#15#
Revisiones (todas) *** Reviews (all)
Urological tumors.
December 2012 - January 2013
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[1]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - A meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies to identify prostate cancer susceptibility loci associated with aggressive and non-aggressive disease.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - Hum Mol Genet. 2013 Jan 15;22(2):408-415. Epub 2012 Oct 12.
●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1093/hmg/dds425
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Amin Al Olama A; Kote-Jarai Z; Schumacher FR; Wiklund F; Berndt SI; Benlloch S; Giles GG; Severi G; Neal DE; Hamdy FC; Donovan JL; Hunter DJ; Henderson BE; Thun MJ; Gaziano M; Giovannucci EL; Siddiq A; Travis RC; Cox DG; Canzian F; Riboli E; Key TJ; Andriole G; Albanes D; Hayes RB; Schleutker J; Auvinen A; Tammela TL; Weischer M; Stanford JL; Ostrander EA; Cybulski C; Lubinski J; Thibodeau SN; Schaid DJ; Sorensen KD; Batra J; Clements JA; Chambers S; Aitken J; Gardiner RA; Maier C; Vogel W; Dork T; Brenner H; Habuchi T; Ingles S; John EM; Dickinson JL; Cannon-Albright L; Teixeira MR; Kaneva R; Zhang HW; Lu YJ; Park JY; Cooney KA; Muir KR; Leongamornlert DA; Saunders E; Tymrakiewicz M; Mahmud N; Guy M; Govindasami K; O’Brien LT; Wilkinson RA; Hall AL; Sawyer EJ; Dadaev T; Morrison J; Dearnaley DP; Horwich A; Huddart RA; Khoo VS; Parker CC; Van As N; Woodhouse CJ; Thompson A; Dudderidge T; Ogden C; Cooper CS; Lophatonanon A; Southey MC; Hopper JL; English D; Virtamo J; Le Marchand L; Campa D; Kaaks R; Lindstrom S; Diver WR; Gapstur S; Yeager M; Cox A; Stern MC; Corral R; Aly M; Isaacs W; Adolfsson J; Xu J; Zheng SL; Wahlfors T; Taari K; Kujala P; Klarskov P; Nordestgaard BG; Roder MA; Frikke-Schmidt R; Bojesen SE; Fitzgerald LM; Kolb S; Kwon EM; Karyadi DM; Orntoft TF; Borre M; Rinckleb A; Luedeke M; Herkommer K; Meyer A; Serth J; Marthick JR; Patterson B; Wokolorczyk D; Spurdle A; Lose F; McDonnell SK; Joshi AD; Shahabi A; Pinto P; Santos J; Ray A; Sellers TA; Lin HY; Stephenson RA; Teerlink C; Muller H; Rothenbacher D; Tsuchiya N; Narita S; Cao GW; Slavov C; Mitev V; Chanock S; Gronberg H; Haiman CA; Kraft P; Easton DF; Eeles RA
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - These authors jointly directed this work.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified multiple common genetic variants associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer (PrCa), but these explain less than one-third of the heritability. To identify further susceptibility alleles, we conducted a meta-analysis of four GWAS including 5953 cases of aggressive PrCa and 11 463 controls (men without PrCa). We computed association tests for approximately 2.6 million SNPs and followed up the most significant SNPs by genotyping 49 121 samples in 29 studies through the international PRACTICAL and BPC3 consortia. We not only confirmed the association of a PrCa susceptibility locus, rs11672691 on chromosome 19, but also showed an association with aggressive PrCa [odds ratio = 1.12 (95% confidence interval 1.03-1.21), P = 1.4 x 10(-8)]. This report describes a genetic variant which is associated with aggressive PrCa, which is a type of PrCa associated with a poorer prognosis.
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[2]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - A review of safety, efficacy, and utilization of erythropoietin, darbepoetin, and peginesatide for patients with cancer or chronic kidney disease: a report from the Southern Network on Adverse Reactions (SONAR).
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - Semin Thromb Hemost. 2012 Nov;38(8):783-96. doi: 10.1055/s-0032-1328884. Epub 2012 Oct 30.
●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1055/s-0032-1328884
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Bennett CL; Spiegel DM; Macdougall IC; Norris L; Qureshi ZP; Sartor O; Lai SY; Tallman MS; Raisch DW; Smith SW; Silver S; Murday AS; Armitage JO; Goldsmith D
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - The Southern Network on Adverse Reactions project, the South Carolina Center of Economic Excellence for Medication Safety, the South Carolina College of Pharmacy, Columbia, USA. bennettc@sccp.sc.edu
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - The erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) erythropoietin and darbepoetin prevent transfusions among chemotherapy-associated anemia patients. Clinical trials, meta-analyses, and guidelines identify mortality, tumor progression, and venous thromboembolism (VTE) risks with ESA administration in this setting. Product labels advise against administering ESAs with potentially curative chemotherapy (United States) or to conduct risk-benefit assessments (Europe/Canada). Since 2007, fewer chemotherapy-associated anemia patients in the United States and Europe receive ESAs. ESAs and the erythropoietin receptor agonist peginesatide prevent transfusions among chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients; clinical trials, guidelines, and meta-analyses demonstrate myocardial infarction, stroke, VTE, or mortality risks with ESAs targeting high hemoglobin levels. U.S. labels recommend administering ESAs or peginesatide at doses sufficient to prevent transfusions among dialysis CKD patients. For dialysis CKD patients, Canadian and European labels recommend targeting hemoglobin levels of 10 to 12 g/dL and 11 to 12 g/dL, respectively, with ESAs. ESA utilization for dialysis CKD patients has decreased in the United States.
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[3]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Axitinib, a new therapeutic option in renal cell carcinoma.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - Drugs Today (Barc). 2012 Oct;48(10):633-44. doi: 10.1358/dot.2012.48.10.1860768.
●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1358/dot.2012.48.10.1860768
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Kessler ER; Bowles DW; Flaig TW; Lam ET; Jimeno A
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - University of Colorado School of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Denver, Colorado 80045, USA.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Axitinib is a small-molecule protein-tyrosine kinase receptor inhibitor specifically targeting this family of receptors, in addition to platelet-derived growth factor receptor and proto-oncogene c-Kit. Improved knowledge of kidney cancer development, and specifically mutations in the VHL gene, has supported the targeting of angiogenesis pathways. Axitinib is the most recently approved agent for use in metastatic renal cell carcinoma. This review will focus on the preclinical pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and clinical activity of this agent, and describe its place in the current treatment of renal cell carcinoma.
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[4]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Upper urinary tract recurrence following radical cystectomy for bladder cancer: a meta-analysis on 13,185 patients.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - J Urol. 2012 Dec;188(6):2046-54. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.08.017. Epub 2012 Oct 18.
●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.juro.2012.08.017
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Picozzi S; Ricci C; Gaeta M; Ratti D; Macchi A; Casellato S; Bozzini G; Carmignani L
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - Urology Department, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, University of Milan, Milan, Italy. stepico@tin.it
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - PURPOSE: Patients who undergo radical cystectomy for urothelial cancer are at risk for upper urinary tract disease in the remnant transitional tissue. Previous studies have identified several risk factors for upper urinary tract recurrence but the predictive value of each factor remains controversial. Furthermore, the schedule for surveillance of the upper urinary tract with imaging techniques and cytology has not been established. International guidelines do not address these topics and refer only to isolated works with a large case based analysis. We performed this meta-analysis to evaluate the effective incidence of upper urinary tract recurrence after cystectomy for bladder cancer, to analyze the risk factors so we can create subgroups of patients at high risk for recurrence and to investigate the real role of screening in the detection of upper tract lesions at an early stage. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A bibliographic search covering the period from January 1970 to July 2010 was conducted using PubMed®, MEDLINE and EMBASE®. This analysis is based on the 27 studies that fulfilled the predefined inclusion criteria. Data were analyzed using a fixed effect logistic regression approach and classic meta-analysis. RESULTS: A total of 13,185 participants were included in the analysis. Followup was described in 22 studies and ranged from 0.36 to 349.2 months. The overall prevalence of upper tract transitional cell cancer after cystectomy ranged from 0.75% to 6.4%. Recurrence appeared at a range of 2.4 to 164 months, and in an advanced (64.6%) or metastatic state (35.6%) as reflected in poor survival rates. Patients with low grade vs high grade lesions at cystectomy showed as strong a significant difference in incidence as those with carcinoma in situ and superficial cancer vs invasive cancers and as strong as in those without lymph node involvement, with multifocal disease, with a history of multiple urothelial recurrences, with positive ureteral margins, with positive urethral margins, with urethral involvement and a history of upper urinary tract urothelial cancer. Data do not support a statistically significant difference in recurrence among patients with a history of carcinoma in situ, solitary lesion and among various types of urinary diversion adopted. In 24 studies the followup schedule included periodic radiological assessment of the upper urinary tract and in 20 it included urinary cytology. In 14 studies in 63 of 166 patients (38%) upper urinary tract recurrence was diagnosed by followup investigation whereas in the remaining 62% diagnosis was based on symptoms. When urine cytology was used in surveillance the rate of primary detection was 7% and with upper urinary tract imaging it was 29.6%. Of 5,537 patients who underwent routine cytological examination, recurrence was diagnosed in 1.8/1,000 and of those who underwent upper urinary tract imaging recurrence was diagnosed in 7.6/1,000. CONCLUSIONS: The recurrence values could appear low when considering the pan-urothelial field defect theory, but these values reflect, in part, the mortality associated with the initial bladder cancer. Based on anamnesis and pathological examination of cystectomy specimens, a group of patients is at high risk. Extensive regular followup with cytology, urography and loopgraphy yields insufficient benefits. Periodic computerized tomography with urography combines the ability to study the upper urinary tract oncologically and functionally, and the identification of any parenchymal, osseous or lymph node secondary lesion.
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[5]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Targeting the androgen receptor.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - Urol Clin North Am. 2012 Nov;39(4):453-64. doi: 10.1016/j.ucl.2012.07.003.
●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.ucl.2012.07.003
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Friedlander TW; Ryan CJ
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - Division of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. terence.friedlander@ucsf.edu
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Androgen receptor (AR)-mediated signaling is critical to the growth and survival of prostate cancer. Although medical castration and antiandrogen therapy can decrease AR activity and lower PSA, castration resistance eventually develops. Recent work exploring the molecular structure and evolution of AR in response to hormonal therapies has revealed novel mechanisms of progression of castration-resistant prostate cancer and yielded new targets for drug development. This review focuses on understanding the mechanisms of persistent AR signaling in the castrate environment, and highlights new therapies either currently available or in clinical trials, including androgen synthesis inhibitors and novel direct AR inhibitors.
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[6]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Urachal adenocarcinoma: a clinician’s guide for treatment.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - Semin Oncol. 2012 Oct;39(5):619-24. doi: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2012.08.011.
●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1053/j.seminoncol.2012.08.011
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Siefker-Radtke A
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA. asiefker@mdanderson.org
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Urachal carcinoma is a rare non-urothelial malignancy frequently involving the midline or dome of the bladder due to direct extension from the urachal ligament, the structure from which this tumor arises. Nearly always an adenocarcinoma, it is important to recognize the diagnosis upfront due to the differences in surgery and chemotherapy as compared to traditional urothelial cancer. For patients with surgically resectable tumors, a partial cystectomy with en-bloc resection of the urachal ligament with the bladder dome and umbilicus is required to appropriately control the tumor. Leaving the umbilicus in place provides inadequate control and has been associated with a higher risk of relapse. A lymph node dissection also may help in the control of this cancer. While there is yet no proven role for neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy, combinations of 5-fluoruracil with cisplatin are active in those with metastases. Since the activity of this combination also has lead to surgical consolidation of node-positive disease, one might consider the potential for benefit from perioperative chemotherapy. A higher risk of relapse following surgery has been reported in those with positive margins, lymph node involvement, involvement of the peritoneal surface, or where the umbilicus was not resected en-bloc, and may predict a group of patients where the risk of relapse is sufficiently high enough to consider adjuvant chemotherapy. A recent clinical trial of 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, gemcitabine, and cisplatin has recently completed accrual in metastatic urachal carcinoma, with patients now in long-term follow-up.
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[7]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Radiologic imaging of patients with bladder cancer.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - Semin Oncol. 2012 Oct;39(5):543-58. doi: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2012.08.010.
●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1053/j.seminoncol.2012.08.010
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Purysko AS; Leao Filho HM; Herts BR
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - Department of Radiology, Section of Abdominal Imaging, and Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Imaging has an ancillary but important role in the detection, staging, and follow-up of bladder cancer. Computed tomography urography (CTU) has widely replaced intravenous urography (IVU) and is currently the imaging modality most commonly used for the initial evaluation of patients with or suspected of having bladder tumors, as CTU allows a fast and comprehensive evaluation of the urinary tract in a single exam. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) affords better soft tissue contrast, which allows for more accurate staging than can be achieved with other imaging modalities; the role of MRI in bladder cancer is expected to grow. Despite myriad technical advances, imaging of the bladder has several limitations and technical challenges. The performance of the common and some promising newer imaging modalities in the evaluation of bladder cancer are discussed.
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[8]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Renal cell carcinoma: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - Ann Oncol. 2012 Oct;23 Suppl 7:vii65-71.
●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1093/annonc/mds227
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Escudier B; Eisen T; Porta C; Patard JJ; Khoo V; Algaba F; Mulders P; Kataja V
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.
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[9]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Moving toward personalized medicine in castration-resistant prostate cancer.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - Urol Clin North Am. 2012 Nov;39(4):483-90. doi: 10.1016/j.ucl.2012.07.005. Epub 2012 Aug 27.
●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.ucl.2012.07.005
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Van Allen EM; Pomerantz M
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Recent advances in research technologies have allowed improved molecular characterization of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). These efforts hold promise for development of therapies that target alterations unique to an individual patient’s prostate cancer. Targets include androgens and the androgen receptor pathway, pathways associated with hormone-resistant disease, and the immune system. In aggregate, this will allow physicians to choose treatments based on a particular tumor profile. As these approaches are developed, CRPC treatment is becoming an example of truly personalized medicine.
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[10]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Photoselective vaporization with the green light laser vs transurethral resection of the prostate for treating benign prostate hyperplasia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - BJU Int. 2013 Feb;111(2):312-23. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11395.x. Epub 2012 Nov 13.
●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11395.x
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Teng J; Zhang D; Li Y; Yin L; Wang K; Cui X; Xu D
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - Department of Urology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China; Department of Urology, General Hospital of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Beijing Military Region, Beijing, China.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - WHAT’S KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT? AND WHAT DOES THE STUDY ADD?: Despite high morbidities, TURP is still considered as the ‘gold standard’ for treatment of BPH. Photoselective vaporization of the prostate (PVP) is a promising technique that is emerging as a possible alternative to TURP. However, there remains some debate about the advantages of PVP over TURP and whether PVP will be able to replace TURP as the first-line surgical treatment. We conducted a meta-analysis of recent papers on this subject and herein provide the overall efficacy and safety of PVP for treatment of BPH. OBJECTIVE: To assess the overall efficacy and safety of photoselective vaporization of the prostate (PVP) vs transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) for treating patients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) secondary to benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH). PATIENTS AND METHODS: A systematic search of the electronic databases, including MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science and The Cochrane Library, as well as manual bibliography searches were performed. The pooled estimates of maximum flow rate (Q(max) ), postvoid residual (PVR), quality of life (QoL), International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), operation duration, blood loss, catheterization time, hospital stay, capsule perforation, transfusion, transurethral resection (TUR) syndrome, urethral stricture and reintervention were calculated. RESULTS: At the 3-month follow-up, there was no significant difference in Q(max) , PVR, QoL and IPSS between the TURP and PVP groups. At the 6-month follow-up, the pooled QoL favoured TURP, but there was no significant difference in the other variables between the two groups. PVP was associated with less blood loss, transfusion, capsular perforation, TUR syndrome, shorter catheterization time and hospital stay, but longer operation duration and higher reintervention rate. CONCLUSIONS: The efficacy of PVP was similar to that of TURP in relation to Q(max) , PVR, QoL and IPSS, and it offered several advantages over TURP. As a promising minimal invasive technique, PVP could be used as an alternative surgical procedure for treating BPH.
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[11]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Targeted therapies in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: beyond the androgen receptor.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - Urol Clin North Am. 2012 Nov;39(4):517-31. doi: 10.1016/j.ucl.2012.07.008. Epub 2012 Sep 1.
●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.ucl.2012.07.008
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Loriot Y; Zoubeidi A; Gleave ME
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Prostate cancer is the most common male cancer and one of the top causes of male cancer-related death in Western countries. Most patients with prostate cancer respond to initial androgen deprivation therapy but eventually progress to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Although androgen receptor signaling remains the main driver in CRPC, a growing body of evidence suggests that other pathways are involved in this progression. This article reviews the preclinical data and current status of clinical trials therapeutically targeting tubulin, DNA repair, molecular chaperones such as CLU and Hsp27, tyrosine kinases, and DNA repair.
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[12]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Prognostic value of cell-cycle regulation biomarkers in bladder cancer.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - Semin Oncol. 2012 Oct;39(5):524-33. doi: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2012.08.008.
●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1053/j.seminoncol.2012.08.008
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Mitra AP; Hansel DE; Cote RJ
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - Department of Pathology and Center for Personalized Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - The determination of prognosis in bladder cancer is currently based on staging methods that rely primarily on the pathological stage of a tumor with limited objective correlates. The development and progression of bladder cancer involve alterations in several cellular pathways. Dysregulation in markers associated with cell-cycle regulation has been the most extensively examined molecular aberration in this cancer. Individual alterations of these markers have been associated with disease outcome, with several observations suggesting that their prognostic potential is independent of pathological stage. While many individual molecules in the cell growth receptor signaling, p53, and retinoblastoma (Rb) pathways have been identified, there is a general lack of consensus on which markers can be adopted in the clinical setting. More recent studies have suggested that the combination of markers as concise panels may be more beneficial in determining the degree of aggressiveness of a given tumor and its impending outcome than individual markers alone. This review will discuss alterations in molecules within pathways controlling cell-cycle regulation in the context of bladder cancer, and their impact on patient outcome when examined individually and in combination.
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[13]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Bone-targeted agents: preventing skeletal complications in prostate cancer.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - Urol Clin North Am. 2012 Nov;39(4):533-46. doi: 10.1016/j.ucl.2012.07.009. Epub 2012 Sep 4.
●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.ucl.2012.07.009
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Morgans AK; Smith MR
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - Department of Hematology/Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02114, USA. alicia.morgans@vanderbilt.edu
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - In men, prostate cancer is the most common non-cutaneous malignancy and the second most common cause of cancer death. Skeletal complications occur at various points during the disease course, either due to bone metastases directly, or as an unintended consequence of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Bone metastases are associated with pathologic fractures, spinal cord compression, and bone pain and can require narcotics or palliative radiation for pain relief. ADT results in bone loss and fragility fractures. This review describes the biology of bone metastases, skeletal morbidity, and recent advances in bone-targeted therapies to prevent skeletal complications of prostate cancer.
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[14]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - The role of treatment modality on the utility of predictive tissue biomarkers in clinical prostate cancer: a systematic review.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2013 Jan;139(1):1-24. doi: 10.1007/s00432-012-1351-7. Epub 2012 Nov 28.
●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s00432-012-1351-7
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Kachroo N; Gnanapragasam VJ
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - Translational Prostate Cancer Group, Hutchison MRC Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - BACKGROUND: Tissue biomarkers could pivotally improve clinical outcome prediction following prostate cancer therapy. Clinically, prostate cancer is managed by diverse treatment modalities whose individual influence on a biomarker’s predictive ability is not well understood and poorly investigated in the literature. OBJECTIVE: We conducted a systematic review to assess the predictive value of biomarkers in different treatment contexts in prostate cancer. STUDY METHODOLOGY: A literature search was performed using the MeSH headings “prostate neoplasms” and “biological markers”. Rigorous selection criteria identified studies correlating expression with clinical outcomes from primary androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), radical prostatectomy and radiotherapy (+/- neoadjuvant ADT). STUDY RESULTS: Of 10,668 studies identified, 481 papers matched initial inclusion criteria. Following rescreening, 384 studies identified 236 individual tissue biomarkers, of which 29 were predictive on multivariate analysis in at least 2 independent cohorts. The majority were only tested in surgical cohorts. Only 8 predictive biomarkers were tested across all 3 treatments with Ki67 identified as universal predictive marker. p16 showed potential for treatment stratification between surgery and radiotherapy but needs further validation in independent studies. CONCLUSIONS: Despite years of research, very few tissue biomarkers retain predictive value in independent validation across therapy context. Currently, none have conclusive ability to help treatment selection. Future biomarker research should consider the therapy context and use uniform methodology and evaluation criteria.
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[15]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Targeting angiogenesis as a promising modality for the treatment of prostate cancer.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - Urol Clin North Am. 2012 Nov;39(4):547-60. doi: 10.1016/j.ucl.2012.07.010.
●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.ucl.2012.07.010
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Lin J; Kelly WK
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - Department of Medical Oncology, Jefferson Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA. Jianqing.lin@jefferson.edu
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Antiangiogenic therapy has been successful for the treatment of solid tumors. Several strategies have been used to target angiogenesis in prostate cancer. These strategies include blocking proangiogenic factors via monoclonal antibodies or small molecule inhibitors targeting downstream signaling effector pathways, or using agents with immune-modulatory effects. This review examines the general concepts of tumor angiogenesis and the key clinical trials that have used these agents and other novel biologics in prostate cancer. Targeting angiogenesis is still a promising treatment strategy in prostate cancer with a rational trial design and combination approach.
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[16]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Risk of bleeding complications after preoperative antiplatelet withdrawal versus continuing antiplatelet drugs during transurethral resection of the prostate and prostate puncture biopsy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - Urol Int. 2012;89(4):433-8. doi: 10.1159/000343733. Epub 2012 Nov 13.
●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1159/000343733
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Wang J; Zhang C; Tan G; Chen W; Yang B; Tan D
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - Department of Urology, The General Hospital of Chongqing Iron and Steel Group, Chongqing, China. wangjiawu19850806 @ 126.com
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - OBJECTIVE: To systematically evaluate the risk of antiplatelet drugs (APs) on bleeding complications in urological surgery. METHODS: Studies were sought and included in this review if they were clinical controlled trials and involved transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) and prostate puncture biopsy (PPB), which compared preoperative AP withdrawal (control group) with continuing APs (experimental group) and revealed bleeding complications as outcomes. A literature search was conducted of the electronic databases PubMed, Ovid, ScienceDirect and Embase for studies published between 1990 and 2012. Two reviewers independently screened the studies for eligibility, evaluated the quality and extracted the data from the eligible studies, with confirmation by cross-checking. There was evidence of publication bias based on Egger’s test and funnel plot. Data were processed using Cochrane Review Manager 5.0 software. RESULTS: Nine studies involving 3,145 cases met the inclusion criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. The baselines of patients’ characteristics were comparable in all studies. The meta-analysis results showed that no differences were found in risk of bleeding after (1) TURP (OR 1.26, 95% CI 0.80-2.00, p = 0.32) or (2) PPB (OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.45-1.76, p = 0.73). CONCLUSION: Preoperative APs do not raise the risk of surgical bleeding complications in prostatectomy and PPB. Because of few studies and small samples, more high-quality trials with larger samples and longer follow-ups are proposed.
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[17]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Pelvic nodal imaging.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - Radiol Clin North Am. 2012 Nov;50(6):1111-25. doi: 10.1016/j.rcl.2012.08.002. Epub 2012 Oct 11.
●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.rcl.2012.08.002
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Hedgire SS; Pargaonkar VK; Elmi A; Harisinghani AM; Harisinghani MG
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - Division of Abdominal Imaging and Intervention, Massachusetts General Hospital-Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA. hedgire.sandeep@mgh.harvard.edu
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Detection of nodal metastases in men with pelvic urogenital malignancies is important for accurate staging and has therapeutic and prognostic implications. Knowledge of clinical anatomy of these nodes and the lymphatic pathways is critical for assigning the correct N or M staging and to assess the treatment response. Both computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging use size and morphologic criteria for nodal characterization. The limitations of these criteria have formed basis newer functional imaging tools. This article focuses on the clinical anatomy, pathways of lymphatic spread of malignancies, current criteria, and newer advances in imaging of male pelvic nodes.
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[18]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Systematic review and meta-analysis of COX-2 expression and polymorphisms in prostate cancer.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - Mol Biol Rep. 2012 Dec;39(12):10997-1004. doi: 10.1007/s11033-012-2001-5. Epub 2012 Oct 7.
●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s11033-012-2001-5
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Shao N; Feng N; Wang Y; Mi Y; Li T; Hua L
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - Department of Urology, Jiangsu Province Geriatric Hospital, 65 Jiangsu Road, Nanjing, 210024, China.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Evidence is accumulating that cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) may play an important role in prostate cancer (PCa). Recently, gene polymorphisms in COX-2 have been implicated to alter the risk of PCa and overexpression of COX-2 may be associated with clinical and prognostic significance in PCa. However, the results of these studies are inconclusive or controversial. To derive a more precise estimation of the relationships, we performed an updated meta-analysis. A comprehensive search was conducted to examine all the eligible studies of COX-2 polymorphism and expression in PCa. We used odds ratios (ORs) to assess the strength of the association and the 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) give a sense of the precision of the estimate. Overall, no significant associations between COX-2 polymorphism and PCa risk were found. However, high expression of COX-2 was significantly higher in T3-T4 stages of PCa than in T1-T2 stages of PCa (OR = 2.33, 95 %CI: 1.54-3.53, P < 0.0001). COX-2 might play an important role in the progress of PCa, overexpression of COX-2 correlates with T3-T4 stages of PCa. COX-2 might be a potential therapy target for PCa and work as a prognostic factor for PCa patients.
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[19]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Commentary on “association of androgen deprivation therapy with cardiovascular death in patients with prostate cancer: a meta-analysis of randomized trials.” Nguyen PL, Je Y, Schutz FA, Hoffman KE, Hu JC, Parekh A, Beckman JA, Choueiri TK, Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA: JAMA 2011;306(21):2359-66.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - Urol Oncol. 2012 Sep;30(5):746-7. doi: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2012.06.007.
●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.urolonc.2012.06.007
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Trump DL
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[20]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - The l58Val/Met polymorphism of catechol-O-methyl transferase gene and prostate cancer risk: a meta-analysis.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - Mol Biol Rep. 2013 Feb;40(2):1835-41. doi: 10.1007/s11033-012-2238-z. Epub 2012 Oct 21.
●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s11033-012-2238-z
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Xiao L; Tong M; Jin Y; Huang W; Li Z
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - Liaoning Medical College, Jinzhou, 121001, China.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - The association between COMT Val158Met polymorphism and prostate cancer has been evaluated. However, the results of these studies on the association remain conflicting. To derive a more precise estimation of the relationship, a meta-analysis was performed. A comprehensive search was conducted to identify the eligible studies of COMT Val158Met polymorphism and prostate cancer risk. Summary odds ratios (OR) and 95 % confidence interval (CI) for COMT Val158Met polymorphism and prostate cancer were calculated. Statistical analysis was performed with the software program Review Manage (Version 5.0) and Stata (Version 12.0). Six case-control studies, totally 4,118 persons including 2,143 cases and 1,975 controls, met the included criteria and thus were selected. Our analysis suggested that Val158Met polymorphism was associated with prostate cancer risk in overall population. Collectively, the results of the present study suggest that significant associations of COMT Val158Met polymorphisms with prostate cancer were observed (for additive model: OR = 1.068, 95 % CI = 1.002-1.138, P (heterogeneity) = 0.363, P = 0.043; for dominant model: OR = 1.266, 95 % CI = 1.057-1.517, P (heterogeneity) = 0.000, P = 0.011; for recessive model: OR = 1.050, 95 % CI = 0.961-1.146, P (heterogeneity) = 0.558, P = 0.279; and Val allele versus Met allele OR = 0.932, 95 % CI = 0.894-0.971, P (heterogeneity) = 0.272, P = 0.001). In the subgroup analysis, we detected no significant association between the COMT 158 Val/Met genotype and prostate cancer risk in Caucasian and Asian populations, while the contrary result for additive model (OR = 2.43, 95 % CI = 1.08-5.43, P (heterogeneity) = 0.04, P = 0.03) in Asian populations. The result of this meta-analysis suggests that COMT l58Val/Met polymorphism might be contributed to the overall prostate cancer risk.
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[21]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - APE1 Asp148Glu gene polymorphism and bladder cancer risk: a meta-analysis.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - Mol Biol Rep. 2013 Jan;40(1):171-6. doi: 10.1007/s11033-012-2046-5. Epub 2012 Nov 10.
●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s11033-012-2046-5
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Liu C; Yin Q; Li L; Zhuang YZ; Zu X; Wang Y
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - Department of Oncology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Changhai Hospital, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China. chuanliu2005@163.com
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Published data regarding the association between the apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) Asp148Glu polymorphism and bladder cancer risk showed inconclusive results. This meta-analysis of literatures was performed to draw a more precise estimation of the relationship. We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Elsevier and Springer for relevant articles with a time limit of Jan. 2012. The strength of association between APE1 Asp148Glu polymorphism and bladder cancer risk was assessed by odds ratio (OR) with the corresponding 95 % confidence interval (95 % CI) using the software STATA(version10.0).A total of 11 case-control studies including 4,292 cases and 4,761 controls based on the search criteria were included for analysis. Overall, for GG versus TT, the pooled OR was 0.952 (95 % CI = 0.778-1.166), for the the G allele carriers (TG + GG) versus homozygote TT, the pooled OR was 0.984 (95 % CI = 0.897-1.078). In the stratified analysis by ethnicity, significantly risks were not found among Asians for GG versus TT (OR = 0.469; 95 % CI = 0.162-1.357) nor (TG + GG) versus TT (OR = 0.921, 95 % CI = 0.742-1.143). Similarly, for non-Asians, significantly risks were also not found for GG versus TT (OR = 0.992; 95 % CI = 0.861-1.144) nor (TG + GG) versus TT (OR = 1.010, 95 % CI = 0.897-1.137). This meta-analysis suggested that the APE1 T1349G (Asp148Glu) polymorphism was not associated with bladder cancer risk among Asians nor non-Asians.
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[22]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Genitourinary imaging: part 2, role of imaging in medical management of advanced renal cell carcinoma.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2012 Nov;199(5):W554-64. doi: 10.2214/AJR.12.9233.
●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 2214/AJR.12.9233
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Shinagare AB; Krajewski KM; Jagannathan JP; Ramaiya NH
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - Department of Imaging, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA. ashinagare@partners.org
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - OBJECTIVE: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) comprises 80-85% of all primary renal neoplasms. Knowledge of the genetic and molecular features of RCC and the advent of molecular targeted therapy have revolutionized the treatment of RCC in the past decade. This article will review the changing role of the radiologist in the management of advanced RCC, especially in terms of the new relevance of RCC subtypes, treatment-related changes on imaging, new tumor response criteria, and commonly encountered molecular targeted therapy-related toxicities. CONCLUSION: In this era of personalized cancer treatment, imaging has assumed a central role in treatment selection and follow-up of advanced RCC.
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[23]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Current status of targeted therapy in metastatic transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - Semin Oncol. 2012 Oct;39(5):608-14. doi: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2012.08.004.
●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1053/j.seminoncol.2012.08.004
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Sadeghi S; Garcia JA
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - Department of Solid Tumor Oncology, Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute and Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Urothelial bladder cancer is the second most common genitourinary GU cancer and is among the deadliest and most expensive cancers to treat. The introduction of new regimens improving outcomes of bladder cancer has been slow compared to other GU cancers. This is despite the fact that understanding of the genetic make up of this disease is relatively old. Based on this knowledge, many targets have been identified and therapeutic strategies laid out. This article reviews the literature on the biology of the bladder cancer as it relates to identification of targets. It also provides a review of the data from clinical trials that were designed to test the therapeutic strategies that exploit these targets.
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[24]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Landmarks in hormonal therapy for prostate cancer.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - BJU Int. 2012 Oct;110 Suppl 1:23-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11431.x.
●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11431.x
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Hammerer P; Madersbacher S
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - Department of Urology, Academic Hospital Braunschweig, Vienna, Austria. p.hammerer@klinikumbraunschweig.de
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - * It is >70 years since the responsiveness of symptomatic metastatic prostate cancer to androgen deprivation was first demonstrated. * Since those pivotal studies, progress in hormonal therapy of prostate cancer has been marked by several important developments and the availability of various androgen-suppressing agents. * Treatment guidelines have continued to evolve with clinical and therapeutic progress, but androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) remains the standard of care for non-localised prostate cancer. * Because of the long-term experience (>20 years) and wealth of evidence from the large number of clinical trials, the luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonists are currently the main forms of ADT. * Treatment strategies should be adapted to the individual patient in terms of timing, duration and choice of agent. * Prostate cancer remains the most common type of cancer in men and the development of castration-resistant disease seems inevitable, which together drive the clear and continuing need for new, effective agents for ADT to be used alongside the LHRH agonists.
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[25]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - High dose rate prostate brachytherapy: an overview of the rationale, experience and emerging applications in the treatment of prostate cancer.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - Br J Radiol. 2012 Nov;85 Spec No 1:S18-27. doi: 10.1259/bjr/15403217.
●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1259/bjr/15403217
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Challapalli A; Jones E; Harvey C; Hellawell GO; Mangar SA
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - Department of Clinical Oncology, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - The technological advances in real-time ultrasound image guidance for high dose rate (HDR) prostate brachytherapy places this treatment modality at the forefront of innovation in radiotherapy. This review article will explore the rationale for HDR brachytherapy as a highly conformal method of dose delivery and safe dose escalation to the prostate, in addition to the particular radiobiological advantages it has over low dose rate and external beam radiotherapy. The encouraging outcome data and favourable toxicity profile will be discussed before looking at emerging applications for the future and how this procedure will feature alongside stereotactic radiosurgery.
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[26]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Management of docetaxel failures in metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - Urol Clin North Am. 2012 Nov;39(4):583-91. doi: 10.1016/j.ucl.2012.07.013. Epub 2012 Aug 29.
●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.ucl.2012.07.013
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Pal SK; Lewis B; Sartor O
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - Department of Medical Oncology & Experimental Therapeutics, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - The treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer has evolved since the approval of docetaxel-based therapy. Since docetaxel approval, three new agents have gained approval for this indication: sipuleucel-T, cabazitaxel, and abiraterone. Recent Phase III trials have also demonstrated survival benefits for MDV-3100 and radium-223 though regulatory approval ispending. Practicing physicians face the challenge of determining the optimal sequencing of these new agents. This dilemma is particularly relevant to the post-docetaxel setting, in which the indication for several of these agents overlaps. This article details the efficacy and safety of these agents to provide a framework for their clinical use.
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[27]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Landmarks in non-hormonal pharmacological therapies for castration-resistant prostate cancer.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - BJU Int. 2012 Oct;110 Suppl 1:14-22. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11430.x.
●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11430.x
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Clarke NW
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - The Christie and Salford Royal Hospitals, Manchester, UK. noel.clarke@christie.nhs.uk
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - * The treatment of metastatic and castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) has advanced considerably from the era where it was considered that the disease was resistant to chemotherapy. * Cytotoxic chemotherapy involving docetaxel is now used routinely as a first-line therapy after failed first- and second-line androgen deprivation in advanced disease, improving quality of life and to a limited extent, survival in patients with advanced prostate cancer. * The cytotoxic taxane, cabazitaxel has also become a second-line treatment option for patients with CRPC failing previous docetaxel therapy. * Additionally, a broad range of agents are now available or under development including immune-based therapies (cellular therapies and vaccines), bone-targeting agents (anti-osteolytic and anti-tumour therapies) and molecular-based agents targeting cellular control mechanisms. * Most of these remain experimental but on-going pharmacological development will inevitably provide urologists and urological oncologists with a broader range of therapeutic options for better cancer management in the future.
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[28]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - New insights into the management of renal cell cancer.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - Oncology. 2013;84(1):22-31. doi: 10.1159/000342962. Epub 2012 Oct 16.
●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1159/000342962
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Pecuchet N; Fournier LS; Oudard S
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - Department of Medical Oncology, Hopital Europeen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Kidney cancer is composed of several bio-histological entities. The most frequent type, clear-cell carcinoma, is not homogenous regarding gene mutations or transcriptomic profiles, but the biologic classifications are not yet mature. Therefore, biologically driven strategies of treatment have not yet been developed in the clinical setting. The choice of first-line agent currently depends on the prognostic criteria published by Motzer et al. [J Clin Oncol 1999;17:2530-2540] and recently by Heng et al. [J Clin Oncol 2009;27:5794-5799], with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapies for good- or intermediate-prognosis groups and anti-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) for poor-risk patients. In the past years, biological changes leading to resistance to targeted agents have been widely investigated. Discoveries resulted in the development of second-generation VEGF receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors, characterized by an improved potency and selectivity. Besides, co-inhibition of signalling pathways mediating resistance to anti-VEGF are being developed targeting fibroblast growth factor and c-Met. Dual mTOR/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitors have greater efficacy than rapalogs in preclinical models and are being investigated in early clinical trials. In conclusion, the changing landscape in the biology and treatment of kidney cancer offers new opportunities for clinicians to treat patients, but, due to relatively high costs, the use of targeted therapies will likely be strongly controlled by health authorities.
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[29]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - New therapeutic challenges in advanced bladder cancer.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - Semin Oncol. 2012 Oct;39(5):598-607. doi: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2012.08.007.
●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1053/j.seminoncol.2012.08.007
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Bellmunt J; Petrylak DP
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - Medical Oncology Service, Parc de Salut Mar, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, España.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Treatment of advanced bladder cancer continues to be challenging. Despite initial high response rates with conventional cisplatin-based chemotherapy regimens, 5-year survival is suboptimal at 5% to 20%. Limited advances have been made in chemotherapy, including the design of the triplet regimen and the incorporation of dose intensification (dose-dense) formulations. Novel therapies are desperately needed for first- and second-line therapies and for both fit and unfit patients. Research efforts are now focused on several different areas of therapy, including new chemotherapeutic agents and targeted therapies. Although the use of targeted therapies has failed as of today to demonstrate benefit, a large list of new agents are being studied in properly designed and very promising phase II and III trials. A better understanding of tumor biology and identifying pathways critical for tumorigenesis can provide potential strategies for therapeutic intervention. Understanding the set of changes at the individual patient level hopefully will enable personalized treatment for patients with urothelial cancer.
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[30]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Robot-assisted radical prostatectomy: 5-year oncological and biochemical outcomes.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - J Urol. 2012 Dec;188(6):2205-10. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.08.009. Epub 2012 Oct 22.
●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.juro.2012.08.009
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Liss MA; Lusch A; Morales B; Beheshti N; Skarecky D; Narula N; Osann K; Ahlering TE
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - Department of Urology, University of California-Irvine, Orange, California 92602, USA.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - PURPOSE: We investigated oncological outcomes in patients who underwent robot-assisted radical prostatectomy more than 5 years previously. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between June 2002 and August 2006 we prospectively followed 435 consecutive patients who underwent robot-assisted radical prostatectomy. Five patients were excluded from analysis, including 4 lost to followup and 1 with prior therapy. Biochemical recurrence was denoted as 1) adjuvant therapy or 2) 2 prostate specific antigen values above 0.2 ng/ml. Biochemical recurrence-free survival, and patient and tumor characteristics were investigated. RESULTS: Mean +/- SD patient age was 61.4 +/- 7.1 years. A total of 289 patients (63%) had 5 or more years of followup and 4 (1%) were lost to followup. Median time to biochemical recurrence was 18 months (range 1 month to 9.1 years). Four patients (0.93%) died of prostate cancer. The 5-year biochemical recurrence-free survival rate was 84.9% (95% CI 81.4-88.4). Five-year biochemical recurrence-free survival was 94.4% (95% CI 91.7-97.1) for pT2 disease compared to 63.8% (95% CI 53.4-74.1) and 47.1% (95% CI 27.3-67.0) for pT3a and pT3b, respectively (p <0.001). Patients with a Gleason score of 3 or less + 3, 3 + 4, 4 + 3 and 4 or greater + 4 experienced a 5-year biochemical recurrence-free survival of 97%, 86%, 62% and 43%, respectively (p <0.001). Patients with positive margins had a 5-year biochemical recurrence-free survival of 60.7% (95% CI 48.7-72.7) compared to 89.6% (95% CI 86.3-92.9) in those with negative margins (p <0.001). CONCLUSIONS: This represents the third report of the oncological outcomes of robot-assisted radical prostatectomy, demonstrating a 5-year biochemical recurrence rate of approximately 14% and just below 1% prostate cancer specific mortality.
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[31]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Oncologic outcomes obtained after neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy for the treatment of urothelial carcinomas of the upper urinary tract: a review.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - World J Urol. 2013 Feb;31(1):77-82. doi: 10.1007/s00345-012-0960-8. Epub 2012 Sep 29.
●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s00345-012-0960-8
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Cordier J; Sonpavde G; Stief CG; Tilki D
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - Department of Urology, University Hospital Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - INTRODUCTION: Nephroureterectomy with excision of a bladder cuff is the gold standard in the treatment of upper urinary tract carcinomas (UTUC). But especially for patients suffering from advanced tumor stages, life expectancy has not improved over the years with local recurrence or distant metastases being the main reasons for treatment failure. Chemotherapy in an adjuvant or neoadjuvant setting seems therefore to be a promising approach. METHODS: The literature of the last 20 years was searched using Medline. Articles were chosen by using the given abstracts. Only articles written in English and not older than 20 years were considered. RESULTS: Most information concerning chemotherapy of urothelial carcinomas is gained from studies comprising patients suffering from lower urinary tract carcinomas. The combination of methotrexate, adriamycin, vinblastine and cisplatin as well as the combination of gemcitabine and cisplatin are the most used chemotherapy regimens in advanced UCC and have shown beneficial results. The summarized data of studies for UTUC contained no level one information. Down staging effects as well as prolongation of survival have been shown for some patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy, but because of the small study groups and the retrospective design, no definite conclusions can be drawn from these results. In addition, there exists an uncertainty for preoperative staging. Results for adjuvant chemotherapy are lacking. CONCLUSION: No definite recommendations for peri-operative chemotherapy in UTUC can be derived from the current literature. Current therapy is largely based on extrapolation from the bladder cancer literature. Prospective studies dedicated to UTUC are needed.
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[32]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Advanced clinical states in prostate cancer.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - Urol Clin North Am. 2012 Nov;39(4):561-71. doi: 10.1016/j.ucl.2012.07.011. Epub 2012 Sep 12.
●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.ucl.2012.07.011
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Cheng HH; Lin DW; Yu EY
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA. hhcheng@u.washington.edu
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - The classification of clinical disease states within advanced prostate cancer is set apart from other solid tumors largely through measurement of prostate-specific antigen in the blood. This testing has allowed the distinction between the castration-sensitive and the castration-resistant states, to complement radiographic distinction within advanced prostate cancer. This has paved the way for advances in prognostication and treatment of patients within a heterogeneous disease group. Currently used clinical classifications have limitations and continue to evolve. The authors define the current disease states and discuss implications for prognosis and treatment decisions, as well as the limitations of existing classifications and emerging discoveries.
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[33]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Evaluation of [-2] proPSA and Prostate Health Index (phi) for the detection of prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - Clin Chem. Acceso gratuito al texto completo a partir de 1 año de la fecha de publicación.
●● Enlace a la Editora de la Revista http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/
●● Cita: Clinical Infectious Diseases: <> Lab Med. 2012 Nov 15:1-11. doi: 10.1515/cclm-2012-0410.
●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1515/cclm-2012-0410
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Filella X; Gimenez N
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Abstract The usefulness of %[-2] proPSA and Prostate Health Index (phi) in the detection of prostate cancer are currently unknown. It has been suggested that these tests can distinguish prostate cancer from benign prostatic diseases better than PSA or %fPSA. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of the available scientific evidence to evaluate the clinical usefulness of %[-2] proPSA and phi. Relevant published papers were identified by searching computerized bibliographic systems. Data on sensitivity and specificity were extracted from 12 studies: 10 studies about %[-2] proPSA (3928 patients in total, including 1762 with confirmed prostate cancer) and eight studies about phi (2919 patients in total, including 1515 with confirmed prostate cancer). The sensitivity for the detection of prostate cancer was 90% for %[-2] proPSA and phi, while the pooled specificity was 32.5% (95% CI 30.6-34.5) and 31.6% (95% CI 29.2-34.0) for %[-2] proPSA and phi, respectively. The measurement of %[-2] proPSA improves the accuracy of prostate cancer detection in comparison with PSA or %fPSA, particularly in the group of patients with PSA between 2 mug/L and 10 mug/L. Similar results were obtained measuring phi. Using these tests, it is possible to reduce the number of unnecessary biopsies, maintaining a high cancer detection rate. Published results also showed that %[-2] proPSA and phi are related to the aggressiveness of the tumor.
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[34]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - A meta-analysis of the risk of boys with isolated cryptorchidism developing testicular cancer in later life.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - Arch Dis Child. 2013 Jan;98(1):20-6. doi: 10.1136/archdischild-2012-302051. Epub 2012 Nov 28.
●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1136/archdischild-2012-302051
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Lip SZ; Murchison LE; Cullis PS; Govan L; Carachi R
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - Department of Surgical Paediatrics, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Yorkhill, Glasgow G3 8SJ, UK; Robert.Carachi@glasgow.ac.uk.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - BACKGROUND: Significant variability exists for the relative risk (RR) of testicular malignancy in isolated cryptorchidism. OBJECTIVE: To perform a meta-analysis to clarify the true magnitude of this risk, allowing clinicians to better counsel patients and their families. SETTING: Secondary research conducted by undergraduate researchers, clinical academics and a clinical statistician. DESIGN, DATA SOURCES, AND METHODS: A search of the English literature was performed for studies relating to testicular cancer and cryptorchidism, published between 1 January 1980 and 31 December 2010, using Embase and Medline databases. 735 papers were identified and analysed by four authors independently in accordance with our inclusion and exclusion criteria. Studies reporting an association between cryptorchidism and subsequent development of testicular malignancy were included. Genetic syndromes or other conditions which predisposed to the development of cryptorchidism were excluded. Pooled estimates and 95% CIs for the RRs were calculated. RESULTS: Nine case-control studies and three cohort studies were selected. The case-control studies included 2281 cases and 4811 controls. Cohort studies included 2 177 941 boys, with a total of 345 boys developing testicular cancer (total length of follow-up was 58 270 679 person-years). The pooled RR was 2.90 (95% CI 2.21 to 3.82) with significant heterogeneity (p<0.00001; I(2)=89%). CONCLUSION: Boys with isolated cryptorchidism are three times more likely to develop testicular cancer. The limitations of this study must be acknowledged, in particular, possible publication bias and the lack of high-quality evidence focusing on the risk of malignancy in boys with isolated cryptorchidism.
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[35]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Biology of castration-recurrent prostate cancer.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - Urol Clin North Am. 2012 Nov;39(4):435-52. doi: 10.1016/j.ucl.2012.07.002. Epub 2012 Aug 27.
●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.ucl.2012.07.002
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Azzouni F; Mohler J
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - Department of Urology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA. faris.azzouni@roswellpark.org
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Although androgen-deprivation therapy is the standard therapy for advanced and metastatic prostate cancer, this treatment is only palliative. Prostate cancer recurs then grows despite low circulating testicular androgens, using several mechanisms that remain dependent on androgen-receptor signaling in most cases. This article reviews the diversity of mechanisms used for growth by castration-recurrent prostate cancer.
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[36]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - MR imaging of urinary bladder carcinoma and beyond.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - Radiol Clin North Am. 2012 Nov;50(6):1085-110. doi: 10.1016/j.rcl.2012.08.011.
●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.rcl.2012.08.011
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Raza SA; Jhaveri KS
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Detection of muscle invasion is a critical aspect in management of urinary bladder cancer. MR imaging has the potential and promise of delivering this premise noninvasively. This article reviews the current status of MR imaging in evaluation of bladder cancer. Also discussed are other important neoplastic and nonneoplastic conditions affecting the bladder.
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[37]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Anastomotic leak after robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy: evaluation with MDCT cystography with multiplanar reformatting and 3D display.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2012 Nov;199(5):W595-601. doi: 10.2214/AJR.12.8700.
●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 2214/AJR.12.8700
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Kawamoto S; Allaf M; Corl FM; Feng T; Yohannan J; Fishman EK
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Hospital, JHOC 3235A, 601 N Caroline St, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA. skawamo1@jhmi.edu
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - OBJECTIVE: This article reviews the pattern of anastomotic leak after robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RALRP) on MDCT cystography with multiplanar reformatting and 3D display and discusses key surgical procedures to explain intraperitoneal leak and the incidence and clinical significance of anastomotic leak. CONCLUSION: RALRP is a minimally invasive surgery for localized prostate cancer, and its use has increased recently. Intraperitoneal extension of vesicourethral anastomotic leak after RALRP can occur, which is not associated with radical retropubic prostatectomy. MDCT cystography is a fast and accurate method for detection and evaluation of the extent of anastomotic leak after RALRP.
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[38]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Diffusion-weighted imaging of the male pelvis.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - Radiol Clin North Am. 2012 Nov;50(6):1127-44. doi: 10.1016/j.rcl.2012.08.008.
●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.rcl.2012.08.008
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Koh DM; Sohaib A
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - Department of Radiology, Royal Marsden Hospital, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, UK. dowmukoh@icr.ac.uk
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging (DWI) is now widely incorporated as a standard MR imaging sequence for the assessment of the male pelvis. DWI can improve the detection, characterization, and staging of pelvic malignancies, such as prostate, bladder, and rectal cancers. There is growing interest in applying quantitative DWI for the assessment of tumor treatment response. In addition, the technique seems promising for the evaluation of metastatic nodal and bone disease in the pelvis.
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[39]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Diabetes mellitus and risk of prostate cancer: an updated meta-analysis based on 12 case-control and 25 cohort studies.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - Acta Diabetol. 2012 Dec;49 Suppl 1:235-46. doi: 10.1007/s00592-012-0439-5. Epub 2012 Nov 4.
●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s00592-012-0439-5
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Zhang F; Yang Y; Skrip L; Hu D; Wang Y; Wong C; Qiu J; Lei H
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - The association between diabetes and risk of prostate cancer has been investigated widely. However, study results remain inconsistent and contradictory. Using a meta-analytic approach, the present study explore the relationship incorporating more recent studies and provide more powerful evidence without the limitations of any individual study. Relevant studies were identified by searching Pubmed and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials through May 18, 2012. The strength of the relationship between diabetes mellitus and risk of prostate cancer was assessed using relative risk (RR). Either a fixed effects or random effects model was used to calculate the pooled RRs. Stratification analyses and sensitivity analyses were conducted, and publication bias was assessed by Egger’s test and Begg’s test. Twelve case-control studies involving 9,767 cases and 19,790 controls, and 25 cohort studies involving 118,825 cases were included. The person-years of follow-up ranged from 29,963 to 6,264,890 among included cohort studies. Diabetes was not significantly associated with incidence of prostate cancer in our analysis of case-control studies only (RR = 0.846, 95 % CI [0.710, 1.009]) or that of cohort studies only (RR = 0.925, 95 % CI [0.811, 1.054]). However, through subgroup analyses, statistically significant associations between diabetes and prostate cancer were found when considering population-based studies only (RR = 0.719, 95 % CI [0.637, 0.812]), cohort studies conducted in the United States (RR = 0.789, 95 % CI [0.727, 0.857]), and studies with follow-up of more than 5 years. Compared to risk of prostate cancer among people without diabetes, diabetic patients using insulin treatment experienced reduced incidence of prostate cancer in both case-control and cohort studies. The results suggest that diabetes mellitus is associated with decreased incidence of prostate cancer, specifically in the population of the United States. In addition, the time since onset of diabetes was positively associated with decreasing incidence of prostate cancer. The present conclusions should be considered carefully, however, and confirmed with further studies.
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[40]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Association of CYP1A1 polymorphisms with prostate cancer risk: an updated meta-analysis.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - Mol Biol Rep. 2012 Dec;39(12):10273-84. doi: 10.1007/s11033-012-1904-5. Epub 2012 Oct 14.
●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s11033-012-1904-5
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Li H; Xiao D; Hu L; He T
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical College, No. 1 Xincheng Road, Dongguan 523808, China.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Epidemiological studies have evaluated the association between 3801T>C and 2455A>G polymorphisms of cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) and prostate cancer risk. However, controversy exists regarding the role of these polymorphisms. In this work, a meta-analysis was performed to derive a more precise estimation of the relationship. PubMed and ISI Web databases were searched for all cases dated until March 2012. Crude odds ratios with 95 % confidence intervals were used to assess the strength of the association between CYP1A1 polymorphisms and prostate cancer risk. Sensitivity analysis, excluding the studies that deviated from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE), was performed. A total of 17 studies fulfilled our inclusion criteria in this meta-analysis, 12 of which were eligible (1,645 cases and 1,801 controls) for 3801T>C, and eleven (1,640 cases and 1,959 controls) were eligible for 2455A>G. Overall, the 2455A>G polymorphism resulted in a significantly increased susceptibility to prostate cancer. In addition, no significant associations between 3801T>C polymorphism and prostate cancer susceptibility were found in all genetic models. Only an elevated risk was observed for TC versus CC in Asian studies. However, no relationship was found in the Asian group for TC versus CC after excluding the studies that deviated from HWE. Thus, this meta-analysis finds the 2455A>G allele to be a risk factor for prostate cancer, whereas the 3801T>C status does not seem to be capable of modifying prostate cancer risk.
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[41]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Use of preclinical models to assess the therapeutic potential of new drug candidates for bladder cancer.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - Semin Oncol. 2012 Oct;39(5):534-42. doi: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2012.08.006.
●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1053/j.seminoncol.2012.08.006
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Amit D; Gofrit ON; Matouk I; Birman T; Hochberg A
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - Department of Biological Chemistry, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel. dyamit@gmail.com
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - The purpose of this review is to demonstrate a successful use of preclinical models of bladder cancer to confirm the therapeutic potential of new promising drug candidates. The bladder has long been thought to be an ideal target for investigating therapies. When developing a new antineoplastic pharmaceutical agent, the bladder should be considered for use as an experimental model demonstrating initial proof of concept that if successful can be later assessed in further cancer indications. Non-muscle-invasive bladder carcinoma can be removed by transurethral resection but these cancers tend to recur in most patients. Conventional treatments decrease the recurrence rate but are associated with side effects and frequent failures. Thus, there is an obvious need for the development of highly effective targeted therapies with limited side effects. Accordingly, a double-promoter vector was developed, expressing diphtheria toxin A (DTA) under control of two different regulatory promoter sequences, H19 and IGF2. This vector was then used to transfect and to eradicate tumor cells in bladder cancer models, effectively destroying tumor cells without affecting normal cells. Our studies demonstrate the potential efficacy of the therapeutic vector and should be a solid base for future clinical studies. These models illuminate the path for future investigations of new drug candidates for bladder cancer.
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[42]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Comparison of transperitoneal and retroperitoneal laparoscopic nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - BJU Int. 2012 Oct 29. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11598.x.
●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11598.x
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Fan X; Xu K; Lin T; Liu H; Yin Z; Dong W; Huang H; Huang J
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - What’s known on the subject? and What does the study add? Laparoscopic nephrectomy is now considered to be the reference procedure for kidney cancer. It can be performed via a transperitoneal or retroperitoneal approach. Each approach has its advantages and disadvantages. No definitive conclusions regarding objective difference between the two approaches have been reached to date. This meta-analysis indicates that in appropriately selected patients, especially patients with posteriorly located renal tumors, the retroperitoneal approach may be faster and equally safe compared with the transperitoneal approach. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficiency and safety of the retroperitoneal and transperitoneal approaches in laparoscopic radical/partial nephrectomy (RN/PN) for renal cell carcinoma. METHODS: A systematic search of PUBMED, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library was performed to identify prospective randomized controlled trials and retrospective observational studies that compared the outcomes of the two approaches. Outcomes of interest included perioperative and postoperative variables, surgical complications and oncological variables. RESULTS: Twelve studies assessing transperitoneal laparoscopic RN (TLRN) vs retroperitoneal laparoscopic RN (RLRN) and six studies assessing transperitoneal laparoscopic PN (TLPN) vs retroperitoneal laparoscopic PN (RLPN) were included. The RLRN approach had a shorter time to renal artery control (weighted mean difference [WMD] 68.65 min; 95% confidence interval [CI] 40.80-96.50; P < 0.001) and a lower overall complication rate (odds ratio 2.12; 95% CI 1.30-3.47; P = 0.003) than TLRN. RLPN had a shorter operating time (WMD 48.85 min; 95% CI 29.33-68.37; P < 0.001) and a shorter length of hospital stay (WMD 1.01 days; 95% CI 0.39-1.63; P = 0.001) than TLPN. There were no significant differences between the retroperitoneal and transperitoneal approaches in other outcomes of interest. CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis indicates that, in appropriately selected patients, especially patients with posteriorly located renal tumours, the retroperitoneal approach may be faster and equally safe compared with the transperitoneal approach. Despite our rigorous methodology, conclusions drawn from our pooled results should be interpreted with caution because of the inherent limitations of the included studies.
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[43]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Immunotherapy for castration-resistant prostate cancer.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - Urol Clin North Am. 2012 Nov;39(4):465-81. doi: 10.1016/j.ucl.2012.07.004.
●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.ucl.2012.07.004
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Sonpavde G; Kantoff PW
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - Department of Medicine, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) Comprehensive Cancer Center, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - The improved survival with sipuleucel-T, an autologous antigen-presenting cell-based agent, for the treatment of patients with metastatic asymptomatic and minimally symptomatic castration-resistant prostate cancer supports immunotherapy as a valid approach. Also, multiple novel immunotherapeutic approaches are undergoing vigorous investigation. T-lymphocyte checkpoint blockade and poxvirus-based prime-boost approaches are in phase III evaluation. Other immunotherapeutic platforms undergoing early investigation include radioimmunoconjugates and adenovirus-based, DNA-based, and Listeria-based approaches. The development of predictive markers for immune response that translate into improved long-term outcomes is important. This article reviews the emerging data and the unique strengths and weaknesses of these approaches.
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[44]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Current role of radiation therapy for bladder cancer.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - Semin Oncol. 2012 Oct;39(5):583-7. doi: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2012.08.005.
●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1053/j.seminoncol.2012.08.005
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Sandler HM; Mirhadi AJ
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - Department of Radiation Oncology, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA. howard.sandler@cshs.org
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Radiation therapy continues to expand its role in the management of bladder cancer. Utilization of chemoradiation as part of the management increases the likelihood of keeping the native bladder and has a positive impact on quality of life, without compromising cure. There remains sustained interest in the concept of bladder conservation as an organ-sparing approach that is potentially equivalent to radical cystectomy as regards disease-specific survival. In addition, radiation therapy may play a meaningful role in the management of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer by reducing the likelihood of local recurrence and preventing or delaying cystectomy. Recently, techniques of radiation therapy have improved considerably and the role of radiation therapy has subsequently expanded and led to better outcomes, as has a better understanding of the biology of fractionation and tumor response.
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[45]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Lack of evidence for an association between seminoma and human papillomavirus infection using GP5+/GP6+ consensus primers.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - J Med Virol. 2013 Jan;85(1):105-9. doi: 10.1002/jmv.23431. Epub 2012 Oct 16.
●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1002/jmv.23431
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Bertazzoni G; Sgambato A; Migaldi M; Grottola A; Sabbatini AM; Nanni N; Farinetti A; Iachetta F; Giacobazzi E; Pecorari M; Bonetti LR
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - Microbiology and Virology Unit, Policlinico Hospital, Modena, Italy.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Testicular germ cell tumors account for about 1% of all cancers. The incidence of these tumors is increasing and they represent the most common solid malignancies of young men aged 15-40 years with seminoma being one of the most common histotype. Pathogenesis of testicular germ cell tumors remains unknown and, although cryptorchidism is considered the main risk factor, there is evidence of an association with environmental and genetic risk factors. Human papillomaviruses (HPV) are a family of DNA viruses and represent a major risk factor for cervical cancer. In addition, they have been associated with other human non-malignant and malignant diseases, including breast and head and neck cancer. HPV sequences have been detected throughout the male lower genitourinary tract as well as in seminal fluid and an increased testicular tumorigenesis has been reported in HPV transgenic mice. Aim of this study was to evaluate the potential involvement of HPV in human testicular tumorigenesis. Real-time PCR employing GP5+/GP6+ consensus HPV primers was used to examine the presence of HPV sequences in a subset of human seminoma (n = 61) and normal testicles (n = 23). None of the specimens tested displayed the presence of HPV DNA. These findings do not support an association between HPV and human seminoma and warrant further studies to assess definitively the role of these viruses in human testicular tumorigenesis.
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[46]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Imaging of recurrent prostate cancer.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - Radiol Clin North Am. 2012 Nov;50(6):1075-83. doi: 10.1016/j.rcl.2012.08.005. Epub 2012 Oct 11.
●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.rcl.2012.08.005
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Futterer JJ
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - Department of Radiology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. j.futterer@rad.umcn.nl
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Approximately 30% of patients who underwent radical prostatectomy or radiation therapy will develop biochemical recurrent disease. Biochemical recurrent disease is defined as an increase in the serum value of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) after reaching the nadir. Prostate recurrence can present as PSA-only relapse, local recurrent disease, distant metastases, or a combination of local and distant recurrence. In this review, the role of magnetic resonance imaging in the work-up of recurrent prostate cancer is discussed.
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[47]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Association of p53 Arg72Pro polymorphism with bladder cancer: a meta-analysis.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - Gene. 2013 Jan 10;512(2):408-13. doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2012.09.085. Epub 2012 Oct 13.
●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.gene.2012.09.085
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Yang Z; Nie S; Zhu H; Wu X; Jia S; Luo Y; Tang W
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - BACKGROUND: p53 tumor suppressor gene Arg72Pro polymorphism has been associated with bladder cancer. However, results were inconsistent. We performed this meta-analysis to estimate the association between p53 Arg72Pro polymorphism and bladder cancer. METHODS: Electronic search of PubMed was conducted to select studies. Studies containing available genotype frequencies of Arg72Pro were chosen, and pooled odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to assess the association. RESULTS: The final meta-analysis included 14 published studies with 2176 bladder cancer cases and 2798 controls. The results suggested that the variant genotype was associated with the bladder cancer risk (additive model: OR=1.72, 95% CI: 1.036-1.325, P=0.011; dominant model: OR=1.268, 95% CI: 1.003-1.602, P=0.047) in Asian subgroup. However, the association was not significant between this polymorphism and bladder cancer risk in Caucasian (additive model: OR=0.773, 95% CI: 0.564-1.059, P=0.109; dominant model: OR=0.685, 95% CI: 0.418-1.124, P=0.134). CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis suggests that p53 Arg72Pro polymorphism is associated with increased risk of bladder cancer in Asians. To validate the association between this polymorphism and bladder cancer, further studies with larger participants worldwide are needed.
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[48]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Clinical commissioning of online seed matching protocol for prostate radiotherapy.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - Br J Radiol. 2012 Dec;85(1020):e1273-81. doi: 10.1259/bjr/72368557.
●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1259/bjr/72368557
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Duffton A; McNee S; Muirhead R; Alhasso A
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - Department of Radiotherapy, Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, Glasgow, UK. aileen.duffton@ggc.scot.nhs.uk
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - OBJECTIVES: Our aim was to clinically commission an online seed matching image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT) protocol using modern hardware/software for patients undergoing prostate radiotherapy. An essential constraint was to achieve this within a busy centre without reducing patient throughput, which had been reported with other techniques. METHODS: 45 patients had 3 fiducial markers inserted into the prostate and were imaged daily using kilovoltage orthogonal images with online correction applied before treatment. A total of 1612 image pairs were acquired and analysed to identify interfractional motion, seed migration and interobserver variability, and assess ease of use. RESULTS: This method of IGRT was implemented successfully in our centre with no impact on treatment times and patient throughput. Systematic (Sigma) interfractional set-up errors were 2.2, 2.7 and 3.9 mm in right-left (RL), superoinferior (SI) and anteroposterior (AP) directions, respectively. Random (sigma) interfractional set-up errors were 3.2 (RL), 3.7 (SI) and 5.7 mm (AP). There were significant differences between patients. Seed migration and interobserver variability were not significant issues. CONCLUSIONS: The described technique is facilitated by the advanced imaging system, allowing a fast and effective method of correcting set-up errors before treatment. Extended implementation of this technique has improved treatment delivery to the majority of our prostate radiotherapy patients. The measurement of interfractional motion in this study is potentially valuable for margin reduction in intensity-modulated radiotherapy/volumetric arc therapy. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE: This technique can be used within treatment time constraints, benefiting large numbers of patients by helping to avoid geographical miss and potentially reducing toxicity to organs at risk.
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[49]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Trimodality treatment in the conservative management of infiltrating bladder cancer: A critical review of the literature.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2012 Oct 22. pii: S1040-8428(12)00194-1. doi: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2012.09.011.
●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.critrevonc.2012.09.011
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Caffo O; Veccia A; Fellin G; Russo L; Mussari S; Galligioni E
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - Medical Oncology Department, Santa Chiara Hospital, Trento, Italy. Electronic address: orazio.caffo@apss.tn.it.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Although radical cystectomy is still the treatment of choice for patients with infiltrating bladder cancer, there is growing evidence of the effectiveness of a conservative approach. Developed as a treatment of need for elderly or unfit patients unable to undergo radical cystectomy, conservative therapy is becoming a true alternative to surgery for highly selected patients. Although transurethral bladder resection, external radiotherapy and systemic chemotherapy can control the disease as single treatments, the best results have been observed when they are combined. Moreover, new irradiation techniques and new-generation drugs are now being tested in an attempt to improve disease control further. Conservative management requires the multidisciplinary involvement of different specialties in order to give patients a real alternative to surgical treatment.
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[50]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Small cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder: a rare, aggressive neuroendocrine malignancy.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2012 Nov;136(11):1451-9. doi: 10.5858/arpa.2011-0267-RS.
●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 5858/arpa.2011-0267-RS
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Zhao X; Flynn EA
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - Department of Pathology, New York University Langone Medical Center, 550 1st Ave, New York, NY 10016, USA. xzhao@berkeley.edu
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Small cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder is a rare, often fatal, disease. Its presenting symptoms and gross morphology are similar to those of conventional urothelial carcinoma, whereas its prognosis is much poorer with frequent metastasis. Small cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder shares similar histology with its counterparts in other organs; however, its immunoreactivity to conventional neuroendocrine markers is low. Its diagnosis is thus considered permissible on morphologic grounds alone. Multimodal treatments are often employed, although no definite treatment algorithm has been established. For this extremely aggressive malignancy with an as-yet inconclusive etiology, further studies are needed to clarify its molecular pathogenesis to serve as a basis for diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets. The clinical, morphologic, immunoreactive, molecular, and therapeutic features of bladder small cell carcinoma are reviewed, including a detailed discussion on the utility of immunohistochemical markers.
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[51]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Landmarks in prostate cancer diagnosis: the biomarkers.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - BJU Int. 2012 Oct;110 Suppl 1:8-13. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2012.011429.x.
●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1111/j.1464-410X.2012.011429.x
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Artibani W
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - Department Urology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy. walter.artibani@univr.it
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - * The main diagnostic biomarker in current use is prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and it is one of the recommended diagnostic tools from the European Association of Urology Guidelines on prostate cancer. * One of the challenges with PSA is that men with very low levels of PSA can harbour prostate cancer, making it difficult to set a lower limit. * Several modifications to PSA biomarker detection have been suggested to improve its sensitivity and selectivity including PSA density, free:total PSA, PSA velocity/doubling time and different PSA isoforms. * However, there remains a need to improve accuracy of diagnosis and this has led to research in to a number of promising new biomarkers. * These include genetic and blood or urine based biomarkers. The most advanced of these is prostate cancer gene 3 found in urine and developed into a commercial test in 2006. * Other promising markers include circulating tumour cells (CTC) in blood, which have been correlated with survival in castration-resistant prostate cancer. A system for evaluating CTC was approved by the USA Food and Drug Administration in 2008.
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[52]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Re: Prostate-specific antigen concentration in young men: new estimates and review of the literature.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - J Urol. 2012 Nov;188(5):1768. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.07.088. Epub 2012 Sep 19.
●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.juro.2012.07.088
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Walsh PC
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[53]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - A meta-analysis of tea consumption and the risk of bladder cancer.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - Urol Int. 2013;90(1):10-6. doi: 10.1159/000342804. Epub 2012 Oct 9.
●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1159/000342804
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Wang X; Lin YW; Wang S; Wu J; Mao QQ; Zheng XY; Xie LP
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Objective: Previous studies on the association between tea consumption and bladder cancer risk have only illustrated contradictory results. The role of tea in bladder carcinogenesis still remains conflicting. In order to illustrate the potential relationship between tea consumption and bladder cancer, a meta-analysis of case-control and cohort studies was conducted. Methods: Eligible studies were retrieved via both computerized searches and review of references. Stratified analyses on types of tea, gender, study design, ethnicity and smoking status were performed. Fixed- or random-effect models were used to summarize the estimates of OR with 95% CIs. Results: Seventeen studies were eligible for our analysis. No statistical significance was detected between tea consumption and bladder cancer risk when comparing the highest with the lowest intake of tea (OR = 0.825, 95% CI 0.652-1.043). In the subgroup of green tea, we observed it illustrated a protective effect on bladder cancer (OR = 0.814, 95% CI 0.678-0.976). Conclusion: Our analysis indicated that green tea may have a protective effect on bladder cancer in Asian people. Further studies need to be conducted to better clarify the biological mechanisms.
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[54]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Utility of Choline Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography for Lymph Node Involvement Identification in Intermediate- to High-risk Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-analysis.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - Eur Urol. 2012 Sep 25. pii: S0302-2838(12)01107-4. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2012.09.039.
●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.eururo.2012.09.039
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Evangelista L; Guttilla A; Zattoni F; Muzzio PC; Zattoni F
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - Radiotherapy and Nuclear Medicine Unit, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IOV - IRCCS, Padua, Italy. Electronic address: laura.evangelista@ioveneto.it.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - CONTEXT: Determination of tumour involvement of regional lymph nodes in patients with prostate cancer (PCa) is of key importance for the proper planning of treatment. OBJECTIVES: To provide a critical overview of published reports and to perform a meta-analysis about the diagnostic performance of 18F-choline and 11C-choline positron emission tomography (PET) or PET/computed tomography (CT) in the lymph node staging of PCa. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: A Medline, Web of Knowledge, and Google Scholar search was carried out to select English-language articles published before January 2012 that discussed the diagnostic performance of choline PET to individualise lymph node disease at initial staging in PCa patients. Articles were included only if absolute numbers of true-positive, true-negative, false-positive, and false-negative test results were available or derivable from the text and focused on lymph node metastases. Reviews, clinical reports, and editorial articles were excluded. All complete studies were reviewed; thus qualitative and quantitative analyses were performed. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: From the year 2000 to January 2012, we found 18 complete articles that critically evaluated the role of choline PET and PCa at initial staging. The meta-analysis was carried out and consisted of 10 selected studies with a total of 441 patients. The meta-analysis provided the following results: pooled sensitivity 49.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 39.9-58.4) and pooled specificity 95% (95% CI, 92-97.1). The area under the curve was 0.9446 (p<0.05). The heterogeneity ranged between 22.7% and 78.4%. The diagnostic odds ratio was 18.999 (95% CI, 7.109-50.773). CONCLUSIONS: Choline PET and PET/CT provide low sensitivity in the detection of lymph node metastases prior to surgery in PCa patients. A high specificity has been reported from the overall studies. Studies carried out on a larger scale with a homogeneous patient population together with the evaluation of cost effectiveness are warranted.
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[55]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Prostate cancer imaging: what the urologist wants to know.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - Radiol Clin North Am. 2012 Nov;50(6):1015-41. doi: 10.1016/j.rcl.2012.08.004.
●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.rcl.2012.08.004
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Talab SS; Preston MA; Elmi A; Tabatabaei S
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - Department of Urology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - No consensus exists at present regarding the use of imaging for the evaluation of prostate cancer. Ultrasonography is mainly used for biopsy guidance and magnetic resonance imaging is the mainstay in evaluating the extent of local tumor. Computed tomography and radionuclide bone scanning are mainly reserved for assessment of advanced disease. Positron emission tomography is gaining acceptance in the evaluation of treatment response and recurrence. The combination of anatomic, functional, and metabolic imaging modalities has promise to improve treatment. This article reviews current imaging techniques and touches on the evolving technologies being used for detection and follow-up of prostate cancer.
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[56]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Palliative care in castrate-resistant prostate cancer.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - Urol Clin North Am. 2012 Nov;39(4):491-503. doi: 10.1016/j.ucl.2012.07.006. Epub 2012 Aug 27.
●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.ucl.2012.07.006
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Rabow MW; Lee MX
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - Symptom Management Service, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0320, USA. mrabow@medicine.ucsf.edu
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Significant symptoms and suffering related to castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) are associated with the disease and its treatment. Increasingly, with advances in treatment efficacy, men can live with symptoms for long periods. Interdisciplinary palliative care teams (including physicians, nurses, social workers, chaplains, pharmacists, psychologists, physical therapists, and nutritionists) focused on symptom management and patients’ goals of care can collaborate with prostate cancer surgeons, oncologists, and radiation oncologists to provide the best care for men at all stages of treatment, including end of life. This article reviews the benefits of palliative care in helping patients with CRPC manage symptoms and distress.
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[57]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Do protocol transplant biopsies improve kidney transplant outcomes?
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens. 2012 Nov;21(6):580-6. doi: 10.1097/MNH.0b013e32835903f4.
●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1097/MNH.0b013e32835903f4
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Chapman JR
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - Department of Renal Medicine, Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Jeremy_chapman@wsahs.nsw.gov.au
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The research undertaken on ‘protocol’ renal transplant biopsies has provided a rich, if not the richest, approach to better understanding of the immune and nonimmune impacts upon the transplant. The purpose of this review is to detail how the direct benefit to the patient also lies in these renamed ‘surveillance’ biopsies. RECENT FINDINGS: Undertaken at fixed time points after transplantation, biopsy provides individual diagnoses with which the clinician can vary immunosuppression both in intensity and in the type of agent used to modify pathological processes early in their course. Initial nonfunction from acute tubular necrosis, subclinical cellular and humoral rejection, calcineurin inhibitor nephrotoxicity, BK virus nephropathy and recurrent glomerulonephritis are all important diagnoses for which early intervention provides better therapeutic outcomes than delaying until they are clinically evident. SUMMARY: This review provides the recent evidence that has convinced many transplant units to embark upon surveillance programmes for their patients in order to individualize their immunosuppression and thus gain better outcomes.
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[58]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Imaging prostate cancer.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - Radiol Clin North Am. 2012 Nov;50(6):1043-59. doi: 10.1016/j.rcl.2012.08.001.
●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.rcl.2012.08.001
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Jung AJ; Westphalen AC
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - This article reviews the anatomy of the prostate gland, magnetic resonance (MR) imaging techniques, and the role MR imaging in the setting of prostate cancer. Sequences discussed include T2-weighted MR imaging, proton ((1)H) MR spectroscopic imaging, diffusion-weighted MR imaging, and dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging. MR imaging can be applied as an adjuvant tool to establish the diagnosis, localize, determine the extent, and estimate the aggressiveness of prostate cancers. The role of transrectal ultrasonography, computed tomography, and radionuclide scans is also briefly discussed.
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[59]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Small cell bladder cancer: biology and management.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - Semin Oncol. 2012 Oct;39(5):615-8. doi: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2012.08.009.
●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1053/j.seminoncol.2012.08.009
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Fahed E; Hansel DE; Raghavan D; Quinn DI; Dorff TB
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Small cell bladder cancer (SCBC) is a rare and aggressive form of bladder cancer. It exhibits similar biological behavior to small cell lung carcinoma. Untreated, it is associated with a very poor prognosis. Appropriate oncologic surgery remains the mainstay of treatment of this disease but is not curative alone in the majority of the cases. Adding systemic therapy to the treatment regimen has been shown to improve survival. The most common chemotherapy regimens used in published series include a platinum complex plus etoposide, although doxorubicin-based regimens and standard urothelial cancer regimens also have been associated with response. Despite robust chemotherapy responses, metastatic disease is associated with relapse and a median overall survival of 18 months or less. Better understanding of the molecular alterations driving SCBC may facilitate the development of new therapeutic strategies and improved outcomes.
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[60]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Landmarks in prostate cancer screening.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - BJU Int. 2012 Oct;110 Suppl 1:3-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2012.011428.x.
●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1111/j.1464-410X.2012.011428.x
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Schroder FH
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. f.schroder@erasmusmc.nl
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - * Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) has been widely applied to diagnosis and follow-up of prostate cancer, which led to research on its potential role in the early detection of the disease and its use in screening. * The value of PSA screening in reducing disease mortality is controversial and several studies have been conducted to determine the actual benefits. One of the early studies, the Tyrol Screening Study conducted in 1993, showed that during 2004 to 2008 there was a significant reduction in prostate cancer mortality in men aged >60 years compared with the mortality rate during 1989 to 1993. * Two studies that showed no benefit of screening in terms of prostate cancer death were conducted in Sweden in 1987 and 1988. * The Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Screening Study conducted in the USA during 1993 to 2001 and involving 76,693 men showed no benefit of screening at 10 years but the trial can be criticised due to excessive contamination of the unscreened group. * In contrast, the European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer (ERSPC), the largest randomised study with 162,388 participants study, showed that at a median follow-up of 9 years a prostate cancer mortality reduction of 20% resulted (P= 0.04). In an analysis limited to four ERSPC centres with a follow-up of 12.0 years, screening resulted in an overall reduction of metastatic disease of 31%. * The arguments against PSA screening include the risks associated with screening tests themselves, e.g. biopsy-related haematuria, urosepsis, and over diagnosis and overtreatment of prostate cancer. The overall evidence points in favour of PSA screening and steps can be taken to avoid overtreatment by offering patients active surveillance.
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[61]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Prostate-specific Antigen (PSA) Testing Is Prevalent and Increasing in Stockholm County, Sweden, Despite No Recommendations for PSA Screening: Results from a Population-based Study, 2003-2011.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - Eur Urol. 2013 Mar;63(3):419-25. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2012.10.001. Epub 2012 Oct 12.
●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.eururo.2012.10.001
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Nordstrom T; Aly M; Clements MS; Weibull CE; Adolfsson J; Gronberg H
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - Department of Clinical Sciences at Danderyds Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. Electronic address: tobias.nordstrom@ki.se.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - BACKGROUND: Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing has increased in several countries. There is incomplete knowledge of PSA testing patterns. OBJECTIVE: Determine the prevalence of PSA testing and explore patterns of PSA retesting in Stockholm County, Sweden. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: A population-based study was performed. Through registry linkages, we collected population information, data on PSA tests, pathology reports, and clinical information. The study population comprised males living in Stockholm County in 2011 (n=1034129), of which 229 872 had a PSA test during the period 2003-2011. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: We determined limited-duration-point prevalence of PSA testing and performed survival analysis on PSA retesting for men aged 40-89 yr. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: The number of PSA tests increased from 54239 in 2003 to 124613 in 2011. During the 9-yr study period, 46%, 68%, and 77% of men without a prior prostate cancer (PCa) diagnosis and aged 50-59 yr, 60-69 yr, and 70-79 yr, respectively, had a PSA test. During 2010 and 2011, 25%, 40%, and 46% of men aged 50-59 yr, 60-69 yr, and 70-79 yr, respectively, had a PSA test. The prevalence of PSA testing increased from 2003 to 2011. The probability of retesting was PSA and age dependent, with a 26-mo cumulative incidence of 0.337 (95% confidence interval, 0.333-0.341) if the first PSA value was <1 ng/ml. The main limitations were (1) that PSA data prior to 2003 were not available and (2) that the study cohort was restricted to men who were alive in 2011. CONCLUSIONS: Although screening for PCa is not recommended in Sweden, PSA testing in Stockholm County was high across ages ranging from 40 to 89 yr and increased during the period 2003-2011. The probability of PSA retesting was high, regardless of the original PSA level. These results contrast with current clinical recommendations and raise calls for a change, either through structured PCa testing or more detailed guidelines on PSA testing.
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[62]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Ovarian Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor: a report of seven cases and a review of the literature.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - Gynecol Endocrinol. 2012 Nov 23.
●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 3109/09513590.2012.738723
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Xiao H; Li B; Zuo J; Feng X; Li X; Zhang R; Wu L
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - Department of Gynecologic Oncology.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - The aim of this study was to investigate the clinicopathologic features, treatment and outcome of seven patients with an ovarian Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor (SLCT). Five patients presented with feminization, two with accompanying virilization. One presented with amenorrhea alone. Three of the five patients showing feminization symptoms had endocrine-related diseases. Histologically, five tumors were well differentiated, the other two were poorly differentiated. The latter two patients were misdiagnosed as having an ovarian epithelial carcinoma or granulosa cell tumor from frozen sections. Immunohistochemistry showed that the tumors were calretinin-positive in two patients and one was inhibin-positive. Four patients underwent total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy(TAH/BSO) and two were treated by unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. Among them, two patients received adjuvant chemotherapy. Six patients were free of disease in a follow-up of 2-34 years and one achieved a pregnancy. The remaining patient recurred 4 years later. Feminization as well as virilization might provide important clues for a preoperative diagnosis. Histological misdiagnosis is probable in poorly differentiated tumors. Conservative surgery including retention of fertility can be considered. However, the tendency for recurrence in poorly differentiated tumors should be considered.
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[63]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Quality of life with advanced metastatic prostate cancer.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - Urol Clin North Am. 2012 Nov;39(4):505-15. doi: 10.1016/j.ucl.2012.07.007. Epub 2012 Aug 27.
●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.ucl.2012.07.007
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Resnick MJ; Penson DF
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - Department of Urologic Surgery, Center for Surgical Quality and Outcomes Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA. matthew.resnick@vanderbilt.edu
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - The health-related quality-of-life (HRQOL) implications of advanced metastatic prostate cancer are variable. There are several different HRQOL instruments that measure domains germane to patients with advanced metastatic disease. The burden of prostate cancer is inversely related to the magnitude of HRQOL declines. Treatment with androgen deprivation therapy commonly results in HRQOL declines that have served as the impetus for intermittent therapy. Conversely, chemotherapeutic agents have been associated with improvements in functional status for men with castrate-resistant disease. Emerging therapies may result in significant HRQOL improvements in this population, and careful prospective evaluation of patient-reported outcomes will be required.
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[64]
- CASTELLANO -
TÍTULO / TITLE:Metastasis pancreaticas por carcinoma renal. Nuestra casuistica y revision de la literatura.
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Pancreatic metastases due to renal carcinoma. Our cases and a literature review.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - Cir Esp. 2012 Oct 2. pii: S0009-739X(12)00269-2. doi: 10.1016/j.ciresp.2012.07.007.
●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.ciresp.2012.07.007
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Markinez I; Jimenez R; Ruiz I; Villarreal E; Lizarazu A; Borda N; Arteaga X; Medrano MA; Guisasola E; Beguiristain A; Enriquez-Navascues JM
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - Servicio de Cirugia General y Digestiva, Hospital Donostia, San Sebastian, España. Electronic address: ikur6@hotmail.com.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - OBJECTIVE: To analyse the cases of pancreatic metastases due to renal carcinoma operated on in our hospital between the years 2000 and 2011. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective study using the variables of 8 patients who were subjected to surgery of pancreatic metastases due to renal carcinoma, and a comparison of our data with those from the literature. RESULTS: The incidence of metastatic disease of the pancreas due to renal carcinoma in our series was 1.2%. All the metastases were metachronous, with both sexes being affected equally. The mean time between resection of the renal tumour and the diagnosis of the metastasis was 12.42 years (range: 1.62-30.13 years). The therapeutic approach to the pancreatic lesions was surgical in all cases. Seven patients are currently still alive. CONCLUSION: Metastatic disease of the pancreas due to renal carcinoma is uncommon (1%-2.8%). The interval between the primary resection and the metastasis can be quite long. Pancreatic metastasis must always be suspected in patients who present with a pancreatic mass and a history of renal carcinoma. Aggressive surgical treatment is recommended in selected cases. The surgery in these cases improves survival and the quality of life.
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[65]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy approaches for invasive bladder cancer.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - Semin Oncol. 2012 Oct;39(5):588-97. doi: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2012.08.003.
●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1053/j.seminoncol.2012.08.003
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Raghavan D; Burgess E; Gaston KE; Haake MR; Riggs SB
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - Levine Cancer Institute, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC, USA. derek.raghavan@carolinas.org
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Deeply invasive bladder cancer, representing approximately 20% of incident cases, is cured by radical cystectomy or radiotherapy in less than 50% of cases. In an effort to improve cure rates, based on objective response rates in metastatic disease of 40%-70% from combination chemotherapy regimens, systemic chemotherapy has been incorporated into programs of definitive treatment for this disease. Several randomized trials and a meta-analysis have confirmed a survival benefit from neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by definitive local treatment, reflecting both median survival figures and cure rates. Despite several promising phase II trials, no randomized trial of classical adjuvant chemotherapy for bladder cancer has demonstrated an overall survival benefit, despite increments in disease-free survival. Molecular prognostication has been studied in an effort to improve the utility of systemic therapy for invasive non-metastatic bladder cancer, but randomized trials have not shown associated survival benefit. Despite level 1 evidence of a survival benefit from neoadjuvant MVAC (methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin [Adriamycin], cisplatin) or cisplatin, methotrexate, and vinblastine (CMV) chemotherapy, more than 50% of incident cases do not receive such treatment.
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[66]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Protocol biopsies in pediatric renal transplant recipients on cyclosporine versus tacrolimus-based immunosuppression.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - Pediatr Nephrol. 2013 Mar;28(3):493-8. doi: 10.1007/s00467-012-2330-6. Epub 2012 Oct 31.
●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s00467-012-2330-6
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Aoun B; Decramer S; Vitkevic R; Wannous H; Bandin F; Azema C; Callard P; Brocheriou I; Ulinski T
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - Service de Nephrologie et Dialyses Pediatrique, Hopital Armand Trousseau, Avenue du Docteur Netter, 75012, Paris, France.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - BACKGROUND: Protocol biopsies can detect subclinical rejection and early signs of calcineurin inhibitor-induced nephrotoxicity. METHODS: In a prospective study, protocol biopsies 3 and 12 months after transplant in transplanted children from two centers were studied. One center used cyclosporine (CsA)-based immunosuppression and the other center used tacrolimus. Patients were on CsA (n = 26, group 1) or on tacrolimus (n = 10, group 2). Patients received basiliximab induction, mycophenolate mofetil, and prednisone. RESULTS: In patients on CsA, 26 kidney biopsies were performed during the 6 months after transplantation. Eighteen protocol biopsies were performed at 3 months post transplant; 13 were normal and five showed rejection (two borderline and three Banff II rejections). Eight biopsies were motivated by an increase of serum creatinine; four were normal and four revealed signs of acute rejection (two borderline and two Banff II). Twelve protocol biopsies were performed after 12 months; all were normal. For patients on tacrolimus (n = 10), ten protocol transplant biopsies were performed at 3 months post-transplant; none showed signs of rejection. No biopsy was performed for an increase of serum creatinine. There were no differences in patient age, number of human leukocyteantigen (HLA) incompatibilities, or other patient characteristics. CONCLUSIONS: Patients on tacrolimus had less acute rejection episodes detected on protocol biopsies 3 months after transplant. Protocol biopsies seem to play an important role in the detection of subclinical rejection in patients on CsA.
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[67]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - A systematic review of stereotactic radiotherapy ablation for primary renal cell carcinoma.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - BJU Int. 2012 Oct 29. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11550.x.
●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11550.x
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Siva S; Pham D; Gill S; Corcoran NM; Foroudi F
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - Division of Radiation Oncology and Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic. Departments of Urology and Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital and the University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Study Type - Therapy (systematic review) Level of Evidence 1a What’s known on the subject? and What does the study add? At present, little is known about the role of stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy in the treatment of primary renal cell carcinoma. The published evidence to date totals 126 patients worldwide. The majority of evidence is retrospective in nature. The present study adds context to the current literature by providing an overall summary of the evidence. OBJECTIVE: * To critically assess the use of stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy (SABR) for the treatment of primary renal cell carcinoma with particular focus on local control and toxicity outcomes. METHODS: * A systematic search on PubMed was performed in January 2012 independently by two radiation oncologists using structured search terms. * Secondary manual searches were performed on citations in relevant publications and abstracts in major radiotherapy journals. * Outcomes, techniques, biological doses and scientific rigour of the studies were analysed. RESULTS: * In total 10 publications (seven retrospective and three prospective) were identified. A wide range of techniques, doses and dose fractionation schedules were found. * A total of 126 patients were treated with between one and six fractions of SABR. Median or mean follow-up ranged from 9 to 57.5 months. A weighted local control was reported of 93.91% (range 84%-100%). * The weighted rate of severe grade 3 or higher adverse events was 3.8% (range 0%-19%). The weighted rate of grade 1-2 minor adverse events was 21.4% (range 0%-93%). The most commonly employed fractionation schedule was 40 Gy delivered over five fractions. CONCLUSIONS: * Current literature suggests that SABR for primary renal cell carcinoma can be delivered with promising rates of local control and acceptable toxicity. * However, there was insufficient evidence to recommend a consensus view for dose fractionation or technique. * This indicates the need for further prospective studies assessing the role of this technique in medically inoperable patients.
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[68]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Role of transrectal ultrasonography in prostate cancer.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - Radiol Clin North Am. 2012 Nov;50(6):1061-73. doi: 10.1016/j.rcl.2012.08.007.
●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.rcl.2012.08.007
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Ghai S; Toi A
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. sangeet.ghai@uhn.ca
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Transrectal ultrasound and ultrasound guided prostate biopsy is the current standard for detecting prostate cancer. Newer techniques such as elastography and contrast enhanced ultrasound may help in lesion detection and monitoring. Advances are occurring in several areas including multiparametric MRI, understanding of the nature of prostate cancer and new therapies including focal therapy and active surveillance. These changes are creating an increasing role for targeted biopsies following MRI and for use of MRI for treatment monitoring.
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[69]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Innovations in radical cystectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - Semin Oncol. 2012 Oct;39(5):573-82. doi: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2012.08.012.
●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1053/j.seminoncol.2012.08.012
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Stamatakis L; Godoy G; Lerner SP
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA. slerner@bcm.edu
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Radical cystectomy with bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy remains the gold standard in the surgical management of muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma of the bladder and provides optimal locoregional cancer control in conjunction with perioperative cisplatin-based chemotherapy. Improvements in preoperative staging can aid in the identification of patients who may optimally benefit from neoadjuvant chemotherapy and determine candidacy for orthotopic neobladder reconstruction. Innovations in surgical technique and perioperative care have helped to minimize patient morbidity and preserve long-term urinary and sexual function while maintaining oncologic control. The use of minimally invasive surgical approaches has grown dramatically in urologic surgery over the past decade and the preliminary results of robot-assisted laparoscopic radical cystectomy have been reported recently. Anatomic pelvic and iliac lymphadenectomy is crucial for precise pathologic staging and may improve patient survival by removing micrometastatic disease.
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[70]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Practical issues and pitfalls in staging tumors of the genitourinary tract.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - Semin Diagn Pathol. 2012 Aug;29(3):154-66. doi: 10.1053/j.semdp.2011.10.001.
●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1053/j.semdp.2011.10.001
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Osunkoya AO; Grignon DJ
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA. adeboye.osunkoya@emory.edu
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Accurate staging of tumors involving the genitourinary tract is critical to determine appropriate management options and subsequent clinical outcome for patients. The staging protocols, however, continue to evolve and are under constant revision and change. The new 2010 American Joint Committee on Cancer/Tumor Nodes and Metastasis (AJCC/TNM) staging system of the prostate, bladder, kidney, and testis is now recommended. Although the protocols are relatively straightforward, this article focuses on some practical issues and occasional pitfalls that may be encountered when staging cancers of the genitourinary tract. Specific issues that will be addressed include issues and pitfalls in radical prostatectomy specimens (substaging of pT2 tumors, extraprostatic extension, bladder neck invasion, positive surgical margins, seminal vesicle involvement, no residual tumor identified), cystectomy/cystoprostatectomy specimens (extravesicular extension and prostatic stromal invasion), nephrectomy specimens (renal sinus invasion, ipsilateral adrenal gland invasion, renal vein involvement, multifocal tumors), and orchiectomy specimens (pseudoangiolymphatic invasion of friable tumors, rete testis invasion, and spermatic cord invasion/metastasis). In addition, pitfalls in both prostate (extraprostatic extension, seminal vesicle/ejaculatory duct involvement in needle core biopsies, and quantification of tumor volume in transurethral resection specimens) and bladder (tumors with inverted growth pattern, muscularis propria invasion, extravesicular extension) biopsy interpretations that may have an impact on staging are also addressed.
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[71]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Interactions in the aetiology, presentation and management of synchronous and metachronous adenocarcinoma of the prostate and rectum.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 2012 Oct;94(7):456-62. doi: 10.1308/003588412X13373405384611.
●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1308/003588412X13373405384611
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Nash GF; Turner KJ; Hickish T; Smith J; Chand M; Moran BJ
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - Poole Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Dorset, UK. guy.nash@poole.nhs.uk
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Adenocarcinoma of the prostate and rectum are common male pelvic cancers and may present synchronously or metachronously due to their anatomic proximity. The treatment of rectal or prostate cancer (in particular surgery and/or radiotherapy) may alter the presentation, incidence and management should a metachronous tumour develop. This review focuses on the interaction between prostatic and rectal cancer diagnosis and management. We have restricted the scope of this large topic to general considerations, management of rectal cancer after prostate cancer treatment and vice versa, management of synchronous disease and cancer follow-up issues.
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[72]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Borderline serous papillary tumour of the testis: a case report and review of the literature.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - Anticancer Res. 2012 Nov;32(11):5011-3.
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Ibrahim AS; Li C; Al-Jafari MS
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Borderline serous tumour of the testis and paratestis is an uncommon entity. We report a case of borderline serous tumour of a 59-year-old male, who presented with a right testicular swelling which was clinically suspicious of carcinoma. Radical orchidectomy was performed and a cystic lesion was identified in the testis. Macroscopically the tumour was composed of a unilocular cyst with excrescences in the inner surface. The histological features were identical to the ovarian counterpart of borderline serous papillary tumour. The excrescences were formed by stratified columnar epithelium, which exhibited mild nuclear pleomorphism and mitotic activity, with a fibrovascular core and scattered psammoma bodies. There was no lymphovascular or stromal invasion. The lesion was surrounded by a dense fibrous wall. On immunohistochemistry, the lining epithelial cells expressed cytokeratin AE1/AE3 but not carcinoembryonic antigen or calretinin. Following the removal of the tumour, the patient was followed up and no recurrence or metastasis has occurred to date. This case highlights the need for clinicians and pathologists to be aware of this rare entity and to develop the best approach for patient management.
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[73]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Testicular sclerosing Sertoli cell tumor: an additional case and review of the literature.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - Anticancer Res. 2012 Nov;32(11):5127-30.
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Brunocilla E; Pultrone CV; Schiavina R; Rocca C; Passaretti G; Corti B; Martorana G
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - Department of Urology, University of Bologna, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Via Palagi 9, 40134 Bologna, Italy.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Sertoli cell tumours are very rare testicular tumours accounting for 0.4-1.5% of all testicular neoplasms. In the current report, we present a case of sclerosing Sertoli cell tumour. The histology and clinical features were compared to those of other Sertoli cell tumour subtypes in order to assess if the different subtypes really represent distinct clinical and prognostic entities. The current literature was also reviewed. Only 20 cases of sclerosing Sertoli cell tumours have been encountered. Our case, a 38-year-old man represents the 21st case. Distinction among Sertoli cell tumours is important not only histologically; sclerosing Sertoli cell tumours have a distinct clinical behaviour and prognosis, different from those of classic and large-cell calcifying Sertoli cell tumours. Pathologists and urologists should know and understand all the types of Sertoli cell tumours in order to be able to choose the correct therapeutical approach when they encounter these tumours.
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[74]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - The value of immunohistochemistry in diagnosing primary renal synovial sarcoma: a case report and literature review.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - Int Surg. 2012 Apr;97(2):177-81. doi: 10.9738/CC57.1.
●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 9738/CC57.1
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Yang L; Wang K; Hong L; Wang Y; Li X
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - Department of Urology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Abstract Primary synovial sarcoma of the kidney is rare and difficult to diagnose with 100% accuracy without the use of up-to-date histopathologic methods. Immunohistochemical procedures are well established and are continuously expanding and improving. Currently, these methods are successful in up to 90% of tumor identification. The remaining cases will ultimately benefit by combining immunohistochemistry with tumor-specific genetic marker identifiers, the latter of which are increasing in availability for tumor diagnosis. The principal immunohistochemical methods enlisted in establishing a diagnosis of primary renal synovial sarcoma are summarized.
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[75]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Rhabdomyomatous differentiation in Wilms tumor pulmonary metastases: a case report and literature review.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - Ann Clin Lab Sci. 2012 Fall;42(4):409-16.
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Seifert RP; McNab P; Sexton WJ; Sawczyn KK; Smith P; Coppola D; Bui MM
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - While sparsely reported in the literature, Wilms tumor may differentiate into more mature mesenchymal tissue types, such as skeletal muscle, following chemotherapy. The frequency of this event is unknown. Chemotherapy and radiation may induce cytodifferentiation of Wilms tumor cells or select for the survival of less mitotically active cells. In follow-up biopsies, the presence of rhabdomyomatous differentiation can confound the histologic diagnosis. Furthermore, these differentiated tumors appear to be more resistant to chemotherapy, thus biopsy and positron emission tomography scans following chemotherapy and radiation may prevent unnecessary treatment. We report an unusual case of Wilms tumor in a 21- year-old man with rhabdomyomatous differentiation of pulmonary metastases after chemotherapy, which presented a challenge during frozen section diagnosis.
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[76]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Management of non-muscle-invasive (superficial) bladder cancer.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - Semin Oncol. 2012 Oct;39(5):559-72. doi: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2012.08.001.
●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1053/j.seminoncol.2012.08.001
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Nargund VH; Tanabalan CK; Kabir MN
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - Department of Urology, Homerton Hospital, London, UK. vinod.nargund@homerton.nhs.uk
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Non-muscle-invasive (superficial) bladder cancer (NMIBC) represents 80% of incident cases of bladder cancer, and is characterized by a generally good prognosis, with a tendency to remain localized. Only 10%-20% of cases progress to invasion and/or metastasis. The biggest problem in management is the potential for local recurrence, and this will occur with relatively predictable prognostic determinants. Gene expression and other cell surface determinant are associated with outcome. In most cases, successful management is predicated on careful history taking and physical assessment, meticulous endoscopic assessment, and transurethral resection of bladder tumor tissue where indicated. Histology determines the potential for recurrence. Options of treatment include repeat resection, immunologic therapy via intravesical instillation, and the use of intravescally administered cytotoxic agents, including mitomycin C, doxorubicin, gemcitabine, and selected investigational compounds. Of importance, as some cases have the potential to invade and metastasize, timing of cystectomy for recurrent, high-risk tumors is important to avoid unnecessary morbidity and mortality.
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[77]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Management of kidney cancer in Asia: resource-stratified guidelines from the Asian Oncology Summit 2012.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - Lancet Oncol. 2012 Nov;13(11):e482-91. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(12)70433-3.
●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/S1470-2045(12)70433-3
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Chiong E; Tay MH; Tan MH; Kumar S; Sim HG; Teh BT; Umbas R; Chau NM
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - Department of Urology, National University Health System, Singapore. surce@nus.edu.sg
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Treatment of renal-cell carcinoma has progressed over the past decade, in terms of surgical and systemic therapy. Current treatment guidelines are based on clinical evidence, but do not take into account resource limitations among different countries. These limitations, which include financial and logistical challenges and lack of skilled health-care professionals, have the greatest effect in low-income countries. This consolidated statement gives treatment recommendations for renal-cell carcinoma that are based on clinical evidence and stratified according to extent of resource availability. The statement was formulated by a panel of urologists, medical oncologists, and clinical oncologists from Asian countries, at a consensus session on kidney cancer that was held as part of the 2012 Asian Oncology Summit in Singapore. Resource levels are defined according to a four-tier system (basic, limited, enhanced, and maximum), and treatment recommendations are specified based on availability of financial, skill, and logistical resources.
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[78]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Spermatic cord sarcoma: our experience and review of the literature.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - Urol Int. 2013;90(1):101-5. doi: 10.1159/000343277. Epub 2012 Oct 26.
●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1159/000343277
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Guttilla A; Crestani A; Zattoni F; Secco S; Iafrate M; Vianello F; Valotto C; Prayer-Galetti T; Zattoni F
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - Department of Oncological and Surgical Sciences, Urology Clinic, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Introduction: Spermatic cord tumors represent 4% of scrotal tumors. The most common neoplasms are lipomas. Spermatic cord sarcomas (SCS) of the genitourinary tract account for 2% of all urological tumors. Herein we presented our experience in the treatment of these tumors and a review of the literature. Patients and Methods: A review of the literature was performed using the Medline database with no restriction on language and date of published papers. The literature search used the following terms: epidemiology, surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and spermatic cord sarcomas. Four cases treated from December 2009 to May 2010 are described. Results: All patients were treated with radical orchiectomy. The final pathological report showed different types of sarcomas. Two of the patients were treated with adjuvant chemotherapy. 12 months after surgery, 2/4 patients were alive without signs of relapse. Conclusion: SCS are very rare tumors with a poor prognosis. SCS’s prognostic factors have been identified in grading, size, depth of invasion and surgical margin status. Age and performance status of the patient are however very important. Lymphatic and hematogenous dissemination is uncommon. Surgery is the most important treatment both in the first approach and in local relapse. The role of adjuvant chemotherapy and radiation therapy is still debated.
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[79]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Systematic review and economic modelling of the relative clinical benefit and cost-effectiveness of laparoscopic surgery and robotic surgery for removal of the prostate in men with localised prostate cancer.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - Health Technol Assess. 2012;16(41):1-313. doi: 10.3310/hta16410.
●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 3310/hta16410
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Ramsay C; Pickard R; Robertson C; Close A; Vale L; Armstrong N; Barocas DA; Eden CG; Fraser C; Gurung T; Jenkinson D; Jia X; Lam TB; Mowatt G; Neal DE; Robinson MC; Royle J; Rushton SP; Sharma P; Shirley MD; Soomro N
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - BACKGROUND: Complete surgical removal of the prostate, radical prostatectomy, is the most frequently used treatment option for men with localised prostate cancer. The use of laparoscopic (keyhole) and robot-assisted surgery has improved operative safety but the comparative effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of these options remains uncertain. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the relative clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of robotic radical prostatectomy compared with laparoscopic radical prostatectomy in the treatment of localised prostate cancer within the UK NHS. DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE, MEDLINE In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations, EMBASE, BIOSIS, Science Citation Index and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched from January 1995 until October 2010 for primary studies. Conference abstracts from meetings of the European, American and British Urological Associations were also searched. Costs were obtained from NHS sources and the manufacturer of the robotic system. Economic model parameters and distributions not obtained in the systematic review were derived from other literature sources and an advisory expert panel. REVIEW METHODS: Evidence was considered from randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and non-randomised comparative studies of men with clinically localised prostate cancer (cT1 or cT2); outcome measures included adverse events, cancer related, functional, patient driven and descriptors of care. Two reviewers abstracted data and assessed the risk of bias of the included studies. For meta-analyses, a Bayesian indirect mixed-treatment comparison was used. Cost-effectiveness was assessed using a discrete-event simulation model. RESULTS: The searches identified 2722 potentially relevant titles and abstracts, from which 914 reports were selected for full-text eligibility screening. Of these, data were included from 19,064 patients across one RCT and 57 non-randomised comparative studies, with very few studies considered at low risk of bias. The results of this study, although associated with some uncertainty, demonstrated that the outcomes were generally better for robotic than for laparoscopic surgery for major adverse events such as blood transfusion and organ injury rates and for rate of failure to remove the cancer (positive margin) (odds ratio 0.69; 95% credible interval 0.51 to 0.96; probability outcome favours robotic prostatectomy = 0.987). The predicted probability of a positive margin was 17.6% following robotic prostatectomy compared with 23.6% for laparoscopic prostatectomy. Restriction of the meta-analysis to studies at low risk of bias did not change the direction of effect but did decrease the precision of the effect size. There was no evidence of differences in cancer-related, patient-driven or dysfunction outcomes. The results of the economic evaluation suggested that when the difference in positive margins is equivalent to the estimates in the meta-analysis of all included studies, robotic radical prostatectomy was on average associated with an incremental cost per quality-adjusted life-year that is less than threshold values typically adopted by the NHS ( pound30,000) and becomes further reduced when the surgical capacity is high. LIMITATIONS: The main limitations were the quantity and quality of the data available on cancer-related outcomes and dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that robotic prostatectomy had lower perioperative morbidity and a reduced risk of a positive surgical margin compared with laparoscopic prostatectomy although there was considerable uncertainty. Robotic prostatectomy will always be more costly to the NHS because of the fixed capital and maintenance charges for the robotic system. Our modelling showed that this excess cost can be reduced if capital costs of equipment are minimised and by maintaining a high case volume for each robotic system of at least 100-150 procedures per year. This finding was primarily driven by a difference in positive margin rate. There is a need for further research to establish how positive margin rates impact on long-term outcomes. FUNDING: The National Institute for Health Research Health Technology Assessment programme.
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[80]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Management of AAA and late Type II EL in a patient with concomitant renal cell carcinoma. Report of a case and review of the literature.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - Ann Ital Chir. 2012 Nov-Dec;83(6):551-4.
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Fiengo L; Bucci F; Patrizi G; Paciotti C; Fanelli F
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - Department of Vascular Surgery, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy. lesliefiengo@hotmail.com
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - PURPOSE: Detection of cancer in patients with AAA complicates the treatment of both diseases. AAA associated with RN are rare, with an incidence of 0.1-3% representing a challenge in defining the surgical timing and approach. We discuss the rational for the treatment in patients with concomitant patologies. CASE REPORT: A 65 years-old man was diagnosed with both AAA and Renal Cell Carcinoma. The patient underwent first EVAR followed by renal embolization and Radical Nefrectomy. Three months later a Type II Endoleak was diagnosed and treated successfully. At 1 year follow-up the patient is disease free with complete exclusion of aneurysm sac. CONCLUSION: AAA can be successfully repaired in patients with renal neoplasm with great results, either simultaneously or in two stages. EVAR is a good alternative for such complex patients.
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[81]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Management of localised prostate cancer: watchful waiting, surgery or radiation therapy, depending on the natural course, which is often relatively slow.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - Prescrire Int. 2012 Oct;21(131):242-8.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Localised prostate cancer, confined to the prostate gland, occurs mainly in men over 65 years of age. The principal management options are watchful waiting, prostatectomy and radiation therapy. Which of these options has the best harm-benefit balance for patients with localised prostate cancer? To answer this question, we conducted a review of the literature using the standard Prescrire methodology. The natural history of localised prostate cancer depends on the extent and histologic grade of the tumour, and pretreatment PSA level. Without immediate treatment, the risk of death from prostate cancer that only one involves one lobe, a Gleason histological score of 7 or less, and a PSA level of 20 ng/ml or lower is less than 0.5% per year. The risk is about 4% per year in patients with larger tumours, poorly differentiated cancer cells (Gleason score above 7), or an elevated PSA level. Most data on radical prostatectomy come from a randomised trial versus watchful waiting in 695 men with localised cancer. Prostatectomy reduced all-cause mortality after a median followup of about 13 years (46% versus 53% without treatment), but this benefit was only seen in patients younger than 65 years at diagnosis. After 4 years of follow-up, prostatectomy was associated with erectile dysfunction in approximately 40% of patients and with incontinence in about 25% of patients. External beam radiation therapy reduced overall mortality to a lesser degree than prostatectomy, but the level of evidence is lower for this modality. Brachytherapy (implantation of a radioactive isotope in the prostate) has not been compared directly with other treatments. Transient radiation proctitis is common after external beam radiation therapy. About 15% of patients treated with external beam radiation therapy and 10% of patients treated with brachytherapy experience long-term intestinal disorders. About half of patients treated with external beam radiation therapy and the majority of patients treated with brachytherapy have transient symptoms of radiation cystitis. In the long term, about 5% of patients treated with radiation therapy have urinary incontinence, versus 12% to 25% of surgical patients. In the long term, about 75% of surgical patients experience erectile dysfunction, compared to about 60% of patients treated with external beam radiation therapy and about 50% of patients who opt for watchful waiting. Brachytherapy appears to cause less erectile dysfunction than external beam radiation therapy. In patients treated with external beam radiation therapy, the addition of hormone therapy for 4 to 6 months reduced all-cause mortality in two randomised trials but caused gynaecomastia, more erectile dysfunction, hot flashes, and hepatitis. Hormone therapy has an unfavourable harm-benefit balance when used alone to treat localised prostate cancer. Further studies of cryotherapy and high-intensity focused ultrasound therapy are needed to determine their respective benefits and harms. In practice, watchful waiting is the most reasonable option for men with low-risk localised prostate cancer and a life expectancy of less than 10 years. In men with low- or intermediate-risk localised prostate cancer and a life expectancy of more than 10 years, there is insufficient data available in early 2012 to show which of the following options is preferable: watchful waiting, radical prostatectomy, external beam radiation therapy, or brachytherapy. Patients should be informed of the risks associated with each of these options and should be actively involved in the choice of treatment. Treatment is often warranted for patients with high-risk localised prostate cancer.The main options are either radical prostatectomy or external beam radiation therapy combined with hormone therapy.
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[82]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Nasty or Nice? Findings from a UK Survey to Evaluate the Impact of the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) Clinical Guidelines on the Management of Prostate Cancer.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol). 2012 Oct 15. pii: S0936-6555(12)00283-X. doi: 10.1016/j.clon.2012.09.001.
●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.clon.2012.09.001
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Payne H; Clarke N; Huddart R; Parker C; Troup J; Graham J
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - Department of Clinical Oncology, University College Hospital London, London, UK. Electronic address: heather_payner@blueyonder.co.uk.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - AIMS: Although the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence clinical guideline 58 (CG58) for prostate cancer management was expected to have a positive effect, several recommendations raised concern among UK physicians. We conducted a survey of UK oncologists in 2008 and a second, similar survey in 2010 to assess views on these recommendations and to evaluate the change in opinion over time. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two semi-structured questionnaires were issued by the British Uro-oncology Group to society members in September 2008 and October 2010. RESULTS: In 2008, 61 UK oncologists completed the survey; 60% agreed that CG58 would make a positive contribution towards improving patient care. There was strong opposition towards active surveillance as the first-line treatment for men with low-risk localised prostate cancer (49% disagreement); implementing 5 yearly flexible sigmoidoscopy post-prostate radiotherapy (51% disagreement); offering follow-up outside of the hospital (e.g. by general practitioners in primary care) for men with a stable prostate-specific antigen for >/=2 years (44% disagreement); and recommendations against docetaxel retreatment (47% disagreement) or bisphosphonate use (58% disagreement). In 2010, 77 UK oncologists completed the survey. The results were largely consistent with 2008, although several recommendations, particularly for localised disease, seem to have promoted a change in clinical practice, suggesting that they are facilitating a standardised approach. Compared with 2008, the 2010 results indicate a shift in favour of active surveillance (80% agreement) and primary care follow-up (59% agreement), but increasing opposition for docetaxel retreatment (57% disagreement). Opinions remained divided for flexible sigmoidoscopy and bisphosphonates. CONCLUSIONS: Despite initial concerns, the CG58 seems to have had a positive impact on prostate cancer management in the UK, with adherence likely facilitating a standardised approach. However, with new data emerging, these findings underscore the need to regularly update guidelines. A revision of the CG58 is anticipated by 2014.
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[83]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Abiraterone acetate: a novel drug for castration-resistant prostate carcinoma.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - J Postgrad Med. 2012 Jul-Sep;58(3):203-6.
●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 4103/0022-3859.101400
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Nandha R
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - Department of Pharmacology, Dr. HSJIDS, Panjab University, Sector 25, Chandigarh, Punjab, India.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Androgen-deprivation therapy is the mainstay of treatment for the management of advanced prostate carcinoma till transition to castration-resistant prostate carcinoma (CRPC). Recently, adrenal and intratumoral synthesis of androgens has been found to be the major cause for CRPC. Abiraterone acetate is an orally active, potent and selective inhibitor of 17 a hydroxylase and c 17, 20 lyase, which acts by decreasing the de novo production of androgens with no rise in steroids downstream. Multiple randomized trials have shown significant improvement of >50% decline in prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and time to PSA progression (TTPP) with abiraterone acetate 1000 mg per day in chemotherapy/ketoconazole treated and naive CRPC patients producing reversible and manageable adverse effects due to mineralocorticoid excess. This article reviews the available evidence on efficacy and safety of this drug in CRPC. Searches of Pubmed, Cochrane database, Medscape, Google and clinicaltrial.org were made for terms like CRPC and abiraterone.
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[84]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Systematic review of hepatocellular carcinoma mortality rates among hepatitis B virus-infected renal transplant recipients, with supplemental analyses of liver failure and all-cause mortality.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - Int J Infect Dis. 2013 Jan;17(1):e24-36. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2012.08.002. Epub 2012 Oct 1.
●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.ijid.2012.08.002
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Blackadar CB
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - Box 25028, 370 Stone Rd, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 4T4, Canada. Electronic address: c.brianblackadar@hotmail.com.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this review was to compare the mortality rates for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) among hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-seropositive renal transplant (RT) patients versus HBsAg-seropositive persons of the general population. METHODS: A comprehensive search was performed to identify cohort studies of HBsAg-seropositive RT patients with at least 4 years of follow-up. Data were analyzed as outlined below. HCC was a rare event in regions of low and intermediate seroprevalence of HBsAg. Subsequently, studies from low and intermediate seroprevalence areas were analyzed separately from those of high seroprevalence areas. RESULTS: Thirty-one retrospective studies that followed 1277 seropositive RT patients were identified for inclusion. The studies were pooled and compared to four different general population studies that included 12558 seropositive persons using Poisson methods. The mortality rate of HCC was increased in low and intermediate seroprevalence areas (RR 7.67, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.93-15.0; RR 9.92, 95% CI 5.38-18.3). In high seroprevalence areas, the mortality rate of HCC was increased compared to one population study, but not another (RR 2.76, 95% CI 1.64-4.63; RR 1.02, 95% CI 0.61-1.69). CONCLUSIONS: Mortality due to HCC was increased in low and intermediate seroprevalence areas, but the evidence was inconclusive for high seroprevalence areas.
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[85]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Genetic analysis of the principal genes related to prostate cancer: A review.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - Urol Oncol. 2012 Nov 7. pii: S1078-1439(12)00253-0. doi: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2012.07.011.
●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.urolonc.2012.07.011
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Alvarez-Cubero MJ; Saiz M; Martinez-Gonzalez LJ; Alvarez JC; Lorente JA; Cozar JM
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - Laboratory of Genetic Identification, Legal Medicine and Toxicology Department, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada, España. Electronic address: mjesusac@ugr.es.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Prostate cancer is one of the most common leading causes of cancer death in men. Attributable to many genetic linkage and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) around the world, several high-penetrance genetic variants have been identified. Many polymorphisms in genes, such as ELAC2 (locus HPC2), RNase L (locus hereditary prostate cancer 1 gene [HPC1]), and MSR1 have been recognized as important genetic factors that confer an increased risk of developing prostate cancer in many populations. A review of the literature was then performed analyzing the roles of these and other genes in prostate cancer. Our main challenge is optimizing the role of these genes in prostate cancer development, even trying to use these genes as general biomarkers. The principal aim of this review is to determine the most important variants in the principal genes related to prostate cancer and examine the differences among populations. The concept of individualized or personalized targeted cancer therapy has gained significant attention throughout oncology. In prostate cancer, the creation of a personalized panel of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) biomarkers may be important for the early and accurate detection of this cancer. As a result, the need for a good biomarker is required to detect prostate cancer earlier and to provide tools to follow patients during the early stages of the cancer. At present, prostate cancer continues to have an unclear etiology, which is a combination of genetic and numerous environmental factors. Among genetic factors, no variants of the RNase L, ELAC2, or MSR1 genes have been detected with similar expression patterns in different populations all around the world.
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[86]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Why are diabetics at reduced risk for prostate cancer? A review of the epidemiologic evidence.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - Urol Oncol. 2012 Sep;30(5):735-43. doi: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2012.07.008.
●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.urolonc.2012.07.008
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Pierce BL
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - Department of Health Studies and Comprehensive Cancer Center, the University of Chicago, IL 60637, USA. bpierce@health.bsd.uchicago.edu
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - A large body of epidemiologic evidence provides strong support for the notion that type-2 diabetics are at decreased risk for prostate cancer. In this review article, we summarize the epidemiologic literature that explores the role of diabetes mellitus and related biomarkers in prostate cancer risk and detection, in order to create a better understanding of the potential mechanisms that underlie this inverse association. The bulk of the data supporting this association comes from the USA, as evidence for this association is less consistent in many other regions of the world. The relationship between diabetes and prostate cancer is suspected to be causal due to evidence of decreasing prostate cancer risk with increasing diabetes duration and lack of evidence for any confounding of this association. Hypothesized mechanisms for decreased prostate cancer risk among diabetics include (1) decreased levels of hormones and other cancer-related growth factors among diabetics, (2) the impact of diabetes on detection-related factors, such as prostate size, circulating prostate-specific antigen (PSA), and health-care seeking behaviors, (3) protective effects of diabetes medications, and (4) a protective effect of diabetes-induced vascular damage in the prostate. The evidence for screening-related factors is compelling, as diabetics appear to have reduced PSA and lower levels of health-care seeking behavior compared with nondiabetics. Furthermore, the inverse association between diabetes and prostate cancer is much less apparent in populations that do not perform biopsies based on PSA levels and in studies restricted to biopsied individuals. The inverse association appears to be stronger for low-grade disease, as compared with high-grade (Gleason >7), which is consistent with the observation that among patients receiving biopsy or prostate cancer treatment, diabetics are more likely to have high-grade disease as compared to nondiabetics, potentially resulting in worse outcomes for diabetics. Epidemiological research has reveals a great deal regarding the relationship between diabetes and prostate cancer risk, but additional research is needed to further clarify the mechanisms underlying this inverse association.
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[87]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Diagnosis of narrow-band imaging in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - Int J Urol. 2012 Nov 1. doi: 10.1111/j.1442-2042.2012.03211.x.
●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1111/j.1442-2042.2012.03211.x
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Li K; Lin T; Fan X; Duan Y; Huang J
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Gene Regulation and Target Therapy of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou, China.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - OBJECTIVES: The objective was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of cystoscopy assisted by narrow-band imaging compared with white-light imaging for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. METHODS: An electronic database search of PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Ovid and Web of Science was carried out for all articles comparing narrow-band imaging with white-light imaging cystoscopy in the detection of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. The review process followed the guidelines of the Cochrane Collaboration. RESULTS: Seven studies with prospectively collected data including a total of 1040 patients were identified, and 611 patients with 1476 tumors were detected by biopsy. In the patient- and tumor-level analysis, an additional 17% of patients (95% confidence interval, 10-25%) and an additional 24% of tumors (95% confidence interval, 17-31%) were detected by narrow-band imaging, respectively. In the patient- and tumor-level analysis, significantly higher detection rates using narrow-band imaging (rate difference 11%; 95% confidence interval 5-17%; P < 0.001; and rate difference 19%; 95% confidence interval 12-26%; P < 0.001, respectively) rather than white-light imaging were found. On the tumor level, an additional 28% of carcinoma in situ was detected (95% confidence interval 14-45%) by narrow-band imaging, and a significantly higher detection rate (rate difference 11%; 95% confidence interval 1-21%; P = 0.03) was found. The false-positive detection rate of tumor level did not differ significantly between the two techniques. CONCLUSIONS: Cystoscopy assisted by narrow-band imaging detects more patients and tumors of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer than white-light imaging, and it might be an additional or alternative diagnostic technique for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer.
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[88]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Adaptive off-line protocol for prostate external radiotherapy with cone beam computer tomography.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - Strahlenther Onkol. 2012 Nov;188(11):1003-9. doi: 10.1007/s00066-012-0226-9. Epub 2012 Oct 10.
●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s00066-012-0226-9
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Piziorska M; Kukolowicz P; Zawadzka A; Pilichowska M; Peczkowski P
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - Medical Physics Department, Center of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - PURPOSE: The goal of this work was to prepare and to evaluate an off-line adaptive protocol for prostate teleradiotherapy with kilovoltage cone beam computer tomography (CBCT). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Ten patients with localized prostate carcinoma treated with external beams underwent image-guided radiotherapy. In total, 162 CBCT images were collected. Position of prostate and pubis symphysis (PS) with respect to the isocenter were measured off-line. Using the CBCT scans obtained in the first three fractions the average position of prostate in relation (AvPosPr) to PB was calculated. On each CBCT scan, the position of prostate with respect to AvPosPr was calculated and cumulative histogram of prostate displacement with respect to AvPosPr was prepared. Using this data, the adaptive protocol was prepared in which (1) based on the CBCT made in the first three fractions the AvPosPr to PS is obtained, (2) in all other fractions two orthogonal images are acquired and if for any direction set-up error exceeds 0.2 cm the patient’s position is corrected, and (3) additionally, the patient’s position is corrected if the AvPosPr exceeds 0.2 cm in any direction. To evaluate the adaptive protocol for 30 consecutive patients, the CBCT was also made in 10th and 21st fraction. RESULTS: For the first 10 patients, the results revealed that the prostate was displaced in relation to AvPosPr >0.7 cm in the vertical and longitudinal directions only on 4 and 5 images of 162 CBCT images, respectively. For the lateral direction, this displacement was >0.3 cm in one case. For the group of 30 patients, displacement was never >0.7, and 0.3 cm for the vertical and lateral directions. In two cases, displacements were >0.7 cm for the longitudinal direction. CONCLUSION: Implementation of the proposed adaptive procedure based on the on-line set-up error elimination followed by a reduction of systematic internal error enables reducing the CTV-PTV margin to 0.7, 0.7, and 0.4 cm for the vertical, longitudinal, and lateral directions, respectively.
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[89]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Mucin-producing tumors and tumor-like lesions involving the prostate: a comprehensive review.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - Adv Anat Pathol. 2012 Nov;19(6):374-87. doi: 10.1097/PAP.0b013e318271a361.
●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1097/PAP.0b013e318271a361
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Bohman KD; Osunkoya AO
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Mucin-producing tumors of the prostate include both primary and secondary tumors with mucinous differentiation or features involving the prostate gland. These tumors are relatively rare and have variable prognostic and therapeutic implications. Primary mucinous (colloid) adenocarcinoma of the prostate is defined as prostatic adenocarcinoma with mucinous differentiation involving 25% or more of the entire tumor. Another primary tumor of the prostate that may have mucinous features is primary mucin-producing urothelial-type adenocarcinoma of the prostate (mucinous prostatic urethral adenocarcinoma). Primary mucin-producing urothelial-type adenocarcinoma of the prostate is a distinct entity that typically arises from the prostatic urethra possibly from urethritis glandularis or glandular metaplasia with malignant transformation, and it is analogous to adenocarcinoma with mucinous differentiation arising from the urinary bladder. Signet ring cell tumors of the prostate, though rare, may also have mucinous features. Secondary tumors with mucinous differentiation that may involve the prostate include adenocarcinomas of the urinary bladder and colorectum. Pathologists should also be aware of mucin-producing tumor-like lesions involving the prostate, including mucinous metaplasia, and benign Cowper glands that may mimic malignancy. Herein we present an updated and comprehensive review of the clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical, molecular, and prognostic features of mucinous tumors and tumor-like lesions involving the prostate gland, with emphasis on mucinous prostatic adenocarcinoma and its mimickers, including potential diagnostic pitfalls.
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[90]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Cyclooxygenase-2 expression in bladder cancer and patient prognosis: results from a large clinical cohort and meta-analysis.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - PLoS One. 2012;7(9):e45025. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045025. Epub 2012 Sep 13.
●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1371/journal.pone.0045025
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Czachorowski MJ; Amaral AF; Montes-Moreno S; Lloreta J; Carrato A; Tardon A; Morente MM; Kogevinas M; Real FX; Malats N
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, España.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Aberrant overexpression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) is observed in urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB). Studies evaluating COX2 as a prognostic marker in UCB report contradictory results. We determined the prognostic potential of COX2 expression in UCB and quantitatively summarize the results with those of the literature through a meta-analysis. Newly diagnosed UCB patients recruited between 1998-2001 in 18 Spanish hospitals were prospectively included in the study and followed-up (median, 70.7 months). Diagnostic slides were reviewed and uniformly classified by expert pathologists. Clinical data was retrieved from hospital charts. Tissue microarrays containing non-muscle invasive (n=557) and muscle invasive (n=216) tumours were analyzed by immunohistochemistry using quantitative image analysis. Expression was evaluated in Cox regression models to assess the risk of recurrence, progression and disease-specific mortality. Meta-hazard ratios were estimated using our results and those from 11 additional evaluable studies. COX2 expression was observed in 38% (211/557) of non-muscle invasive and 63% (137/216) of muscle invasive tumors. Expression was associated with advanced pathological stage and grade (p<0.0001). In the univariable analyses, COX2 expression - as a categorical variable - was not associated with any of the outcomes analyzed. As a continuous variable, a weak association with recurrence in non-muscle invasive tumors was observed (p-value=0.048). In the multivariable analyses, COX2 expression did not independently predict any of the considered outcomes. The meta-analysis confirmed these results. We did not find evidence that COX2 expression is an independent prognostic marker of recurrence, progression or survival in patients with UCB.
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[91]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Screening and early diagnosis of prostate cancer: an update.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - Acta Clin Belg. 2012 Jul-Aug;67(4):270-5.
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Lumen N; Fonteyne V; De Meerleer G; De Visschere P; Ost P; Oosterlinck W; Villeirs G
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - Dept. of Urology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium. lumennicolaas@hotmaiI.com
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Screening for prostate cancer has become a main controversial topic. First the currently used screening tools, PSA (Prostate Specific Antigen) and DRE (Digital Rectal Examination) have a low accuracy in the prediction of prostate cancer. Second, the benefit of screening in reducing the prostate cancer related mortality was not uniformly shown in older screening studies and there was concern about the risk of overdiagnosis and over-treatment of insignificant prostate cancers. Very recently, 3 major prospective, randomized screening studies have been published. This paper aims to provide an overview how the performance of the current screening tools can be ameliorated and evaluates the recently published screening studies with practical considerations for future screening protocols.
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[92]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Prostate cancer may trigger paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis: A case report and a review of the literature.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - Int J Urol. 2012 Nov 27. doi: 10.1111/iju.12030.
●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1111/iju.12030
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Jakobsen JK; Zakharia ER; Boysen AK; Andersen H; Schlesinger FE; Lund L
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - Department of Urology, Viborg Hospital, Viborg, Denmark.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - We present a case of a previously healthy and active 64-year-old man who experienced a rapid neuropsychiatric decline. All tests for metabolic causes, neuroinfection, intracranial infarction or tumor were negative. By the means of magnetic resonance imaging, electroencephalography and the anti-Hu antibody test the patient was diagnosed with paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis related to prostate cancer. The patient died within 6 months. We review the literature on prostate cancer-related paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis. High-risk prostate cancer can trigger paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis, a rapidly progressive neurological syndrome with a bad prognosis.
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[93]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Sunitinib adverse events in metastatic renal cell carcinoma: a meta-analysis.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - Int J Clin Oncol. 2012 Nov 21.
●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s10147-012-0497-2
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Ibrahim EM; Kazkaz GA; Abouelkhair KM; Bayer AM; Elmasri OA
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - Oncology Center of Excellence, International Medical Center, PO Box 2172, Jeddah, 21451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, ezzibrahim@imc.med.sa.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - BACKGROUND: Sunitinib, a multi-targeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has demonstrated survival benefit in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC); however, significant adverse events (AEs) have been associated with its use. The significant variation in the reported incidences of AEs has prompted this meta-analysis to quantify the risk and explore associated predictors. METHODS: According to predefined selection criteria, a literature search identified 12 studies that were included in the analyses. RESULTS: The meta-analysis included 5,658 patients; 66 % patients had prior systemic therapy whereas the remaining patients (34 %) received sunitinib in the first-line setting. For any grade toxicity, skin rash, fatigue, diarrhea, and mucositis were the most frequently encountered events (81, 52, 45, and 33 %, respectively). Anemia, neutropenia, or thrombocytopenia of any grade occurred in more than one-third of patients, although grades 3 or 4 were less common. Any grade raised by liver enzymes or serum creatinine occurred in 40 and 44 % of patients, respectively. Meta-regression analyses showed that study size was inversely related to the risk of experiencing fatigue, diarrhea, mucositis, anemia, and thrombocytopenia. In particular, the incidence of AEs was higher when sunitinib was used in pretreated versus naive patients; however, there was no significant difference between the two groups concerning the incidence of laboratory abnormalities. We addressed the limitations of reporting AEs in clinical studies. CONCLUSIONS: The present meta-analysis quantified sunitinib-associated AEs. The derived estimates would be similar to that to be expected from the use of sunitinib in community practice in unselected patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC).
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[94]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Meta-analysis of the relation between the VDR gene TaqIpolymorphism and genetic susceptibility to prostate cancer in Asian populations.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2012;13(9):4441-4.
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Guo YJ; Shi ZM; Liu JD; Lei N; Chen QH; Tang Y
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - College of Materials and Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - BACKGROUND: Polymorphisms of the Taq I gene have been associated with prostate cancer risk. METHODS: We applied a fixed-effects model to combine odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). The Egger’s test was carried out to evaluate potential publication bias. RESULTS: A total of 10 case-control studies enrolling 1,141 prostate cancer patients and 1,685 controls were included in this meta-analysis. Compared with the T allele, the OR for the C allele was 0.81 (0.70-0.94). The ORs for CT and CC+CT genotypes were 0.86 (0.74-1.01) and 0.84 (0.73-0.97) compared to wide type genotype (homozygote TT). CONCLUSIONS: The present meta-analysis suggests that the TF gene Taq I polymorphism may reduce the prostate cancer risk in Asian populations.
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[95]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Editorial Comment from Dr Sengupta and Dr Webb to Pelvic lymph node dissection for prostate cancer: Adherence and accuracy of the recent guidelines.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - Int J Urol. 2012 Oct 17. doi: 10.1111/j.1442-2042.2012.03208.x.
●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1111/j.1442-2042.2012.03208.x
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Sengupta S; Webb DR
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - Department of Urology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia. senguptaurology@gmail.com.
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[96]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Pelvic lymph node dissection for prostate cancer: Adherence and accuracy of the recent guidelines.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - Int J Urol. 2012 Oct 8. doi: 10.1111/j.1442-2042.2012.03171.x.
●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1111/j.1442-2042.2012.03171.x
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Abdollah F; Abdo A; Sun M; Schmitges J; Tian Z; Briganti A; Shariat SF; Perrotte P; Montorsi F; Karakiewicz PI
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, University of Montreal Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Urology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - OBJECTIVES: The 2004 National Comprehensive Cancer Network practice guidelines recommend pelvic lymph node dissection at radical prostatectomy. We sought to examine the adherence to the 2004 National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines and to test the their accuracy, as well as the accuracy of the most contemporary National Comprehensive Cancer Network, American Urological Association, and European Association of Urology guidelines to predict lymph node metastases. METHODS: A total of 33 037 radical prostatectomy patients were identified, between 2004 and 2006. Adherence to the 2004 National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines was calculated using three clinically plausible cut-offs: 2, 5 and 10%. The accuracy was tested using the area under the curve. RESULTS: Overall, 63% of patients underwent pelvic lymph node dissection. Of those, 61, 49 and 45% were managed according to the 2004 National Comprehensive Cancer Network guideline cut-off of 2, 5 and 10%, respectively. The accuracy of all the examined guidelines ranged from 61% to 71%. The highest accuracy was recorded for the European Association of Urology and the 2004 National Comprehensive Cancer Network cut-off 5% guidelines. The lowest accuracy was recorded for the most contemporary National Comprehensive Cancer Network guideline. CONCLUSIONS: Adherence to the 2004 National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines was suboptimal. The accuracy of all the examined guidelines ranged from 61% to 71%. None of the examined guidelines can be regarded as an ideal indication for pelvic lymph node dissection.
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[97]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Editorial Comment from Dr Laudone and Dr Silberstein to Pelvic lymph node dissection for prostate cancer: Adherence and accuracy of the recent guidelines.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - Int J Urol. 2012 Oct 8. doi: 10.1111/j.1442-2042.2012.03190.x.
●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1111/j.1442-2042.2012.03190.x
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Laudone VP; Silberstein JL
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA. laudonev@mskcc.org.
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[98]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - The association of RAS association domain family Protein1A (RASSF1A) methylation states and bladder cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - PLoS One. 2012;7(11):e48300. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048300. Epub 2012 Nov 6.
●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1371/journal.pone.0048300
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Gao T; Wang S; He B; Pan Y; Song G; Gu L; Chen L; Nie Z; Xu Y; Li R
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - Central Laboratory, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical, University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - RAS association domain family protein 1a (RASSF1A) is a putative tumor suppressor gene located on 3p21, has been regarded playing important roles in the regulation of different types of human tumors. Previous reports demonstrated that the frequency of RASSF1A methylation was significantly higher in patients group compared with controls, but the relationship between RASSF1A promoter methylation and pathological features or the tumor grade of bladder cancer remains controversial. Therefore, A meta-analysis of published studies investigating the effects of RASSF1A methylation status in bladder cancer occurrence and association with both pTNM (p, pathologic stage; T, tumor size; N, node status; M, metastatic status) and tumor grade in bladder cancer was performed in the study. A total of 10 eligible studies involving 543 cases and 217 controls were included in the pooled analyses. Under the fixed-effects model, the OR of RASSF1A methylation in bladder cancer patients, compared to non-cancer controls, was 8. 40 with 95%CI=4. 96-14. 23. The pooled OR with the random-effects model of pTNM and tumor grade in RASSF1A methylated patients, compared to unmethylated patients, was 0. 75 (95%CI=0. 28-1. 99) and 0. 39 (95%CI=0. 14-1. 09). This study showed that RASSF1A methylation appears to be an independent prognostic factor for bladder cancer. The present findings also require confirmation through adequately designed prospective studies.
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[99]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Sirolimus and non-melanoma skin cancer prevention after kidney transplantation: a meta-analysis.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2012;13(9):4335-9.
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Gu YH; Du JX; Ma ML
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - Department of Pharmaceutics, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - BACKGROUND: Whether sirolimus is useful in the prevention of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) remains unclear and we therefore performed this meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to test the hypothesis that Sirolimus-based immunosuppression is associated with a decrease in NMSC. METHODS: The main outcomes were NMSC, squamous-cell carcinoma and basal-cell carcinoma. The pooled risk ratio (RR) with its 95% confidence interval (95%CI) were used to assess the effects. RESULTS: 5 randomized trials involving a total of 1499 patients receiving kidney transplantation were included. Patients undergoing Sirolimus-based immunosuppression had much lower risk of NMSC (RR = 0.49, 95%CI 0.32-0.76, P = 0.001). Subgroup analyses by tumor type showed that Sirolimus-based immunosuppression significantly decreased risk of both squamous-cell carcinoma (RR = 0.58, 95%CI 0.43-0.78, P < 0.001) and basal-cell carcinoma (RR = 0.56, 95%CI 0.37-0.85, P = 0.006). The quality of evidence was high for NMSC, and moderate for squamous-cell carcinoma and basal-cell carcinoma. No evidence of publication bias was observed. CONCLUSION: High quality evidence suggests that Sirolimus-based immunosuppression decreases risk of non-melanoma skin cancer, and Sirolimus has an antitumoral effect among kidney-transplant recipients.
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[100]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Meta-analysis of Associations between the MDM2-T309G polymorphism and prostate cancer risk.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2012;13(9):4327-30.
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Chen T; Yi SH; Liu XY; Liu ZG
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease for Allergy at Shengzhen University, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - The mouse double minute 2 (MDM2) gene plays a key role in the p53 pathway, and the SNP 309T/G single- nucleotide polymorphism in the promoter region of MDM2 has been shown to be associated with increased risk of cancer. However, no consistent results were found concerning the relationships between the polymorphism and prostate cancer risk. This meta-analysis, covering 4 independent case-control studies, was conducted to better understand the association between MDM2-SNP T309G and prostate cancer risk focusing on overall and subgroup aspects. The analysis revealed, no matter what kind of genetic model was used, no significant association between MDM2-SNP T309G and prostate cancer risk in overall analysis (GT/TT: OR = 0.84, 95%CI = 0.60-1.19; GG/TT: OR = 0.69, 95%CI = 0.43-1.11; dominant model: OR = 0.81, 95%CI= 0.58-1.13; recessive model: OR = 1.23, 95%CI = 0.95-1.59). In subgroup analysis, the polymorphism seemed more likely to be a protective factor in Europeans (GG/TT: OR = 0.52, 95%CI = 0.31-0.87; recessive model: OR = 0.58, 95%CI = 0.36-0.95) than in Asian populations, and a protective effect of the polymorphism was also seen in hospital-based studies in all models (GT/TT: OR = 0.74, 95%CI = 0.57-0.97; GG/TT: OR = 0.55, 95%CI = 0.38-0.79; dominant model: OR = 0.69, 95%CI = 0.54-0.89; recessive model: OR = 0.70, 95%CI = 0.51-0.97). However, more primary studies with a larger number of samples are required to confirm our findings.
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[101]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Primary testicular lymphoma with cardiac involvement in an immunocompetent patient: case report and a concise review of literature.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - Rare Tumors. 2012 Jun 26;4(3):e43. doi: 10.4081/rt.2012.e43. Epub 2012 Sep 4.
●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 4081/rt.2012.e43
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Dahiya S; Ooi WB; Mallidi J; Sivalingam S; Steingart R
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - Baystate Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Springfield, MA, USA.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Primary testicular lymphoma (PTL) is a rare testicular tumor representing less than 9% of all testicular cancers. PTL usually tends to spread to or relapse at nodal structures or extra-nodal sites such as contralateral testes, central nervous system, skin, lung, pleura, waldeyer’s ring and soft tissues. We present a case of PTL with huge left atrial mass, an extremely unusual site of involvement. Early disease usually carries a good prognosis, whereas advanced stage carries an extremely poor prognosis. Herein, we report the complete remission to date in a patient with advanced stage PTL with huge left atrial mass, treated with systemic rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone and intrathecal methotrexate. A brief review of literature focusing on various aspects of management of primary testicular lymphoma and lymphomatous involvement of heart is also discussed.
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[102]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Diabetes mellitus and prostate cancer risk in Asian countries: a meta-analysis.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2012;13(8):4097-100.
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Long XJ; Lin S; Sun YN; Zheng ZF
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China. xiangjulong2012@163.com
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - BACKGROUND/AIMS: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is widely considered to be associated with risk of cancer, but studies investigating the association between DM and prostate cancer in Asian countries have reported inconsistent findings. We examined this association by conducting a detailed meta-analysis of studies published on the subject. METHODS: Cohort or case-control studies were identified by searching Pubmed, Embase and Wanfang databases through May 30, 2012. Pooled relative risk (RR) with its corresponding 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were calculated using the random-effects model. Subgroup analyses were performed by the study type. RESULTS: Finally, we identified 7 studies (four cohort studies and three case-control studies) with a total of 1,751,274 subjects from Asians. DM was associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer in Asians (unadjusted RR= 2.82, 95% CI 1.73-4.58, P < 0.001; adjusted RR= 1.31, 95% CI 1.12-1.54, P = 0.001). Subgroup analyses by study design further confirmed an obvious association. CONCLUSION: Findings from this meta-analysis strongly support that diabetes is associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer in Asians.
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[103]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - No association between egg intake and prostate cancer risk: a meta-analysis.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2012;13(9):4677-81.
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Xie B; He H
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - Department of Urology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - OBJECTIVE: Egg consumption has been suggested to increase the risk of colorectal and some other cancers. The present study summarized and quantified the current evidence relating dietary intake of eggs and prostate cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Literature searches were conducted to identify peer-reviewed manuscripts published up to July 2012. Twenty manuscripts from nine cohort studies and 11 case-control studies were identified. Summary risk estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for case-control and cohort studies separately. RESULTS: Neither the case-control not the cohort studies showed any association of prostate cancer incidence with egg consumption (case-control studies: odds ratio 1.09, 95% CI 0.86-1.31; cohort studies: relative risk 0.97, 95% CI 0.97-1.07). The results were consistent in subgroup analysis. Furthermore, no association was observed between egg consumption and prostate cancer-specific mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Our analyses provided no evidence of a significant influence of egg consumption on prostate cancer incidence and mortality. However, more studies, particularly large prospective studies, are needed.
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[104]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Variants on ESR1 and their association with prostate cancer risk: a meta-analysis.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2012;13(8):3931-6.
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Ding X; Cui FM; Xu ST; Pu JX; Huang YH; Zhang JL; Wei XD; Hou JQ; Yan CY
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - BACKGROUND: Epidemiological studies evaluating the association of two variants rs9340799 and rs2234693 on estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) with prostate risk have generated inconsistent results. METHODS: A meta-analysis was here conducted to systematically evaluate the relationship of these two variants with prostate cancer susceptibility. RESULTS: For rs9340799, heterozygosity of T/C carriers showed a significant increased prostate cancer risk with a pooled odds ratio (OR) of 1.34 (95% CI = 1.06-1.69) while homozygote C/C carriers showed an increased but not statistically significant association with prostate cancer risk (pooled OR = 1.29, 95% CI = 0.94-1.79). Compared to the homozygous TT carriers, the allele C carriers showed a 31% increased risk for prostate cancer (pooled OR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.06-1.63). No significant association between the rs2234693 and prostate cancer risk was found with the pooled OR of 1.15 (95% CI = 0.97-1.39, T/C and C/C vs. T/T) under the dominant genetic model. Compared to the homozygote T/T carriers, the heterozygous T/C carriers did not show any significantly different risk of prostate cancer (pooled OR = 1.13, 95% CI = 0.94-1.36) and the homozygous C/C carriers also did not show a significant change for prostate cancer risk compared to the wide-type T/T carriers (pooled OR = 1.26, 95% CI = 0.98-1.62). CONCLUSIONS: These data suggested that variant rs9340799, but not rs2234693, on ESR1 confers an elevated risk of prostate cancer.
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[105]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Genetic polymorphisms of GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 with prostate cancer risk: a meta-analysis of 57 studies.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - PLoS One. 2012;7(11):e50587. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050587. Epub 2012 Nov 26.
●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1371/journal.pone.0050587
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Gong M; Dong W; Shi Z; Xu Y; Ni W; An R
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - Department of Urological Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 polymorphisms might be involved in inactivation of procarcinogens that contribute to the genesis and progression of cancers. However, studies investigating the association between GSTM1, GSTT1 or GSTP1 polymorphisms and prostate cancer (PCa) risk report conflicting results, therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to re-examine the controversy. METHODS: Published literature from PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) were searched (updated to June 2, 2012). According to our inclusion criteria, studies that observed the association between GSTM1, GSTT1 or GSTP1 polymorphisms and PCa risk were included. The principal outcome measure was the odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) for the risk of PCa associated with GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 polymorphisms. RESULTS: Fifty-seven studies involving 11313 cases and 12934 controls were recruited. The overall OR, which was 1.2854 (95% CI = 1.1405-1.4487), revealed a significant risk of PCa and GSTM1 null genotype, and the similar results were observed when stratified by ethnicity and control source. Further, the more important is that the present study first reported the high risks of PCa for people who with dual null genotype of GSTM1 and GSTT1 (OR = 1.4353, 95% CI = 1.0345-1.9913), or who with GSTT1 null genotype and GSTP1 A131G polymorphism (OR = 1.7335, 95% CI = 1.1067-2.7152). But no association was determined between GSTT1 null genotype (OR = 1.102, 95% CI = 0.9596-1.2655) or GSTP1 A131G polymorphism (OR = 1.0845, 95% CI = 0.96-1.2251) and the PCa risk. CONCLUSIONS: Our meta-analysis suggested that the people with GSTM1 null genotype, with dual null genotype of GSTM1 and GSTT1, or with GSTT1 null genotype and GSTP1 A131G polymorphism are associated with high risks of PCa, but no association was found between GSTT1 null genotype or GSTP1 A131G polymorphism and the risk of PCa. Further rigorous analytical studies are highly expected to confirm our conclusions and assess gene-environment interactions with PCa risk.
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[106]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Relationship of dietary intake of omega-3 and omega-6 Fatty acids with risk of prostate cancer development: a meta-analysis of prospective studies and review of literature.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - Prostate Cancer. 2012;2012:826254. doi: 10.1155/2012/826254. Epub 2012 Oct 18.
●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1155/2012/826254
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Chua ME; Sio MC; Sorongon MC; Dy JS
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - Institute of Urology, St. Luke’s Medical Center, 1102 Quezon City, Philippines.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Objective. To determine the relationship between dietary omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) and omega-6 fatty acids (n-6 PUFA) with prostate cancer risk from meta-analysis of prospective studies. Design. The literature retrieved from electronic biomedical databases up to June 2011 was critically appraised. General variance-based method was used to pool the effect estimates at 95% confidence interval. Heterogeneity was assessed by Chi(2) and quantified by I(2). Results. Eight cohort studies were included for meta-analysis. n-3 PUFA, n-6 PUFA, and their derivatives were not significantly associated with risk of prostate cancer in general. A significant negative association between high dietary intake of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) and prostate cancer risk (pooled RR: 0.915; 95% CI: 0.849, 0.985; P = 0.019) was noted. Likewise, a slightly positive association was noted on dietary long-chain n-3 PUFA, composed of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) with prostate cancer risk (pooled RR: 1.135; 95% CI: 1.008, 1.278; P = 0.036); however, when two other cohort studies with data of EPA and DHA, both analyzed separately, were included into the pool, the association became not significant (RR: 1.034; 95% CI: 0.973, 1.096; P = 0.2780). Conclusion. Intake of n-3 PUFA and n-6 PUFA does not significantly affect risk of prostate cancer. High intake of ALA may reduce risk of prostate cancer, while intake of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids does not have a significant effect.
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[107]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Optimising (18)F-Choline PET/CT Acquisition Protocol in Prostate Cancer Patients.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - N Am J Med Sci. 2012 Sep;4(9):416-20. doi: 10.4103/1947-2714.100994.
●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 4103/1947-2714.100994
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Massaro A; Ferretti A; Secchiero C; Cittadin S; Milan E; Tamiso L; Pavan L; Tommasi E; Marzola MC; Chondrogiannis S; Rampin L; Marcolongo A; Rubello D
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - Service of Nuclear Medicine, PET Centre, Santa Maria Della Misericordia Hospital, Rovigo, Italy. E-mail: domenico.rubello@libero.it.
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[108]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Simultaneous transurethral resection of bladder cancer and prostate may reduce recurrence rates: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - Exp Ther Med. 2012 Oct;4(4):685-692. Epub 2012 Aug 9.
●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 3892/etm.2012.660
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Li S; Zeng XT; Ruan XL; Wang XH; Guo Y; Yang ZH
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071;
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - The aim of this study was to evaluate the recurrence rate of simultaneous transurethral resection of bladder cancer and prostate (TURBT+TURP) in the treatment of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). We searched PubMed, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), EMBASE and the ISI Web of Knowledge databases from their establishment until March 2012, to collect all the original studies on TURBT+TURP vs. TURBT alone in the treatment of NMIBC with BPH. After screening the literature, methodological quality assessment and data extraction was conducted independently by two reviewers and meta-analysis was performed using the RevMan 5.1 software. The quality of data was assessed using the Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Eight studies, including seven non-randomized concurrent controlled trials (NRCCTs) and one randomized controlled trial (RCT), involving a total of 1,372 patients met the criteria. Meta-analyses of NRCCTs showed that in the TURBT+TURP group, overall recurrence rates were lower [odds ratio (OR), 0.76; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.60-0.96; P=0.02] and the difference was statistically significant. The postoperative recurrence rate in the prostatic fossa/bladder neck (OR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.64-1.45; P=0.86) and bladder tumor progression rates (OR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.49-1.87; P=0.91) were similar between the TURBT+TURP and TURBT groups, but the difference was not significant. According to the GRADE approach, the level of evidence was moderate or low. Only one RCT demonstrated that overall postoperative tumor recurrence rates, recurrence rates at prostate fossa/bladder neck and bladder tumor progression rates between simultaneous groups and control groups were almost equal. There was no significant difference (P>0.05), and the level of evidence was moderate. For patients with NMIBC and BPH, simultaneous resection did not increase the overall recurrence rate of bladder tumors, it also did not cause metastasis and tumor progression, but it may reduce the recurrence rate. However, due to the low quality of investigations included in the present study, careful selection was necessary, and more large-scale and high-quality randomized controlled trials are also required for further confirmation.
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[109]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Cutaneous metastasis of testicular choriocarcinoma, diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration cytology: a rare case report and review of the literature.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - Indian J Pathol Microbiol. 2012 Jul-Sep;55(3):406-8. doi: 10.4103/0377-4929.101760.
●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 4103/0377-4929.101760
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Geramizadeh B; Rad H
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - Department of Pathology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Skin metastasis of testicular choriocarcinoma is very rare. Until now about nine cases have been reported in the English literature; however, only one of them has been diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cytology. Herein, we report our experience with FNA cytology diagnosis of a metastatic testicular choriocarcinoma to the skin of chin. The combination of highly atypical mononuclear cells (cytotrophoblasts) and multinucleated malignant cells (syncytiotrophoblasts) are characteristic of metastatic tumor in a known case of choriocarcinoma of testis.
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[110]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - No association between COMT Val158Met polymorphism and prostate cancer risk: a meta-analysis.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - Genet Test Mol Biomarkers. 2013 Jan;17(1):78-84. doi: 10.1089/gtmb.2012.0216. Epub 2012 Nov 1.
●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1089/gtmb.2012.0216
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Zou LW; Xu XJ; Liu T; Wang HY; Fan WJ; Wang XH; Zhang ZX; Zhai JX
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - OBJECTIVE: Results from published studies on the association between the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) Val158Met polymorphism and prostate cancer (PCa) risk are inconsistent. To derive a more precise estimate, we performed a meta-analysis. METHODS: We searched in the PubMed and Elsevier Science Direct database for studies on the association between the COMT Val158Met polymorphism and PCa. We used the odds ratio with 95% confidence interval for PCa risk, detected potential sources of heterogeneity with the Chi-square-based Q-test, performed sensitivity analysis of studies adapted to the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. RESULTS: We found seven case-control studies included 2292 patients and 2158 controls. Fix-effects meta-analysis failed to explore any significant association of PCa with the genetic model and the allelic model of COMT Val158Met. We also did not detect any association in the subgroup analysis by ethnicity in all genetic models. The gene-based analysis suggested that the genetic polymorphism in COMT is not associated with PCa. CONCLUSIONS: There is no association between the COMT Val158Met polymorphism and PCa.
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[111]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Meta-analysis demonstrates lack of association of the hOGG1 Ser326Cys polymorphism with bladder cancer risk.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - Genet Mol Res. 2012 Sep 26;11(3):3490-6. doi: 10.4238/2012.September.26.4.
●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 4238/2012.September.26.4
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Zhong DY; Chu HY; Wang ML; Ma L; Shi DN; Zhang ZD
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - Department of Molecular and Genetic Toxicology, Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - The functional polymorphism Ser326Cys (rs1052133) in the human 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase (hOGG1) gene has been implicated in bladder cancer risk. However, reports of this association between the Ser326Cys polymorphism and bladder cancer risk are conflicting. In order to help clarify this relationship, we made a meta-analysis of seven case-control studies, summing 2521 cases and 2408 controls. We used odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) to assess the strength of the association. Overall, no significant association between the hOGG1 Ser326Cys polymorphism and bladder cancer risk was found for Cys/Cys vs Ser/Ser (OR = 1.10, 95%CI = 0.74-1.65), Ser/Cys vs Ser/Ser (OR = 1.07, 95%CI = 0.81-1.42), Cys/Cys + Ser/Cys vs Ser/Ser (OR = 1.08, 95%CI = 0.87-1.33), and Cys/Cys vs Ser/Cys + Ser/Ser (OR = 1.04, 95%CI = 0.65-1.69). Even when stratified by ethnicity, no significant association was observed. We concluded that the hOGG1 Ser326Cys polymorphism does not contribute to susceptibility to bladder cancer.
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[112]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Sipuleucel-T immunotherapy for castration-resistant prostate cancer. A systematic review and meta-analysis.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - Arch Med Sci. 2012 Nov 9;8(5):767-75. doi: 10.5114/aoms.2012.31610. Epub 2012 Oct 8.
●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 5114/aoms.2012.31610
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Kawalec P; Paszulewicz A; Holko P; Pilc A
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - Drug Management Department, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - INTRODUCTION: Sipuleucel-T is a novel active cellular immunotherapy for the treatment of asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). It is assumed to be associated with less adverse events than conventional docetaxel-based chemotherapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A systematic review of literature published between January, 1 1966 and February, 6 2012 was performed to assess the efficacy and safety of sipuleucel-T in patients with mCRPC. Databases were searched: Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane, CancerLit as well as ASCO and ESCO websites. RESULTS: Three randomized clinical trials with a total of 737 participants fulfilled established criteria. The overall survival of patients who received sipuleucel-T in comparison to the control group was significantly longer with a hazard ratio (HR) of 0.73 (95% CI: 0.61-0.88; p = 0.001). Time to disease progression was not prolonged using sipuleucel-T compared to placebo, HR = 0.89 (95% CI: 0.75-1.05; p = 0.18). Relative benefit (RB) of serum PSA level reduction of at least 50% for sipuleucel-T compared to placebo did not meet statistical significance, RB = 1.97 (95% CI: 0.48-8.14; p = 0.38). The safety population consisted of 729 patients with mCRPC. Compared to the control group, the pooled relative risks (RR) of all adverse events - RR = 1.03 (95% CI: 1.00-1.05; p = 0.06), grade 3 to 5 adverse events - RR = 0.98 (95% CI: 0.79-1.22; p = 0.86) and cerebrovascular events - RR = 1.93 (95% CI: 0.73-5.09; p = 0.18) were not significantly higher for men treated with sipuleucel-T. CONCLUSIONS: The use of sipuleucel-T prolonged the overall survival among men with mCRPC. No effect on time to disease progression was observed and the safety profile was acceptable.
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[113]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Splenogonadal fusion and testicular cancer: case report and review of the literature.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - Einstein (Sao Paulo). 2012 Jan-Mar;10(1):92-5.
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Lopes RI; de Medeiros MT; Arap MA; Cocuzza M; Srougi M; Hallak J
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - Divisao de Clinica Urologica do Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo -Avenida Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar, 255,7o andar - Zip code: 05403-000 - Sao Paulo (SP), Brazil. robertoiglesias@terra.com.br
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - A 36 year-old man after tests for assessing male infertility was diagnosed with primary infertility, bilateral cryptorchidism, nonobstructive azoospermia and discontinuous splenogonadal fusion. Carcinoma in situ was found in his left testicle, which was intraabdominal and associated with splenogonadal fusion. To our knowledge, this is the fourth case of splenogonadal fusion associated with testicular cancer reported. One should always bear in mind the possibility of this association for the left cryptorchid testicle.
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[114]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - An evidence review of active surveillance in men with localized prostate cancer.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - Evid Rep Technol Assess (Full Rep). 2011 Dec;(204):1-341.
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Furlan AD; Ip S; Dahabreh IJ; Chung M; Yu WW; Balk EM; Iovin RC; Mathew P; Luongo T; Dvorak T; Lau J
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - BACKGROUND: Radical prostatectomy and radiation therapy for prostate cancer have side effects and unclear survival benefits for early stage and low-risk disease. Prostate cancer often has an indolent natural history, making observational management strategies potentially appealing. PURPOSE: To systematically review the role of active surveillance for triggers to begin curative treatment in men with low-risk prostate cancer. Key Questions address changes in prostate cancer characteristics over time, definitions of active surveillance and other observational strategies, factors affecting the offer of, acceptance of, and adherence to active surveillance, the comparative effectiveness of active surveillance with curative treatments, and research gaps. DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE(®), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and existing systematic reviews, evidence reports, and economic evaluations. STUDY SELECTION: Randomized controlled trials and nonrandomized comparative studies of treatments, multivariable association studies, and studies of temporal trends in prostate cancer natural history. Only published, peer-reviewed, English-language articles were selected based on predetermined eligibility criteria. DATA EXTRACTION: A standardized protocol was used to extract details on design, diagnoses, interventions, predictive factors, outcomes, and study validity. DATA SYNTHESIS: In total, 80 studies provided information on epidemiologic trends; 56 on definitions of active surveillance; 42 on factors affecting the offer of, acceptance of, or adherence to observational management strategies; and 26 on comparative effectiveness. Increased diagnosis of early-stage prostate cancer due to prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing, led to an increase in prostate cancer incidence from the mid-1980s to the mid-1990s. The prostate cancer-specific mortality rate decreased for all age groups from the early-1990s to 1999. Currently, patients are diagnosed with earlier stage and lower risk prostate cancers compared to the pre-PSA era. Over time, a lower proportion of men received observational management versus active treatment, even among those with low-risk disease. There was no standardized definition of active surveillance. Sixteen cohorts used different monitoring protocols, all with different combinations of periodic digital rectal examination, PSA testing, rebiopsy, and/or imaging findings. Predictors that a patient received no initial active treatment generally included older age, presence of comorbidities, lower Gleason score, lower tumor stage, lower diagnostic PSA, and lower disease progression risk group. No trial provided results comparing men with localized disease on active surveillance with surgery or radiation therapy. LIMITATIONS: Because of the nonstandardized usages of the terms “active surveillance” and “watchful waiting” and their intended and often mixed (both curative and palliative) treatment objectives, it was difficult to determine which study patients received active monitoring for triggers indicative of curative treatment and which observation for clinical symptoms indicative of palliative treatment. CONCLUSIONS: More men are being diagnosed with early stage prostate cancer. Whether active monitoring with a curative intent is an appropriate option for these men remains unclear. A standard, universally agreed-upon definition of active surveillance that clearly distinguishes it from watchful waiting and other observational management strategies is needed to help clarify scientific discourse on this topic. Ongoing clinical trials may provide information on the comparative effectiveness of active surveillance compared to immediate active treatment, but will require long term followup.
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[115]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Type 2 diabetes and risk of prostate cancer: a meta-analysis of observational studies.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 2012 Oct 2. doi: 10.1038/pcan.2012.40.
●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1038/pcan.2012.40
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Bansal D; Bhansali A; Kapil G; Undela K; Tiwari P
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Mohali, India.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Background:Emerging evidence suggests that diabetes may increase the risk of cancers. However, available evidence on prostate cancer is conflicting. We therefore examined the association between Type 2 diabetes and risk of prostate cancer by conducting a detailed meta-analysis of all studies published regarding this subject.Methods:PubMed database and bibliographies of retrieved articles were searched for epidemiological studies (published between 1970 and 2011), investigating the relationship between Type 2 diabetes and prostate cancer. Pooled risk ratio (RR) was calculated using random-effects model. Subgroup, sensitivity analysis and cumulative meta-analysis were also done.Results:Forty-five studies (29 cohort and 16 case-control studies) involving 8.1 million participants and 132 331 prostate cancer cases detected a significant inverse association between Type 2 diabetes and risk of prostate cancer (RR 0.86, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.80-0.92). For cohort studies alone, the RR was 0.87 (95% CI 0.80-0.94), and for case-control studies alone, the RR was 0.85 (95% CI 0.74-0.96). Sensitivity analysis done by excluding one outlier further strengthened our negative association (RR 0.83, 95% CI 0.78-0.87). No evidence of publication bias was observed.Conclusions:This meta-analysis provides strongest evidence supporting that Type 2 diabetes is significantly inversely associated with risk of developing prostate cancer.Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Disease advance online publication, 2 October 2012; doi:10.1038/pcan.2012.40.
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[116]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Statin use and risk of prostate cancer: a meta-analysis of observational studies.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - PLoS One. 2012;7(10):e46691. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046691. Epub 2012 Oct 1.
●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1371/journal.pone.0046691
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Bansal D; Undela K; D’Cruz S; Schifano F
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, SAS Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, India. drdeep97@gmail.com
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - BACKGROUND: Emerging evidence suggests that statins may decrease the risk of cancers. However, available evidence on prostate cancer (PCa) is conflicting. We therefore examined the association between statin use and risk of PCa by conducting a detailed meta-analysis of all observational studies published regarding this subject. METHODS: Literature search in PubMed database was undertaken through February 2012 looking for observational studies evaluating the association between statin use and risk of PCa. Before meta-analysis, the studies were evaluated for publication bias and heterogeneity. Pooled relative risk (RR) estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using random-effects model (DerSimonian and Laird method). Subgroup analyses, sensitivity analysis and cumulative meta-analysis were also performed. RESULTS: A total of 27 (15 cohort and 12 case-control) studies contributed to the analysis. There was heterogeneity among the studies but no publication bias. Statin use significantly reduced the risk of both total PCa by 7% (RR 0.93, 95% CI 0.87-0.99, p = 0.03) and clinically important advanced PCa by 20% (RR 0.80, 95% CI 0.70-0.90, p<0.001). Long-term statin use did not significantly affect the risk of total PCa (RR 0.94, 95% CI 0.84-1.05, p = 0.31). Stratification by study design did not substantially influence the RR. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis confirmed the stability of results. Cumulative meta-analysis showed a change in trend of reporting risk from positive to negative in statin users between 1993 and 2011. CONCLUSIONS: Our meta-analysis provides evidence supporting the hypothesis that statins reduce the risk of both total PCa and clinically important advanced PCa. Further research is needed to confirm these findings and to identify the underlying biological mechanisms.
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[117]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Detection of Prostate Cancer: Comparison of cancer detection rates of Sextant and Extended Ten-core Biopsy Protocols.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - Niger Postgrad Med J. 2012 Sep;19(3):137-42.
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Ojewola RW; Tijani KH; Jeje EA; Anunobi CC; Ogunjimi MA; Ezenwa EV; Ogundiniyi OS
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - Department of Surgery, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos Nigeria.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To compare the cancer detection rates of sextant and ten- core biopsy protocol amongst patients being evaluated for prostate cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This is a prospective study involving 125 men with suspicion of prostate cancer. They all had an extended 10-core transrectal digitally-guided prostatic biopsy using Tru-Cut needle. Indications for biopsy were presence of one or more of the following: elevated Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA), abnormal Digital Rectal Examination (DRE) findings and abnormal prostate scan. Sextant biopsies were collected first, followed by four lateral biopsies in all patients. Both groups of specimen were kept and analyzsed separately by the same pathologist. The cancer detection rates of sextant and extended (combination of sextant and lateral) 10-core biopsy protocols were determined and compared. Pearson’s Chi square and McNemar tests at two degrees of freedom with level of significance set at 0.05 ( P <0.005) were used to determine the statistical significance. RESULTS: The overall cancer detection rate of 10-core prostate biopsy was 48.8%. Of all positive biopsies, the sextant biopsy protocol detected 52 cancers (85.2%) while the lateral biopsy protocol detected 58 cases (95.1%). Three (3) cancers were detected by the sextant protocol only while the lateral protocol detected nine (9) cancers where sextant technique was negative for malignancy. Ten-core extended protocol showed a statistically significant increase of 14.8% over the traditional sextant. (P=0.046). The overall complication rate of ten-core biopsy was 26.4% and the procedure was well tolerated in most patients. CONCLUSION: We conclude that a ten-core prostate biopsy protocol significantly improves cancer detection and should be considered as the optimum biopsy protocol.
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[118]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Prostate specific antigen testing policy worldwide varies greatly and seems not to be in accordance with guidelines: a systematic review.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - BMC Fam Pract. 2012 Oct 11;13:100. doi: 10.1186/1471-2296-13-100.
●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1186/1471-2296-13-100
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Van der Meer S; Lowik SA; Hirdes WH; Nijman RM; Van der Meer K; Hoekstra-Weebers JE; Blanker MH
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - Department of General Practice, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, P,O,Box 30,001, 9700, RB, Groningen, The Netherlands. blanker@belvederelaan.nl.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Prostate specific antigen (PSA) testing is widely used, but guidelines on follow-up are unclear. METHODS: We performed a systematic review of the literature to determine follow-up policy after PSA testing by general practitioners (GPs) and non-urologic hospitalists, the use of a cut-off value for this policy, the reasons for repeating a PSA test after an initial normal result, the existence of a general cut-off value below which a PSA result is considered normal, and the time frame for repeating a test.Data sources. MEDLINE, Embase, PsychInfo and the Cochrane library from January 1950 until May 2011.Study eligibility criteria. Studies describing follow-up policy by GPs or non-urologic hospitalists after a primary PSA test, excluding urologists and patients with prostate cancer. Studies written in Dutch, English, French, German, Italian or Spanish were included. Excluded were studies describing follow-up policy by urologists and follow-up of patients with prostate cancer. The quality of each study was structurally assessed. RESULTS: Fifteen articles met the inclusion criteria. Three studies were of high quality. Follow-up differed greatly both after a normal and an abnormal PSA test result. Only one study described the reasons for not performing follow-up after an abnormal PSA result. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the available literature, we cannot adequately assess physicians’ follow-up policy after a primary PSA test. Follow-up after a normal or raised PSA test by GPs and non-urologic hospitalists seems to a large extent not in accordance with the guidelines.
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[119]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Clinical benefits of alpharadin in castrate-chemotherapy-resistant prostate cancer: case report and literature review.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - British Medical J (BMJ). Acceso gratuito al texto completo.
●● Enlace a la Editora de la Revista http://bmj.com/search.dtl
●● Cita: British Medical J. (BMJ): <> Case Rep. 2012 Nov 1;2012. pii: bcr2012006540. doi: 10.1136/bcr-2012-006540.
●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1136/bcr-2012-006540
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Croke J; Leung E; Segal R; Malone S
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - Division of Radiation Oncology, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Prostate cancer has the second-highest mortality worldwide in men. The most common site of metastasis is bone. Bone metastases and their resulting complications represent a significant source of morbidity. Radioisotopes have been used for treatment of painful bony metastases. Although shown to decrease pain and analgesia use, this has not improved outcomes. The following case report describes a patient with castrate-resistant prostate cancer who was treated with the radioisotope radium-223 as part of the phase III clinical trial Alpharadin in Patients with Symptomatic Hormone Refractory Prostate Cancer with Skeletal Metastases (ALSYMPCA). He responded to radium-223 with pain relief, bone scan response, stabilisation of prostate specific antigen (PSA) and normalisation of alkaline phosphatase. Interim analysis of this trial has shown that radium-223 significantly prolongs overall survival, time to first skeletal-related event and is well tolerated. Alpharadin is a new treatment option for men with castrate-resistant prostate cancer and symptomatic bone metastases.
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[120]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Prostate cancer overview. Part 2: metastatic prostate cancer.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - Br J Nurs. 2012 Oct 11-24;21(18):S23-4, S26-8.
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Drudge-Coates L; Turner B
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Advances in diagnosis mean that prostate cancer can be detected in the early stages, when options such as surgery and radiotherapy offer curative approaches and active surveillance is appropriate. However, advanced or metastatic disease continues to challenge medical management, which offers only palliative approaches. With such a prognosis, effective treatment of metastatic and metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) is an important element of the management of these patients. The second article of this two-part series focuses on the main management approaches, emerging therapies and nursing roles.
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[121]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Current approaches to bone-targeted therapy in genitourinary malignancies.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - Ther Adv Urol. 2012 Oct;4(5):219-32.
●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1177_1756287212453079 [pii
●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1177/1756287212453079
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Mulders PF
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Centre, PO Box 9101, HB 6500, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Bone metastases in patients with genitourinary cancers are associated with increased risk for skeletal-related events including pathologic fractures, spinal cord compression, and the requirement for surgery or palliative radiotherapy to bone. The nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate zoledronic acid and the monoclonal antibody against RANK, denosumab, are approved for the prevention of skeletal-related events in genitourinary cancers. These agents have different mechanisms of action and pharmacokinetic profiles, and while both are effective in reducing the risk of skeletal-related events, other clinical effects differ. There is evidence for direct and indirect anticancer activity with zoledronic acid from preclinical studies and emerging data from clinical studies suggesting an effect on patient survival. Potential anticancer mechanisms include inhibition of angiogenesis, enhanced immune surveillance via stimulation of gammadelta T cells, and reduction of circulating tumor cells. A synergistic effect of chemotherapy plus zoledronic acid has also been suggested. Further research is ongoing regarding the roles of these antiresorptive therapies in patients with bone metastases or at high risk for malignant spread to skeletal sites.
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[122]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Renal oncocytoma: experience of Clinical Urology A, Urology Department, CHU Ibn Sina, Rabat, Morocco and literature review.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - Pan Afr Med J. 2012;12:84. Epub 2012 Jul 24.
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Benatiya MA; Rais G; Tahri M; Barki A; El sayegh H; Iken A; Nouini Y; Lachkar A; Benslimane L; Errihani H; Faik M
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - Clinical Urology Department A, CHU Ibn Sina, Rabat, Morocco.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Renal oncocytoma is a rare and benign renal tumor. Only few cases have been reported in Moroccan populations. In the present study, we report our experiences in the diagnosis, management and follow-up of this disease. We report on six cases of renal oncocytoma indentified between 1990 and 2008 in the urology department of “CHU Ibn Sina” in Rabat. These six cases are listed among 130 kidney tumors reported during the study period. We assess the clinical, radiological and therapeutic features of the patients and we review literature. Six cases of renal oncocytoma, representing 4.6% of all primitive kidney tumors treated in our institution during the study period. The mean age was 53 +/-9.7 years (range 34 to 61 years). One patient was asymptomatic at presentation, five patients (83%) had flank pain and two (33%) had macroscopic hematuria. The tumor was right sided in 4 cases (66%) and left sided in 2 cases (33%). All patients underwent CT scan which showed, in three cases, a centrally located stellate area of low attenuation. The clinical suspicion of oncocytoma was made preoperatively in only 3 patients by imaging studies, but the suspicion of renal cell carcinoma persist and all patients were treated with radical nephrectomy. Definitive diagnosis was made in all cases postoperatively. All the tumors were well circumscribed but unencapsulated. The mean tumor size was 8,75+/-2,04 cm. Four patients were classified at stage pT2 and two at stage p T1. Most of the pathological features in our patients were typical of this entity. Predominant cell type was a typical oncocytoma with general low mitotic activity. No extension to peri-nephric fat tissue or lymphovascular invasion was observed. After a mean follow-up of 36 months (range 26-62 months), there was neither recurrence nor death from oncocytoma. Accordingly, the disease-specific survival was 100%. Renal oncocytoma has a benign clinical course with excellent long-term outcomes. In our series, it happened mostly in females and is more frequently symptomatic. Although radical nephrectomy is the usual treatment, a conservative approach should be considered whenever there are signs of clinical and radiological presumptions.
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[123]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Primary renal embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma in adults: a case report and review of the literature.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - Case Rep Oncol Med. 2012;2012:460749. doi: 10.1155/2012/460749. Epub 2012 Oct 23.
●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1155/2012/460749
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Fanous RN; Mayer EK; Vale J; Lloyd J; Walker MM
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - Department of Urology, St. Mary’s Hospital, Imperial NHS Trust, London W2 1NY, UK.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Adult renal rhabdomyosarcoma is a rare subtype of renal sarcoma. We present a case of a renal mass treated with radical nephrectomy that subsequently was shown to be renal rhabdomyosarcoma. We discuss the clinical presentation, imaging findings, and histology for this case and review the available literature.
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[124]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Meta-analysis of the diagnostic performance of [18F]FDG-PET and PET/CT in renal cell carcinoma.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - Cancer Imaging. 2012 Oct 26;12:464-74. doi: 10.1102/1470-7330.2012.0042.
●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1102/1470-7330.2012.0042
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Wang HY; Ding HJ; Chen JH; Chao CH; Lu YY; Lin WY; Kao CH
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - Department of Nuclear Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan; H.Y. Wang and W.Y. Lin contributed equally to this work.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - OBJECTIVES: Positron emission tomography (PET) using fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) is useful for restaging renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and detecting metastatic diseases but is less satisfactory for detecting primary disease. We evaluated whether the integration of computed tomography (CT) scans with the PET system could increase the applicability of FDG-PET for RCC. METHODS: The MEDLINE databases were searched for relevant studies published since 2001. Two reviewers independently assessed the methodological quality of each study identified. We then performed a meta-analysis of the sensitivity and specificity of FDG-PET findings as reported in all the selected studies. RESULTS: Fourteen studies were eligible for inclusion. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of FDG-PET were 62% and 88% respectively, for renal lesions. For detecting extra-renal lesions, the pooled sensitivity and specificity of FDG-PET were 79% and 90%, respectively, based on the scans, and 84% and 91% based on the lesions. The use of a hybrid FDG-PET/CT to detect extra-renal lesions increased the pooled sensitivity and specificity to 91% and 88%, respectively, with good consistency. CONCLUSIONS: For RCC, combining the FDG-PET and CT systems is helpful for detecting extra-renal metastasis rather than renal lesions. The hybrid PET/CT system has comparable sensitivity and specificity with PET in detecting extra-renal lesions of RCC. Advances in knowledge: The FDG-PET and PET/CT systems are both useful for detecting extra-renal metastasis in renal cell carcinoma.
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[125]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Metastatic urothelial carcinoma to pericardia manifested by dyspnea from cardiac tamponade during systemic chemotherapy: Case report and literature review.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - Can Urol Assoc J. 2012 Oct;6(5):E184-8. doi: 10.5489/cuaj.11130.
●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 5489/cuaj.11130
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Hattori S; Miyajima A; Maeda T; Takeda T; Morita S; Kosaka T; Kikuchi E; Oya M
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - A 53-year-old man presented for further evaluation due to microscopic hematuria and left lumbar pain. Computed tomography revealed a large tumour in the left renal pelvis with multiple metastases. Despite effective systemic chemotherapy, he developed dyspnea, and was diagnosed with cardiac tamponade. Pericardial involvement in an advanced malignancy is common, but symptomatic cardiac metastasis from urothelial carcinoma is rare. Of the reports of symptomatic cardiac metastasis from urothelial carcinoma, only 3 cases presented as cardiac tamponade. We report here a rare case of cardiac tamponade caused by a renal pelvic carcinoma with positive cytodiagnosis of pericardial effusion. We also summarize and discuss the symptoms, treatment, and prognosis of the pathological condition, and present a brief review of previously published reports.
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[126]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - A contemporary update on pathology reporting for urinary bladder cancer.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol. 2012 Jul-Sep;25(3):565-71.
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Mazzucchelli R; Scarpelli M; Lopez-Beltran A; Cheng L; Di Primio R; Montironi R
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - Section of Pathological Anatomy, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, School of Medicine, United Hospitals, Ancona, Italy.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Providing the best management for patients with bladder cancer relies on close cooperation among uro-oncologists and pathologists. The pathologist is involved in the diagnosis and assessment of prognostic and therapeutic factors in bladder biopsies, transurethral resection (TUR) and cystectomy specimens. The pathologist must report accurately the key features using terms that are well understood by clinicians. Adequate clinical information is important to pathologists in deciding the best approach in handling and processing the surgical specimens.
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[127]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Management of primary adenocarcinoma of the female urethra: Report of two cases and review of the literature.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - Oncol Lett. 2012 Nov;4(5):951-954. Epub 2012 Aug 29.
●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 3892/ol.2012.886
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Wang X; Bai P; Su H; Luo G; Zhong Z; Zhao X
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011; ; Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361004, P.R. China.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Primary adenocarcinoma of the female urethra is rare and only a few retrospective cases have been published. The origin of urethral adenocarcinomas remains unclear. Certain authors have suggested that urethral adenocarcinomas in females originate at the periurethral Skene’s glands. We report one case of urethral adenocarcinoma of the proximal urethra in a 44-year-old female who presented with painless urethral bleeding. Abdominal and pelvic CT scan with contrast and chest radiology were unremarkable. Biopsy of the mass revealed adenocarcinoma of the urethra. The patient was treated with partial urethrectomy and was free of disease for more than 5 years. We also present another rare case of mucinous adenocarcinoma in a 52-year-old female who complained of an enlarged urethral mass. Pelvic MRI revealed a tumor surrounding the whole urethra and bilateral inguinal lymph nodes. A puncture biopsy later revealed that the tumor was mucinous adenocarcinoma. Anterior pelvic exenteration with pelvic and bilateral lymph node dissection was performed and chemotherapy was administered. The patient was followed up for 12 months and did not experience local recurrence or distant metastasis. In conclusion, for the diagnosis of urethral cancer, a biopsy is necessary for any suspicious urethral lesions. MRI is recommended for tumor staging. Small, superficial, distal urethral tumors may be treated with excision of the distal urethra. For advanced female urethral cancer, a combination of chemotherapy, radiation therapy and surgery is recommended for optimal local and distant disease control. Regular follow-up is required in these patients.
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[128]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Lingual metastasis from renal cell carcinoma: a case report and literature review.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - Rare Tumors. 2012 Jun 26;4(3):e41. doi: 10.4081/rt.2012.e41. Epub 2012 Sep 4.
●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 4081/rt.2012.e41
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Ganini C; Lasagna A; Ferraris E; Gatti P; Paglino C; Imarisio I; Morbini P; Benazzo M; Porta C
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - Medical Oncology.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for the 3% of all solid tumors. Despite continuous improvement in the therapy regimen, less has been achieved in terms of enabling an earlier diagnosis: the neoplasia usually reveals its presence at an advanced stage, obviously affecting prognosis. The most frequent sites of secondary disease are shown to be lungs (50-60%), bone (30-40%), liver (30-40%) and brain (5%); while the head and neck district seems to account for less than 1% of patients with primary kidney lesion. We report here the case of a 70-year old man who presented with acute renal failure due to abdominal recurrence of RCC 18 years post nephrectomy. After a few months of follow up without any systemic therapy due to the renal impairment, the patient presented a vascularized tongue lesion that was demonstrated to be a secondary localization of the RCC. This lesion has, therefore, been treated with microsphere embolization to stop the frequent bleeding and to lessen the unbearable concomitant symptoms it caused, such as dysphagia and pain. A tongue lesion that appears in a RCC patient should always be considered suspect and a multidisciplinary study should be conducted both to assess whether it is a metastasis or a primary new lesion and to understand which method should be selected, if necessary, to treat it (surgery, radiation or embolization). Lingual metastasis should be examined accurately not only because they seem to implicate a poor prognosis, but also because they carry a burden of symptoms that not only threatens patients’ lives but also has a strong impact on their quality of life.
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[129]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Leiomyoma of the tunica albuginea, a case report of a rare tumour of the testis and review of the literature.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - Diagn Pathol. 2012 Oct 9;7:140. doi: 10.1186/1746-1596-7-140.
●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1186/1746-1596-7-140
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Bremmer F; Kessel FJ; Behnes CL; Trojan L; Heinrich E
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - Department of Pathology, University Medical Centre Gottingen, Robert-Koch-Str, 40, Gottingen 37075, Germany. felix.bremmer@med.uni-goettingen.de
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - BACKGROUND: Leiomyomas are benign tumours that originate from smooth muscles. They are often seen in the uterus, but also in the renal pelvis, bladder, spermatic cord, epididymis, prostate, scrotum or the glans penis. Leiomyomas of the tunica albuginea are extremely rare. CASE PRESENTATION: A 59-year-old white male has noted an asymptomatic tumour on the right side of his scrotal sac for several years. This tumour has increased slowly and caused local scrotal pain. An inguinal incision was performed, in which the hypoplastic testis, the epididymis and the tumour could be easily mobilized. Macroscopically the tumour showed a solid round nonencapsulated whorling cut surface. Histologically the diagnosis of a leiomyoma was made. CONCLUSION: We report here a very interesting and rare case of a leiomyoma of the tunica albuginea. Leiomyomas can be a possible differential diagnosis in this area. VIRTUAL SLIDES: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/2585095378537599.
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[130]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Two malignant solitary fibrous tumors in one kidney: Case report and review of the literature.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - Oncol Lett. 2012 Nov;4(5):993-995. Epub 2012 Aug 9.
●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 3892/ol.2012.858
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Zhao G; Li G; Han R
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - Department of Urology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin 300211, P.R. China.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Malignant solitary fibrous tumors of the kidney are very rare. Two tumors in one kidney is particularly rare and has not been previously reported. Due to the non-specific clinical symptoms, it is difficult but also very significant to give a definite diagnosis. Here, we report a case of two renal masses in one kidney. A 56-year-old man was admitted to our hospital complaining of shortness of breath, weakness, hyperhidrosis and intermittent hypoglycemia of 1-year duration without gross hematuria or lumbago. Imaging studies revealed two masses manifesting as inhomogeneous, with soft-tissue density and having no clear boundaries with the kidney. The patient was initially diagnosed with space-occupying lesions of the left kidney (with suspicions of renal cell carcinoma) and left radical nephrectomy was performed. Histologically, the tumors consisted of ovoid or spindle cells, and a hemangiopericytoma-like pattern and cellular atypia was observed in certain areas. Mitotic figures were more than 4 per 10 high-power fields. Immunohistochemically the tumor cells were positive for CD34, CD99 and vimentin. Accordingly, a diagnosis of malignant solitary fibrous tumor of the left kidney (low-grade malignance) was established. Postoperative follow-up of 10 months did not find tumor recurrence or metastasis and hypoglycemia was resolved with the removal of the tumors.
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[131]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Pigmented perivascular epithelioid cell tumor (PEComa) of the kidney: a case report and review of the literature.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - Korean J Pathol. 2012 Oct;46(5):499-502. doi: 10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2012.46.5.499. Epub 2012 Oct 25.
●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 4132/KoreanJPathol.2012.46.5.499
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Chang H; Jung W; Kang Y; Jung WY
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - Department of Pathology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Heavily pigmented perivascular epithelioid cell tumors (PEComa) are rare, only eight cases of which have been reported. Unlike typical epithelioid angiomyolipoma, most of these tumors have been encountered in female patients without tuberous sclerosis. The long-term prognosis thereof is undetermined. Cytological similarity and heavy melanin pigment make it difficult for pigmented PEComa to be differentiated from pigmented clear cell renal cell carcinoma or malignant melanoma. The immunoprofile of tumor cells, such as human melanoma black-45 expression, as well as the absence or presence of other melanocytic or epithelial markers, are helpful in determining a differential diagnosis. Here we report a case of heavily pigmented PEComa of the right kidney and review the literature describing this tumor. In this case, the immunoprofile and clinical features corresponded well to those described in the literature. Since the prognosis of such disease has not yet been established, close follow-up of this patient was recommended.
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[132]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Benign prostatic hyperplasia and lower urinary tract symptom guidelines.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - Can Urol Assoc J. 2012 Oct;6(5 Suppl 2):S130-2. doi: 10.5489/cuaj.12231.
●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 5489/cuaj.12231
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Roehrborn C
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - Professor and Chair, Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are very common in men, with incidence increasing with age. Several clinical practice guidelines are available as decision-making aids for men with LUTS and the recommendations are based on the presumed etiology of the symptoms (due to obstruction, overactive bladder or a combination of the two). This review presents the various pharmacologic treatment options and summarizes key clinical trial data supporting their use.
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[133]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Current status of brachytherapy for prostate cancer.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - Korean J Urol. 2012 Nov;53(11):743-9. doi: 10.4111/kju.2012.53.11.743. Epub 2012 Nov 14.
●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 4111/kju.2012.53.11.743
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Park DS
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - Department of Urology, Bundang CHA Hospital, CHA University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Brachytherapy was developed to treat prostate cancer 50 years ago. Current advanced techniques using transrectal ultrasonography were established 25 years ago. Transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) has enabled the prostate to be viewed with improved resolution with the use of modern ultrasound machines. Moreover, the development of software that can provide images captured in real time has improved treatment outcomes. Other new radiologic imaging technologies or a combination of magnetic resonance and TRUS could be applied to brachytherapy in the future. The therapeutic value of brachytherapy for early-stage prostate cancer is comparable to that of radical prostatectomy in long-term follow-up. Nevertheless, widespread application of brachytherapy cannot be achieved for several reasons. The treatment outcome of brachytherapy varies according to the skill of the operator and differences in patient selection. Currently, only three radioactive isotopes are available for use in low dose rate prostate brachytherapy: I-125, Pd-103, and Cs-131; therefore, more isotopes should be developed. High dose rate brachytherapy using Ir-192 combined with external beam radiation, which is needed to verify the long-term effects, has been widely applied in high-risk patient groups. Recently, tumor-selective therapy or focal therapy using brachytherapy, which is not possible by surgical extraction, has been developed to maintain the quality of life in selected cases. However, this new application for prostate cancer treatment should be performed cautiously because we do not know the oncological outcome, and it would be an interim treatment method. This technique might evolve into a hybrid of whole-gland treatment and focal therapy.
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[134]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Sequential robotic-assisted bladder diverticulectomy and radical prostatectomy. Technique and review of the literature.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - Enlace al Resumen / Link to its Summary
REVISTA / JOURNAL: - Int J Surg Case Rep. 2013;4(1):81-4. doi: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2012.10.002. Epub 2012 Oct 8.
●● Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.ijscr.2012.10.002
AUTORES / AUTHORS: - Ploumidis A; Skolarikos A; Sopilidis O; Chalikopoulos D; Alivizatos G; Wiklund P
INSTITUCIÓN / INSTITUTION: - Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Section of Urology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinskavagen, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden. Electronic address: aploumidis@yahoo.gr.
RESUMEN / SUMMARY: - INTRODUCTION: Acquired bladder diverticula (BD) in men over the age of 60 are usually due to bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) secondary to prostatic enlargement. In cases of clinical significant BD with persistent symptoms or complications surgical excision should be considered. In the treatment of BD it is important to address the BOO with a bladder outlet procedure either simultaneously or in a staged fashion. PRESENTATION OF CASE: We present to the best of our knowledge, the first case of sequential robotic-assisted bladder diverticulectomy (RABD) combined with robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) in a patient with large diverticula and malignant prostate enlargement as the cause of BOO. DISCUSSION: Concomitant open radical prostatectomy and bladder diverticulectomy series have been described, while minimal invasive procedures combining BD excision with relive of BOO especially due to benign prostatic enlargement have been reported to be safe and effective. CONCLUSION: Concomitant RABD with RARP is a safe and effective procedure with excellent oncological and functional results.
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