stage prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Radiat Oncol. 2012 Nov 20;7:194. doi: 10.1186/1748-717X-7-194.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1186/1748-717X-7-194

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Katz A; Ferrer M; Suarez JF

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Flushing Radiation Oncology, Flushing, NY 11354, USA. akatzmd@msn.com

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: As the long-term efficacy of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) becomes established and other prostate cancer treatment approaches are refined and improved, examination of quality of life (QOL) following prostate cancer treatment is critical in driving both patient and clinical treatment decisions. We present the first study to compare QOL after SBRT and radical prostatectomy, with QOL assessed at approximately the same times pre- and post-treatment and using the same validated QOL instrument. METHODS: Patients with clinically localized prostate cancer were treated with either radical prostatectomy (n = 123 Spanish patients) or SBRT (n = 216 American patients). QOL was assessed using the Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite (EPIC) grouped into urinary, sexual, and bowel domains. For comparison purposes, SBRT EPIC data  at baseline, 3 weeks, 5, 11, 24, and 36 months were compared to surgery data at baseline, 1, 6, 12, 24, and 36 months. Differences in patient characteristics between the two groups were assessed using Chi-squared tests for categorical variables and t-tests for continuous variables. Generalized estimating equation (GEE) models were constructed for each EPIC scale to account for correlation among repeated measures and used to assess the effect of treatment on QOL. RESULTS: The largest differences in QOL occurred in the first 1-6 months after treatment, with larger declines following surgery in urinary and sexual QOL as compared to SBRT, and a larger decline in bowel QOL following SBRT as compared to surgery. Long-term urinary and sexual QOL declines remained clinically significantly lower for surgery patients but not for SBRT patients. CONCLUSIONS:  Overall, these results may have implications for patient and physician clinical decision making which are often influenced by QOL. These differences in sexual, urinary and bowel QOL should be closely considered in selecting the right treatment, especially in evaluating the value of non-invasive treatments, such as SBRT.

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[1369]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Renal angiomyoadenomatous tumour: Imaging features.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Can Urol Assoc J. 2012 Aug;6(4):E140-3. doi: 10.5489/cuaj.11072.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 5489/cuaj.11072

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Sahni VA; Hirsch MS; Silverman SG

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Division of Abdominal Imaging and Intervention, Department of Radiology, Brigham  and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA;

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Renal angiomyoadenomatous tumour is a rare, recently described neoplasm with a distinctive histological appearance. Although reported in the pathology literature, to our knowledge, no prior reports have described its imaging appearance. We describe the computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging features of an incidentally detected renal angiomyoadenomatous tumour that appeared as a well-marginated, solid T2-hypointense enhancing mass, in a 50-year-old woman. It is indistinguishable from a variety of benign and malignant renal neoplasms.

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[1370]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - The effect of lowering the prostate-specific antigen normal cutoff on referral rates to urology.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Am Board Fam Med. 2012 Nov-Dec;25(6):927-9. doi: 10.3122/jabfm.2012.06.120172.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 3122/jabfm.2012.06.120172

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Shenker BS; Stern J

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Freehold, NJ 07728,  USA. bshenker@centrastate.com

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Routine prostate cancer screening is controversial, yet the use of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) for screening is likely to continue. Our hospital laboratory decreased the cutoff for normal PSA to 2.5 ng/mL on July 2, 2007, based on the National Comprehensive Screening Network recommendations. The purpose of this study was to determine if referral rates to urology increased after this change. METHODS: We queried our electronic health records to obtain the number of total screening PSA and abnormal PSA and subsequent referrals to urology in the 20-month periods before and after the change in PSA cutoff. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the percentage of total screening PSA that resulted in a referral to urology after the change than before (7 of 199 [3.5%] vs 8 of 113 [7.1%]; P = .16). The percentage of abnormal PSA (as defined in the respective time periods) that were referred to urology actually decreased after the change (7 of 29 [24.1%] vs 6 of 10 [60.0%]; P = .04); however, when considering only PSA >4.0 ng/mL in each time period, there was no difference in percentage of referrals between the 2 periods. CONCLUSIONS: Contrary to expectations, lowering the cutoff for normal PSA did not increase referrals to urology.

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[1371]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - The 1973 WHO Classification is more suitable than the 2004 WHO Classification for predicting prognosis in Non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - PLoS One. 2012;7(10):e47199. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047199. Epub 2012 Oct 17.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1371/journal.pone.0047199

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Chen Z; Ding W; Xu K; Tan J; Sun C; Gou Y; Tong S; Xia G; Fang Z; Ding Q

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Pathology, Huashan Hospital affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Predicting the recurrence and progression of Non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer(NMIBC) is critical for urologist. Histological grade provides significant prognostic information, especially for prediction of progression. Currently, the 1973 and the 2004 WHO classification co-exist. Which system is better for predicting rumor recurrence and progression still a matter for debate. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: 348 patients diagnosed with Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer were enrolled in our retrospective study. Paraffin sections were assessed by an experienced urological pathologist according to both the 1973 and  2004 WHO classifications. Tumor recurrence and progression was followed-up in all patients. During follow-up, corresponding 5-year recurrence-free survival rates of G1, G2 and G3 were 82.1%, 55.9%, 32.1% and the 5-year progression-free survival rates were 95.9%, 84.4% and 43.3%, respectively. The 5-year recurrence-free survival rates of papillary urothelial neoplasm of low malignant  potential (PUNLMP), low-grade papillary urothelial carcinoma(LGPUC) and high-grade papillary urothelial carcinoma (HGPUC) were 69.8%, 67.1% and 42.0% respectively and the 5-year progression-free survival rates were 100%, 90.9% and  54.8% respectively. In multivariate analysis, the 1973 WHO classification significantly associated with both tumor recurrence and progression(p=0.010 and p=0.022, respectively); the 2004 WHO classification correlated with tumor progression(p=0.019), while was not proved to be a variable that can predict the  risk of recurrence(p=0.547). Kaplan-Meier plots showed that both the 1973 WHO and the 2004 WHO classifications were significantly associated with progression-free  survival (p<0.0001, log-rank test). For prediction of recurrence, significant differences were observed between the tumor grades classified using the 1973 WHO  grading system (p<0.0001, log-rank test), while a significant overlap was observed between PUNLMP and LG plots using the 2004 WHO grading system(p=0.616, log-rank test). CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Both the 1973 WHO and the 2004 WHO Classifications are effective in predicting tumor progression in Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer, while the 1973 WHO Classification is more suitable for predicting tumor recurrence.

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[1372]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Testicular capillary haemangioma.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Br J Hosp Med (Lond). 2012 Oct;73(10):591.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Rajpal S; Venugopal S; Inman R; Fernando M

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK. sanjudoc2000@gmail.com

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[1373]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Dendritic cell-directed vaccination with a lentivector encoding PSCA for prostate cancer in mice.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - PLoS One. 2012;7(11):e48866. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048866. Epub 2012 Nov 6.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1371/journal.pone.0048866

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Xiao L; Joo KI; Lim M; Wang P

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University  of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Many studies have demonstrated that prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA) is an attractive target for immunotherapy based on its overexpression in prostate tumor tissue, especially in some metastatic tissues. In this study, we evaluated dendritic cell (DC)-directed lentiviral vector (DCLV) encoding murine PSCA (DCLV-PSCA) as a novel tumor vaccine for prostate cancer in mouse models. We showed that DCLV-PSCA could preferentially deliver the PSCA antigen gene to DC-SIGN-expressing 293T cells and bone marrow-derived DCs (BMDCs). Direct immunization with the DCLV-PSCA in male C57BL/6 mice elicited robust PSCA-responsive CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cells in vivo. In a transgenic adenocarcinoma mouse prostate cell line (TRAMP-C1) synergetic tumor model, we further demonstrated that DCLV-PSCA-vaccinated mice could be protected from lethal tumor  challenge in a prophylactic model, whereas slower tumor growth was observed in a  therapeutic model. This DCLV-PSCA vaccine also showed efficacy in inhibiting tumor metastases using a PSCA-expressing B16-F10 model. Taken together, these data suggest that DCLV is a potent vaccine carrier for PSCA in delivering anti-prostate cancer immunity.

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[1374]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Second to fourth digit ratio and prostate cancer severity.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 2013 Mar;16(1):107-10. doi: 10.1038/pcan.2012.46.  Epub 2012 Nov 13.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1038/pcan.2012.46

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Waters M; Rebholz CM; Wood B; Kuske A; McIntyre M; Sartor O

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: The ratio of the second to the fourth digit (2D:4D ratio) is a sexually dimorphic trait established in utero that differs between ethnic groups. It is associated with prenatal androgen exposure, and studies have evaluated the  ratio as a marker for certain traits and disease states known to be associated with higher levels of in utero androgens, such as prostate cancer. There are currently no screening tools that stratify men with prostate cancer according to  the severity of their disease. This study aims to investigate the 2D:4D ratio as  a potential marker for prostate cancer severity. Our hypothesis was that lower digit ratios, representing higher in utero androgen exposure, would be associated with more severe disease. METHODS: Measurements were taken of the second and fourth digits of the right hand of male patients diagnosed with prostate cancer.  Gleason score, presence of metastasis, family history, age at diagnosis and race  were recorded. The distribution of demographic and other patient characteristics  were compared with digit ratios to determine relationships. RESULTS: African-American men with prostate cancer are 3.70 times more likely to have a low 2D:4D digit ratio than Caucasian men with prostate cancer (95% confidence interval: 1.98, 6.92; P < 0.0001). There were no statistically significant differences in the presence of metastasis, Gleason score, family history or age at diagnosis by digit ratio. CONCLUSION: 2D:4D ratio shows strong differences between African-Americans and Caucasians; however, it does not correlate with disease severity in men already diagnosed with prostate cancer. Although this is  a small population sample with possible confounding factors, it does not provide  evidence to support the hypothesis that prenatal androgens affect prostate cancer grade or progression.

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[1375]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Optimization of prostate cancer diagnosis by increasing the number of core biopsies based on gland volume.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 2012;5(9):892-9. Epub 2012 Oct 20.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Werahera PN; Sullivan K; La Rosa FG; Kim FJ; Lucia MS; O’Donnell C; Sidhu RS; Sullivan HT; Schulte B; Crawford ED

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA. Priya.Werahera@UCDenver.edu

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - In this prospective, non-randomized phase-I clinical trial, we comparatively studied the performance of six laterally-directed biopsies or the modified fan-shaped biopsies (MFSB), midline sextant biopsies (MB), and transition zone biopsies (TZB) and examine their prostate cancer (PCa) detection rates. A total of 114 patients received combinations of MFSB, MB, and TZB based on prostate gland volume: those </=15 cc received 8 biopsies; those >15 cc but </= 50 cc received 14 biopsies; and those >50 cc received 20 biopsies. The mean prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level, Gleason score, and prostate volume were 8.0 ng/ml, 6.4, and 47 cc, respectively. PCa detection rate of the MB was 25% while the MFSB was 22%. The overall PCa detection rate was 33.3% with all biopsies. PCa and high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HG-PIN) detection rates decrease as the size of the prostate increases. PCa detection rates were 50.0% for volumes </=19.9 cc and volumes of >50 cc had a detection rate of 25.8%. PSA levels of <3.0 had PCa detection rates of 15% which increased  to 58% with PSA levels >9.0. In a multivariate analysis, only TZB was significant for PCa diagnosed by PSA (beta=7.4, p<0.01). Our study showed that it is important to perform both the lateral MFSB and the MB to improve overall PCa detections rates. Thus, we recommend performing MB, MFSB, and TZB based on prostate volume, as follows: 8 biopsies for </=15 cc; 14 for those >15 cc but </=50 cc, and 14-20 for those >50 cc.

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[1376]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Diagnosis of bladder cancer recurrence based on urinary levels of EOMES, HOXA9, POU4F2, TWIST1, VIM, and ZNF154 hypermethylation.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - PLoS One. 2012;7(10):e46297. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046297. Epub 2012 Oct 3.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1371/journal.pone.0046297

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Reinert T; Borre M; Christiansen A; Hermann GG; Orntoft TF; Dyrskjot L

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Non muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) has the highest recurrence rate of any malignancy and as many as 70% of patients experience relapse. Aberrant DNA methylation is present in all bladder tumors and can be detected in  urine specimens. Previous studies have identified DNA methylation markers that showed significant diagnostic value. We evaluated the significance of the biomarkers for early detection of tumor recurrence in urine. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: The methylation levels of EOMES, HOXA9, POU4F2, TWIST1, VIM, and ZNF154 in urine specimens were measured by real-time PCR (MethyLight). We analyzed 390 urine sediments from 184 patients diagnosed with NMIBC. Urine from 35 age-matched control individuals was used to determine the methylation baseline levels. Recurrence was diagnosed by cystoscopy and verified  by histology. Initially, we compared urine from bladder cancer patients and healthy individuals and detected significant hypermethylation of all six markers  (P<0.0001) achieving sensitivity in the range 82%-89% and specificity in the range 94%-100%. Following, we validated the urinary hypermethylation for use in recurrence surveillance and found sensitivities of 88-94% and specificities of 43-67%. EOMES, POU4F2, VIM and ZNF154 were more frequently methylated in urine from patients with higher grade tumors (P </= 0.08). Univariate Cox regression analysis showed that five markers were significantly associated with disease recurrence; HOXA9 (HR=7.8, P=0.006), POU4F2 (HR=8.5, P=0.001), TWIST1 (HR=12.0, P=0.015), VIM (HR=8.0, P=0.001), and ZNF154 (HR=13.9, P<0.001). Interestingly, for one group of patients (n=15) we found that hypermethylation was consistently  present in the urine samples despite the lack of tumor recurrences, indicating the presence of a field defect. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Methylation levels of EOMES, HOXA9, POU4F2, TWIST1, VIM, and ZNF154 in urine specimens are promising diagnostic biomarkers for bladder cancer recurrence surveillance.

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[1377]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Primary paratesticular neuroblastoma: An important differential diagnosis.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Pediatr Urol. 2013 Apr;9(2):e117-22. doi: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2012.10.014. Epub 2012 Nov 9.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.jpurol.2012.10.014

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Berger M; Hurtado MF; Bertolez SP; Fernandez-Pineda I

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Pediatric Surgery, Virgen del Rocio Children’s Hospital, Seville, España; Department of Pediatric Surgery, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Primary neuroblastoma as a paratesticular tumor is extremely rare with only 8 described cases worldwide. In this article, we present the case of a 5-month-old  boy with this rare tumor location and give an update on the current literature. As in our case, typically these tumors present as Stage 1 disease and simple tumorectomy alone leads to excellent outcome and long-term survival. However, unawareness of this differential diagnosis and misinterpretation of intraoperative frozen sections have shown to result in delay of diagnosis and worse, overtreatment including orchiectomy and unnecessary chemotherapy. Therefore, primary paratesticular neuroblastoma must be considered as a differential diagnosis when evaluating and operating children with paratesticular tumors.

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[1378]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Absence of loss of heterozygosity of BRCA1 in a renal tumor from a BRCA1 germline mutation carrier.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Fam Cancer. 2013 Mar;12(1):125-7. doi: 10.1007/s10689-012-9572-0.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s10689-012-9572-0

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Alanee S; Shah S; Murali R; Rau-Murthy R; Schrader KA; Offit K

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Surgery, Urology Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BRCA1 functions as a tumor suppressor gene and germline and somatic mutations in  this gene have been shown to be associated with many types of cancer. We report the first tumor study of renal cell carcinoma in a carrier of the deleterious BRCA1 mutation-c.68_69delAG.

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[1379]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Association between DNA methylation of HSPB1 and death in low Gleason score prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 2013 Mar;16(1):35-40. doi: 10.1038/pcan.2012.47. Epub 2012 Nov 20.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1038/pcan.2012.47

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Vasiljevic N; Ahmad AS; Beesley C; Thorat MA; Fisher G; Berney DM; Moller H; Yu Y; Lu YJ; Cuzick J; Foster CS; Lorincz AT

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Centre for Cancer Prevention, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Heat shock protein 27 (Hsp-27) encoded by gene HSPB1 is a critical regulator of the behavioral phenotype of human prostate cancer (PCa) cells, enhanced expression being associated with highly aggressive disease and poor clinical outcome. In contrast, the protein is not expressed in PCas of low malignant potential. To gain insight into the mechanism regulating its expression, we tested the hypothesis that differential methylation of CpG islands within HSPB1 controls transcription and subsequent translation of the gene. METHODS: We studied prostate epithelial cell lines and tissue biopsies, including 59 BPH and 415 PCas, of which 367 were a cohort of men with up to 20 years of follow-up. Methylation across the gene (DNA methylation (DNAme)) was assayed by pyrosequencing. Hsp-27 expression was assessed by western blot and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: In cancer tissues, methylation increased in a 3’ direction (P < 0.0001) whereas in benign hyperplasia methylation was constantly below 5%, a cutoff giving a specificity of 100% and sensitivity of 50%. Although  methylation of the promoter region was significantly discriminating between benign and malignant prostatic epithelia, it compared poorly with methylation of  the first intron. The prognostic value of HSPB1 DNAme was confirmed by both univariate (hazard ratio 1.77 per 50% increment, P = 0.02) and multivariate models. Interaction between HSPB1 methylation and Gleason score revealed high DNAme to be a reliable prognostic marker of poor outcome in men with low Gleason  score (P = 0.014). CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate CpG methylation of the first HSPB1 intron to be an important biomarker that identifies aggressive PCas otherwise regarded as low risk by current clinical criteria but that, biologically, require immediate active management.

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[1380]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Genome-wide Profiling of RNA splicing in prostate tumor from RNA-seq data using virtual microarrays.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Clin Bioinforma. 2012 Nov 26;2(1):21. doi: 10.1186/2043-9113-2-21.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1186/2043-9113-2-21

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Srinivasan S; Patil AH; Verma M; Bingham JL; Srivatsan R

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Biotech Park, Electronic City Phase I, Bangalore, 560100, India. ssubha@ibab.ac.in.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Second generation RNA sequencing technology (RNA-seq) offers the potential to interrogate genome-wide differential RNA splicing in cancer. However, since short RNA reads spanning spliced junctions cannot be mapped contiguously onto to the chromosomes, there is a need for methods to profile splicing from RNA-seq data. Before the invent of RNA-seq technologies, microarrays containing probe sequences representing exon-exon junctions of known  genes have been used to hybridize cellular RNAs for measuring context-specific differential splicing. Here, we extend this approach to detect tumor-specific splicing in prostate cancer from a RNA-seq dataset. METHOD: A database, SPEventH, representing probe sequences of under a million non-redundant splice events in human is created with exon-exon junctions of optimized length for use as virtual  microarray. SPEventH is used to map tens of millions of reads from matched tumor-normal samples from ten individuals with prostate cancer. Differential counts of reads mapped to each event from tumor and matched normal is used to identify statistically significant tumor-specific splice events in prostate. RESULTS: We find sixty-one (61) splice events that are differentially expressed with a p-value of less than 0.0001 and a fold change of greater than 1.5 in prostate tumor compared to the respective matched normal samples. Interestingly,  the only evidence, EST (BF372485), in the public database for one of the tumor-specific splice event joining one of the intron in KLK3 gene to an intron in KLK2, is also derived from prostate tumor-tissue. Also, the 765 events with a  p-value of less than 0.001 is shown to cluster all twenty samples in a context-specific fashion with few exceptions stemming from low coverage of samples. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrate that virtual microarray experiments using a  non-redundant database of splice events in human is both efficient and sensitive  way to profile genome-wide splicing in biological samples and to detect tumor-specific splicing signatures in datasets from RNA-seq technologies. The signature from the large number of splice events that could cluster tumor and matched-normal samples into two tight separate clusters, suggests that differential splicing is yet another RNA phenotype, alongside gene expression and SNPs, that can be exploited for tumor stratification.

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[1381]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - HERV-E-mediated modulation of PLA2G4A transcription in urothelial carcinoma.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - PLoS One. 2012;7(11):e49341. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049341. Epub 2012 Nov 7.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1371/journal.pone.0049341

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Gosenca D; Gabriel U; Steidler A; Mayer J; Diem O; Erben P; Fabarius A; Leib-Mosch C; Hofmann WK; Seifarth W

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Hematology and Oncology, Mannheim Medical Center, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany. darko.gosenca1@medma.uni-heidelberg.de

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Human endogenous retroviruses (HERV) and related elements account for more than 8% of the human genome and significantly contribute to the human transcriptome by long terminal repeat (LTR) promoter activity. In this context, HERVs are thought  to intervene in the expression of adjacent genes by providing regulatory sequences (cis-effect) or via noncoding RNA including natural antisense transcripts. To address the potential impact of HERV activity in urothelial carcinoma, we comparatively analyzed the HERV transcription profiles in paired samples of non-malignant urothelium and urothelial carcinoma derived from 13 patients with bladder cancer by means of a retrovirus-specific microarray (RetroArray). We established a characteristic HERV signature consisting of six ubiquitously active HERV subgroups (E4-1, HERV-Rb, ERV9, HERV-K-T47D, NMWV3, HERV-KC4). The transcription pattern is largely identical in human urothelial carcinoma, non-malignant urothelial tissue, four tumor-derived cell lines and in  a non-malignant urothelial cell line (UROtsa). Quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR) of HERV-E4-1, HERV-K(HML-6) and HERV-T(S71-TK1) revealed a bias to  lower HERV activity in carcinoma samples compared to non-malignant tissue. Determination of active HERV-E4-1 loci by cloning and sequencing revealed six HERV-E4-1 proviral loci that are differentially regulated in urothelial carcinoma cells and normal tissue. Two full-length HERV-E4-1 proviruses, HERV-Ec1 and HERV-Ec6, are located in antisense orientation in introns of the genes PLA2G4A and RNGTT, respectively. PLA2G4A encodes a cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) that is dysregulated in many human tumors. PLA2G4A and HERV-Ec1 displayed reciprocal transcript levels in 7 of 11 urothelial carcinoma patients. Moreover,  reciprocal shifts were observed after treatment of UROtsa cells with HERV-Ec1 and PLA2G4A-directed siRNAs or 5-aza-2’-deoxycytidine (aza-dC) pointing to an antagonistic regulation of PLA2G4A and HERV-Ec1 transcription in human urothelial cells. We suggest that transcription of HERV-Ec1 contributes to fine tuning of cPLA2 expression, thereby facilitating tumorigenesis.

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[1382]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Second to fourth digit ratio: its relationship with core cancer volume and Gleason score in prostate biopsy.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Int Braz J Urol. 2012 Sep-Oct;38(5):611-9.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Oh JK; Kim KH; Jung H; Yoon SJ; Kim TB

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Gachon University Gil Hospital, Incheon, Republic of Korea.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationships between 2nd to 4th digit ratio (digit ratio) and prostate cancer detection rate and biopsy findings, including Gleason  score. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 770 consecutive men aged 40 years or older that  presented with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), right hand 2nd and 4th digit  lengths were measured prior to PSA determinations, DRE and transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS). Among these, 166 men with a prostate specific antigen (PSA) level >/= 3 ng/mL or abnormal digit rectal examination (DRE) prospectively  underwent prostate biopsies. The relationship between digit ratio and prostate cancer detection rate and biopsy findings was investigated. RESULTS: The study subjects were allocated to two groups by digit ratio (group A: digit ratio < 0.95; n = 420; group B: digit ratio >/= 0.95; n = 350). Despite similar biopsy rates (22.4% vs. 20.6%, p = 0.544), group A had higher cancer detection rate (46.8% (44/94) vs. 23.6% (17/72), p = 0.002; OR = 2.847, 95% CI = 1.445-5.610). When we analyzed 408 positive biopsy cores (group A: digit ratio < 0.95, n = 282; group B: digit ratio >/= 0.95, n = 126), group A had higher percentage of core cancer volume (46.7% vs. 37.1%, p = 0.005) and more biopsy cores with high Gleason score (sum of Gleason score >/= 9: 18/282 (6.4%) vs. 1/126 (0.8%), p = 0.010; primary Gleason score = 5: 12/282 (4.3%) vs. 0/126 (0.0%), p = 0.021). CONCLUSIONS: A lower digit ratio is related to an increased detection rate of prostate cancer, a high percentage of core cancer volume and a high Gleason score.

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[1383]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Measuring Priority Symptoms in Advanced Bladder Cancer: Development and Initial Validation of a Brief Symptom Index.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Support Oncol. 2012 Oct 20. pii: S1544-6794(12)00142-5. doi: 10.1016/j.suponc.2012.07.002.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.suponc.2012.07.002

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Jensen SE; Beaumont JL; Jacobsen PB; Abernethy A; Syrjala KL; Cella D

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern  University, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Surgery-Division of Organ Transplantation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois. Electronic address: sally-jensen@northwestern.edu.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Improved measurement of clinically meaningful symptoms is needed in advanced bladder cancer. OBJECTIVE: This study developed and examined the initial reliability and validity of a new measure of advanced bladder cancer-specific symptoms, the NCCN-FACT Bladder Symptom Index-18 (NFBlSI-18), which assesses the  symptoms perceived as most important by patients and oncology clinical experts. METHODS: A total of 31 individuals with advanced bladder cancer rated the importance of 28 symptoms. In addition, 10 oncology clinical experts rated symptoms as treatment- or disease-related. Patient-rated symptoms were reconciled with published clinicians’ symptom priorities, producing the NFBlSI-18. Participants completed measures of quality of life (QOL) and performance status to examine initial validity. RESULTS: An 18-item symptom index for advanced bladder cancer included 3 subscales: disease-related symptoms, treatment side effects, and general function/well-being. Lower scores indicate greater symptom burden. Preliminary reliability reveals good internal consistency for the full NFBlSI-18 (alpha = 0.83). The NFBlSI-18 was significantly associated with QOL criteria and performance status, in the expected direction. LIMITATIONS: Limitations include the cross-sectional design and the relatively low reliability of the disease-related symptoms subscale. CONCLUSION: The NFBlSI-18 demonstrates  preliminary evidence as a valid brief measure of the most important symptoms of advanced bladder cancer, as rated by both patients and oncology clinical experts. The NFBlSI-18 should have greater acceptability to regulatory authorities than previously developed questionnaires.

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[1384]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Flupirtine enhances the anti-hyperalgesic effects of morphine in a rat model of prostate bone metastasis.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Pain Med. 2012 Nov;13(11):1444-56. doi: 10.1111/j.1526-4637.2012.01502.x. Epub 2012 Oct 18.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1111/j.1526-4637.2012.01502.x

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Kolosov A; Goodchild CS; Williams ED; Cooke I

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Laboratory for Pain Medicine and Palliative Care, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia. anton.kolosov@gmail.com

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - OBJECTIVE: Current treatments for cancer pain are often inadequate, particularly  when metastasis to bone is involved. The addition to the treatment regimen of another drug that has a complementary analgesic effect may increase the overall analgesia without the necessity to increase doses, thus avoiding dose-related side effects. This project investigated the synergistic effect of the addition of the potassium channel (KCNQ2-3) modulator flupirtine to morphine treatment in a rat model of prostate cancer-induced bone pain. DESIGN: Syngeneic prostate cancer cells were injected into the right tibia of male Wistar rats under anesthesia. This led to expanding tumor within the bone in 2 weeks, together with the concurrent development of hyperalgesia to noxious heat. Paw withdrawal thresholds from noxious heat were measured before and after the maximum non-sedating doses of morphine and flupirtine given alone and in combinations. Dose-response curves  for morphine (0.13-5.0 mg/kg ip) and flupirtine (1.25-10.0 mg/kg ip) given alone  and in fixed-dose combinations were plotted and subjected to an isobolographic analysis. RESULTS: Both morphine (ED(5)(0) = 0.74 mg/kg) and flupirtine (ED(5)(0) = 3.32 mg/kg) caused dose-related anti-hyperalgesia at doses that did not cause sedation. Isobolographic analysis revealed that there was a synergistic interaction between flupirtine and morphine. Addition of flupirtine to morphine treatment improved morphine anti-hyperalgesia, and resulted in the reversal of cancer-induced heat hyperalgesia. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that flupirtine in combination with morphine may be useful clinically to provide better analgesia at lower morphine doses in the management of pain caused by tumors growing in bone.

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[1385]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Phycocyanin induces apoptosis and enhances the effect of topotecan on prostate cell line LNCaP.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Med Food. 2012 Dec;15(12):1091-5. doi: 10.1089/jmf.2012.0123. Epub 2012 Nov 7.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1089/jmf.2012.0123

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Gantar M; Dhandayuthapani S; Rathinavelu A

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, USA. gantram@fiu.edu

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - C-phycocyanin (C-PC) from Spirulina has been previously shown to have anticancer  properties. Here, we report on anticancer activity of C-PC that was isolated from the novel cyanobacterium Limnothrix sp. 37-2-1. C-PC from this organism exhibited anticancer properties in our in vitro systems; however, the required doses were well above the range of anticancer drugs normally used. Therefore, we conducted several experiments to test whether lower-than-usual doses of the anticancer drug topotecan (TPT) can offer the same level of cytotoxic effects as normal doses when combined with C-PC. For this purpose, cytotoxicities of C-PC and TPT were tested using the LNCaP (prostate cancer) cells. We found that when only 10% of a  typical dose of TPT was combined with C-PC, the cancer cells were killed at a higher rate than when TPT was used alone at full dose. Similarly, we were also able to detect an increased level of radical oxygen species (ROS) generation as well as an increase in activities of caspase-9 and caspase-3 when these two compounds were used in combination. Taken together, our findings suggest that combining C-PC from Limnothrix sp. with the lower dose of TPT can induce apoptosis through generation of ROS and activation of caspases. In that respect,  we suggest that C-PC can potentially improve the efficacy of the currently available anticancer drug, and therefore diminish its harsh side effects in the patient.

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[1386]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Minimally invasive surgical approach to excision of symptomatic ectopic inverted-Y ureteral duplications.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Pediatr Urol. 2013 Apr;9(2):e114-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2012.10.015. Epub 2012 Nov 7.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.jpurol.2012.10.015

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Upadhyay J; Zuckerman JM; Shekarriz B

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Children’s Hospital of the Kings Daughters, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA. Electronic address: jyoti.upadhyay@chkd.org.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Inverted-Y ureteral duplications are a rare duplication anomaly with few cases reported in the literature. We report a novel minimally invasive approach to managing inverted-Y duplications in two females who presented with continuous urinary incontinence and were found to have an ectopic insertion of the duplicated ureter. The ectopic segment was excised laparoscopically without complication in the outpatient setting with resultant cure of the continuous incontinence. This represents the first report of a laparoscopic approach to this rare anomaly.

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[1387]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Everolimus vs. Temsirolimus for Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma: Use and Use of Resources in the US Oncology Network.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Clin Genitourin Cancer. 2012 Oct 11. pii: S1558-7673(12)00183-8. doi: 10.1016/j.clgc.2012.09.008.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.clgc.2012.09.008

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Vogelzang NJ; Bhor M; Liu Z; Dhanda R; Hutson TE

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Comprehensive Cancer Centers of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV. Electronic address: nicholas.vogelzang@usoncology.com.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: The National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines suggest the use of inhibitors of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), such as temsirolimus and everolimus, as first- and second-line therapy, respectively, for advanced or metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). However, adherence to this recommendation in clinical practice and the use of these 2 agents in mRCC is unknown. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We determined the prescribing patterns of temsirolimus and everolimus in a retrospective longitudinal cohort study of patients with mRCC receiving clinical care within The US Oncology Network. Outpatient health care use in patients with mRCC was derived for the categories of laboratory visits, acute care visits, minor procedures, radiation therapy, drug/medication use, and other services. RESULTS: Among 462 patients with mRCC, 144 (31%) were treated with everolimus and 318 (69%) were treated with temsirolimus. The use of temsirolimus vs. everolimus as first-, second-, and third-line therapy was 50.7% vs. 16.7%, 30.1% vs. 42.1%, and 19.3% vs. 83.2%, respectively. Despite similarities in disease stage and demographic features, compared with temsirolimus, everolimus use was independently associated with lower use of outpatient health care resources, regardless of the line of therapy. CONCLUSION: Notwithstanding the potential limitation that this was an observational retrospective study, our results indicate that everolimus results in substantial savings in the use of resources relative to temsirolimus. In a large geographically dispersed network of community-based oncology practices, both of these agents are used frequently outside of NCCN guidelines. A direct comparison of the efficacy and costs of everolimus vs. temsirolimus for mRCC is warranted.

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[1388]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Molecular pathways involved in prostate carcinogenesis: insights from public microarray datasets.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - PLoS One. 2012;7(11):e49831. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049831. Epub 2012 Nov 20.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1371/journal.pone.0049831

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Baetke SC; Adriaens ME; Seigneuric R; Evelo CT; Eijssen LM

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Bioinformatics - BiGCaT, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Prostate cancer is currently the most frequently diagnosed malignancy in men and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in industrialized countries. Worldwide, an increase in prostate cancer incidence is expected due to an increased life-expectancy, aging of the population and improved diagnosis. Although the specific underlying mechanisms of prostate carcinogenesis remain unknown, prostate cancer is thought to result from a combination of genetic and environmental factors altering key cellular processes. To elucidate these complex interactions and to contribute to the understanding of prostate cancer progression and metastasis, analysis of large scale gene expression studies using bioinformatics approaches is used to decipher regulation of core processes. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: In this study, a standardized quality control procedure and statistical analysis (arrayanalysis.org/) were applied to multiple prostate cancer datasets retrieved from the ArrayExpress data repository and pathway analysis using PathVisio (pathvisio.org/) was performed. The results led to the identification of three core biological processes that are strongly affected during prostate carcinogenesis: cholesterol  biosynthesis, the process of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and an increased metabolic activity. CONCLUSIONS: This study illustrates how a standardized bioinformatics evaluation of existing microarray data and subsequent pathway analysis can quickly and cost-effectively provide essential information about important molecular pathways and cellular processes involved in prostate cancer development and disease progression. The presented results may assist in biomarker profiling and the development of novel treatment approaches.

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[1389]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Inactivation of AR and Notch-1 signaling by miR-34a attenuates prostate cancer aggressiveness.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Am J Transl Res. 2012;4(4):432-42. Epub 2012 Oct 10.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Kashat M; Azzouz L; Sarkar SH; Kong D; Li Y; Sarkar FH

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Pathology and Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State, University School of Medicine Detroit, MI 48201, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second leading cause of cancer related death in men  in the United States, suggesting that novel molecular targets as well as the development of agents that could deregulate such targets would become newer therapeutic approach for the treatment of castrate resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) especially the metastatic CRPC (mCRPC). In search for novel targets, microRNAs (miRNAs) are becoming an emerging area because miRNAs function as regulators of gene expression in human cancers including PCa. Previous studies from our laboratory have shown that the expression of miR-34a is significantly down-regulated in human PCa specimens consistent with PCa cell lines with aggressive characteristics, and that the silencing of miR-34a expression was in part due to hypermethylation of its promoter. There are several genes that are direct targets of miR-34a, and in the current study we investigated the cellular  consequence of miR-34a over-expression and under-expression in the regulation of  androgen receptor (AR) and Notch-1 in PCa cells. We found that over-expression of miR-34a led to reduced expression of AR, PSA and Notch-1. We also found that over-expression of miR-34a significantly inhibited the growth of PCa cells. Moreover, over-expression of miR-34a resulted in decreased self-renewal capacity  of PCa cells, and conversely inactivation of miR-34a led to increased self-renewal capacity, which is an indication of tumor cell aggressiveness. These findings suggest that the loss of miR-34a is directly linked with up-regulation of AR and Notch-1 both of which are highly expressed in PCa, and thus finding innovative approaches by which miR-34a expression could be up-regulated will have a huge impact on the treatment of PCa especially for the treatment of mCRPC.

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[1390]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Measuring oncogenic signaling pathways in cancer with PET: an emerging paradigm from studies in castration-resistant prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Cancer Discov. 2012 Nov;2(11):985-94. doi: 10.1158/2159-8290.CD-12-0178. Epub 2012 Oct 5.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1158/2159-8290.CD-12-0178

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Evans MJ

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center,  New York, NY 10065, USA. evansm1@mskcc.org

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - As parallel advances in cancer biology and drug development continue to elevate the role of targeted therapies in oncology, the need for imaging biomarkers that  systematically measure the biology associated with therapeutic intervention has become more urgent. Although the molecular imaging community has a commitment to  develop technologies to this end, few investigational radiotracers directly measure the biology of common oncogenic signaling pathways often addressed by targeted therapies. Visible progress has been achieved with a handful of radiotracers rationally designed to intercalate the pathobiology of prostate cancer, a molecularly heterogeneous disease nevertheless broadly defined by a fairly small repertoire of recurrent oncogenic lesions. SIGNIFICANCE: That variable treatment responses or emergent resistance phenotypes are often documented in humans argues strongly for diagnostic technologies that can be realistically applied posttherapy to capture the dynamic patterns of disease response. The purpose of this review is to describe a collection of radiotracers  developed to measure the pathobiology of prostate cancer for improved treatment monitoring, placing particular emphasis on the biologic rationale for their preparation. A chronologic description of radiotracer development programs is outlined, primarily to stress how an ongoing dialectic between earlier and more contemporary imaging technologies has accelerated discovery.

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[1391]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Distinct epigenetic mechanisms distinguish TMPRSS2-ERG fusion-positive and -negative prostate cancers.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Cancer Discov. 2012 Nov;2(11):979-81. doi: 10.1158/2159-8290.CD-12-0392.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1158/2159-8290.CD-12-0392

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Alumkal JJ; Herman JG

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Oregon Health & Science University, Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR 97239,  USA. alumkalj@ohsu.edu

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - This issue of Cancer Discovery features an article that describes distinct epigenetic mechanisms that operate in TMPRSS2-ERG fusion-negative prostate cancers. This finding clarifies molecular features of these TMPRSS2-ERG fusion-negative tumors and may have implications for how to treat this prostate cancer subtype.

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[1392]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - The accuracy of multidetector Computed Tomography for preoperative staging of renal cell carcinoma.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Int Braz J Urol. 2012 Sep-Oct;38(5):627-36.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Liu Y; Song T; Huang Z; Zhang S; Li Y

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology of Zigong First Hospital, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of multidetector  computed tomography (MDCT) in the preoperative staging of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical and pathological records of 312 patients with RCC who underwent staging MDCT before surgery. Radiographic findings were compared to the findings at surgery and pathological examination. All staging used 2009 updated TNM classification. RESULTS: The difference in tumor size between radiographic and pathological findings was 0.21 cm. In T1a group, the difference was 0.33 cm. Agreement between MDCT and histopathological findings was moderate for T staging (Kappa = 0.469), fair for N staging (Kappa = 0.322), and excellent for M staging (Kappa = 0.932).  The sensitivity and specificity of MDCT in detecting perinephric fat invasion were 32.26% and 85.87%, in detecting tumor thrombosis were 84% and 100%, in detecting adrenal gland invasion were 60% and 95.79%, in detecting lymph node involvement were 50% and 96.36%, in detecting distant metastasis were 100% and 99.67%, respectively. In regard to stage grouping, 237 of 314 patients were correctly staged by MDCT, with an overall accuracy of 75.48%. CONCLUSIONS: MDCT with a dynamic contrast protocol is able to delineate RCC with high accuracy. However, a great portion of tumors were overstaged by MDCT because of overestimation of tumor size and poor visualization of infiltration of the perinephric fat. In addition, nodal metastatic lesion evaluation relies on node size only and remains a difficult task.

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[1393]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Prostate cancer decision-making, health services, and the family physician workforce.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Am Board Fam Med. 2012 Nov-Dec;25(6):753-5. doi: 10.3122/jabfm.2012.06.120249.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 3122/jabfm.2012.06.120249

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Bowman MA; Neale AV

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Does untreated cancer equal death? Does having a registered nurse versus a licensed practical nurse versus a medical assistant affect diabetes quality outcomes? Do physicians caring for stressed patients experience vicarious traumatic stress? Oregon presents an operationalized definition of a patient-centered medical home for their state. Lots of important clinical topics  in family medicine—adult attention deficit disorder office questionnaire; Bell palsy; cancer screening and treatment decisions; lubrication during Papanicolaou  testing; changes in maternity care training by residencies; changing prescribing  patterns for thiazide diuretics; and night sweats remain a mystery.

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[1394]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Opposing effects of androgen ablation on immune function in prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Oncoimmunology. 2012 Oct 1;1(7):1220-1221.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 4161/onci.20448

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Tang S; Dubey P

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Molecular Pathology Graduate Program; Wake Forest School of Medicine; Winston Salem, NC USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Although it is recognized that immune function is modulated by androgen ablation  therapy for prostate cancer, the long-term consequences are not completely understood. We recently showed that both effector and inhibitory immune mechanisms are amplified by androgen ablation, providing one explanation for only transient increases in immune function after castration.

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[1395]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Prostate cancer: Abiraterone benefit extends to bone-related symptoms.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Nat Rev Urol. 2013 Jan;10(1):1. doi: 10.1038/nrurol.2012.232. Epub 2012 Nov 27.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1038/nrurol.2012.232

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Payton S

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[1396]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Serological identification of Tektin5 as a cancer/testis antigen and its immunogenicity.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - BMC Cancer. 2012 Nov 14;12:520. doi: 10.1186/1471-2407-12-520.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1186/1471-2407-12-520

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Hanafusa T; Mohamed AE; Domae S; Nakayama E; Ono T

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Radiation Research, Advanced Science Research Center, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Identification of new cancer antigens is necessary for the efficient  diagnosis and immunotherapy. A variety of tumor antigens have been identified by  several methodologies. Among those antigens, cancer/testis (CT) antigens have became promising targets. METHODS: The serological identification of antigens by  the recombinant expression cloning (SEREX) methodology has been successfully used for the identification of cancer/testis (CT) antigens. We performed the SEREX analysis of colon cancer. RESULTS: We isolated a total of 60 positive cDNA clones comprising 38 different genes. They included 2 genes with testis-specific expression profiles in the UniGene database, such as TEKT5 and a CT-like gene, A  kinase anchoring protein 3 (AKAP3). Quantitative real-time RT-PCR analysis showed that the expression of TEKT5 was restricted to the testis in normal adult tissues. In malignant tissues, TEKT5 was aberrantly expressed in a variety of cancers, including colon cancer. A serological survey of 101 cancer patients with different cancers by ELISA revealed antibodies to TEKT5 in 13 patients, including colon cancer. None of the 16 healthy donor serum samples were reactive in the same test. CONCLUSION: We identified candidate new CT antigen of colon cancer, TEKT5. The findings indicate that TEKT5 is immunogenic in humans, and suggest its potential use as diagnostic as well as an immunotherapeutic reagent for cancer patients.

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[1397]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Detection of local recurrent prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy in terms of salvage radiotherapy using dynamic contrast enhanced-MRI without endorectal coil.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Radiat Oncol. 2012 Oct 31;7:185. doi: 10.1186/1748-717X-7-185.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1186/1748-717X-7-185

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Rischke HC; Schafer AO; Nestle U; Volegova-Neher N; Henne K; Benz MR; Schultze-Seemann W; Langer M; Grosu AL

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Freiburg, Robert Koch Str. 3, Freiburg 79106, Germany. hans.christian.rischke@uniklinik-freiburg.de

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: To evaluate the value of dynamic contrast enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging (DCE-MRI) without endorectal coil (EC) in the detection of local recurrent prostate cancer (PC) after radical prostatectomy (RP). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty-three patients with recurrent PC underwent DCE-MRI without EC before salvage radiotherapy (RT). At median 15 (mean 16+/-4.9, range 12-27) months after completion of RT all patients showed complete biochemical response.  Additional follow up post RT DCE-MRI scans were available. Prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels at the time of imaging were correlated to the imaging findings. RESULTS: In 22/33 patients (67%) early contrast enhancing nodules were  detected in the post-prostatectomy fossa on pre-RT DCE-MRI images. The average pre-RT PSA level of the 22 patients with positive pre-RT DCE-MRI findings was significantly higher (mean, 0.74+/-0.64 ng/mL) compared to the pre-RT PSA level of the 11 patients with negative pre-RT DCE-MRI (mean, 0.24+/-0.13 ng/mL) (p<0.001). All post-RT DCE-MRI images showed complete resolution of initial suspicious lesions. A pre-RT PSA cut-off value of >/=0.54 ng/ml readily predicted a positive DCE-MRI finding. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study that shows that  DCE-MRI without EC can detect local recurrent PC with an estimated accuracy of 83% at low PSA levels. All false negative DCE-MRI scans were detected using a PSA cut-off of >/=0.54 ng/mL.

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[1398]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Vitamin d, sunlight, and the epidemiology of prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Anticancer Agents Med Chem. 2013 Jan 1;13(1):45-57.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Schwartz GG

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Comprehensive Cancer Center of Wake Forest University, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA. gschwart@wakehealth.edu.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - The hypothesis that vitamin D deficiency increases the risk of clinical prostate  cancer has stimulated an extensive body of research. Ecologic studies have shown  that mortality rates from prostate cancer are inversely correlated with levels of ultraviolet radiation, the principal source of vitamin D. Human prostate cells express receptors for 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D which exerts pleitropic anticancer  effects on these cells in vitro and in animal models. Moreover, normal prostate cells synthesize 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D from circulating levels of 25-OHD, whose levels are dependent on exposure to ultraviolet light. Analytic epidemiologic studies of vitamin D and prostate cancer have focused on polymorphisms in the vitamin D receptor (VDR), on serum vitamin D levels, and on solar exposure. A role for VDR polymorphisms in prostate cancer risk and progression is established. Prospective studies of serum 25(OH)D do not support a protective role for higher levels of 25(OH)D on prostate cancer risk overall, but a role for vitamin D deficiency is supported by several studies. Conversely, a growing body  of evidence implicates low levels of 25-OHD with an increased risk of fatal prostate cancer. The results of most epidemiologic studies of sunlight exposure are consistent with a protective effect of exposure to ultraviolet radiation. The discrepancy between the results of studies of solar exposure and studies of serum 25-OHD may be related to methodological differences and to uncertainties regarding the critical period for vitamin D exposure. Additionally, both high dietary intake of calcium and high levels of calcium in serum are positively associated with prostate cancer risk. The relationship between serum 25(OH)D levels and risk of prostate cancer may differ by calcium intake.

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[1399]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Association between GSTM1 copy number, promoter variants and susceptibility to urinary bladder cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Int J Mol Epidemiol Genet. 2012;3(3):228-36. Epub 2012 Aug 31.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Zhang X; Lin J; Wu X; Lin Z; Ning B; Kadlubar S; Kadlubar FF

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock, AR 72205.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - This study sought to determine the role of copy number variants (CNV) combined with other genetic variants in the Glutathione S-transferases Mu class1 (GSTM1) promoter in the development of urinary bladder cancer. TaqMan real-time PCR and direct sequencing were used to determine genetic variants. Haploblocks and haplotype were constructed and estimated by Haploview and Phase, respectively. Logistic regression revealed a significantly decreased bladder cancer risk in subjects with at least 2 copies of GSTM1 (OR=0.56; 95%CI=0.39-0.81) but not in those with 1 copy of the gene. GSTM1 promoter screening revealed an insertion variant (-1543TTCT) and 14 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (-1529C>G, -1490A>G, -1143A>G, -888A>T, -498G>C, -486C>G, -471C>T, -426G>A, -344C>T, -343A>T, -341C>T, -339C>T, -304G>A, and -164C>T). Four haploblocks were evident by Haploview. There was no significant association between any single SNP/haplotype and bladder cancer risk. However, when stratified by copy number, the two copy carriers with the -1543 insertion had decreased bladder cancer risk  (OR, 0.58; 95%CI, 0.32-0.10) and similar results were found in two copy carriers  with -888 A, -486G, - 344 C, -343 A, -341 C allele and haplotype INS(-1543)-C(-1529)-A(-1429) in LD block 1, A(-1143)-A(-888) in LD block 2, C(-498)-G(-486)-T(-471) in LD block 3, C(-344)-A(-343)-C(-341)-C(-339) and C(-344)-A(-343)-C(-341)-T(-339) in LD block 4. These results suggest that GSTM1 CNV is a better predictor of bladder cancer susceptibility than measuring presence/absence of GSTM1 and other genetic variants also can modify bladder cancer risk.

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[1400]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Prostate cancer: Quality of life during ADT—time to consider the options.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Nat Rev Urol. 2013 Jan;10(1):4. doi: 10.1038/nrurol.2012.231. Epub 2012 Nov 27.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1038/nrurol.2012.231

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Razzak M

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[1401]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Identification of potential biomarkers for ovarian cancer by urinary metabolomic  profiling.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Proteome Res. 2013 Jan 4;12(1):505-12. doi: 10.1021/pr3009572. Epub 2012 Dec 3.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1021/pr3009572

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Zhang T; Wu X; Ke C; Yin M; Li Z; Fan L; Zhang W; Zhang H; Zhao F; Zhou X; Lou G; Li K

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Public Health School, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - To evaluate the application of urinary metabolomics on discovering potential biomarkers for epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), urine samples from 40 preoperative EOC patients, 62 benign ovarian tumor (BOT) patients, and 54 healthy controls were collected and analyzed with ultraperformance liquid chromatography  quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF/MS). Good separations were obtained for EOC vs BOT, EOC vs healthy controls analyzed by partial least-squares discriminant analysis, or principal component analysis. Twenty-two  ascertained metabolomic biomarkers were found to be disturbed in several metabolic pathways among EOC patients, including nucleotide metabolism (pseudouridine, N4-acetylcytidine), histidine metabolism (L-histidine, imidazol-5-yl-pyruvate), tryptophan metabolism (3-indolelactic acid), and mucin metabolism (3’-sialyllactose and 3-sialyl-N-acetyllactosamine). In addition, the  concentrations of some urinary metabolites of 18 postoperative EOC patients among the 40 EOC patients changed significantly compared with those of their preoperative condition, and four of them suggested recovery tendency toward normal level after surgical operation, including N4-acetylcytidine, pseudouridine, urate-3-ribonucleoside, and succinic acid. These metabolites would be highly postulated to be associated with EOC. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that urinary metabolomics analysis by UPLC-QTOF/MS, performed in a minimally noninvasive and convenient manner, possessed great potential in biomarker discovery for EOC.

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[1402]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Inhibition of bladder cancer by broccoli isothiocyanates sulforaphane and erucin: characterization, metabolism, and interconversion.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Mol Nutr Food Res. 2012 Nov;56(11):1675-87. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.201200276. Epub 2012 Oct 5.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1002/mnfr.201200276

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Abbaoui B; Riedl KM; Ralston RA; Thomas-Ahner JM; Schwartz SJ; Clinton SK; Mortazavi A

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - SCOPE: Epidemiologic evidence suggests diets rich in cruciferous vegetables, particularly broccoli, are associated with lower bladder cancer risk. Our objectives are to investigate these observations and determine the role of isothiocyanates in primary or secondary bladder cancer prevention. METHODS AND RESULTS: We initially investigate the mechanisms whereby broccoli and broccoli sprout extracts and pure isothiocyanates inhibit normal, noninvasive (RT4), and invasive (J82, UMUC3) human urothelial cell viability. Sulforaphane (IC(50) = 5.66 +/- 1.2 muM) and erucin (IC(50) = 8.79 +/- 1.3 muM) are found to be the most potent inhibitors and normal cells are least sensitive. This observation is associated with downregulation of survivin, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2/neu), G(2) /M cell cycle accumulation, and apoptosis. In a murine UMUC3 xenograft model, we fed semipurified diets containing 4% broccoli sprouts, or 2% broccoli sprout isothiocyanate extract; or gavaged pure sulforaphane or erucin (each at 295 mumol/kg, similar to dietary exposure); and report tumor weight reduction of 42%  (p = 0.02), 42% (p = 0.04), 33% (p = 0.04), and 58% (p < 0.0001), respectively. Sulforaphane and erucin metabolites are present in mouse plasma (micromolar range) and tumor tissue, with N-acetylcysteine conjugates as the most abundant. Interconversion of sulforaphane and erucin metabolites was observed. CONCLUSION:  This work supports development of fully characterized, novel food products containing broccoli components for phase I/II human studies targeting bladder cancer prevention.

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[1403]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Thermal injury affecting the small bowel without evidence of bladder perforation  following transurethral resection of bladder tumour.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Scand J Urol. 2012 Nov 9.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 3109/00365599.2012.742995

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Petersen CR; Fode M; Jassem AA; Sonksen J

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Herlev Hospital , Denmark.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Abstract Thermal bowel injury following transurethral bladder tumour resection is a rare but potentially lethal complication. This article reports a case of isolated bowel perforation without concomitant bladder perforation. Although rare, clinicians should be aware of this complication, so that the diagnosis can  be made promptly.

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[1404]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Higher sex hormone-binding globulin and lower bioavailable testosterone are related to prostate cancer detection on prostate biopsy.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Scand J Urol. 2012 Nov 27.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 3109/00365599.2012.747562

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Garcia-Cruz E; Carrion Puig A; Garcia-Larrosa A; Sallent A; Castaneda-Argaiz R; Piqueras M; Ribal MJ; Leibar-Tamayo A; Romero-Otero J; Alcaraz A

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Urology Department, Hospital Clinic Barcelona , Barcelona , España.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Abstract Objective. Recent studies show an inverse relationship between testosterone levels and prostate cancer (PCa). The usefulness of hormonal patterns in PCa diagnosis is controversial. This study aimed to determine the relationship between hormonal patterns and PCa, and to find a cut-off point of hormone levels to assess PCa risk. Material and methods. A prospective analysis was undertaken of 279 patients referred for first or second prostate biopsy in the Hospital Clinic Barcelona from November 2006 to May 2009. The indication for  prostate biopsy was suspicion of PCa based on the results of digital rectal examination (DRE) and/or elevation of serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA). Screening was carried out with a 5+5-core transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate  biopsy. Age, prostate volume, DRE (normal or abnormal), biopsy findings (normal or report of PCa), PSA, free-to-total PSA, PSA density, testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) were also prospectively recorded. Free and bioavailable testosterone were calculated using Vermeulen’s formula. Results. In  the multivariate analysis, abnormal DRE [odds ratio (OR = 5.46, p < 0.001], SHBG  levels >/= 66.25 nmol/l [OR = 3.27; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.52 to 7.04, p  < 0.002] and bioavailable testosterone levels </= 104 ng/dl (OR = 4.92, 95% CI 1.78 to 13.59, p = 0.002) were related to the diagnosis of prostate adenocarcinoma. Age, free testosterone, PSA, testosterone, PSA/testosterone, PSA/free testosterone and PSA/bioavailable testosterone were not related to PCa diagnosis. Conclusions. Low bioavailable testosterone levels and high SHBG levels were related to a 4.9- and 3.2-fold risk of detection of PCa on prostate biopsy owing to PSA elevation or abnormal DRE. This fact may be useful in the clinical scenario in counselling patients at risk for PCa.

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[1405]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Touch imprint cytology of prostate core needle biopsy specimens: A useful method  for immediate reporting of prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Cytol. 2012 Jul;29(3):173-6. doi: 10.4103/0970-9371.101166.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 4103/0970-9371.101166

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Aytac B; Atalay FO; Vuruskan H; Filiz G

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Surgical Pathology, Uludag University Medical Faculty, Gorukle, Bursa, Turkey.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Cytology plays an important role in the preoperative assessment of many cancers. It is used as a first-line pathological investigation in both screening and diagnostic purposes. AIMS: To determine the diagnostic value and accuracy of touch imprint cytology (TIC) smear of prostate core needle biopsy (CNB) specimens in the diagnosis of prostate carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred and twenty-one patients had ultrasound-guided transrectal prostate CNB. A total of 1210 TIC smears were prepared from all CNB specimens. RESULTS: Diagnoses of 1210 TIC smears were compared with the histopathological findings of the CNB specimens. One hundred and seventy (14%) TIC smears were found positive for malignancy, 35 (2.9%) were diagnosed as suspicious for malignancy and 1005 (83.1%) were found negative for malignancy. Twenty-five of 35 suspicious imprints and 150 of 170 malignant smears were confirmed to be malignant on histopathological evaluation. Although 20 malignant TIC smears were defined as benign in standard histological preparations, 10 of them had definitive diagnosis of malignancy following extensive serial sectioning. Last of all, there were 10 false-positive cytology results. Moreover, 10 of the 35 suspected TIC smears were false negative when compared with the histopathological diagnosis. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of touch imprint smear results were 100%, 98%, 90.2% and 100%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: TIC smears can provide an immediate and reliable cytological diagnosis of prostate carcinoma. It may clearly help the rapid detection of carcinoma, particularly in highly suspected cases that had negative routine biopsy results for malignancy with abnormal serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels and atypical digital rectal examination.

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[1406]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - An ectopic ureter of a duplicated system presenting as a pelvic collection following laparoscopic radical prostatectomy.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Scand J Urol. 2012 Oct 4.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 3109/00365599.2012.729222

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Minh H; Qazi HA; Dietel A; Stolzenburg JU

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, University of Leipzig , Leipzig , Germany.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Abstract Radical prostatectomy remains the gold-standard surgical treatment for clinically localized prostate cancer. Contrast imaging of the upper urinary tract is not part of the routine work-up of the patient before radical prostatectomy. This may lead to rare, albeit serious complications when anatomical anomalies are present. This article reports a case of delayed anastomotic leakage following radical prostatectomy due to an unrecognized duplex system on the left side and inclusion of the ureteric orifice draining the upper moiety in the anastomosis, which caused failure of healing and persistent leakage.

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[1407]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Successful management of pulmonary and inferior vena cava tumor embolism from renal cell carcinoma.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Korean J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2012 Oct;45(5):323-5. doi: 10.5090/kjtcs.2012.45.5.323. Epub 2012 Oct 9.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 5090/kjtcs.2012.45.5.323

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Shim H; Kim WS; Kim YW; Yang SS; Kim DK

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Korea.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Pulmonary tumor embolism can be a cause of respiratory failure in patients with cancer even though it occurs rarely. We describe a 56-year-old man who underwent  a pulmonary tumor embolectomy using cardiopulmonary bypass on beating heart combined with inferior vena cava embolectomy and right radical nephrectomy. Aggressive surgical treatment in this severe case is necessary not only to reduce the fatal outcome of pulmonary embolism in the short run, but also to improve the oncological prognosis in the long term.

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[1408]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Metastasis of renal cell carcinoma to the buccal mucosa 19 years after radical nephrectomy.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Case Rep Oncol Med. 2012;2012:823042. doi: 10.1155/2012/823042. Epub 2012 Oct 22.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1155/2012/823042

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Gil-Julio H; Vazquez-Alonso F; Fernandez-Sanchez AJ; Puche-Sanz I; Flores-Martin JF; Cozar JM

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Servicio de Urologia, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, 18012 Granada, España.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has high metastatic potential, which requires early diagnosis to optimize the chance of cure. Metastasis of RCC to the head and neck  region is less common and metastasis to the buccal mucosa is extremely rare. This phenomenon occurs mostly in patients with generalized dissemination, especially with lung metastases. In this article we report a case of buccal mucosa metastasis from RCC in a 65-year-old man who presented 19 years after undergoing  a left radical nephrectomy for clear cell RCC. Surgical excision of the buccal lesion was performed without evidence of recurrence or new metastatic lesions after 6 years of followup. To our knowledge, this is the first case of metastasis to the buccal mucosa from a RCC reported in the literature.

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[1409]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - A synchronous occurrence of urothelial carcinoma with abundant myxoid stroma and  inverted papilloma of the urinary bladder.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Rare Tumors. 2012 Jun 26;4(3):e45. doi: 10.4081/rt.2012.e45. Epub 2012 Sep 14.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 4081/rt.2012.e45

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Behzatoglu K; Yildiz P; Oznur M; Bozkurt ER

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Pathology, Istanbul Education and Research Hospital, Ministry of Health, Istanbul;

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Abundant myxoid stroma rarely occurs in urothelial carcinomas, and may cause diagnostic challenges when cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm forming nests and cords in a myxoid background are seen, particularly in the absence of typical carcinomatous appearance. Microscopic examination of transurethral resection specimen of a 71-year-old male patient revealed non-cohesive oval or elongated tumor cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm arranged in cord-like filigree pattern in an abundant myxoid stroma. Immunohistochemically the tumor was positive for cytokeratin 7, cytokeratin 20, and 34BE12. About 90 to 100% nuclear staining was  observed with p63, p53, and Ki-67. A second neoplasm with a flat overlying urothelial epithelium and a complete inverted cellular growth pattern was also noted. The neoplasm exhibited less than 2% and 10% nuclear staining with Ki-67 and p53, respectively. Considering histological, histochemical, and immunohistochemical findings, a diagnosis of synchronous urothelial carcinoma with abundant myxoid stroma and inverted papilloma was made.

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[1410]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Malignant inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of the bladder with rapid progression.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Korean J Urol. 2012 Sep;53(9):657-61. doi: 10.4111/kju.2012.53.9.657. Epub 2012 Sep 19.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 4111/kju.2012.53.9.657

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Kim HW; Choi YH; Kang SM; Ku JY; Ahn JH; Kim JM; Chung JM; Ha HK; Chung MK

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - A 71-year-old man was referred for painless hematuria and a bladder tumor. Cystoscopy and computed tomography revealed a 3-cm oval nodular mass on the left  lateral side of the bladder. The patient underwent a complete transurethral resection of the lesion and histology showed a proliferation of atypical spindle  cells with inflammation consistent with a myofibroblastic tumor. After 4 and 7 months, follow-up cystoscopy demonstrated nodular mass lesions and transurethral  resection of bladder tumor was done, which showed chronic cystitis and a recurred myofibroblastic tumor, respectively. Five months later, multiple lymph node, bone, and soft tissue metastases were found by positron emission tomography. The  patient was treated first with palliative chemotherapy, including doxorubicin and cisplatin. After that, radiologic studies showed disease progression but the patient refused further treatment and died 6 months later.

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[1411]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Bladder cancer: Toxic effects—a BCG balancing act.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Nat Rev Urol. 2013 Jan;10(1):2. doi: 10.1038/nrurol.2012.223. Epub 2012 Nov 20.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1038/nrurol.2012.223

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Razzak M

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[1412]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Prostate cancer: ‘Galectin signature’ reveals gal-1 as key player in angiogenesis.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Nat Rev Urol. 2012 Dec;9(12):667. doi: 10.1038/nrurol.2012.216. Epub 2012 Nov 20.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1038/nrurol.2012.216

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Payton S

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[1413]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Genomic and epigenomic alterations in prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2012;3:128. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2012.00128. Epub 2012 Nov 6.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 3389/fendo.2012.00128

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Aschelter AM; Giacinti S; Caporello P; Marchetti P

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Oncology, Sant’Andrea Hospital, “Sapienza” University of Rome Rome, Italy.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Prostate cancer (PC) is the second most frequently diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer deaths in man. The treatment of localized PC includes surgery or radiation therapy. In case of relapse after a definitive treatment or in patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease, the standard treatment includes the androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT). By reducing the levels of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone under the castration threshold, the ADT acts on the androgen receptor (AR), even if indirectly. The effects of the ADT are usually temporary and nearly all patients, initially sensitive to the androgen ablation therapy, have a disease progression after an 18-24 months medium term. This is probably due to the selection of the cancer cell clones and to their acquisition of critical somatic genome and epigenomic changes. This review aims to provide an overview about the genetic and epigenetic alterations having a crucial role in the carcinogenesis and in the disease progression toward the castration resistant PC. We focused on the role of the AR, on its signaling cascade and on the clinical implications that the knowledge of these aspects would have on hormonal therapy, on its failure and its toxicity.

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[1414]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Dendritic cell based PSMA immunotherapy for prostate cancer using a CD40-targeted adenovirus vector.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - PLoS One. 2012;7(10):e46981. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046981. Epub 2012 Oct 8.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1371/journal.pone.0046981

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Williams BJ; Bhatia S; Adams LK; Boling S; Carroll JL; Li XL; Rogers DL; Korokhov N; Kovesdi I; Pereboev AV; Curiel DT; Mathis JM

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Gene Therapy Program, Department of Urology, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Human prostate tumor vaccine and gene therapy trials using ex vivo methods to prime dendritic cells (DCs) with prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) have been somewhat successful, but to date the lengthy ex vivo manipulation of DCs has limited the widespread clinical utility of this approach. Our goal was to improve upon cancer vaccination with tumor antigens by delivering PSMA via a CD40-targeted adenovirus vector directly to DCs as an efficient means for activation and antigen presentation to T-cells. To test this approach, we developed a mouse model of prostate cancer by generating clonal derivatives of the mouse RM-1 prostate cancer cell line expressing human PSMA (RM-1-PSMA cells). To maximize antigen presentation in target cells, both MHC class I and TAP protein expression was induced in RM-1 cells by transduction with an Ad vector expressing interferon-gamma (Ad5-IFNgamma). Administering DCs infected ex vivo with CD40-targeted Ad5-huPSMA, as well as direct intraperitoneal injection of the vector, resulted in high levels of tumor-specific CTL responses against RM-1-PSMA cells pretreated with Ad5-IFNgamma as target cells. CD40 targeting significantly  improved the therapeutic antitumor efficacy of Ad5-huPSMA encoding PSMA when combined with Ad5-IFNgamma in the RM-1-PSMA model. These results suggest that a CD-targeted adenovirus delivering PSMA may be effective clinically for prostate cancer immunotherapy.

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[1415]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - MicroRNA-1280 inhibits invasion and metastasis by targeting ROCK1 in bladder cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - PLoS One. 2012;7(10):e46743. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046743. Epub 2012 Oct 4.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1371/journal.pone.0046743

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Majid S; Dar AA; Saini S; Shahryari V; Arora S; Zaman MS; Chang I; Yamamura S; Chiyomaru T; Fukuhara S; Tanaka Y; Deng G; Tabatabai ZL; Dahiya R

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, VA Medical Center and UCSF, San Francisco, California, United States of America.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-protein-coding sequences that can function as oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes. This study documents the tumor suppressor role of miR-1280 in bladder cancer. Quantitative real-time PCR and in situ hybridization analyses showed that miR-1280 is significantly down-regulated in bladder cancer cell lines and tumors compared to a non-malignant cell line or normal tissue samples. To decipher the functional significance of miR-1280 in bladder cancer, we ectopically over-expressed miR-1280 in bladder cancer cell lines. Over-expression of miR-1280 had antiproliferative effects and impaired colony formation of bladder cancer cell lines. FACS (fluorescence activated cell  sorting) analysis revealed that re-expression of miR-1280 in bladder cancer cells induced G2-M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Our results demonstrate that miR-1280 inhibited migration and invasion of bladder cancer cell lines. miR-1280  also attenuated ROCK1 and RhoC protein expression. Luciferase reporter assays demonstrated that oncogene ROCK1 is a direct target of miR-1280 in bladder cancer. This study also indicates that miR-1280 may be of diagnostic and prognostic importance in bladder cancer. For instance, ROC analysis showed that miR-1280 expression can distinguish between malignant and normal bladder cancer cases and Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that patients with miR-1280 high expression had higher overall survival compared to those with low miR-1280 expression. In conclusion, this is the first study to document that miR-1280 functions as a tumor suppressor by targeting oncogene ROCK1 to invasion/migration and metastasis. Various compounds are currently being used as ROCK1 inhibitors; therefore restoration of tumor suppressor miR-1280 might be therapeutically useful either alone or in combination with these compounds in the treatment of bladder cancer.

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[1416]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - The link between benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Nat Rev Urol. 2013 Jan;10(1):49-54. doi: 10.1038/nrurol.2012.192. Epub 2012 Nov 20.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1038/nrurol.2012.192

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Orsted DD; Bojesen SE

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - 54N5 Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University  Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer are among the most common  diseases of the prostate gland and represent significant burdens for patients and health-care systems in many countries. The two diseases share traits such as hormone-dependent growth and response to antiandrogen therapy. Furthermore, risk  factors such as prostate inflammation and metabolic disruption have key roles in  the development of both diseases. Despite these commonalities, BPH and prostate cancer exhibit important differences in terms of histology and localization. Although large-scale epidemiological studies have shown that men with BPH have an increased risk of prostate cancer and prostate-cancer-related mortality, it remains unclear whether this association reflects a causal link, shared risk factors or pathophysiological mechanisms, or detection bias upon statistical analysis. Establishing BPH as a causal factor for prostate cancer development could improve the accuracy of prognostication and expedite intervention, potentially reducing the number of men who die from prostate cancer.

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[1417]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Simultaneous visualization of FDG avid and non-avid metastases in renal cell cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Rev Esp Med Nucl. Acceso gratuito al texto completo a partir de los 2 años de la fecha de publicación.

            ●● Enlace a la Editora de la Revista db.doyma.es/ 

            ●● Cita: Revista Española de Medicina Nuclear: <> Imagen Mol. 2012 Nov-Dec;31(6):357-8. doi: 10.1016/j.remn.2012.03.005. Epub 2012 Jun 1.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.remn.2012.03.005

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Yapar AF

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Baskent University School of Medicine, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Adana, Turkey. fyapar@dr.com

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[1418]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - FTIR microspectroscopy of selected rare diverse sub-variants of carcinoma of the  urinary bladder.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Biophotonics. 2013 Jan;6(1):73-87. doi: 10.1002/jbio.201200126. Epub 2012 Nov 2.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1002/jbio.201200126

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Hughes C; Iqbal-Wahid J; Brown M; Shanks JH; Eustace A; Denley H; Hoskin PJ; West C; Clarke NW; Gardner P

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Urothelial carcinomas of the bladder are a heterogeneous group of tumours, although some histological sub-variants are rare and sparsely reported in the literature. Diagnosis of sub-variants from conventional urothelial carcinoma can  be challenging, as they may mimic the morphology of other malignancies or benign  tumours and therefore their distinction is important. For the first time, the spectral pathology of some of these sub-variants has been documented by infrared  microspectroscopy and an attempt made to profile their biochemistry. It is important not only to identify and separate the cancer-associated epithelial tissue spectra from common tissue features such as stroma or blood, but also to detect the signatures of tumour sub-variants. As shown, their spectroscopic signals can change dramatically as a consequence of differentiation. Example cases are discussed and compared with histological evaluations.

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[1419]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Algae extracts and methyl jasmonate anti-cancer activities in prostate cancer: choreographers of ‘the dance macabre’.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Cancer Cell Int. 2012 Nov 26;12(1):50. doi: 10.1186/1475-2867-12-50.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1186/1475-2867-12-50

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Farooqi AA; Butt G; Razzaq Z

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Laboratory For Translational Oncology and Personalized Medicine, Rashid Latif Medical College, 35 Km Ferozepur Road, Lahore, Pakistan. Ammadahmad638@yahoo.com.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - There is an overwhelmingly increasing trend of analysis of naturally occurring ingredients in treatment of prostate cancer. Substantial fraction of information  has been added that highlights activity at various levels and steps of deregulated cellular proliferation, metastasis and apoptosis. Among such ingredients, algae extracts and jasmonates are documented to have anti-cancer activity in vitro and in vivo and induce growth inhibition in cancer cells, while leaving the non-transformed cells intact. In this short review we outline systematically, how these ingredients predispose prostate cancer cells to undergo apoptosis.

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[1420]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Genitourinary plexiform neurofibroma mimicking sacrococcygeal teratoma.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Surg Tech Case Rep. 2012 Jan;4(1):50-2. doi: 10.4103/2006-8808.100356.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 4103/2006-8808.100356

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Nasir AA; Abdur-Rahman LO; Ibrahim KO; Adegoke MA; Afolabi JK; Adeniran JO

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Surgery, Paediatrics Surgery Division, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, PMB 1459, Ilorin, Nigeria.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Neurofibromatosis is a common inherited autosomal dominant disease, but genitourinary neurofibroma is rare. The unpredictable nature of neurofibromas has a serious impact on the quality of life of patients, and their management is challenging for clinicians. We present a 9-year-old girl with plexiform neurofibroma of genitourinary system associated with pulmonary hypertension, masquerading as sacrococcygeal teratoma. Intraoperative finding and histological  examination of the resected tumor confirmed the diagnosis.

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[1421]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Specific pomegranate juice components as potential inhibitors of prostate cancer  metastasis.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Transl Oncol. 2012 Oct;5(5):344-55. Epub 2012 Oct 1.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Wang L; Ho J; Glackin C; Martins-Green M

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Pomegranate juice (PJ) is a natural product that inhibits prostate cancer progression. A clinical trial on patients with recurrent prostate cancer resulted in none of the patients progressing to a metastatic stage during the period of the trial. We have previously found that, in addition to causing cell death of hormone-refractory prostate cancer cells, PJ also markedly increases adhesion and decreases migration of the cells that do not die. However, because PJ is a very complex mixture of components and is found in many different formulations, it is  important to identify specific components that are effective in inhibiting growth and metastasis. Here, we show that the PJ components luteolin, ellagic acid, and  punicic acid together inhibit growth of hormone-dependent and hormone-refractory  prostate cancer cells and inhibit their migration and their chemotaxis toward stromal cell-derived factor 1alpha (SDF1alpha), a chemokine that is important in  prostate cancer metastasis to the bone. These components also increase the expression of cell adhesion genes and decrease expression of genes involved in cell cycle control and cell migration. Furthermore, they increase several well-known tumor-suppression microRNAs (miRNAs), decrease several oncogenic miRNAs, and inhibit the chemokines receptor type 4 (CXCR4)/SDF1alpha chemotaxis axis. Our results suggest that these components may be more effective in inhibiting prostate cancer growth and metastasis than simply drinking the juice.  Chemical modification of these components could further enhance their bioavailability and efficacy of treatment. Moreover, because the mechanisms of metastasis are similar for most cancers, these PJ components may also be effective in the treatment of metastasis of other cancers.

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[1422]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Active surveillance for small renal masses.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Rev Urol. 2012;14(1-2):13-9.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Pierorazio PM; Hyams ES; Mullins JK; Allaf ME

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, MD.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Small renal masses (SRMs; </= 4 cm in dimension) have rapidly risen in incidence  in recent decades and pose an increasingly common management dilemma in urology.  SRMs are biologically heterogeneous and a wide variety of treatments exist with favorable oncologic outcomes. Active surveillance (AS) has emerged as a viable option for those not desiring surgery or those who are suboptimal candidates for  surgery, with < 2% of patients progressing to metastatic disease in retrospective and prospective studies. This article reviews the current data regarding AS for SRM, operational considerations for an AS program, and criteria for safely selecting patients for this treatment strategy.

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[1423]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Pro- and anti-apoptotic effects of p53 in cisplatin-treated human testicular cancer are cell context-dependent.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Cell Cycle. 2012 Dec 15;11(24):4552-62. doi: 10.4161/cc.22803. Epub 2012 Nov 19.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 4161/cc.22803

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - di Pietro A; Koster R; Boersma-van Eck W; Dam WA; Mulder NH; Gietema JA; de Vries EG; de Jong S

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - In murine testicular cancer (TC) cells wild-type p53 contributes to sensitivity to DNA-damaging drugs in a dose-dependent way. In human TC, however, the role of  wild-type p53 functionality in chemotherapeutic response remains elusive. We analyzed functionality of wild-type p53 in cisplatin sensitivity in the human TC  setting using a p53 short interfering (si)RNA approach. The cisplatin-sensitive TC cell line (Tera), the subline with acquired cisplatin resistance (Tera-CP) and a panel of intrinsically resistant TC cell lines (Scha and 2102EP), all expressing wild-type p53, were used. p53 and p53 transcriptional targets MDM2 and p21 (Waf1/Cip1) (p21) were expressed in a p53 transactivation-dependent way in all TC cell lines. Following cisplatin exposure, expression levels of p53 increased, with a subsequent increase in MDM2 and p21 mRNA and protein levels and Fas cell membrane levels. Downregulation of p53 with siRNA lowered cisplatin-induced apoptosis in Tera and Tera-CP, which was associated with a diminished Fas membrane expression. In contrast, p53 suppression augmented cisplatin-induced apoptosis in Scha and 2102EP and concomitantly strongly suppressed MDM2 and p21 mRNA and protein expression. Our results indicate that p53 is involved in transactivation of pro- and anti-apoptotic genes in untreated  and cisplatin-treated TC cells, but subtle differences are present between TC cell lines. The opposite role of p53 in cisplatin-induced apoptosis among TC cell lines demonstrates the importance of the cellular context for the p53 transactivation phenotype in TC cells.

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[1424]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Urinary schistosomiasis with simultaneous bladder squamous cell carcinoma and transitional cell carcinoma.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Iran J Parasitol. 2012;7(3):96-8.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Ketabchi A; Moshtaghi-Kashanian G

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Physiology Research Center, Kerman Medical Sciences University, Kerman, Iran.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - This is a case report concerning a 60 years old man who lived for a short period  in an endemic area of Khuzestan Province (neighboring province of Persian Gulf in Iran) for approximately 20 years ago. Recently he referred to the Urology Department of Kerman University of Medical Sciences with hematuria and dysuria. In the sonography a polypoid mass on the bladder floor was observed. In the cystoscopy and biopsy a bladder tumor (Simultaneous squamous cell carcinoma and Transitional Bladder Cell Carcinoma) and schistosomiasis (Schistosoma haematobium) was diagnosed.

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[1425]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - An intelligent knowledge mining model for kidney cancer using rough set theory.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Int J Bioinform Res Appl. 2012;8(5-6):417-35. doi: 10.1504/IJBRA.2012.049625.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1504/IJBRA.2012.049625

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Durai MA; Acharjya DP; Kannan A; Iyengar NCh

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - School of Computing Sciences and Engineering, VIT University, Vellore 632014, Tamilnadu, India. masaleemdurai@vit.ac.in

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Medical diagnosis processes vary in the degree to which they attempt to deal with different complicating aspects of diagnosis such as relative importance of symptoms, varied symptom pattern and the relation between diseases themselves. Rough set approach has two major advantages over the other methods. First, it can handle different types of data such as categorical, numerical etc. Secondly, it does not make any assumption like probability distribution function in stochastic modeling or membership grade function in fuzzy set theory. It involves pattern recognition through logical computational rules rather than approximating them through smooth mathematical functional forms. In this paper we use rough set theory as a data mining tool to derive useful patterns and rules for kidney cancer faulty diagnosis. In particular, the historical data of twenty five research hospitals and medical college is used for validation and the results show the practical viability of the proposed approach.

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[1426]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Sarcosine, a biomarker for prostate cancer: ready for prime time?

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Biomark Med. 2012 Aug;6(4):513-4.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Miyake M; Gomes Giacoia E; Aguilar Palacios D; Rosser CJ

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Section of Urologic Oncology & Cancer Research Institute, MD Anderson Cancer Center Orlando, 1400 S. Orange Avenue, Orlando, FL 32806, USA.

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[1427]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Kidney cancer: CRM1-a novel drug target for renal cell carcinoma?

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Nat Rev Urol. 2012 Dec;9(12):672. doi: 10.1038/nrurol.2012.208. Epub 2012 Nov 13.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1038/nrurol.2012.208

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Payton S

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[1428]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Synchronous penile metastasis from a high-grade adenocarcinoma of the prostate.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Case Rep Urol. 2012;2012:193787. doi: 10.1155/2012/193787. Epub 2012 Oct 16.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1155/2012/193787

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Dijkstra S; van der Heijden AG; Schaafsma HE; Mulders PF

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Metastasis to the glans penis is a rare phenomenon and usually occurs in a late stage of disease. A 68-year-old man was referred to our clinic because of two indurated lesions of the glans penis and minor lower urinary tract symptoms. Digital rectal examination revealed a hard nodular prostate, and serum prostate-specific antigen (sPSA) level was 13.3 ng/mL. Biopsies of the penile lesions and transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsies were taken. Immunohistochemical staining of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue exposed a synchronous penile metastasis from a high-grade adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Except a pathologically enlarged lymph node detected with MRI there was no suspicion on other metastases. Currently this patient is being treated with a Gonadoreline (GnRH) antagonist. Nevertheless, the prognosis will be poor.

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[1429]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Heterogeneous epigenetic regulation of TIMP3 in prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Epigenetics. 2012 Nov;7(11):1279-89. doi: 10.4161/epi.22333. Epub 2012 Sep 28.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 4161/epi.22333

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Shinojima T; Yu Q; Huang SK; Li M; Mizuno R; Liu ET; Hoon DS; Lessard L

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Molecular Oncology, John Wayne Cancer Institute at St John’s Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3 (TIMP3) is a tumor suppressor gene frequently downregulated in prostate cancer. The mechanisms involved in TIMP3 transcriptional repression are not fully understood, but evidence suggests that promoter hypermethylation may not be the predominant epigenetic alteration in prostate cancer. To clarify this issue, we examined the contribution of both CpG  site promoter methylation and histone modifications on TIMP3 downregulation. Using publicly available data sets, we confirmed that TIMP3 mRNA expression is decreased in prostate tumors relative to normal glands. Immunohistochemical analysis also showed decreased TIMP3 levels in high-grade primary tumors, but promoter hypermethylation was only detected in 6 of 28 (21%) high-grade specimens. Similarly, in prostate cancer cells, TIMP3 hypermethylation was only observed in DU145 cells. Treatment of DU145 cells with 5-aza-2’-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-CdR) restored TIMP3 expression, and this was significantly amplified by co-treating the cells with the HDAC inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA). Alternatively, in cells that did not exhibit aberrant TIMP3 methylation (LNCaP and PC3), TIMP3 expression could be upregulated by the combination of histone methylation inhibitor 3-Deazaneplanocin A (DZNep) and TSA. This reversal of transcriptional repression was associated with decreased H3K27me3 and increased H3K9ac histone marks at the TIMP3 promoter, as demonstrated by chromatin immunoprecipitation. Collectively, these results indicate that histone modifications can contribute to TIMP3 repression in the absence of promoter hypermethylation, and suggest that the combination of histone modifying agents could restore TIMP3 expression in prostate tumors harboring aberrant histone modifications at the TIMP3 promoter.

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[1430]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Bladder cancer in an inguinoscrotal vesical hernia.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Case Rep Oncol Med. 2012;2012:142351. doi: 10.1155/2012/142351. Epub 2012 Oct 18.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1155/2012/142351

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Regis L; Lozano F; Planas J; Morote J

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Servicio de Urologia, Hospital General Universitario Vall d’Hebron, Pg. De la Vall d’Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, España.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - We present the case of a 79-year-old male who, due to hematuria, underwent cystoscopy that showed a lesion in the bladder dome. Transurethral resection was  attempted, but access to the tumor by this route was impossible. Given the findings, a body CT scan was performed showing an inguinoscrotal hernia with vesical carcinoma contained. Open surgical treatment of the vesical carcinoma contained within the inguinoscrotal hernia was performed in conjunction with the  hernia repair. The anatomical pathology report confirmed a high-grade urothelial  carcinoma (stage pT2b) with a free resection margin of <1 mm. Adjuvant radiotherapy was selected for subsequent treatment. The presence of bladder tumor in an inguinoscrotal hernia is an uncommon finding and a diagnostic delay can be  assumed. The initial therapeutic plan may need to be changed from the usual approaches due to the atypical presentation.

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[1431]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Identification of plasma lipid biomarkers for prostate cancer by lipidomics and bioinformatics.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - PLoS One. 2012;7(11):e48889. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048889. Epub 2012 Nov 12.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1371/journal.pone.0048889

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Zhou X; Mao J; Ai J; Deng Y; Roth MR; Pound C; Henegar J; Welti R; Bigler SA

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Pathology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America. xzhou@umc.edu

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Lipids have critical functions in cellular energy storage, structure  and signaling. Many individual lipid molecules have been associated with the evolution of prostate cancer; however, none of them has been approved to be used  as a biomarker. The aim of this study is to identify lipid molecules from hundreds plasma apparent lipid species as biomarkers for diagnosis of prostate cancer. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Using lipidomics, lipid profiling of 390  individual apparent lipid species was performed on 141 plasma samples from 105 patients with prostate cancer and 36 male controls. High throughput data generated from lipidomics were analyzed using bioinformatic and statistical methods. From 390 apparent lipid species, 35 species were demonstrated to have potential in differentiation of prostate cancer. Within the 35 species, 12 were identified as individual plasma lipid biomarkers for diagnosis of prostate cancer with a sensitivity above 80%, specificity above 50% and accuracy above 80%. Using top 15 of 35 potential biomarkers together increased predictive power dramatically in diagnosis of prostate cancer with a sensitivity of 93.6%, specificity of 90.1% and accuracy of 97.3%. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) demonstrated that patient and control  populations were visually separated by identified lipid biomarkers. RandomForest  and 10-fold cross validation analyses demonstrated that the identified lipid biomarkers were able to predict unknown populations accurately, and this was not  influenced by patient’s age and race. Three out of 13 lipid classes, phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), ether-linked phosphatidylethanolamine (ePE) and ether-linked phosphatidylcholine (ePC) could be considered as biomarkers in diagnosis of prostate cancer. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Using lipidomics and bioinformatic and statistical methods, we have identified a few out of hundreds plasma apparent lipid molecular species as biomarkers for diagnosis of prostate cancer with a high sensitivity, specificity and accuracy.

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[1432]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Accuracy of grading of urothelial carcinoma on urine cytology: an analysis of interobserver and intraobserver agreement.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 2012;5(9):882-91. Epub 2012 Oct 20.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Reid MD; Osunkoya AO; Siddiqui MT; Looney SW

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322,  USA. michelle.reid@emory.edu

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Urine samples of known urothelial carcinoma were independently graded by 3 pathologists with (MS, MR) and without (AO) fellowship training in cytopathology using a modified version of the 2004 2-tiered World Health Organization classification system. By measuring interobserver and intraobserver  agreement among pathologists, compared with the gold standard of biopsy/resection, specimen accuracy and reproducibility of grading in urine was determined. METHODS: 44 urine cytology samples were graded as low or high-grade by 3 pathologists with a 2-3 week interval between grading. Pathologists were blinded to their and others’ grades and histologic diagnoses. Coefficient kappa was used to measure interobserver and intraobserver agreement among pathologists. Accuracy was measured by percentage agreement with the biopsy/resection separately for each pathologist, and for all pathologists and occasions combined. RESULTS: The overall accuracy was 77% (95% C.I., 72%-82%). Pathologist AO was significantly more accurate than MR on occasion 1 (p = 0.006) and 2 (p = 0.039).  No other significant differences were found among the observers. Interobserver agreement using coefficient kappa was unacceptably low, with all but one of the kappa value being less than 0.40, the cutoff for a “fair” degree of agreement. Intraobserver agreement, as measured by coefficient kappa, was adequate. CONCLUSIONS: Our study underscores the lack of precision and subjective nature of grading urothelial carcinoma on urine samples. There was poor inter- and intraobserver agreement among pathologists despite fellowship training in cytopathology. Clinicians and cytopathologists should be mindful of this pitfall  and avoid grading urothelial carcinoma on urine samples, especially since grading may impact patient management.

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[1433]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Blocking IL-10 enhances bacillus Calmette-Guerin induced T helper Type 1 immune responses and anti-bladder cancer immunity.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Oncoimmunology. 2012 Oct 1;1(7):1183-1185.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 4161/onci.20640

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Luo Y

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology; University of Iowa; Iowa City, IA USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Proper induction of Th1 immunity is required for effective immunotherapy of bladder cancer with the bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG). Interleukin-10 (IL-10) downregulates the Th1 immune response and is associated with BCG therapy failure. We evaluated BCG plus IL-10 blocking antibodies and found that this combination therapy induces enhanced Th1 immune responses and anti-bladder cancer immunity in preclinical animal models.

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[1434]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Epidermal inclusion cyst presenting as a palpable scrotal mass.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Case Rep Urol. 2012;2012:498324. doi: 10.1155/2012/498324. Epub 2012 Oct 9.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1155/2012/498324

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Correa AF; Gayed BA; Tublin ME; Parwani AV; Gingrich JR

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh, 3471 5th Ave, Suite 700 Kaufmann Bldg, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - We report a scrotal epidermal inclusion cyst located outside the median raphe which a rare entity in the absence of trauma and few cases have been reported. 47 year old male presents with a complaint of right sided testicular swelling and discomfort. On examination a 3 cm mass was palpated between the scrotum and the medial thigh on the subcutaneous tissue with a positive slip sign. Complete surgical excision of the cyst was performed. Histopathology confirmed epidermal inclusion cyst with no evidence of malignancy.

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[1435]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Establishment of testicular and ovarian cell lines from Honmoroko (Gnathopogon caerulescens).

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Fish Physiol Biochem. 2012 Oct 18.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s10695-012-9733-y

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Higaki S; Koyama Y; Shirai E; Yokota T; Fujioka Y; Sakai N; Takada T

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Ritsumeikan Global Innovation Research Organization, Ritsumeikan University, Nojihigashi 1-1-1, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - We succeeded to establish cell lines from endemic fish species Honmoroko Gnathopogon caerulescens, which inhabits Lake Biwa, the third oldest lake in the  world. Two cell lines designated as RMT1 and RMO1 were established from testis and ovary of G. caerulescens, respectively. These cell lines were initially cultured in Leibovitz’s L-15 medium supplemented with fetal bovine serum (FBS), fish embryo extract, epidermal growth factor, and basic fibroblast growth factor. Further addition of forskolin and beta-mercaptoethanol was required to establish  and maintain these cell lines for more than 60 passages. RMT1 and RMO1 cells showed fibroblast- and epithelial-like morphology, respectively. From immunocytochemical staining and gene expression patterns, RMT1 cells showed a characteristic of testicular Sertoli cells and RMO1 cells did that of ovarian theca cells. Both RMT1 and RMO1 cells multiplied well in the medium supplemented  with 10 % FBS at 28 degrees C and their minimum population doubling times were 24.4 and 28.8 h, respectively. At the 45th passage, most of the RMT1 and RMO1 cells had a hyperploid set of chromosomes (67.3 and 96.1 %, respectively). Cells  with normal diploid chromosome set were not observed. RMT1 cells were transfected with an enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) expression vector and human elongation factor 1 alpha promoter worked efficiently to express EGFP. In addition, EGFP-expressing cell lines were also established, suggesting that the cell lines could be utilized as an in vitro monitor system (biosensor) for the evaluation of endocrine disruptors which might affect gonadal function.

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[1436]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Prostate cancer: following the ethanol TRAIL to prostate cancer destruction.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Nat Rev Urol. 2012 Nov;9(11):603. doi: 10.1038/nrurol.2012.187. Epub 2012 Oct 9.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1038/nrurol.2012.187

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Clyne M

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[1437]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - RhoGDI2 suppresses bladder cancer metastasis via reduction of inflammation in the tumor microenvironment.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Oncoimmunology. 2012 Oct 1;1(7):1175-1177.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 4161/onci.20594

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Said N; Theodorescu D

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology; University of Virginia; Charlottesville, VA USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Low expression of RhoGDI2 is associated with poor outcome in cancer patients. In  animal models, RhoGDI2 suppresses lung metastasis by reducing the expression of the proteoglycan versican, whose levels portend poor patient prognosis. Versican  promotes metastasis through enhanced tumor migration and creation of an inflammatory lung environment involving macrophages and the CCL2/CCR2 signaling axis. Targeting this mechanism may provide novel adjuvant strategies for delaying the appearance of clinical metastasis.

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[1438]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Rare presentation of porcelain gall bladder: carcinoma gall bladder with a large  intra-abdominal cystic swelling.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - British Medical J (BMJ). Acceso gratuito al texto completo.

            ●● Enlace a la Editora de la Revista bmj.com/search.dtl 

            ●● Cita: British Medical J. (BMJ): <> Case Rep. 2012 Oct 12;2012. pii: bcr2012006894. doi: 10.1136/bcr-2012-006894.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1136/bcr-2012-006894

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Gupta S; Jauhari RK

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Surgical Oncology, CSMMU (formerly KGMC), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. sameerdr79@gmail.com

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[1439]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Sweet’s syndrome as the presenting manifestation of gall bladder adenocarcinoma.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - British Medical J (BMJ). Acceso gratuito al texto completo.

            ●● Enlace a la Editora de la Revista bmj.com/search.dtl 

            ●● Cita: British Medical J. (BMJ): <> Case Rep. 2012 Oct 12;2012. pii: bcr2012006869. doi: 10.1136/bcr-2012-006869.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1136/bcr-2012-006869

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Jindal R; Jain A; Mittal A; Shirazi N

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Dermatology, Himalayan Institute Hospital Trust, Dehradun, Uttaranchal, India.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Sweet’s syndrome is a neutrophilic inflammatory dermatosis presenting with sudden onset tender red to purple papules and nodules, fever and neutrophilia. Gastrointestinal and urinary tract infections, pregnancy, inflammatory bowel disease, drugs and malignancy are some of the known aetiological factors. Paraneoplastic Sweet’s syndrome accounts for 15-20% cases and thus forms an important subset. At times its onset helps in suspecting an underlying malignancy, thus making timely intervention possible. In the present case report  Sweet’s syndrome was the presenting feature of gall bladder adenocarcinoma; an association that has been rarely reported before.

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[1440]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - The complexity of prostate cancer: genomic alterations and heterogeneity.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Nat Rev Urol. 2012 Nov;9(11):652-64. doi: 10.1038/nrurol.2012.185.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1038/nrurol.2012.185

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Boyd LK; Mao X; Lu YJ

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, London, UK.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Although prostate cancer is the most common malignancy to affect men in the Western world, the molecular mechanisms underlying its development and progression remain poorly understood. Like all cancers, prostate cancer is a genetic disease that is characterized by multiple genomic alterations, including  point mutations, microsatellite variations, and chromosomal alterations such as translocations, insertions, duplications, and deletions. In prostate cancer, but  not other carcinomas, these chromosome alterations result in a high frequency of  gene fusion events. The development and application of novel high-resolution technologies has significantly accelerated the detection of genomic alterations,  revealing the complex nature and heterogeneity of the disease. The clinical heterogeneity of prostate cancer can be partly explained by this underlying genetic heterogeneity, which has been observed between patients from different geographical and ethnic populations, different individuals within these populations, different tumour foci within the same patient, and different cells within the same tumour focus. The highly heterogeneous nature of prostate cancer  provides a real challenge for clinical disease management and a detailed understanding of the genetic alterations in all cells, including small subpopulations, would be highly advantageous.

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[1441]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Malignant mesothelioma of the tunica vaginalis testis: a malignancy associated with recurrent epididymitis?

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - World J Surg Oncol. 2012 Nov 9;10:238. doi: 10.1186/1477-7819-10-238.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1186/1477-7819-10-238

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Yen CH; Lee CT; Su CJ; Lo HC

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Division of Urological Surgery, Department of Surgery, Song-Shan Armed Forces General Hospital, No, 131, JianKang Rd,, SongShan Dist,, Taipei City, 105, Taiwan.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - A 53-year-old Taiwanese male had several episodes of left epididymitis with hydrocele refractory to antibiotic treatment. Partial epididymectomy plus preventive vasectomy were planned, and, incidentally, an ill-defined nodule was found lying on the tunica vaginalis near the epididymal head. The pathological diagnosis was malignant mesothelioma of the tunica vaginalis testis. Radical orchiectomy with wide excision of the hemi-scrotal wall was performed. So far, there is no evidence of recurrence after more than 3 years of follow-up. Malignant tumor should be considered in the case of recurrent epididymitis refractory to empirically effective antibiotic treatment. Although the nature of  this tumor is highly fatal, the malignancy can possibly be cured by early and aggressive surgical treatment.

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[1442]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Pelvic nephroureterectomy for renal cell carcinoma in an ectopic kidney.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Case Rep Oncol Med. 2012;2012:350916. doi: 10.1155/2012/350916. Epub 2012 Oct 22.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1155/2012/350916

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Baldie KG; Al-Qassab UA; Ritenour CW; Issa MM; Osunkoya AO; Petros JA

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 1670 Clairmont Road NE, Decatur, GA 30033, USA ; Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Clinic B, 1365 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - We present a case of an ectopic renal tumor in a 61-year-old morbidly obese man with a pelvic kidney found after presenting with hematuria and irritative voiding symptoms. The mass, along with the ectopic kidney and ureter, was radically resected through an open operation that involved removing both them and the renal vessels from the underlying iliac vessels. Pathological analysis demonstrated an  8.3 cm papillary renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with oncocytic features, Fuhrman nuclear grade 3, with angiolymphatic invasion and negative margins. The patient has been recurrence-free for over four years since tumor resection.

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[1443]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Meridional lenticular astigmatism associated with bilateral concurrent uveal metastases in renal cell carcinoma.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Clin Ophthalmol. 2012;6:1839-41. doi: 10.2147/OPTH.S37163. Epub 2012 Nov 6.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 2147/OPTH.S37163

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Priluck JC; Grover S; Chalam K

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Ophthalmology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: To demonstrate a case illustrating meridional lenticular astigmatism as  a result of renal cell carcinoma uveal metastases. METHODS: Case report with images. RESULTS: Clinical findings and diagnostic testing of a patient with acquired meridional lenticular astigmatism are described. The refraction revealed best-corrected visual acuity of 20/20-1 OD (-2.50 + 0.25 x 090) and 20/50 OS (-8.25 + 3.25 x 075). Bilateral concurrent renal cell carcinoma metastases to the choroid and ciliary body are demonstrated by utilizing ultrasonography, ultrawidefield fluorescein angiography, and unique spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. CONCLUSIONS: Metastatic disease should be included in the differential of acquired astigmatism. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, ultrawidefield fluorescein angiography, and ultrasonography have roles in delineating choroidal metastases.

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[1444]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - A novel interplay between Rap1 and PKA regulates induction of angiogenesis in prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - PLoS One. 2012;7(11):e49893. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049893. Epub 2012 Nov 15.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1371/journal.pone.0049893

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Menon J; Doebele RC; Gomes S; Bevilacqua E; Reindl KM; Rosner MR

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Angiogenesis inhibition is an important therapeutic strategy for advanced stage prostate cancer. Previous work from our laboratory showed that sustained stimulation of Rap1 by 8-pCPT-2’-O-Me-cAMP (8CPT) via activation of Epac, a Rap1  GEF, or by expression of a constitutively active Rap1 mutant (cRap1) suppresses endothelial cell chemotaxis and subsequent angiogenesis. When we tested this model in the context of a prostate tumor xenograft, we found that 8CPT had no significant effect on prostate tumor growth alone. However, in cells harboring cRap1, 8CPT dramatically inhibited not only prostate tumor growth but also VEGF expression and angiogenesis within the tumor microenvironment. Subsequent analysis of the mechanism revealed that, in prostate tumor epithelial cells, 8CPT acted via stimulation of PKA rather than Epac/Rap1. PKA antagonizes Rap1 and hypoxic induction of 1alpha protein expression, VEGF production and, ultimately,  angiogenesis. Together these findings provide evidence for a novel interplay between Rap1, Epac, and PKA that regulates tumor-stromal induction of angiogenesis.

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[1445]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Autocrine stimulation of clear-cell renal carcinoma cell migration in hypoxia via HIF-independent suppression of thrombospondin-1.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Sci Rep. 2012;2:788. doi: 10.1038/srep00788. Epub 2012 Nov 9.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1038/srep00788

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Bienes-Martinez R; Ordonez A; Feijoo-Cuaresma M; Corral-Escariz M; Mateo G; Stenina O; Jimenez B; Calzada MJ

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Princesa, Department of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma of Madrid, Madrid, España.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Thrombospondin-1 is a matricellular protein with potent antitumour activities, the levels of which determine the fate of many different tumours, including renal carcinomas. However, the factors that regulate this protein remain unclear. In renal carcinomas, hypoxic conditions enhance the expression of angiogenic factors that help adapt tumour cells to their hostile environment. Therefore, we hypothesized that anti-angiogenic factors should correspondingly be dampened. Indeed, we found that hypoxia decreased the thrombospondin-1 protein in several clear cell renal carcinoma cell lines (ccRCC), although no transcriptional regulation was observed. Furthermore, we proved that hypoxia stimulates multiple  signals that independently contribute to diminish thrombospondin-1 in ccRCC, which include a decrease in the activity of oxygen-dependent prolylhydroxylases (PHDs) and activation of the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway. In addition, thrombospondin-1 regulation in hypoxia proved to be important for ccRCC cell migration and invasion.

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[1446]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Shared Copy Number Variation in Simultaneous Nephroblastoma and Neuroblastoma due to Fanconi Anemia.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Mol Syndromol. 2012 Sep;3(3):120-130. Epub 2012 Aug 23.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1159/000341935

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Serra A; Eirich K; Winkler AK; Mrasek K; Gohring G; Barbi G; Cario H; Schlegelberger B; Pokora B; Liehr T; Leriche C; Henne-Bruns D; Barth TF; Schindler D

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Pediatric Surgery, Ulm University, Ulm, Jena, Germany.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Concurrent emergence of nephroblastoma (Wilms Tumor; WT) and neuroblastoma (NB) is rare and mostly observed in patients with severe subtypes of Fanconi anemia (FA) with or without VACTER-L association (VL). We investigated the hypothesis that early consequences of genomic instability result in shared regions with copy number variation in different precursor cells that originate distinct embryonal tumors. We observed a newborn girl with FA and VL (aplasia of the thumbs, cloacal atresia (urogenital sinus), tethered cord at L3/L4, muscular ventricular septum defect, and horseshoe-kidney with a single ureter) who simultaneously acquired an epithelial-type WT in the left portion of the kidney and a poorly differentiated  adrenal NB in infancy. A novel homozygous germline frameshift mutation in PALB2 (c.1676_c1677delAAinsG) leading to protein truncation (pGln526ArgfsX1) inherited  from consanguineous parents formed the genetic basis of FA-N. Spontaneous and induced chromosomal instability was detected in the majority of cells analyzed from peripheral lymphocytes, bone marrow, and cultured fibroblasts. Bone marrow cells also showed complex chromosome rearrangements consistent with the myelodysplastic syndrome at 11 months of age. Array-comparative genomic hybridization analyses of both WT and NB showed shared gains or amplifications within the chromosomal regions 11p15.5 and 17q21.31-q25.3, including genes that are reportedly implicated in tumor development such as IGF2, H19, WT2, BIRC5, and HRAS.

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[1447]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Atypical leiomyoma of scrotum.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Cutan Aesthet Surg. 2012 Jul;5(3):216-7. doi: 10.4103/0974-2077.101397.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 4103/0974-2077.101397

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Rao S; Fimate P; Ramakrishnan R; Rajendiran S

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Pathology, Sri Ramachandra University, Porur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu,  India. E-mail: shalineerao@gmail.com.

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[1448]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Malignant ovarian Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor localized with selective ovarian vein sampling.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Minim Invasive Gynecol. 2012 Nov-Dec;19(6):789-93. doi: 10.1016/j.jmig.2012.08.006.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.jmig.2012.08.006

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Dunne C; Havelock JC

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. caitlinmhdunne@yahoo.ca

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors (SLCT) are rare, comprising less than 0.5% of ovarian  neoplasms. They are most often diagnosed in premenopausal women and may produce androgens, resulting in hirsuitism, voice deepening, frontal balding, terminal hair growth, and clitoromegaly. SLCT are malignant in 15%-20% of cases. We discuss a 25-year-old patient with persistent hyperandrogenemia. Noninvasive imaging cannot conclusively differentiate between SCLT and other diagnoses such as polycystic ovary syndrome, ovarian hyperthecosis, idiopathic hyperandrogenism, idiopathic hirsuitism, and 21-hydroxylase-deficient nonclassic adrenal hyperplasia. Selective ovarian vein sampling revealed a 15-fold greater testosterone production from the right ovary compared with the left, which guided appropriate surgical management.

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[1449]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Bladder cancer: Replacing cystoscopies with FGFR3 urine assays.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Nat Rev Urol. 2013 Jan;10(1):4. doi: 10.1038/nrurol.2012.233. Epub 2012 Nov 27.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1038/nrurol.2012.233

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Clyne M

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[1450]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Different effects of bladder distention on point A-based and 3D-conformal intracavitary brachytherapy planning for cervical cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Radiat Res. 2013 Mar 1;54(2):349-56. doi: 10.1093/jrr/rrs091. Epub 2012 Oct 26.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1093/jrr/rrs091

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Ju SG; Huh SJ; Shin JS; Park W; Nam H; Bae S; Oh D; Hong CS; Kim JS; Han Y; Choi DH

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Irwon-dong 50, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 135-710, South Korea.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - This study sought to evaluate the differential effects of bladder distention on point A-based (AICBT) and three-dimensional conformal intracavitary brachytherapy (3D-ICBT) planning for cervical cancer. Two sets of CT scans were obtained for ten patients to evaluate the effect of bladder distention. After the first CT scan, with an empty bladder, a second set of CT scans was obtained with the bladder filled. The clinical target volume (CTV), bladder, rectum, and small bowel were delineated on each image set. The AICBT and 3D-ICBT plans were generated, and we compared the different planning techniques with respect to the  dose characteristics of CTV and organs at risk. As a result of bladder distention, the mean dose (D) was decreased significantly and geometrical variations were observed in the bladder and small bowel, with acceptable minor changes in the CTV and rectum. The average Dand Dshowed a significant change in the bladder and small bowel with AICBT; however, no change was detected with the  3D-ICBT planning. No significant dose change in the CTV or rectum was observed with either the AICBT or the 3D-ICBT plan. The effect of bladder distention on dosimetrical change in 3D-ICBT planning appears to be minimal, in comparison with AICBT planning.

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[1451]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Overcoming docetaxel resistance in prostate cancer: a perspective review.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Ther Adv Med Oncol. 2012 Nov;4(6):329-40. doi: 10.1177/1758834012449685.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1177_1758834012449685 [pii

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1177/1758834012449685

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Hwang C

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, and Josephine Ford Cancer Center, Henry Ford Hospital, CFP 559, 2799 West Grand Boulevard, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - The treatment of metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer has been historically challenging, with few therapeutic successes. Docetaxel was the first cytotoxic therapy associated with a survival benefit in castrate-resistant prostate cancer. Toxicity is typical of other cytotoxic agents, with myelosuppression being the dose-limiting toxicity and neurotoxicity also a notable side effect for some patients. Unfortunately, a significant proportion of men with castrate-resistant prostate cancer will not respond to docetaxel-based therapy and all patients will ultimately develop resistance. Because it is an effective therapy, docetaxel is likely to remain an important part of the treatment arsenal against metastatic prostate cancer for the foreseeable future,  despite its toxicities and limitations. Overcoming docetaxel resistance has been  a challenge since docetaxel was first established as front-line therapy for metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer. Recent studies have shown that several new drugs, including cabazitaxel and abiraterone, are effective after docetaxel failure, dramatically changing the therapeutic landscape for these patients. In addition, a greater understanding of the mechanisms underlying docetaxel resistance has led to several new treatment approaches which hold promise for the future. This review will discuss recent therapeutic advances in metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer as well as ongoing clinical trials.

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[1452]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Targeting HIF2alpha translation with Tempol in VHL-deficient clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Oncotarget. 2012 Nov;3(11):1472-82.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Sourbier C; Srivastava G; Ghosh MC; Ghosh S; Yang Y; Gupta G; Degraff W; Krishna MC; Mitchell JB; Rouault TA; Linehan WM

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - The tumor suppressor gene, Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL), is frequently mutated in the  most common form of kidney cancer, clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC). In hypoxic conditions, or when there is a VHL mutation, the hypoxia inducible factors, HIF1alpha and HIF2alpha, are stabilized and transcribe a panel of genes  associated with cancer such as vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR), platelet derived growth factor (PDGF), and glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1). Recent studies in clear cell kidney cancer have suggested that HIF2alpha, but not HIF1alpha, is the critical oncoprotein in the VHL pathway. Therefore, targeting HIF2alpha could provide a potential therapeutic approach for patients with advanced CCRCC. Since iron regulatory protein 1 (IRP1) is known to  inhibit the translation of HIF2alpha, we investigated whether Tempol, a stable nitroxide that activates IRP1 towards IRE-binding, might have a therapeutic effect on a panel of human CCRCC cells expressing both HIF1alpha and HIF2alpha. We first evaluated the protein expression of HIF1alpha and HIF2alpha in 15 different clear cell renal carcinoma cell lines established from patient tumors in our laboratory. Tempol decreased the expression of HIF2alpha, and its downstream targets in all the cell lines of the panel. This effect was attributed to a dramatic increase of IRE-binding activity of IRP1. Several cell lines were found to have an increased IRP1 basal activity at 20% O2 compared to 5% O2, which may lower HIF2alpha expression in some of the cell lines in a VHL-independent manner. Taken together our data identify Tempol as an agent with potential therapeutic activity targeting expression of HIF2alpha in VHL-deficient clear cell kidney cancer and illustrate the importance of studying biochemical processes at relevant physiological O2 levels.

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[1453]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - MicroRNA-99a induces G1-phase cell cycle arrest and suppresses tumorigenicity in  renal cell carcinoma.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - BMC Cancer. 2012 Nov 23;12:546. doi: 10.1186/1471-2407-12-546.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1186/1471-2407-12-546

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Cui L; Zhou H; Zhao H; Zhou Y; Xu R; Xu X; Zheng L; Xue Z; Xia W; Zhang B; Ding T; Cao Y; Tian Z; Shi Q; He X

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 185 Juqian Street, Changzhou, 213003, China.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: A growing body of evidence suggests that microRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in cancer diagnosis and therapy. MicroRNA-99a (miR-99a), a potential tumor suppressor, is downregulated in several human malignancies. The expression and function of miR-99a, however, have not been investigated in human  renal cell carcinoma (RCC) so far. We therefore examined the expression of miR-99a in RCC cell lines and tissues, and assessed the impact of miR-99a on the  tumorigenesis of RCC. METHODS: MiR-99a levels in 40 pairs of RCC and matched adjacent non-tumor tissues were assessed by real-time quantitative Reverse Transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). The RCC cell lines 786-O and OS-RC-2 were transfected with miR-99a mimics to restore the expression of miR-99a. The effects of miR-99a were then assessed by cell proliferation, cell cycle, transwell, and colony formation assay. A murine xenograft model of RCC was used to confirm the effect of miR-99a on tumorigenicity in vivo. Potential target genes were identified by western blotting and luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS: We found that miR-99a was remarkably downregulated in RCC and low expression level of miR-99a was correlated with poor survival of RCC patients. Restoration of miR-99a dramatically suppressed RCC cells growth, clonability, migration and invasion as  well as induced G1-phase cell cycle arrest in vitro. Moreover, intratumoral delivery of miR-99a could inhibit tumor growth in murine xenograft models of human RCC. In addition, we also fond that mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) was a direct target of miR-99a in RCC cells. Furthermore, siRNA-mediated knockdown of mTOR partially phenocopied the effect of miR-99a overexpression, suggesting that the tumor suppressive role of miR-99a may be mediated primarily through mTOR regulation. CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, these results demonstrate for the first time, to our knowledge, that deregulation of miR-99a is involved in the etiology of RCC partially via direct targeting mTOR pathway, which suggests that  miR-99a may offer an attractive new target for diagnostic and therapeutic intervention in RCC.

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[1454]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Identification of metastamirs as metastasis-associated microRNAs in clear cell renal cell carcinomas.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Int J Biol Sci. 2012;8(10):1363-74. doi: 10.7150/ijbs.5106. Epub 2012 Oct 28.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 7150/ijbs.5106

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Wotschofsky Z; Liep J; Meyer HA; Jung M; Wagner I; Disch AC; Schaser KD; Melcher I; Kilic E; Busch J; Weikert S; Miller K; Erbersdobler A; Mollenkopf HJ; Jung K

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, University Hospital Charite, Berlin, Germany.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a pivotal role in cancerogenesis and cancer progression,  but their specific role in the metastasis of clear cell renal cell carcinomas (ccRCC) is still limited. Based on microRNA microarray analyses from normal and cancerous samples of ccRCC specimens and from bone metastases of ccRCC patients,  we identified a set of 57 differentially expressed microRNAs between these three  sample groups of ccRCC. A selected panel of 33 miRNAs was subsequently validated  by RT-qPCR on total 57 samples. Then, 30 of the 33 examined miRNAs were confirmed to be deregulated. A stepwise down-regulation of miRNA expression from normal, over primary tumor to metastatic tissue samples, was found to be typical. A total of 23 miRNAs (miR-10b/-19a/-19b/-20a/-29a/-29b/-29c/-100/-101/-126/-127/-130/-141/-143/-145/-1 48a/-192/-194/-200c/-210/-215/-370/-514) were down-regulated in metastatic tissue samples compared with normal tissue. This down-regulated expression in metastatic tissue in comparison with primary tumor tissue was also present in 21 miRNAs. In  cell culture experiments with 5-aza-2’-deoxycytidine and trichostatin A, epigenetic modifications were shown as one reason of this down-regulation. The altered miRNA profiles, comprising newly identified metastasis-associated miRNAs, termed metastamir and the predicted miRNA-target interactions together with the significant correlations of miRNAs that were either lost or newly appeared in the studied sample groups, afford a solid basis for further functional analyses of individual miRNAs in RCC metastatic progression.

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[1455]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Primary undifferentiated penile sarcoma in adolescence.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Korean J Urol. 2012 Oct;53(10):733-6. doi: 10.4111/kju.2012.53.10.733. Epub 2012  Oct 19.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 4111/kju.2012.53.10.733

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Choi YH; Kim HW; Ahn JH; Hwang DS; Lee JW; Lee BK; Jun SE; Lim YT; Lee SD; Ha HK

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - We report a case of primary penile undifferentiated sarcoma. A 16-year-old adolescent man visited Pusan National University Hospital complaining of a painless mass on his penis that was increasing in size. Magnetic resonance images revealed a 5x5-cm mass and pathological examinations revealed small round cell sarcomas with neuroendocrine differentiation. The tumor, which had metastatic pulmonary nodules, was treated by tumorectomy and systemic chemotherapy. Thirty-four months after the initial diagnosis, the patient was still alive without evidence of local recurrence or metastatic disease. This is our second case of an undifferentiated penile sarcoma.

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[1456]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - The occult nature of intramedullary spinal cord metastases from renal cell carcinoma.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - British Medical J (BMJ). Acceso gratuito al texto completo.

            ●● Enlace a la Editora de la Revista bmj.com/search.dtl 

            ●● Cita: British Medical J. (BMJ): <> Case Rep. 2012 Nov 21;2012. pii: bcr2012007476. doi: 10.1136/bcr-2012-007476.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1136/bcr-2012-007476

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Zakaria Z; Fenton E; Jansen M; O’Brien D

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Neurosurgery, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland. zakariaz@tcd.ie

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Renal cell carcinomas (RCC) are characterised by a tendency to metastasise widely, often while remaining occult. Intramedullary spinal cord metastases (ISCM) from RCC may be the presenting feature of the disease or present at any time in the disease course. This case report discusses an ISCM from RCC which became manifested at the time of resection of the primary tumour. We review the literature published on ISCM from RCC from 1990 to date comparing disease characteristics and presentations.

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[1457]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma: is there a best?

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Clin Genitourin Cancer. 2013 Mar;11(1):39-44. doi: 10.1016/j.clgc.2012.08.009. Epub 2012 Oct 12.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.clgc.2012.08.009

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Gunay LM; Akdogan B; Koni A; Inci K; Bilen CY; Ozen H

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Mersin Ozel Sistem Cerrahi Tip Merkezi, Mersin, Turkey. mertgunay@yahoo.com

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: This study aimed to determine the prognostic and risk factors for bladder and systemic recurrence after nephroureterectomy (NU) in patients with upper urinary tract (UUT) transitional cell carcinoma (TCC). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Data from 101 patients with nonmetastatic UUT TCC who underwent NU between 1987 and 2009 were retrospectively evaluated. Kaplan-Meier curves for sex, age, anemia, smoking, stone disease, or history of bladder tumor, primary tumor localization, multiplicity, and disease stage and grade were constructed to predict 5-year recurrence-free survival (RFS). Multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to identify independent risk factors for recurrence. RESULTS: Bladder, distant, and local recurrence rates at a mean of 56.19 +/- 5.30 months after NU were 38.5%, 19.8%, and 7.9%, respectively. Univariate analysis showed that among the patients with bladder recurrence, female patients had significantly lower 5-year RFS than did male patients (34.7% +/- 0.13% vs. 62.4%  +/- 0.06%, P = .038); however multivariate analysis showed that both female sex and a history of smoking were independent risk factors for bladder recurrence (odds ratio [OR], 4.22; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.56-11.4; P = 0.005 and OR, 2.84; 95% CI, 1.1-7.4; P = .032, respectively). Univariate analysis showed that among the patients with local and distant recurrence, anemia, a positive history of bladder tumor, localization of the primary tumor, multiplicity, disease stage, and tumor grade significantly affected RFS, whereas primary tumor  stage and grade were the only independent risk factors for 5-year RFS (OR, 4.48;  95% CI, 1.45-13.79; P = .009 and OR, 5.82; 95% CI, 2.08-16.26; P = .001, respectively). CONCLUSION: Female sex and a history of smoking were independent risk factors for bladder recurrence after NU. Such patients should be monitored closely using cystoscopy and urine cytologic examination. Invasive and higher grade UUT TCC was associated with worse local or systemic RFS.

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[1458]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Changes in Prostate Cancer Aggressiveness over a 12-Year Period in Korea.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Korean J Urol. 2012 Oct;53(10):680-5. doi: 10.4111/kju.2012.53.10.680. Epub 2012  Oct 19.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 4111/kju.2012.53.10.680

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Kim D; Choi D; Lim JH; Yoon JH; Jeong IG; You D; Hong JH; Ahn H; Kim CS

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - PURPOSE: To investigate whether tumor aggressiveness in patients with prostate cancer has changed in Korea since the introduction of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The data from 2,508 patients with pathologically confirmed prostate cancer who underwent radical prostatectomy at Asan Medical Center between 2000 and 2011 were reviewed. The patients were divided into four 3-year time series, and the changes between the groups in terms of serum PSA levels, pathological Gleason score (GS), and pathological stage were assessed. The change in GS over time in organ-confined disease and in patients whose PSA was below 10 ng/ml was also analyzed. RESULTS: The mean PSA levels dropped significantly over the 12-year period (p<0.001). The frequency of organ-confined disease increased (55.7% vs. 64.7% vs. 62.9% vs. 63.5%, p=0.043).  The frequency of patients with a GS of 8 or more decreased (38.9% vs. 25.7% vs. 18.2% vs. 19.7%) and the frequency of patients with a GS of 6 or less increased (15.0% vs. 18.9% vs. 26.7% vs. 18.2%, p=0.003). However, the vast majority (more  than 70%) of all cases had a high GS (7 or greater) at all time points. The GS distribution did not change over time in patients whose PSA levels were below 10  ng/ml or in those who had organ-confined disease. CONCLUSIONS: In 2000 to 2011, the preoperative PSA, pathological stage, and pathological GS dropped. However, the majority of the prostate cancers in Korean men were poorly differentiated, even when the patients had organ-confined disease or their PSA levels were less than 10 ng/ml.

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[1459]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Collision tumour involving a rectal gastrointestinal stromal tumour with invasion of the prostate and a prostatic adenocarcinoma.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Diagn Pathol. 2012 Oct 30;7:150. doi: 10.1186/1746-1596-7-150.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1186/1746-1596-7-150

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Macias-Garcia L; De la Hoz-Herazo H; Robles-Frias A; Pareja-Megia MJ; Lopez-Garrido J; Lopez JI

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Unidad de gestion clinica de Oncohematologia y Anatomia Patologica, Hospital Universitario de Valme, Carretera de Cadiz s/n, 41014, Sevilla, España. laura.macias.garcia@gmail.com

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs) are the most common primary  mesenchymal neoplasia in the gastrointestinal tract, although they represent only a small fraction of total gastrointestinal malignancies in adults (<2%). GISTs can be located at any level of the gastrointestinal tract; the stomach is the most common location (60-70%), in contrast to the rectum, which is most rare (4%). When a GIST invades into the adjacent prostate tissue, it can simulate prostate cancer. In this study, we report on a case comprising the unexpected collision between a rectal GIST tumour and a prostatic adenocarcinoma. FINDINGS:  We describe the complexity of the clinical, endoscopic and radiological diagnosis, of the differential diagnosis based on tumour biopsy, and of the role  of neoadjuvant therapy using imatinib prior to surgical treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Although isolated cases of coexisting GISTs and prostatic adenocarcinomas have previously been described, this is the first reported case in the medical literature of a collision tumour involving a rectal GIST and prostatic adenocarcinoma components. VIRTUAL SLIDES: The virtual slide(s) for this article  can be found here: diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/1238437468776331.

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[1460]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Chronic asymptomatic inflammation of the prostate type IV and carcinoma of the prostate: Is there a correlation?

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Scand J Urol. 2012 Oct 22.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 3109/00365599.2012.733961

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Engelhardt PF; Brustmann H; Seklehner S; Riedl CR

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology and Andrology , Landesklinikum Thermenregion Baden , Austria.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Abstract Objective. The aim of this study was to detect possible correlations between chronic asymptomatic inflammation of the prostate type IV and prostate cancer in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy (RPE). Material and methods.  Between January and December 2010, 57 RPE specimens were prospectively evaluated  with regard to histological signs of chronic inflammation. This RPE group was compared to specimens of 82 men undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) or transvesical enucleation (TVE) of a benign prostate (BPH group). To characterize inflammatory changes, inflammatory “hot spots” were defined according to the histological criteria of Irani et al. (J Urol 1997;157:1301-3). Total prostate-specific antigen (PSA), cholesterol, triglycerides, uric acid, International Prostate Symptom Score and body mass index (BMI) were evaluated preoperatively and were correlated to the histological findings. Results. Chronic inflammation was verified in 43.86% of the RPE group,  compared to 70.74% of the BPH group (p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis found a significant correlation between older patients and the inflammation score (p < 0.03) and prostate volume (p < 0.03). There was no difference in the PSA values between the inflammation and non-inflammation groups: mean PSA was 5.7 vs 6.1 ng/ml in the RPE group (p < 0.89), and 2.8 vs 2.9 ng/ml in the BPH group (p < 0.94). Gleason score distribution (5-9) and tumour stage (TNM) were similar in the inflammation and non-inflammation groups (p < 0.99, p < 0.21). Conclusions.No significant correlation between chronic prostatic inflammation and carcinoma of the prostate was detected. Contrary to expectations, a significantly higher score of inflammatory changes was found in BPH patients; also, total PSA levels were lower in the inflammation group.

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[1461]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Bladder cancer and schistosomiasis.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - J Egypt Natl Canc Inst. 2012 Dec;24(4):151-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jnci.2012.08.002. Epub 2012 Sep 20.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.jnci.2012.08.002

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Zaghloul MS

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Radiation Oncology Department, Children’s Cancer Hospital and National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt. Electronic address: mszagh@yahoo.com.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Schistosoma-associated bladder cancer was believed, for several decades, to be a  completely unique entity of disease, different from urothelial cancer. This was probably due to its distinct clinicopathologic and demographic features that varied from those of urothelial entity. The carcinogenesis is an extremely complex process resulting from the accumulation of many genetic and epigenetic changes leading to alterations in the cell proliferation regulation process. In bladder cancer, many of these carcinogenic cascades were not fully documented or  somewhat conflicting. Inspite of the efforts performed, much is still needed to explore the presence or absence of the carcinogenic difference with a different etiology. The control of schistosomiasis in certain countries and the subsequent  decrease in the intensity of infestation showed changing of features approaching  that of urothelial tumors. However the schistosoma-associated bladder cancer presented in more advanced stages than schistosoma-non associated urothelial cancer. More recently, data are gathered that, upon applying the same treatment protocol and management care, stage by stage comparison of the treatment end-results were found to be similar in bladder cancer patients with a different  etiology. All treatment options; including radical cystectomy with or without adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemo- or radiotherapy or trimodality bladder preserving  treatment seem to lead to similar end-results regardless of etiologic factor(s) implicated in bladder cancer development.

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[1462]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Chemoprevention of prostate cancer: soy isoflavones and curcumin.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Korean J Urol. 2012 Oct;53(10):665-72. doi: 10.4111/kju.2012.53.10.665. Epub 2012 Oct 19.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 4111/kju.2012.53.10.665

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Horie S

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - The burden of increasing morbidity and mortality due to prostate cancer imposes a need for new, effective measures of prevention in daily life. The influence of lifestyle on carcinogenesis in Asian men who migrate to Western cultures supports a causal role for dietary, environmental, and genetic factors in the epidemiology of prostate cancer. Chemoprevention, a prophylactic approach that uses nontoxic natural or synthetic compounds to reverse, inhibit, or prevent cancer by targeting specific steps in the carcinogenic pathway, is gaining traction among health care practitioners. Soy isoflavones and curcumin, staples of the Asian diet, have shown promise as functional factors for the chemoprevention of prostate cancer because of their ability to modulate multiple intracellular signaling pathways, including cellular proliferation, apoptosis, inflammation, and androgen receptor signaling. Recent evidence has revealed the DNA damage response (DDR) to be one of the earliest events in the multistep progression of human epithelial carcinomas to invasive malignancy. Soy isoflavones and curcumin  activate the DDR, providing an opportunity and rationale for the clinical application of these nutraceuticals in the chemoprevention of prostate cancer.

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[1463]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Race is associated with discontinuation of active surveillance of low-risk prostate cancer: results from the Duke Prostate Center.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 2013 Mar;16(1):85-90. doi: 10.1038/pcan.2012.38. Epub 2012 Oct 16.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1038/pcan.2012.38

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Abern MR; Bassett MR; Tsivian M; Banez LL; Polascik TJ; Ferrandino MN; Robertson CN; Freedland SJ; Moul JW

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Division of Urology, Department of Surgery and the Duke Prostate Center, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Active surveillance (AS) is increasingly utilized in low-risk prostate cancer (PC) patients. Although black race has traditionally been associated with adverse PC characteristics, its prognostic value for patients managed with AS is unclear. METHODS: A retrospective review identified 145 patients managed with AS at the Duke Prostate Center from January 2005 to September 2011. Race was patient-reported and categorized as black, white or other. Inclusion criteria included PSA <10 ng ml(-1), Gleason sum </= 6, and </=  33% of cores with cancer on diagnostic biopsy. The primary outcome was discontinuation of AS for treatment due to PC progression. In men who proceeded to treatment after AS, the trigger for treatment, follow-up PSA and biopsy characteristics were analyzed. Time to treatment was analyzed with univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazards models and also stratified by race. RESULTS: In our AS cohort, 105 (72%) were white, 32 (22%) black and 8 (6%) another race. Median follow-up was 23.0 months, during which 23% percent of men proceeded to treatment. The demographic, clinical and follow-up characteristics did not differ by race. There was a trend toward more uninsured black men (15.6%  black, 3.8% white, 0% other, P = 0.06). Black race was associated with treatment  (hazard ratio (HR) 2.93, P = 0.01) as compared with white. When the analysis was  adjusted for socioeconomic and clinical parameters at the time of PC diagnosis, black race remained the sole predictor of treatment (HR 3.08, P = 0.01). Among men undergoing treatment, the trigger was less often patient driven in black men  (8 black, 33 white, 67% other, P = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Black race was associated  with discontinuation of AS for treatment. This relationship persisted when adjusted for socioeconomic and clinical parameters.

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[1464]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Identification of lymphatic pathway involved in the spread of bladder cancer: Evidence obtained from fluorescence navigation with intraoperatively injected indocyanine green.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Can Urol Assoc J. 2012 Sep 10:1-7. doi: 10.5489/cuaj.12096.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 5489/cuaj.12096

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Inoue S; Shiina H; Mitsui Y; Yasumoto H; Matsubara A; Igawa M

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo, Japan; Department of Urology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - INTRODUCTION:: We identify lymphatic vessels draining from the bladder by using fluorescence navigation (FN) system. METHODS:: In total, 12 candidates for radical cystectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) were included in this  study. After an indocyanine green (ICG) solution was injected into the bladder during radical cystectomy, lymphatic vessels draining from the bladder were analyzed using a FN system. PLND was based on the lymphatic mapping created from  the FN measurements (in vivo probing) in the external iliac, obturator and internal iliac regions; after PLND, the fluorescence of the removed lymph nodes (LNs) was analyzed on the bench (ex vivo probing). RESULTS:: There were no patients with complications associated with the intravesical ICG injection. A lymphatic pathway along inferior vesical vessels to internal iliac LNs was clearly illustrated in 7 cases. Under in-vivo probing, the fluorescence intensity of internal iliac nodes was greater than that of external iliac or obturator nodes. Under ex-vivo probing, the fluorescence intensity of internal iliac and obturator nodes was greater than that of external iliac nodes. CONCLUSIONS:: Using an FN system after injecting ICG during a radical cystectomy operation is a safe and rational approach to detecting the lymphatic channel draining from the bladder.

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[1465]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Achieving the achievable in muscle-invasive bladder cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Can Urol Assoc J. 2012 Aug;6(4):251-2. doi: 10.5489/cuaj.12220.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 5489/cuaj.12220

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Booth CM; Mackillop WJ

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Division of Cancer Care and Epidemiology, Queen’s University Cancer Research Institute, Kingston, ON.

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[1466]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - MicroRNA Response Elements-Mediated miRNA-miRNA Interactions in Prostate Cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Adv Bioinformatics. 2012;2012:839837. doi: 10.1155/2012/839837. Epub 2012 Nov 4.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1155/2012/839837

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Alshalalfa M

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Computer Science, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 1N4 ; Biotechnology Research Center, Palestine Polytechnic University, Hebron, Palestine.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - The cell is a highly organized system of interacting molecules including proteins, mRNAs, and miRNAs. Analyzing the cell from a systems perspective by integrating different types of data helps revealing the complexity of diseases. Although there is emerging evidence that microRNAs have a functional role in cancer, the role of microRNAs in mediating cancer progression and metastasis remains not fully explored. As the amount of available miRNA and mRNA gene expression data grows, more systematic methods combining gene expression and biological networks become necessary to explore miRNA function. In this work I integrated functional miRNA-target interactions with mRNA and miRNA expression to infer mRNA-mediated miRNA-miRNA interactions. The inferred network represents miRNA modulation through common targets. The network is used to characterize the  functional role of microRNA response element (MRE) to mediate interactions between miRNAs targeting the MRE. Results revealed that miRNA-1 is a key player in regulating prostate cancer progression. 11 miRNAs were identified as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers that act as tumor suppressor miRNAs. This work demonstrates the utility of a network analysis as opposed to differential expression to find important miRNAs that regulate prostate cancer.

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[1467]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Cascaded discrimination of normal, abnormal, and confounder classes in histopathology: Gleason grading of prostate cancer.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - BMC Bioinformatics. 2012 Oct 30;13:282. doi: 10.1186/1471-2105-13-282.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1186/1471-2105-13-282

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Doyle S; Feldman MD; Shih N; Tomaszewski J; Madabhushi A

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Ibris, Inc., Monmouth Junction, New Jersey, USA. scottydoyle@ibrisinc.com

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Automated classification of histopathology involves identification of multiple classes, including benign, cancerous, and confounder categories. The confounder tissue classes can often mimic and share attributes with both the diseased and normal tissue classes, and can be particularly difficult to identify, both manually and by automated classifiers. In the case of prostate cancer, they may be several confounding tissue types present in a biopsy sample,  posing as major sources of diagnostic error for pathologists. Two common multi-class approaches are one-shot classification (OSC), where all classes are identified simultaneously, and one-versus-all (OVA), where a “target” class is distinguished from all “non-target” classes. OSC is typically unable to handle discrimination of classes of varying similarity (e.g. with images of prostate atrophy and high grade cancer), while OVA forces several heterogeneous classes into a single “non-target” class. In this work, we present a cascaded (CAS) approach to classifying prostate biopsy tissue samples, where images from different classes are grouped to maximize intra-group homogeneity while maximizing inter-group heterogeneity. RESULTS: We apply the CAS approach to categorize 2000 tissue samples taken from 214 patient studies into seven classes: epithelium, stroma, atrophy, prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), and prostate cancer Gleason grades 3, 4, and 5. A series of increasingly granular binary classifiers are used to split the different tissue classes until the images have been categorized into a single unique class. Our automatically-extracted image feature set includes architectural features based on location of the nuclei within the tissue sample as well as texture features extracted on a per-pixel level. The CAS strategy yields a positive predictive value (PPV) of 0.86 in classifying the 2000 tissue images into one of 7 classes,  compared with the OVA (0.77 PPV) and OSC approaches (0.76 PPV). CONCLUSIONS: Use  of the CAS strategy increases the PPV for a multi-category classification system  over two common alternative strategies. In classification problems such as histopathology, where multiple class groups exist with varying degrees of heterogeneity, the CAS system can intelligently assign class labels to objects by performing multiple binary classifications according to domain knowledge.

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[1468]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Antiproliferative Activities on Renal, Prostate and Melanoma Cancer Cell Lines of Sarcopoterium Spinosum Aerial Parts and its Major Constituent Tormentic Acid.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Anticancer Agents Med Chem. 2012 Nov 13.

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Loizzo MR; Bonesi M; Passalacqua NG; Saab A; Menichini F; Tundis R

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Calabria, I-87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy. tundis@unical.it.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - The search for improved cytotoxic agents continues to be an important line in the discovery of modern anticancer drugs. Sarcopoterium spinosum (L.) Spach is mentioned in ethnobotanical surveys as a medicinal plant used for the treatment of cancer. The aim of this study is to investigate and to compare the aerial parts of S. spinosum collected in Italy and Lebanon for their chemical composition and their antiproliferative activity against ACHN, C32, A375, MCF-7,  LNCaP and HeLa human cancer cell lines using SRB assay. The main constituent tormentic acid was isolated by MPLC and characterized by spectroscopic techniques (NMR, MS). Non polar compounds were analyzed by GC and GC-MS. S. spinosum showed  an interesting antiproliferative activity against ACHN and C32 cell lines with IC50 values of 2.4 and 2.7 g/ml for S. spinosum from Italy and Lebanon, respectively. Remarkable results were obtained also against A375 and LNCaP cell lines. The cytotoxicity against ACHN cell line could be partially attributed to tormentic acid that demonstrated a higher cytotoxicity than the positive control  vinblastine. Close association between the radical scavenging activity (evaluated by DPPH and ABTS assay) and cytotoxicity was also demonstrated. This investigation demonstrated the potential cytotoxic activity of S. spinosum taking into account also that none of the tested extracts, fractions and isolated compound affected the proliferation of normal cell line 142BR. Tormentic acid, the major constituent isolated from S. spinosum, play an important role in the cytotoxicity exhibited by the extract.

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[1469]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - c-KIT: Potential Predictive Factor for the Efficacy of Sorafenib in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma With Sarcomatoid Feature.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Clin Genitourin Cancer. 2012 Oct 8. pii: S1558-7673(12)00174-7. doi: 10.1016/j.clgc.2012.08.007.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.clgc.2012.08.007

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Zhang HL; Zhu Y; Qin XJ; Wang CF; Yao XD; Zhang SL; Dai B; Zhu YP; Shi GH; Ye DW

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - BACKGROUND: Vascular endothelial growth factor-targeted therapy has been standard care for metastatic renal cell carcinoma for years. However, little clinical experience on these agents in the treatment of sarcomatoid tumors has been documented. The aim of the present study was to detect the expression of c-KIT in the primary tumor of metastatic renal cell carcinoma with sarcomatoid feature, and to reveal its potential value of predicting the efficacy of sorafenib treatment and survival of the patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Seventeen patients  were enrolled and treated with sorafenib as a second-line treatment after cytokine therapy. The expressions of c-KIT was tested immunohistochemically in the 17 specimens of primary renal tumors. The correlation between c-KIT status and treatment effect was compared. Univariate and multivariate analysis were employed to determine the survival difference between c-KIT-positive and c-KIT-negative patients. RESULTS: Twelve of 17 specimens (70.6%) were detected to be overexpressing c-KIT. c-KIT positive patients had higher disease control rate  (75%) compared with c-KIT-negative patients (25%), P = .036. Median overall survival time was 92 weeks for c-KIT positive patients and 44 weeks for c-KIT negative patients, log rank chi(2) = 9.566, P = .002. Multivariate Cox regression model analysis only revealed number of metastatic organs and c-KIT as independent prognostic factors. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that c-KIT can be a potential predictive factor for metastatic renal cell carcinoma with sarcomatoid  feature in treatment using sorafenib, and patients with positive c-KIT expression might have better responses and obtain longer overall survival time.

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[1470]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Urothelial carcinoma arising from a large ureteral polyp.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Korean J Urol. 2012 Nov;53(11):807-9. doi: 10.4111/kju.2012.53.11.807. Epub 2012  Nov 14.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 4111/kju.2012.53.11.807

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Min K; Jung SJ; Chung JI; Yoon JH; Kang DI

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - We report an unusual case of a urothelial tumor on a ureteral polyp without hydronephrosis. The patient was a 50-year-old male. He had experienced several episodes of gross hematuria. Cystoscopy revealed a tumor that periodically prolapsed into the bladder. The tumor had a smooth-surfaced stalk with an erythematous, edematous lesion at the end. Tomography showed a mass and filling defect at the left ureterovesical junction. The results of urine cytology tests were negative. After the tumor was identified as a urothelial carcinoma by frozen biopsy analysis, a ureteroscopic resection was performed. The final pathological  diagnosis was urothelial carcinoma arising in a ureteral polyp. No recurrence of  the tumor or polyp was observed at the 3-month follow-up. To our knowledge, this  is the first report in the Korean population of a urothelial tumor arising from a ureteral polyp.

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[1471]

TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Reduction of pro-tumorigenic activity of human prostate cancer-associated fibroblasts using Dlk1 or SCUBE1.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Dis Model Mech. 2013 Mar;6(2):530-6. doi: 10.1242/dmm.010355. Epub 2012 Nov 7.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1242/dmm.010355

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Orr B; Grace OC; Brown P; Riddick AC; Stewart GD; Franco OE; Hayward SW; Thomson AA

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - MRC Human Reproductive Sciences Unit, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, 47  Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK.

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Human prostatic cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) can elicit malignant changes in initiated but non-tumorigenic human prostate epithelium, demonstrating that they possess pro-tumorigenic properties. We set out to reduce the pro-tumorigenic activity of patient CAFs using the Dlk1 and SCUBE1 molecules that we had previously identified in prostate development. Our hypothesis was that mesenchymally expressed molecules might reduce CAF pro-tumorigenic activity, either directly or indirectly. We isolated primary prostatic CAFs and characterised their expression of CAF markers, expression of Notch2, Dlk1 and SCUBE1 transcripts, and confirmed their ability to stimulate BPH1 epithelial cell proliferation. Next, we expressed Dlk1 or SCUBE1 in CAFs and determined their effects upon tumorigenesis in vivo following recombination with BPH1 epithelia and xenografting in SCID mice. Tumour size was reduced by about 75% and BPH1 proliferation was reduced by about 50% after expression of Dlk1 or SCUBE1 in CAFs, and there was also a reduction in invasion of BPH1 epithelia into the host  kidney. Inhibition of Notch signalling, using inhibitor XIX, led to a reduction in BPH1 cell proliferation in CAF-BPH1 co-cultures, whereas inhibition of Dlk1 in NIH3T3-conditioned media led to an increase in BPH1 growth. Our results suggest that pro-tumorigenic CAF activity can be reduced by the expression of developmental pathways.

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TÍTULO / TITLE:  - Bladder cancer: Lack of progress in bladder cancer—what are the obstacles?

RESUMEN / SUMMARY:  - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary

REVISTA / JOURNAL:  - Nat Rev Urol. 2013 Jan;10(1):5-6. doi: 10.1038/nrurol.2012.219. Epub 2012 Nov 20.

            ●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1038/nrurol.2012.219

AUTORES / AUTHORS:  - Soloway MS

INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION:  - Department of Urology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, PO Box 016960 (M814), Miami, FL 33103, USA. msoloway@med.miami.edu

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